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Castañeda-Cabral JL, Orozco-Suárez SA, Beas-Zárate C, Fajardo-Fregoso BF, Flores-Soto ME, Ureña-Guerrero ME. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 by SU5416 increases neonatally glutamate-induced neuronal damage in the cerebral motor cortex and hippocampus. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23315. [PMID: 36732937 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts neuroprotective or proinflammatory effects, depending on what VEGF forms (A-E), receptor types (VEGFR1-3), and intracellular signaling pathways are involved. Neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment triggers neuronal death by excitotoxicity, which is commonly involved in different neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of VEGFR-2 inhibition on neuronal damage triggered by excitotoxicity in the cerebral motor cortex (CMC) and hippocampus (Hp) after neonatal MSG treatment. MSG was administered at a dose of 4 g/kg of body weight (b.w.) subcutaneously on postnatal days (PD) 1, 3, 5, and 7, whereas the VEGFR-2 inhibitor SU5416 was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. subcutaneously on PD 5 and 7, 30 min before the MSG treatment. Neuronal damage was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, fluoro-Jade staining, and TUNEL assay. Additionally, western blot assays for some proteins of the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway (VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, PI3K, Akt, and iNOS) were carried out. All assays were performed on PD 6, 8, 10, and 14. Inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling by SU5416 increases the neuronal damage induced by neonatal MSG treatment in both the CMC and Hp. Moreover, neonatal MSG treatment increased the expression levels of the studied VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway proteins, particularly in the CMC. We conclude that VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway activation could be part of the neuroprotective mechanisms that attempt to compensate for neuronal damage induced by neonatal MSG treatment and possibly also in other conditions involving excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Sandra A Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Blanca F Fajardo-Fregoso
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario E Flores-Soto
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), IMSS, Guadalajara, México
| | - Mónica E Ureña-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, México
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102
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Li N, Gao M, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Li R, Jia M, Li W, Yang H. A sensitive double antibodies sandwich ELISA for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of cervical cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1315-1322. [PMID: 36435469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly specific factor for tumors growth. However, the study on the mechanism of VEGF in cervical cancer, and the correlation between the expression level of VEGF and the therapeutic evaluation, prognosis of cervical cancer is not clear till now. METHODS In this study, RT-qPCR and IHC were used to evaluate the abnormal expression of VEGF in cervical cancer. The survival plots of the VEGF expression related to OS were observed by using the KM plotter. The mAbs against VEGF were screened and identified by ELISA addicted test, indirect ELISA, Western-blot, and dot-ELISA. We designed and prepared the overlapping truncations (V1, V2, V3) of VEGF to identify the B cell epitopes. Then, the epitopes recognized by anti-VEGF mAbs were mapped and displayed on a 3D structure of VEGF by using the PyMOL software. The highly specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA was established to detect the total VEGF quantification in 206 clinical sera samples, thus to evaluate the changes of VEGF before and after chemoradiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. RESULTS The VEGF was high expressed in cervical cancer tissues and cells, resulting a poor prognosis of cervical cancer. The mAbs 2E5 and 6D9 were selected with the titer of 1:256000 and 1:128000 respectively. The mAbs both had strong ability to combine with VEGF protein within 15 min and were identified as subclass IgG1 with κ-type light chains. 2E5 bound to V1 and V2, recognizing the N-terminal (1-121 aa) of VEGF, however 6D9 bound to V3, recognizing the C-terminal (116-174 aa) of VEGF. The 206 clinical samples were tested with the established VEGF-DAS-ELISA and calculated according to the equation (y = 0.0042088× + 0.105109, R2 = 0.998). The results indicated that the expression levels of VEGF in cervical cancer samples were positively higher than those in normal samples. Importantly, we found the expression level of sera VEGF in cervical cancer patients decreased significantly after chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, the variable of VEGF levels in cervical cancer patients before and after treatment can be used as a new indicator of efficacy evaluation to guide the clinical treatment of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION A sensitive DAS-ELISA was established successfully, using which we can track the VEGF to evaluate the efficacy and estimate prognosis of cervical cancer. It is helpful for the diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation and prognosis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Mengna Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ruping Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Manman Jia
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Biological and Mechanical Factors and Epigenetic Regulation Involved in Tendon Healing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4387630. [PMID: 36655033 PMCID: PMC9842431 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4387630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are an important part of the musculoskeletal system. Connecting muscles to bones, tendons convert force into movement. Tendon injury can be acute or chronic. Noticeably, tendon healing requires a long time span and includes inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling processes. The mismatch between endogenous and exogenous healing may lead to adhesion causing further negative effects. Management of tendon injuries and complications such as subsequent adhesion formation are still challenges for clinicians. Due to numerous factors, tendon healing is a complex process. This review introduces the role of various biological and mechanical factors and epigenetic regulation processes involved in tendon healing.
