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Ducheix S, Magré J, Cariou B, Prieur X. Chronic O-GlcNAcylation and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The Bitterness of Glucose. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:642. [PMID: 30420836 PMCID: PMC6215811 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and left ventricular hypertrophy. Epidemiological data suggest that hyperglycaemia contributes to the development of DC. Several cellular pathways have been implicated in the deleterious effects of high glucose concentrations in the heart: oxidative stress, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), and chronic hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) activation. In the present review, we focus on the effect of chronic activation of the HBP on diabetic heart function. The HBP supplies N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) that is O-linked by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to proteins on serine or threonine residues. This post-translational protein modification modulates the activity of the targeted proteins. In the heart, acute activation of the HBP in response to ischaemia-reperfusion injury appears to be protective. Conversely, chronic activation of the HBP in the diabetic heart affects Ca2+ handling, contractile properties, and mitochondrial function and promotes stress signaling, such as left ventricular hypertrophy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Many studies have shown that O-GlcNAc impairs the function of key protein targets involved in these pathways, such as phospholamban, calmodulin kinase II, troponin I, and FOXO1. The data show that excessive O-GlcNAcylation is a major trigger of the glucotoxic events that affect heart function under chronic hyperglycaemia. Supporting this finding, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the HBP in the diabetic heart improves heart function. In addition, the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, a glucose lowering agent, has recently been shown to lower cardiac HBP in a lipodystophic T2D mice model and to concomitantly improve the diastolic dysfunction of these mice. Therefore, targeting cardiac-excessive O-GlcNAcylation or specific target proteins represents a potential therapeutic option to treat glucotoxicity in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ducheix
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur
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102
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Al Kury L, Smail M, Qureshi MA, Sydorenko V, Shmygol A, Oz M, Singh J, Howarth FC. Calcium Signaling in the Ventricular Myocardium of the Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:2974304. [PMID: 29850600 PMCID: PMC5914098 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2974304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high mortality linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major concern worldwide. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated a variety of diastolic and systolic dysfunctions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the severity of abnormalities depending on the patients' age and duration of diabetes. The cellular basis of hemodynamic dysfunction in a type 2 diabetic heart is still not well understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate our current understanding of contractile dysfunction and disturbances of Ca2+ transport in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rat heart. The GK rat is a widely used nonobese, nonhypertensive genetic model of T2DM which is characterized by insulin resistance, elevated blood glucose, alterations in blood lipid profile, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Al Kury
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - M. Smail
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - V. Sydorenko
- Department of Cellular Membranology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - A. Shmygol
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - J. Singh
- School of Forensic & Applied Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
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103
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Liu W, Gong W, He M, Liu Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Wu M, Guo S, Yu Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li Y, Zhou L, Qin S, Zhang Z. Spironolactone Protects against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9232065. [PMID: 30406151 PMCID: PMC6204188 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9232065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spironolactone (SPR) has been shown to protect diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we determined the cardioprotective role of SPR in diabetic mice and further explored the potential mechanisms in both in vivo and in vitro models. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats were used as the in vivo model. After the onset of diabetes, rats were treated with either SPR (STZ + SPR) or saline (STZ + NS) for 12 weeks; nondiabetic rats were used as controls (NDCs). In vitro, H9C2 cells were exposed to aldosterone, with or without SPR. Cardiac structure was investigated with transmission electron microscopy and pathological examination; immunohistochemistry was performed to detect nitrotyrosine, collagen-1, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and F4/80 expression; and gene expression of markers for oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and energy metabolism was detected. Our results suggested that SPR attenuated mitochondrial morphological abnormalities and sarcoplasmic reticulum enlargement in diabetic rats. Compared to the STZ + NS group, cardiac oxidative stress, fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction were improved by SPR treatment. Our study showed that SPR had cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This study, for the first time, indicates that SPR might be a potential treatment for DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yemei Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second People's Hospital, 4 Duchun Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241001, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shengmei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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104
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Melatonin Efficacy in Obese Leptin-Deficient Mice Heart. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121323. [PMID: 29206172 PMCID: PMC5748773 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage due to the link between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum necessary for calcium flux and contraction. Melatonin, important indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during darkness, also has important cardioprotective properties. We designed the present study to define morphological and ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes and mainly in mitochondria of an animal model of obesity (ob/ob mice), when treated orally or not with melatonin at 100 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks (from 5 up to 13 week of life). We observed that ob/ob mice mitochondria in sub-sarcolemmal and inter-myofibrillar compartments are often devoid of cristae with an abnormally large size, which are called mega-mitochondria. Moreover, in ob/ob mice the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes expressed high level of 4hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation but scarce degree of mitofusin2, indicative of mitochondrial sufferance. Melatonin oral supplementation in ob/ob mice restores mitochondrial cristae, enhances mitofusin2 expression and minimizes 4HNE and p62/SQSTM1, an index of aberrant autophagic flux. At pericardial fat level, adipose tissue depot strictly associated with myocardium infarction, melatonin reduces adipocyte hypertrophy and inversely regulates 4HNE and adiponectin expressions. In summary, melatonin might represent a safe dietary adjuvant to hamper cardiac mitochondria remodeling and the hypoxic status that occur in pre-diabetic obese mice at 13 weeks of life.
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105
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Pires KM, Buffolo M, Schaaf C, David Symons J, Cox J, Abel ED, Selzman CH, Boudina S. Activation of IGF-1 receptors and Akt signaling by systemic hyperinsulinemia contributes to cardiac hypertrophy but does not regulate cardiac autophagy in obese diabetic mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 113:39-50. [PMID: 28987875 PMCID: PMC5689477 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in the maintenance of normal heart function. However, the role of autophagy in the inulin resistant and diabetic heart is not well understood. Furthermore, the upstream signaling and the downstream targets involved in cardiac autophagy regulation during obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to measure autophagic flux and to dissect the upstream and downstream signaling involved in cardiac autophagy regulation in the hearts of obese T2DM mice. Our study demonstrated that cardiac autophagic flux is suppressed in the heart of obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice due to impaired autophagosome formation. We showed that suppression of autophagy was due to sustained activation of mTOR as we could restore cardiac autophagy by inhibiting mTOR. Moreover, the novel finding of this study is that while IGF-1 receptor-mediated Akt activation contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, it is not involved in mTOR activation and autophagy suppression in obesity and T2DM. In contrast, inhibition of ERK signaling abolished mTOR activation and restored autophagy in the heart of obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. The study identifies mechanisms regulating cardiac autophagy in obesity and T2DM that are mediated by ERK/mTOR but are distinct from Akt. The findings are of significant importance as they demonstrate for the first time the contribution of IGF-1 receptors (IGF-1R) and Akt signaling in cardiac hypertrophy but not in cardiac autophagy regulation in obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Maria Pires
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marcio Buffolo
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christin Schaaf
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - J David Symons
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Craig H Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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106
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Molecular mechanisms of cardiac pathology in diabetes - Experimental insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1949-1959. [PMID: 29109032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct pathology independent of co-morbidities such as coronary artery disease and hypertension. Diminished glucose uptake due to impaired insulin signaling and decreased expression of glucose transporters is associated with a shift towards increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation and reduced cardiac efficiency in diabetic hearts. The cardiac metabolic profile in diabetes is influenced by disturbances in circulating glucose, insulin and fatty acids, and alterations in cardiomyocyte signaling. In this review, we focus on recent preclinical advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Genetic manipulation of cardiomyocyte insulin signaling intermediates has demonstrated that partial cardiac functional rescue can be achieved by upregulation of the insulin signaling pathway in diabetic hearts. Inconsistent findings have been reported relating to the role of cardiac AMPK and β-adrenergic signaling in diabetes, and systemic administration of agents targeting these pathways appear to elicit some cardiac benefit, but whether these effects are related to direct cardiac actions is uncertain. Overload of cardiomyocyte fuel storage is evident in the diabetic heart, with accumulation of glycogen and lipid droplets. Cardiac metabolic dysregulation in diabetes has been linked with oxidative stress and autophagy disturbance, which may lead to cell death induction, fibrotic 'backfill' and cardiac dysfunction. This review examines the weight of evidence relating to the molecular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, with a particular focus on metabolic and signaling pathways. Areas of uncertainty in the field are highlighted and important knowledge gaps for further investigation are identified. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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107
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Tsushima K, Bugger H, Wende AR, Soto J, Jenson GA, Tor AR, McGlauflin R, Kenny HC, Zhang Y, Souvenir R, Hu XX, Sloan CL, Pereira RO, Lira VA, Spitzer KW, Sharp TL, Shoghi KI, Sparagna GC, Rog-Zielinska EA, Kohl P, Khalimonchuk O, Schaffer JE, Abel ED. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Lipotoxic Hearts Induce Post-Translational Modifications of AKAP121, DRP1, and OPA1 That Promote Mitochondrial Fission. Circ Res 2017; 122:58-73. [PMID: 29092894 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac lipotoxicity, characterized by increased uptake, oxidation, and accumulation of lipid intermediates, contributes to cardiac dysfunction in obesity and diabetes mellitus. However, mechanisms linking lipid overload and mitochondrial dysfunction are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the mechanisms for mitochondrial adaptations to lipid overload in postnatal hearts in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a transgenic mouse model of cardiac lipotoxicity overexpressing ACSL1 (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) in cardiomyocytes, we show that modestly increased myocardial fatty acid uptake leads to mitochondrial structural remodeling with significant reduction in minimum diameter. This is associated with increased palmitoyl-carnitine oxidation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in isolated mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphological changes and elevated ROS generation are also observed in palmitate-treated neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Palmitate exposure to neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes initially activates mitochondrial respiration, coupled with increased mitochondrial polarization and ATP synthesis. However, long-term exposure to palmitate (>8 hours) enhances ROS generation, which is accompanied by loss of the mitochondrial reticulum and a pattern suggesting increased mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, lipid-induced changes in mitochondrial redox status increased mitochondrial fission by increased ubiquitination of AKAP121 (A-kinase anchor protein 121) leading to reduced phosphorylation of DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1) at Ser637 and altered proteolytic processing of OPA1 (optic atrophy 1). Scavenging mitochondrial ROS restored mitochondrial morphology in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a molecular mechanism by which lipid overload-induced mitochondrial ROS generation causes mitochondrial dysfunction by inducing post-translational modifications of mitochondrial proteins that regulate mitochondrial dynamics. These findings provide a novel mechanism for mitochondrial dysfunction in lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tsushima
