101
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Sun X, Zheng H, Li J, Liu L, Zhang X, Sui N. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals New lncRNAs Responding to Salt Stress in Sweet Sorghum. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:331. [PMID: 32351954 PMCID: PMC7174691 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can enhance plant stress resistance by regulating the expression of functional genes. Sweet sorghum is a salt-tolerant energy crop. However, little is known about how lncRNAs in sweet sorghum respond to salt stress. In this study, we identified 126 and 133 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the salt-tolerant M-81E and the salt-sensitive Roma strains, respectively. Salt stress induced three new lncRNAs in M-81E and inhibited two new lncRNAs in Roma. These lncRNAs included lncRNA13472, lncRNA11310, lncRNA2846, lncRNA26929, and lncRNA14798, which potentially function as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that influence plant responses to salt stress by regulating the expression of target genes related to ion transport, protein modification, transcriptional regulation, and material synthesis and transport. Additionally, M-81E had a more complex ceRNA network than Roma. This study provides new information regarding lncRNAs and the complex regulatory network underlying salt-stress responses in sweet sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Luning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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102
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Wang R, Wang X, Liu K, Zhang XJ, Zhang LY, Fan SJ. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Halophyte Zoysia macrostachya in Response to Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E458. [PMID: 32260413 PMCID: PMC7238138 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most severe environmental stresses, salt stress can cause a series of changes in plants. In salt tolerant plant Zoysia macrostachya, germination, physiology, and genetic variation under salinity have been studied previously, and the morphology and distribution of salt glands have been clarified. However, no study has investigated the transcriptome of such species under salt stress. In the present study, we compared transcriptome of Z. macrostachya under normal conditions and salt stress (300 mmol/L NaCl, 24 h) aimed to identify transcriptome responses and molecular mechanisms under salt stress in Z. macrostachya. A total of 8703 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 4903 up-regulated and 3800 down-regulated ones. Moreover, a series of molecular processes were identified by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and these processes were suggested to be closely related to salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya. The identified DEGs concentrated on regulating plant growth via plant hormone signal transduction, maintaining ion homeostasis via salt secretion and osmoregulatory substance accumulation and preventing oxidative damage via increasing the activity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging system. These changes may be the most important responses of Z. macrostachya under salt stress. Some key genes related to salt stress were identified meanwhile. Collectively, our findings provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and genetic underpinnings of salt tolerance in Z. macrostachya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luo-Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (R.W.); (X.W.); (K.L.); (X.-J.Z.)
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103
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Zhang X, Yao Y, Li X, Zhang L, Fan S. Transcriptomic analysis identifies novel genes and pathways for salt stress responses in Suaeda salsa leaves. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4236. [PMID: 32144380 PMCID: PMC7060309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a critical abiotic stress, which significantly impacts the agricultural yield worldwide. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance in euhalophyte Suaeda salsa is conducive to the development of salt-resistant crops. In the present study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed after S. salsa leaves were exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 7 days, and 7,753 unigenes were identified as differently expressed genes (DEGs) in S. salsa, including 3,638 increased and 4,115 decreased unigenes. Moreover, hundreds of pathways were predicted to participate in salt stress response in S. salsa by Gene Ontology (GO), MapMan and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, including ion transport and sequestration as well as photoprotection of photosystem (PS) II. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to ion transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and transcriptional factors were highly expressed upon NaCl treatment. The excessive Na+ and Cl- ions were supposed to be absorbed into the vacuole for ion sequestration and balance adjustment by potassium transporters (such as KEA3) with high expressions. Moreover, we predicted that mutiple candidate genes associated with photosynthesis (such as PSB33 and ABA4), ROS (such as TAU9 and PHI8) and transcriptional regulation (HB-7 and MYB78) pathways could mitigate salt stress-caused damage in S. salsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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104
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Sun H, Sun X, Wang H, Ma X. Advances in salt tolerance molecular mechanism in tobacco plants. Hereditas 2020; 157:5. [PMID: 32093781 PMCID: PMC7041081 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-020-00118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco, an economic crop and important model plant, has received more progress in salt tolerance with the aid of transgenic technique. Salt stress has become a key research field in abiotic stress. The study of tobacco promotes the understanding about the important adjustment for survival in high salinity environments, including cellular ion transport, osmotic regulation, antioxidation, signal transduction and expression regulation, and protection of cells from stress damage. Genes, which response to salt, have been studied using targeted transgenic technologies in tobacco plants to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher seed germination and survival rates, better root and shoot growth under salt stress treatments. Transgenic approach could be the promising option for enhancing tobacco production under saline condition. This review highlighted the salt tolerance molecular mechanisms of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiji Sun
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Central laboratory, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013 China
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105
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Qi F, Zhang F. Cell Cycle Regulation in the Plant Response to Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1765. [PMID: 32082337 PMCID: PMC7002440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants face a variety of environmental challenges. Their reproduction and survival depend on their ability to adapt to these stressors, which include water, heat stress, high salinity, and pathogen infection. Failure to adapt to these stressors results in programmed cell death and decreased viability, as well as reduced productivity in the case of crop plants. The growth and development of plants are maintained by meiosis and mitosis as well as endoreduplication, during which DNA replicates without cytokinesis, leading to polyploidy. As in other eukaryotes, the cell cycle in plants consists of four stages (G1, S, G2, and M) with two major check points, namely, the G1/S check point and G2/M check point, that ensure normal cell division. Progression through these checkpoints involves the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and their regulatory subunits known as cyclins. In order for plants to survive, cell cycle control must be balanced with adaption to dynamic environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of cell cycle regulation in plants, with a focus on the molecular interactions of cell cycle machinery in the context of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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106
