101
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Siego CV, Sanchez SE, Jimenez ML, Rondon MB, Williams MA, Peterlin BL, Gelaye B. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and migraine among teenage mothers in Peru. J Psychosom Res 2021; 147:110507. [PMID: 34020343 PMCID: PMC8852843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between (1) different types of ACEs and migraine, and (2) the number of ACEs and migraine among adolescent mothers in Lima, Peru. METHODS Our cross-sectional study included 787 adolescent mothers (14- to 18-years of age) in Peru. In-person interviews were conducted postpartum, in hospital, within 2-days of delivery. Nine types of ACEs were assessed, including exposure to three categories of abuse, two categories of neglect, and four categories of household dysfunction. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between ACEs and migraine while adjusting for putative confounders. RESULTS Approximately 75% of adolescent mothers reported having experienced at least one type of ACE. Adolescent mothers who reported any childhood abuse had 1.49-fold increased odds of migraine (aOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.03-2.18) compared to those with no history of childhood abuse. Adolescent mothers who reported experiencing household dysfunction had 1.56-fold increase odds of migraine (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.09-2.24). Compared to participants who reported no ACE, those who experienced four or more ACEs had 3.09-fold (aOR = 3.09; 95% CI 1.80-5.40) increased odds of migraine (ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSION Exposure to ACEs is highly prevalent in adolescent-aged mothers postpartum and is associated with increased odds of migraine. These findings support the importance of screening for ACEs and migraine among adolescent mothers; and the need for providing culturally appropriate, trauma-informed headache care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sixto E. Sanchez
- Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru,Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Marta B. Rondon
- Department of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - B. Lee Peterlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Headache Center, Lancaster, PA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Chester M. Pierce, M.D. Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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102
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Mundorf A, Koch J, Kubitza N, Wagner SC, Schmidt M, Gass P, Freund N. Morc1 as a potential new target gene in mood regulation: when and where to find in the brain. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2999-3005. [PMID: 34331083 PMCID: PMC8536634 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal and human studies connected the Morc family CW-type zinc finger 1 (Morc1) gene with early life stress and depression. Moreover, the Morc superfamily is related to epigenetic regulation in diverse nuclear processes. So far, the Morc1 gene was mainly studied in spermatogenesis, whereas its distribution and function in the brain are still unknown. In a first attempt to characterize Morc1 in the brain, we performed a Western Blot analysis as well as a real-time PCR analysis during different stages of development. Additionally, we detected Morc1 mRNA using real-time PCR in different mood-regulating brain areas in adult rats. We found that MORC1 protein as well as Morc1 mRNA is already expressed in the brain at embryonic day 14 and is stably expressed until adulthood. Furthermore, Morc1 mRNA is present in many important brain areas of mood regulation like the medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, and the amygdala. The ample distribution in the brain and its molecular structure as a zinc finger protein indicate that Morc1 might act as a transcription factor. This function and its expression in mood-regulating areas already in the early brain development turn Morc1 into a possible candidate gene for mediating early life stress and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annakarina Mundorf
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Experimentelle Und Molekulare Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institute for Systems Medicine, Department of Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Koch
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Experimentelle Und Molekulare Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Kubitza
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Experimentelle Und Molekulare Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Selina C Wagner
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Experimentelle Und Molekulare Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michaela Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim (ZI), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Experimentelle Und Molekulare Psychiatrie, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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103
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Ross MC, Dvorak D, Sartin-Tarm A, Botsford C, Cogswell I, Hoffstetter A, Putnam O, Schomaker C, Smith P, Stalsberg A, Wang Y, Xiong M, Cisler JM. Gray matter volume correlates of adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder: A comparison of manual intervention and automated segmentation in FreeSurfer. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 313:111297. [PMID: 33962164 PMCID: PMC8205994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life trauma is common and confers risk for psychological disorders in adolescence, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma exposure and PTSD are also consistently linked to alterations in gray matter volume (GMV). Despite the quantity of structural neuroimaging research in trauma-exposed populations, little consensus exists amongst research groups on best practices for image processing method and manual editing procedures. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the utility of manual editing of magnetic resonance (MR) images for detecting PTSD-related group differences in GMV. Here, T1-weighted MR images from adolescent girls aged 11-17 were obtained and analyzed. Two datasets were created from the FreeSurfer reconall pipeline, one of which was manually edited by trained research assistants. Gray matter regions of interest were selected and total volume estimates were entered into linear mixed effects models with method (manual edits or automated) as a within-subjects factor and group dummy-coded with PTSD as the reference group. Consistent with prior literature, individuals with PTSD demonstrated reduced GMV of the amygdala compared to trauma-exposed and non-trauma exposed controls, independent of editing method. Our results demonstrate that amygdala GMV reductions in PTSD are robust to certain methodological choices and do not suggest a benefit to the time-intensive manual editing pipeline in FreeSurfer for quantifying PTSD-related GMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States; Neuroscience and Public Policy Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States.
| | - Delaney Dvorak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Anneliis Sartin-Tarm
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE United States
| | - Chloe Botsford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Ian Cogswell
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, WA United States
| | - Ashley Hoffstetter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Olivia Putnam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL United States
| | - Chloe Schomaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Penda Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Anna Stalsberg
- Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota- Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN United States
| | - Yunling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Megan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
| | - Josh M Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI United States
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104
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Cox A, Frederico M, Mosse H, Radford L, Ambry D, Ryan C. Australian Maltreated Infants and Young Children Can Achieve Positive Relational Health With Neurodevelopmentally- and Trauma-Informed Interventions Provided Within Relationally-Positive and Stable Environments. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680343. [PMID: 34393846 PMCID: PMC8355362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment such as abuse, neglect and family violence has a profound impact on children's psychological and relational functioning and their lifelong trajectory, with associated adverse physical and mental health outcomes, higher mortality rates and reduced socioeconomic opportunities. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of neurodevelopmentally- and trauma-informed interventions on the relational health of children who have experienced maltreatment. Context: The study was conducted at Berry Street Take Two, an Australian therapeutic service. Take Two provides services to Victorian children aged 0-18 years, to address the impact of the trauma they have experienced from maltreatment. Take Two clinicians use relational and ecological frameworks, neurodevelopmental research and evidence-informed approaches to repair family relationships and develop networks of caring adults that focus on meeting the child's needs. Take Two uses the NMT approach as a framework for clinical intervention-planning and is site-certified in the use of the NMT Clinical Practice tools. Method: The mixed methods study had two components. A cross sectional study of baseline and repeat clinical measure data (HoNOSCA and SDQ) with a cohort of children aged 2-11 years (n = 91), who were clients of Berry Street Take Two between 2014 and 2019, was conducted utilizing SPSS. The quantitative data analysis was supplemented by three case studies of Berry Street Take Two clients, which explored the process of intervention, including intervention type, timing and dosage. The case studies drew on the full case record for each child to illustrate the impact of NMT-informed interventions on the relational health, psychological and behavioral functioning of children. Results: The study found that Take Two intervention was associated with improved relational health, measured by the NMT metric and supported by significant positive changes on the SDQ and HoNOSCA with medium effect sizes (cohen's d). The case study analysis highlighted the importance of intervention addressing individual, family and systems elements to bring about positive change. Conclusions: This study illustrates the value of neurodevelopmental trauma-informed interventions in positively impacting on the relational health and current functioning of maltreated children and the potential to reduce the lifelong impact of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cox
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Margarita Frederico
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Mosse
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyn Radford
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas Ambry
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Ryan
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
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105
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The Interaction Effects of Suicidal Ideation and Childhood Abuse on Brain Structure and Function in Major Depressive Disorder Patients. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:7088856. [PMID: 34335734 PMCID: PMC8321745 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7088856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicidal ideation (SI) is a direct risk factor for suicide in patients with depression. Regarding the emergence of SI, previous studies have discovered many risk factors, including childhood abuse as the major public problem. Previous imaging studies have demonstrated that SI or childhood abuse has effects on brain structure and function, respectively, but the interaction effects between them have not been fully studied. To explore the interaction effect between SI and childhood abuse, 215 patients with major depressive disorder completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to evaluate childhood abuse and Beck's Scale for Suicidal Ideation to evaluate SI. Then, they completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within one week after completing questionnaires. Respectively, we preprocessed the structural and functional images and analyzed gray matter volumes (GMV) and mean fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (mfALFF) values. Results showed that the changes of GMV in the cuneus, precuneus, paracentric lobule, inferior frontal gyrus, and caudate nucleus and local activity in cuneal and middle temporal gyrus are in relation with SI and childhood abuse. And in left caudate, SI and childhood abuse interact with each other on the influence of GMV. That is, the influence of SI in GMV was related to childhood abuse, and the influence of childhood abuse in GMV was also related to SI. Therefore, the combination of SI and childhood abuse based on imaging should help us better understand the suicide ideation developing mechanism and propose more effective targeted prevention strategies for suicide prevention.
