101
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Feng YQ, Zhao AH, Wang JJ, Tian Y, Yan ZH, Dri M, Shen W, De Felici M, Li L. Oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for zearalenone to induce genome toxicity. Gene 2022; 829:146511. [PMID: 35447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a common non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin of the Fusarium genus, is one of the most frequent and powerful contaminant of grains and cereal products representing a serious threat for people and livestock health. In fact, ZEN causes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in a variety of cell types at least in part through binding to estrogen receptors (ERs). The main pathways through which ZEN induces such effects remain, however, elusive. In particular, how the mycotoxin causes DNA damage, dysregulates DNA repair mechanisms, changes epigenome of targeted cells and, not least, affects chromatin conformation and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), is unclear. In the present paper, following extensive review of the literature about such ZEN effects and our own experience in studying the effects of this compound on reproductive processes, we propose that increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently oxidative stress (OS) are central in ZEN genotoxicity. Besides to shed light on the action mechanisms of the mycotoxin, this notion might help to develop effective strategies to counteract its deleterious biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ai-Hong Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Massimo De Felici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
| | - Lan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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102
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Reactive Oxygen Species Bridge the Gap between Chronic Inflammation and Tumor Development. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2606928. [PMID: 35799889 PMCID: PMC9256443 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2606928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to numerous animal studies, adverse environmental stimuli, including physical, chemical, and biological factors, can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and subsequent tumor development. Human epidemiological evidence has confirmed the close relationship between chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms driving the development of persistent inflammation toward tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this study, we assess the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated mechanisms in modulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis. Recent reports have emphasized the cross-talk between oxidative stress and inflammation in many pathological processes. Exposure to carcinogenic environmental hazards may lead to oxidative damage, which further stimulates the infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells. In turn, increased cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory cells promotes ROS production in chronic lesions, even in the absence of hazardous stimuli. Moreover, ROS not only cause DNA damage but also participate in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by modulating several transcription factors and signaling pathways. We summarize how changes in the redox state can trigger the development of chronic inflammatory lesions into tumors. Generally, cancer cells require an appropriate inflammatory microenvironment to support their growth, spread, and metastasis, and ROS may provide the necessary catalyst for inflammation-driven cancer. In conclusion, ROS bridge the gap between chronic inflammation and tumor development; therefore, targeting ROS and inflammation represents a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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103
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Thapa J, Yoshiiri G, Ito K, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Furuta Y, Higashi H, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia trachomatis Requires Functional Host-Cell Mitochondria and NADPH Oxidase 4/p38MAPK Signaling for Growth in Normoxia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:902492. [PMID: 35719337 PMCID: PMC9199516 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.902492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is an intracellular energy-parasitic bacterium that requires ATP derived from infected cells for its growth. Meanwhile, depending on the O2 concentration, the host cells change their mode of ATP production between oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria (Mt) and glycolysis; this change depends on signaling via reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) as well as Mt. It has been proposed that Ct correspondingly switches its source of acquisition of ATP between host-cell Mt and glycolysis, but this has not been verified experimentally. In the present study, we assessed the roles of host-cell NOXs and Mt in the intracellular growth of CtL2 (L2 434/Bu) under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (2% O2) by using several inhibitors of NOXs (or the downstream molecule) and Mt-dysfunctional (Mtd) HEp-2 cells. Under normoxia, diphenyleneiodonium, an inhibitor of ROS diffusion, abolished the growth of CtL2 and other Chlamydiae (CtD and C. pneumoniae). Both ML171 (a pan-NOX inhibitor) and GLX351322 (a NOX4-specific inhibitor) impaired the growth of CtL2 under normoxia, but not hypoxia. NOX4-knockdown cells diminished the bacterial growth. SB203580, an inhibitor of the NOX4-downstream molecule p38MAPK, also inhibited the growth of CtL2 under normoxia but not hypoxia. Furthermore, CtL2 failed to grow in Mtd cells under normoxia, but no effect was observed under hypoxia. We conclude that under normoxia, Ct requires functional Mt in its host cells as an ATP source, and that this process requires NOX4/p38MAPK signaling in the host cells. In contrast to hypoxia, crosstalk between NOX4 and Mt via p38MAPK may be crucial for the growth of Ct under normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshiiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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104
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Cung T, Wang H, Hartnett ME. The Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) Oxidase and Erythropoietin, and Their Interactions in Angiogenesis: Implications in Retinopathy of Prematurity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121951. [PMID: 35741081 PMCID: PMC9222209 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness in premature infants. Oxidative stress is implicated in its pathophysiology. NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major enzyme responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, has been studied for its involvement in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) has gained interest recently due to its tissue protective and angiogenic effects, and it has been shown to act as an antioxidant. In this review, we summarize studies performed over the last five years regarding the role of various NOXs in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. We also discuss the effect of EPO in tissue and vasoprotection, and the intersection of EPO and NOX-mediated oxidative stress in angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of ROP.
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105
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Guo CL. Self-Sustained Regulation or Self-Perpetuating Dysregulation: ROS-dependent HIF-YAP-Notch Signaling as a Double-Edged Sword on Stem Cell Physiology and Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:862791. [PMID: 35774228 PMCID: PMC9237464 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.862791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ development, homeostasis, and repair often rely on bidirectional, self-organized cell-niche interactions, through which cells select cell fate, such as stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. The niche contains multiplexed chemical and mechanical factors. How cells interpret niche structural information such as the 3D topology of organs and integrate with multiplexed mechano-chemical signals is an open and active research field. Among all the niche factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have recently gained growing interest. Once considered harmful, ROS are now recognized as an important niche factor in the regulation of tissue mechanics and topology through, for example, the HIF-YAP-Notch signaling pathways. These pathways are not only involved in the regulation of stem cell physiology but also associated with inflammation, neurological disorder, aging, tumorigenesis, and the regulation of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1. Positive feedback circuits have been identified in the interplay of ROS and HIF-YAP-Notch signaling, leading to the possibility that under aberrant conditions, self-organized, ROS-dependent physiological regulations can be switched to self-perpetuating dysregulation, making ROS a double-edged sword at the interface of stem cell physiology and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how ROS and tissue mechanics affect YAP-HIF-Notch-PD-L1 signaling, hoping that the knowledge can be used to design strategies for stem cell-based and ROS-targeting therapy and tissue engineering.
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106
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Sylvester AL, Zhang DX, Ran S, Zinkevich NS. Inhibiting NADPH Oxidases to Target Vascular and Other Pathologies: An Update on Recent Experimental and Clinical Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060823. [PMID: 35740948 PMCID: PMC9221095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be beneficial or harmful in health and disease. While low levels of ROS serve as signaling molecules to regulate vascular tone and the growth and proliferation of endothelial cells, elevated levels of ROS contribute to numerous pathologies, such as endothelial dysfunctions, colon cancer, and fibrosis. ROS and their cellular sources have been extensively studied as potential targets for clinical intervention. Whereas various ROS sources are important for different pathologies, four NADPH oxidases (NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and NOX5) play a prominent role in homeostasis and disease. NOX1-generated ROS have been implicated in hypertension, suggesting that inhibition of NOX1 may be a promising therapeutic approach. NOX2 and NOX4 oxidases are of specific interest due to their role in producing extra- and intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NOX4-released hydrogen peroxide activates NOX2, which in turn stimulates the release of mitochondrial ROS resulting in ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR) signaling. Increased ROS production from NOX5 contributes to atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize recent findings on NOX enzymes and clinical trials inhibiting NADPH oxidases to target pathologies including diabetes, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L. Sylvester
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA; or
| | - David X. Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Natalya S. Zinkevich
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703, USA; or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(217)-206-8367
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107
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Reactive Oxygen Species Distribution Involved in Stipe Gradient Elongation in the Mushroom Flammulina filiformis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121896. [PMID: 35741023 PMCID: PMC9221348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mushroom stipe raises the pileus above the substrate into a suitable position for dispersing spores. The stipe elongates at different speeds along its length, with the rate of elongation decreasing in a gradient from the top to the base. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stipe gradient elongation are largely unknown. Here, we used the model basidiomycete mushroom Flammulina filiformis to investigate the mechanism of mushroom stipe elongation and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in this process. Our results show that O2- and H2O2 exhibit opposite gradient distributions in the stipe, with higher O2- levels in the elongation region (ER), and higher H2O2 levels in the stable region (SR). Moreover, NADPH-oxidase-encoding genes are up-regulated in the ER, have a function in producing O2-, and positively regulate stipe elongation. Genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are up-regulated in the SR, have a function in producing H2O2, and negatively regulate stipe elongation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that ROS (O2-/H2O2) redistribution mediated by NADPH oxidase and MnSODs is linked to the gradient elongation of the F. filiformis stipe.