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Yang Z, Li JL, Liu LN, Xie Q, Sui N. Photosynthetic Regulation Under Salt Stress and Salt-Tolerance Mechanism of Sweet Sorghum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1722. [PMID: 32010174 PMCID: PMC6974683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet sorghum is a C4 crop with the characteristic of fast-growth and high-yields. It is a good source for food, feed, fiber, and fuel. On saline land, sweet sorghum can not only survive, but increase its sugar content. Therefore, it is regarded as a potential source for identifying salt-related genes. Here, we review the physiological and biochemical responses of sweet sorghum to salt stress, such as photosynthesis, sucrose synthesis, hormonal regulation, and ion homeostasis, as well as their potential salt-resistance mechanisms. The major advantages of salt-tolerant sweet sorghum include: 1) improving the Na+ exclusion ability to maintain ion homeostasis in roots under salt-stress conditions, which ensures a relatively low Na+ concentration in shoots; 2) maintaining a high sugar content in shoots under salt-stress conditions, by protecting the structures of photosystems, enhancing photosynthetic performance and sucrose synthetase activity, as well as inhibiting sucrose degradation. To study the regulatory mechanism of such genes will provide opportunities for increasing the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum by breeding and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Lu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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107
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Fan C. Genetic mechanisms of salt stress responses in halophytes. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 15:1704528. [PMID: 31868075 PMCID: PMC7012083 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1704528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is a major threat to plant growth and development, resulting in extensive crop loss worldwide. Plants react to abiotic stresses through physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic adaptations that promote survival. Exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress responses across various plant species is essential for improving crop yields in unfavorable environments. Halophytes are characterized as plants that survive to reproduce in soils containing high salt concentrations, and thus act as an ideal model to comprehend complicated genetic and physiological mechanisms of salinity stress tolerance. Plant ecologists classify halophytes into three main groups: euhalophytes, recretohalophytes, and pseudo-halophytes. Recent genetic and molecular research has showed complicated regulatory networks by which halophytes coordinate stress adaptation and tolerance. Furthermore, investigation of natural variations in these stress responses has supplied new perspectives on the evolution of mechanisms that regulate tolerance and adaptation. This review discusses the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to salt-stress tolerance among different classes of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxian Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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108
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Identification of Superior Alleles for Seedling Stage Salt Tolerance in the USDA Rice Mini-Core Collection. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110472. [PMID: 31694217 PMCID: PMC6918172 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major constraint to rice acreage and production worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural genetic variation available in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice mini-core collection (URMC) for early vigor traits under salt stress and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seedling-stage salt tolerance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using a hydroponic system, the seedlings of 162 accessions were subjected to electrical conductivity (EC) 6.0 dS m−1 salt stress at the three-to-four leaf stage. After completion of the study, 59.4% of the accessions were identified as sensitive, 23.9% were identified as moderately tolerant, and 16.7% were identified as highly tolerant. Pokkali was the most tolerant variety, while Nerica-6 was the most sensitive. Adapting standard International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) protocols, eight variables associated with salt tolerance were determined. The GWAS of the URMC, using over three million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified nine genomic regions associated with salt tolerance that were mapped to five different chromosomes. Of these, none were in the known Saltol QTL region, suggesting different probable genes and mechanisms responsible for salt tolerance in the URMC. The study uncovered genetic loci that explained a large portion of the variation in salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Fourteen highly salt-tolerant accessions, six novel loci, and 16 candidate genes in their vicinity were identified that may be useful in breeding for salt stress tolerance. Identified QTLs can be targeted for fine mapping, candidate gene verification, and marker-assisted breeding in future studies.
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109
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Xu X, Xue K, Tang S, He J, Song B, Zhou M, Zou Y, Zhou Y, Jenks MA. The relationship between cuticular lipids and associated gene expression in above ground organs of Thellungiella salsugineum (Pall.) Al-Shehbaz & Warwick. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110200. [PMID: 31481227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle plays a critical role as barrier between plant and environment. Here, cuticular wax morphology, cuticular wax and cutin monomer composition, and expression of associated genes in five above ground organs were examined in model extremophyte Thellungiella salsugineum. Alkanes, ketones, and 2-alcohols were the predominant wax constitutes in rosette leaves, inflorescence stem leaves, stems, and siliques, whereas alkanes and acids were the predominant cuticular lipids in whole flowers. Unsubstituted acids were the most abundant cutin monomers in vegetative organs, especially C18:2 dioic acids, which reached the highest levels in stems. Hydroxy fatty acids were the predominant cutin monomers in flowers, especially 16-OH C16:0 and diOH C16:0. High-throughput RNA-Seq analysis using the Hiseq4000 platform was performed on these five above organs of T. salsugineum, and the differentially expressed lipid-associated genes and their associated metabolic pathways were identified. Expression of genes associated in previous reports to cuticle production, including those having roles in cuticle lipid biosynthesis, transport, and regulation were examined. The association of cuticle lipid composition and gene expression within different organs of T. salsugineum, and potential relationships between T. salsugineum's extreme cuticle and its adaptation to extreme environments is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Kun Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junqing He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Buerbatu Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Minqi Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanli Zou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Matthew A Jenks
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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110
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Yun KBM, Koster S, Rutter A, Zeeb BA. Haloconduction as a remediation strategy: Capture and quantification of salts excreted by recretohalophytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:827-835. [PMID: 31242461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recretohalophytes employ specialized glands to excrete salt ions onto their tissue surfaces, which then have the potential to be transported away from the plant via wind in a process referred to as 'haloconduction'. Spartina pectinata and Distichlis spicata were selected to investigate the potential to remediate a cement kiln dust landfill in Bath, ON via salt excretion and haloconduction. Under ideal conditions in the laboratory, measurements of salt excreted by large (>15 shoots and > 50 cm height) plants of each species were 280 ± 164 g/m2 and 164 ± 75 g/m2, respectively, resulting in potential remediation timeframes of 1.4 ± 0.9 and 2.4 ± 1.1 years. Three salt collection methods were developed and installed in the field to test their efficacy for capturing and measuring windborne salt mobilized from plant surfaces. All three methods (two ground-level and one at 260 cm height) were successful in capturing and quantifying airborne salts up to 15 m from the plots. This study is the first to collect and quantify dispersed salt from recretohalophytes and hence confirm the theory of haloconduction, a promising new remediation technology for salt-impacted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra B M Yun
- School of Environmental Studies, Rm 0626 Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sonja Koster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada.