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Heiko Bugger
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Adam R Wende
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Jamie Soto
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Gregory A Jenson
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Austin R Tor
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Rose McGlauflin
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Helena C Kenny
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Rhonda Souvenir
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Xiao X Hu
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Crystal L Sloan
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Renata O Pereira
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Kenneth W Spitzer
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Terry L Sharp
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Genevieve C Sparagna
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Peter Kohl
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine (K.T., J.S., G.A.J., A.R.T., R.M., H.C.K., Y.Z., R.S., R.O.P., E.D.A.) and Department of Health and Human Physiology (V.A.L.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine (K.T., H.B., A.R.W., J.S., X.X.H., C.L.S., E.D.A.), Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute (K.W.S.), and Department of Biochemistry (O.K.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Cardiology and Angiology I (H.B.) and Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine (E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), Heart Center Freiburg University, and Faculty of Medicine (H.B., E.A.R.-Z., P.K.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.); Department of Radiology (T.L.S., K.I.S.) and Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Cardiovascular Division (J.E.S.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora (G.C.S.); and Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln (O.K.).
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Molecular mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy - An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:241-253. [PMID: 29074412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is utilized for anti-neoplastic treatment for several decades. The utility of this drug is limited due to its side effects. Generally, doxorubicin toxicity is originated from the myocardium and then other organs are also ruined. The mechanism of doxorubicin is intercalated with the DNA and inhibits topoisomerase 2. There are various signalling mechanisms involved in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. First and foremost, the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is due to oxidative stress. Cardiac mitochondrial damage is supposed after few hours following the revelation of doxorubicin. This has led important new uses for the mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and novel avenues of investigation to determine better pharmacotherapies and interventions for the impediment of cardiotoxicity. The idea of this review is to bring up to date the recent findings of the mechanism of doxorubicin cardiomyopathies such as calcium dysregulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment of progenitor cells, activation of immune, ubiquitous system and some other parameters.
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109
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Hu X, Xiao RP. MG53 and disordered metabolism in striated muscle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:1984-1990. [PMID: 29017896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MG53 is a member of tripartite motif family (TRIM) that expressed most abundantly in striated muscle. Using rodent models, many studies have demonstrated the MG53 not only facilitates membrane repair after ischemia reperfusion injury, but also contributes to the protective effects of both pre- and post-conditioning. Recently, however, it has been shown that MG53 participates in the regulation of many metabolic processes, especially insulin signaling pathway. Thus, sustained overexpression of MG53 may contribute to the development of various metabolic disorders in striated muscle. In this review, using cardiac muscle as an example, we will discuss muscle metabolic disturbances associated with diabetes and the current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms; in particular, the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will focus on the pathways that MG53 regulates and how the dysregulation of MG53 leads to metabolic disorders, thereby establishing a causal relationship between sustained upregulation of MG53 and the development of muscle insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. This article is part of a Special issue entitled Cardiac adaptations to obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance, edited by Professors Jan F.C. Glatz, Jason R.B. Dyck and Christine Des Rosiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing City Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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110
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Wende AR, Kim J, Holland WL, Wayment BE, O'Neill BT, Tuinei J, Brahma MK, Pepin ME, McCrory MA, Luptak I, Halade GV, Litwin SE, Abel ED. Glucose transporter 4-deficient hearts develop maladaptive hypertrophy in response to physiological or pathological stresses. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H1098-H1108. [PMID: 28822962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00101.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy may be associated with reduced expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in contrast to exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, where GLUT4 levels are increased. However, mice with cardiac-specific deletion of GLUT4 (G4H-/-) have normal cardiac function in the unstressed state. This study tested the hypothesis that cardiac GLUT4 is required for myocardial adaptations to hemodynamic demands. G4H-/- and control littermates were subjected to either a pathological model of left ventricular pressure overload [transverse aortic constriction (TAC)] or a physiological model of endurance exercise (swim training). As predicted after TAC, G4H-/- mice developed significantly greater hypertrophy and more severe contractile dysfunction. Somewhat surprisingly, after exercise training, G4H-/- mice developed increased fibrosis and apoptosis that was associated with dephosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase Akt in concert with an increase in protein levels of the upstream phosphatase protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Exercise has been shown to decrease levels of ceramide; G4H-/- hearts failed to decrease myocardial ceramide in response to exercise. Furthermore, G4H-/- hearts have reduced levels of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1, lower carnitine palmitoyl-transferase activity, and reduced hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. These basal changes may also contribute to the impaired ability of G4H-/- hearts to adapt to hemodynamic stresses. In conclusion, GLUT4 is required for the maintenance of cardiac structure and function in response to physiological or pathological processes that increase energy demands, in part through secondary changes in mitochondrial metabolism and cellular stress survival pathways such as Akt.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is required for myocardial adaptations to exercise, and its absence accelerates heart dysfunction after pressure overload. The requirement for GLUT4 may extend beyond glucose uptake to include defects in mitochondrial metabolism and survival signaling pathways that develop in its absence. Therefore, GLUT4 is critical for responses to hemodynamic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - William L Holland
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Benjamin E Wayment
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brian T O'Neill
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joseph Tuinei
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark E Pepin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark A McCrory
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Division of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sheldon E Litwin
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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111
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Kain V, Halade GV. Metabolic and Biochemical Stressors in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:31. [PMID: 28620607 PMCID: PMC5449449 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) or diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction is a direct consequence of uncontrolled metabolic syndrome and is widespread in US population and worldwide. Despite of the heterogeneous and distinct features of DCM, the clinical relevance of DCM is now becoming established. DCM progresses to pathological cardiac remodeling with the higher risk of heart attack and subsequent heart failure in diabetic patients. In this review, we emphasize lipid substrate quality and the phenotypic, metabolic, and biochemical stressors of DCM in the rodent and human pathophysiology. We discuss lipoxygenase signaling in the inflammatory pathway with multiple contributing and confounding factors leading to DCM. Additionally, emerging biochemical pathways are emphasized to make progress toward therapeutic advancement to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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112
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Stram AR, Wagner GR, Fogler BD, Pride PM, Hirschey MD, Payne RM. Progressive mitochondrial protein lysine acetylation and heart failure in a model of Friedreich's ataxia cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178354. [PMID: 28542596 PMCID: PMC5444842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The childhood heart disease of Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) is characterized by hypertrophy and failure. It is caused by loss of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial protein involved in energy homeostasis. FRDA model hearts have increased mitochondrial protein acetylation and impaired sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) deacetylase activity. Protein acetylation is an important regulator of cardiac metabolism and loss of SIRT3 increases susceptibility of the heart to stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and ischemic injury. The underlying pathophysiology of heart failure in FRDA is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine in detail the physiologic and acetylation changes of the heart that occur over time in a model of FRDA heart failure. We predicted that increased mitochondrial protein acetylation would be associated with a decrease in heart function in a model of FRDA. METHODS A conditional mouse model of FRDA cardiomyopathy with ablation of FXN (FXN KO) in the heart was compared to healthy controls at postnatal days 30, 45 and 65. We evaluated hearts using echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, histology, protein acetylation and expression. RESULTS Acetylation was temporally progressive and paralleled evolution of heart failure in the FXN KO model. Increased acetylation preceded detectable abnormalities in cardiac function and progressed rapidly with age in the FXN KO mouse. Acetylation was also associated with cardiac fibrosis, mitochondrial damage, impaired fat metabolism, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction leading to heart failure. There was a strong inverse correlation between level of protein acetylation and heart function. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a close relationship between mitochondrial protein acetylation, physiologic dysfunction and metabolic disruption in FRDA hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and suggest that abnormal acetylation contributes to the pathophysiology of heart disease in FRDA. Mitochondrial protein acetylation may represent a therapeutic target for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Stram
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Gregory R. Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Fogler
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - P. Melanie Pride
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Hirschey
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Mark Payne
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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The Impact of Environmental Factors in Influencing Epigenetics Related to Oxidative States in the Cardiovascular System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2712751. [PMID: 28607629 PMCID: PMC5457758 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2712751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative states exert a significant influence on a wide range of biological and molecular processes and functions. When their balance is shifted towards enhanced amounts of free radicals, pathological phenomena can occur, as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissue microenvironment or in the systemic circulation can be detrimental. Epidemic chronic diseases of western societies, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes correlate with the imbalance of redox homeostasis. Current advances in our understanding of epigenetics have revealed a parallel scenario showing the influence of oxidative stress as a major regulator of epigenetic gene regulation via modification of DNA methylation, histones, and microRNAs. This has provided both the biological link and a potential molecular explanation between oxidative stress and cardiovascular/metabolic phenomena. Accordingly, in this review, we will provide current insights on the physiological and pathological impact of changes in oxidative states on cardiovascular disorders, by specifically focusing on the influence of epigenetic regulation. A special emphasis will highlight the effect on epigenetic regulation of human's current life habits, external and environmental factors, including food intake, tobacco, air pollution, and antioxidant-based approaches. Additionally, the strategy to quantify oxidative states in humans in order to determine which biological marker could best match a subject's profile will be discussed.
