101
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Osei-Bordom D, Bozward AG, Oo YH. The hepatic microenvironment and regulatory T cells. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104195. [PMID: 32861844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human liver is regarded as a lymphoid organ that contributes to both local and systemic immune response. Intrahepatic immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) reside in the hepatic microenvironment which is enriched with proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and metabolites. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment has the unique ability to establish and maintain immune tolerance despite the continuous influx of the gut derived microbial products via the portal vein. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining the hepatic tolerogenic state; however, the phenotypic stability, function and survival of Tregs in the inflamed liver microenvironment is still poorly understood. Despite this, Tregs immunotherapy remains as an appealing therapeutic option in autoimmune and immune mediated liver diseases. In order to advance cell therapy, it is important for us to further our understanding of the hepatic microenvironment, with the aim of developing ways to modify the hostile, inflamed environment to one which is more favourable. By doing so, T cell stability and function would be enhanced, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osei-Bordom
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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102
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Zheng T, Jäättelä M, Liu B. pH gradient reversal fuels cancer progression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 125:105796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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103
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Targeting O-GlcNAcylation to develop novel therapeutics. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 79:100885. [PMID: 32736806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is an abundant post-translational modification (PTM) that modifies the serine or threonine residues of thousands of proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm and mitochondria. Being a major "nutrient sensor" in cells, the O-GlcNAc pathway is sensitive to cellular metabolic states. Extensive crosstalk is observed between O-GlcNAcylation and protein phosphorylation. O-GlcNAc regulates protein functions at multiple levels, including enzymatic activity, transcriptional activity, subcellular localization, intermolecular interactions and degradation. Abnormal O-GlcNAcylation is associated with many human diseases including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Though research on O-GlcNAc is still in its infantry, accumulating evidence suggest O-GlcNAcylation to be a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we briefly discuss the basic features of this PTM, the O-GlcNAc signaling pathway, its regulatory functions on different proteins, and its involvement in human diseases. We hope this review will provide insights to researchers who study human disease, as well as researchers who are interested in the fundamental roles of O-GlcNAcylation in all cells.
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104
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Lara OD, Bayraktar E, Amero P, Ma S, Ivan C, Hu W, Wang Y, Mangala LS, Dutta P, Bhattacharya P, Ashizawa AT, Lopez-Berestein G, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Sood AK. Therapeutic efficacy of liposomal Grb2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (L-Grb2) in preclinical models of ovarian and uterine cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2819-2833. [PMID: 32754300 PMCID: PMC7381098 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptor proteins such as growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2) play important roles in cancer cell signaling. In the present study, we examined the biological effects of liposomal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide that blocks Grb2 expression (L-Grb2) in gynecologic cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Murine orthotopic models of ovarian (OVCAR5 and SKOV3ip1) and uterine (Hec1a) cancer were used to study the biological effects of L-Grb2 on tumor growth. In vitro experiments (cell viability assay, Western blot analysis, siRNA transfection, and reverse phase protein array) were carried out to elucidate the mechanisms and potential predictors of tumor response to L-Grb2. FINDINGS Treatment with L-Grb2 decreased tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic models of ovarian cancer (OVCAR5, SKOV3ip1) by reducing angiogenesis and increasing apoptosis at a dose of 15 mg/kg with no effect on mouse body weight. Treatment with L-Grb2 and paclitaxel led to the greatest decrease in tumor weight (mean ± SEM, 0.17 g ± 0.10 g) compared with that in control mice (0.99 g ± 0.35 g). We also observed a reduction in tumor burden after treatment with L-Grb2 and the anti-VEGF antibody B-20 (86% decrease in tumor weight compared with that in controls). Ovarian cancer cells with ErbB2 amplification (OVCAR8 and SKOV3ip1) were the most sensitive to Grb2 downregulation. Reverse phase protein array analysis identified significant dysregulation of metabolites (LDHA, GAPDH, and TCA intermediates) in ovarian cancer cells after Grb2 downregulation. INTERPRETATION L-Grb2 has therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models of ovarian and uterine cancer. These findings support further clinical development of L-Grb2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia D. Lara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paola Amero
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaolin Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lingegowda S. Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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105
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Bonelli M, Terenziani R, Zoppi S, Fumarola C, La Monica S, Cretella D, Alfieri R, Cavazzoni A, Digiacomo G, Galetti M, Petronini PG. Dual Inhibition of CDK4/6 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Impairs Energy Metabolism in MPM Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145165. [PMID: 32708306 PMCID: PMC7403976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy associated to asbestos exposure. One of the most frequent genetic alteration in MPM patients is CDKN2A/ARF loss, leading to aberrant activation of the Rb pathway. In MPM cells, we previously demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of targeting this signaling with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Here, we investigated whether such combination may have an impact on cell energy metabolism. Methods: The study was performed in MPM cells of different histotypes; metabolic analyses were conducted by measuring GLUT-1 expression and glucose uptake/consumption, and by SeaHorse technologies. Results: MPM cell models differed for their ability to adapt to metabolic stress conditions, such as glucose starvation and hypoxia. Independently of these differences, combined treatments with palbociclib and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors inhibited cell proliferation more efficaciously than single agents. The drugs alone reduced glucose uptake/consumption as well as glycolysis, and their combination further enhanced these effects under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, the drug combinations significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration as compared with individual treatments. These metabolic effects were mediated by the concomitant inhibition of Rb/E2F/c-myc and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Conclusions: Dual blockade of glycolysis and respiration contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of palbociclib-PI3K/mTOR inhibitors combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Bonelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Rita Terenziani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Silvia Zoppi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Claudia Fumarola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0521-903762
| | - Silvia La Monica
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Daniele Cretella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Roberta Alfieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Andrea Cavazzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Graziana Digiacomo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Maricla Galetti
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Petronini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.B.); (R.T.); (S.Z.); (S.L.M.); (D.C.); (R.A.); (A.C.); (G.D.); (P.G.P.)