| | - Allison Rutter
- School of Environmental Studies, Rm 0626 Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Barbara A Zeeb
- School of Environmental Studies, Rm 0626 Biosciences Complex, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada
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111
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Cerutti A, Jauneau A, Laufs P, Leonhardt N, Schattat MH, Berthomé R, Routaboul JM, Noël LD. Mangroves in the Leaves: Anatomy, Physiology, and Immunity of Epithemal Hydathodes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 57:91-116. [PMID: 31100996 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydathodes are organs found on aerial parts of a wide range of plant species that provide almost direct access for several pathogenic microbes to the plant vascular system. Hydathodes are better known as the site of guttation, which is the release of droplets of plant apoplastic fluid to the outer leaf surface. Because these organs are only described through sporadic allusions in the literature, this review aims to provide a comprehensive view of hydathode development, physiology, and immunity by compiling a historic and contemporary bibliography. In particular, we refine the definition of hydathodes.We illustrate their important roles in the maintenance of plant osmotic balance, nutrient retrieval, and exclusion of deleterious chemicals from the xylem sap. Finally, we present our current understanding of the infection of hydathodes by adapted vascular pathogens and the associated plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Cerutti
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA and CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Alain Jauneau
- Plateforme Imagerie, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 3450, Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Patrick Laufs
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA and AgroParisTech and CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université and Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives and CNRS, UMR 7265, F-13108 Saint Paul-Les-Durance, France
| | - Martin H Schattat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Richard Berthomé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Jean-Marc Routaboul
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
| | - Laurent D Noël
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse and INRA and CNRS, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;
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112
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Rajakani R, Sellamuthu G, V S, S K, Shabala L, Meinke H, Chen Z, Zhou M, Parida A, Shabala S, Venkataraman G. Microhair on the adaxial leaf surface of salt secreting halophytic Oryza coarctata Roxb. show distinct morphotypes: Isolation for molecular and functional analysis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:248-257. [PMID: 31203890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Halophytic Oryza coarctata is a good model system to examine mechanisms of salinity tolerance in rice. O. coarctata leaves show the presence of microhairs in adaxial leaf surface furrows that secrete salt under salinity. However, detailed molecular and physiological studies of O. coarctata microhairs are limited due to their relative inaccessibility. This work presents a detailed characterization of O. coarctata leaf features. O. coarctata has two types of microhairs on the adaxial leaf surface: longer microhairs (three morphotypes) lining epidermal furrow walls and shorter microhairs (reported first time) arising from bulliform cells. Microhair morphotypes include (i) finger-like, tubular structures, (ii) tubular hairs with bilobed and flattened heads and (iii) bi-or trifurcated hairs. The unicellular nature of microhairs was confirmed by propidium iodide (PI) staining. An efficient method for the isolation and enrichment of O. coarctata microhairs is presented (yield averaging ˜2 × 105/g leaf tissue). The robustness of the microhair isolation procedure was confirmed by subsequent viability staining (PI), total RNA isolation and RT-PCR amplification of O. coarctata trichome-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3B (OcWox3B) and transporter gene-specific cDNA sequences. The present microhair isolation work from O. coarctata paves the way for examining genes involved in ion secretion in this halophytic wild rice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rajakani
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Gothandapani Sellamuthu
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Saravanakumar V
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Kannappan S
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Holger Meinke
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia
| | - Ajay Parida
- Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), NALCO Square, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas, 7001, Australia.
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, 600 113, India.
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113
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Sun X, Han G, Meng Z, Lin L, Sui N. Roles of malic enzymes in plant development and stress responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1644596. [PMID: 31322479 PMCID: PMC6768271 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1644596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Malic enzyme (ME) comprises a family of proteins with multiple isoforms located in different compartments of eukaryotic cells. It is a key enzyme regulating malic acid metabolism and can catalyze the reversible reaction of oxidative decarboxylation of malic acid. And it is also one of the important enzymes in plant metabolism and is involved in multiple metabolic processes. ME is widely present in plants and mainly discovered in cytoplasmic stroma, mitochondria, chloroplasts. It is involved in plant growth, development, and stress response. Plants are stressed by various environmental factors such as drought, high salt, and high temperature during plant growth, and the mechanisms of plant response to various environmental stresses are synergistic. Numerous studies have shown that ME participates in the process of coping with the above environmental factors by increasing water use efficiency, improving photosynthesis of plants, providing reducing power, and so on. In this review, we discuss the important role of ME in plant development and plant stress response, and prospects for its application. It provides a theoretical basis for the future use of ME gene for molecular resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Lin
- Water Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, PR China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, PR China
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114
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Zhang XJ, Wang N, Zhang LY, Fan SJ, Qu XJ. Characterization of the complete plastome of Atriplex centralasiatica (Chenopodiaceae), an annual halophytic herb. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 4:2475-2476. [PMID: 33365589 PMCID: PMC7687555 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1638329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Atriplex centralasiatica, an annual halophytic herb, is one of the most important Chinese herbal medicines, forages and indicator plants for saline-alkali soil. In this study, we report the complete plastome of A. centralasiatica. The plastome was 152,237 bp in length and comprises a large single-copy region (83,721 bp), a small single-copy region (18,096 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (25,210 bp). It encodes 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. The overall GC content of this plastome was 37.3%. Phylogenomic analysis based on 21 plastomes revealed that A. centralasiatica was closely related to the genus Chenopodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Luo-Yan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Qu
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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115
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Wang J, Qiu N, Wang P, Zhang W, Yang X, Chen M, Wang B, Sun J. Na + compartmentation strategy of Chinese cabbage in response to salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 140:151-157. [PMID: 31103797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX), responsible for counter-transport of Na+ and H+ across membranes (Na+ compartmentalization), plays a central role in plant salt-tolerance. In order to explore the Na+ compartmentalization modes and salt tolerance strategy in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), the seedlings of a salt-susceptible cabbage cultivar (Kuaicai 38) and a salt-tolerant cabbage cultivar (Qingmaye) were exposed to 100-400 mM NaCl for 30 days. Both of these cultivars showed a gradual decrease in fresh weight and water content and an increase in root-shoot ratio with the increasing NaCl-treatment concentration. The distribution of Na+ in these two cultivars was similar, with the green leaves showing the highest Na+ content, followed by inflated midribs, stems, and roots. The Na+ concentration in the apoplast was higher than that in the protoplast of the leaves. The expression levels of BrNHX1-1 and BrNHX1-2 in the leaves of Qingmaye were the highest among all BrNHX members, and increased after salt treatment. However, only BrNHX1-1 was expressed in Kuaicai 38. These results indicate that Na+ compartmentation into vacuoles is the major salt-adaptation strategy in Chinese cabbage. Coordinated overexpression of BrNHX1-1 and BrNHX1-2 may confer greater salt-tolerance for Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Nianwei Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Weirong Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, 273165, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jingkuan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, 256600, China.