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106
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Lee SW, Kim S, Lee SJ, Cha H, Song H, Won S, Chang Y, Jeong B. Effects of emotional maltreatment on semantic network activity during cognitive reappraisal. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1181-1190. [PMID: 32710334 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maltreatment experiences alter brain development associated with emotion processing, and dysregulation of emotion may trigger mental health problems in maltreated people. However, studies revealing alterations in brain networks during cognitive reappraisal in victims of maltreatment are strikingly insufficient. In this study, 27 healthy subjects were recruited. The maltreatment experiences and positive reappraisal abilities were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), respectively. A cognitive reappraisal task using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) was designed for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. Cognitive reappraisal induced more activities in the bilateral inferior parietal lobes and bilateral middle temporal gyri compared to the condition of "look" (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, the left inferior parietal lobe and right middle temporal gyrus functionally interacted with components of the default mode network, including the precuneus and the posterior cingulate cortex. In residual analyses after controlling for age and depressive symptoms, the bilateral inferior parietal and middle temporal activities exhibited positive correlations with cognitive reappraisal abilities (all ps < 0.05), and emotional maltreatment experiences were negatively correlated with the left inferior parietal cortex, bilateral middle temporal cortex activities, and left inferior parietal lobe-posterior cingulate cortex connectivity (all ps < 0.05). We found that semantic networks were significant to cognitive reappraisal, especially reinterpretation, and negative effects of emotional maltreatment experiences on semantic network activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seungho Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyunsil Cha
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Huijin Song
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
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107
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Alyousefi‐van Dijk K, van der Knaap N, Buisman RS, Horstman LI, Lotz AM, Riem MME, Schuengel C, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans‐Kranenburg MJ. White matter integrity moderates the relation between experienced childhood maltreatment and fathers' behavioral response to infant crying. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1399-1414. [PMID: 33200821 PMCID: PMC8451806 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to provide appropriate responses to infant distress is vital to paternal care, but may be affected by fathers' experiences of childhood maltreatment. Detrimental effects of childhood maltreatment have been found in the adult brain's white matter fibers, accompanied with impaired emotional and cognitive functioning. In the current study (N = 121), we examined new and expectant fathers' childhood maltreatment experiences (i.e. emotional and physical abuse and neglect), current behavioral responses (i.e. handgrip force) to infant cry sounds, and white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging. First, more exposure to childhood maltreatment was associated with more use of excessive handgrip force in response to infant crying by fathers. Second, the association between experienced childhood maltreatment and white matter integrity was not significant in whole-brain analyses. Lastly, we found that the association between maltreatment exposure and excessive handgrip force during infant crying was absent in fathers with high tract integrity in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus. These findings possibly point to insufficient behavioral inhibition or emotional dysregulation in fathers who experienced childhood maltreatment, but buffering for this effect in those with larger integrity in brain fibers connecting the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Alyousefi‐van Dijk
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Noa van der Knaap
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Renate S.M. Buisman
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa I. Horstman
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Anna M. Lotz
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Madelon M. E. Riem
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Behavioral Science InstituteRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Carlo Schuengel
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans‐Kranenburg
- Clinical Child & Family StudiesFaculty of Behavioral and Movement SciencesVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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108
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Kwon A, Kim S, Jeon H, Lee HS, Lee SH. Influence of FKBP5 Variants and Childhood Trauma on Brain Volume in Non-clinical Individuals. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:663052. [PMID: 34149370 PMCID: PMC8209293 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.663052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the possible influence of childhood trauma and its interaction effect with 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) gene on brain volume in non-clinical individuals. One hundred forty-four non-clinical volunteers (44 men and 100 women) were genotyped with respect to 10 variants (rs9296158, rs3800373, rs1360780, rs9470080, rs4713916, rs4713919, rs6902321, rs56311918, rs3798345, and rs9380528) of FKBP5. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and psychological assessments such as the childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, rumination response scale, and quality of life assessment instrument. Individuals with the high CTQ score showed enlarged volume of the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) if they have childhood trauma-susceptible genotype of FKBP5 rs3800373, rs1360780, rs4713916, rs4713919, rs6902321, and rs3798345 and enlarged volume of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) if they have childhood trauma-susceptible genotype of FKBP5 rs3800373, rs1360780, rs4713916, and rs3798345. Among those with the childhood trauma-susceptible genotype, the left OFC and left MTG showed significant negative correlations with positive feelings about life, and the left OFC showed significant positive correlations with negative cognition. This is one of the few studies to identify the volume alteration of the left OFC and the left MTG for the FKBP5 gene–childhood trauma interaction in non-clinical individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeran Kwon
- Department of Social Welfare and Counseling, Chodang University, Muan, South Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Jeon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seo Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
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109
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Kiyar M, Lommen MJJ, Krebs RM, Daniels JK, Mueller SC. Reward prospect improves inhibitory control in female university students with a history of childhood sexual and physical abuse. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2021; 71:101629. [PMID: 33217704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Childhood abuse and neglect increase the risk for psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression and anxiety) during adulthood and have been associated with deficits in cognitive control. The specific mechanisms underlying these cognitive control deficits are still unknown. METHODS This study examined the expectation for reward to improve inhibitory control in young women (ages 18-35 years) with a history of childhood sexual and/or physical abuse (AG, N = 28), childhood emotional and/or physical neglect (NG, N = 30), or unaffected comparison women (HC, N = 40). They completed a previously validated rewarded (color-word) Stroop task and filled out questionnaires on depression, anxiety, and resilience. RESULTS Surprisingly, a significant group by reward interaction revealed larger performance benefits under reward prospect (relative to no-reward) for the AG group relative to both the NG and HC groups. LIMITATIONS A small sample size limiting generalizability. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate sensitivity of abused subjects to reward in modulating cognitive control and might aid in discussing whether using reward schedules during therapeutic interventions could be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kiyar
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Miriam J J Lommen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth M Krebs
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium; Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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110
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LoCascio M, Infurna MR, Guarnaccia C, Mancuso L, Bifulco A, Giannone F. Does Childhood Psychological Abuse Contribute to Intimate Partner Violence Victimization? An Investigation Using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Interview. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4626-NP4652. [PMID: 30136884 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518794512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although psychological abuse is recognized as a particularly insidious form of child abuse, research on the impact of this type of abuse related to intimate partner violence (IPV) is scant. This study examined the contribution of childhood psychological abuse to IPV in female victims and non-victims. Furthermore, it investigated the role of cumulative abuse in predicting IPV. The study included 38 women victims of IPV and 40 non-IPV women. All participants were investigated using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Interview (CECA); the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) and the IPV History Interview were used to assess IPV in the last year and lifetime, respectively. Results indicated that psychological abuse was a stronger predictor of IPV than other maltreatment types. Furthermore, dose-response effects of cumulative abuse on IPV are well evidenced. Future research should continue examining impacts of psychological abuse on IPV so as to further inform clinical practice and intervention planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria LoCascio
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Infurna
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Cinzia Guarnaccia
- Parisian Laboratory of Social Psychology (LAPPS), Paris 8 University, France
| | - Laura Mancuso
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonia Bifulco
- Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London
| | - Francesca Giannone
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
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111
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An I, Bang M, Lee SH. The interaction effect of early trauma exposure and a diagnosis of panic disorder on cortical thickness. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:259-266. [PMID: 33752040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early trauma (ET) is a risk factor for adult psychiatric disorders. ET exposure is known to cause structural brain alterations, particularly in the fronto-temporo-limbic circuitry. ET-related effects on brain development may differ based on individual characteristics and cause different psychiatric outcomes. We investigated the interaction effect of ET exposure and panic disorder (PD) on cortical thickness. METHODS Sixty-six participants with PD and 66 healthy controls were enrolled. High-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired, and a whole-brain vertex-based analysis was performed to estimate cortical thickness. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report-Short Form, Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-Revised, Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between ET exposure and PD on the mean cortical thickness in the bilateral insula and right pars triangularis. An exploratory correlational analysis revealed a positive correlation between the mean cortical thickness in the left insula and severity of anxiety sensitivity to cardiovascular symptoms in participants with PD. LIMITATIONS Our findings may be affected by recall bias because this study is limited by its retrospective cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ET exposure may affect brain structures differently based on a diagnosis of PD. Furthermore, individual variations in brain alterations after ET may confer trait vulnerability that triggers the development of PD. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the neurobiological mechanisms underlying ET and psychiatric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseul An
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Clinical Counseling Psychology Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea.
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112
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Lamoureux-Tremblay V, Chauret M, Muckle G, Maheu F, Suffren S, Jacobson SW, Jacobson JL, Ayotte P, Lepore F, Saint-Amour D. Altered functional activations of prefrontal brain areas during emotional processing of fear in Inuit adolescents exposed to environmental contaminants. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 85:106973. [PMID: 33741477 PMCID: PMC8137647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury, lead and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been associated with emotional dysregulation, but their neuronal correlates have yet to be examined. Inuit from Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada) face internalizing problems and are among the most exposed individuals to these environmental contaminants in the world. The aim of this study was to examine the link between pre- and postnatal exposure to these contaminants and brain fear-circuitry in Inuit adolescents. Facial expression stimuli were presented to participants (mean age = 18.3 years) in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Fear conditioning and extinction tasks included neutral faces as the conditioned threat and safety cues and a fearful face paired with a shrieking scream as the unconditioned stimulus. Functional MRI data were gathered at the conditioning phase (n = 71) and at the extinction phase (n = 62). Mercury, lead and PCB 153 concentrations were measured in blood samples at birth (cord blood) and at the time of the adolescent testing to estimate pre- and postnatal exposure, respectively. For each time point, exposures were categorized in tertiles (low, moderate and high exposed groups). Mixed analyses of variance were conducted for each contaminant of interest controlling for sex, age, socioeconomic status, drug/alcohol use, food insecurity and contaminant co-exposure. Results revealed greater differential activation during the conditioning phase in the right orbitofrontal cortex in participants with moderate and high concentrations of cord blood PCB 153 compared to those in the low exposure group. During the extinction phase, the high prenatal mercury exposed group showed a lower differential activation in the right and left anterior cingulate cortex compared to those in the low-exposed group; whereas there was a higher differential activation in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the high postnatal lead exposed group compared to the moderate- and low-exposed groups. Our study is the first to show alterations in the prefrontal brain areas in fear conditioning and extinction tasks in relation to environmental contaminant exposures. The observed brain correlates may advance our understanding of the emotional problems associated with environmental chemical toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mélissa Chauret
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de Recherche du CHUQ de Québec-Université Laval, École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Françoise Maheu
- Research Centre of CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Suffren
- Research Centre of CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Franco Lepore
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dave Saint-Amour
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Research Centre of CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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113
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114
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Child maltreatment, cognitive functions and the mediating role of mental health problems among maltreated children and adolescents in Uganda. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:22. [PMID: 33941232 PMCID: PMC8091686 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00373-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment poses high risks to the mental health and cognitive functioning of children not only in childhood but also in later life. However, it remains unclear whether child maltreatment is directly associated with impaired cognitive functioning or whether this link is mediated by mental health problems. Our study aimed at examining this research question among children and adolescents in Uganda. METHODS A sample of 232 school-going children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.03 (SD = 3.25) was assessed on multiple forms of maltreatment using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology Exposure-Pediatric Version (pediMACE). Executive functions were assessed by the Tower of London task and working memory by the Corsi Block Tapping task, while mental health problems were assessed using the Child PTSD Symptom Scale for PTSD and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). RESULTS In total, 232 (100%) of the participant reported to have experienced at least one type of maltreatment in their lifetime including emotional, physical, and sexual violence as well as neglect. We found a negative association between child maltreatment and executive functions (β = - 0.487, p < 0.001) and working memory (β = - 0.242, p = 0.001). Mental health problems did not mediate this relationship. CONCLUSIONS Child maltreatment seems to be related to lower working memory and executive functioning of affected children and adolescents even after controlling for potential cofounders. Our study indicates that child maltreatment the affects children's cognitive functionality beyond health and well-being.