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106
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Conroy LR, Lorkiewicz P, He L, Yin X, Zhang X, Rai SN, Clem BF. Palbociclib treatment alters nucleotide biosynthesis and glutamine dependency in A549 cells. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:280. [PMID: 32624705 PMCID: PMC7329430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activity of cell cycle proteins is one of the key somatic events in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis. In most NSCLC cases, the retinoblastoma protein tumor suppressor (RB) becomes inactivated via constitutive phosphorylation by cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Palbociclib, a small molecule inhibitor of CDK4/6, has shown anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo, with recent studies demonstrating a functional role for palbociclib in reprogramming cellular metabolism. While palbociclib has shown efficacy in preclinical models of NSCLC, the metabolic consequences of CDK4/6 inhibition in this context are largely unknown. METHODS In our study, we used a combination of stable isotope resolved metabolomics using [U-13C]-glucose and multiple in vitro metabolic assays, to interrogate the metabolic perturbations induced by palbociclib in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Specifically, we assessed changes in glycolytic activity, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and glutamine utilization. We performed these studies following palbociclib treatment with simultaneous silencing of RB1 to define the pRB-dependent changes in metabolism. RESULTS Our studies revealed palbociclib does not affect glycolytic activity in A549 cells but decreases glucose metabolism through the PPP. This is in part via reducing activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the rate limiting enzyme in the PPP. Additionally, palbociclib enhances glutaminolysis to maintain mitochondrial respiration and sensitizes A549 cells to the glutaminase inhibitor, CB-839. Notably, the effects of palbociclib on both the PPP and glutamine utilization occur in an RB-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data define the metabolic impact of palbociclib treatment in A549 cells and may support the targeting CDK4/6 inhibition in combination with glutaminase inhibitors in NSCLC patients with RB-proficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R. Conroy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Present Address: Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY USA
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Brian F. Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY USA
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Abdel-Wahab AHA, Effat H, Mahrous EA, Ali MA, Al-Shafie TA. A Licorice Roots Extract Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest and Improves Metabolism via Regulating MiRNAs in Liver Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1047-1058. [PMID: 32578448 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1783329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting altered metabolism in cancer provides a promising preventive and therapeutic approach. Natural products interplay between gene expression and metabolism either by targeting altered metabolic enzymes and/or affecting the regulating miRNAs. Licorice is a widely known product used as flavoring agent. Glycyrrhizin and other metabolites were reported to exert several metabolic benefits. Here, we investigated the effect of licorice roots extract on some metabolic pathways and their regulating miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Our data showed various beneficial effects of licorice roots extract including induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Second, upregulating tumor suppressor miRNAs; let7a-3p, miR-34c-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-126-3p, miR195-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-206, and miR-326-5p. Third, inhibiting HIF1α, PI3K and C-Myc and activating AMPK and p53. Fourth, inhibiting enzymes of glycolysis; HK-2, LDH-A and PK-M2; pentose phosphate pathway; G6PD and glutaminolysis; glutaminase. However, such an extract upregulated oncogenic miRNAs; miR-21, miR-221, and miR-222. Although the present data highlights the ability of licorice roots extract to enhance apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and correct altered metabolism, it warns against its unfavorable effects, hence, its use for prevention and therapy should proceed with caution. Further experiments are required to investigate whether a specific bioactive ingredient is responsible for upregulating the oncogenic miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba Effat
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Mahrous
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Ali
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer A Al-Shafie
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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108
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Mossenta M, Busato D, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role and Possible Implications in Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1668. [PMID: 32585931 PMCID: PMC7352479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism is redirected to glycolysis to enhance the production of metabolic compounds employed by cancer cells to produce proteins, lipids, and nucleotides in order to maintain a high proliferative rate. This mechanism drives towards uncontrolled growth and causes a further increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to cell death. HCC overcomes the problem generated by ROS increase by increasing the antioxidant machinery, in which key mechanisms involve glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α). These mechanisms could represent optimal targets for innovative therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a key role in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Various metabolic machineries modulate the activity of immune cells in the TME. The deregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells could impair antitumor response. Lactic acid-lactate, derived from the anaerobic glycolytic rate of tumor cells, as well as adenosine, derived from the catabolism of ATP, have an immunosuppressive activity. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME via targeted therapies could enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the metabolic pathways mainly involved in the HCC pathogenesis and progression. The potential targets for HCC treatment involved in these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
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109
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Lovisa S, Fletcher-Sananikone E, Sugimoto H, Hensel J, Lahiri S, Hertig A, Taduri G, Lawson E, Dewar R, Revuelta I, Kato N, Wu CJ, Bassett RL, Putluri N, Zeisberg M, Zeisberg EM, LeBleu VS, Kalluri R. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition compromises vascular integrity to induce Myc-mediated metabolic reprogramming in kidney fibrosis. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/635/eaaz2597. [PMID: 32518142 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a cellular transdifferentiation program in which endothelial cells partially lose their endothelial identity and acquire mesenchymal-like features. Renal capillary endothelial cells can undergo EndMT in association with persistent damage of the renal parenchyma. The functional consequence(s) of EndMT in kidney fibrosis remains unexplored. Here, we studied the effect of Twist or Snail deficiency in endothelial cells on EndMT in kidney fibrosis. Conditional deletion of Twist1 (which encodes Twist) or Snai1 (which encodes Snail) in VE-cadherin+ or Tie1+ endothelial cells inhibited the emergence of EndMT and improved kidney fibrosis in two different kidney injury/fibrosis mouse models. Suppression of EndMT limited peritubular vascular leakage, reduced tissue hypoxia, and preserved tubular epithelial health and function. Hypoxia, which was exacerbated by EndMT, resulted in increased Myc abundance in tubular epithelial cells, enhanced glycolysis, and suppression of fatty acid oxidation. Pharmacological suppression or epithelial-specific genetic ablation of Myc in tubular epithelial cells ameliorated fibrosis and restored renal parenchymal function and metabolic homeostasis. Together, these findings demonstrate a functional role for EndMT in the response to kidney capillary endothelial injury and highlight the contribution of endothelial-epithelial cross-talk in the development of kidney fibrosis with a potential for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lovisa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Eliot Fletcher-Sananikone
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Hikaru Sugimoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janine Hensel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Sharmistha Lahiri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alexandre Hertig
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gangadhar Taduri
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Rajan Dewar
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ignacio Revuelta
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Noritoshi Kato
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chang-Jiun Wu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Roland L Bassett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Valerie S LeBleu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raghu Kalluri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Metastasis Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA. .,Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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110