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116
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Li J, Liu M. Biological features and regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10914-10920. [PMID: 30784118 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes play a vital role in saline agriculture because these plants are necessary to increase the food supply to meet the demands of the growing world population. In addition, the transfer of salt-resistance genes from halophytes using genetic technologies has the potential to increase the salt tolerance of xerophytes. Characterization of some particularly promising halophyte model organisms has revealed the important new insights into the salt tolerance mechanisms used by plants. Numerous advances using these model systems have improved our understanding of salt tolerance regulation and salt tolerance-associated changes in gene expression, and these mechanisms have important implications for saline agriculture. Recent findings provide a basis for future studies of salt tolerance in plants, as well as the development of improved strategies for saline agriculture to increase yields of food, feed, and fuel crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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117
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Li J, Han G, Sun C, Sui N. Research advances of MYB transcription factors in plant stress resistance and breeding. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1613131. [PMID: 31084451 PMCID: PMC6619938 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1613131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants face various stresses during the growth and development processes. The specific transcription factors bind to the cis-acting elements upstream of the stress resistance genes, specifically regulating the expression of the gene in plants and increasing the adaptability of plants to environmental stress. The transcription factor-mediated gene expression regulatory networks play an important role in plant stress response pathways. MYB (v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog) transcription factor is one of the largest members of the transcription factor family in plants. It participates and has a great influence on all aspects of plant growth and development. It plays an important role in plant secondary metabolic regulation, hormone and environmental factor responses, cell differentiation, organ morphogenesis, and cell cycle regulation. This review mainly introduces the characteristics, structure, and classification of MYB transcription factors, as well as the abiotic stress resistance to drought, salt, temperature, and other functions in breeding, and provides a reference for the research and utilization of transcription factors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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118
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Wu H, Guo J, Wang C, Li K, Zhang X, Yang Z, Li M, Wang B. An Effective Screening Method and a Reliable Screening Trait for Salt Tolerance of Brassica napus at the Germination Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:530. [PMID: 31105727 PMCID: PMC6499083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major and complex abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and reduces crop yield. Given the global increase in soil salinity, there is a need to develop salt-tolerant species. Brassica napus L. is an important oilseed crop with some level of salt tolerance. However, few studies have evaluated its salt tolerance thoroughly or screened for traits that can be reliably evaluated for salt tolerance. Here, we evaluated salt tolerance in 549 B. napus inbred lines with different genetic backgrounds using the membership function value (MFV) of certain traits, including the germination rate, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight, and total fresh weight. According to the evaluation criteria-mean MFV, 50 highly salt-tolerant, 115 salt-tolerant, 71 moderately salt-tolerant, 202 salt-sensitive, and 111 highly salt-sensitive inbred lines were screened at the germination stage. We also developed a mathematical evaluation model and identified that the salt tolerance index of shoot fresh weight is a single trait that reliably represents the salt tolerance of B. napus germplasm at the germination stage. These results are useful for evaluating and breeding salt-tolerant B. napus germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Chengfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Kailun Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Ji’nan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, China
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119
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Zhang Z, Zhou J, Du X. Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040222. [PMID: 30925806 PMCID: PMC6523478 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne safety has become a global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The rapid and precise monitoring and detection of foodborne pathogens has generated a strong interest by researchers in order to control and prevent human foodborne infections. Traditional methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens are often time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and unable to satisfy the demands of rapid food testing. Owing to the advantages of simplicity, real-time analysis, high sensitivity, miniaturization, rapid detection time, and low cost, electrochemical biosensing technology is more and more widely used in determination of foodborne pathogens. Here, we summarize recent developments in electrochemical biosensing technologies used to detect common foodborne pathogens. Additionally, we discuss research challenges and future prospects for this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Du
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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120
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Suska-Malawska M, Sulwiński M, Wilk M, Otarov A, Mętrak M. Potential eolian dust contribution to accumulation of selected heavy metals and rare earth elements in the aboveground biomass of Tamarix spp. from saline soils in Kazakhstan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:57. [PMID: 30627796 PMCID: PMC6326975 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-7179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid zones, atmospheric dust of different origins influences soil chemistry and plant biomass composition. Thus, studies on plant accumulation of heavy metals and rare earth elements (RREs) should include some assessments of potential eolian deposition. Here, we proposed the use of fractionation of metals in soils as an indirect method to assess potential atmospheric dust input to metal content in plant biomass. Our research was performed on individuals of Tamarix spp. growing on saline automorphic and hydromorphic soils in Kazakhstan. Studied soils could be, in general, classified as polluted, especially in industrial areas of Karaganda and Chromtau. However, concentrations of heavy metals and RREs in biomass remained low, as most of the studied elements were present in plant-inaccessible forms. Nevertheless, we recorded a high accumulation of Cd in biomass (70% of this element present in soils as plant-inaccessible fractions), which indicates the impact of Cd atmospheric deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Sulwiński
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilk
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Azimbay Otarov
- Kazakh Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Monika Mętrak
- Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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121
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Yuan F, Guo J, Shabala S, Wang B. Reproductive Physiology of Halophytes: Current Standing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1954. [PMID: 30687356 PMCID: PMC6334627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Halophytes possess efficient salt-tolerance mechanisms and can complete their life cycles in naturally saline soils with NaCl contents exceeding 200 mM. While a significant progress have been made in recent decades elucidating underlying salt-tolerance mechanisms, these studies have been mostly confined to the vegetative growth stage. At the same time, the capacity to generate high-quality seeds and to survive early developmental stages under saline conditions, are both critically important for plants. Halophytes perform well in both regards, whereas non-halophytes cannot normally complete their life cycles under saline conditions. Scope: Research into the effects of salinity on plant reproductive biology has gained momentum in recent years. However, it remains unclear whether the reproductive biology of halophytes differs from that of non-halophytes, and whether their reproductive processes benefit, like their vegetative growth, from the presence of salt in the rhizosphere. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the superior reproductive biology of halophytes, focusing on critical aspects including control of flowering time, changes in plant hormonal status and their impact on anther and pollen development and viability, plant carbohydrate status and seed formation, mechanisms behind the early germination of halophyte seeds, and the role of seed polymorphism. Conclusion: Salt has beneficial effects on halophyte reproductive growth that include late flowering, increased flower numbers and pollen vitality, and high seed yield. This improved performance is due to optimal nutrition during vegetative growth, alterations in plant hormonal status, and regulation of flowering genes. In addition, the seeds of halophytes harvested under saline conditions show higher salt tolerance than those obtained under non-saline condition, largely due to increased osmolyte accumulation, more optimal hormonal composition (e.g., high gibberellic acid and low abcisic acid content) and, in some species, seed dimorphism. In the near future, identifying key genes involved in halophyte reproductive physiology and using them to transform crops could be a promising approach to developing saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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122
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Yuan F, Xu Y, Leng B, Wang B. Beneficial Effects of Salt on Halophyte Growth: Morphology, Cells, and Genes. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:191-200. [PMID: 33817151 PMCID: PMC7874760 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes can survive and complete their life cycle in the presence of ≥200 mM NaCl. These remarkable plants have developed various strategies to tolerate salinity and thrive in high-salt environments. At the appropriate levels, salt has a beneficial effect on the vegetative growth of halophytes but inhibits the growth of non-halophytes. In recent years, many studies have focused on elucidating the salt-tolerance mechanisms of halophytes at the molecular, physiological, and individual level. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms, from the macroscopic to the molecular, underlying the successful growth of halophytes in saline environments to explain why salt has beneficial effects on halophytes but harmful effects on non-halophytes. These mechanisms include the specialized organs of halophytes (for example, ion compartmentalization in succulent leaves), their unique structures (salt glands and hydrophobic barriers in roots), and their salt-tolerance genes. We hope to shed light on the use of halophytes for engineering salt-tolerant crops, soil conservation, and the protection of freshwater resources in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yanyu Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bingying Leng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