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FUKUI AKIRA, IKEBE-EBATA YUKI, KONDO HIDEKAZU, SAITO SHOTARO, AOKI KOHEI, FUKUNAGA NAOYA, SHINOHARA TETSUJI, MASAKI TAKAYUKI, TESHIMA YASUSHI, TAKAHASHI NAOHIKO. Hyperleptinemia Exacerbates High-Fat Diet-Mediated Atrial Fibrosis and Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:702-710. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- AKIRA FUKUI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YUKI IKEBE-EBATA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - HIDEKAZU KONDO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - SHOTARO SAITO
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - KOHEI AOKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOYA FUKUNAGA
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TETSUJI SHINOHARA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - TAKAYUKI MASAKI
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - YASUSHI TESHIMA
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
| | - NAOHIKO TAKAHASHI
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination; Oita University Faculty of Medicine; Oita Japan
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115
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Tune JD, Goodwill AG, Sassoon DJ, Mather KJ. Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 183:57-70. [PMID: 28130064 PMCID: PMC5393930 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the concurrence of obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, decreased HDL cholesterol, and/or hypertension. Earlier conceptualizations of the MetS focused on insulin resistance as a core feature, and it is clearly coincident with the above list of features. Each component of the MetS is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the combination of these risk factors elevates rates and severity of cardiovascular disease, related to a spectrum of cardiovascular conditions including microvascular dysfunction, coronary atherosclerosis and calcification, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. While advances in understanding the etiology and consequences of this complex disorder have been made, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely understood, and it is unclear how these concurrent risk factors conspire to produce the variety of obesity-associated adverse cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we highlight current knowledge regarding the pathophysiological consequences of obesity and the MetS on cardiovascular function and disease, including considerations of potential physiological and molecular mechanisms that may contribute to these adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Daniel J Sassoon
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Kieren J Mather
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
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116
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Abstract
The heart utilizes large amounts of fatty acids as energy providing substrates. The physiological balance of lipid uptake and oxidation prevents accumulation of excess lipids. Several processes that affect cardiac function, including ischemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, sepsis, and most forms of heart failure lead to altered fatty acid oxidation and often also to the accumulation of lipids. There is now mounting evidence associating certain species of these lipids with cardiac lipotoxicity and subsequent myocardial dysfunction. Experimental and clinical data are discussed and paths to reduction of toxic lipids as a means to improve cardiac function are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Christian Schulze
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.).
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- From the Divisions of Cardiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany, and Columbia University, New York, NY (P.C.S.); Metabolic Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (K.D.); and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
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117
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Joubert M, Jagu B, Montaigne D, Marechal X, Tesse A, Ayer A, Dollet L, Le May C, Toumaniantz G, Manrique A, Charpentier F, Staels B, Magré J, Cariou B, Prieur X. The Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin Prevents Cardiomyopathy in a Diabetic Lipodystrophic Mouse Model. Diabetes 2017; 66:1030-1040. [PMID: 28052965 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-recognized independent risk factor for heart failure. T2DM is associated with altered cardiac energy metabolism, leading to ectopic lipid accumulation and glucose overload, the exact contribution of these two parameters remaining unclear. To provide new insight into the mechanism driving the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we studied a unique model of T2DM: lipodystrophic Bscl2-/- (seipin knockout [SKO]) mice. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dysfunction in SKO mice, and these two abnormalities were strongly correlated with hyperglycemia. Surprisingly, neither intramyocardial lipid accumulation nor lipotoxic hallmarks were detected in SKO mice. [18F]Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography showed increased myocardial glucose uptake. Consistently, the O-GlcNAcylated protein levels were markedly increased in an SKO heart, suggesting a glucose overload. To test this hypothesis, we treated SKO mice with the hypoglycemic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin and the insulin sensitizer pioglitazone. Both treatments reduced the O-GlcNAcylated protein levels in SKO mice, and dapagliflozin successfully prevented the development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Our data demonstrate that glucotoxicity by itself can trigger cardiac dysfunction and that a glucose-lowering agent can correct it. This result will contribute to better understanding of the potential cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Joubert
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Endocrinologie, CHU Caen, Caen, France
- EA 4650, UNICAEN, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Benoît Jagu
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Montaigne
- Universite Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Marechal
- Universite Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Angela Tesse
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Audrey Ayer
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lucile Dollet
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Cédric Le May
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Toumaniantz
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Bart Staels
- Universite Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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118
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Methylene blue decreases mitochondrial lysine acetylation in the diabetic heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:7-24. [PMID: 28303408 PMCID: PMC5532421 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is preceded by mitochondrial alterations, and progresses to heart failure. We studied whether treatment with methylene blue (MB), a compound that was reported to serve as an alternate electron carrier within the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), improves mitochondrial metabolism and cardiac function in type 1 diabetes. MB was administered at 10 mg/kg/day to control and diabetic rats. Both echocardiography and hemodynamic studies were performed to assess cardiac function. Mitochondrial studies comprised the measurement of oxidative phosphorylation and specific activities of fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Proteomic studies were employed to compare the level of lysine acetylation on cardiac mitochondrial proteins between the experimental groups. We found that MB facilitates NADH oxidation, increases NAD+, and the activity of deacetylase Sirtuin 3, and reduces protein lysine acetylation in diabetic cardiac mitochondria. We identified that lysine acetylation on 83 sites in 34 proteins is lower in the MB-treated diabetic group compared to the same sites in the untreated diabetic group. These changes occur across critical mitochondrial metabolic pathways including fatty acid transport and oxidation, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, ETC, transport, and regulatory proteins. While the MB treatment has no effect on the activities of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, it decreases 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and long-chain fatty acid oxidation, and improves cardiac function. Providing an alternative route for mitochondrial electron transport is a novel therapeutic approach to decrease lysine acetylation, alleviate cardiac metabolic inflexibility, and improve cardiac function in diabetes.