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115
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Impact of childhood maltreatment and resilience on behavioral and neural patterns of inhibitory control during emotional distraction. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1260-1271. [PMID: 33827733 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to childhood maltreatment (CM) may disrupt typical development of neural systems underlying impulse control and emotion regulation. Yet resilient outcomes are observed in some individuals exposed to CM. Individual differences in adult functioning may result from variation in inhibitory control in the context of emotional distractions, underpinned by cognitive-affective brain circuits. Thirty-eight healthy adults with a history of substantiated CM and 34 nonmaltreated adults from the same longitudinal sample performed a Go/No-Go task in which task-relevant stimuli (letters) were presented at the center of task-irrelevant, negative, or neutral images, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. The comparison group, but not the maltreated group, made increased inhibitory control errors in the context of negative, but not neutral, distractor images. In addition, the comparison group had greater right inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral frontal pole activation during inhibitory control blocks with negative compared to neutral background images relative to the CM group. Across the full sample, greater adaptive functioning in everyday contexts was associated with superior inhibitory control and greater right frontal pole activation. Results suggest that resilience following early adversity is associated with enhanced attention and behavioral regulation in the context of task-irrelevant negative emotional stimuli in a laboratory setting.
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116
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Zhang H, Wong TY, Broekman BFP, Chong YS, Shek LP, Gluckman PD, Tan KH, Meaney MJ, Fortier MV, Qiu A. Maternal Adverse Childhood Experience and Depression in Relation with Brain Network Development and Behaviors in Children: A Longitudinal Study. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4233-4244. [PMID: 33825872 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal childhood maltreatment and depression increase risks for the psychopathology of the offspring. This study employed a longitudinal dataset of mother-child dyads to investigate the developmental trajectories of brain functional networks and behaviors of children in relation with maternal childhood adverse experience and depression. Maternal childhood trauma was retrospectively assessed via childhood trauma questionnaire, whereas maternal depressive symptoms were prospectively evaluated during pregnancy and after delivery (n = 518). Child brain scans were acquired at age of 4.5, 6, and 7.5 years (n = 163) and behavioral problems were measured at 7.5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist. We found the functional connectivity of the language network with the sensorimotor, frontal, and attentional networks as a function of maternal adverse experience that interacted with sex and age. Girls exposed to mothers with depressive symptoms or childhood abuse showed the increased development of the functional connectivity of the language network with the visual networks, which was associated with social problems. Girls exposed to mothers with depressive symptoms showed the slower growth of the functional connectivity of the language network with the sensorimotor networks. Our findings, in a community sample, suggest the language network organization as neuroendophenotypes for maternal childhood trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Ting-Yat Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Psychiatry, OLVG and Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 HJ, the Netherlands
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore 117609, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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117
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Goltermann J, Redlich R, Grotegerd D, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, Böhnlein J, Förster K, Meinert S, Enneking V, Richter M, Repple J, DeVillers I, Kloecker M, Jansen A, Krug A, Nenadić I, Brosch K, Meller T, Stein F, Schmitt S, Rietschel M, Streit F, Witt SH, Forstner AJ, Nöthen MM, Baune BT, Andlauer TFM, Kircher T, Opel N, Dannlowski U. Childhood maltreatment and cognitive functioning: the role of depression, parental education, and polygenic predisposition. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:891-899. [PMID: 32801319 PMCID: PMC8115656 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with cognitive deficits that in turn have been predictive for therapeutic outcome in psychiatric patients. However, previous studies have either investigated maltreatment associations with single cognitive domains or failed to adequately control for confounders such as depression, socioeconomic environment, and genetic predisposition. We aimed to isolate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and dysfunction in diverse cognitive domains, while estimating the contribution of potential confounders to this relationship, and to investigate gene-environment interactions. We included 547 depressive disorder and 670 healthy control participants (mean age: 34.7 years, SD = 13.2). Cognitive functioning was assessed for the domains of working memory, executive functioning, processing speed, attention, memory, and verbal intelligence using neuropsychological tests. Childhood maltreatment and parental education were assessed using self-reports, and psychiatric diagnosis was based on DSM-IV criteria. Polygenic scores for depression and for educational attainment were calculated. Multivariate analysis of cognitive domains yielded significant associations with childhood maltreatment (η²p = 0.083, P < 0.001), depression (η²p = 0.097, P < 0.001), parental education (η²p = 0.085, P < 0.001), and polygenic scores for depression (η²p = 0.021, P = 0.005) and educational attainment (η²p = 0.031, P < 0.001). Each of these associations remained significant when including all of the predictors in one model. Univariate tests revealed that maltreatment was associated with poorer performance in all cognitive domains. Thus, environmental, psychopathological, and genetic risk factors each independently affect cognition. The insights of the current study may aid in estimating the potential impact of different loci of interventions for cognitive dysfunction. Future research should investigate if customized interventions, informed by individual risk profiles and related cognitive preconditions, might enhance response to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Goltermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maike Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Marine Kloecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simon Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Purcell JB, Goodman AM, Harnett NG, Davis ES, Wheelock MD, Mrug S, Elliott MN, Emery ST, Schuster MA, Knight DC. Stress-elicited neural activity in young adults varies with childhood sexual abuse. Cortex 2021; 137:108-123. [PMID: 33609897 PMCID: PMC8044018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood physical and sexual abuse are stressful experiences that may alter the emotional response to future stressors. Stress-related emotional function is supported by brain regions that include the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala. The present study investigated whether childhood physical and sexual abuse are associated with stress-elicited brain activity in young adulthood. METHODS Participants (N = 300; Mage = 20.0; 151 female) completed a psychosocial stress task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Measures of physical and sexual abuse were included in a linear mixed effects model to estimate the unique relationship each type of childhood abuse had with stress-elicited brain activity. RESULTS Stress-elicited dorsolateral PFC, ventromedial PFC, and hippocampal activity decreased as the frequency of childhood sexual abuse increased. There were no regions in which stress-elicited activation varied with physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest there is a unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse and the stress-elicited PFC and hippocampal activity of young adults that is not observed following childhood physical abuse. SIGNIFICANCE These findings may have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which childhood sexual abuse impacts the development of future psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliann B Purcell
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Adam M Goodman
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Elizabeth S Davis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Susan Tortolero Emery
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mark A Schuster
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - David C Knight
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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119
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Acosta H, Jansen A, Kircher T. Larger bilateral amygdalar volumes are associated with affective loss experiences. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1763-1779. [PMID: 33789356 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Affective loss (AL) (i.e., bereavement, relationship breakup) is a stressful life event leading to a heightened risk of developing a psychiatric disorder, for example, depression and anxiety disorder. These disorders have been associated with altered subcortical brain volumes. Little is known though, how AL in healthy subjects is linked to subcortical volumes. In a study with 196 healthy young adults, we probed the association between AL across the individual entire life span, assessed via the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire, and magnetic resonance imaging brain gray matter volumes (a priori selected: bilateral amygdalae, hippocampi, thalami; exploratory analyses: nuclei accumbens, caudate, putamina), segmented by use of volBrain. AL was defined as death of a first-degree relative/spouse, close relative/friend, and breakup of a marriage or steady relationship. AL was associated with larger bilateral amygdalar volumes and, after taking into account the total number of ALs, with smaller right hippocampal volumes, both irrespective of sex. Exploratory analyses of striatal volumes yielded an association of AL with larger right nucleus accumbens volumes in men, and increased caudate volumes after the loss of a first-degree relative irrespective of sex. Our data suggest that AL engenders alterations in limbic structures that likely involve processes of chronic stress and amygdala- and hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning, and resemble those observed in general anxiety disorder, childhood maltreatment, and major depressive disorder. Our exploratory findings of striatal volume alterations hint at a modulation of reward processing by AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Acosta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Core-Unit Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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120
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Prefrontal cortex and amygdala anatomy in youth with persistent levels of harsh parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms over time during childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:957-968. [PMID: 33745487 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity and anxiety have been associated with increased risk for internalizing disorders later in life and with a range of brain structural abnormalities. However, few studies have examined the link between harsh parenting practices and brain anatomy, outside of severe maltreatment or psychopathology. Moreover, to our knowledge, there has been no research on parenting and subclinical anxiety symptoms which remain persistent over time during childhood (i.e., between 2.5 and 9 years old). Here, we examined data in 94 youth, divided into four cells based on their levels of coercive parenting (high / low) and of anxiety (high / low) between 2.5 and 9 years old. Anatomical images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and FreeSurfer. Smaller gray matter volumes in the prefrontal cortex regions and in the amygdala were observed in youth with high versus low levels of harsh parenting over time. In addition, we observed significant interaction effects between parenting practices and subclinical anxiety symptoms in rostral anterior cingulate cortical thickness and in amygdala volume. These youth should be followed further in time to identify which youth will or will not go on to develop an anxiety disorder, and to understand factors associated with the development of sustained anxiety psychopathology.