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123
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Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Rahman MA, Miah MG, Saha SR, Karim MA, Keya SS, Akter M, Islam M, Tran LSP. Insight into salt tolerance mechanisms of the halophyte Achras sapota: an important fruit tree for agriculture in coastal areas. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:181-191. [PMID: 30062531 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sapota (Achras sapota), a fruit tree with nutritional and medicinal properties, is known to thrive in salt-affected areas. However, the underlying mechanisms that allow sapota to adapt to saline environment are yet to be explored. Here, we examined various morphological, physiological, and biochemical features of sapota under a gradient of seawater (0, 4, 8, and 12 dS m-1) to study its adaptive responses against salinity. Our results showed that seawater-induced salinity negatively impacted on growth-related attributes, such as plant height, root length, leaf area, and dry biomass in a dose-dependent manner. This growth reduction was positively correlated with reductions in relative water content, stomatal conductance, xylem exudation rate, and chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and protein contents. However, the salt tolerance index did not decline in proportional to the increasing doses of seawater, indicating a salt tolerance capacity of sapota. Under salt stress, ion analysis revealed that Na+ mainly retained in roots, whereas K+ and Ca2+ were more highly accumulated in leaves than in roots, suggesting a potential mechanism in restricting transport of excessive Na+ to leaves to facilitate the uptake of other essential minerals. Sapota plants also maintained an improved leaf succulence with increasing levels of seawater. Furthermore, increased accumulations of proline, total amino acids, soluble sugars, and reducing sugars suggested an enhanced osmoprotective capacity of sapota to overcome salinity-induced osmotic stress. Our results demonstrate that the salt adaptation strategy of sapota is attributed to increased leaf succulence, selective transport of minerals, efficient Na+ retention in roots, and accumulation of compatible solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giashuddin Miah
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Satya Ranjan Saha
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdul Karim
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Munny Akter
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohidul Islam
- Hill Agricultural Research Station, Raikhali, Rangamati Hill District, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
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Flowers TJ, Glenn EP, Volkov V. Could vesicular transport of Na+ and Cl- be a feature of salt tolerance in halophytes? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:1-18. [PMID: 30247507 PMCID: PMC6344095 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Halophytes tolerate external salt concentrations of 200 mm and more, accumulating salt concentrations of 500 mm and more in their shoots; some, recretohalophytes, excrete salt through glands on their leaves. Ions are accumulated in central vacuoles, but the pathway taken by these ions from the outside of the roots to the vacuoles inside the cells is poorly understood. Do the ions cross membranes through ion channels and transporters or move in vesicles, or both? Vesicular transport from the plasma membrane to the vacuole would explain how halophytes avoid the toxicity of high salt concentrations on metabolism. There is also a role for vesicles in the export of ions via salt glands. Scope and Methods We have collected data on the fluxes of sodium and chloride ions in halophytes, based on the weight of the transporting organs and on the membrane area across which the flux occurs; the latter range from 17 nmol m-2 s-1 to 4.2 μmol m-2 s-1 and values up to 1 μmol m-2 s-1 need to be consistent with whatever transport system is in operation. We have summarized the sizes and rates of turnover of vesicles in plants, where clathrin-independent vesicles are 100 nm or more in diameter and can merge with the plasma membrane at rates of 100 s-1. We gathered evidence for vesicular transport of ions in halophytes and evaluated whether vesicular transport could account for the observable fluxes. Conclusions There is strong evidence in favour of vesicular transport in plants and circumstantial evidence in favour of the movement of ions in vesicles. Estimated rates of vesicle turnover could account for ion transport at the lower reported fluxes (around 20 nmol m-2 s-1), but the higher fluxes may require vesicles of the order of 1 μm or more in diameter. The very high fluxes reported in some salt glands might be an artefact of the way they were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Flowers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Edward P Glenn
- Environmental Research Laboratory of the University of Arizona, 1601 East, Airport Drive, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Vadim Volkov
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, London N7, UK
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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126
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He M, He CQ, Ding NZ. Abiotic Stresses: General Defenses of Land Plants and Chances for Engineering Multistress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1771. [PMID: 30581446 PMCID: PMC6292871 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient or excessive water, high salinity, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, are hostile to plant growth and development, leading to great crop yield penalty worldwide. It is getting imperative to equip crops with multistress tolerance to relieve the pressure of environmental changes and to meet the demand of population growth, as different abiotic stresses usually arise together in the field. The feasibility is raised as land plants actually have established more generalized defenses against abiotic stresses, including the cuticle outside plants, together with unsaturated fatty acids, reactive species scavengers, molecular chaperones, and compatible solutes inside cells. In stress response, they are orchestrated by a complex regulatory network involving upstream signaling molecules including stress hormones, reactive oxygen species, gasotransmitters, polyamines, phytochromes, and calcium, as well as downstream gene regulation factors, particularly transcription factors. In this review, we aimed at presenting an overview of these defensive systems and the regulatory network, with an eye to their practical potential via genetic engineering and/or exogenous application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nai-Zheng Ding
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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127
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Chen M, Xie S. Therapeutic targeting of cellular stress responses in cancer. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1575-1582. [PMID: 30312004 PMCID: PMC6275842 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar to bacteria, yeast, and other organisms that have evolved pathways to respond to environmental stresses, cancer cells develop mechanisms that increase genetic diversity to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stressful conditions, including hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, exposure to DNA-damaging agents, and immune responses. To survive, cancer cells trigger mechanisms that drive genomic instability and mutation, alter gene expression programs, and reprogram the metabolic pathways to evade growth inhibition signaling and immune surveillance. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathways used by cancer cells to overcome stresses will allow us to develop more efficacious strategies for cancer therapy. Herein, we overview several key stresses imposed on cancer cells, including oxidative, metabolic, mechanical, and genotoxic, and discuss the mechanisms that drive cancer cell responses. The therapeutic implications of these responses are also considered, as these factors pave the way for the targeting of stress adaption pathways in order to slow cancer progression and block resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
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128
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Sun X, Lin L, Sui N. Regulation mechanism of microRNA in plant response to abiotic stress and breeding. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1447-1457. [PMID: 30465132 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants are a class of small RNAs consisting of approximately 21-24 nucleotides. The mature miRNA binds to the target mRNA through the formation of a miRNA-induced silencing complex (MIRISC), and cleaves or inhibits translation, thereby achieving negative regulation of the target gene. Based on miRNA plays an important role in regulating plant gene expression, studies on the prediction, identification, function and evolution of plant miRNAs have been carried out. In addition, many researches prove that miRNAs are also involved in many kinds of abiotic and biotic stress, under abiotic stress, plants can express some miRNA, and act on stress-related target genes, which can make plants adapt to stress in physiological response. In this review, the synthetic pathway and mechanism of plant miRNA are briefly described, and we discuss the biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs responding to abiotic stresses including low temperature, salt, drought stress and breeding to lay the foundation for further exploring the mechanism of action of miRNAs in stress resistance of plant. And analyze its utilization prospects in plant stress resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lin
- Water Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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129
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Chen M, Yang Z, Liu J, Zhu T, Wei X, Fan H, Wang B. Adaptation Mechanism of Salt Excluders under Saline Conditions and Its Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3668. [PMID: 30463331 PMCID: PMC6274768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global soil salinization is increasingly a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Therefore, it is imperative to improve crop salt tolerance as a means of adaptation to saline habitats. Some halophytes and most monocotyledonous crops are salt-excluders. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of salt exclusion at the molecular level in salt-exclusion plants is critical for improving the salt tolerance of monocotyledonous crops such as maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum. In this review, we summarize recent research into salt-exclusion mechanisms and the genes that underlie them. Findings related to salt exclusion may accelerate the process of breeding tolerant cultivars by using genomic and molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, School of Biologic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250300, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaocen Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China.