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Morris SR, Chen B, Mudd JC, Panigrahi S, Shive CL, Sieg SF, Cameron CM, Zidar DA, Funderburg NT, Younes SA, Rodriguez B, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Inflammescent CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ T cells are generated and expanded by IL-15. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132963. [PMID: 32369455 PMCID: PMC7346586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ memory T cells (Tmem) that express CX3CR1, but how these cells are generated and maintained in vivo is unclear. We demonstrate that increased CX3CR1 expression on CD8+ Tmem in people living with HIV (PLWH) is dependent on coinfection with human CMV, and CX3CR1+CD8+ Tmem are enriched for a putatively immunosenescent CD57+CD28- phenotype. The cytokine IL-15 promotes the phenotype, survival, and proliferation of CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ Tmem in vitro, whereas T cell receptor stimulation leads to their death. IL-15-driven survival is dependent on STAT5 and Bcl-2 activity, and IL-15-induced proliferation requires STAT5 and mTORC1. Thus, we identify mechanistic pathways that could explain how "inflammescent" CX3CR1+CD57+ CD8+ Tmem dominate the overall memory T cell pool in CMV-seropositive PLWH and that support reevaluation of immune senescence as a nonproliferative dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Morris
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph C. Mudd
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carey L. Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David A. Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Morris SR, Chen B, Mudd JC, Panigrahi S, Shive CL, Sieg SF, Cameron CM, Zidar DA, Funderburg NT, Younes SA, Rodriguez B, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Inflammescent CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ T cells are generated and expanded by IL-15. JCI Insight 2020. [PMID: 32369455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.l32963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ memory T cells (Tmem) that express CX3CR1, but how these cells are generated and maintained in vivo is unclear. We demonstrate that increased CX3CR1 expression on CD8+ Tmem in people living with HIV (PLWH) is dependent on coinfection with human CMV, and CX3CR1+CD8+ Tmem are enriched for a putatively immunosenescent CD57+CD28- phenotype. The cytokine IL-15 promotes the phenotype, survival, and proliferation of CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ Tmem in vitro, whereas T cell receptor stimulation leads to their death. IL-15-driven survival is dependent on STAT5 and Bcl-2 activity, and IL-15-induced proliferation requires STAT5 and mTORC1. Thus, we identify mechanistic pathways that could explain how "inflammescent" CX3CR1+CD57+ CD8+ Tmem dominate the overall memory T cell pool in CMV-seropositive PLWH and that support reevaluation of immune senescence as a nonproliferative dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Morris
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph C Mudd
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carey L Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheryl M Cameron
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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112
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Yoshida GJ. Beyond the Warburg Effect: N-Myc Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:791. [PMID: 32547946 PMCID: PMC7269178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells generate large amounts of lactate derived from glucose regardless of the available oxygen level. Cancer cells finely control ATP synthesis by modulating the uptake of substrates and the activity of enzymes involved in aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), which enables them to adapt to the tumor microenvironment. However, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and glutaminolysis, is paradoxically activated in MYCN-amplified malignancies. Unlike non-amplified cells, MYCN-amplified cancer cells significantly promote OXPHOS-dependent ATP synthesis. Furthermore, tumor cells are differentially dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) according to N-Myc status. Therefore, upregulation of FAO-associated enzymes is positively correlated with both N-Myc expression level and poor clinical outcome. This review explores therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem-like cells for the treatment of tumors associated with MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunological Diagnosis, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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113
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Peroxynitrite promotes serine-62 phosphorylation-dependent stabilization of the oncoprotein c-Myc. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101587. [PMID: 32512497 PMCID: PMC7280771 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stabilization of c-Myc oncoprotein is dependent on post-translational modifications, especially its phosphorylation at serine-62 (S62), which enhances its tumorigenic potential. Herein we report that increase in intracellular superoxide induces phospho-stabilization and activation of c-Myc in cancer cells. Importantly, sustained phospho-S62 c-Myc was necessary for promoting superoxide dependent chemoresistance as non-phosphorylatable S62A c-Myc was insensitive to the redox impact when subjected to chemotherapeutic insults. This redox-dependent sustained S62 phosphorylation occurs through nitrative inhibition of phosphatase, PP2A, brought about by peroxynitrite, a reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide. We identified a conserved tyrosine residue (Y238) in the c-Myc targeting subunit B56α of PP2A, which is selectively amenable to nitrative inhibition, further preventing holoenzyme assembly. In summary, we have established a novel mechanism wherein the pro-oxidant microenvironment stimulates a pro-survival milieu and reinforces tumor maintenance as a functional consequence of c-Myc activation through its sustained S62 phosphorylation via inhibition of phosphatase PP2A. Significance statement Increased peroxynitrite signaling in tumors causes sustained S62 c-Myc phosphorylation by PP2A inhibition. This is critical to promoting c-Myc stabilization and activation which promotes chemoresistance and provides significant proliferative and growth advantages to osteosarcomas.
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114
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BCG Vaccinations Upregulate Myc, a Central Switch for Improved Glucose Metabolism in Diabetes. iScience 2020; 23:101085. [PMID: 32380424 PMCID: PMC7205768 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc has emerged as a pivotal transcription factor for four metabolic pathways: aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, polyamine synthesis, and HIF-1α/mTOR. Each of these pathways accelerates the utilization of sugar. The BCG vaccine, a derivative of Mycobacteria-bovis, has been shown to trigger a long-term correction of blood sugar levels to near normal in type 1 diabetics (T1D). Here we reveal the underlying mechanisms behind this beneficial microbe-host interaction. We show that baseline glucose transport is deficient in T1D monocytes but is improved by BCG in vitro and in vivo. We then show, using RNAseq in monocytes and CD4 T cells, that BCG treatment over 56 weeks in humans is associated with upregulation of Myc and activation of nearly two dozen Myc-target genes underlying the four metabolic pathways. This is the first documentation of BCG induction of Myc and its association with systemic blood sugar control in a chronic disease like diabetes. T1D has insufficient aerobic glycolysis; this causes insufficient sugar utilization BCG vaccine lowers blood sugar levels in T1D by augmenting aerobic glycolysis BCG-induced shift to aerobic glycolysis is associated with Myc activation Host-microbe BCG interactions through Myc activate sugar-regulating genes in T1D
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115
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Prieto J, Ponsoda X, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism in induced pluripotency. Exp Gerontol 2020; 133:110870. [PMID: 32045634 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by either ectopic expression of defined factors or exposure to chemical cocktails. During reprogramming, somatic cells undergo dramatic changes in a wide range of cellular processes, such as metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and function, cell signaling pathways or immortalization. Regulation of these processes during cell reprograming lead to the acquisition of a pluripotent state, which enables indefinite propagation by symmetrical self-renewal without losing the ability of reprogrammed cells to differentiate into all cell types of the adult. In this review, recent data from different laboratories showing how these processes are controlled during the phenotypic transformation of a somatic cell into a pluripotent stem cell will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Calle Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), Avenida de Menéndez y Pelayo 4, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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Regulation of Tumor Initiation by the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier. Cell Metab 2020; 31:284-300.e7. [PMID: 31813825 PMCID: PMC7004878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although metabolic adaptations have been demonstrated to be essential for tumor cell proliferation, the metabolic underpinnings of tumor initiation are poorly understood. We found that the earliest stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation are marked by a glycolytic metabolic signature, including downregulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), which couples glycolysis and glucose oxidation through mitochondrial pyruvate import. Genetic studies in Drosophila suggest that this downregulation is required because hyperplasia caused by loss of the Apc or Notch tumor suppressors in intestinal stem cells can be completely blocked by MPC overexpression. Moreover, in two distinct CRC mouse models, loss of Mpc1 prior to a tumorigenic stimulus doubled the frequency of adenoma formation and produced higher grade tumors. MPC loss was associated with a glycolytic metabolic phenotype and increased expression of stem cell markers. These data suggest that changes in cellular pyruvate metabolism are necessary and sufficient to promote cancer initiation.