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121
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Quidé Y, Bortolasci CC, Spolding B, Kidnapillai S, Watkeys OJ, Cohen-Woods S, Carr VJ, Berk M, Walder K, Green MJ. Systemic inflammation and grey matter volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Moderation by childhood trauma severity. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110013. [PMID: 32540496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated levels of systemic inflammation are consistently reported in both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar-I disorder (BD), and are associated with childhood trauma exposure. We tested whether childhood trauma exposure moderates associations between systemic inflammation and brain morphology in people with these diagnoses. METHODS Participants were 55 SZ cases, 52 BD cases and 59 healthy controls (HC) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Systemic inflammation was measured using a composite z-score derived from serum concentrations of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and C-reactive protein. Indices of grey matter volume covariation (GMC) were derived from independent component analysis. Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ Total score). RESULTS A series of moderated moderation analyses indicated that increased systemic inflammation were associated with increased GMC in the striatum and cerebellum among all participants. Severity of childhood trauma exposure moderated the relationship between systemic inflammation and GMC in one component, differently among the groups. Specifically, decreased GMC in the PCC/precuneus, parietal lobule and postcentral gyrus, and increased GMC in the left middle temporal gyrus was associated with increased systemic inflammation in HC individuals exposed to high (but not low or average) levels of trauma and in SZ cases exposed to low (but not average or high) levels of trauma, but not in BD cases. CONCLUSIONS Increased systemic inflammation is associated with grey matter changes in people with psychosis, and these relationships may be partially and differentially moderated by childhood trauma exposure according to diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Quidé
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Briana Spolding
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Srisaiyini Kidnapillai
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Oliver J Watkeys
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Cohen-Woods
- Discipline of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Órama Institute, College of Education, Psychology, and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Vaughan J Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Deakin University, IMPACT, the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa J Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Distinct cortical thickness correlates of early life trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder are shared among adolescent and adult females with interpersonal violence exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:741-749. [PMID: 33273705 PMCID: PMC8027669 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early life trauma (ELT) exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) both affect neural structure, which predicts a variety of mental health concerns throughout the lifespan and may present differently between adolescents and adults. However, few studies have identified the relationship between ELT, PTSD, development, and brain structure using cortical thickness (CT). CT may reveal previously obscured alterations that are potentially clinically relevant and, furthermore, could identify specific structural correlates distinct to ELT from PTSD. Two hundred and fifty-three female adolescent and adult survivors of interpersonal violence and non-trauma-exposed demographically matched controls underwent structural MRI at two different sites. Images were processed and CT was estimated using FreeSurfer. Vertex-wise linear model tests were conducted across the cortical surface to investigate whether PTSD and ELT exposure uniquely affect CT, controlling for scanner site. Planned follow-up tests included second-level analyses of clinical symptoms for CT clusters that were significantly related to PTSD or ELT. CT in the middle cingulate cortex was inversely related to ELT in both age groups, such that individuals with more ELT demonstrated less CT in this region. Additionally, CT was significantly greater in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus and left angular gyrus in both adolescents and adults with PTSD. Furthermore, CT in these clusters was also significantly related to clinical symptom severity in the adult PTSD group. This study provides evidence for distinct CT correlates of ELT and PTSD that are present across adolescents and adults, suggesting consistent markers related to ELT and PTSD on gray matter structure in trauma-exposed individuals.
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123
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Engstrom M, Liu G, Santana-Gonzalez C, Teoh JY, Harms M, Koy K, Quevedo K. The impact of child abuse on the neurobiology of self-processing in depressed adolescents. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100310. [PMID: 33681431 PMCID: PMC7910521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Child abuse is linked to lifetime psychopathology including abnormal self-processing. Given self-processing maturation in adolescence, we tested duration, presence, and abuse accumulation's impact upon self-processing neurobiology among depressed youth with (N = 54) and without an abuse history (N = 40). Youth evaluated positive and negative self-descriptors across four points of view in the scanner. Regression analyses showed that longer abuse duration (in days) was associated with lower activity in inferior temporal (e.g. insula, fusiform & parahippocampus), striatal, cerebellar and midbrain structures when processing negative self-descriptors with the least activity in youth exposed to 6+ abuse years. Abuse presence vs. absence was linked to higher neural activity. However, youth exposed to a single abuse instance to 3 years of abuse might drive that relative neural hyperactivity. Results support: 1) the toxic stress model of blunted overall neuro-reactivity underpinning emotion, sensorimotor gating, and social cognition during negative stimuli as an adaptation to pervasively toxic environments and 2) the differential impact of acute versus chronic stress upon neurophysiological indices. Finally, child abuse duration might impact these ancillary and higher socioemotional processes differently among depressed youth primarily for negative but not positive self-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Engstrom
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
| | - Guanmin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
| | | | - Jia Yuan Teoh
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
| | - Madeline Harms
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
| | - Kiry Koy
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
| | - Karina Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry at the University of Minnesota (U of M), USA
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124
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Blum K, McLaughlin T, Modestino EJ, Baron D, Bowirrat A, Brewer R, Steinberg B, Roy AK, Febo M, Badgaiyan RD, Gold MS. Epigenetic Repair of Terrifying Lucid Dreams by Enhanced Brain Reward Functional Connectivity and Induction of Dopaminergic Homeostatic Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 10. [PMID: 34707968 DOI: 10.2174/2211556010666210215153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During Lucid Dreams, the dreamer is aware, experiences the dream as if fully awake, and may control the dream content. The dreamer can start, stop, and restart dreaming, depending on the nature and pleasantness of the dream. For patients with Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors, like Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette's- Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the dream content may be pleasant, unpleasant, or terrifying. A sample of psychiatric center patients identified as having RDS reported the effectiveness of a neuronutrient, dopamine agonist, KB200Z, in combating terrifying, lucid dreaming. These reports motivated the study of eight clinical cases with known histories of substance abuse, childhood abuse, and PTSD. The administration of KB200Z, associated with eliminating unpleasant or terrifying lucid dreams in 87.5% of the cases. Subsequently, other published cases have further established the possibility of the long-term elimination of terrifying dreams in PTSD and ADHD patients. Induction of dopamine homeostasis may mitigate the effects of neurogenetic and epigenetic changes in neuroplasticity, identified in the pathogenesis of PTSD and ADHD. The article explores how relief of terrifying lucid dreams may benefit from modulation of dopaminergic signaling activated by the administration of a neuronutrient. Recently, precision formulations of the KB220 neuronutrient guided by Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test results have been used to repair inheritable deficiencies within the brain reward circuitry. The proposition is that improved dopamine transmodulational signaling may stimulate positive cognitive recall and subsequently attenuate the harmful epigenetic insults from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Blum
- Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA., USA.,Department Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH., USA.,Division of Neuroscience & Addiction Research Therapy, Pathway Healthcare, Birmingham, AL., USA.,Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Genomic Testing Center, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX., USA.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - David Baron
- Department Psychiatry, Wright University, Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH., USA
| | - Abdalla Bowirrat
- Department of Neuroscience and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Israel
| | - Raymond Brewer
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Geneus Genomic Testing Center, Geneus Health, LLC., San Antonio, TX., USA
| | | | - A Kenison Roy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Tulane, New Orleans, LA., USA
| | - Marcello Febo
- Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.USA
| | - Rajendra D Badgaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY.& Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marks S Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo. USA
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125
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Maja RA, Kilshaw RE, Garcia-Barrera MA, Karr JE. Current Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Executive Functions. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:763-786. [PMID: 33573503 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120979690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both associated with lower performances on executive function tasks. However, few researchers have evaluated ACEs, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and executive function difficulties in conjunction. Using an online micropayment service, the current study assessed whether PTS symptoms mediated the relationship between ACEs and executive functions. In total, 83 participants (54.2% female, age: M = 28.86, SD = 7.71) were administered the ACE questionnaire, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Executive Function Index (EFI). A higher number of reported ACEs was related to greater PTS symptom severity (β = .40, p < .001) and worse self-rated executive functions (β = -.32, p = .002). Controlling for the number of reported ACEs, current PTS symptom severity was related to worse executive functions (β = -.45, p < .001). A bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI) indicated a significant indirect effect, β = -.18 (95% CI: -.30, -.08), by which current PTS symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of reported ACEs and executive functions. These results suggest that psychological interventions targeting PTS symptoms, in the context of a history of childhood trauma, may concurrently improve executive functions in adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Maja