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Zeng F, Shabala S, Maksimović JD, Maksimović V, Bonales-Alatorre E, Shabala L, Yu M, Zhang G, Živanović BD. Revealing mechanisms of salinity tissue tolerance in succulent halophytes: A case study for Carpobrotus rossi. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2654-2667. [PMID: 29956332 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to breed salt tolerant crops could benefit from investigating previously unexplored traits. One of them is a tissue succulency. In this work, we have undertaken an electrophysiological and biochemical comparison of properties of mesophyll and storage parenchyma leaf tissues of a succulent halophyte species Carpobrotus rosii ("pigface"). We show that storage parenchyma cells of C. rossii act as Na+ sink and possessed both higher Na+ sequestration (298 vs. 215 mM NaCl in mesophyll) and better K+ retention ability. The latter traits was determined by the higher rate of H+ -ATPase operation and higher nonenzymatic antioxidant activity in this tissue. Na+ uptake in both tissues was insensitive to either Gd3+ or elevated Ca2+ ruling out involvement of nonselective cation channels as a major path for Na+ entry. Patch-clamp experiments have revealed that Caprobrotus plants were capable to downregulate activity of fast vacuolar channels when exposed to saline environment; this ability was higher in the storage parenchyma cells compared with mesophyll. Also, storage parenchyma cells have constitutively lower number of open slow vacuolar channels, whereas in mesophyll, this suppression was inducible by salt. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic basis for efficient Na+ sequestration in the succulent leaf tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - Vuk Maksimović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Edgar Bonales-Alatorre
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Colima, Colima, México
| | - Lana Shabala
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Branka D Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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131
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Vaziriyeganeh M, Lee SH, Zwiazek JJ. Water transport properties of root cells contribute to salt tolerance in halophytic grasses Poa juncifolia and Puccinellia nuttalliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 276:54-62. [PMID: 30348328 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant water uptake and aquaporin-mediated root water transport are among the most salt-sensitive processes in most plants, but even relatively high salt concentrations do not appear to impair water transport processes in halophytes. To develop better understanding of these processes in halophytic plants, we compared the responses to NaCl of the two halophytic grasses varying in salt tolerance, Puccinellia nuttalliana and Poa juncifolia, with the glycophytic grass Poa pratensis. The plants were hydroponically grown and subjected to different NaCl concentrations for up to 10 days. At the lower NaCl concentrations, shoot and root dry weights were drastically reduced in Poa pratensis, but increased in Puccinellia nuttalliana and Poa juncifolia. The examined treatment concentrations of up to 300 mM NaCl had either no effect (Puccinellia nuttalliana) or little effect (Poa juncifolia) on the net photosynthesis and transpiration rates in plants, but severely decreased the gas exchange parameters in Poa pratensis. Similarly, to growth and gas exchange, leaf water content in Puccinellia nuttalliana was not affected even by the highest, 300 mM NaCl concentration, while Poa pratensis showed decreased shoot water content in all examined NaCl treatments and Poa juncifolia in 150 and 300 mM NaCl. Cell hydraulic conductivity in roots of Poa pratensis also showed high sensitivity to NaCl and was drastically reduced in all examined NaCl concentrations. Cell hydraulic conductivity in Poa juncifolia roots was less affected by NaCl compared with Poa pratensis and in Puccinellia nuttalliana, cell hydraulic conductivity increased in response to NaCl treatments. Both Puccinellia nuttalliana and Poa juncifolia accumulated less Na in their shoot tissues compared with Poa pratensis. The concentrations of K in the roots of Poa pratensis sharply decreased with increasing NaCl treatment concentrations while in Puccinellia nuttalliana, K root concentrations remained high in all NaCl treatments and in Poa juncifoila, root K decreased only in the 300 mM NaCl treatment. Since K efflux from the cytoplasm can contribute to the acidification of the cytoplasm, this process could potentially lead to the inhibition of aquaporin function and reduction of root hydraulic conductivity. The, significance of stable K root concentrations in the roots of halophytes should be further investigated as a possible salt tolerance mechanism that could contribute to the maintenance of aquaporin function and root water transport under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryamsadat Vaziriyeganeh
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Seong Hee Lee
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Janusz J Zwiazek
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 442 Earth Sciences Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada.
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132
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Xie S, Liu M. Survival Mechanisms to Selective Pressures and Implications. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:340-347. [PMID: 33817102 PMCID: PMC7874742 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved a spectrum of strategies that facilitate survival in the face of adverse environmental conditions. In order to make full use of the unfavorable resources of nature, human beings usually impose selective pressures to breed phenotypic traits that can survive in adverse environments. Animals are frequently under attack by biotic stress, such as bacterial and viral infections, while plants are more often subjected to abiotic stress, including high salinity, drought, and cold. In response to these diverse stresses, animals and plants initiate wide-ranging changes in gene expression by altering regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. Recent studies have identified a number of key responsive components that promote survival of animals and plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Importantly, with recent developments in genome-editing technology based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, manipulation of genetic elements to generate stress-resistant animals and plants has become both feasible and cost-effective. Herein, we review important mechanisms that govern the response of organisms to biotic and abiotic stresses with the aim of applying our understanding to the agriculture and animal husbandry industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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133
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Wang N, Qian Z, Luo M, Fan S, Zhang X, Zhang L. Identification of Salt Stress Responding Genes Using Transcriptome Analysis in Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3359. [PMID: 30373210 PMCID: PMC6274750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses threatening plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. In green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, physiological evidence indicates that saline stress increases intracellular peroxide levels and inhibits photosynthetic-electron flow. However, understanding the genetic underpinnings of salt-responding traits in plantae remains a daunting challenge. In this study, the transcriptome analysis of short-term acclimation to salt stress (200 mM NaCl for 24 h) was performed in C. reinhardtii. A total of 10,635 unigenes were identified as being differently expressed by RNA-seq, including 5920 up- and 4715 down-regulated unigenes. A series of molecular cues were screened for salt stress response, including maintaining the lipid homeostasis by regulating phosphatidic acid, acetate being used as an alternative source of energy for solving impairment of photosynthesis, and enhancement of glycolysis metabolism to decrease the carbohydrate accumulation in cells. Our results may help understand the molecular and genetic underpinnings of salt stress responses in green alga C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhixin Qian
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Manwei Luo
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shoujin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xuejie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Luoyan Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Jinan 250014, China.