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McGuirk S, Audet-Delage Y, St-Pierre J. Metabolic Fitness and Plasticity in Cancer Progression. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:49-61. [PMID: 31952781 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have enhanced metabolic needs due to their rapid proliferation. Moreover, throughout their progression from tumor precursors to metastases, cancer cells face challenging physiological conditions, including hypoxia, low nutrient availability, and exposure to therapeutic drugs. The ability of cancer cells to tailor their metabolic activities to support their energy demand and biosynthetic needs throughout disease progression is key for their survival. Here, we review the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells, from primary tumors to therapy resistant cancers, and the mechanisms underpinning their metabolic plasticity. We also discuss the metabolic coupling that can develop between tumors and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we consider potential metabolic interventions that could be used in combination with standard therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn McGuirk
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yannick Audet-Delage
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT), one of the most effective approaches to treat hematopoietic malignancies.1 However, current prophylaxis regimens and treatments that reduce the detrimental effect of acute GVHD can be offset by increased incidence in opportunistic infections and relapse of the primary malignancy.2 In addition, the majority of the approaches that inhibit T cell responses are non-specific, resulting in the inhibition of both alloreactive T cells and protective T cells from the donor. Therefore, there is an increase in the demand to develop novel approaches that selectively target alloreactive T cells. One potential means to address this issue is to take advantage of the unique metabolic profile of activated T cells.
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Moreno-Felici J, Hyroššová P, Aragó M, Rodríguez-Arévalo S, García-Rovés PM, Escolano C, Perales JC. Phosphoenolpyruvate from Glycolysis and PEPCK Regulate Cancer Cell Fate by Altering Cytosolic Ca 2. Cells 2019; 9:E18. [PMID: 31861674 PMCID: PMC7017135 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) concentrations secondary to variations in glucose availability can regulate calcium signaling in T cells as this metabolite potently inhibits the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+/ATPase pump (SERCA). This regulation is critical to assert immune activation in the tumor as T cells and cancer cells compete for available nutrients. We examined here whether cytosolic calcium and the activation of downstream effector pathways important for tumor biology are influenced by the presence of glucose and/or cataplerosis through the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) pathway, as both are hypothesized to feed the PEP pool. Our data demonstrate that cellular PEP parallels extracellular glucose in two human colon carcinoma cell lines, HCT-116 and SW480. PEP correlated with cytosolic calcium and NFAT activity, together with transcriptional up-regulation of canonical targets PTGS2 and IL6 that was fully prevented by CsA pre-treatment. Similarly, loading the metabolite directly into the cell increased cytosolic calcium and NFAT activity. PEP-stirred cytosolic calcium was also responsible for the calmodulin (CaM) dependent phosphorylation of c-Myc at Ser62, resulting in increased activity, probably through enhanced stabilization of the protein. Protein expression of several c-Myc targets also correlated with PEP levels. Finally, the participation of PEPCK in this axis was interrogated as it should directly contribute to PEP through cataplerosis from TCA cycle intermediates, especially in glucose starvation conditions. Inhibition of PEPCK activity showed the expected regulation of PEP and calcium levels and consequential downstream modulation of NFAT and c-Myc activities. Collectively, these results suggest that glucose and PEPCK can regulate NFAT and c-Myc activities through their influence on the PEP/Ca2+ axis, advancing a role for PEP as a second messenger communicating metabolism, calcium cell signaling, and tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Moreno-Felici
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (P.H.); (M.A.); (P.M.G.-R.)
| | - Petra Hyroššová
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (P.H.); (M.A.); (P.M.G.-R.)
| | - Marc Aragó
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (P.H.); (M.A.); (P.M.G.-R.)
| | - Sergio Rodríguez-Arévalo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.E.)
| | - Pablo M. García-Rovés
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (P.H.); (M.A.); (P.M.G.-R.)
| | - Carmen Escolano
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-A.); (C.E.)
| | - Jose C. Perales
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain; (J.M.-F.); (P.H.); (M.A.); (P.M.G.-R.)
- IDIBELL, Gran Via de l’Hospitalet 199, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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Wang Y, Yin C, Chen Z, Li Y, Zou Y, Wang X, An Y, Wu F, Zhang G, Yang C, Tang H, Zou Y, Gong H. Cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout induces lipid accumulation through Drp1/CPT1b pathway in adult mice. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 380:143-153. [PMID: 31811407 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) decreased in dilated cardiomyopathy hearts, and cardiac-specific knockout mice displayed lethal heart failure through activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). We also observed lipid accumulation in LRP6 deficiency hearts, but the detailed molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we detected fatty acids components in LRP6 deficiency hearts and explored the potential molecular mechanisms. Fatty acid analysis by GC-FID/MS revealed cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout induced the higher level of total fatty acids and some medium-long-chain fatty acids (C16:0, C18:1n9 and C18:2n6) than in control hearts. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT1b), a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial β-oxidation in adult heart, was sharply decreased in LRP6 deficiency hearts, coincident with the activation of Drp1. Drp1 inhibitor greatly improved cardiac dysfunction and attenuated the increase in total fatty acids and fatty acids C16:0, C18:1n9 in LRP6 deficiency hearts. It also greatly inhibited the decrease in the cardiac expression of CPT1b and the transcriptional factors CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and c-Myc induced by cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout in mice. C-Myc but not CTCF was identified to regulate CPT1b expression and lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes in vitro. The present study indicated cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout induced lipid accumulation by Drp1/CPT1b pathway in adult mice, and c-Myc is involved in the process. It suggests that LRP6 regulates fatty acid metabolism in adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanpeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 180 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Testini C, Smith RO, Jin Y, Martinsson P, Sun Y, Hedlund M, Sáinz‐Jaspeado M, Shibuya M, Hellström M, Claesson‐Welsh L. Myc-dependent endothelial proliferation is controlled by phosphotyrosine 1212 in VEGF receptor-2. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47845. [PMID: 31545012 PMCID: PMC6832004 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exaggerated signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and its receptor, VEGFR2, in pathologies results in poor vessel function. Still, pharmacological suppression of VEGFA/VEGFR2 may aggravate disease. Delineating VEGFR2 signaling in vivo provides strategies for suppression of specific VEGFR2-induced pathways. Three VEGFR2 tyrosine residues (Y949, Y1212, and Y1173) induce downstream signaling. Here, we show that knock-in of phenylalanine to create VEGFR2 Y1212F in C57Bl/6 and FVB mouse strains leads to loss of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2- and phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3K)p85 signaling. C57Bl/6 Vegfr2Y1212F/Y1212F show reduced embryonic endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and partial lethality. FVB Vegfr2Y1212F/Y1212F show reduced postnatal EC proliferation. Reduced EC proliferation in Vegfr2Y1212F/Y1212F explants is rescued by c-Myc overexpression. We conclude that VEGFR2 Y1212 signaling induces activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and Akt pathways required for c-Myc-dependent gene regulation, endothelial proliferation, and vessel stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Testini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Transplant Research ProgramBoston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ross O Smith
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Pernilla Martinsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Miguel Sáinz‐Jaspeado
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Institute of Physiology and MedicineJobu UniversityTakasakiGunmaJapan
