101
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Melo RSB, Carmo CDSD, Ribeiro CCC, Soeiro VMDS, Caldas ADJM. Association of active behavior, body mass index, blood pressure and inflammatory cytokine in adolescents. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fm.2022.35129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Physical inactivity is associated with obesity, chronic inflammation and the occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Objective: To investigate the association of active behavior, body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with serum levels of inflammatory interleukins in adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional population-based study of adolescents from public schools in São Luís, Maranhão. A theoretical model was built, based on Structural Equation Modeling, to explore the effects of the latent variable “active behavior” adjusted for socioeconomic status and gender, with effects on BMI, DBP and inflammatory load. Results Active behavior was associated with lower DBP values (standardized coefficient (SC) = -0.146; p = 0.029), while higher BMI was associated with higher DBP values (SC = 0.177; p < 0.001). For the highest values of active behavior there was a higher inflammatory load (SC = 0.442; p < 0.001); and a higher BMI was associated with a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.145; p = 0.025). Female gender had a higher inflammatory burden (SC = 0.282; p < 0.001). There was an indirect effect for females on lower inflammatory load values via reduction in active behavior (SC = -0.155; p < 0.001). Conclusion Active behavior reduces blood pressure levels in adolescents; while the increase in inflammatory cytokines induced by active behavior may be involved in their anti-inflammatory response for disease prevention.
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102
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An Explanation for the Adiponectin Paradox. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121266. [PMID: 34959666 PMCID: PMC8703455 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipokine adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity. Functional signal transduction of adiponectin requires at least one of the receptors AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, but additionally the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule, T-cadherin. Overnutrition causes a reduction in adiponectin synthesis and an increase in the circulating levels of the enzyme glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase D (GPI-PLD). GPI-PLD promotes the hydrolysis of T-cadherin. The functional consequence of T-cadherin hydrolysis is a reduction in adiponectin sequestration by responsive tissues, an augmentation of adiponectin levels in circulation and a (further) reduction in signal transduction. This process creates the paradoxical situation that adiponectin levels are augmented, whereas the adiponectin signal transduction and insulin sensitivity remain strongly impaired. Although both hypoadiponectinemia and hyperadiponectinemia reflect a situation of insulin resistance, the treatments are likely to be different.
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103
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Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Adipose Tissue Biology. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235516. [PMID: 34884217 PMCID: PMC8658722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS) procedures are actually the most effective intervention to help subjects with severe obesity achieve significant and sustained weight loss. White adipose tissue (WAT) is increasingly recognized as the largest endocrine organ. Unhealthy WAT expansion through adipocyte hypertrophy has pleiotropic effects on adipocyte function and promotes obesity-associated metabolic complications. WAT dysfunction in obesity encompasses an altered adipokine secretome, unresolved inflammation, dysregulated autophagy, inappropriate extracellular matrix remodeling and insufficient angiogenic potential. In the last 10 years, accumulating evidence suggests that BS can improve the WAT function beyond reducing the fat depot sizes. The causal relationships between improved WAT function and the health benefits of BS merits further investigation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the short-, medium- and long-term outcomes of BS on the WAT composition and function.
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Ackermann J, Arndt L, Kirstein M, Hobusch C, Brinker G, Klöting N, Braune J, Gericke M. Myeloid Cell-Specific IL-4 Receptor Knockout Partially Protects from Adipose Tissue Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:3081-3089. [PMID: 34789558 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 receptor signaling is supposed to play a major role in anti-inflammatory polarization and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages. In this study, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of C57BL/6J mice (IIl4ra) with LysM-dependent knockout (IIl4ra Δmyel) of the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα), the mandatory signaling component of IL-4 and IL-13, on chow and high-fat diet. Lean IIl4ra Δmyel mice showed decreased insulin sensitivity, no divergent adipose tissue macrophage polarization, but an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, IIl4ra Δmyel mice exhibited higher glucose tolerance, no changes in the lymphocyte compartment and fewer M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. In vivo adipose tissue macrophage proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation was unaffected by Il4ra knockout. Interestingly, we show that IL-4Rα signaling directly augmented Itgax (Cd11c) gene expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and increased the amount of CD11c+ macrophages in adipose tissue explants. Myeloid cell-specific knockout of Il4ra deteriorated insulin sensitivity in lean mice but improved parameters of glucose homeostasis and partially protected from adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Hence, IL-4Rα signaling probably plays a minor role in maintaining the macrophage M2 population and proliferation rates in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that IL-4 signaling plays a proinflammatory role in adipose tissue inflammation by directly upregulating CD11c on adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ackermann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilli Arndt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Georg Brinker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig; and.,Medical Department III, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; .,Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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105
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Salem AM. Th1/Th2 cytokines profile in overweight/obese young adults and their correlation with airways inflammation. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:38-44. [PMID: 35140563 PMCID: PMC8801473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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106
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Rose GL, Mielke GI, Durr M, Schaumberg MA. Effect of resistance training on chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Laura Rose
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Madeleine Durr
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Mia Annalies Schaumberg
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute Birtinya Australia
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107
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Histamine H 3 Receptor Ligands-KSK-59 and KSK-73-Reduce Body Weight Gain in a Rat Model of Excessive Eating. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111080. [PMID: 34832862 PMCID: PMC8622623 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noting the worldwide rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity new effective drugs are now being sought to combat these diseases. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists may represent an effective therapy as they have been shown to modulate histamine synthesis and release and affect a number of other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, substance P) thus influencing the food intake. Based on the preliminary studies determining affinity, intrinsic activity, and selected pharmacokinetic parameters, two histamine H3 receptor ligands were selected. Female rats were fed palatable food for 28 days and simultaneously administered the tested compounds intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 10 or 1 mg/kg b.w./day. Weight was evaluated daily and calorie intake was evaluated once per week. The plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, corticosterone, CRP and IL-6 were determined at the end of experiment. The glucose tolerance test was also performed. To exclude false positives, the effect of tested compounds on spontaneous activity was monitored during the treatment, as well as the amount of consumed kaolin clay was studied as a reflection of possible gastrointestinal disturbances comparable to nausea. The histamine H3 receptor antagonists KSK-59 and KSK-73 administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. prevented weight gain in a rat model of excessive eating. They reduced adipose tissue deposits and improved glucose tolerance. Both compounds showed satisfying ability to penetrate through biological membranes determined in in vitro studies. Compound KSK-73 also reduced the caloric intake of the experimental animals what indicates its anorectic effect. These results show the pharmacological properties of histamine H3 receptor antagonists, (4-pyridyl)piperazine derivatives, as the compounds causing not only slower weight gain but also ameliorating some metabolic disorders in rats having the opportunity to overeat.