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134
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Liu R, Wang L, Tanveer M, Song J. Seed Heteromorphism: An Important Adaptation of Halophytes for Habitat Heterogeneity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1515. [PMID: 30386364 PMCID: PMC6199896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a very critical and important step for seedling establishment under saline environments, as high level of salinity in the soil can prevent seed germination. However halophytes exhibit an interesting mechanism to cope with salt stress. Many halophytes produce heteromorphic seeds, which have different dormancy and germination behavior under saline conditions. This characteristic is related to the structural and physiological differences among heteromorphic seeds. It was unclear that how heteromorphic seeds differently accumulate organic and inorganic substances under saline conditions, and what are the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the production of heteromorphic seeds, and in the development of transgenerational plasticity in heteromorphic seeds. In the current brief review, dormancy and germination and the possible role of seed coat and storage compounds in this process of heteromorphic seeds development have been discussed. Moreover, the role of maternal effects on heteromorphic seeds production under saline environments and growth and reproduction capability of the descendants from them have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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135
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Du S, Yu C, Tang L, Lu L. Applications of SERS in the Detection of Stress-Related Substances. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E757. [PMID: 30257510 PMCID: PMC6215319 DOI: 10.3390/nano8100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of biotic and abiotic stresses continually attack plants and animals, which adversely affect their growth, development, reproduction, and yield realization. To survive under stress conditions, highly sophisticated and efficient tolerance mechanisms have been evolved to adapt to stresses, which consist of the variation of effector molecules playing vital roles in physiological regulation. The development of a sensitive, facile, and rapid analytical methods for stress factors and effector molecules detection is significant for gaining deeper insight into the tolerance mechanisms. As a nondestructive analysis technique, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has unique advantages regarding its biosensing applications. It not only provides specific fingerprint spectra of the target molecules, conformation, and structure, but also has universal capacity for simultaneous detection and imaging of targets owing to the narrow width of the Raman vibrational bands. Herein, recent progress on biotic and abiotic stresses, tolerance mechanisms and effector molecules is summarized. Moreover, the development and promising future trends of SERS detection for stress-related substances combined with nanomaterials as substrates and SERS tags are discussed. This comprehensive and critical review might shed light on a new perspective for SERS applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Chundi Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Lin Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Lixia Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety of Shandong Normal University, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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136
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Kırtel O, Versluys M, Van den Ende W, Toksoy Öner E. Fructans of the saline world. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1524-1539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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137
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Sun X, Wang Y, Sui N. Transcriptional regulation of bHLH during plant response to stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:397-401. [PMID: 30057319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Basic helix-loop-helix protein (bHLH) is the most extensive class of transcription factors in eukaryotes, which can regulate gene expression through interaction with specific motif in target genes. bHLH transcription factor is not only universally involved in plant growth and metabolism, including photomorphogenesis, light signal transduction and secondary metabolism, but also plays an important role in plant response to stress. In this review, we discuss the role of bHLH in plants in response to stresses such as drought, salt and cold stress. To provide a strong evidence for the important role of bHLH in plant stress response, in order to provide new ideas and targets for the prevention and treatment of plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, PR China.
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138
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Duan H, Ma Y, Liu R, Li Q, Yang Y, Song J. Effect of combined waterlogging and salinity stresses on euhalophyte Suaeda glauca. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:231-237. [PMID: 29621719 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and waterlogging are abiotic stresses that have a significant impact on agricultural production and ecosystem conservation. The response of euhalophyte Suaeda glauca to waterlogging and salinity stresses was investigated. The results revealed that waterlogging markedly decreased seedling emergence. Compared to drained conditions, waterlogging inhibited the shoot dry weight, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry and chlorophyll content at salinity. Salinity decreased these values in both waterlogged and drained conditions, while the opposite trend was found in intercellular CO2 concentrations. Waterlogging increased Na+, Cl-, O2-, H2O2 and MDA content in the leaves compared with those in drained conditions, but this was not the case for K+ content and SOD and APX activity. Salinity increased these values except that salinity decreased K+ content in both waterlogged and drained conditions. In conclusion, S. glauca is not tolerant to combined waterlogging and salinity stresses during both seedling emergence and seedling growth stages, and this trait may limit the distribution of the species in lowland saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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139
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Meng X, Zhou J, Sui N. Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes: Current Understanding and Recent Advances. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:149-154. [PMID: 33817080 PMCID: PMC7874743 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are plants that exhibit high salt tolerance, allowing them to survive and thrive under extremely saline conditions. The study of halophytes advances our understanding about the important adaptations that are required for survival in high salinity conditions, including secretion of salt through the salt glands, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and osmotic pressure, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and alterations in membrane composition. To explore the mechanisms that contribute to tolerance to salt stress, salt-responsive genes have been isolated from halophytes and expressed in non-salt tolerant plants using targeted transgenic technologies. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that underpin salt tolerance in different halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Meng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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140
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Li SH, Ge ZM, Xie LN, Chen W, Yuan L, Wang DQ, Li XZ, Zhang LQ. Ecophysiological response of native and exotic salt marsh vegetation to waterlogging and salinity: Implications for the effects of sea-level rise. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2441. [PMID: 29402891 PMCID: PMC5799283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecophysiological characteristics of native Phragmites australis and exotic Spartina alterniflora grown under waterlogging and salinity were investigated to explore their adaptation potential to sea level rise. The seasonal course of phenotypic traits, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. australis did not change remarkably under shallow flooding, whereas these variables were sensitive to increasing salinity. Waterlogging exacerbated the negative effects of salinity on shoot growth and photosynthetic activity of P. australis, and the combined stresses led to an absence of tassel and reproductive organs. By contrast, S. alterniflora performed well under both stresses and showed an obvious adaptation of salt secretion with increasing salinity. Light salinity was the optimal condition for S. alterniflora, and the tassel growth, chlorophyll content and fluorescence characters under moderate stresses did not differ notably. The Na+ and Cl- concentrations in leaves of both species increased, and the K+ content decreased in response to salinity. Under moderate and high saline levels, the ion concentrations in S. alterniflora were maintained at relatively consistent levels with increased salt secretion. We expect the degradation of P. australis and further colonization of S. alterniflora under prolonged flooding and saltwater intrusion from sea level rise on the coastline of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
- Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
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141