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108
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Reactive Oxygen Species are Essential for Placental Angiogenesis During Early Gestation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4290922. [PMID: 35693704 PMCID: PMC9177322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4290922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with insufficient placental perfusion attributed to maldevelopment of the placental vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in angiogenesis, but their regulatory effects and mechanisms in placental vascular development remain unclear. Methods Placental oxidative stress was determined throughout gestation by measuring 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The antioxidant MitoQ was administered to pregnant mice from GDs 7.5 to 11.5; placental morphology and angiogenesis pathways were examined on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Moreover, we established a mouse mFlt-1-induced PE model and assessed blood pressure, urine protein levels, and placental vascular development on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with various H2O2 concentrations to evaluate cell viability, intracellular ROS levels, and tube formation capability. MitoQ, an AKT inhibitor and an ERK1/2 inhibitor were applied to validate the ROS-mediated mechanism regulating placental angiogenesis. Results First-trimester placentas presented significantly higher MDA and 4HNE levels. MitoQ significantly reduced the blood vessel density and angiogenesis pathway activity in the placenta on GDs 11.5 and 18.5. Serum sFlt-1 levels were elevated, and we observed poor placental angiogenesis and PE-like symptoms in cases with mFlt-1 overexpression. Moderate H2O2 treatment promoted HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis, whereas these improvements were abolished by MitoQ, AKT inhibitor, or ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment. Conclusions Moderate ROS levels are essential for placental angiogenesis; diminishing ROS with potent antioxidants during placentation decreases placental angiogenesis and increases PE risk. Therefore, antioxidant therapy should be considered carefully for normal pregnant women during early gestation.
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109
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Yang J, Liu Z. Mechanistic Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Nephropathy and Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:816400. [PMID: 35692405 PMCID: PMC9174994 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.816400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are microvascular complications of diabetes. Microvascular endothelial cells are thought to be the major targets of hyperglycemic injury. In diabetic microvasculature, the intracellular hyperglycemia causes damages to the vascular endothelium, via multiple pathophysiological process consist of inflammation, endothelial cell crosstalk with podocytes/pericytes and exosomes. In addition, DN and DR diseases development are involved in several critical regulators including the cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and the Notch signal. The present review attempts to gain a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis complexities underlying the endothelial dysfunction in diabetes diabetic and retinopathy, contributing to the development of new mechanistic therapeutic strategies against diabetes-induced microvascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province Research Center For Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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110
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Zhu G, Wang X, Chen L, Lenahan C, Fu Z, Fang Y, Yu W. Crosstalk Between the Oxidative Stress and Glia Cells After Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852416. [PMID: 35281064 PMCID: PMC8913707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of global death and is characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Oxidative stress is accompanied by other pathological processes that together lead to secondary brain damage in stroke. As the major component of the brain, glial cells play an important role in normal brain development and pathological injury processes. Multiple connections exist in the pathophysiological changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and glia cell activation. Astrocytes and microglia are rapidly activated after stroke, generating large amounts of ROS via mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase pathways, causing oxidative damage to the glial cells themselves and neurons. Meanwhile, ROS cause alterations in glial cell morphology and function, and mediate their role in pathological processes, such as neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and blood-brain barrier damage. In contrast, glial cells protect the Central Nervous System (CNS) from oxidative damage by synthesizing antioxidants and regulating the Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, among others. Although numerous previous studies have focused on the immune function of glial cells, little attention has been paid to the role of glial cells in oxidative stress. In this paper, we discuss the adverse consequences of ROS production and oxidative-antioxidant imbalance after stroke. In addition, we further describe the biological role of glial cells in oxidative stress after stroke, and we describe potential therapeutic tools based on glia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luxi Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Zaixiang Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour from signalling to death, and deregulation of ROS production and ROS limitation pathways are common features of cancer cells. ROS also function to modulate the tumour environment, affecting the various stromal cells that provide metabolic support, a blood supply and immune responses to the tumour. Although it is clear that ROS play important roles during tumorigenesis, it has been difficult to reliably predict the effect of ROS modulating therapies. We now understand that the responses to ROS are highly complex and dependent on multiple factors, including the types, levels, localization and persistence of ROS, as well as the origin, environment and stage of the tumours themselves. This increasing understanding of the complexity of ROS in malignancies will be key to unlocking the potential of ROS-targeting therapies for cancer treatment.
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112
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Zhang D, Tu H, Hu W, Duan B, Zimmerman MC, Li YL. Hydrogen Peroxide Scavenging Restores N-Type Calcium Channels in Cardiac Vagal Postganglionic Neurons and Mitigates Myocardial Infarction-Evoked Ventricular Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:871852. [PMID: 35548411 PMCID: PMC9082497 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.871852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveWithdrawal of cardiac vagal activity is associated with ventricular arrhythmia-related high mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our recent study found that reduced cell excitability of cardiac vagal postganglionic (CVP) neurons is involved in cardiac vagal dysfunction and further exacerbates myocardial infarction (MI)-evoked ventricular arrhythmias and mortality in T2DM. However, the mechanisms responsible for T2DM-impaired cell excitability of CVP neurons remain unclear. This study tested if and how elevation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inactivates CVP neurons and contributes to cardiac vagal dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in T2DM.Methods and ResultsRat T2DM was induced by a high-fat diet plus streptozotocin injection. Local in vivo transfection of adenoviral catalase gene (Ad.CAT) successfully induced overexpression of catalase and subsequently reduced cytosolic H2O2 levels in CVP neurons in T2DM rats. Ad.CAT restored protein expression and ion currents of N-type Ca2+ channels and increased cell excitability of CVP neurons in T2DM. Ad.CAT normalized T2DM-impaired cardiac vagal activation, vagal control of ventricular function, and heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activity. Additionally, Ad.CAT not only reduced the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias, but also suppressed MI-evoked lethal ventricular arrhythmias such as VT/VF in T2DM.ConclusionsWe concluded that endogenous H2O2 elevation inhibited protein expression and activation of N-type Ca2+ channels and reduced cell excitability of CVP neurons, which further contributed to the withdrawal of cardiac vagal activity and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in T2DM. Our current study suggests that the H2O2-N-type Ca2+ channel signaling axis might be an effective therapeutic target to suppress ventricular arrhythmias in T2DM patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Matthew C. Zimmerman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Yu-Long Li
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in Vascular-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7906091. [PMID: 35419169 PMCID: PMC9001081 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7906091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the enhancement of oxidation and the decreased of related antioxidant enzymes activity under pathological conditions, resulting in relatively excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing cytotoxicity, which leads to tissue damage and is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and many other pathologies. As an important intracellular signaling molecule, ROS can regulate numerous physiological actions, such as vascular reactivity and neuronal function. According to several studies, the uncontrolled production of ROS is related to vascular injury. The growing evidence revealing how traditional risk factors translate into ROS and lead to vasculitis and other vascular diseases. In this review, we sought to mainly discuss the role of ROS and antioxidant mechanisms in vascular-related diseases, especially cardiovascular and common macrovascular diseases.