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robyn E Kilshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, 4530University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Jääskeläinen E, Huhtaniska S, Pudas J, Tovar-Perdomo S, Penttilä M, Miettunen J, Lieslehto J. Early Adversity and Emotion Processing From Faces: A Meta-analysis on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Responses. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:692-705. [PMID: 33486133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the link between early adversity (EA) and later-life psychiatric disorders is well established, it has yet to be elucidated whether EA is related to distortions in the processing of different facial expressions. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether exposure to EA relates to distortions in responses to different facial emotions at three levels: 1) event-related potentials of the P100 and N170, 2) amygdala functional magnetic resonance imaging responses, and 3) accuracy rate or reaction time in behavioral data. METHODS The systematic literature search (PubMed and Web of Science) up to April 2020 resulted in 29 behavioral studies (n = 8555), 32 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (n = 2771), and 3 electroencephalography studies (n = 197) for random-effect meta-analyses. RESULTS EA was related to heightened bilateral amygdala reactivity to sad faces (but not other facial emotions). Exposure to EA was related to faster reaction time but a normal accuracy rate in response to angry and sad faces. In response to fearful and happy faces, EA was related to a lower accuracy rate only in individuals with recent EA exposure. This effect was more pronounced in individuals with exposure to EA before (vs. after) the age of 3 years. These findings were independent of psychiatric diagnoses. Because of the low number of eligible electroencephalography studies, no conclusions could be reached regarding the effect of EA on the event-related potentials. CONCLUSIONS EA relates to alterations in behavioral and neurophysiological processing of facial emotions. Our study stresses the importance of assessing age at exposure and time since EA because these factors mediate some EA-related perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Research Unit of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Huhtaniska
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Radiology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Juho Pudas
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Santiago Tovar-Perdomo
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany; PRONIA Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Matti Penttilä
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johannes Lieslehto
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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127
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Neural meaning making, prediction, and prefrontal-subcortical development following early adverse caregiving. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1563-1578. [PMID: 33427163 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Early adversities that are caregiving-related (crEAs) are associated with a significantly increased risk for mental health problems. Recent neuroscientific advances have revealed alterations in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-subcortical circuitry following crEAs. While this work has identified alterations in affective operations (e.g., perceiving, reacting, controlling, learning) associated with mPFC-subcortical circuitry, this circuitry has a much broader function extending beyond operations. It plays a primary role in affective meaning making, involving conceptual-level, schematized knowledge to generate predictions about the current environment. This function of mPFC-subcortical circuitry motivates asking whether mPFC-subcortical phenotypes following crEAs support semanticized knowledge content (or the concept-level knowledge) and generate predictive models. I present a hypothesis motivated by research findings across four different lines of work that converge on mPFC-subcortical neuroanatomy, including (a) the neurobiology supporting emotion regulation processes in adulthood, (b) the neurobiology that is activated by caregiving cues during development, (c) the neurobiology that is altered by crEAs, and (d) the neurobiology of semantic-based meaning making. I hypothesize that the affective behaviors following crEAs result in part from affective semantic memory processes supported by mPFC-subcortical circuitry that over the course of development, construct affective schemas that generate meaning making and guide predictions. I use this opportunity to review some of the literature on mPFC-subcortical circuit development following crEAs to illustrate the motivation behind this hypothesis. Long recognized by clinical science and cognitive neuroscience, studying schema-based processes may be particularly helpful for understanding how affective meaning making arises from developmental trajectories of mPFC-subcortical circuitry.
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128
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Kirsch DE, Tretyak V, Radpour S, Weber WA, Nemeroff CB, Fromme K, Strakowski SM, Lippard ETC. Childhood maltreatment, prefrontal-paralimbic gray matter volume, and substance use in young adults and interactions with risk for bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:123. [PMID: 33420255 PMCID: PMC7794246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with adverse effects on the brain, and an increased risk for psychopathology, including mood and substance use disorders. Individuals vary on the degree to which they exhibit neurobiological and clinical differences following maltreatment. Individuals with bipolar disorder exhibit greater magnitude of maltreatment-related prefrontal-paralimbic gray matter volume (GMV) deficits compared to typically developing individuals. It is unclear if greater structural differences stem from greater neural vulnerability to maltreatment in bipolar disorder, or if they relate to presence of other clinical features associated with childhood maltreatment, e.g., elevated prevalence of comorbid substance use disorders. To investigate this, we compared young adults with a family history of bipolar disorder (n = 21), but who did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder, with typically developing young adults without a family history of bipolar disorder (n = 26). Participants completed structural neuroimaging, clinical and family history interviews, and assessment of childhood maltreatment and recent alcohol and cannabis use patterns. We examined relations between childhood maltreatment and prefrontal-paralimbic GMV by modeling main effects of maltreatment and family history group by maltreatment interactions on prefrontal-paralimbic GMV. We also examined relations between maltreatment and associated GMV changes with recent alcohol and cannabis use. Childhood maltreatment correlated with lower ventral, rostral and dorsolateral prefrontal and insular cortical GMV across all participants regardless of the presence or absence of familial history of bipolar disorder. However, exploratory analyses did reveal greater maltreatment-related GMV differences in individuals with prodromal symptoms of depression. Lower insula GMV was associated with greater frequency of cannabis use across all participants and greater quantity of alcohol use only in those with familial risk for bipolar disorder. Results suggest familial risk for bipolar disorder, and presumably genetic risk, may relate to outcomes following childhood maltreatment and should be considered in prevention/early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Kirsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Valeria Tretyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sepeadeh Radpour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wade A Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kim Fromme
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, 1601 Trinity Street, Stop Z0600, Health Discovery Building, Austin, TX, 78712, USA. .,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA. .,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA. .,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
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129
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Hsieh YT, Wu R, Tseng HH, Wei SY, Huang MC, Chang HH, Yang YK, Chen PS. Childhood neglect is associated with corticostriatal circuit dysfunction in bipolar disorder adults. Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113550. [PMID: 33223273 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized with cognitive impairment, which may be mediated by corticostriatal dysfunction. Here we examined whether history of childhood trauma, a risk factor for BD, was linked to corticostriatal dysfunction in BD patients. Furthermore, the possible associations between childhood trauma and cognitive impairment were examined. Thirty-eight BD participants who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Childhood trauma was identified via the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants completed the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) was performed in participants using a 3T scanner. Bilateral caudate to whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed, and childhood trauma was entered as a regressor of interest when controlling for age. Results showed the level of physical neglect was negatively correlated with left-caudate-seed FC to the frontoparietal network, including the right supramarginal gyrus, left inferior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule. The level of physical neglect was also negatively correlated with WCST performance. And the left-caudate-seed FCs to the frontoparietal network were positively correlated with WCST performance. Unequivocally, the specific impacts of physical neglect on brain connectivity and executive function in the BD population merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Huai-Hsuan Tseng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Yuh Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Hospital, Songde Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui Hua Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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130
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Rosada C, Bauer M, Golde S, Metz S, Roepke S, Otte C, Wolf OT, Buss C, Wingenfeld K. Association between childhood trauma and brain anatomy in women with post-traumatic stress disorder, women with borderline personality disorder, and healthy women. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2021; 12:1959706. [PMID: 34567441 PMCID: PMC8462923 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1959706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) is associated with altered brain anatomy. These neuroanatomical changes might be more pronounced in individuals with a psychiatric disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are more prevalent in individuals with a history of CT. OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined limbic and total brain volumes in healthy women with and without a history of CT and in females with PTSD or BPD and a history of CT to see whether neuroanatomical changes are a function of psychopathology or CT. METHOD In total, 128 women (N = 70 healthy controls without CT, N = 25 healthy controls with CT, N = 14 individuals with PTSD, and N = 19 individuals with BPD) were recruited. A T1-weighted anatomical MRI was acquired from all participants for Freesurfer-based assessment of total brain, hippocampus, and amygdala volumes. Severity of CT was assessed with a clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Group differences in hippocampal and amygdala volumes (adjusted for total brain volume) and total brain volume (adjusted for height) were characterized by analysis of covariance. RESULTS Volume of the total brain, hippocampus, and amygdala did not differ between the four groups (p > .05). CT severity correlated negatively with total brain volume across groups (r = -0.20; p = .029). CONCLUSIONS CT was associated with reduced brain volume but PTSD or BPD was not. The association between CT and reduced brain volume as a global measure of brain integrity suggests a common origin for vulnerability to psychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rosada
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Golde
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Metz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Roepke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver T Wolf
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Claudia Buss
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik Für Psychiatrie Und Psychotherapie, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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131
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Dark HE, Harnett NG, Goodman AM, Wheelock MD, Mrug S, Schuster MA, Elliott MN, Emery ST, Knight DC. Violence exposure, affective style, and stress-induced changes in resting state functional connectivity. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1261-1277. [PMID: 33000367 PMCID: PMC7718383 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic childhood stress is linked to greater susceptibility to internalizing disorders in adulthood. Specifically, chronic stress leads to changes in brain connectivity patterns, and, in turn, affects psychological functioning. Violence exposure, a chronic stressor, increases stress reactivity and disrupts emotion regulation processes. However, it is unclear to what extent violence exposure affects the neural circuitry underlying emotion regulation. Individual differences in affective style also moderate the impact of stress on psychological function and can thus alter the relationship between violence exposure and brain function. Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) is an index of intrinsic brain activity. Stress-induced changes in rsFC between the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) are associated with emotion dysregulation and may elucidate how affective style modulates the relationship between violence exposure and brain connectivity. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of violence exposure and affective style on stress-induced changes in rsFC. Participants (n = 233) completed two 6-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, one before (pre-stress) and one after (post-stress) a psychosocial stress task. The bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) were used as seed regions for rsFC analyses. Significant stress-induced changes in the prefrontal, fronto-limbic, and parieto-limbic rsFC were observed. Further, pre-stress to post-stress differences in rsFC varied with violence exposure and affective style. These findings suggest that prefrontal, fronto-limbic, and parieto-limbic connectivity is associated with the emotional response to stress and provide new insight into the neural mechanisms through which affective style moderates the impact violence exposure has on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Dark