| | - Mats Hellström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Lena Claesson‐Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and PathologyRudbeck LaboratoryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Fame RM, Shannon ML, Chau KF, Head JP, Lehtinen MK. A concerted metabolic shift in early forebrain alters the CSF proteome and depends on MYC downregulation for mitochondrial maturation. Development 2019; 146:dev.182857. [PMID: 31575649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.182857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Massive, coordinated cellular changes accompany the transition of central nervous system (CNS) progenitors from forebrain neurectodermal cells to specified neuroepithelial cells. We have previously found that MYC regulates the changing ribosomal and proteostatic landscapes in mouse forebrain precursors at embryonic days E8.5 and E10.5 (before and after neural tube closure; NTC) (Chau et al., 2018). Here, we demonstrate parallel coordinated transcriptional changes in metabolic machinery during this same stage of forebrain specification. Progenitors showed striking mitochondrial structural changes transitioning from glycolytic cristae at E8.5, to more traditional mitochondria at E10.5. Accordingly, glucose use shifted in progenitors such that E8.5 progenitors relied on glycolysis, and after NTC increasingly used oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic shift was matched by changes in surrounding amniotic and cerebrospinal fluid proteomes. Importantly, these mitochondrial morphological shifts depend on MYC downregulation. Together, our findings demonstrate that metabolic shifting accompanies dynamic organelle and proteostatic remodeling of progenitor cells during the earliest stages of forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann M Fame
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan L Shannon
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin F Chau
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua P Head
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria K Lehtinen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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123
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Sasada M, Iyoda T, Asayama T, Suenaga Y, Sakai S, Kase N, Kodama H, Yokoi S, Isohama Y, Fukai F. Inactivation of beta1 integrin induces proteasomal degradation of Myc oncoproteins. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4960-4972. [PMID: 31452837 PMCID: PMC6697639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC family oncogenes (MYC, MYCN, and MYCL) contribute to the genesis of many human cancers. Among them, amplification of the MYCN gene and over-expression of N-Myc protein are the most reliable risk factors in neuroblastoma patients. On the other hand, we previously found that a peptide derived from fibronectin, termed FNIII14, is capable of inducing functional inactivation in β1-integrins. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of β1-integrin by FNIII14 induced proteasomal degradation in N-Myc of neuroblastoma cells with MYCN amplification. This N-Myc degradation by FNIII14 reduced the malignant properties, including the anchorage-independent proliferation and invasive migration, of neuroblastoma cells. An in vivo experiment using a mouse xenograft model showed that the administration of FNIII14 can inhibit tumor growth, and concomitantly a remarkable decrease in N-Myc levels in tumor tissues. Of note, the activation of proteasomal degradation based on β1-integrin inactivation is applicable to another Myc family oncoprotein, c-myc, which also reverses cancer-associated properties in pancreatic cancer cells. Collectively, β1-integrin inactivation could be a new chemotherapeutic strategy for cancers with highly expressed Myc. FNIII14, which is a unique pharmacological agent able to induce β1-integrin inactivation, may be a promising drug targeting Myc oncoproteins for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Sasada
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Iyoda
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda City, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Asayama
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suenaga
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Kase
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sana Yokoi
- Cancer Genome Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Isohama
- Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fumio Fukai
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Research Institute of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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124
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circHECTD1 facilitates glutaminolysis to promote gastric cancer progression by targeting miR-1256 and activating β-catenin/c-Myc signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:576. [PMID: 31371702 PMCID: PMC6675787 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of human cancers. Glutaminolysis supplies cancer cells with adequate nitrogen and carbon to replenish the tricarboxylic acid cycle, contributing to the survival and progression of tumor cells. However, the association between circRNAs and glutaminolysis remains unclear. In this study, we showed that circHECTD1 expression was markedly upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) and was associated with lymph node metastasis and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. The circHECTD1 expression level was found to be an independent prognostic factor for GC patients. circHECTD1 knockdown inhibited GC cell glutaminolysis, proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas circHECTD1 overexpression promoted GC progression. Dual-luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that miR-1256 was a direct downstream target of circHECTD1. circHECTD1 targeted miR-1256 and subsequently increased the expression level of USP5. The circHECTD1/miR-1256/USP5 axis exerted its tumor-promoting effects by activating the downstream β-catenin/c-Myc signaling pathway. In vivo mouse models further verified the oncogenic roles of circHECTD1 in GC. Our results revealed that circHECTD1 is a glutaminolysis-associated circRNA that promotes GC progression. The circHECTD1/miR-1256/USP5 axis could thus be used as a therapeutic target for GC.
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125
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Viola A, Munari F, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Scolaro T, Castegna A. The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1462. [PMID: 31333642 PMCID: PMC6618143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1078] [Impact Index Per Article: 215.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage functions depends on both heterogeneity and plasticity of these cells, which are highly specialized in sensing the microenvironment and modify their properties accordingly. Although it is clear that macrophage phenotypes are difficult to categorize and should be seen as plastic and adaptable, they can be simplified into two extremes: a pro-inflammatory (M1) and an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving (M2) profile. Based on this definition, M1 macrophages are able to start and sustain inflammatory responses, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, activating endothelial cells, and inducing the recruitment of other immune cells into the inflamed tissue; on the other hand, M2 macrophages promote the resolution of inflammation, phagocytose apoptotic cells, drive collagen deposition, coordinate tissue integrity, and release anti-inflammatory mediators. Dramatic switches in cell metabolism accompany these phenotypic and functional changes of macrophages. In particular, M1 macrophages rely mainly on glycolysis and present two breaks on the TCA cycle that result in accumulation of itaconate (a microbicide compound) and succinate. Excess of succinate leads to Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) stabilization that, in turn, activates the transcription of glycolytic genes, thus sustaining the glycolytic metabolism of M1 macrophages. On the contrary, M2 cells are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), their TCA cycle is intact and provides the substrates for the complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). Moreover, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages are characterized by specific pathways that regulate the metabolism of lipids and amino acids and affect their responses. All these metabolic adaptations are functional to support macrophage activities as well as to sustain their polarization in specific contexts. The aim of this review is to discuss recent findings linking macrophage functions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Munari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Scolaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,IBIOM-CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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126
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Wang H, Lu J, Dolezal J, Kulkarni S, Zhang W, Chen A, Gorka J, Mandel JA, Prochownik EV. Inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma by metabolic normalization. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218186. [PMID: 31242205 PMCID: PMC6594671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In two different mouse liver cancer models, we recently showed that a switch from oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos) to glycolysis (the Warburg effect) is invariably accompanied by a marked decline in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and a reciprocal increase in the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which links glycolysis to the TCA cycle. We now show that short-term implementation of either medium-chain (MC) or long-chain (LC) high fat diets (HFDs) nearly doubled the survival of mice with c-Myc oncoprotein-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, HFDs forced tumors to become more reliant on fatty acids as an energy source, thus normalizing both FAO and PDH activities. More generally, both MC- and LC-HFDs partially or completely normalized the expression of 682 tumor-dysregulated transcripts, a substantial fraction of which are involved in cell cycle control, proliferation and metabolism. That these same transcripts were responsive to HFDs in livers strongly suggested that the changes were the cause of tumor inhibition rather than its consequence. In seven different human cancer cohorts, patients with tumors containing high ratios of FAO-related:glycolysis-related transcripts had prolonged survival relative to those with low ratios. Furthermore, in 13 human cancer types, the expression patterns of transcripts encoding enzymes participating in FAO and/or cholesterol biosynthesis also correlated with significantly prolonged survival. Collectively, our results support the idea that the survival benefits of HFDs are due to a reversal of the Warburg effect and other tumor-associated metabolic and cell cycle abnormalities. They also suggest that short-term dietary manipulation, either alone or in combination with more traditional chemotherapeutic regimens, might be employed as a relatively non-toxic and cost-effective means of enhancing survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Dolezal