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Mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant MitoQ modulates angiogenesis and promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2022; 1786:147902. [PMID: 35381215 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary injuries, including vascular injury, cellular death, mitochondrial dysfunction, and vascular injury, have been considered as important causes of impaired functional recovery after SCI. Postinjury angiogenesis has been considered to be a potential strategy for SCI treatment. New-born vessels may play a key role in nerve regeneration, which indicates the importance of angiogenesis in nerve regeneration. Recent studies have revealed the crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and angiogenesis. As the main source of cellular ROS, mitochondria have been proven to be essential to the angiogenesis process. METHODS SCI was established in a T10 clip-compression animal model. Then, the animals received an intraperitoneal injection of MitoQ (1 mg/ml) on Days 0, 1, and 2 after surgery. The Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) score and footprint analysis (CatWalk analysis) were performed to evaluate functional recovery after SCI. Immunofluorescence assay (LEL-FITC/CD31/Iba-1/Neurofilament) was performed to evaluate angiogenesis, microglia activation and neural regeneration. RT-qPCR (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFA) was performed to evaluate angiogenesis-related factor in injured spinal cord. ATP production assay and western-blotting assay (Mfn-1 and Drp-1) were performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in the injured spinal cord. BV2 cells were used as in vitro cell models. After receiving TBHP or TBHP-MitoQ treatment, ELISA and immunofluorescence assays were used to evaluate the level of VEGFA secretion from BV2 cells. A coculture system of HUVECs and BV2 cells was established. Tube formation assays and immunofluorescence assays (CD31) were performed on HUVECs in a coculture system to evaluate angiogenesis promotion. ATP production assays were performed to evaluate mitochondrial function in BV2 cells. MitoSOX Red and DCFH-DA staining were performed to evaluate mitochondrial and cellular ROS. RESULTS In vitro MitoQ promoted the secretion of VEGFA from BV2 cells, which was verified through ELISA and immunofluorescence assays. The angiogenic promotion of MitoQ-treated BV2 cells was evaluated by tube formation and immunofluorescence assays (CD31) in a coculture system of BV2 cells and HUVECs. MitoQ inhibited cellular and mitochondrial-derived ROS in TBHP-treated BV2 cells. ATP production was increased in MitoQ-treated BV2 cells. To verify MitoQ's effect in vivo, a T10 clip-compression animal model was established successfully. MitoQ significantly promoted functional recovery, as shown by the BMS assay and gait analyser. The promotion of neural regeneration was identified through immunofluorescence assay of neurofilament. Immunofluorescence assay (LEL-FITC/CD31/Iba-1) and RT-qPCR (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFA) indicated that MitoQ could promote angiogenesis and inhibit macrophage/microglia activation in lesion-site after SCI. Enhanced ATP production and increased Mfn-1 with decreased Drp-1 protein expression showed MitoQ could promote mitochondrial function in SCI. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial-specific antioxidant MitoQ promotes functional recovery and tissue preservation through the enhancement of angiogenesis with the modification of mitochondrial function after SCI.
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Deficiency of NARFL increases transcription of NADPH oxidases and ROS production impairing the function of endothelial cells. Life Sci 2022; 301:120567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Khalifa AA, El Sokkary NH, Elblehi SS, Diab MA, Ali MA. Potential cardioprotective effect of octreotide via NOXs mitigation, mitochondrial biogenesis and MAPK/Erk1/2/STAT3/NF-kβ pathway attenuation in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 925:174978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation by liraglutide promotes breast cancer through NOX4/ROS/VEGF pathway. Life Sci 2022; 294:120370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Meuren LM, Prestes EB, Papa MP, de Carvalho LRP, Mustafá YM, da Costa LS, Da Poian AT, Bozza MT, Arruda LB. Infection of Endothelial Cells by Dengue Virus Induces ROS Production by Different Sources Affecting Virus Replication, Cellular Activation, Death and Vascular Permeability. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810376. [PMID: 35185902 PMCID: PMC8847576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Exacerbated inflammatory response and altered vascular function are hallmarks of dengue disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been associated to endothelial barrier disturbance and microvascular alteration in distinct pathological conditions. Increased ROS has been reported in in vitro models of dengue virus (DENV) infection, but its impact for endothelial cell physiology had not been fully investigated. Our group had previously demonstrated that infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) with DENV results in the activation of RNA sensors and production of proinflammatory cytokines, which culminate in cell death and endothelial permeability. Here, we evaluated the role of mitochondrial function and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation for ROS generation in HBMEC infected by DENV and investigated whether altered cellular physiology could be a consequence of virus-induced oxidative stress. DENV-infected HBMECs showed a decrease in the maximal respiratory capacity and altered membrane potential, indicating functional mitochondrial alteration, what might be related to mtROS production. Indeed, mtROS was detected at later time points after infection. Specific inhibition of mtROS diminished virus replication, cell death, and endothelial permeability, but did not affect cytokine production. On the other hand, inhibition of NOX-associated ROS production decreased virus replication and cell death, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, and CCL5. These results demonstrated that DENV replication in endothelial cells induces ROS production by different pathways, which impacts biological functions that might be relevant for dengue pathogenesis. Those data also indicate oxidative stress events as relevant therapeutical targets to avoid vascular permeability, inflammation, and neuroinvasion during DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Monteiro Meuren
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisa Beatriz Prestes
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Premazzi Papa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Yasmin Mucunã Mustafá
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Silva da Costa
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carpi-Santos R, de Melo Reis RA, Gomes FCA, Calaza KC. Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040617. [PMID: 35453302 PMCID: PMC9027671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurovascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of vision loss in adults. Glial cells have a key role in maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. In the retina, the predominant element is the Müller cell, a specialized cell with radial morphology that spans all retinal layers and influences the function of the entire retinal circuitry. Müller cells provide metabolic support, regulation of extracellular composition, synaptic activity control, structural organization of the blood–retina barrier, antioxidant activity, and trophic support, among other roles. Therefore, impairments of Müller actions lead to retinal malfunctions. Accordingly, increasing evidence indicates that Müller cells are affected in diabetic retinopathy and may contribute to the severity of the disease. Here, we will survey recently described alterations in Müller cell functions and cellular events that contribute to diabetic retinopathy, especially related to oxidative stress and inflammation. This review sheds light on Müller cells as potential therapeutic targets of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Carpi-Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Ricardo A. de Melo Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Carvalho Alcantara Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (R.C.-S.); (F.C.A.G.)
| | - Karin C. Calaza
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Neurobiologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24210-201, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Duarte SS, Silva DKF, Lisboa TMH, Gouveia RG, de Andrade CCN, de Sousa VM, Ferreira RC, de Moura RO, Gomes JNS, da Silva PM, de Lourdes Assunção Araújo de Azevedo F, Keesen TSL, Gonçalves JCR, Batista LM, Sobral MV. Apoptotic and antioxidant effects in HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma cells by a spiro-acridine compound, AMTAC-06. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:545-554. [PMID: 35297003 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acridine compounds have been described as promising anticancer agents. Previous studies showed that (E)-1'-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-06), a spiro-acridine compound, has antitumor activity on Ehrlich tumor and low toxicity. Herein, we investigated its antitumor effect against human cells in vitro. METHODS MTT assay was used to assess cytotoxicity of AMTAC-06 (3.125-200 µM) against tumor and non-tumor cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated. The effects on the cell cycle (propidium iodide-PI-staining), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining by flow cytometry), and production of reactive oxygen species, ROS (DCFH assay) were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was achieved using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-test. RESULTS AMTAC-06 showed higher cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma HCT-116 cells (IC50: 12.62 µM). The SI showed that AMTAC-06 was more selective for HCT-116 cells (HaCaT SI: 1.41; PBMC SI: 0.62) than doxorubicin (HaCaT SI: 0.10; PBMC SI: 0.01). AMTAC-06 (15 and 30 µM) induced an increase in the sub-G1 peak (p < 0.000001) and cell cycle arrest in S phase (p = 0.003547). Moreover, treatment with this compound (15 and 30 µM) resulted in increased early (p < 0.000001) and late apoptotic cells (p < 0.000001). In addition, there was a reduction on ROS production (p < 0.000001). CONCLUSIONS AMTAC-06 presents anticancer activity against HCT-116 cells by regulating the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and an antioxidant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sâmia Sousa Duarte
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Daiana Karla Frade Silva
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mangeon Honorato Lisboa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rawny Galdino Gouveia
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Valgrícia Matias de Sousa
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Rafael Carlos Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Joilly Nilce Santana Gomes
- Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Patricia Mirella da Silva
- Invertebrate Immunology and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana S L Keesen
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Oncofarmacologia (Oncofar), Instituto de Pesquisa em Fármacos e Medicamentos (IPeFarM). Cidade Universitária, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species in Atherosclerosis via Chinese Herbal Medicines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1852330. [PMID: 35047104 PMCID: PMC8763505 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1852330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) has become the leading cause of human mortality with the coming acceleration of global population aging. Atherosclerosis is among the most common pathological changes in CCVDs. It is also a multifactorial disorder; oxidative stress caused by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has become an important mechanism of atherosclerosis. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a major type of natural medicine that has made great contributions to human health. CHMs are increasingly used in the auxiliary clinical treatment of atherosclerosis. Although their mechanism of action is unclear, CHMs can exert a variety of antiatherosclerosis effects by regulating intracellular ROS. In this review, we discussed the mechanism of ROS regulation in atherosclerosis and analyzed the role of CHMs in the treatment of atherosclerosis via ROS.