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119
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Hu X, Bai T, Xu Z, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Cai L. Pathophysiological Fundamentals of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:693-711. [PMID: 28333387 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) was first recognized more than four decades ago and occurred independent of cardiovascular diseases or hypertension in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. The exact mechanisms underlying this disease remain incompletely understood. Several pathophysiological bases responsible for DCM have been proposed, including the presence of hyperglycemia, nonenzymatic glycosylation of large molecules (e.g., proteins), energy metabolic disturbance, mitochondrial damage and dysfunction, impaired calcium handling, reactive oxygen species formation, inflammation, cardiac cell death, and cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, leading to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Increasing evidence also indicates the phenomenon called "metabolic memory" for diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications, for which epigenetic modulation seemed to play an important role, suggesting that the aforementioned pathogenic bases may be regulated by epigenetic modification. Therefore, this review aims at briefly summarizing the current understanding of the pathophysiological bases for DCM. Although how epigenetic mechanisms play a role remains incompletely understood now, extensive clinical and experimental studies have implicated its importance in regulating the cardiac responses to diabetes, which are believed to shed insight into understanding of the pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms for the development of DCM and its possible prevention and/or therapy. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:693-711, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tao Bai
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zheng Xu
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematological Disorders the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Wendy Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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120
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Tabe Y, Yamamoto S, Saitoh K, Sekihara K, Monma N, Ikeo K, Mogushi K, Shikami M, Ruvolo V, Ishizawa J, Hail N, Kazuno S, Igarashi M, Matsushita H, Yamanaka Y, Arai H, Nagaoka I, Miida T, Hayashizaki Y, Konopleva M, Andreeff M. Bone Marrow Adipocytes Facilitate Fatty Acid Oxidation Activating AMPK and a Transcriptional Network Supporting Survival of Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1453-1464. [PMID: 28108519 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia cells in the bone marrow must meet the biochemical demands of increased cell proliferation and also survive by continually adapting to fluctuations in nutrient and oxygen availability. Thus, targeting metabolic abnormalities in leukemia cells located in the bone marrow is a novel therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the metabolic role of bone marrow adipocytes in supporting the growth of leukemic blasts. Prevention of nutrient starvation-induced apoptosis of leukemic cells by bone marrow adipocytes, as well as the metabolic and molecular mechanisms involved in this process, was investigated using various analytic techniques. In acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) cells, the prevention of spontaneous apoptosis by bone marrow adipocytes was associated with an increase in fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) along with the upregulation of PPARγ, FABP4, CD36, and BCL2 genes. In AMoL cells, bone marrow adipocyte coculture increased adiponectin receptor gene expression and its downstream target stress response kinase AMPK, p38 MAPK with autophagy activation, and upregulated antiapoptotic chaperone HSPs. Inhibition of FAO disrupted metabolic homeostasis, increased reactive oxygen species production, and induced the integrated stress response mediator ATF4 and apoptosis in AMoL cells cocultured with bone marrow adipocytes. Our results suggest that bone marrow adipocytes support AMoL cell survival by regulating their metabolic energy balance and that the disruption of FAO in bone marrow adipocytes may be an alternative, novel therapeutic strategy for AMoL therapy. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1453-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamamoto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Leading Center for the Development and Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Monma
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Sizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ikeo
- Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Sizuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mogushi
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Shikami
- Department of Hematology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jo Ishizawa
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Numsen Hail
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Saiko Kazuno
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Igarashi
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Matsushita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasunari Yamanaka
- Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, RIKEN, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Lew JKS, Pearson JT, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Exercise mediated protection of diabetic heart through modulation of microRNA mediated molecular pathways. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28086863 PMCID: PMC5237289 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance collectively impact on the myocardium of people with diabetes, triggering molecular, structural and myocardial abnormalities. These have been suggested to aggravate oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, myocardial lipotoxicity and impaired myocardial substrate utilization. As a consequence, this leads to the development of a spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, which may include but not limited to coronary endothelial dysfunction, and left ventricular remodelling and dysfunction. Diabetic heart disease (DHD) is the term used to describe the presence of heart disease specifically in diabetic patients. Despite significant advances in medical research and long clinical history of anti-diabetic medications, the risk of heart failure in people with diabetes never declines. Interestingly, sustainable and long-term exercise regimen has emerged as an effective synergistic therapy to combat the cardiovascular complications in people with diabetes, although the precise molecular mechanism(s) underlying this protection remain unclear. This review provides an overview of the underlying mechanisms of hyperglycaemia- and insulin resistance-mediated DHD with a detailed discussion on the role of different intensities of exercise in mitigating these molecular alterations in diabetic heart. In particular, we provide the possible role of exercise on microRNAs, the key molecular regulators of several pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kar Sheng Lew
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand.
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123
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Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28439258 PMCID: PMC5384479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart possesses a remarkable inherent capability to adapt itself to a wide array of genetic and extrinsic factors to maintain contractile function. Failure to sustain its compensatory responses results in cardiac dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Changes in substrate metabolism, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, formation of extracellular matrix proteins, and advanced glycation end products constitute the early stage in DCM. These early events are followed by steatosis (accumulation of lipid droplets) in cardiomyocytes, which is followed by apoptosis, changes in immune responses with a consequent increase in fibrosis, remodeling of cardiomyocytes, and the resultant decrease in cardiac function. The heart is an omnivore, metabolically flexible, and consumes the highest amount of ATP in the body. Altered myocardial substrate and energy metabolism initiate the development of DCM. Diabetic hearts shift away from the utilization of glucose, rely almost completely on fatty acids (FAs) as the energy source, and become metabolically inflexible. Oxidation of FAs is metabolically inefficient as it consumes more energy. In addition to metabolic inflexibility and energy inefficiency, the diabetic heart suffers from impaired calcium handling with consequent alteration of relaxation-contraction dynamics leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling as Ca2+ is transported into the SR by the SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a) during cardiac relaxation. Diabetic cardiomyocytes display decreased SERCA2a activity and leaky Ca2+ release channel resulting in reduced SR calcium load. The diabetic heart also suffers from marked downregulation of novel cardioprotective microRNAs (miRNAs) discovered recently. Since immune responses and substrate energy metabolism are critically altered in diabetes, the present review will focus on immunometabolism and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaushik K. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
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124
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Mangmool S, Denkaew T, Parichatikanond W, Kurose H. β-Adrenergic Receptor and Insulin Resistance in the Heart. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:44-56. [PMID: 28035081 PMCID: PMC5207462 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is characterized by the reduced ability of insulin to stimulate tissue uptake and disposal of glucose including cardiac muscle. These conditions accelerate the progression of heart failure and increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. It is noteworthy that some conditions of insulin resistance are characterized by up-regulation of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in enhanced stimulation of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Overstimulation of βARs leads to the development of heart failure and is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in the heart. However, pathological consequences of the cross-talk between the βAR and the insulin sensitivity and the mechanism by which βAR overstimulation promotes insulin resistance remain unclear. This review article examines the hypothesis that βARs overstimulation leads to induction of insulin resistance in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tananat Denkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Hitoshi Kurose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Mancusi C, Losi MA, Izzo R, Canciello G, Manzi MV, Sforza A, De Luca N, Trimarco B, de Simone G. Effect of diabetes and metabolic syndrome on myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in hypertensive patients. The Campania Salute Network. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:395-399. [PMID: 28032631 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduced myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE), estimated as stroke volume/heart rate ratio per g of left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM), and expressed in μl s-1 g-1 (MEEi), is a strong predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events, independently of LV hypertrophy and other confounders, including type II diabetes (DM). Decreased MEEi is more frequent in patients with diabetes. In the present analysis we evaluated the interrelation among MEEi, DM and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the setting of arterial hypertension. Hypertensive patients from the Campania Salute Network, free of prevalent CV disease and with ejection fraction >50% (n=12 503), were analysed. Coexistence of MetS and DM was ordinally categorized into 4 groups: 8235 patients with neither MetS nor DM (MetS-/DM-); 502 without MetS and with DM (MetS-/DM+); 3045 with MetS and without DM (MetS+/DM-); and 721 with MetS and DM (MetS+/DM+). After controlling for sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, relative wall thickness (RWT), antihypertensive medications and type of antidiabetic therapy, MEEi was 333 μl s-1 g-1 in MetS-/DM-, 328 in MetS-/DM+, 326 in MetS+/DM- and 319 in MetS+/DM+ (P for trend <0.0001). In pairwise comparisons (Sidak-adjusted), all conditions, except MetS-/DM+, were significantly different from MetS-/DM- (all P<0.02). No statistical difference was detected between MetS-/DM+ and MetS+/DM-. Both MetS and DM are associated with decreased MEEi in hypertensive patients, independently to each other, but the reduction is statistically less evident for MetS-/DM+. MetS+/DM+ patients have the lowest levels of MEEi, consistent with the alterations of energy supply associated with the combination of insulin resistance with insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mancusi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Losi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - R Izzo
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G Canciello
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - M V Manzi
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - A Sforza
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - N De Luca
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - B Trimarco
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Medical Bioscience, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - G de Simone
- Hypertension Research Center, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
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126
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Hölscher ME, Bode C, Bugger H. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Does the Type of Diabetes Matter? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122136. [PMID: 27999359 PMCID: PMC5187936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, type 2 diabetes mellitus has evolved as a rapidly increasing epidemic that parallels the increased prevalence of obesity and which markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease across the globe. While ischemic heart disease represents the major cause of death in diabetic subjects, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) summarizes adverse effects of diabetes mellitus on the heart that are independent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. DC increases the risk of heart failure (HF) and may lead to both heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie DC that partially overlap with mechanisms believed to contribute to heart failure. Nevertheless, the existence of DC remains a topic of controversy, although the clinical relevance of DC is increasingly recognized by scientists and clinicians. In addition, relatively little attention has been attributed to the fact that both underlying mechanisms and clinical features of DC may be partially distinct in type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. In the following review, we will discuss clinical and preclinical literature on the existence of human DC in the context of the two different types of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian E Hölscher
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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127
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Alrob OA, Khatib S, Naser SA. MicroRNAs 33, 122, and 208: a potential novel targets in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and heart-related diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 73:307-314. [PMID: 27966196 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, obesity and diabetes remain major health problems in the USA and worldwide. Among the many complications associated with diabetes is an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction and heart failure. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as important players in heart disease and energy regulation. However, little work has investigated the role of microRNAs in cardiac energy regulation. Both human and animal studies have reported a significant increase in circulating free fatty acids and triacylglycerol, increased cardiac reliance on fatty acid oxidation, and subsequent decrease in glucose oxidation which all contributes to insulin resistance and lipotoxicity seen in obesity and diabetes. Importantly, MED13 was initially identified as a negative regulator of lipid accumulation in Drosophilia. Various metabolic genes were downregulated in MED13 transgenic heart, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein. Moreover, miR-33 and miR-122 have recently revealed as key regulators of lipid metabolism. In this review, we will focus on the role of microRNAs in regulation of cardiac and total body energy metabolism. We will also discuss the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that target microRNAs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abo Alrob
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O Box 566, Irbid, 21163, Jordan.