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108
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Brown M, Worrell C, Pariante CM. Inflammation and early life stress: An updated review of childhood trauma and inflammatory markers in adulthood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173291. [PMID: 34695507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, as a neurobiological consequence of childhood trauma, has frequently been reported across research, however, recent investigations suggest this relationship may be dependent on specificities such as type of trauma, type of inflammatory marker, and additional mediatory variables - such as body mass index (BMI), age, and sex. As an updated version of a previous review by Baumeister et al., the current review comprised a search of PubMed, which identified 37 articles that collectively assessed 4 inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNFα and IL-1β). A review of the studies revealed predominantly non-significant associations between childhood trauma and elevated levels of all inflammatory markers in adulthood. However, in line with previous research, discrepancies in significance arose when considering type of trauma, type of inflammatory marker, and additional variables. Compared to neglect, abuse showed greater significant associations with elevated inflammatory markers in adulthood, though this was dependent on the individual subtypes (emotional, physical or sexual). Mediation analyses reported BMI as a significant mediator, though, when controlled for, no significant differences were found. Sex differences were reported but investigations were sparse. Future research should investigate the mediatory role of sex differences in the inflammatory effects of childhood trauma. Many studies in the review were restricted by use of the same trauma measure - the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. To assess greater variety of trauma types, future studies should utilize other standardized measures to explore these avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie Brown
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Courtney Worrell
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
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109
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Jarmund AH, Giskeødegård GF, Ryssdal M, Steinkjer B, Stokkeland LMT, Madssen TS, Stafne SN, Stridsklev S, Moholdt T, Heimstad R, Vanky E, Iversen AC. Cytokine Patterns in Maternal Serum From First Trimester to Term and Beyond. Front Immunol 2021; 12:752660. [PMID: 34721426 PMCID: PMC8552528 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.752660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy implies delicate immunological balance between two individuals, with constant changes and adaptions in response to maternal capacity and fetal demands. We performed cytokine profiling of 1149 longitudinal serum samples from 707 pregnant women to map immunological changes from first trimester to term and beyond. The serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) followed diverse but characteristic trajectories throughout pregnancy, consistent with staged immunological adaptions. Eotaxin showed a particularly robust decrease throughout pregnancy. A strong surge in cytokine levels developed when pregnancies progressed beyond term and the increase was amplified as labor approached. Maternal obesity, smoking and pregnancies with large fetuses showed sustained increase in distinct cytokines throughout pregnancy. Multiparous women had increased cytokine levels in the first trimester compared to nulliparous women with higher cytokine levels in the third trimester. Fetal sex affected first trimester cytokine levels with increased levels in pregnancies with a female fetus. These findings unravel important immunological dynamics of pregnancy, demonstrate how both maternal and fetal factors influence maternal systemic cytokines, and serve as a comprehensive reference for cytokine profiles in normal pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Hagen Jarmund
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Guro Fanneløb Giskeødegård
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mariell Ryssdal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørg Steinkjer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Live Marie Tobiesen Stokkeland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torfinn Støve Madssen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Signe Nilssen Stafne
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Solhild Stridsklev
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Women’s Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Runa Heimstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ann-Charlotte Iversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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110
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Painter JD, Akbari O. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727008. [PMID: 34489979 PMCID: PMC8416625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are the innate counterparts of Th2 cells and are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in a variety of tissues. Instead of expressing specific antigen receptors, ILC2s respond to external stimuli such as alarmins released from damage. These cells help control the delicate balance of inflammation in adipose tissue, which is a determinant of metabolic outcome. ILC2s play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through their protective effects on tissue homeostasis. A variety of crosstalk takes place between resident adipose cells and ILC2s, with each interaction playing a key role in controlling this balance. ILC2 effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile. Trafficking and maintenance of ILC2 populations are critical for tissue homeostasis. The metabolic environment and energy source significantly affect the number and function of ILC2s in addition to affecting their interactions with resident cell types. How ILC2s react to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of the severity of disease. Treating sources of metabolic instability via critical immune cells provides a clear avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and new treatments of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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111
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Prasad K. Current Status of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Angiol 2021; 30:177-186. [PMID: 34776817 PMCID: PMC8580611 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty percent of all death from cardiovascular diseases is due to coronary artery disease (CAD). This is avoidable if early identification is made. Preventive health care has a major role in the fight against CAD. Atherosclerosis and atherosclerotic plaque rupture are involved in the development of CAD. Modifiable risk factors for CAD are dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, obesity, chronic renal disease, chronic infection, high C-reactive protein, and hyperhomocysteinemia. CAD can be prevented by modification of risk factors. This paper defines the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD. It discusses the mechanism of risk factor-induced atherosclerosis. This paper describes the CAD risk score and its use in the selection of individuals for primary prevention of CAD. Guidelines for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of CAD have been described. Modification of risk factors and use of guidelines for prevention of CAD would prevent, regress, and slow down the progression of CAD, improve the quality of life of patient, and reduce the health care cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad
- Department of Physiology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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112
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Magalhães NS, Savino W, Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is a Crucial Player for the Poor Outcomes for COVID-19 in Elderly, Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:644751. [PMID: 34458281 PMCID: PMC8385716 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.644751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new infectious disease, named COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus associated to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has become pandemic in 2020. The three most common pre-existing comorbidities associated with COVID-19-related death are elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people. A common factor among these risk groups for the outcome of death in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is dysbiosis, with an increase in the proportion of bacteria with a pro-inflammatory profile. Due to this dysbiosis, elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people present a higher propensity to mount an inflammatory environment in the gut with poor immune editing, culminating in a weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier and high bacterial product translocation to the bloodstream. This scenario culminates in a low-grade, persistent, and systemic inflammation. In this context, we propose here that high circulating levels of bacterial products, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can potentiate the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokines, including IL-6, being crucial for development of the cytokine storm in the severe form of the disease. A better understanding on the possible correlation between gut dysbiosis and poor outcomes observed in elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people can be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Santos Magalhães
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Šimková M, Vítků J, Kolátorová L, Vrbíková J, Vosátková M, Včelák J, Dušková M. Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and cytokines - how relevant are they to PCOS? Physiol Res 2021; 69:S279-S293. [PMID: 33094626 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As environmental and genetic components contribute to the PCOS expression, we compared levels of endocrine disruptors, steroid hormones, cytokines, and metabolic parameters in twenty healthy, nine normal-weight PCOS women, and ten obese PCOS women. Steroid hormones, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF) and parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, benzyl-parabens) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differences between the groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the individual parameters relationship. Significantly higher levels of BPA, anti-Müllerain hormone, lutropine, lutropine/folitropine ratio, testosterone, androstenedione, 7beta-OH-epiandrosterone, and cytokines (IL-6, VEGF, PDGF-bb), were found in normal-weight PCOS women compared to controls. Between normal-weight and obese PCOS women, there were no differences in hormonal, but in metabolic parameters. Obese PCOS women had significantly higher insulin resistance, fatty-liver index, triglycerides, cytokines (IL-2, IL-13, IFN-gamma). In healthy, but not in PCOS, women, there was a positive correlation of BPA with testosterone, SHBG with lutropine, and folitropine, while testosterone negatively correlated with SHBG. In obese women with PCOS, insulin resistance negatively correlated with SHBG and estradiol. No differences were observed in the paraben exposure. Levels of BPA were higher in PCOS women, indicating its role in the etiology. Obesity significantly worsens the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Šimková
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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John CM, Arockiasamy S. Enhanced Inhibition of Adipogenesis by Chrysin via Modification in Redox Balance, Lipogenesis, and Transcription Factors in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes in Comparison with Hesperidin. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:758-770. [PMID: 34459715 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1961641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to elucidate the in-vitro anti-oxidant and anti-adipogenic effect of the flavone, chrysin in comparison with the citrus bioflavonoid, hesperidin during adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 mouse preadipocytes. METHODS The effect of chrysin and hesperidin on adipogenic differentiation was evaluated using Oil red-O staining, triglyceride estimation, free glycerol release, and ROS accumulation. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes was evaluated in real time-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS 50 µmol chrysin or hesperidin did not affect the cell viability of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes, but significantly reduced preadipocyte clonal population, accumulation of intracellular lipid and ROS and consequently increased lipolysis and antioxidant enzyme defence. It also decreased the expression of major adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase and hormone sensitive lipase. CONCLUSION(S) Herein we have indicated, for the first time, the effective anti-adipogenic mechanism of chrysin by down-regulating adipogenesis, lipogenesis and ROS and up-regulating lipolysis and antioxidant enzyme in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. As a nutritional bioflavonoid, chrysin with its more effective inhibition on adipogenesis than hesperidin has the potential to be developed as an anti-adipogenic nutraceutical agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Mano John
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumathy Arockiasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Kwaśniewska A. Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the First Trimester-Comparison of Missed Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168538. [PMID: 34444287 PMCID: PMC8393667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The advantage in response of Th2 over Th1 is observed in normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. A disturbance of this balance can lead to symptoms of miscarriage and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera of women who were diagnosed with missed miscarriage in the first trimester and to compare this systemic immune response to the response in women with normal pregnancy. The study group consisted of 61 patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage. In total, 19 healthy women with uncomplicated first trimester created the control group. Cytokines were determined in the maternal serum by ELISA. The analysis included INF-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-4, Il-5, Il-6, Il-9, Il-10, Il-13 and TGF-β1. Th1 cytokine levels in the study group reached slightly higher values for INF-γ, Il-1β and slightly lower for IL-6 and TNF-α. In turn, Th2 cytokine levels in the study group were slightly higher (Il-9, Il-13), significantly higher (Il4, p = 0.015; Il-5, p = 0.0003) or showed no differences with the control group (Il-10). Slightly lower concentration involved only TGF-β1. Analysis of the correlation between levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines resulted in some discrepancies, without showing predominance of a specific immune response. The results did not confirm that women with missed miscarriage had an advantage in any type of immune response in comparison to women with normal pregnancy.
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Prognostic value of cytokines in breast cancer: Correlation with positive hormonal status and obesity. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The relation of interleukin 6 (IL6) and molecular subtypes as well as body mass index is not well settled. Little is known about interferon gamma (IFγ) and prognosis of breast cancer.
Patient and methods
Serum level of IL6 and IFγ was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and correlated with the TNM staging, molecular subtypes, and body mass index.
Results
Among 78 patients, the median age was 54 years. The majority of the cases were T2 (62.8%), N1 (38.5%), and M0 (89.74%) with stage II being the most common (47.4%). Most females were estrogen receptor (97.9%) and progesterone receptor positive (96.9%) with high Ki67 ≥ 20 (61.5%). Her2 neu positive presented 16.7%. Luminal A and luminal B presented 29.5% and 53.8%, respectively. Obese patients presented by far the majority (82.1%).