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Wikramanayake TC, Chéret J, Sevilla A, Birch-Machin M, Paus R. Targeting mitochondria in dermatological therapy: Beyond oxidative damage and skin aging. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:233-259. [PMID: 35249436 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2049756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The analysis of the role of the mitochondria in oxidative damage and skin aging is a significant aspect of dermatological research. Mitochondria generate most reactive oxygen species (ROS); however, excessive ROS are cytotoxic and DNA-damaging and promote (photo-)aging. ROS also possesses key physiological and regulatory functions and mitochondrial dysfunction is prominent in several skin diseases including skin cancers. Although many standard dermatotherapeutics modulate mitochondrial function, dermatological therapy rarely targets the mitochondria. Accordingly, there is a rationale for "mitochondrial dermatology"-based approaches to be applied to therapeutic research. AREAS COVERED This paper examines the functions of mitochondria in cutaneous physiology beyond energy (ATP) and ROS production. Keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal barrier maintenance, appendage morphogenesis and homeostasis, photoaging and skin cancer are considered. Based on related PubMed search results, the paper evaluates thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, Vitamin D3 derivatives, retinoids, cannabinoid receptor agonists, PPARγ agonists, thyrotropin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone as instructive lead compounds. Moreover, the mitochondrial protein MPZL3 as a promising new drug target for future "mitochondrial dermatology" is highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Future dermatological therapeutic research should have a mitochondrial medicine emphasis. Focusing on selected lead agents, protein targets, in silico drug design, and model diseases will fertilize a mito-centric approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Alec Sevilla
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - Mark Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, and The UK National Innovation Centre for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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Liu J, Sun Q, Sun M, Lin L, Ren X, Li T, Xu Q, Sun Z, Duan J. Melatonin alleviates PM 2.5-triggered macrophage M1 polarization and atherosclerosis via regulating NOX2-mediated oxidative stress homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 181:166-179. [PMID: 35149217 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is reported that oxidative stress homeostasis was involved in PM2.5-induced foam cell formation and progression of atherosclerosis, but the exact molecular mechanism is still unclear. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant that could reverse the cardiopulmonary injury. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the latent mechanism of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis development and the protective role of melatonin administration. Vascular Doppler ultrasound showed that PM2.5 exposure reduced aortic elasticity in ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, blood biochemical and pathological analysis demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure caused dyslipidemia, elicited oxidative damage of aorta and was accompanied by an increase in atherosclerotic plaque area; while the melatonin administration could effectively alleviate PM2.5-induced macrophage M1 polarization and atherosclerosis in mice. Further investigation verified that NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and mitochondria are two prominent sources of PM2.5-induced ROS production in vascular macrophages. Whereas, the combined use of two ROS-specific inhibitors and adopted with melatonin markedly rescued PM2.5-triggered macrophage M1 polarization and foam cell formation by inhibiting NOX2-mediated crosstalk of Keap1/Nrf2/NF-κB and TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathways. Our results demonstrated that NOX2-mediated oxidative stress homeostasis is critical for PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis and melatonin might be a potential treatment for air pollution-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaoke Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities for Electrophysiology, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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Ding K, Shen P, Xie Z, Wang L, Dang X. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of two peptides with the same composition and different distribution. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109243. [PMID: 34768011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans can cause local or systemic diseases when host immune status is disrupted. Drug resistance to C. albicans highlights the necessity of novel antifungal drugs. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit potential as antifungal drugs. PAF26 was found to exhibit favorable activity against plant pathogenic fungi. However, it showed low antifungal activity against C. albicans. Here, P255 and P256 with the same composition and different distribution were derived from PAF26. P256 exhibited higher antifungal activity against C. albicans than did P255 and PAF26. P256 and P255 exhibited synergism when combined with amphotericin B (AMB). Both peptides reduced cell wall integrity, rapidly increased membrane permeability, disrupted cell morphology and intracellular alterations. The peptides affected the expression of fungal DNA replication and repair, cell wall synthesis and ergosterol synthesis genes. They increased cellular reactive oxygen species production and bound with fungal genomic DNA. Antibiofilm activities were observed when peptide alone or combined with AMB. Finally, these peptides protected 70% of Galleria mellonella from infection-caused death. Insects treated with peptides exhibited fewer infection foci compared with the untreatment. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of the peptides, particularly P256 with clear amphipathicity, in the development of therapies for C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Panpan Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Lifang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangli Dang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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de Abrantes RA, Batista TM, Mangueira VM, de Sousa TKG, Ferreira RC, Moura APG, Abreu LS, Alves AF, Velozo ES, Batista LM, da Silva MS, Tavares JF, Sobral MV. Antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of Tonantzitlolone B, an uncommon diterpene from Stillingia loranthacea. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:267-274. [PMID: 34854946 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have played a pivotal role for the discovery of anticancer drugs. Tonantzitlolones are flexibilan-type diterpenes rare in nature; therefore, few reports have shown antiviral and cytotoxic activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo antitumor action of Tonantzitlolone B (TNZ-B) and its toxicity. Toxicity was evaluated in mice (acute and micronucleus assays). Antitumor activity of TNZ-B (1.5 or 3 mg/kg intraperitoneally - i.p.) was assessed in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma model. Angiogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were also investigated, in addition to toxicological effects after 7-day treatment. The LD50 (lethal dose 50%) was estimated at around 25 mg/kg (i.p.), and no genotoxicity was recorded. TNZ-B reduced the Ehrlich tumor's volume and total viable cancer cell count (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, TNZ-B reduced peritumoral microvessel density (p < 0.01), suggesting antiangiogenic action. Moreover, a decrease was observed on ROS (p < 0.05) and nitric oxide (p < 0.001) levels. No significant clinical findings were observed in the analysis of biochemical, hematological, and histological (liver and kidney) parameters. In conclusion, TNZ-B exerts antitumor and antiangiogenic effects by reducing ROS and NO levels and has weak in vivo dose-repeated toxicity. These data contribute to elucidate the antitumor action of TNZ-B and point the way for further studies with this natural compound as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata A de Abrantes
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatianne M Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Vivianne M Mangueira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Tatyanna K G de Sousa
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Ferreira
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula G Moura
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Abreu
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Eudes S Velozo
- Research Laboratory in Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leônia M Batista
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S da Silva
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marianna V Sobral
- Post Graduation Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescent sensing platform for oxygen metabolism based on bioactive magnetic beads. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tian Y, Duan J, Cao Y, Zhou H, Diwan AD, Tu J. Bardoxolone Methyl Ameliorates Compression-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage of Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Ex Vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:814040. [PMID: 35178384 PMCID: PMC8843873 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.814040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main cause of low back pain, and little is known about its molecular and pathological mechanisms. According to reports, excessive compression is a high-risk factor for IDD; compressive stress can induce oxidative stress in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells during IDD progression that, in turn, promotes cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Currently, NP tissue engineering is considered a potential method for IDD treatment. However, after transplantation, NP cells may experience oxidative stress and induce apoptosis and ECM degradation due to compressive stress. Therefore, the development of strategies to protect NP cells under excessive compressive stress, including pretreatment of NP cells with antioxidants, has important clinical significance. Among the various antioxidants, bardoxolone methyl (BARD) is used to protect NP cells from damage caused by compressive stress. Our results showed that BARD can protect the viability of NP cells under compression. BARD inhibits compression-induced oxidative stress in NP cells by reducing compression-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. Thus, BARD has a protective effect on the compression-induced apoptosis of NP cells. This is also supported by changes in the expression levels of proteins related to the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. In addition, BARD can inhibit ECM catabolism and promote ECM anabolism in NP cells. Finally, the experimental results of the mechanism show that the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway participates in the protection induced by BARD in compressed NP cells. Therefore, to improve the viability and biological functions of NP cells under compression, BARD should be used during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Tian
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huichao Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ashish D Diwan
- Spine Labs, St.George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St.George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ji Tu,
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Nour-Eldine W, Sayyed K, Harhous Z, Dagher-Hamalian C, Mehanna S, Achkouti D, ElKazzaz H, Khnayzer RS, Kobeissy F, Khalil C, Abi-Gerges A. Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1178-1191. [PMID: 35001415 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gasoline exposure has been widely reported in the literature as being toxic to human health. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms triggered by its inhalation have not been thoroughly investigated. We herein present a model of sub-chronic, static gasoline vapor inhalation in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Animals were exposed daily to either gasoline vapors (0.86 g/animal/90 minutes) or ambient air for five days/week over seven consecutive weeks. At the end of the study period, toxic and molecular mechanisms, underlying the inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects triggered by gasoline vapors, were examined in the lungs and liver of gasoline exposed mice. Static gasoline exposure induced a significant increase (+21 %) in lungs/body weight ratio in gasoline-exposed (GE) versus control (CON) mice along with a pulmonary inflammation attested by histological staining. The latter was consistent with increases in the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukins (ILs) 4 and 6], respectively by ~ 6-, 4-fold in the lungs of GE mice compared to CON. Interestingly, IL-10 expression was also increased by ~ 10-fold in the lungs of GE mice suggesting an attempt to counterbalance the established inflammation. Moreover, the pulmonary expression of IL-12 and TNF-α was downregulated by 2- and 4-fold, respectively, suggesting the skewing toward Th2 phenotype. Additionally, GE mice showed a significant upregulation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspases 3, 8 and 9 with no change in JNK expression in the lungs, suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Static gasoline exposure over seven consecutive weeks had a minor hepatic portal inflammation attested by H&E staining along with an increase in the hepatic expression of the mitochondrial complexes in GE mice. Therefore, tissue damage biomarkers highlight the health risks associated with vapor exposure and may present potential therapeutic targets for recovery from gasoline intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Katia Sayyed