| | - Said Khatib
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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128
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Llano-Diez M, Sinclair J, Yamada T, Zong M, Fauconnier J, Zhang SJ, Katz A, Jardemark K, Westerblad H, Andersson DC, Lanner JT. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in β-Adrenergic Signaling in Cardiomyocytes from Mice with the Metabolic Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167090. [PMID: 27907040 PMCID: PMC5131978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is associated with prolonged stress and hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and afflicted subjects are prone to develop cardiovascular disease. Under normal conditions, the cardiomyocyte response to acute β-adrenergic stimulation partly depends on increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we investigated the interplay between beta-adrenergic signaling, ROS and cardiac contractility using freshly isolated cardiomyocytes and whole hearts from two mouse models with the metabolic syndrome (high-fat diet and ob/ob mice). We hypothesized that cardiomyocytes of mice with the metabolic syndrome would experience excessive ROS levels that trigger cellular dysfunctions. Fluorescent dyes and confocal microscopy were used to assess mitochondrial ROS production, cellular Ca2+ handling and contractile function in freshly isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence, western blot and enzyme assay were used to study protein biochemistry. Unexpectedly, our results point towards decreased cardiac ROS signaling in a stable, chronic phase of the metabolic syndrome because: β-adrenergic-induced increases in the amplitude of intracellular Ca2+ signals were insensitive to antioxidant treatment; mitochondrial ROS production showed decreased basal rate and smaller response to β-adrenergic stimulation. Moreover, control hearts and hearts with the metabolic syndrome showed similar basal levels of ROS-mediated protein modification, but only control hearts showed increases after β-adrenergic stimulation. In conclusion, in contrast to the situation in control hearts, the cardiomyocyte response to acute β-adrenergic stimulation does not involve increased mitochondrial ROS production in a stable, chronic phase of the metabolic syndrome. This can be seen as a beneficial adaptation to prevent excessive ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Llano-Diez
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon Sinclair
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mei Zong
- Karolinska University Hospital, Rheumatology unit, CMM, Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jeremy Fauconnier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shi-Jin Zhang
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abram Katz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Jardemark
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johanna T. Lanner
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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129
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The role of CD36 in the regulation of myocardial lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1450-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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130
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Cunningham CH, Lau JYC, Chen AP, Geraghty BJ, Perks WJ, Roifman I, Wright GA, Connelly KA. Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic MRI of the Human Heart: Initial Experience. Circ Res 2016; 119:1177-1182. [PMID: 27635086 PMCID: PMC5102279 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rationale: Altered cardiac energetics is known to play an important role in the progression toward heart failure. A noninvasive method for imaging metabolic markers that could be used in longitudinal studies would be useful for understanding therapeutic approaches that target metabolism. Objective: To demonstrate the first hyperpolarized 13C metabolic magnetic resonance imaging of the human heart. Methods and Results: Four healthy subjects underwent conventional proton cardiac magnetic resonance imaging followed by 13C imaging and spectroscopic acquisition immediately after intravenous administration of a 0.1 mmol/kg dose of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. All subjects tolerated the procedure well with no adverse effects reported ≤1 month post procedure. The [1-13C]pyruvate signal appeared within the chambers but not within the muscle. Imaging of the downstream metabolites showed 13C-bicarbonate signal mainly confined to the left ventricular myocardium, whereas the [1-13C]lactate signal appeared both within the chambers and in the myocardium. The mean 13C image signal:noise ratio was 115 for [1-13C]pyruvate, 56 for 13C-bicarbonate, and 53 for [1-13C]lactate. Conclusions: These results represent the first 13C images of the human heart. The appearance of 13C-bicarbonate signal after administration of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was readily detected in this healthy cohort (n=4). This shows that assessment of pyruvate metabolism in vivo in humans is feasible using current technology. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02648009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Cunningham
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C).
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - Albert P Chen
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - Benjamin J Geraghty
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - William J Perks
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - Idan Roifman
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - Graham A Wright
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
| | - Kim A Connelly
- From the Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (C.H.C., J.Y.C.L., B.J.G., G.A.W.); GE Healthcare, Toronto, ON, Canada (A.P.C.); Pharmacy (W.J.P.) and Schulich Heart Program (I.R., G.A.W.), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; and Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (K.A.C)
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131
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Verma SK, Garikipati VNS, Kishore R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and its impact on diabetic heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:1098-1105. [PMID: 27593695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and associated oxidative stress are strongly linked to cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and age associated disorders. More specifically cardiovascular diseases are common in patients with diabetes and significant contributor to the high mortality rates associated with diabetes. Studies have shown that the heart failure risk is increased in diabetic patients even after adjusting for coronary artery disease and hypertension. Although the actual basis of the increased heart failure risk is multifactorial, increasing evidences suggest that imbalances in mitochondrial function and associated oxidative stress play an important role in this process. This review summarizes these abnormalities in mitochondrial function and discusses potential underlying mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Verma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | | | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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132
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Cell Death and Heart Failure in Obesity: Role of Uncoupling Proteins. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9340654. [PMID: 27642497 PMCID: PMC5011521 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9340654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes are often characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in mitochondrial respiratory complexes, associated with fat accumulation in cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and hepatocytes. Several rodents studies showed that lipid accumulation in cardiac myocytes produces lipotoxicity that causes apoptosis and leads to heart failure, a dynamic pathological process. Meanwhile, several tissues including cardiac tissue develop an adaptive mechanism against oxidative stress and lipotoxicity by overexpressing uncoupling proteins (UCPs), specific mitochondrial membrane proteins. In heart from rodent and human with obesity, UCP2 and UCP3 may protect cardiomyocytes from death and from a state progressing to heart failure by downregulating programmed cell death. UCP activation may affect cytochrome c and proapoptotic protein release from mitochondria by reducing ROS generation and apoptotic cell death. Therefore the aim of this review is to discuss recent findings regarding the role that UCPs play in cardiomyocyte survival by protecting against ROS generation and maintaining bioenergetic metabolism homeostasis to promote heart protection.