The median level of IL6 and IFγ was 56.20 ± 28.715 and 76.37 ± 41.54, respectively. IL6 was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.001), nodal involvement (P = >0.0001), the presence of metastasis (P = 0.008), and the stage (P = >0.0001). High level of IL6 was associated with positive estrogen receptor, Her2 neu positive, luminal A, and being obese (P = 0.09, 0.07, 0.06, and 0.05, respectively).
High IFγ was only associated with lower nodal burden being significantly higher in N1 than in N3 (118.15 ± 31.07 vs 76.37 ± 44.46, P = 0.01) and early stage (P = 0.02).
Conclusion
IL6 level was correlated to the initial staging, hormonal status, being Her2 positive, and obesity. The IFγ level was inversely correlated IL6 regarding the nodal status (P = 0.05).
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Cord blood levels of interleukin-10 decrease in neonates with increased birth weight: novel implications of the cytokine network in early obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2529-2537. [PMID: 33959818 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04104-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are associated with body weight alterations in children, adolescents, and adults. However, little is known regarding the role of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in birth weight of neonates. One hundred eighty-two infants were enrolled and divided in groups of normal birth weight (< 95th percentile) or increased birth weight (> 95th percentile) for gestational age. IL-10 and IFN-gamma levels were measured in umbilical cord tissue and blood of newborns by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The average value of birth weight in infants below and above the 95th percentile was 3.03±0.39 and 3.58±0.37 kg, respectively, and was independent of the mother's pre-gestational body mass index. The Student t test revealed that neonates with birth weights > 95th percentile show a significant 30% decrease in cord blood values of IL-10 as compared to infants with birth weights < 95th percentile (P<0.0001), with no significant changes in IFN-gamma levels (P=0.1661). Cord blood IL-10 was not of maternal origin but produced by umbilical cord tissue that showed less IL-10 expression in neonates with birth weights > 95th percentile than in infants with birth weights < 95th percentile (P=0.0252). Cord blood levels of IL-10 exhibited significant inverse correlations with birth weight (r = - 0.658, P=0.002) and INF-gamma (r = - 0.502, P=0.005).Conclusion: In conclusion, this work demonstrates for the first time that cord blood IL-10 decreases as birth weight increases in infants born at term and might help to improve early recognition of newborns at higher risk of developing obesity in childhood or adulthood. What is Known: • Reduction in interleukin-10 levels has been associated with obesity in adolescents and adults but not newborns. • The number of neonates with excess birth weight has alarmingly increased in the last 30 years. What is New: • We demonstrate that umbilical cord blood levels of interleukin-10 clearly decrease as birth weight increases. • Interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma integrate a cytokine network that might play a role in obesity in infants.
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D'Esposito V, Ambrosio MR, Liguoro D, Perruolo G, Lecce M, Cabaro S, Aprile M, Marino A, Pilone V, Forestieri P, Miele C, Bruzzese D, Terracciano D, Beguinot F, Formisano P. In severe obesity, subcutaneous adipose tissue cell-derived cytokines are early markers of impaired glucose tolerance and are modulated by quercetin. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1811-1820. [PMID: 33993191 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive adiposity provides an inflammatory environment. However, in people with severe obesity, how systemic and local adipose tissue (AT)-derived cytokines contribute to worsening glucose tolerance is not clear. METHODS Ninty-two severely obese (SO) individuals undergoing bariatric surgery were enrolled and subjected to detailed clinical phenotyping. Following an oral glucose tolerance test, participants were included in three groups, based on the presence of normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Serum and subcutaneous AT (SAT) biopsies were obtained and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated, characterized, and differentiated in adipocytes in vitro. TNFA and PPARG mRNA levels were determined by qRT-PCR. Circulating, adipocyte- and MSC-released cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed by multiplex ELISA. RESULTS Serum levels of IL-9, IL-13, and MIP-1β were increased in SO individuals with T2D, as compared with those with either IGT or NGT. At variance, SAT samples obtained from SO individuals with IGT displayed levels of TNFA which were threefold higher compared to those with NGT, but not different from those with T2D. Elevated levels of TNFα were also found in differentiated adipocytes, isolated from the SAT specimens of individuals with IGT and T2D, compared to those with NGT. Consistent with the pro-inflammatory milieu, IL-1β and IP-10 secretion was significantly higher in adipocytes from individuals with IGT and T2D. Moreover, increased levels of TNFα, both mRNA and secreted protein were detected in MSCs obtained from IGT and T2D, compared to NGT SO individuals. Exposure of T2D and IGT-derived MSCs to the anti-inflammatory flavonoid quercetin reduced TNFα levels and was paralleled by a significant decrease of the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION In severe obesity, enhanced SAT-derived inflammatory phenotype is an early step in the progression toward T2D and maybe, at least in part, attenuated by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria D'Esposito
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ambrosio
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Lecce
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso," CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Marino
- Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Forestieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT "Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy. .,Department of Translational Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Sexual Dimorphism in Changes That Occur in Tissues, Organs and Plasma during the Early Stages of Obesity Development. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080717. [PMID: 34439950 PMCID: PMC8389333 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a global health concern with numerous associated comorbidities. This study aims to provide a qualitative assessment of changes that may occur in tissues, organs, and plasma during the early stages of obesity development and how it may differ between male and female using a mouse model of diet induced obesity. Notable changes, not previously reported, were observed in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart, which may suggest early signs of developing an obesity associated comorbidity. Leptin levels with notable sexual dimorphisms changes significantly in early obesity and was observed to also correlate with insulin levels. Interestingly, males and females showed different inflammatory cytokine profiles with females exhibiting a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, notably the IL-6/IL-10 axis of cytokine regulation may account for their significantly lower weight gain compared to males. Thus, this study provides valuable information which may aid in understanding the development of some obesity associated diseases at the early stages and could assist in developing effective intervention strategies in males and females. Abstract Despite obesity being a major health concern, information on the early clinical changes that occur in plasma and tissues during obesity development and the influence of sexual dimorphism is lacking. This study investigated changes in tissue and organ histology, macrophage infiltration, plasma hormones, lipid, and chemokine and cytokine levels in mice fed on a high fat diet for 11-weeks. An increase in adiposity, accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration, was observed to be significantly greater in males than females. Important changes in cell morphology and histology were noted in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart, which may indicate early signs for developing obesity associated comorbidities. Leptin, but not adiponectin, was significantly altered during weight gain. Additionally, leptin, but not adiposity, correlated with insulin levels. Interestingly, GM-CSF, TNFα, and IL-12 (p70) were not produced in the early stages of obesity development. Meanwhile, the production of MCP-1, IP-10, RANTES, IL-10, IL-6, KC, and IL-9 were greatly influenced by sexual dimorphism. Importantly, IL-6/IL-10 axis of anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation was observed only in females and may account for their significantly lower weight gain compared to males. This study provides new knowledge on how sexual dimorphism may influence the development of obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Hao Y, Zhu YJ, Zou S, Zhou P, Hu YW, Zhao QX, Gu LN, Zhang HZ, Wang Z, Li J. Metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis: Mechanisms and Future Directions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711060. [PMID: 34367173 PMCID: PMC8343100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease with associated comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome (MetS) which contributes substantially to premature mortality in patients with psoriasis. However, the pathological mechanisms underlying this comorbidity are unclear. Studies have shown that the pathological parameters of psoriasis mediate the development of MetS. We reviewed the potential mechanisms which mediate the association between psoriasis and MetS, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine releases, excess production of reactive oxygen species, alterations in adipocytokine levels and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Here, we highlight important research questions regarding this association and offer insights into MetS research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhu
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zou