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Harhous
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Donna Achkouti
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hanan ElKazzaz
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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129
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Tang W, Guo ZD, Chai WN, Du DL, Yang XM, Cao L, Chen H, Zhou C, Cheng CJ, Sun XC, Huang ZJ, Zhong JJ. Downregulation of miR-491-5p promotes neovascularization after traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:577-586. [PMID: 34380897 PMCID: PMC8504397 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.314326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-491-5p (miR-491-5p) plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and migration; however, the effect of miR-491-5p on neovascularization after traumatic brain injury remains poorly understood. In this study, a controlled cortical injury model in C57BL/6 mice and an oxygen-glucose deprivation model in microvascular endothelial cells derived from mouse brain were established to simulate traumatic brain injury in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In the in vivo model, quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression of miR-491-5p increased or decreased following the intracerebroventricular injection of an miR-491-5p agomir or antagomir, respectively, and the expression of miR-491-5p decreased slightly after traumatic brain injury. To detect the neuroprotective effects of miR-491-p, neurological severity scores, Morris water maze test, laser speckle techniques, and immunofluorescence staining were assessed, and the results revealed that miR-491-5p downregulation alleviated neurological dysfunction, promoted the recovery of regional cerebral blood flow, increased the number of lectin-stained microvessels, and increased the survival of neurons after traumatic brain injury. During the in vitro experiments, the potential mechanism of miR-491-5p on neovascularization was explored through quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction, which showed that miR-491-5p expression increased or decreased in brain microvascular endothelial cells after transfection with an miR-491-5p mimic or inhibitor, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter and western blot assays verified that metallothionein-2 was a target gene for miR-491-5p. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, and 2?,7?-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay results confirmed that the downregulation of miR-491-5p increased brain microvascular endothelial cell viability, reduced cell apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative stress under oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions. Cell scratch assay, Transwell assay, tube formation assay, and western blot assay results demonstrated that miR-491-5p downregulation promoted the migration, proliferation, and tube formation of brain microvascular endothelial cells through a metallothionein-2-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. These findings confirmed that miR-491-5p downregulation promotes neovascularization, restores cerebral blood flow, and improves the recovery of neurological function after traumatic brain injury. The mechanism may be mediated through a metallothionein-2-dependent hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway and the alleviation of oxidative stress. All procedures were approved by Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval No. 2020-304) on June 22, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zong-Duo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Na Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Lin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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130
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Tanabe S, O’Brien J, Tollefsen KE, Kim Y, Chauhan V, Yauk C, Huliganga E, Rudel RA, Kay JE, Helm JS, Beaton D, Filipovska J, Sovadinova I, Garcia-Reyero N, Mally A, Poulsen SS, Delrue N, Fritsche E, Luettich K, La Rocca C, Yepiskoposyan H, Klose J, Danielsen PH, Esterhuizen M, Jacobsen NR, Vogel U, Gant TW, Choi I, FitzGerald R. Reactive Oxygen Species in the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework: Toward Creation of Harmonized Consensus Key Events. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:887135. [PMID: 35875696 PMCID: PMC9298159 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.887135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are formed as a result of natural cellular processes, intracellular signaling, or as adverse responses associated with diseases or exposure to oxidizing chemical and non-chemical stressors. The action of ROS and RNS, collectively referred to as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), has recently become highly relevant in a number of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) that capture, organize, evaluate and portray causal relationships pertinent to adversity or disease progression. RONS can potentially act as a key event (KE) in the cascade of responses leading to an adverse outcome (AO) within such AOPs, but are also known to modulate responses of events along the AOP continuum without being an AOP event itself. A substantial discussion has therefore been undertaken in a series of workshops named "Mystery or ROS" to elucidate the role of RONS in disease and adverse effects associated with exposure to stressors such as nanoparticles, chemical, and ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. This review introduces the background for RONS production, reflects on the direct and indirect effects of RONS, addresses the diversity of terminology used in different fields of research, and provides guidance for developing a harmonized approach for defining a common event terminology within the AOP developer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihori Tanabe
- Division of Risk Assessment, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shihori Tanabe,
| | - Jason O’Brien
- Wildlife Toxicology Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Youngjun Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iva Sovadinova
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Garcia-Reyero
- U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, United States
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Delrue
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- Group of Alternative Method Development for Environmental Toxicity Testing, IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia La Rocca
- Center for Gender-specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products SA, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - Jördis Klose
- Group of Alternative Method Development for Environmental Toxicity Testing, IUF—Leibniz-Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Maranda Esterhuizen
- University of Helsinki, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Lahti, Finland, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timothy W. Gant
- UK Health Security Agency, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany
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131
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Mone P, Morgante M, Pansini A, Jankauskas SS, Rizzo M, Lombardi A, Frullone S, Santulli G. Effects of insulin resistance on mitochondrial (dys)function. Atherosclerosis 2022; 341:52-54. [PMID: 34903382 PMCID: PMC8943707 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Corresponding author. Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology – Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute for Aging Research, Einstein/Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA., , (P. Mone)
| | | | | | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology – Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute for Aging Research, Einstein/Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Mario Rizzo
- University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaetano Santulli
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology – Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute for Aging Research, Einstein/Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University Naples, Naples, Italy
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132
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Yoshida Y, Shimizu I, Minamino T. Capillaries as a Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:971-988. [PMID: 35370224 PMCID: PMC9252615 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of heart failure remains poor, and it is urgent to find new therapies for this critical condition. Oxygen and metabolites are delivered through capillaries; therefore, they have critical roles in the maintenance of cardiac function. With aging or age-related disorders, capillary density is reduced in the heart, and the mechanisms involved in these processes were reported to suppress capillarization in this organ. Studies with rodents showed capillary rarefaction has causal roles for promoting pathologies in failing hearts. Drugs used as first-line therapies for heart failure were also shown to enhance the capillary network in the heart. Recently, the approach with senolysis is attracting enthusiasm in aging research. Genetic or pharmacological approaches concluded that the specific depletion of senescent cells, senolysis, led to reverse aging phenotype. Reagents mediating senolysis are described to be senolytics, and these compounds were shown to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction together with enhancement of capillarization in heart failure models. Studies indicate maintenance of the capillary network as critical for inhibition of pathologies in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMEDCREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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133
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NOX1 and NOX2: two enzymes that promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by melanoma conditioned media. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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134
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Shukuri M, Uchino M, Sakamaki T, Onoe S, Hosoi R, Todoroki K, Arano Y, Sakai T, Akizawa H, Inoue O. Ex vivo imaging and analysis of ROS generation correlated with microglial activation in rat model with acute neuroinflammation induced by intrastriatal injection of LPS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 584:101-106. [PMID: 34781201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, the major important regulators of neuroinflammation, are activated in response to excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged cells and resulting in elevated and sustained damages. However, the relationship between microglia and ROS-regulatory system in the early stages of neuroinflammation prior to the appearance of neuronal damages have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we analyzed the time-dependent changes in ROS generation during acute neuroinflammation in rats that were given an intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We evaluated the effects of minocycline, an anti-inflammatory antibiotic, and N,N'-dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a radical scavenger, to understand the correlation between activated microglia and ROS generation. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging using dihydroethidium (DHE) clearly demonstrated an increased ROS level in the infused side of striatum in the rats treated with LPS. The level of ROS was changed in time-dependent manner, and the highest level of ROS was observed on day 3 after the infusion of LPS. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that time-dependent changes in ROS generation were well correlated to the presence of activated microglia. The inhibition of microglial activation by minocycline remarkably reduced ROS levels in the LPS-injected striatum, which indicated that the increased ROS generation caused by LPS was induced by activated microglia. DMTU decreased ROS generation and resulted in remarkable inhibitory effect on microglial activation. This study demonstrated that ROS generation during acute neuroinflammation induced by LPS was considerably associated with microglial activation, in an intact rat brain. The results provides a basis for understanding the interaction of ROS-regulatory system and activated microglia during neuroinflammation underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shukuri
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Miyu Uchino
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sakamaki
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Satoru Onoe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Rie Hosoi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 1-7 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Department of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Sakai
- Hanwa Intelligent Medical Center, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, 3176 Fukaikitamachi, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8271, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Akizawa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Osamu Inoue
- Hanwa Intelligent Medical Center, Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, 3176 Fukaikitamachi, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8271, Japan.