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Abstract
Heart failure is associated with generalized insulin resistance. Moreover, insulin-resistant states such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity increases the risk of heart failure even after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus alters the systemic and neurohumoral milieu, leading to changes in metabolism and signaling pathways in the heart that may contribute to myocardial dysfunction. In addition, changes in insulin signaling within cardiomyocytes develop in the failing heart. The changes range from activation of proximal insulin signaling pathways that may contribute to adverse left ventricular remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction to repression of distal elements of insulin signaling pathways such as forkhead box O transcriptional signaling or glucose transport, which may also impair cardiac metabolism, structure, and function. This article will review the complexities of insulin signaling within the myocardium and ways in which these pathways are altered in heart failure or in conditions associated with generalized insulin resistance. The implications of these changes for therapeutic approaches to treating or preventing heart failure will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riehle
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - E Dale Abel
- From the Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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Tanajak P, Sa-nguanmoo P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre-diabetic rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:287-99. [PMID: 27119620 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a metabolic regulator and exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of long-term FGF21 administration on the heart under the FGF21-resistant condition in obese, insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. We hypothesized that long-term FGF21 administration reduces FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in obese, insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Eighteen rats were fed on either a normal diet (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 12) for 12 weeks. Then, rats in the HFD group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and received either the vehicle (HFV) or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ; HFF) injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. The metabolic parameters, inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis, cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways were determined. RESULTS HFV rats had increased dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, plasma FGF21 levels, TNF-α, adiponectin and MDA, depressed HRV, and impaired LV and mitochondrial function. HFV rats also had decreased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. However, FGF21 restored metabolic parameters, decreased TNF-α and MDA, increased serum adiponectin, and improved HRV, cardiac mitochondrial and LV function in HFF rats. Moreover, HFF rats had increased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION Long-term FGF21 therapy attenuates FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and exerts cardioprotection by improving cardiometabolic regulation via activating anti-apoptotic and cardiac mitochondrial FAO signalling pathways in obese, insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - P. Sa-nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - X. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - G. Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - X. Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - C. Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - S. C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - N. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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135
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Fukushima A, Lopaschuk GD. Acetylation control of cardiac fatty acid β-oxidation and energy metabolism in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2211-2220. [PMID: 27479696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism are an important contributor to the cardiac pathology associated with obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. High rates of fatty acid β-oxidation with cardiac insulin resistance represent a cardiac metabolic hallmark of diabetes and obesity, while a marginal decrease in fatty acid oxidation and a prominent decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation are commonly seen in the early stages of heart failure. Alterations in post-translational control of energy metabolic processes have recently been identified as an important contributor to these metabolic changes. In particular, lysine acetylation of non-histone proteins, which controls a diverse family of mitochondrial metabolic pathways, contributes to the cardiac energy derangements seen in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure. Lysine acetylation is controlled both via acetyltransferases and deacetylases (sirtuins), as well as by non-enzymatic lysine acetylation due to increased acetyl CoA pool size or dysregulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism (which stimulates sirtuin activity). One of the important mitochondrial acetylation targets are the fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes, which contributes to alterations in cardiac substrate preference during the course of obesity, diabetes, and heart failure, and can ultimately lead to cardiac dysfunction in these disease states. This review will summarize the role of lysine acetylation and its regulatory control in the context of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. The functional contribution of cardiac protein lysine acetylation to the shift in cardiac energy substrate preference that occurs in obesity, diabetes, and especially in the early stages of heart failure will also be reviewed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Lasheras J, Vilà M, Zamora M, Riu E, Pardo R, Poncelas M, Cases I, Ruiz-Meana M, Hernández C, Feliu JE, Simó R, García-Dorado D, Villena JA. Gene expression profiling in hearts of diabetic mice uncovers a potential role of estrogen-related receptor γ in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:77-88. [PMID: 27062900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by an abnormal oxidative metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be defined. To uncover potential mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we performed a gene expression profiling study in hearts of diabetic db/db mice. Diabetic hearts showed a gene expression pattern characterized by the up-regulation of genes involved in lipid oxidation, together with an abnormal expression of genes related to the cardiac contractile function. A screening for potential regulators of the genes differentially expressed in diabetic mice found that estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) was increased in heart of db/db mice. Overexpression of ERRγ in cultured cardiomyocytes was sufficient to promote the expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation, increase palmitate oxidation and induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our findings strongly support a role for ERRγ in the metabolic alterations that underlie the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Lasheras
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Vilà
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Zamora
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Efrén Riu
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Poncelas
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Cases
- Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (IMPPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Group of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan E Feliu
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain; Group of Diabetes and Metabolism, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David García-Dorado
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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Smith W, Norton GR, Woodiwiss AJ, Lochner A, du Toit EF. Dependence of Cardiac Systolic Function on Elevated Fatty Acid Availability in Obese, Insulin-Resistant Rats. J Card Fail 2016; 22:560-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gharib M, Tao H, Fungwe TV, Hajri T. Cluster Differentiating 36 (CD36) Deficiency Attenuates Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress in the Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155611. [PMID: 27195707 PMCID: PMC4873222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Obesity is often associated with a state of oxidative stress and increased lipid deposition in the heart. More importantly, obesity increases lipid influx into the heart and induces excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell toxicity and metabolic dysfunction. Cluster differentiating 36 (CD36) protein is highly expressed in the heart and regulates lipid utilization but its role in obesity-associated oxidative stress is still not clear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the impact of CD36 deficiency on cardiac steatosis, oxidative stress and lipotoxicity associated with obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies were conducted in control (Lean), obese leptin-deficient (Lepob/ob) and leptin-CD36 double null (Lepob/obCD36-/-) mice. Compared to lean mice, cardiac steatosis, and fatty acid (FA) uptake and oxidation were increased in Lepob/ob mice, while glucose uptake and oxidation was reduced. Moreover, insulin resistance, oxidative stress markers and NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production were markedly enhanced. This was associated with the induction of NADPH oxidase expression, and increased membrane-associated p47phox, p67phox and protein kinase C. Silencing CD36 in Lepob/ob mice prevented cardiac steatosis, increased insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization, but reduced FA uptake and oxidation. Moreover, CD36 deficiency reduced NADPH oxidase activity and decreased NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. In isolated cardiomyocytes, CD36 deficiency reduced palmitate-induced ROS production and normalized NADPH oxidase activity. CONCLUSIONS CD36 deficiency prevented obesity-associated cardiac steatosis and insulin resistance, and reduced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. The study demonstrates that CD36 regulates NADPH oxidase activity and mediates FA-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gharib
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, New Jersey 07601, United States of America
| | - Huan Tao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States of America
| | - Thomas V. Fungwe
- Nutritional Sciences, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, United States of America
| | - Tahar Hajri
- Department of Surgery, Hackensack University Medical Center, New Jersey 07601, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Westermeier F, Riquelme JA, Pavez M, Garrido V, Díaz A, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, García L, Lavandero S. New Molecular Insights of Insulin in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27148064 PMCID: PMC4828458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide. Cardiovascular disorders generated as a consequence of T2DM are a major cause of death related to this disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by the morphological, functional and metabolic changes in the heart produced as a complication of T2DM. This cardiac disorder is characterized by constant high blood glucose and lipids levels which eventually generate oxidative stress, defective calcium handling, altered mitochondrial function, inflammation and fibrosis. In this context, insulin is of paramount importance for cardiac contractility, growth and metabolism and therefore, an impaired insulin signaling plays a critical role in the DCM development. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DCM are still a matter of study. Despite the numerous questions raised in the study of DCM, there have also been important findings, such as the role of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which can not only have the potential of being important biomarkers, but also therapeutic targets. Furthermore, exosomes also arise as an interesting variable to consider, since they represent an important inter-cellular communication mechanism and therefore, they may explain many aspects of the pathophysiology of DCM and their study may lead to the development of therapeutic agents capable of improving insulin signaling. In addition, adenosine and adenosine receptors (ARs) may also play an important role in DCM. Moreover, the possible cross-talk between insulin and ARs may provide new strategies to reverse its defective signaling in the diabetic heart. This review focuses on DCM, the role of insulin in this pathology and the discussion of new molecular insights which may help to understand its underlying mechanisms and generate possible new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Westermeier
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Pavez
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Garrido
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Díaz
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Lorena García
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, University of ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, USA