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Sun S, Zhou J. Molecular mechanisms underlying stress response and adaptation. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:218-227. [PMID: 29278299 PMCID: PMC5792716 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stresses are ubiquitous and unavoidable to all living things. Organisms respond and adapt to stresses through defined regulatory mechanisms that drive changes in gene expression, organismal morphology, or physiology. Immune responses illustrate adaptation to bacterial and viral biotic stresses in animals. Dysregulation of the genotoxic stress response system is frequently associated with various types of human cancer. With respect to plants, especially halophytes, complicated systems have been developed to allow for plant growth in high salt environments. In addition, drought, waterlogging, and low temperatures represent other common plant stresses. In this review, we summarize representative examples of organismal response and adaptation to various stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the above phenomena with a focus on the improvement of organismal tolerance to unfavorable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
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142
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Bai Y, Kissoudis C, Yan Z, Visser RGF, van der Linden G. Plant behaviour under combined stress: tomato responses to combined salinity and pathogen stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 93:781-793. [PMID: 29237240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Crop plants are subjected to a variety of stresses during their lifecycle, including abiotic stress factors such as salinity and biotic stress factors such as pathogens. Plants have developed a multitude of defense and adaptation responses to these stress factors. In the field, different stress factors mostly occur concurrently resulting in a new state of stress, the combined stress. There is evidence that plant resistance to pathogens can be attenuated or enhanced by abiotic stress factors. With stress tolerance research being mostly focused on plant responses to individual stresses, the understanding of a plant's ability to adapt to combined stresses is limited. In the last few years, we studied powdery mildew resistance under salt stress conditions in the model crop plant tomato with the aim to understand the requirements to achieve plant resilience to a wider array of combined abiotic and biotic stress combinations. We uncovered specific responses of tomato plants to combined salinity-pathogen stress, which varied with salinity intensity and plant resistance genes. Moreover, hormones, with their complex regulation and cross-talk, were shown to play a key role in the adaptation of tomato plants to the combined stress. In this review, we attempt to understand the complexity of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress combinations, with a focus on tomato responses (genetic control and cross-talk of signaling pathways) to combined salinity and pathogen stresses. Further, we provide recommendations on how to design novel strategies for breeding crops with a sustained performance under diverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Kissoudis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Zhe Yan
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van der Linden
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, Wageningen, 6700AJ, The Netherlands
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143
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Jian L, Chongling Y, Daolin D, Haoliang L, Jingchun L. Accumulation and speciation of Cd in Avicennia marina tissues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:1000-1006. [PMID: 28345963 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1303817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Avicennia marina is a high-Cd-tolerant species in the mangrove wetlands. A hydroponic experiment was carried out to research the accumulation and chemical form distribution of Cd in the tissues of A. marina under different concentrations and durations of Cd stress. It was found that the concentrations of Cd in plant tissues followed the order of root > stem > leaf. The data suggested that root activity decreased, Cd accumulation ability weakened in roots, and the translocation factor increased in stems and leaves with the increase of stress duration. With a proactive defense mechanism, most Cd was bound to pectates, organic acids, and protein, especially in roots and stems with the most proportion of 88.51 and 78.91%, respectively, having lower biological activities. The Cd bounded to water-soluble organic acid and free inorganic aminophenol-Cd showed the lowest concentration. The pectates, organic acids, and protein-integrated Cd seem the most important in affecting Cd detoxification for A. marina; this mechanism of change in Cd biological activities decreases the toxicity of this aggressive pollutant and presents new knowledge about the tolerance of mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jian
- a School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
- b Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Yan Chongling
- b Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Du Daolin
- a School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environment and Ecology , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China
| | - Lu Haoliang
- b Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Liu Jingchun
- b Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems , Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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144
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Al Hassan M, Estrelles E, Soriano P, López-Gresa MP, Bellés JM, Boscaiu M, Vicente O. Unraveling Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Halophytes: A Comparative Study on Four Mediterranean Limonium Species with Different Geographic Distribution Patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1438. [PMID: 28861106 PMCID: PMC5562691 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have performed an extensive study on the responses to salt stress in four related Limonium halophytes with different geographic distribution patterns, during seed germination and early vegetative growth. The aims of the work were twofold: to establish the basis for the different chorology of these species, and to identify relevant mechanisms of salt tolerance dependent on the control of ion transport and osmolyte accumulation. Seeds were germinated in vitro, in the presence of increasing NaCl concentrations, and subjected to "recovery of germination" tests; germination percentages and velocity were determined to establish the relative tolerance and competitiveness of the four Limonium taxa. Salt treatments were also applied to young plants, by 1-month irrigation with NaCl up to 800 mM; then, growth parameters, levels of monovalent and divalent ions (in roots and leaves), and leaf contents of photosynthetic pigments and common osmolytes were determined in control and stressed plants of the four species. Seed germination is the most salt-sensitive developmental phase in Limonium. The different germination behavior of the investigated species appears to be responsible for their geographical range size: L. narbonense and L. virgatum, widespread throughout the Mediterranean, are the most tolerant and the most competitive at higher soil salinities; the endemic L. santapolense and L. girardianum are the most sensitive and more competitive only at lower salinities. During early vegetative growth, all taxa showed a strong tolerance to salt stress, although slightly higher in L. virgatum and L. santapolense. Salt tolerance is based on the efficient transport of Na+ and Cl- to the leaves and on the accumulation of fructose and proline for osmotic adjustment. Despite some species-specific quantitative differences, the accumulation patterns of the different ions were similar in all species, not explaining differences in tolerance, except for the apparent activation of K+ transport to the leaves at high external salinity, observed only in the most tolerant L. narbonense and L. virgatum. This specific response may be therefore relevant for salt tolerance in Limonium. The ecological implications of these results, which can contribute to a more efficient management of salt marshes conservation/regeneration programs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Al Hassan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Elena Estrelles
- Jardín Botánico—ICBiBE, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Soriano
- Jardín Botánico—ICBiBE, Universitat de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - María P. López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - José M. Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Monica Boscaiu
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Oscar Vicente
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
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145
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Dai M, Lu H, Liu W, Jia H, Hong H, Liu J, Yan C. Phosphorus mediation of cadmium stress in two mangrove seedlings Avicennia marina and Kandelia obovata differing in cadmium accumulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:272-279. [PMID: 28161586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to environmental threats. In order to elucidate the effect of phosphorus (P) on cadmium (Cd) tolerance and physiological responses in mangroves under Cd stress, a mangrove specie with salt exclusion Kandelia obovata and a specie with salt secretion Avicennia marina were compared in a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that most Cd was accumulated in mangrove roots and that P addition induced Cd immobilisation in them. Cd stress significantly increased malonaldehyde content, whereas P significantly decreased malonaldehyde in mangroves. Phosphorus positively regulated the photosynthetic pigment, proline content and synthesis of non-protein thiols, glutathione and phytochelatins in the leaves under Cd stress conditions. The results suggest different adaptive strategies adopted by two mangroves in a complex environment and A. marina showed a stronger Cd tolerance than K. obovata. The study provides a theoretical basis for P mediated detoxification of Cd in mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Dai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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146
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Dassanayake M, Larkin JC. Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:406. [PMID: 28400779 PMCID: PMC5368257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - John C. Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
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