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135
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Chung J, Huda MN, Shin Y, Han S, Akter S, Kang I, Ha J, Choe W, Choi TG, Kim SS. Correlation between Oxidative Stress and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413181. [PMID: 34947978 PMCID: PMC8707703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitates precancerous tumor development, even though increasing the level of ROS can promote metastasis. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an anti-tumorigenic role in the initial stages of cancer development but a pro-tumorigenic role in later stages that fosters cancer metastasis. TGF-β can regulate the production of ROS unambiguously or downregulate antioxidant systems. ROS can influence TGF-β signaling by enhancing its expression and activation. Thus, TGF-β signaling and ROS might significantly coordinate cellular processes that cancer cells employ to expedite their malignancy. In cancer cells, interplay between oxidative stress and TGF-β is critical for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Thus, both TGF-β and ROS can develop a robust relationship in cancer cells to augment their malignancy. This review focuses on the appropriate interpretation of this crosstalk between TGF-β and oxidative stress in cancer, exposing new potential approaches in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwook Chung
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
| | - Md Nazmul Huda
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UAMS Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences UAMS, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Yoonhwa Shin
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sunhee Han
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Salima Akter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Insug Kang
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.C.); (M.N.H.); (Y.S.); (S.H.); (I.K.); (J.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (T.G.C.); (S.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0287 (T.G.C.); +82-2-961-0524 (S.S.K.)
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136
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Caulerpin Mitigates Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammation via Formyl Peptide Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313154. [PMID: 34884957 PMCID: PMC8658387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel strategies to control Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated chronic inflammation is, at present, a considerable challenge. Here, we attempt to combat this issue by modulating the innate immune response, targeting formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), G-protein coupled receptors that play key roles in both the regulation and the resolution of the innate inflammatory response. Specifically, we investigated, in vitro, whether Caulerpin—a bis-indole alkaloid isolated from algae of the genus Caulerpa—could act as a molecular antagonist scaffold of FPRs. We showed that Caulerpin significantly reduces the immune response against Hp culture filtrate, by reverting the FPR2-related signaling cascade and thus counteracting the inflammatory reaction triggered by Hp peptide Hp(2–20). Our study suggests Caulerpin to be a promising therapeutic or adjuvant agent for the attenuation of inflammation triggered by Hp infection, as well as its related adverse clinical outcomes.
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137
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Velatooru LR, Abe RJ, Imanishi M, Gi YJ, Ko KA, Heo KS, Fujiwara K, Le NT, Kotla S. Disturbed flow-induced FAK K152 SUMOylation initiates the formation of pro-inflammation positive feedback loop by inducing reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:404-418. [PMID: 34619327 PMCID: PMC8664087 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation plays a crucial role in vascular diseases. In endothelial cells, FAK activation is involved in the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling and the progression of atherosclerosis. Disturbed flow (D-flow) induces endothelial activation and senescence, but the exact role of FAK in D-flow-induced endothelial activation and senescence remains unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of FAK SUMOylation in D-flow-induced endothelial activation and senescence. The results showed that D-flow induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via NADPH oxidase activation and activated a redox-sensitive kinase p90RSK, leading to FAK activation by upregulating FAK K152 SUMOylation and the subsequent Vav2 phosphorylation, which in turn formed a positive feedback loop by upregulating ROS production. This feedback loop played a crucial role in regulating endothelial activation and senescence. D-flow-induced endothelial activation and senescence were significantly inhibited by mutating a FAK SUMOylation site lysine152 to arginine. Collectively, we concluded that FAK K152 SUMOylation plays a key role in D-flow-induced endothelial activation and senescence by forming a positive feedback loop through ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka Reddy Velatooru
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Rei J Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Young Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung Ae Ko
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA.
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, Texas, USA.
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138
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Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Chiriacò M, Masi S, Virdis A, Taddei S. Microvascular Ageing Links Metabolic Disease to Age-Related Disorders: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Promoting Microvascular Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S78-S87. [PMID: 34840260 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Longer life span and increased prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable, inflammatory diseases fuel cardiovascular mortality. The microcirculation is central in the cross talk between ageing, inflammation, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by alteration in the microvascular endothelial function and wall structure, is described in an increasing number of chronic age-associated diseases, suggesting that it might be a marker of ageing superior to chronological age. The aim of this review is to thoroughly explore the connections between microvascular dysfunction, ageing, and metabolic disorders by detailing the major role played by inflammation and oxidative stress in their evolution. Older age, hypertension, nutrient abundance, and hyperglycemia concur in the induction of a persistent low-grade inflammatory response, defined as meta-inflammation or inflammageing. This increases the local generation of reactive oxygen species that further impairs endothelial function and amplifies the local inflammatory response. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many age-related diseases. The alterations of mitochondrial function promote irreversible modification in microvascular structure. The interest in the hypothesis of chronic inflammation at the center of the ageing process lies in its therapeutic implications. Inhibition of specific inflammatory pathways has been shown to lower the risk of many age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the whole architecture of the inflammatory response underpinning the ageing process and its impact on the burden of age-related diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Additional studies are needed to unravel the connection between these biological pathways and to address their therapeutic power in terms of cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy ; and
| | | | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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139
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Xanthohumol Induces ROS through NADPH Oxidase, Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9877170. [PMID: 34804373 PMCID: PMC8598356 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9877170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are either toxic in excess or essential for redox signalling at the physiological level, which is closely related to the site of generation. Xanthohumol (XN) is an important natural product of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and was reported to induce ROS in mitochondria. While in the present study, our data indicate that NADPH oxidase (NOX) is another site. In human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells, we first identified that cell proliferation was inhibited by XN without affecting viability, and this could be alleviated by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC); cell cycles were blocked at G1 phase, apoptosis was induced in a dose-dependent manner, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was upregulated. XN-induced ROS generation was detected by flow cytometry, which can be inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, a NOX inhibitor), while not by NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The involvement of NOX in XN-induced ROS generation was further evaluated: immunofluorescence assay indicated subunits assembled in the membrane, and gp91phox knockdown with siRNA decreased XN-induced ROS. Human red blood cells (with NOX, without mitochondria) were further selected as a cell model, and the XN-induced ROS and DPI inhibiting effects were found again. In conclusion, our results indicate that XN exhibits antiproliferation effects through ROS-related mechanisms, and NOX is a source of XN-induced ROS. As NOX-sourced ROS are critical for phagocytosis, our findings may contribute to the anti-infection and anti-inflammatory effect of XN.