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Fiordaliso F, Maggioni S, Balconi G, Schiarea S, Corbelli A, De Luigi A, Figliuzzi M, Antoniou X, Chiabrando C, Masson S, Cervo L, Latini R. Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition on angiogenesis and hypoxic injury in type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2016; 154:87-95. [PMID: 27040669 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined whether, in diabetic Ob/Ob mice, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (PKF275-055), an antihyperglycemic drug, that inhibits the biological inactivation of SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor-1), may increase endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilization and incorporation, which, in turn, may regenerate capillaries and reduce myocardial ischemia induced by strenuous exercise. MAIN METHODS Half of sixteen control and Ob/Ob mice and eight Ob/Ob mice treated with PKF275-055 for four weeks underwent a forced swim protocol. Oral glucose tolerance, circulating EPCs, capillary ultrastructure and density, hypoxic areas and SDF-1 localization in myocardium were measured. KEY FINDINGS Ob/Ob mice were glucose intolerant, had a significant low number of circulating EPCs and myocardial capillaries compared to lean controls. The DPP-4 inhibitor significantly improved their glucose tolerance, doubled the number of circulating EPCs, stimulated the formation of functional vessels and SDF-1 localization in the endothelium of myocardial capillaries and arterioles. Cardiac hypoxia after forced swim in Ob/Ob mice was significantly reduced when they were treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor. SIGNIFICANCE DPP-4 inhibition may re-establish an adequate capillary network in the myocardium of diabetic Ob/Ob mice by the mobilization and SDF-1-mediated incorporation of EPCs and, consequently, reducing the susceptibility to myocardial ischemic injury provoked by strenuous exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Maggioni
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Balconi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Schiarea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 24126 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Xenia Antoniou
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiabrando
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Serge Masson
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Cervo
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20156 Milan, Italy
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Fukushima A, Lopaschuk GD. Cardiac fatty acid oxidation in heart failure associated with obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1525-34. [PMID: 26996746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are major public health problems, and are linked to the development of heart failure. Emerging data highlight the importance of alterations in cardiac energy metabolism as a major contributor to cardiac dysfunction related to obesity and diabetes. Increased rates of fatty acid oxidation and decreased rates of glucose utilization are two prominent changes in cardiac energy metabolism that occur in obesity and diabetes. This metabolic profile is probably both a cause and consequence of a prominent cardiac insulin resistance, which is accompanied by a decrease in both cardiac function and efficiency, and by the accumulation of potentially toxic lipid metabolites in the heart that can further exaggerate insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction. The high cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates seen in obesity and diabetes are attributable to several factors, including: 1) increased fatty acid supply and uptake into the cardiomyocyte, 2) increased transcription of fatty acid metabolic enzymes, 3) decreased allosteric control of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation, and 4) increased post-translational acetylation control of various fatty acid oxidative enzymes. Emerging evidence suggests that therapeutic approaches aimed at switching the balance of cardiac energy substrate preference from fatty acid oxidation to glucose use can prevent cardiac dysfunction associated with obesity and diabetes. Modulating acetylation control of fatty acid oxidative enzymes is also a potentially attractive strategy, although presently this is limited to precursors of nicotinamide adenine or nonspecific activators of deacetylation such as resveratrol. This review will focus on the metabolic alterations in the heart that occur in obesity and diabetes, as well as on the molecular mechanisms controlling these metabolic changes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arata Fukushima
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Translational Science Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Mather KJ, Hutchins GD, Perry K, Territo W, Chisholm R, Acton A, Glick-Wilson B, Considine RV, Moberly S, DeGrado TR. Assessment of myocardial metabolic flexibility and work efficiency in human type 2 diabetes using 16-[18F]fluoro-4-thiapalmitate, a novel PET fatty acid tracer. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E452-60. [PMID: 26732686 PMCID: PMC4796267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00437.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Altered myocardial fuel selection likely underlies cardiac disease risk in diabetes, affecting oxygen demand and myocardial metabolic flexibility. We investigated myocardial fuel selection and metabolic flexibility in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using positron emission tomography to measure rates of myocardial fatty acid oxidation {16-[(18)F]fluoro-4-thia-palmitate (FTP)} and myocardial perfusion and total oxidation ([(11)C]acetate). Participants underwent paired studies under fasting conditions, comparing 3-h insulin + glucose euglycemic clamp conditions (120 mU·m(-2)·min(-1)) to 3-h saline infusion. Lean controls (n = 10) were compared with glycemically controlled volunteers with T2DM (n = 8). Insulin augmented heart rate, blood pressure, and stroke index in both groups (all P < 0.01) and significantly increased myocardial oxygen consumption (P = 0.04) and perfusion (P = 0.01) in both groups. Insulin suppressed available nonesterified fatty acids (P < 0.0001), but fatty acid concentrations were higher in T2DM under both conditions (P < 0.001). Insulin-induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation was seen in both groups (P < 0.0001). However, fatty acid oxidation rates were higher under both conditions in T2DM (P = 0.003). Myocardial work efficiency was lower in T2DM (P = 0.006) and decreased in both groups with the insulin-induced increase in work and shift in fuel utilization (P = 0.01). Augmented fatty acid oxidation is present under baseline and insulin-treated conditions in T2DM, with impaired insulin-induced shifts away from fatty acid oxidation. This is accompanied by reduced work efficiency, possibly due to greater oxygen consumption with fatty acid metabolism. These observations suggest that improved fatty acid suppression, or reductions in myocardial fatty acid uptake and retention, could be therapeutic targets to improve myocardial ischemia tolerance in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Mather
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - G D Hutchins
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - K Perry
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - W Territo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - R Chisholm
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - A Acton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - B Glick-Wilson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - R V Considine
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - S Moberly
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - T R DeGrado
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Dubó S, Gallegos D, Cabrera L, Sobrevia L, Zúñiga L, González M. Cardiovascular Action of Insulin in Health and Disease: Endothelial L-Arginine Transport and Cardiac Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels. Front Physiol 2016; 7:74. [PMID: 27014078 PMCID: PMC4791397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of insulin signaling on diabetes mellitus has been related to cardiovascular dysfunction, heart failure, and sudden death. In human endothelium, cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1) is related to the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and insulin has a vascular effect in endothelial cells through a signaling pathway that involves increases in hCAT-1 expression and L-arginine transport. This mechanism is disrupted in diabetes, a phenomenon potentiated by excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to lower availability of NO and endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, electrical remodeling in cardiomyocytes is considered a key factor in heart failure progression associated to diabetes mellitus. This generates a challenge to understand the specific role of insulin and the pathways involved in cardiac function. Studies on isolated mammalian cardiomyocytes have shown prolongated action potential in ventricular repolarization phase that produces a long QT interval, which is well explained by attenuation in the repolarizing potassium currents in cardiac ventricles. Impaired insulin signaling causes specific changes in these currents, such a decrease amplitude of the transient outward K(+) (Ito) and the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier (IKur) currents where, together, a reduction of mRNA and protein expression levels of α-subunits (Ito, fast; Kv 4.2 and IKs; Kv 1.5) or β-subunits (KChIP2 and MiRP) of K(+) channels involved in these currents in a MAPK mediated pathway process have been described. These results support the hypothesis that lack of insulin signaling can produce an abnormal repolarization in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the arrhythmogenic potential due to reduced Ito current can contribute to an increase in the incidence of sudden death in heart failure. This review aims to show, based on pathophysiological models, the regulatory function that would have insulin in vascular system and in cardiac electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Dubó
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - David Gallegos
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Lissette Cabrera
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Department of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de SevillaSeville, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), University of QueenslandHerston, QLD, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leandro Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo González
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de ConcepciónConcepción, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health)Chillán, Chile
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144
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Imaging of myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1535-43. [PMID: 26923433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fuel selection is a key feature of the health and function of the heart, with clear links between myocardial function and fuel selection and important impacts of fuel selection on ischemia tolerance. Radiopharmaceuticals provide uniquely valuable tools for in vivo, non-invasive assessment of these aspects of cardiac function and metabolism. Here we review the landscape of imaging probes developed to provide non-invasive assessment of myocardial fatty acid oxidation (MFAO). Also, we review the state of current knowledge that myocardial fatty acid imaging has helped establish of static and dynamic fuel selection that characterizes cardiac and cardiometabolic disease and the interplay between fuel selection and various aspects of cardiac function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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145
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Creus A, Ferreira MR, Oliva ME, Lombardo YB. Mechanisms Involved in the Improvement of Lipotoxicity and Impaired Lipid Metabolism by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Rich Salvia hispanica L (Salba) Seed in the Heart of Dyslipemic Insulin-Resistant Rats. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020018. [PMID: 26828527 PMCID: PMC4773774 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the mechanisms underlying the altered lipid metabolism in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant (IR) rats fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and investigates if chia seeds (rich in α-linolenic acid 18:3, n-3 ALA) improve/reverse cardiac lipotoxicity. Wistar rats received an SRD-diet for three months. Half of the animals continued with the SRD up to month 6. The other half was fed an SRD in which the fat source, corn oil (CO), was replaced by chia seeds from month 3 to 6 (SRD+chia). A reference group consumed a control diet (CD) all the time. Triglyceride, long-chain acyl CoA (LC ACoA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (M-CPT1) activities and protein mass levels of M-CPT1, membrane fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) were analyzed. Results show that: (a) the hearts of SRD-fed rats display lipotoxicity suggesting impaired myocardial lipid utilization; (b) Compared with the SRD group, dietary chia normalizes blood pressure; reverses/improves heart lipotoxicity, glucose oxidation, the increased protein mass level of FAT/CD36, and the impaired insulin stimulated FAT/CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane. The enhanced M-CPT1 activity is markedly reduced without similar changes in protein mass. PPARα slightly decreases, while the UCP2 protein level remains unchanged in all groups. Normalization of dyslipidemia and IR by chia reduces plasma fatty acids (FAs) availability, suggesting that a different milieu prevents the robust translocation of FAT/CD36. This could reduce the influx of FAs, decreasing the elevated M-CPT1 activity and lipid storage and improving glucose oxidation in cardiac muscles of SRD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Creus