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Angel Chen
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joanna Gorka
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jordan A. Mandel
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edward V. Prochownik
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The Hillman Cancer Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- The University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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127
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Mo Y, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang L, Zhou M, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Xiong F, Guo C. The role of Wnt signaling pathway in tumor metabolic reprogramming. J Cancer 2019; 10:3789-3797. [PMID: 31333796 PMCID: PMC6636296 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and development of tumors is a complex process involving long-term multi-factor participation. In this process, tumor cells from a set of abnormal metabolic patterns that are different from normal cells. This abnormal metabolic change is called metabolic reprogramming of tumors. Wnt signaling pathway is one of the critical signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. In recent years, it has been found that Wnt signaling participates in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors by affecting metabolic reprogramming. This paper reviews the role of Wnt signaling in tumor metabolic reprogramming to provide crucial theoretical guidance for targeted therapy and drug response of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lishen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Liting Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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128
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Matés JM, Di Paola FJ, Campos-Sandoval JA, Mazurek S, Márquez J. Therapeutic targeting of glutaminolysis as an essential strategy to combat cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:34-43. [PMID: 31100352 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer targets glutamine metabolism as a key mechanism to provide energy, biosynthetic precursors and redox requirements to allow the massive proliferation of tumor cells. Glutamine is also a signaling molecule involved in essential pathways regulated by oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors. Glutaminase isoenzymes are critical proteins to control glutaminolysis, a key metabolic pathway for cell proliferation and survival that directs neoplasms' fate. Adaptive glutamine metabolism can be altered by different metabolic therapies, including the use of specific allosteric inhibitors of glutaminase that can evoke synergistic effects for the therapy of cancer patients. We also review other clinical applications of in vivo assessment of glutaminolysis by metabolomic approaches, including diagnosis and monitoring of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Matés
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Floriana J Di Paola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Javier Márquez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain.
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129
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Rosso M, Lapyckyj L, Besso MJ, Monge M, Reventós J, Canals F, Quevedo Cuenca JO, Matos ML, Vazquez-Levin MH. Characterization of the molecular changes associated with the overexpression of a novel epithelial cadherin splice variant mRNA in a breast cancer model using proteomics and bioinformatics approaches: identification of changes in cell metabolism and an increased expression of lactate dehydrogenase B. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:5. [PMID: 31086659 PMCID: PMC6507066 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Alterations in epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression and functions are associated to BC, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We have previously reported a novel human E-cadherin splice variant (E-cadherin variant) mRNA. Stable transfectants in MCF-7 human BC cells (MCF7Ecadvar) depicted fibroblast-like cell morphology, E-cadherin wild-type downregulation, and other molecular changes characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process, reduced cell-cell adhesion, and increased cell migration and invasion. In this study, a two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) protein identification and bioinformatics analyses were done to characterize biological processes and canonical pathways affected by E-cadherin variant expression. Results By 2D-DIGE and MS analysis, 50 proteins were found differentially expressed (≥ Δ1.5) in MCF7Ecadvar compared to control cells. Validation of transcript expression was done in the ten most overexpressed and underexpressed proteins. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that 39 of the 50 proteins identified had been previously associated to BC. Moreover, metabolic processes were the most affected, and glycolysis the canonical pathway most altered. The lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) was the highest overexpressed protein, and transcript levels were higher in MCF7Ecadvar than in control cells. In agreement with these findings, MCF7Ecadvar conditioned media had lower glucose and higher lactate levels than control cells. MCF7Ecadvar cell treatment with 5 mM of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-glucose led to decreased cell viability, and modulation of LDHB expression in MCF7Ecadvar cells with a specific small interfering RNA resulted in decreased cell proliferation. Finally, a positive association between expression levels of the E-cadherin variant and LDHB transcripts was demonstrated in 21 human breast tumor tissues, and breast tumor samples with higher Ki67 expression showed higher LDHB mRNA levels. Conclusions Results from this investigation contributed to further characterize molecular changes associated to the novel E-cadherin splice variant expression in BC cells. They also revealed an association between expression of the novel variant and changes related to BC progression and aggressiveness, in particular those associated to cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rosso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Lapyckyj
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Besso
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marta Monge
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventós
- 3Departament de Ciències Bàsiques, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- 2Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Oswaldo Quevedo Cuenca
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Matos
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Hebe Vazquez-Levin
- Laboratorio de Estudios de Interacción Celular en Reproducción y Cáncer, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME; CONICET-FIBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
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130
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Gao S, Wang J, Tian S, Luo J. miR‑9 depletion suppresses the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting p16. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1921-1932. [PMID: 31081054 PMCID: PMC6521929 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common primary malignancy in adolescents and children. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) can regulate the progression of OS. Herein, we explored the target genes and effects of miR-9 in OS. Cell growth, colony formation and cell cycle were respectively examined using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), crystal violet staining and flow cytometry. The target gene of miR-9 was predicted according to the MicroRNA.org website. Luciferase activity was examined using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay kit. The corresponding factors levels were analyzed by carrying out reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. A mouse model of OS was also established and the volume and weight of the tumors of the mice with OS were measured. The levels of p16 in the mice with OS were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The data revealed a high expression of miR-9 and a low expression of p16 in the OS tissue. p16 was found to be the target gene for miR-9 in OS. miR-9 depletion decreased the proliferation and colony formation of Saos-2 cells by arresting the cells at the G1 phase, accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin A, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression levels. Moreover, miR-9 depletion inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). In vivo, miR-9 depletion decreased the tumor volume and weight and increased p16 expression in the mouse tumor tissues. Nevertheless, p16 silencing reversed the suppressive effects of miR-9 inhibitors on OS cells. On the whole, the findings of this study substantiate that miR-9 depletion suppresses cell proliferation by targeting p16 in OS and by mediating the activation of the ERK/p38/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Shujian Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Jonsson M, Fjeldbo CS, Holm R, Stokke T, Kristensen GB, Lyng H. Mitochondrial Function of CKS2 Oncoprotein Links Oxidative Phosphorylation with Cell Division in Chemoradioresistant Cervical Cancer. Neoplasia 2019; 21:353-362. [PMID: 30856376 PMCID: PMC6411633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