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Na Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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Mazloomi S, Sheikh N, Sanoee Farimani M, Pilehvari S. Association of Prx4, Total Oxidant Status, and Inflammatory Factors with Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9949753. [PMID: 34239559 PMCID: PMC8241524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9949753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress conditions have been reported in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) is a related antioxidant in insulin synthesis. We hypothesized that insulin resistance in these women is associated with total oxidant status (TOS) and inflammatory factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred three people including 104 PCOS patients and 99 healthy women, who were matched for age and body mass index (BMI), entered the study. Waist circumference of the participants was measured; serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, Prx4, TOS, hs-CRP, and TNF-α were also evaluated. RESULTS The Prx4 level was significantly lower in PCOS than in the control group. In addition, marked increase was observed in the concentration of TOS, hs-CRP, and TNF-α in PCOS, compared to the healthy women. There was a positive correlation of TOS with hs-CRP, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR. The risk of PCOS for subjects with high hs-CRP was 60 times greater than those who had low serum hs-CRP concentration; after performing multiple logistic regression analyses with the backward method, TNF-α was considered as an effective biomarker to predict PCOS β = 49.087 (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study identified increased oxidative stress and inflammation in PCOS; this may be due to decrease in the antioxidants, such as Prx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Mazloomi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sanoee Farimani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shamim Pilehvari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Gavini MP, Mahmood A, Belenchia AM, Beauparlant P, Kumar SA, Ardhanari S, DeMarco VG, Pulakat L. Suppression of Inflammatory Cardiac Cytokine Network in Rats with Untreated Obesity and Pre-Diabetes by AT2 Receptor Agonist NP-6A4. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:693167. [PMID: 34220518 PMCID: PMC8253363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.693167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects over 42% of the United States population and exacerbates heart disease, the leading cause of death in men and women. Obesity also increases pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause chronic tissue damage to vital organs. The standard-of-care does not sufficiently attenuate these inflammatory sequelae. Angiotensin II receptor AT2R is an anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective molecule; however, AT2R agonists are not used in the clinic to treat heart disease. NP-6A4 is a new AT2R peptide agonist with an FDA orphan drug designation for pediatric cardiomyopathy. NP-6A4 increases AT2R expression (mRNA and protein) and nitric oxide generation in human cardiovascular cells. AT2R-antagonist PD123319 and AT2RSiRNA suppress NP-6A4-effects indicating that NP-6A4 acts through AT2R. To determine whether NP-6A4 would mitigate cardiac damage from chronic inflammation induced by untreated obesity, we investigated the effects of 2-weeks NP-6A4 treatment (1.8 mg/kg delivered subcutaneously) on cardiac pathology of male Zucker obese (ZO) rats that display obesity, pre-diabetes and cardiac dysfunction. NP-6A4 attenuated cardiac diastolic and systolic dysfunction, cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, but increased myocardial capillary density. NP-6A4 treatment suppressed tubulointerstitial injury marker urinary β-NAG, and liver injury marker alkaline phosphatase in serum. These protective effects of NP-6A4 occurred in the presence of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, and without modulating blood pressure. NP-6A4 increased expression of AT2R (consistent with human cells) and cardioprotective erythropoietin (EPO) and Notch1 in ZO rat heart, but suppressed nineteen inflammatory cytokines. Cardiac miRNA profiling and in silico analysis showed that NP-6A4 activated a unique miRNA network that may regulate expression of AT2R, EPO, Notch1 and inflammatory cytokines, and mitigate cardiac pathology. Seventeen pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines that increase during lethal cytokine storms caused by infections such as COVID-19 were among the cytokines suppressed by NP-6A4 treatment in ZO rat heart. Thus, NP-6A4 activates a novel anti-inflammatory network comprised of 21 proteins in the heart that was not reported previously. Since NP-6A4's unique mode of action suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine network and attenuates myocardial damage, it can be an ideal adjuvant drug with other anti-glycemic, anti-hypertensive, standard-of-care drugs to protect the heart tissues from pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokine attack induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abuzar Mahmood
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Anthony M Belenchia
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Paige Beauparlant
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | | | | | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Lakshmi Pulakat
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.,Tufts Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Bogdanov IV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Ziganshin RH, Ovchinnikova TV. Investigation of Sensitization Potential of the Soybean Allergen Gly m 4 by Using Caco-2/Immune Cells Co-Culture Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062058. [PMID: 34208504 PMCID: PMC8234232 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The soybean allergen Gly m 4 is known to cause severe allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, unlike other Bet v 1 homologues, which induce mainly local allergic reactions. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the food Bet v 1 homologue Gly m 4 can be a sensitizer of the immune system. Susceptibility to gastrointestinal digestion was assessed in vitro. Transport through intestinal epithelium was estimated using the Caco-2 monolayer. Cytokine response of different immunocompetent cells was evaluated by using Caco-2/Immune cells co-culture model. Absolute levels of 48 cytokines were measured by multiplex xMAP technology. It was shown that Gly m 4 can cross the epithelial barrier with a moderate rate and then induce production of IL-4 by mature dendritic cells in vitro. Although Gly m 4 was shown to be susceptible to gastrointestinal enzymes, some of its proteolytic fragments can selectively cross the epithelial barrier and induce production of Th2-polarizing IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, which may point at the presence of the T-cell epitope among the crossed fragments. Our current data indicate that Gly m 4 can potentially be a sensitizer of the immune system, and intercommunication between immunocompetent and epithelial cells may play a key role in the sensitization process.
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Raglan O, MacIntyre DA, Mitra A, Lee YS, Smith A, Assi N, Nautiyal J, Purkayastha S, Gunter MJ, Gabra H, Marchesi JR, Bennett PR, Kyrgiou M. The association between obesity and weight loss after bariatric surgery on the vaginal microbiota. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:124. [PMID: 34049596 PMCID: PMC8164250 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and vaginal microbiome (VMB) dysbiosis are each risk factors for adverse reproductive and oncological health outcomes in women. Here, we investigated the relationship between obesity, vaginal bacterial composition, local inflammation and bariatric surgery. METHODS Vaginal bacterial composition assessed by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and local cytokine levels measured using a multiplexed Magnetic Luminex Screening Assay were compared between 67 obese and 42 non-obese women. We further assessed temporal changes in the microbiota and cytokines in a subset of 27 women who underwent bariatric surgery. RESULTS The bacterial component of the vaginal microbiota in obese women was characterised by a lower prevalence of a Lactobacillus-dominant VMB and higher prevalence of a high diversity (Lactobacillus spp., and Gardnerella- spp. depleted) VMB, compared with non-obese subjects (p<0.001). Obese women had higher relative abundance of Dialister species (p<0.001), Anaerococcus vaginalis (p=0.021), and Prevotella timonensis (p=0.020) and decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus (p=0.014). Local vaginal IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, MIP-1α and TNFα levels were all higher among obese women, however, only IL-1β and IL-8 correlated with VMB species diversity. In a subset of obese women undergoing bariatric surgery, there were no significant overall differences in VMB following surgery; however, 75% of these women remained obese at 6 months. Prior to surgery, there was no relationship between body mass index (BMI) and VMB structure; however, post-surgery women with a Lactobacillus-dominant VMB had a significantly lower BMI than those with a high diversity VMB. CONCLUSIONS Obese women have a significantly different vaginal microbiota composition with increased levels of local inflammation compared to non-obese women. Bariatric surgery does not change the VMB; however, those with the greatest weight loss 6-month post-surgery are most likely to have a Lactobacillus-dominant VMB. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Raglan
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, W12 OHS London, UK
| | - David A. MacIntyre
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Anita Mitra
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, W12 OHS London, UK
| | - Yun S. Lee
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Ann Smith
- Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS UK
| | - Nada Assi
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Sanjay Purkayastha
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, W2 1NY London, UK
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France
| | - Hani Gabra
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Julian R. Marchesi
- March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College London, South Wharf Road, London, W2 1NY UK
| | - Phillip R. Bennett
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, W12 OHS London, UK
- March of Dimes European Prematurity Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN UK
| | - Maria Kyrgiou
- IRDB, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
- Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea-Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, W12 OHS London, UK
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125
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Gum Arabic modifies anti-inflammatory cytokine in mice fed with high fat diet induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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126
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Inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction indices among Egyptian females with obesity classes I-III. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226342. [PMID: 32893859 PMCID: PMC7507597 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is an alarming threat to health in Egypt. More than one in three Egyptians is obese, the highest rate in the world. We aimed to delineate the variability of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers among Egyptian females with different obesity classes. Methods: Out of 130 females, 70 were categorized into three obesity groups: Class I, body mass index (BMI) 30–34.9 kg/m2; Class II, BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2 and Class III BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, besides 60 control subjects. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6), IL-12, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) were assessed among participants. Results: In all three classes of obesity, significant increase (P <0.05) in BMI, waist-hip ratio, fat mass and body fat mass % were noted. CRP and sVCAM-1 levels were increased among the three obesity groups. TNF-α levels were increased in class II and III obesity groups. IL-6 and IL-12 levels were elevated in class I and class III groups. While, ICAM-1 levels were increased in class III obesity group. Conclusion: Based on individuals’ BMI, serum levels of TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-12, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 are differentially altered with the progression of obesity. We strongly support the hypothesis that, as the obesity rate is still mounting, a subclinical inflammatory reaction has a role in pathogenesis of obesity and emphasize the elevation of endothelial dysfunction in individuals with obesity.