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María R Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María E Oliva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Yolanda B Lombardo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry, University of Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CC 242, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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146
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Palomer X, Barroso E, Zarei M, Botteri G, Vázquez-Carrera M. PPARβ/δ and lipid metabolism in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1569-78. [PMID: 26825692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lipid metabolism is the focus of attention due to its involvement in the development of cardiac disorders. Both a reduction and an increase in fatty acid utilization make the heart more prone to the development of lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction. The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ modulates different aspects of cardiac fatty acid metabolism, and targeting this nuclear receptor can improve heart diseases caused by altered fatty acid metabolism. In addition, PPARβ/δ regulates glucose metabolism, the cardiac levels of endogenous antioxidants, mitochondrial biogenesis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, the insulin signaling pathway and lipid-induced myocardial inflammatory responses. As a result, PPARβ/δ ligands can improve cardiac function and ameliorate the pathological progression of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cardiac oxidative damage, ischemia-reperfusion injury, lipotoxic cardiac dysfunction and lipid-induced cardiac inflammation. Most of these findings have been observed in preclinical studies and it remains to be established to what extent these intriguing observations can be translated into clinical practice. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Palomer
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaia Botteri
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la UB (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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147
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Sivasinprasasn S, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Estrogenic Impact on Cardiac Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:23-39. [PMID: 26786980 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9675-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increase in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome incidence following the onset of menopause has highlighted the role of estrogen as a cardiometabolic protective agent. Specifically regarding the heart, estrogen induced an improvement in cardiac function, preserved calcium homeostasis, and inhibited the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The beneficial effects of estrogen in relation to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as reduced infarction and ameliorated post-ischemic recovery, have also been shown. Nevertheless, controversial findings exist and estrogen therapy is reported to be related to a higher rate of thromboembolic events and atrial fibrillation in post-menopausal women. Therefore, greater clarification is needed to evaluate the exact potential of estrogen use in cases of cardiac I/R injury. This article reviews the effects of estrogen, in both acute and chronic treatment, and collates the studies with regard to their in vivo, in vitro, or clinical trial settings in cases of cardiac I/R injury and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Sivasinprasasn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand. .,Cardiac Electrophysiology unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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148
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Marchand A, Atassi F, Mougenot N, Clergue M, Codoni V, Berthuin J, Proust C, Trégouët DA, Hulot JS, Lompré AM. miR-322 regulates insulin signaling pathway and protects against metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:611-621. [PMID: 26775030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We identified murine miR-322, orthologous to human miR-424, as a new regulator of insulin receptor, IGF-1 receptor and sirtuin 4 mRNA in vitro and in vivo in the heart and found that miR-322/424 is highly expressed in the heart of mice. C57Bl/6N mice fed 10weeks of high fat diet (HFD) presented signs of cardiomyopathy and a stable miR-322 cardiac level while cardiac function was slightly affected in 11week-old ob/ob which overexpressed miR-322. We thus hypothesized that mmu-miR-322 could be protective against cardiac consequences of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. We overexpressed or knocked-down mmu-miR-322 using AAV9 and monitored cardiac function in wild-type C57Bl/6N mice fed a control diet (CD) or a HFD and in ob/ob mice. The fractional shortening progressively declined while the left ventricle systolic diameter increased in HFD mice infected with an AAVcontrol or with an AAVsponge (decreasing miR-322 bioavailability) but also in ob/ob mice infected with AAVsponge. Similar observations were also found in CD-fed mice infected with AAVsponge. On the contrary over-expressing miR-322 with AAVmiR-322 was efficient in protecting the heart from HFD effects in C57Bl/6N mice. This cardioprotection could be associated with the regulation of identified targets IGF1R, INSR and CD1, a decrease in insulin signaling pathway and an enrichment of genes involved in mitochondrial function and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. Altogether, these results emphasize miR-322 as a new potential therapeutic target against cardiac consequences of metabolic syndrome, which represents an increasing burden in the western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marchand
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France
| | - Fabrice Atassi
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- PECMV Platform, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Michel Clergue
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Veronica Codoni
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jeremy Berthuin
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Carole Proust
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Anne-Marie Lompré
- Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris F-75013, France; INSERM UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie -UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 1166, Paris F-75013, France.
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149
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Pujia A, Gazzaruso C, Ferro Y, Mazza E, Maurotti S, Russo C, Lazzaro V, Romeo S, Montalcini T. Individuals with Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obesity Have Higher Fat Utilization than Metabolically Unhealthy Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:E2. [PMID: 26742056 PMCID: PMC4728616 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the change in phenotype from metabolically healthy to metabolically unhealthy obesity are still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a difference in fasting fat utilization exists between overweight/obese individuals with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile and those with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we sought to explore whether there is an association between fasting fat utilization and insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, 172 overweight/obese individuals underwent a nutritional assessment. Those with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or antidiabetic treatment were considered to be diabetics. If at least three of the NCEP criteria were present, they had Metabolic Syndrome, while those with less criteria were considered to be healthy overweight/obese. An indirect calorimetry was performed to estimate Respiratory Quotient, an index of nutrient utilization. A lower Respiratory Quotient (i.e., higher fat utilization) was found in healthy overweight/obese individuals than in those with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 diabetes (0.85 ± 0.05; 0.87 ± 0.06; 0.88 ± 0.05 respectively, p = 0.04). The univariate and multivariable analysis showed a positive association between the Respiratory Quotient and HOMA-IR (slope in statistic (B) = 0.004; β = 0.42; p = 0.005; 95% Confidence interval = 0.001-0.006). In this study, we find, for the first time, that the fasting Respiratory Quotient is significantly lower (fat utilization is higher) in individuals who are metabolically healthy overweight/obese than in those with metabolically unhealthy obesity. In addition, we demonstrated the association between fat utilization and HOMA-IR, an insulin resistance index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | | | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Veronica Lazzaro
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
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150
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Sommese L, Valverde CA, Blanco P, Castro MC, Rueda OV, Kaetzel M, Dedman J, Anderson ME, Mattiazzi A, Palomeque J. Ryanodine receptor phosphorylation by CaMKII promotes spontaneous Ca(2+) release events in a rodent model of early stage diabetes: The arrhythmogenic substrate. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:394-406. [PMID: 26432489 PMCID: PMC4872299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure and arrhythmias occur more frequently in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) than in the general population. T2DM is preceded by a prediabetic condition marked by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subclinical cardiovascular defects. Although multifunctional Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is ROS-activated and CaMKII hyperactivity promotes cardiac diseases, a link between prediabetes and CaMKII in the heart is unprecedented. OBJECTIVES To prove the hypothesis that increased ROS and CaMKII activity contribute to heart failure and arrhythmogenic mechanisms in early stage diabetes. METHODS-RESULTS Echocardiography, electrocardiography, biochemical and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) determinations were performed in fructose-rich diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance, a prediabetes model, in rodents. Fructose-rich diet rats showed decreased contractility and hypertrophy associated with increased CaMKII activity, ROS production, oxidized CaMKII and enhanced CaMKII-dependent ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation compared to rats fed with control diet. Isolated cardiomyocytes from fructose-rich diet showed increased spontaneous Ca2+i release events associated with spontaneous contractions, which were prevented by KN-93, a CaMKII inhibitor, or addition of Tempol, a ROS scavenger, to the diet. Moreover, fructose-rich diet myocytes showed increased diastolic Ca2+ during the burst of spontaneous Ca2+i release events. Mice treated with Tempol or with sarcoplasmic reticulum-targeted CaMKII-inhibition by transgenic expression of the CaMKII inhibitory peptide AIP, were protected from fructose-rich diet-induced spontaneous Ca2+i release events, spontaneous contractions and arrhythmogenesis in vivo, despite ROS increases. CONCLUSIONS RyR2 phosphorylation by ROS-activated CaMKII, contributes to impaired glucose tolerance-induced arrhythmogenic mechanisms, suggesting that CaMKII inhibition could prevent prediabetic cardiovascular complications and/or evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Sommese
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata 1900, Facultad de Medicina, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata 1900, Facultad de Medicina, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Paula Blanco
- Servicio de Ecocardiografía, Facultad de Veterinaria, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA, Centro Experimental de Endocrinología y Aplicada (UNLP-CONICET La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Omar Velez Rueda
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata 1900, Facultad de Medicina, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Marcia Kaetzel
- Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - John Dedman
- Department of Genome Science, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0575, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- University of Iowa, 285 Newton Rd, CBRB 2256, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata 1900, Facultad de Medicina, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CONICET-La Plata 1900, Facultad de Medicina, UNLP, Argentina.
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