CDK regulatory subunit 2 (CKS2) has a nuclear function that promotes cell division and is a candidate biomarker of chemoradioresistance in cervical cancer. The underlying mechanisms are, however, not completely understood. We investigated whether CKS2 also has a mitochondrial function that augments tumor aggressiveness. Based on global gene expression data of two cervical cancer cohorts of 150 and 135 patients, we identified a set of genes correlated with CKS2 expression. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment of mitochondrial cellular compartments, and the hallmarks oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and targets of the MYC oncogene in the gene set. By in situ proximity ligation assay, we showed that CKS2 formed complex with the positively correlated MYC target, mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein SSBP1, in the mitochondrion of cervix tumor samples and HeLa and SiHa cervical cancer cell lines, indicating a role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and thereby OXPHOS. CDK1 was found to be part of the complex. Flow cytometry analyses of HeLa cells showed cell cycle regulation of the CKS2-SSBP1 complex consistent with mtDNA replication activity. Moreover, repression of mtDNA replication and OXPHOS by acute hypoxia decreased CKS2-SSBP1 complex abundance and expression of MYC targets. By immunohistochemistry, cytoplasmic CKS2 expression was found to add to the prognostic impact of nuclear CKS2 expression in patients, suggesting that the mitochondrial function promotes tumor aggressiveness. Our study uncovers a novel link between regulation of cell division by nuclear pathways and OXPHOS in the mitochondrion that involves CKS2 and promotes chemoradioresistance of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Jonsson
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ruth Holm
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Stokke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Balle Kristensen
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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132
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Popov DV, Makhnovskii PA, Shagimardanova EI, Gazizova GR, Lysenko EA, Gusev OA, Vinogradova OL. Contractile activity-specific transcriptome response to acute endurance exercise and training in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E605-E614. [PMID: 30779632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00449.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in daily activity leads to dramatic metabolic disorders, while regular aerobic exercise training is effective for preventing this problem. The purpose of this study was to identify genes that are directly related to contractile activity in human skeletal muscle, regardless of the level of fitness. Transcriptome changes after the one-legged knee extension exercise in exercised and contralateral nonexercised vastus lateralis muscle of seven men were evaluated by RNA-seq. Transcriptome change at baseline after 2 mo of aerobic training (5/wk, 1 h/day) was evaluated as well. Postexercise changes in the transcriptome of exercised muscle were associated with different factors, including circadian oscillations. To reveal transcriptome response specific for endurance-like contractile activity, differentially expressed genes between exercised and nonexercised muscle were evaluated at 1 and 4 h after the one-legged exercise. The contractile activity-specific transcriptome responses were associated only with an increase in gene expression and were regulated mainly by CREB/ATF/AP1-, MYC/MAX-, and E2F-related transcription factors. Endurance training-induced changes (an increase or decrease) in the transcriptome at baseline were more pronounced than transcriptome responses specific for acute contractile activity. Changes after training were associated with widely different biological processes than those after acute exercise and were regulated by different transcription factors (IRF- and STAT-related factors). In conclusion, adaptation to regular exercise is associated not only with a transient (over several hours) increase in expression of many contractile activity-specific genes, but also with a pronounced change (an increase or decrease) in expression of a large number of genes under baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil V Popov
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Pavel A Makhnovskii
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University , Kazan , Russia
| | - Guzel R Gazizova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University , Kazan , Russia
| | - Evgeny A Lysenko
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
| | - Oleg A Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University , Kazan , Russia
- Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, RIKEN, Wako , Japan
| | - Olga L Vinogradova
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russia
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133
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Liu H, Luo J, Luan S, He C, Li Z. Long non-coding RNAs involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:495-504. [PMID: 30341461 PMCID: PMC11105355 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming has now been accepted as a hallmark of cancer. Compared to normal cells, cancer cells exhibit different metabolic features, including increased glucose uptake, aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glutamine uptake and glutaminolysis, altered lipid metabolism, and so on. Cancer metabolic reprogramming, which supports excessive cell proliferation and growth, has been widely regulated by activation of oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressors. Here, we review that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect cancer metabolism by mutual regulation with oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Additionally, the interaction of lncRNAs with crucial transcription factors, metabolic enzymes or microRNAs can also effectively modulate the processes of cancer metabolism. LncRNAs-derived metabolism reprogramming allows cancer cells to maintain deregulated proliferation and withstand hostile microenvironment such as energy stress. Understanding the functions of lncRNAs in cancer metabolic reprogramming that contributes to carcinogenesis and cancer development may help to develop novel and effective strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Junyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Siyu Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China.
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134
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Ruan JJ, Yu Y, Hou W, Chen Z, Fang J, Zhang J, Ni M, Li D, Lu S, Rui J, Wu R, Zhang W, Ruan BH. Kidney-Type Glutaminase Inhibitor Hexylselen Selectively Kills Cancer Cells via a Three-Pronged Mechanism. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:18-30. [PMID: 32219214 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metabolism has been deeply investigated for cancer therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that glutamine deficiency alone could not completely inhibit cancer cell growth and that many potent kidney-type glutaminase (KGA) inhibitors did not show satisfying in vivo efficacy. The potent KGA allosteric inhibitor, CB-839, resulted in up to 80% growth inhibition of all tested cell lines, whereas Hexylselen (CPD-3B), a KGA/glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) inhibitor, showed essentially no toxicity to normal cells up to a 10 μM concentration and could completely inhibit the growth of many aggressive cell lines. Further analyses showed that CPD-3B targets not only KGA and GDH but also thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and amidotransferase (GatCAB), which results in corresponding regulation of Akt/Erk/caspase-9 signaling pathways. In an aggressive liver cancer xenograft model, CPD-3B significantly reduced tumor size, caused massive tumor tissue damage, and prolonged survival rate. These provide important information for furthering the drug design of an effective anticancer KGA allosteric inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jin Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jinzhang Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Muowei Ni
- Center for Cancer Research, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, PR China
| | - Di Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shiying Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingjing Rui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Benfang Helen Ruan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtza River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, IDD & CB, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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135
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Papa S, Choy PM, Bubici C. The ERK and JNK pathways in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming. Oncogene 2018; 38:2223-2240. [PMID: 30487597 PMCID: PMC6398583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most tumor cells reprogram their glucose metabolism as a result of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, leading to the constitutive activation of signaling pathways involved in cell growth. This metabolic reprogramming, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect, allows tumor cells to sustain their fast proliferation and evade apoptosis. Interfering with oncogenic signaling pathways that regulate the Warburg effect in cancer cells has therefore become an attractive anticancer strategy. However, evidence for the occurrence of the Warburg effect in physiological processes has also been documented. As such, close consideration of which signaling pathways are beneficial targets and the effect of their inhibition on physiological processes are essential. The MAPK/ERK and MAPK/JNK pathways, crucial for normal cellular responses to extracellular stimuli, have recently emerged as key regulators of the Warburg effect during tumorigenesis and normal cellular functions. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the roles of the ERK and JNK pathways in controlling the Warburg effect in cancer and discuss their implication in controlling this metabolic reprogramming in physiological processes and opportunities for targeting their downstream effectors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Papa
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK.