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127
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Sun AR, Wu X, Crawford R, Li H, Mei L, Luo Y, Xiao Y, Mao X, Prasadam I. Effects of Diet Induced Weight Reduction on Cartilage Pathology and Inflammatory Mediators in the Joint Tissues. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:628843. [PMID: 33829022 PMCID: PMC8019705 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.628843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic diets contribute to the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) by altering systemic and local metabolic inflammation. Yet, it remains unclear how quickly and reproducibly the body responds to weight loss strategies and improve OA. In this study we tested whether switching obese diet to a normal chow diet can mitigate the detrimental effects of inflammatory pathways that contribute to OA pathology. Male C57BL/6 mice were first fed with obesogenic diet (high fat diet) and switched to normal chow diet (obese diet → normal diet) or continued obese diet or normal diet throughout the experiment. A mouse model of OA was induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model into the knee joint. Outcome measures included changes in metabolic factors such as glucose, insulin, lipid, and serum cytokines levels. Inflammation in synovial biopsies was scored and inflammation was determined using FACs sorted macrophages. Cartilage degeneration was monitored using histopathology. Our results indicate, dietary switching (obese diet → normal diet) reduced body weight and restored metabolic parameters and showed less synovial tissue inflammation. Systemic blood concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α, IL-6, IL-12p40, and IL-17 were decreased, and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were increased in dietary switch group compared to mice that were fed with obesogenic diet continuously. Although obese diet worsens the cartilage degeneration in DMM OA model, weight loss induced by dietary switch does not promote the histopathological changes of OA during this study period. Collectively, these data demonstrate that switching obesogenic diet to normal improved metabolic syndrome symptoms and can modulate both systemic and synovium inflammation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia RuJia Sun
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ross Crawford
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Orthopedic Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hongxing Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xinzhan Mao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Indira Prasadam
- School of Mechanical, Medical, and Process Engineering, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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128
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Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Silenzi A, Giovannini C, Masella R. Obesity-Associated Inflammation: Does Curcumin Exert a Beneficial Role? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031021. [PMID: 33809891 PMCID: PMC8004232 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenol, isolated from the plant turmeric of Curcuma longa. Curcuma longa has always been used in traditional medicine in Asian countries because it is believed to have numerous health benefits. Nowadays it is widely used as spice component and in emerging nutraceutical food worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin possesses, among others, potential anti-inflammatory properties. Obesity represents a main risk factor for several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. The establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammation, both systemically and locally in adipose tissue, occurring in obesity most likely represents a main factor in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the onset of the obesity-associated inflammation are different from those involved in the classic inflammatory response caused by infections and involves different signaling pathways. The inflammatory process in obese people is triggered by an inadequate intake of nutrients that produces quantitative and qualitative alterations of adipose tissue lipid content, as well as of various molecules that act as endogenous ligands to activate immune cells. In particular, dysfunctional adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the adipocytokines, able to recruit immune cells into adipose tissue, amplifying the inflammatory response also at systemic level. This review summarizes the most recent studies focused at elucidating the molecular targets of curcumin activity responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties in obesity-associated inflammation and related pathologies.
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129
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Patsalos O, Keeler J, Schmidt U, Penninx BWJH, Young AH, Himmerich H. Diet, Obesity, and Depression: A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:176. [PMID: 33802480 PMCID: PMC7999659 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and depression co-occur in a significant proportion of the population. Mechanisms linking the two disorders include the immune and the endocrine system, psychological and social mechanisms. The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain whether weight loss through dietary interventions has the additional effect of ameliorating depressive symptoms in obese patients. METHODS We systematically searched three databases (Pubmed, Medline, Embase) for longitudinal clinical trials testing a dietary intervention in people with obesity and depression or symptoms of depression. RESULTS Twenty-four longitudinal clinical studies met the eligibility criteria with a total of 3244 included patients. Seventeen studies examined the effects of calorie-restricted diets and eight studies examined dietary supplements (two studies examined both). Only three studies examined people with a diagnosis of both obesity and depression. The majority of studies showed that interventions using a calorie-restricted diet resulted in decreases in depression scores, with effect sizes between ≈0.2 and ≈0.6. The results were less clear for dietary supplements. CONCLUSIONS People with obesity and depression appear to be a specific subgroup of depressed patients in which calorie-restricted diets might constitute a promising personalized treatment approach. The reduction of depressive symptoms may be related to immunoendocrine and psychosocial mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Patsalos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (O.P.); (J.K.); (U.S.); (A.H.Y.)
| | - Johanna Keeler
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (O.P.); (J.K.); (U.S.); (A.H.Y.)
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (O.P.); (J.K.); (U.S.); (A.H.Y.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (O.P.); (J.K.); (U.S.); (A.H.Y.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Hubertus Himmerich
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK; (O.P.); (J.K.); (U.S.); (A.H.Y.)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AZ, UK
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130
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Pang Y, Kartsonaki C, Lv J, Fairhurst-Hunter Z, Millwood IY, Yu C, Guo Y, Chen Y, Bian Z, Yang L, Chen J, Clarke R, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Li L, Chen Z. Associations of Adiposity, Circulating Protein Biomarkers, and Risk of Major Vascular Diseases. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:276-286. [PMID: 33263724 PMCID: PMC7711564 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Question Is adiposity associated with differences in circulating protein concentrations, and might these proteins potentially explain the associations of adiposity with risk of cardiovascular disease? Findings In a cohort study of 628 individuals in China, there was evidence of genetic associations of body mass index with protein biomarkers consistent with observational associations, particularly for interleukin-6, interleukin-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein–1, monocyte chemotactic protein–3, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and hepatocyte growth factor. Several of these proteins were observationally associated with risk of incident cardiovascular disease. Meaning In this study of Chinese adults, adiposity was associated both cross-sectionally and through genetic analyses with a range of protein biomarkers, which might partly explain the association between adiposity and cardiovascular disease. Importance Obesity is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about the role that circulating protein biomarkers play in this association. Objective To examine the observational and genetic associations of adiposity with circulating protein biomarkers and the observational associations of proteins with incident CVD. Design, Setting, and Participants This subcohort study included 628 participants from the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank who did not have a history of cancer at baseline. The Olink platform measured 92 protein markers in baseline plasma samples. Data were collected from June 2004 to January 2016 and analyzed from January 2019 to June 2020. Exposures Measured body mass index (BMI) obtained during the baseline survey and genetically instrumented BMI derived using 571 externally weighted single-nucleotide variants. Main Outcomes and Measures Cross-sectional associations of adiposity with biomarkers were examined using linear regression. Associations of biomarkers with CVD risk were assessed using Cox regression among those without prior cancer or CVD at baseline. Mendelian randomization was conducted to derive genetically estimated associations of BMI with biomarkers. Findings In observational analyses of 628 individuals (mean [SD] age, 52.2 [10.5] years; 385 women [61.3%]), BMI (mean [SD], 23.9 [3.6]) was positively associated with 27 proteins (per 1-SD higher BMI; eg, interleukin-6: 0.21 [95% CI, 0.12-0.29] SD; interleukin-18: 0.13 [95% CI, 0.05-0.21] SD; monocyte chemoattractant protein–1: 0.12 [95% CI, 0.04-0.20] SD; hepatocyte growth factor: 0.31 [95% CI, 0.24-0.39] SD), and inversely with 3 proteins (Fas ligand: −0.11 [95% CI, −0.19 to −0.03] SD; TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis, −0.14 [95% CI, −0.23 to −0.06] SD; and carbonic anhydrase 9: (−0.14 [95% CI, −0.22 to −0.05] SD), with similar associations identified for other adiposity traits (eg, waist circumference [r = 0.96]). In mendelian randomization, the associations of genetically elevated BMI with specific proteins were directionally consistent with the observational associations. In meta-analyses of genetically elevated BMI with 8 proteins, combining present estimates with previous studies, the most robust associations were shown for interleukin-6 (per 1-SD higher BMI; 0.21 [95% CI, 0.13-0.29] SD), interleukin-18 (0.16 [95% CI, 0.06-0.26] SD), monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (0.21 [95% CI, 0.11-0.30] SD), monocyte chemotactic protein–3 (0.12 [95% CI, 0.03-0.21] SD), TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (0.23 [95% CI, 0.13-0.32] SD), and hepatocyte growth factor (0.14 [95% CI, 0.06-0.22] SD). Of the 30 BMI-associated biomarkers, 10 (including interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and hepatocyte growth factor) were nominally associated with incident CVD. Conclusions and Relevance Mendelian randomization shows adiposity to be associated with a range of protein biomarkers, with some biomarkers also showing association with CVD risk. Future studies are warranted to validate these findings and assess whether proteins may be mediators between adiposity and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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131
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O'Hearn M, Liu J, Cudhea F, Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations Attributable to Cardiometabolic Conditions in the United States: A Comparative Risk Assessment Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019259. [PMID: 33629868 PMCID: PMC8174244 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization is robustly linked to cardiometabolic health. We estimated the absolute and proportional COVID-19 hospitalizations in US adults attributable to 4 major US cardiometabolic conditions, separately and jointly, and by race/ethnicity, age, and sex. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the best available estimates of independent associations of cardiometabolic conditions with a risk of COVID-19 hospitalization; nationally representative data on cardiometabolic conditions from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015 to 2018; and US COVID-19 hospitalizations stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network database and from the COVID Tracking Project to estimate the numbers and proportions of COVID-19 hospitalizations attributable to diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and heart failure. Inputs were combined in a comparative risk assessment framework, with probabilistic sensitivity analyses and 1000 Monte Carlo simulations to jointly incorporate stratum-specific uncertainties in data inputs. As of November 18, 2020, an estimated 906 849 COVID-19 hospitalizations occurred in US adults. Of these, an estimated 20.5% (95% uncertainty interval [UIs], 18.9-22.1) of COVID-19 hospitalizations were attributable to diabetes mellitus, 30.2% (UI, 28.2-32.3) to total obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), 26.2% (UI, 24.3-28.3) to hypertension, and 11.7% (UI, 9.5-14.1) to heart failure. Considered jointly, 63.5% (UI, 61.6-65.4) or 575 419 (UI, 559 072-593 412) of COVID-19 hospitalizations were attributable to these 4 conditions. Large differences were seen in proportions of cardiometabolic risk-attributable COVID-19 hospitalizations by age and race/ethnicity, with smaller differences by sex. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of US COVID-19 hospitalizations appear attributable to major cardiometabolic conditions. These results can help inform public health prevention strategies to reduce COVID-19 healthcare burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan O'Hearn