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adam M Goodman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mark A Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Susan Tortolero Emery
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David C Knight
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Ave S., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Bessette KL, Karstens AJ, Crane NA, Peters AT, Stange JP, Elverman KH, Morimoto SS, Weisenbach SL, Langenecker SA. A Lifespan Model of Interference Resolution and Inhibitory Control: Risk for Depression and Changes with Illness Progression. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 30:477-498. [PMID: 31942706 PMCID: PMC7363517 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-019-09424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cognitive processes involved in inhibitory control accuracy (IC) and interference resolution speed (IR) or broadly - inhibition - are discussed in this review, and both are described within the context of a lifespan model of mood disorders. Inhibitory control (IC) is a binary outcome (success or no for response selection and inhibition of unwanted responses) for any given event that is influenced to an extent by IR. IR refers to the process of inhibition, which can be manipulated by task design in earlier and later stages through use of distractors and timing, and manipulation of individual differences in response proclivity. We describe the development of these two processes across the lifespan, noting factors that influence this development (e.g., environment, adversity and stress) as well as inherent difficulties in assessing IC/IR prior to adulthood (e.g., cross-informant reports). We use mood disorders as an illustrative example of how this multidimensional construct can be informative to state, trait, vulnerability and neuroprogression of disease. We present aggregated data across numerous studies and methodologies to examine the lifelong development and degradation of this subconstruct of executive function, particularly in mood disorders. We highlight the challenges in identifying and measuring IC/IR in late life, including specificity to complex, comorbid disease processes. Finally, we discuss some potential avenues for treatment and accommodation of these difficulties across the lifespan, including newer treatments using cognitive remediation training and neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Bessette
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Aimee J Karstens
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natania A Crane
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy T Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan P Stange
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen H Elverman
- Neuropsychology Center, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Shizuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sara L Weisenbach
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- Mental Health Services, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, 501 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
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133
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Tian T, Li J, Zhang G, Wang J, Liu D, Wan C, Fang J, Wu D, Zhou Y, Zhu W. Effects of childhood trauma experience and COMT Val158Met polymorphism on brain connectivity in a multimodal MRI study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01858. [PMID: 32997444 PMCID: PMC7749512 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity may act as a stressor to produce a cascade of neurobiological effects that irreversibly alter neural development, setting the stage for developing psychopathology in adulthood. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism has received much attention as a candidate gene associated with environmental adversity, modifying risk for psychopathology. In this study, we aim to see how gene × brain × environment models give a more integrative understanding of brain modifications that contribute to predicting psychopathology related to childhood adversity. A large nonclinical sample of young adults completed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), behavioral scores, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and genotyping. We utilized graph-based connectivity analysis in morphometric similarity mapping and resting-state functional MRI to investigate brain alterations. Relationships among COMT genotypes, CTQ score, imaging phenotypes, and behavioral scores were identified by multiple regression and mediation effect analysis. Significant main effect of CTQ score was found in anatomic connectivity of orbitofrontal cortex that was an outstanding mediator supporting the relationship between CTQ score and anxiety/harm-avoiding personality. We also noted the main effect of childhood trauma on reorganization of functional connectivity within the language network. Additionally, we found genotype × CTQ score interactions on functional connectivity of the right frontoparietal network as well as anatomic connectivity of motor and limbic regions. Our data demonstrate childhood adversity and COMT genotypes are associated with abnormal brain connectivity, structurally and functionally. Early identification of individuals at risk, assessment of brain abnormality, and cognitive interventions may help to prevent or limit negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhua Wan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jicheng Fang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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134
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Devine SL, Walker SC, Makdani A, Stockton ER, McFarquhar MJ, McGlone FP, Trotter PD. Childhood Adversity and Affective Touch Perception: A Comparison of United Kingdom Care Leavers and Non-care Leavers. Front Psychol 2020; 11:557171. [PMID: 33240148 PMCID: PMC7683385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.557171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United Kingdom, the most common reasons for a child to come under the care of social services are neglect and abuse. Such early childhood adversity is a risk factor for social-isolation and poor mental health in adulthood. Touch is a key channel for nurturing interactions, and previous studies have shown links between early somatosensory input, experience dependent neural plasticity, and later life emotional functioning. The aim of the present study was to test the relationship between childhood neglect/abuse and later life experiences, attitudes, and hedonic ratings of affective touch. Here, affective touch is defined as low force, dynamic touch which C-Tactile afferents (CTs) respond optimally to. We hypothesized that a childhood lacking in early nurturing tactile stimulation would be associated with reduced sensitivity to socially relevant affective touch in adulthood. To test this, 19 care leavers (average 9.32 ± 3.70 years in foster care) and 32 non-care leavers were recruited through opportunity sampling (mean age = 21.25 ± 1.74 years). Participants completed a range of psychophysical somatosensory tests. First, they rated the pleasantness of CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and non-CT-optimal (0.3 and 30 cm/s) stroking touch applied to their forearm, both robotically and by an experimenter. They also made vicarious ratings of the anticipated pleasantness of social tactile interactions depicted in a series of videos. Finally, they filled in the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Touch Experiences and Attitudes Questionnaire (TEAQ). As expected, care leavers reported significantly higher levels of childhood trauma than the control group. They also reported significantly lower levels of positive childhood touch compared to non-care leavers, but their attitudes and experiences of current intimate and affiliative touch did not differ. Across all psychophysical tests, care leavers showed specific reduction in sensitivity to the affective value of CT targeted 3 cm/s touch. The results of this study support the hypothesis that a lack of nurturing touch in early developmental periods leads to blunted sensitivity to the specific social value of affective touch. Future research should investigate the neural and physiological mechanisms underlying the observed effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna L Devine
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah C Walker
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adarsh Makdani
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Stockton
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn J McFarquhar
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francis P McGlone
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paula D Trotter
- Research Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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135
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Sprang G, Bush HM, Coker AL, Brancato CJ. Types of Trauma and Self-Reported Pain That Limits Functioning in Different-Aged Cohorts. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5953-5975. [PMID: 29294875 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517723144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature that childhood or adult trauma exposure can have lifelong mental and physical health impacts. In this large cross-sectional analysis, authors investigated combinations of trauma types and pain resulting in functional limitations among women recruited into a statewide health registry. Combinations of traumas such as child physical abuse (CPA), child sexual abuse (CSA), and adult violence were hypothesized to be associated with greater likelihood of limiting pain and earlier symptom onset, relative to women with no or singular trauma exposures. Pain prevalence rates (PRs) and adjusted prevalence rate ratios (aPRRs) were highest among women experiencing multiple forms of violence (43.3% among women disclosing CPA, CSA, and adult violence; aPRR = 2.06, p < .001), intermediate for women experiencing CPA or CSA yet no adult violence (37.0%; aPRR = 1.76, p < .001), and lower among women experiencing adult violence only (27.1%; aPRR = 1.29, p < .001), relative to women never experiencing violence (20.7%). As hypothesized, the effect of combinations of trauma on chronic pain was consistently greatest for those reporting limiting pain at younger ages. Implications include the need to identify combinations of traumatic events across the life span, and to intervene early to reduce the impact of trauma on health and functioning.
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136
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Peer victimization and its impact on adolescent brain development and psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3066-3076. [PMID: 30542059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic peer victimization has long-term impacts on mental health; however, the biological mediators of this adverse relationship are unknown. We sought to determine whether adolescent brain development is involved in mediating the effect of peer victimization on psychopathology. We included participants (n = 682) from the longitudinal IMAGEN study with both peer victimization and neuroimaging data. Latent profile analysis identified groups of adolescents with different experiential patterns of victimization. We then associated the victimization trajectories and brain volume changes with depression, generalized anxiety, and hyperactivity symptoms at age 19. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed time-by-victimization interactions on left putamen volume (F = 4.38, p = 0.037). Changes in left putamen volume were negatively associated with generalized anxiety (t = -2.32, p = 0.020). Notably, peer victimization was indirectly associated with generalized anxiety via decreases in putamen volume (95% CI = 0.004-0.109). This was also true for the left caudate (95% CI = 0.002-0.099). These data suggest that the experience of chronic peer victimization during adolescence might induce psychopathology-relevant deviations from normative brain development. Early peer victimization interventions could prevent such pathological changes.