| | - Pui Man Choy
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Laboratory, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, St James' University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, UK.,Department of Research & Development, hVIVO PLC, Biopark, Broadwater Road, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Concetta Bubici
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Division of Biosciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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136
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Salisbury TB, Arthur S. The Regulation and Function of the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082373. [PMID: 30103560 PMCID: PMC6121554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer is associated with increases in amino acid uptake by cancer cells. Upon their entry into cells through specific transporters, exogenous amino acids are used to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids and lipids and to generate ATP. The essential amino acid leucine is also important for maintaining cancer-associated signaling pathways. By upregulating amino acid transporters, cancer cells gain greater access to exogenous amino acids to support chronic proliferation, maintain metabolic pathways, and to enhance certain signal transduction pathways. Suppressing cancer growth by targeting amino acid transporters will require an in-depth understanding of how cancer cells acquire amino acids, in particular, the transporters involved and which cancer pathways are most sensitive to amino acid deprivation. L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) mediates the uptake of essential amino acids and its expression is upregulated during the progression of several cancers. We will review the upstream regulators of LAT1 and the downstream effects caused by the overexpression of LAT1 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Salisbury
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical & Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Subha Arthur
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Clinical & Translational Science, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
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137
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Wang H, Dolezal JM, Kulkarni S, Lu J, Mandel J, Jackson LE, Alencastro F, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Myc and ChREBP transcription factors cooperatively regulate normal and neoplastic hepatocyte proliferation in mice. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14740-14757. [PMID: 30087120 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogous to the c-Myc (Myc)/Max family of bHLH-ZIP transcription factors, there exists a parallel regulatory network of structurally and functionally related proteins with Myc-like functions. Two related Myc-like paralogs, termed MondoA and MondoB/carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), up-regulate gene expression in heterodimeric association with the bHLH-ZIP Max-like factor Mlx. Myc is necessary to support liver cancer growth, but not for normal hepatocyte proliferation. Here, we investigated ChREBP's role in these processes and its relationship to Myc. Unlike Myc loss, ChREBP loss conferred a proliferative disadvantage to normal murine hepatocytes, as did the combined loss of ChREBP and Myc. Moreover, hepatoblastomas (HBs) originating in myc-/-, chrebp-/-, or myc-/-/chrebp-/- backgrounds grew significantly more slowly. Metabolic studies on livers and HBs in all three genetic backgrounds revealed marked differences in oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. RNA-Seq of livers and HBs suggested seven distinct mechanisms of Myc-ChREBP target gene regulation. Gene ontology analysis indicated that many transcripts deregulated in the chrebp-/- background encode enzymes functioning in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and β- and ω-FAO, whereas those dysregulated in the myc-/- background encode enzymes functioning in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and sterol biosynthesis. In the myc-/-/chrebp-/- background, additional deregulated transcripts included those involved in peroxisomal β- and α-FAO. Finally, we observed that Myc and ChREBP cooperatively up-regulated virtually all ribosomal protein genes. Our findings define the individual and cooperative proliferative, metabolic, and transcriptional roles for the "Extended Myc Network" under both normal and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Wang
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - James M Dolezal
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Jie Lu
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Jordan Mandel
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | - Laura E Jackson
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
| | | | | | - Edward V Prochownik
- From the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, .,the Pittsburgh Liver Center.,the Hillman Cancer Center of UPMC, and.,the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
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138
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Ježek J, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P. Aglycemic HepG2 Cells Switch From Aminotransferase Glutaminolytic Pathway of Pyruvate Utilization to Complete Krebs Cycle at Hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:637. [PMID: 30416487 PMCID: PMC6212521 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells are forced to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), when cultured in aglycemic conditions at galactose and glutamine. These Oxphos cells represent a prototype of cancer cell bioenergetics with mixed aerobic glycolysis and OXPHOS. We aimed to determine fractions of (i) glutaminolytic pathway involving aminotransferase reaction supplying 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to the Krebs cycle vs. (ii) active segment of the Krebs cycle with aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase-3 (ACO-IDH3), which is typically inactive in cancer cells due to the citrate export from mitochondria. At normoxia, Oxphos cell respiration was decreased down to ~15 and ~10% by the aminotransferase inhibitor aminooxyacetate (AOA) or with AOA plus the glutamate-dehydrogenase inhibitor bithionol, respectively. Phosphorylating to non-phosphorylating respiration ratios dropped from >6.5 to 1.9 with AOA and to zero with AOA plus bithionol. Thus, normoxic Oxphos HepG2 cells rely predominantly on glutaminolysis. Addition of membrane-permeant dimethyl-2-oxoglutarate (dm2OG) to inhibited cells instantly partially restored respiration, evidencing the lack of 2OG-dehydrogenase substrate upon aminotransferase inhibition. Surprisingly, after 72 hr of 5% O2 hypoxia, the AOA (bithionol) inhibition ceased and respiration was completely restored. Thus in aglycemic HepG2 cells, the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) upregulation of glycolytic enzymes enabled acceleration of glycolysis pathway, preceded by galactolysis (Leloir pathway), redirecting pyruvate via still incompletely blocked pyruvate dehydrogenase toward the ACO-IDH3. Glycolytic flux upregulation at hypoxia was evidently matched by a higher activity of the Leloir pathway in Oxphos cells. Hypoxic Oxphos cells increased 2-fold the NADPH oxidase activity, whereas hypoxic glycolytic cells decreased it. Oxphos cells and glycolytic cells at 5 mM glucose decreased their reduced glutathione fraction. In contrast to aglycemic cells, glycolytic HepG2 cells decreased their respiration at hypoxia despite the dm2OG presence, i.e., even at unlimited respiratory substrate availability for 72 hr at 5% O2, exhibiting the canonical HIF-mediated adaptation. Nevertheless, their ATP content was much higher with dm2OG as compared to its absence during hypoxic adaptation. Thus, the metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is illustrated under conditions frequently established for solid tumors in vivo, such as aglycemia plus hypoxia. Consequently, a wide acceptance of the irreversible and exclusive Warburg phenotype in cancer cells is incorrect.
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