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA.,Population Health Science and Policy Icahn School of Medicine Mount Sinai NY
| | - Frederick Cudhea
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts University Boston MA
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Spence T, Allsopp PJ, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, Strain JJ, McSorley EM. Maternal Serum Cytokine Concentrations in Healthy Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. J Pregnancy 2021; 2021:6649608. [PMID: 33680514 PMCID: PMC7925069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6649608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal immune response is essential for successful pregnancy, promoting immune tolerance to the fetus while maintaining innate and adaptive immunity. Uncontrolled, increased proinflammatory responses are a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The Th1/Th2 cytokine shift theory, characterised by bias production of Th2 anti-inflammatory cytokine midgestation, was frequently used to reflect the maternal immune response in pregnancy. This theory is simplistic as it is based on limited information and does not consider the role of other T cell subsets, Th17 and Tregs. A range of maternal peripheral cytokines have been measured in pregnancy cohorts, albeit the changes in individual cytokine concentrations across gestation is not well summarised. Using available data, this review was aimed at summarising changes in individual maternal serum cytokine concentrations throughout healthy pregnancy and evaluating their association with preeclampsia. We report that TNF-α increases as pregnancy progresses, IL-8 decreases in the second trimester, and IL-4 concentrations remain consistent throughout gestation. Lower second trimester IL-10 concentrations may be an early predictor for developing preeclampsia. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, and IL-6) are significantly elevated in preeclampsia. More research is required to determine the usefulness of using cytokines, particularly IL-10, as early biomarkers of pregnancy health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Spence
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip J. Allsopp
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison J. Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maria S. Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emeir M. McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Roohi E, Jaafari N, Hashemian F. On inflammatory hypothesis of depression: what is the role of IL-6 in the middle of the chaos? J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 33593388 PMCID: PMC7884972 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are reported to have higher levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6). Recent studies both pre-clinical and clinical have advocated for the functional role of IL-6 in development of MDD and suggested a great potential for targeting this cytokine to open new avenues in pharmacotherapy of depression. The purpose of the present narrative review was to provide an integrated account of how IL-6 may contribute to development of depression. All peer-reviewed journal articles published before July 2020 for each area discussed were searched by WOS, PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, for original research, review articles, and book chapters. Publications between 1980 and July 2020 were included. Alterations in IL-6 levels, both within the periphery and the brain, most probably contribute to depression symptomatology in numerous ways. As IL-6 acts on multiple differing target tissues throughout the body, dysregulation of this particular cytokine can precipitate a multitude of events relevant to depression and blocking its effects can prevent further escalation of inflammatory responses, and potentially pave the way for opening new avenues in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Roohi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99 Yakhchal Street, Shariati Avenue, Tehran, 1941933111, Iran
| | - Nematollah Jaafari
- Université de Poitiers, Unité de recherche clinique intersectorielle Pierre Deniker du Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit F-86022 France, Groupement De Recherche CNRS 3557, Poitiers, France
| | - Farshad Hashemian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, No. 99 Yakhchal Street, Shariati Avenue, Tehran, 1941933111, Iran.
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Balasubramanian P, Kiss T, Tarantini S, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Ahire C, Yabluchanskiy A, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Tabak A, Institoris A, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Obesity-induced cognitive impairment in older adults: a microvascular perspective. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H740-H761. [PMID: 33337961 PMCID: PMC8091942 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00736.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over two-thirds of individuals aged 65 and older are obese or overweight in the United States. Epidemiological data show an association between the degree of adiposity and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. In this review, the pathophysiological roles of microvascular mechanisms, including impaired endothelial function and neurovascular coupling responses, microvascular rarefaction, and blood-brain barrier disruption in the genesis of cognitive impairment in geriatric obesity are considered. The potential contribution of adipose-derived factors and fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of senescence to exacerbated obesity-induced cerebromicrovascular impairment and cognitive decline in aging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, the Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chetan Ahire
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Tabak
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Institoris
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Departments of Medical Physics and Informatics & Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, the Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Mathur N, Mehdi SF, Anipindi M, Aziz M, Khan SA, Kondakindi H, Lowell B, Wang P, Roth J. Ghrelin as an Anti-Sepsis Peptide: Review. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610363. [PMID: 33584688 PMCID: PMC7876230 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis continues to produce widespread inflammation, illness, and death, prompting intensive research aimed at uncovering causes and therapies. In this article, we focus on ghrelin, an endogenous peptide with promise as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Ghrelin was discovered, tracked, and isolated from stomach cells based on its ability to stimulate release of growth hormone. It also stimulates appetite and is shown to be anti-inflammatory in a wide range of tissues. The anti-inflammatory effects mediated by ghrelin are a result of both the stimulation of anti-inflammatory processes and an inhibition of pro-inflammatory forces. Anti-inflammatory processes are promoted in a broad range of tissues including the hypothalamus and vagus nerve as well as in a broad range of immune cells. Aged rodents have reduced levels of growth hormone (GH) and diminished immune responses; ghrelin administration boosts GH levels and immune response. The anti-inflammatory functions of ghrelin, well displayed in preclinical animal models of sepsis, are just being charted in patients, with expectations that ghrelin and growth hormone might improve outcomes in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Mathur
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Syed F. Mehdi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Manasa Anipindi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Sawleha A. Khan
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Hema Kondakindi
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Barbara Lowell
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jesse Roth
- Laboratory of Diabetes, Obesity, and Other Metabolic Disorders, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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136
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Chesnut WM, MacDonald S, Wambier CG. Could diet and exercise reduce risk of COVID-19 syndemic? Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110502. [PMID: 33529978 PMCID: PMC7830305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a hypothesis for increased sugar consumption and a lack of physical exercise as possible determinants of COVID-19 disease severity by impaired glucose metabolism, concurring into a syndemic. National data demonstrate that increased sugar consumption, a high daily caloric intake, and low levels of daily physical activity are independently associated with COVID-19 mortality. Further, genetic factors such as variations in the androgen receptor may compound the effects of an unhealthy lifestyle and increase the risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms in some patients. A diet high in sugar in combination with a low level of physical activity may increase blood glucose levels and impair glucose metabolism. Recent data show that patients admitted to the hospital with high levels of fasting blood glucose are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 symptoms. Moreover, elevated glucose levels resulted in increased SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in vitro. We believe that healthier habits of diet and exercise, by improving glucose homeostasis could modulate the individual risk of severe COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott MacDonald
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, RI, United States
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137
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Ly M, Raji CA, Yu GZ, Wang Q, Wang Y, Schindler SE, An H, Samara A, Eisenstein SA, Hershey T, Smith G, Klein S, Liu J, Xiong C, Ances BM, Morris JC, Benzinger TLS. Obesity and White Matter Neuroinflammation Related Edema in Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Biomarker Negative Cognitively Normal Individuals. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:1801-1811. [PMID: 33459647 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is related to quantitative neuroimaging abnormalities including reduced gray matter volumes and impaired white matter microstructural integrity, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We assessed influence of obesity on neuroinflammation imaging that may mediate brain morphometric changes. Establishing the role of neuroinflammation in obesity will enhance understanding of this modifiable disorder as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. METHODS We analyzed brain MRIs from 104 cognitively normal participants (CDR = 0) and biomarker negativity for CSF amyloid or tau. We classified body mass index (BMI) as normal (BMI <25, N = 62) or overweight and obese (BMI ≥25, N = 42). Blood pressure was measured. BMI and blood pressure classifications were related to neuroinflammation imaging (NII) derived edema fraction in 17 white matter tracts. This metric was also correlated to hippocampal volumes and CSF biomarkers of inflammation and neurodegeneration: YKL-40, SNAP25, VILIP, tau, and NFL. RESULTS Participants with BMI <25 had lower NII-derived edema fraction, with protective effects of normal blood pressure. Statistically significant white matter tracts included the internal capsule, external capsule, and corona radiata, FDR correc-ted for multiple comparisons to alpha = 0.05. Higher NII-derived edema fractions in the internal capsule, corpus callosum, gyrus, and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus were related with smaller hippocampal volumes only in individuals with BMI ≥25. There were no statistically significant correlations between NII-derived edema fraction and CSF biomarkers. CONCLUSION We demonstrate statistically significant relationships between neuroinflammation, elevated BMI, and hippocampal volume, raising implications for neuroinflammation mechanisms of obesity-related brain dysfunction in cognitively normal elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ly
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cyrus A Raji
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary Z Yu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Scientist Training Program, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne E Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongyu An
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amjad Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah A Eisenstein
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gordon Smith
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beau M Ances
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tammie L S Benzinger