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140
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Alam MS, Czajkowsky DM. SARS-CoV-2 infection and oxidative stress: Pathophysiological insight into thrombosis and therapeutic opportunities. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 63:44-57. [PMID: 34836751 PMCID: PMC8591899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to global health. Although the majority of COVID-19 patients exhibit mild-to-no symptoms, many patients develop severe disease and need immediate hospitalization, with most severe infections associated with a dysregulated immune response attributed to a cytokine storm. Epidemiological studies suggest that overall COVID-19 severity and morbidity correlate with underlying comorbidities, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and immunosuppressive conditions. Patients with such comorbidities exhibit elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress caused by an increased accumulation of angiotensin II and by activation of the NADPH oxidase pathway. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress coupled with the cytokine storm contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunopathogenesis by causing endotheliitis and endothelial cell dysfunction and by activating the blood clotting cascade that results in blood coagulation and microvascular thrombosis. In this review, we survey the mechanisms of how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces oxidative stress and the consequences of this stress on patient health. We further shed light on aspects of the host immunity that are crucial to prevent the disease during the early phase of infection. A better understanding of the disease pathophysiology as well as preventive measures aimed at lowering ROS levels may pave the way to mitigate SARS-CoV-2-induced complications and decrease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah Alam
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Daniel M Czajkowsky
- Bio-ID Centre, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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141
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Foo BJA, Eu JQ, Hirpara JL, Pervaiz S. Interplay between Mitochondrial Metabolism and Cellular Redox State Dictates Cancer Cell Survival. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1341604. [PMID: 34777681 PMCID: PMC8580634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), which drives myriad cellular processes. In addition to their role in maintaining bioenergetic homeostasis, changes in mitochondrial metabolism, permeability, and morphology are critical in cell fate decisions and determination. Notably, mitochondrial respiration coupled with the passage of electrons through the electron transport chain (ETC) set up a potential source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While low to moderate increase in intracellular ROS serves as secondary messenger, an overwhelming increase as a result of either increased production and/or deficient antioxidant defenses is detrimental to biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Since ROS and mitochondria both regulate cell fate, attention has been drawn to their involvement in the various processes of carcinogenesis. To that end, the link between a prooxidant milieu and cell survival and proliferation as well as a switch to mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with recalcitrant cancers provide testimony for the remarkable metabolic plasticity as an important hallmark of cancers. In this review, the regulation of cell redox status by mitochondrial metabolism and its implications for cancer cell fate will be discussed followed by the significance of mitochondria-targeted therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Joy-Anne Foo
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Qing Eu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Medicine Healthy Longevity Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Program, NUS Graduate School, NUS, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculté de Médicine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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142
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Brown LE, Reyes G, Albrecht EA. Crotalus atrox venom-induced cellular toxicity: Early wound progression involves reactive oxygen species. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:852-863. [PMID: 34725845 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that produce cellular cytotoxicity is fundamental in the field of toxicology. Cytotoxic stimuli can include organic toxins such as hemorrhagic snake venom, which can lead to secondary complications such as the development of necrotic tissue and profuse scarring. These clinical manifestations mimic cytotoxic responses induce by other organic compounds such as organic acids. We used hemorrhagic snake venom and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) as a model system to better understand the cellular responses involved in venom induced cytotoxicity. Cells stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA) (western diamondback) venom for 4 or 10 h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. Results from 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCF-DA) assays determine CA venom stimulation induces a robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over a 3-h time course. In contrast, pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prior to CA venom stimulation significantly blunted H2 DCFDA fluorescence fold changes and showed greater cytoprotective effects than cells stimulated with CA venom alone. Pre- incubating HEK293T cells with the NADPH oxidase (NOX) pan-inhibitor VAS2870 prior venom stimulation significantly minimized the venom-induced oxidative burst at early timepoints (≤2 h). Collectively, our experiments show that pre-application of antioxidants reduces CA venom induce cellular toxicity. This result highlights the importance of ROS in the early stages of cytotoxicity and suggests muting ROS production in noxious injuries may increase positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Brown
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Giovanni Reyes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Albrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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143
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Wang JL, Zhang L, Gao LX, Chen JL, Zhou T, Liu Y, Jiang FL. A bright, red-emitting water-soluble BODIPY fluorophore as an alternative to the commercial Mito Tracker Red for high-resolution mitochondrial imaging. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:8639-8645. [PMID: 34585188 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence and rapid development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, monitoring of mitochondrial morphological changes has aroused great interest for exploring the role of mitochondria in the process of cell metabolism. However, in the absence of water-soluble, photostable and low-toxicity fluorescent dyes, ultra-high-resolution mitochondrial imaging is still challenging. Herein, we designed two fluorescent BODIPY dyes, namely Mito-BDP 630 and Mito-BDP 760, for mitochondrial imaging. The results proved that Mito-BDP 760 underwent aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in the aqueous matrix owing to its hydrophobicity and was inaccessible to the cells, which restricted its applications in mitochondrial imaging. In stark contrast, water-soluble Mito-BDP 630 readily penetrated cellular and mitochondrial membranes for mitochondrial imaging with high dye densities under wash-free conditions as driven by membrane potential. As a comparison, Mito Tracker Red presented high photobleaching (the fluorescence intensity dropped by nearly 50%) and high phototoxicity after irradiation by a laser for 30 min. However, Mito-BDP 630 possessed excellent biocompatibility, photostability and chemical stability. Furthermore, clear and bright mitochondria distribution in living HeLa cells after incubation with Mito-BDP 630 could be observed by CLSM. Convincingly, the morphology and cristae of mitochondria could be visualized using an ultra-high-resolution microscope. In short, Mito-BDP 630 provided a powerful and convenient tool for monitoring mitochondrial morphologies in living cells. Given the facile synthesis, photobleaching resistance and low phototoxicity of Mito-BDP 630, it is an alternative to the commercial Mito Tracker Red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Lin Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Lian-Xun Gao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Lei Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Te Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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144
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Zhou B, Chen Y, Yuan H, Wang T, Feng J, Li M, Liu J. NOX1/4 Inhibitor GKT-137831 Improves Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats by ROS Reduction and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Reconstitution. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1970-1983. [PMID: 34649814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress contributes to hyperglycemia-induced erectile dysfunction. A preferential direct inhibitor of NOX1 and NOX4, GKT-137831, exhibited a strong anti‑oxidative role via blockade of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in endothelial cells, but whether GKT-137831 could improve erectile function was not clear. AIM Our study was designed to investigate the effect of NOX1/4 inhibition on improving diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) in rats. METHODS We used streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in 32 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (8 weeks old). Eight weeks later, type 1 diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) in rats was confirmed using an apomorphine test. Our study consisted of 3 groups: (i) nondiabetic control group (n = 8), (ii) DMED + vehicle group (DMED group; n = 8), and (iii) DMED + GKT-137831 group (n = 9); GKT-137831 was given as a once-daily intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. Cavernous nerve electrostimulation was used to evaluate erectile function. Western blot, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to measure expression of specific proteins, and DHE fluorescent probe was performed to detect ROS level. OUTCOMES Intracavernous pressure (ICP), nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway, oxidative stress level, inflammatory response, corporal autophagy, and apoptosis were measured. RESULTS Erectile function in the DMED group was significantly impaired compared to the nondiabetic control group, whereas this impairment was improved with GKT-137831 treatment by 70%. Similarly, endothelial function and overactivated oxidative stress in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of the DMED + GKT-137831 group were improved. The DMED group showed serious inflammatory responses and excessive autophagy, which were inhibited by GKT-137831 treatment in the DMED + GKT-137831 group. CLINICAL TRANSLATION Our study showed improvement in erectile function with GKT-137831 in a diabetic rat ED model. STRENGTH AND LIMITATIONS This study suggested for the first time that GKT-137831, an NOX1/4 inhibitor undergoing clinical trials, is effective in improving erectile function in rats with type 1 DMED. However, we only investigated GKT-137831 treatment of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats, and therapeutic evidence in other types of diabetes is lacking. CONCLUSION GKT-137831 improves erectile function by 70% in type 1 DMED rats and constitutes a promising compound for the treatment of type 1 DMED, likely by inhibition of overactivated oxidative stress, down-regulation of proinflammatory factors, and amelioration of excessive autophagy and endothelial function. B Zhou, Y Chen, H Yuan, et al. NOX1/4 Inhibitor GKT-137831 Improves Erectile Function in Diabetic Rats by ROS Reduction and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Reconstitution. J Sex Med 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Zhou
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinwei Chen
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixing Yuan
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiexiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingchao Li
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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145