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137
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El Mhamdi S, Lemieux A, Ben Fredj M, Bouanene I, Ben Salah A, Abroug H, Ben Salem K, al'Absi M. Social and early life adversity and chronic health conditions among Tunisian adults. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:949-958. [PMID: 30551151 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life adversities (ELAs) are shown as significant risk factors for chronic health conditions (CHCs). ELAs include multiple types of abuse such as the social abuse (peer, community, and collective violence). The purpose is to describe the relationship between childhood social abuse and chronic conditions in adulthood among a sample of adults in Tunisia and to investigate the role of obesity and tobacco use as mediators of this association. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tunisia, from January to June 2016 using the Arabic Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Items of social abuse (peer violence, witnessing community violence, and exposure to collective violence) were analyzed. A total of 2,120 adults were enrolled. After adjustment for age, gender, and intrafamilial ELA, social adversities were associated significantly with the selected CHC. Experiencing more than two social ELA increase the risk of occurrence of hypertension and coronary diseases. After accounting for the indirect effect of body mass index, statistically significant partial mediation effects were observed for the cumulative number of social ELA as the exposure variable and chronic diseases as the outcome variable (p ≤ .001; % mediated = 44.5%). These findings support an association between many chronic health disorders and childhood social abuse, independently of intrafamilial ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana El Mhamdi
- Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, University Hospital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisia.,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" Tunisia
| | - Andrine Lemieux
- Duluth Medical Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Manel Ben Fredj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Bouanene
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" Tunisia
| | - Arwa Ben Salah
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" Tunisia
| | - Hela Abroug
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ben Salem
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Tunisia.,Research laboratory "Epidemiology Applied to Maternal and Child Health" Tunisia
| | - Mustafa al'Absi
- Duluth Medical Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
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138
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Does cortical brain morphology act as a mediator between childhood trauma and transition to psychosis in young individuals at ultra-high risk? Schizophr Res 2020; 224:116-125. [PMID: 33071072 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse, has been associated with transition to psychosis in individuals at "ultra-high risk" (UHR). This study investigated whether the effects of various forms of childhood trauma on transition to psychosis are mediated by cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities. METHODS This prospective study used data from 62 UHR individuals from a previous (PACE 400) cohort study. At follow-up, 24 individuals had transitioned to psychosis (UHR-T) and 38 individuals had not transitioned (UHR-NT). Student-t/Mann-Whitney-U tests were performed to assess morphological differences in childhood trauma (low/high) and transition. Mediation analyses were conducted using regression and bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS UHR individuals with high sexual trauma histories presented with decreased cortical thickness in bilateral middle temporal gyri and the left superior frontal gyrus compared to those with low sexual trauma. Participants with high physical abuse had increased cortical thickness in the right middle frontal gyrus compared to those with low physical abuse. No differences were found for emotional abuse or physical/emotional neglect. Reduced cortical thickness in the right middle temporal gyrus and increased surface area in the right cingulate were found in UHR-T compared to UHR-NT individuals. Sexual abuse had an indirect effect on transition to psychosis, where decreased cortical thickness in the right middle temporal gyrus was a mediator. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that childhood sexual abuse negatively impacted on cortical development of the right temporal gyrus, and this heightened the risk of transition to psychosis in our sample. Further longitudinal studies are needed to precisely understand this link.
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139
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Koponen AM, Nissinen NM, Gissler M, Sarkola T, Autti-Rämö I, Kahila H. Cohort profile: ADEF Helsinki - a longitudinal register-based study on exposure to alcohol and drugs during foetal life. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2020; 37:32-42. [PMID: 32934591 PMCID: PMC7434186 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519885719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The need for longitudinal studies on prenatal substance exposure (PSE)
extending into adulthood is widely recognised. In particular, studies on the
dual effect of exposure to substances and adverse childhood experiences are
needed. This register-based matched cohort study investigates the effect of
this dual exposure on the health and development of youth with PSE. The
follow-up is from birth to young adulthood. Participants: The exposed youth were born in 1992–2001 to mothers with a significant
substance misuse problem during pregnancy. The mothers were identified in
primary care maternity clinics in the Helsinki metropolitan area and
referred for intensified pregnancy follow-up in a tertiary care setting
(HAL-clinics). Data from hospital medical records were collected for the
mothers during the pregnancy follow-up and linked with register data from
multiple national health and social welfare registers obtained for each
mother–child dyad from birth until the end of 2015–2018. Similar register
data were gathered for three matched mother–child dyads without any evidence
of the mother’s substance misuse in national health and social welfare
registers. The study consists of 615 exposed and 1787 unexposed youth aged
15–24 years. Findings to date: A majority of the exposed youth (64%) had been in out-of-home care at least
once compared with 8% among the unexposed. Outpatient and inpatient hospital
care due to mental or behavioural disorders were two to three times more
common among the exposed than among the unexposed. The exposed had less
often completed secondary school education and had more often needed social
assistance. Future plans: The data comprise a wide range of information on infant health, youth’s
mental and somatic health and development, out-of-home care history, and
mother’s life situation at the delivery and later health. Risk and
protective factors for different long-term developmental outcomes in
adolescence or in young adulthood will be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Koponen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Gissler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Hanna Kahila
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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140
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Abstract
This report describes the protocol for an ongoing project funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01MH108155) that is focused on effects of childhood maltreatment (MALTX) on neurocircuitry changes associated with adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD). Extant clinical and neuroimaging literature on MDD is reviewed, which has relied on heterogeneous samples that do not parse out the unique contribution of MALTX on neurobiological changes in MDD. Employing a 2 × 2 study design (controls with no MALTX or MDD, MALTX only, MDD only, and MDD + MALTX), and based on a cohesive theoretical model that incorporates behavioral, cognitive and neurobiological domains, we describe the multi-modal neuroimaging techniques used to test whether structural and functional alterations in the fronto-limbic and fronto-striatal circuits associated with adolescent MDD are moderated by MALTX. We hypothesize that MDD + MALTX youth will show alterations in the fronto-limbic circuit, with reduced connectivity between the amygdala (AMG) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as the AMG is sensitive to stress/threat during development. Participants with MDD will exhibit increased functional connectivity between the AMG and PFC due to self-referential negative emotions. Lastly, MDD + MALTX will only show changes in motivational/anticipatory aspects of the fronto-striatal circuit, and MDD will exhibit changes in motivational and consummatory/outcome aspects of reward-processing. Our goal is to identify distinct neural substrates associated with MDD due to MALTX compared to other causes, as these markers could be used to more effectively predict treatment outcome, index treatment response, and facilitate alternative treatments for adolescents who do not respond well to traditional approaches.
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141
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Kim JH, Choi JY. Influence of childhood trauma and post-traumatic stress symptoms on impulsivity: focusing on differences according to the dimensions of impulsivity. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1796276. [PMID: 33029332 PMCID: PMC7473132 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1796276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity, a trait and multidimensional construct, is associated with a wide range of impulsive behaviours. Although it is well documented that childhood trauma (CT) affects impulsivity, few studies examine whether its effects depend on particular dimensions of impulsivity and the role post-traumatic stress symptoms play in the relationship between childhood trauma and different dimensions of impulsivity. OBJECTIVE This research aims to explore the relationships between CT, PTSD, and impulsivity in a heterogeneous clinical sample. We also sought to examine whether the influence of CT on impulsivity differs across the dimensions of impulsivity. METHOD We investigated the relationships between CT, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and five dimensions of impulsivity using a sample of 162 non-psychotic psychiatric patients without neurocognitive diagnoses. Participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES), and the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale (UPPS-P). RESULTS The results of structural equation modelling showed that CT is associated with PTSD symptoms, in addition to four of the five dimensions of impulsivity in the UPPS-P:positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, and lack of perseverance. The indirect effect of CT through PTSD symptoms was significant only for the two types of urgency. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that interventions that aim to alleviate impulsive behaviour derived from high urgency should pay particular attention to the presence of CT and PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Department of Child Studies, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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142
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Koponen AM, Nissinen NM, Gissler M, Autti-Rämö I, Sarkola T, Kahila H. Prenatal substance exposure, adverse childhood experiences and diagnosed mental and behavioral disorders - A longitudinal register-based matched cohort study in Finland. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100625. [PMID: 32685656 PMCID: PMC7358713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Both prenatal substance exposure (PSE, alcohol/drugs) and experiences during the first years of life have powerful effects on brain development. However, only a few studies have investigated the combined effect of PSE and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on mental and behavioral disorders among exposed adolescents and adults. This longitudinal register-based cohort study 1) compared the nature and extent of diagnosed mental and behavioral disorders among youth with PSE and matched unexposed controls, and 2) investigated the influence of PSE, health in infancy and ACEs (maternal risk factors and out-of-home care, OHC) on diagnoses of mental and behavioral disorders. The data consisted of 615 exposed youth aged 15-24 years and 1787 matched unexposed controls. Data from hospital medical records and nine registers were merged for the analysis. Descriptive analysis methods and Cox regression were used. The results showed that the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders was twice as high among exposed compared with controls. The highest levels of mental and behavioral disorders and ACEs were found among exposed with at least one OHC episode. The difference in the risk of mental and behavioral disorders between exposed and controls diminished after controlling for the effect of ACEs. Low birth weight, maternal risk factors, and OHC were the strongest predictors of mental and behavioral disorders. The results suggest that PSE alone does not explain poorer mental health among exposed youth. Risk factors accumulate, and low birth weight and ACEs are strongly associated with increased risk of mental and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Koponen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, And University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina-Maria Nissinen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland and University of Tampere, Department of Health Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Information Services Department, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Autti-Rämö
- University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Department of Child Neurology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taisto Sarkola
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, And Helsinki University Hospital, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Finland
| | - Hanna Kahila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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143
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Andre QR, McMorris CA, Kar P, Ritter C, Gibbard WB, Tortorelli C, Lebel C. Different brain profiles in children with prenatal alcohol exposure with or without early adverse exposures. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4375-4385. [PMID: 32659051 PMCID: PMC7502833 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can alter brain development and impact mental health outcomes, and often occurs in conjunction with postnatal adversity (e.g., maltreatment). However, it is unclear how postnatal adverse exposures may moderate mental health and brain outcomes in children with PAE. T1‐weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging were obtained from 66 participants aged 7–16 years. Twenty‐one participants had PAE and adverse postnatal exposures (PAE+), 12 had PAE without adverse postnatal exposures (PAE−), and 33 were age‐ and gender‐matched controls unexposed to either prenatal alcohol or postnatal adversity. Internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children II, Parent‐Rating Scale. ANCOVAs were used to compare mental health symptoms, limbic and prefrontal cortical volumes, and diffusion parameters of cortico‐limbic white matter tracts between groups, and to assess brain‐mental health relationships. Both PAE groups had worse externalizing behavior (higher scores) than controls. The PAE− group had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the bilateral cingulum and left uncinate fasciculus, and smaller volumes in the left anterior cingulate cortex than controls and the PAE+ group. The PAE− group also had higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the left uncinate than the PAE+ group, and smaller right anterior cingulate and superior frontal gyrus volumes than controls. These findings show different brain structure and mental health symptom profiles in children with PAE with and without postnatal adversity, highlighting the need to consider adverse postnatal exposures in individuals with PAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn R Andre