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Zhou H, Peng X, Hu J, Wang L, Luo H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li G, Ji Y, Zhang J, Bai J, Liu M, Zhou Z, Liu F. DsbA-L deficiency in T cells promotes diet-induced thermogenesis through suppressing IFN-γ production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:326. [PMID: 33436607 PMCID: PMC7804451 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-resident T cells have been recognized as a critical regulator of thermogenesis and energy expenditure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding greatly suppresses the expression of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), a mitochondria-localized chaperone protein, in adipose-resident T cells, which correlates with reduced T cell mitochondrial function. T cell-specific knockout of DsbA-L enhances diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and protects mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, DsbA-L deficiency in T cells reduces IFN-γ production and activates protein kinase A by reducing phosphodiesterase-4D expression, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism by which T cells communicate with brown adipocytes to regulate BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis. Our findings highlight a therapeutic potential of targeting T cells for the treatment of over nutrition-induced obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Feeding Behavior
- Glutathione Transferase/deficiency
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Interferon-gamma/administration & dosage
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Thermogenesis/drug effects
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xinyi Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liwen Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yacheng Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guobao Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujiao Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juli Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Jakab J, Miškić B, Mikšić Š, Juranić B, Ćosić V, Schwarz D, Včev A. Adipogenesis as a Potential Anti-Obesity Target: A Review of Pharmacological Treatment and Natural Products. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:67-83. [PMID: 33447066 PMCID: PMC7802907 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s281186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a severe threat to overall human health and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal expansion of white adipose tissue involves increasing the existing adipocytes' cell size or increasing the number through the differentiation of new adipocytes. Adipogenesis is a process of proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells in mature adipocytes. As a key process in determining the number of adipocytes, it is a possible therapeutic approach for obesity. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis that could serve as suitable therapeutic targets. Reducing bodyweight is regarded as a major health benefit. Limited efficacy and possible side effects and drug interactions of available anti-obesity treatment highlight a constant need for finding novel efficient and safe anti-obesity ingredients. Numerous studies have recently investigated the inhibitory effects of natural products on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. Possible anti-obesity effects of natural products include the induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest or delayed progression, and interference with transcription factor cascade or intracellular signaling pathways during the early phase of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jakab
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: Jelena Jakab Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, Osijek31 000, CroatiaTel +385 91 224 1502 Email
| | - Blaženka Miškić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital “Dr. Josip Benčević”, Slavonski Brod, Croatia
| | - Štefica Mikšić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Brankica Juranić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vesna Ćosić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dragan Schwarz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Special Hospital Radiochirurgia Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Cai L, Li C, Wang Y, Mo Y, Yin J, Ma X. Increased Serum GDF15 Related to Improvement in Metabolism by Lifestyle Intervention Among Young Overweight and Obese Adults. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1195-1202. [PMID: 33762836 PMCID: PMC7982551 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s302033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is closely related to obesity. This study aimed to explore the influence of weight loss intervention on serum GDF15 levels and the relationship between GDF15 and metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four overweight and obese adults either adopted a low-carbohydrate diet or performed moderate-to-vigorous exercise for 3 weeks. Weekly follow-ups were conducted to measure body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism and serum GDF15 levels. RESULTS After 3 weeks of intervention, body weight, fat mass and waist circumference in both groups decreased (P < 0.05). No significant change in GDF15 levels was observed in the two groups. Among all the subjects, 10 of them (22.7%, group of Down) showed a decrease in GDF15 and 34 (77.3%, group of Up) showed an increase in GDF15 after the intervention. We found that GDF15 increased significantly with the follow-up time in the UP group and waist circumference, fasting serum insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and triglycerides (TG) decreased (P for trend <0.05). However, no significant differences in all parameters were detected in Down group. In addition, GDF15 was elevated between 30 mins and 120 mins in a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Its trend was negatively correlated with plasma glucose and serum insulin. CONCLUSION Increased serum GDF15 was associated with improvement in metabolism by lifestyle intervention among young overweight and obese adults. The increase of GDF15 could be an indicator to evaluate metabolic improvements in overweight and obese people. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.chictr.org.cn, registration number ChiCTR1800016786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Yin; Xiaojing Ma Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-64369181Fax +86-21-64368031 Email ;
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Ferrari F, Martins VM, Teixeira M, Santos RD, Stein R. COVID-19 and Thromboinflammation: Is There a Role for Statins? Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2518. [PMID: 33787678 PMCID: PMC7955154 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed increased morbidity and mortality rates and worse prognosis in individuals with underlying chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular disease and its risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. There is also evidence of possible links among COVID-19, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Emerging evidence suggests a pro-inflammatory milieu and hypercoagulable state in patients with this infection. Despite anticoagulation, a large proportion of patients requiring intensive care may develop life-threatening thrombotic complications. Indeed, the levels of some markers of hemostatic activation, such as D-dimer, are commonly elevated in COVID-19, indicating potential risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. In this review, we critically examine and discuss aspects of hypercoagulability and inflammation in COVID-19 and the possible benefits of statins in this scenario, with emphasis on their underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we present recommendations on the use of antiviral drugs in combination with statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ferrari
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Cardiologia e Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | | | - Marcelo Teixeira
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Cardiologia e Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
| | - Raul D. Santos
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Unidade Clinica de Lipides, Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ricardo Stein
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Cardiologia e Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Gao B, Yang C, Liu J, Zhou X. Accurate genetic and environmental covariance estimation with composite likelihood in genome-wide association studies. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009293. [PMID: 33395406 PMCID: PMC7808654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and environmental covariances between pairs of complex traits are important quantitative measurements that characterize their shared genetic and environmental architectures. Accurate estimation of genetic and environmental covariances in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) can help us identify common genetic and environmental factors associated with both traits and facilitate the investigation of their causal relationship. Genetic and environmental covariances are often modeled through multivariate linear mixed models. Existing algorithms for covariance estimation include the traditional restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method and the recent method of moments (MoM). Compared to REML, MoM approaches are computationally efficient and require only GWAS summary statistics. However, MoM approaches can be statistically inefficient, often yielding inaccurate covariance estimates. In addition, existing MoM approaches have so far focused on estimating genetic covariance and have largely ignored environmental covariance estimation. Here we introduce a new computational method, GECKO, for estimating both genetic and environmental covariances, that improves the estimation accuracy of MoM while keeping computation in check. GECKO is based on composite likelihood, relies on only summary statistics for scalable computation, provides accurate genetic and environmental covariance estimates across a range of scenarios, and can accommodate SNP annotation stratified covariance estimation. We illustrate the benefits of GECKO through simulations and applications on analyzing 22 traits from five large-scale GWASs. In the real data applications, GECKO identified 50 significant genetic covariances among analyzed trait pairs, resulting in a twofold power gain compared to the previous MoM method LDSC. In addition, GECKO identified 20 significant environmental covariances. The ability of GECKO to estimate environmental covariance in addition to genetic covariance helps us reveal strong positive correlation between the genetic and environmental covariance estimates across trait pairs, suggesting that common pathways may underlie the shared genetic and environmental architectures between traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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143
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Yawoot N, Govitrapong P, Tocharus C, Tocharus J. Ischemic stroke, obesity, and the anti-inflammatory role of melatonin. Biofactors 2021; 47:41-58. [PMID: 33135223 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a predominant risk factor in ischemic stroke and is commonly comorbid with it. Pathologies following these conditions are associated with systemic and local inflammation. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the susceptibility for ischemic brain damage increases substantially in experimental models of ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity. Herein, we explore the proinflammatory events that occur during ischemic stroke and obesity, and we discuss the influence of obesity on the inflammatory response and cerebral damage outcomes in experimental models of brain ischemia. In addition, because melatonin is a neurohormone widely reported to exhibit protective effects in various diseases, this study also demonstrates the anti-inflammatory role and possible mechanistic actions of melatonin in both epidemic diseases. A summary of research findings suggests that melatonin administration has great potential to exert an anti-inflammatory role and provide protection against obesity and ischemic stroke conditions. However, the efficacy of this hormonal treatment on ischemic stroke with concomitant obesity, when more serious inflammation is generated, is still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttapong Yawoot
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Functional Food Research Center for Well-being, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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144
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present biological and psychological factors implicated in psychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, as well as its neuroinvasive capability and immune pathophysiology. RECENT FINDINGS Preexisting mental illness leads to worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19. The presence of the virus was reported in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue post-mortem. Most common psychiatric manifestations include delirium, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. "Long-COVID" non-syndromal presentations include "brain-fogginess," autonomic instability, fatigue, and insomnia. SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger prior vulnerabilities based on the priming of microglia and other cells, induced or perpetuated by aging and mental and physical illnesses. COVID-19 could further induce priming of neuroimmunological substrates leading to exacerbated immune response and autoimmunity targeting structures in the central nervous system (CNS), in response to minor immune activating environmental exposures, including stress, minor infections, allergens, pollutants, and traumatic brain injury.