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Uniyal A, Tiwari V, Gadepalli A, Ummadisetty O, Tiwari V. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves chronic alcohol-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats by interfering with neuro-inflammatory, cell death and oxido-nitrosative cascade. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2141-2153. [PMID: 34386880 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption for a longer period of time is linked with neuronal damage and an increase in inflammatory signaling resulting in cell death and dementia. Natural compounds are the focus of research due to their high efficacy and good safety profile. Here we have investigated the effect of chronic epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) administration against the alcohol-induced cognitive deficit rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed to the 12% ethanol (10 g/kg; oral gavage) for ten weeks and treated with EGCG (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) for the same duration. Ethanol exposure led to the impaired spatial memory and learning in rats assessed using the Morris water maze and elevated plus-maze test. Further, we assessed the role of EGCG in mitigating the oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and cell death signaling associated markers. Co-administration with EGCG significantly prevented all the behavioral, biochemical and molecular alterations in the different brain regions of ethanol-treated rats in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG suppressed the acetylcholinesterase activity, increased oxidative-nitrosative stress, cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta), NF-kappa β and caspase-3 levels in both the cortex and hippocampus of ethanol-treated rats. Our preliminary study demonstrated that EGCG improves the oxido-nitrosative stress, inflammation, and cell death signaling associated with ethanol-induced cognitive dysfunction. This suggests the potential role of EGCG in mitigating the cognitive deficits associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Vineeta Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Anagha Gadepalli
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Obulapathi Ummadisetty
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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146
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Chen CS, Pan BY, Tsai PH, Chen FY, Yang WC, Shen MY. Kansuinine A Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Suppressing IKKβ/IκBα/NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910309. [PMID: 34638650 PMCID: PMC8508741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis is strongly associated with atherosclerosis progression. Herein, we aimed to examine whether Kansuinine A (KA), extracted from Euphorbia kansui L., prevents atherosclerosis development in a mouse model and inhibits cell apoptosis through oxidative stress reduction. Atherosclerosis development was analyzed in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) using Oil Red O staining and H&E staining. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were treated with KA, followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to investigate the KA-mediated inhibition of ROS-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Oil Red O staining and H&E staining showed that atherosclerotic lesion size was significantly smaller in the aortic arch of ApoE-/- mice in the HFD+KA group than that in the aortic arch of those in the HFD group. Further, KA (0.1-1.0 μM) blocked the H2O2-induced death of HAECs and ROS generation. The H2O2-mediated upregulation of phosphorylated IKKβ, phosphorylated IκBα, and phosphorylated NF-κB was suppressed by KA. KA also reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression, preventing H2O2-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis. Our results indicate that KA may protect against ROS-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and has considerable clinical potential in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Sheng Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Bo-Yi Pan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Ping-Hsuan Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Fang-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd., Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (B.-Y.P.); (P.-H.T.); (F.-Y.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366
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147
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Negri S, Faris P, Moccia F. Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Ca 2+ Signaling: Brothers in Arms or Partners in Crime? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189821. [PMID: 34575985 PMCID: PMC8465413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) controls virtually all endothelial cell functions and is, therefore, crucial to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. An aberrant elevation in endothelial can indeed lead to severe cardiovascular disorders. Likewise, moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce intracellular Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions, while excessive ROS production may exploit dysregulated Ca2+ dynamics to induce endothelial injury. Herein, we survey how ROS induce endothelial Ca2+ signals to regulate vascular functions and, vice versa, how aberrant ROS generation may exploit the Ca2+ handling machinery to promote endothelial dysfunction. ROS elicit endothelial Ca2+ signals by regulating inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2B, two-pore channels, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), and multiple isoforms of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. ROS-induced endothelial Ca2+ signals regulate endothelial permeability, angiogenesis, and generation of vasorelaxing mediators and can be exploited to induce therapeutic angiogenesis, rescue neurovascular coupling, and induce cancer regression. However, an increase in endothelial [Ca2+]i induced by aberrant ROS formation may result in endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and pulmonary artery hypertension. This information could pave the way to design alternative treatments to interfere with the life-threatening interconnection between endothelial ROS and Ca2+ signaling under multiple pathological conditions.
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148
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The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Thyroid Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091442. [PMID: 34573074 PMCID: PMC8465820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases and thyroid dysfunctions, are becoming a serious social problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The latter is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. There are many methods for determining the biomarkers of oxidative stress, making it possible to evaluate the oxidative profile in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the healthy population. This opens up a new perspective for investigating the role of elevated parameters of oxidative stress and damage in people with thyroid diseases, especially of neoplastic nature. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed at different stages and in different types of thyroid diseases. The organ, which is part of the endocrine system, uses free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) to produce hormones. Thyroid cells release enzymes that catalyse ROS generation; therefore, a key role is played by the internal defence system and non-enzymatic antioxidants that counteract excess ROS not utilised to produce thyroid hormones, acting as a buffer to neutralise free radicals and ensure whole-body homeostasis. An excess of free radicals causes structural cell damage, undermining genomic stability. Looking at the negative effects of ROS accumulation, oxidative stress appears to be implicated in both the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidation background of thyroid diseases and to summarise the links between redox imbalance and thyroid dysfunction and disease.
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149
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Zhao T, Wu W, Sui L, Huang Q, Nan Y, Liu J, Ai K. Reactive oxygen species-based nanomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries. Bioact Mater 2021; 7:47-72. [PMID: 34466716 PMCID: PMC8377441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interventional coronary reperfusion strategies are widely adopted to treat acute myocardial infarction, but morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction are still high. Reperfusion injuries are inevitable due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. However, many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are largely limited by pharmacokinetics and route of administration, such as short half-life, low stability, low bioavailability, and side effects for treatment myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective drugs and technologies to address this issue. Fortunately, nanotherapies have demonstrated great opportunities for treating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Compared with traditional drugs, nanodrugs can effectively increase the therapeutic effect and reduces side effects by improving pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties due to nanodrugs’ size, shape, and material characteristics. In this review, the biology of ROS and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury are discussed. Furthermore, we summarized the applications of ROS-based nanoparticles, highlighting the latest achievements of nanotechnology researches for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Researches of the myocardial infarction pathology and development of new treatments have very important scientific significance in the biomedical field. Many nanomaterials have shown amazing therapeutic effects to reduce myocardial damage by eliminating ROS. Nanomaterials effectively reduced myocardial damage through eliminating ROS from NOXs, M-ETC, M-Ca2+, M-mPTP, and RIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China.,Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China
| | - Lihua Sui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410087, China
| | - Yayun Nan
- Geriatric Medical Center, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, 750003, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Kelong Ai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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150
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Siques P, Pena E, Brito J, El Alam S. Oxidative Stress, Kinase Activation, and Inflammatory Pathways Involved in Effects on Smooth Muscle Cells During Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Under Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:690341. [PMID: 34434114 PMCID: PMC8381601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.690341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude exposure results in hypobaric hypoxia, which affects organisms by activating several mechanisms at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels and triggering the development of several pathologies. One such pathology is high-altitude pulmonary hypertension (HAPH), which is initiated through hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to distribute blood to more adequately ventilated areas of the lungs. Importantly, all layers of the pulmonary artery (adventitia, smooth muscle, and endothelium) contribute to or are involved in the development of HAPH. However, the principal action sites of HAPH are pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which interact with several extracellular and intracellular molecules and participate in mechanisms leading to proliferation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. This review summarizes the alterations in molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, kinase activation, and other processes that occur in PASMCs during pulmonary hypertension under hypobaric hypoxia and proposes updates to pharmacological treatments to mitigate the pathological changes in PASMCs under such conditions. In general, PASMCs exposed to hypobaric hypoxia undergo oxidative stress mediated by Nox4, inflammation mediated by increases in interleukin-6 levels and inflammatory cell infiltration, and activation of the protein kinase ERK1/2, which lead to the proliferation of PASMCs and contribute to the development of hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Siques
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pena
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Julio Brito
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
| | - Samia El Alam
- Institute of Health Studies, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile
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