- Medical Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly A McMorris
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,School & Applied Child Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Preeti Kar
- Medical Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chantel Ritter
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,School & Applied Child Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Ben Gibbard
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Tortorelli
- Department of Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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144
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Lucero Jones R, Zielinski M, Bradshaw S, Schleiden C, Shumway ST. The Effect of Past Abuse on PFC Recovery from an Alcohol Use Disorder. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2019.1711280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lucero Jones
- Human Development, Family Studies, & Counseling, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mazie Zielinski
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Spencer Bradshaw
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Cydney Schleiden
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sterling T. Shumway
- Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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145
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Kuruppu J, McKibbin G, Humphreys C, Hegarty K. Tipping the Scales: Factors Influencing the Decision to Report Child Maltreatment in Primary Care. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2020; 21:427-438. [PMID: 32254001 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020915581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) is an important public health issue linked to significant physical and mental health complications across the life span. Given the association between CM and health, general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses (PNs) are well-placed to identify and respond to this issue and are mandated to report suspected CM in many jurisdictions. Research has found that primary care doctors and nurses need support when responding to CM. This scoping review sought to answer the following question: What factors influence GPs and PNs decision to report CM when fulfilling their mandatory reporting duty? By exploring these factors, areas where support is needed were pinpointed. A systematic search was run across four databases: Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, Embase, and CINAHL. Articles that reported on studies conducted in a location that had mandatory reporting legislation specific to CM and had a study population sampled from primary care were included in analysis. Thirty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. This review found that four principal factors influenced the decision to report CM: personal threshold of suspicion of abuse, relationship with the family, faith in the child protection system, and education and discussion. We conclude that improving the support and training to address these four areas may be beneficial for GPs and PNs in responding to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kuruppu
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma McKibbin
- Department of Social Work, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cathy Humphreys
- Department of Social Work, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelsey Hegarty
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Family Violence Prevention, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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146
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Bernardes ET, Manitto AM, Miguel EC, Pan PM, Batistuzzo MC, Rohde LA, Polanczyk GV. Relationships between childhood maltreatment, impairment in executive functions and disruptive behavior disorders in a community sample of children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:969-978. [PMID: 31559500 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence points to an independent relationship among childhood maltreatment, impairments in executive functions (EF) and disruptive behavior disorders (DBD). However, it is still not fully understood how these three factors are interrelated. This study evaluated the association between childhood maltreatment and DBD testing the role of EF performance as a mediator or moderator. We studied a probabilistic school-based sample of 2016 children from 6 to 12 years. Mental disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment with parents and children. Children answered questions about exposure to child maltreatment and were evaluated with a set of cognitive tasks addressing inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility and planning. Childhood maltreatment was strongly associated with DBD (OR = 7.7, CI 95% 4.5-12.9). No association was found between childhood maltreatment and EF performance. Children with DBD showed worse performance in cognitive flexibility, which was not identified as a mediator or moderator of the association between childhood maltreatment and DBD. Results indicate that the association between maltreatment and disruptive behavior occurs regardless of performance in executive function in a community sample. Future studies are essential to confirm these findings and elucidate the cognitive mechanisms involved in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Teixeira Bernardes
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alicia Matijasevich Manitto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Arnaldo, 455, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Programa de pos-graduacao em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, R. Mal. Deodoro, 1160, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INCT-INPD), R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Mario Pan
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INCT-INPD), R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Labortatorio Interdisciplinar de Neuroimagem e Cognicao (LiNC), Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), R. Pedro de Toledo, 669, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INCT-INPD), R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INCT-INPD), R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departmento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 875, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INCT-INPD), R. Dr Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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147
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Bounoua N, Miglin R, Spielberg JM, Sadeh N. Childhood assaultive trauma and physical aggression: Links with cortical thickness in prefrontal and occipital cortices. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102321. [PMID: 32629165 PMCID: PMC7339124 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Childhood assaultive trauma exposure is linked to less cortical thickness. Cortical thickness in prefrontal regions is inversely associated with aggression. Prefrontal thickness mediated the link between trauma exposure and aggression.
Although the link between childhood maltreatment and violence perpetration in adulthood (i.e., the “cycle of violence”) is well-documented, the neural mechanisms driving these processes remain relatively unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether cortical thickness in adulthood varies as a function of childhood assaultive trauma exposure and whether such neurobiological markers of early trauma relate to the perpetration of aggression across the lifespan. In a sample of 138 ethnically-diverse men and women, whole-brain analysis of the cortical mantle revealed that individuals with exposure to assaultive trauma before age 13 had less cortical thickness in two clusters that survived multiple comparison correction: a region that peaked in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and a region peaking in the right pericalcarine cortex. Diminished cortical thickness in the left OFC cluster was, in turn, associated with greater physical aggression, and mediation analysis revealed that reductions in cortical thickness in this left prefrontal region partially accounted for the association between exposure to childhood assaultive trauma and lifetime perpetration of aggression in adulthood. Findings extend previous investigations into the morphological correlates of early assaultive trauma by implicating reductions in cortical thickness as a potential mechanism linking early violence exposure to violence perpetration that extends into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bounoua
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, United States.
| | - Rickie Miglin
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, United States
| | - Naomi Sadeh
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 108 Wolf Hall, Newark, DE 19176, United States
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148
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Childhood Maltreatment and Impulsivity: A Meta-Analysis and Recommendations for Future Study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:221-243. [PMID: 29845580 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Both childhood maltreatment and impulsivity have been implicated in a broad array of negative public health outcomes and have been much studied in relation to each other. Characterizing this relationship, and the processes underlying it, are important for informing intervention efforts targeting this association and its psychopathological sequelae. The current review presented a systematic meta-analysis of the empirical literature on childhood maltreatment and impulsivity. In all, 55 eligible studies were identified and included in this review. General support was found for a positive association between childhood maltreatment, including its specific subtypes, and general trait impulsivity, with pooled effect sizes ranging from small in the case of childhood sexual abuse (OR = 1.59 [95% CI = 1.38-1.84]) to medium-to-large in the case of childhood emotional abuse (OR = 3.10 [95% CI = 2.27-4.23]). Support for a relationship between childhood maltreatment and laboratory-based measures of impulsive behavior was generally lacking. The current findings must be interpreted with a degree of caution, given several methodological limitations characterizing much of the empirical literature. Recommendations for addressing these limitations and directions for future research are provided.
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149
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Domon-Archambault V, Terradas MM, Drieu D, De Fleurian A, Achim J, Poulain S, Jerrar-Oulidi J. Mentalization-Based Training Program for Child Care Workers in Residential Settings. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:239-248. [PMID: 32549935 PMCID: PMC7290019 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of the children placed in child welfare residential care have experienced complex traumas linked to various forms of abuse and neglect, which have many important developmental impacts. Research shows that maltreatment is associated with increased aggression and disruptive behavior, internalizing difficulties, violence towards self and others, sexualized behaviors, academic difficulties, and early drug abuse. These experiences also negatively affect the attachment system and the mentalization process of the child. Consequently, working with this population represents a challenge for child care workers. This article describes a mentalization-based training program for child care workers who care for children aged six to 12 years old. First, the general framework of the training program is presented. Then, some of the therapeutic strategies used to improve the children's mentalizing capacity are described. Those strategies are adapted to the psychic functioning level of the child. Finally, a summary of a preliminary study of the program's efficacy are presented. This work suggests that mentalization-based interventions might represent a valuable approach in child welfare residential care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Domon-Archambault
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, 1001 rue de Maisonneuve, bureau 686, Montréal, Québec H2L 4P9 Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Poulain
- Hébergement thérapeutique, Maison des adolescents de Caen, Caen, France
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150
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Additional Insights into the Relationship Between Brain Network Architecture and Susceptibility and Resilience to the Psychiatric Sequelae of Childhood Maltreatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:49-64. [PMID: 34368783 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders. However, some maltreated individuals appear resilient to these consequences while manifesting the same array of brain changes as maltreated individuals with psychopathology. Hence, a critical issue has been to identify compensatory brain alterations in these resilient individuals. We recently reported that maltreatment is associated with a more vulnerable structural brain network architecture. Resilient individuals have this same vulnerability but appeared to be able to effectively compensate due to reduced nodal efficiency (ability of a node to influence the global network) in 9 specific brain regions that moderate the relationship between maltreatment and psychopathology. Following up we now report that network vulnerability increases progressively during late adolescence to plateau at about 21 years of age, which may help to explain age of onset of psychopathology. Further, we found that network vulnerability was most significantly affected by parental verbal abuse between 16-18 years of age and number of types of maltreatment during childhood. Asymptomatic individuals with no history of psychopathology had more prominent alterations in nodal efficiency than asymptomatic individuals with prior history, who specifically showed reduced nodal efficiency in right amygdala and right subcallosal gyrus. Experiencing inadequate financial sufficiency during childhood increased risk of susceptibility versus resilience by 2.98-fold (95% CI 1.49-5.97, p = 0.002) after adjusting for differences in exposure to maltreatment. Interestingly, adequate-to-higher financial sufficiency appeared to be protective and was associated with reduced nodal efficiency in the right postcentral gyrus and subcallosal gyrus 'resilience' nodes.
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