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145
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Bae HR, Choi MS, Kim S, Young HA, Gershwin ME, Jeon SM, Kwon EY. IFNγ is a Key Link between Obesity and Th1-Mediated AutoImmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010208. [PMID: 33379198 PMCID: PMC7794719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a characteristic of metabolic syndrome, is also associated with chronic inflammation and the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the relationship between obesity and autoimmune diseases remains to be investigated in depth. Here, we compared hepatic gene expression profiles among high-fat diet (HFD) mice using the primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) mouse model based on the chronic expression of interferon gamma (IFNγ) (ARE-Del-/- mice). The top differentially expressed genes affected by upstream transcriptional regulators IFNγ, LPS, and TNFα displayed an overlap in HFD and ARE-Del-/- mice, indicating that obesity-induced liver inflammation may be dependent on signaling via IFNγ. The top pathways altered in HFD mice were mostly involved in the innate immune responses, which overlapped with ARE-Del-/- mice. In contrast, T cell-mediated signaling pathways were exclusively altered in ARE-Del-/- mice. We further evaluated the therapeutic effect of luteolin, known as anti-inflammatory flavonoid, in HFD and ARE-Del-/- mice. Luteolin strongly suppressed the MHC I and II antigen presentation pathways, which were highly activated in both HFD and ARE-Del-/- mice. Conversely, luteolin increased metabolic processes of fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in the liver, which were suppressed in ARE-Del-/- mice. Luteolin also strongly induced PPAR signaling, which was downregulated in HFD and ARE-Del-/- mice. Using human GWAS data, we characterized the genetic interaction between significant obesity-related genes and IFNγ signaling and demonstrated that IFNγ is crucial for obesity-mediated inflammatory responses. Collectively, this study improves our mechanistic understanding of the relationship between obesity and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, it provides new methodological insights into how immune network-based analyses effectively integrate RNA-seq and microarray data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyong R. Bae
- Omixplus, LLC., Gaithersburg, MD 20885, USA; (H.R.B.); (S.K.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Suntae Kim
- Omixplus, LLC., Gaithersburg, MD 20885, USA; (H.R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Howard A. Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701, USA;
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Seon-Min Jeon
- R&D Center, APtechnologies Corp., Gyeonggi-do, Hwaseong-si 18469, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-M.J.); (E.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7936 (S.-M.J.); +82-53-950-6231 (E.-Y.K.)
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-M.J.); (E.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-53-950-7936 (S.-M.J.); +82-53-950-6231 (E.-Y.K.)
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146
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Inflammatory Response, a Key Pathophysiological Mechanism of Obesity-Induced Depression. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8893892. [PMID: 33299381 PMCID: PMC7707993 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8893892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the acceleration of life rhythm and the increase of social competition, the incidence of obesity and depression has been increasing, which has seriously affected the quality of life and health of people. Obesity and depression, two seemingly unrelated physical and psychological diseases, in fact, are closely related: obese people are more likely to have depression than nonobese ones. We have reviewed and analyzed the relevant research literature and found that the inflammatory response plays a key role in obesity-induced depression. This article will discuss in detail the inflammatory mechanisms by which obesity induces depression.
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147
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Abu N, Othman N, Ab Razak NS, Bakarurraini NAAR, Nasir SN, Soh JEC, Mazlan L, Azman ZAM, Jamal R. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564648. [PMID: 33324632 PMCID: PMC7726136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norahayu Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur' Syahada Ab Razak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurmi Nasir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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148
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Brar G, Pinheiro LC, Shusterman M, Swed B, Reshetnyak E, Soroka O, Chen F, Yamshon S, Vaughn J, Martin P, Paul D, Hidalgo M, Shah MA. COVID-19 Severity and Outcomes in Patients With Cancer: A Matched Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3914-3924. [PMID: 32986528 PMCID: PMC7676890 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a systemic infection. Patients with cancer are immunocompromised and may be vulnerable to COVID-related morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine if patients with cancer have worse outcomes compared with patients without cancer and to identify demographic and clinical predictors of morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer. METHODS We used data from adult patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to two New York-Presbyterian hospitals between March 3 and May 15, 2020. Patients with cancer were matched 1:4 to controls without cancer in terms of age, sex, and number of comorbidities. Using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test, we compared morbidity (intensive care unit admission and intubation) and mortality outcomes between patients with cancer and controls. Among those with cancer, we identified demographic and clinical predictors of worse outcomes using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS We included 585 patients who were COVID-19 positive, of whom 117 had active malignancy, defined as those receiving cancer-directed therapy or under active surveillance within 6 months of admission. Presenting symptoms and in-hospital complications were similar between the cancer and noncancer groups. Nearly one half of patients with cancer were receiving therapy, and 45% of patients received cytotoxic or immunosuppressive treatment within 90 days of admission. There were no statistically significant differences in morbidity or mortality (P = .894) between patients with and without cancer. CONCLUSION We observed that patients with COVID-19 and cancer had similar outcomes compared with matched patients without cancer. This finding suggests that a diagnosis of active cancer alone and recent anticancer therapy do not predict worse COVID-19 outcomes and therefore, recommendations to limit cancer-directed therapy must be considered carefully in relation to cancer-specific outcomes and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Brar
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Laura C. Pinheiro
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Michael Shusterman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Brandon Swed
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Evgeniya Reshetnyak
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Orysya Soroka
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Frank Chen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Samuel Yamshon
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - John Vaughn
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Peter Martin
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Doru Paul
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
| | - Manish A. Shah
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York–Presbyterian, New York, NY
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149
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Scheithauer TPM, Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M, Vallance BA, Verchere CB, van Raalte DH, Herrema H. Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571731. [PMID: 33178196 PMCID: PMC7596417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only partly understood. It becomes progressively clear that T2D is characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current evidence that intestinal microbiota, and the metabolites they produce, could drive the development of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D, possibly by initiating an inflammatory response. First, we will summarize major findings about immunological and gut microbial changes in these metabolic diseases. Next, we will give a detailed view on how gut microbial changes have been implicated in low-grade inflammation. Lastly, we will critically discuss clinical studies that focus on the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system in metabolic disease. Overall, there is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between gut microbiota, host immune system and metabolism is a critical partaker in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten P M Scheithauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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150
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Chen H, He C, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang C, Qin Q, Pang Q. LncRNA-GAS5 Inhibits Expression of miR 103 and Ameliorates the Articular Cartilage in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Obese Mice. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820942718. [PMID: 33343265 PMCID: PMC7731719 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820942718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored whether long noncoding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (LncRNA-GAS5) small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced cartilage destruction in obese mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis. We studied the effects of LncRNA-GAS5 siRNA on the polyarthritis index; hind paw swelling; and the serum levels of certain biochemicals, cytokines, and oxidative stress parameters. We measured the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-13, NF-κB, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, p38, Akt, and PI3K in cartilage via Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Long noncoding RNA-GAS5 siRNA reduced joint swelling; the serum levels of arthritis-associated biochemicals, cytokines, and oxidative stress markers; and cartilage MMP-13, NF-κB, FGF21, p38, Akt, and PI3K levels. Cartilage miR-103 expression was reduced. Histopathologically, LncRNA-GAS5 siRNA ameliorated the pathological changes of cartilage. Long noncoding RNA-GAS5 siRNA prevented cartilage destruction by inhibiting miR-103 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chuan He
- The Third Clinical Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Chaoju Zhang
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qunyan Qin
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qixiong Pang
- Department of orthopedics, Jingzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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