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104
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Xu M, Chen X, Yu Z, Li X. Receptors that bind to PEDF and their therapeutic roles in retinal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1116136. [PMID: 37139333 PMCID: PMC10149954 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory diseases represented by diabetic retinopathy are the main types of blinding eye disorders that continually cause the increased burden worldwide. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous factor with multiple effects including neurotrophic activity, anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumorigenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. PEDF activity depends on the interaction with the proteins on the cell surface. At present, seven independent receptors, including adipose triglyceride lipase, laminin receptor, lipoprotein receptor-related protein, plexin domain-containing 1, plexin domain-containing 2, F1-ATP synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, have been demonstrated and confirmed to be high affinity receptors for PEDF. Understanding the interactions between PEDF and PEDF receptors, their roles in normal cellular metabolism and the response the initiate in disease will be accommodating for elucidating the ways in which inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurodegeneration exacerbate disease pathology. In this review, we firstly introduce PEDF receptors comprehensively, focusing particularly on their expression pattern, ligands, related diseases, and signal transduction pathways, respectively. We also discuss the interactive ways of PEDF and receptors to expand the prospective understanding of PEDF receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
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105
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Cao W, Zhang H, Zhou N, Zhou R, Zhang X, Yin J, Deng J, Ao X, Shi C. Functional recovery of myocardial infarction by specific EBP-PR1P peptides bridging injectable cardiac extracellular matrix and vascular endothelial growth factor. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 111:995-1005. [PMID: 36579729 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic factor and plays an important role in therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, how to retain regional concentration and decrease rapid diffusion is critical for its clinical application of VEGF. In recent years, the application of targeting peptides has been developed rapidly and provides new strategies for the sustained release of VEGF. In present study, a bi-functional EBP-PR1P peptide was designed and bridged VEGF to injectable cardiac extracellular matrix (c-ECM). Through EBP-PR1P peptides, VEGF could specifically bind with c-ECM to realize the sustained release, without impacting the bioactivity of VEGF. Then VEGF/EBP-PR1P/c-ECM scaffolds were constructed and administrated into rats with MI. The results showed VEGF/EBP-PR1P/c-ECM could promote angiogenesis, protect cardiomyocytes survival against apoptosis, and improve the recovery of cardiac function. In addition, the mechanism of EBP-PR1P/VEGF was also investigated which canonical downstream of VEGF-Akt signaling pathway was activated. These results showed specific VEGF/EBP-PR1P/c-ECM scaffolds served as promising delivery system for VEGF that facilitated the functional recovery of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Runxue Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunying Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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106
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Zarina KZ, Pilmane M. Expression of Markers Ki-67, Nestin, VEGF, CD34 and Apoptosis in Relatively Healthy Lung Tissue with Non-Changed and Metaplastic Bronchial Epithelium. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 11:medsci11010007. [PMID: 36649044 PMCID: PMC9844367 DOI: 10.3390/medsci11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the occurrence of processes such as proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in healthy lung tissues with different bronchial epitheliums is limited, and further exploration can contribute to a better understanding of the physiological renewal of lung tissues. The processes mentioned above occur with the help of important tissue factors; therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the expression of markers Ki-67, nestin, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG) and detect apoptotic cells in relatively healthy lung tissue. METHODS Samples of relatively healthy lung tissue were obtained from 19 patients and divided into groups of patients with non-changed and patients with metaplastic bronchial epithelium. Tissue samples were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ki-67, nestin, VEGF and CD34-positive cells were detected by the immunohistochemistry method. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was carried out to detect apoptotic cells. The number of positive structures was counted semi-quantitatively by microscopy. RESULTS Ki-67-positive cells were detected in only one case. An occasional to moderate number of nestin-positive structures was found in various tissues of relatively healthy lungs with different bronchial epitheliums. No apoptotic cells were seen in non-changed bronchial epithelium, compared with few apoptotic cells in metaplastic bronchial epithelium. Metaplastic bronchial epithelium contained more VEGF-positive cells than non-changed bronchial epithelium. Samples with non-changed, and metaplastic bronchial epithelium both contained a similar number of CD34-positive structures. CONCLUSIONS Proliferative activity and programmed cell death are not prominent events in normal lung tissue. A moderate number of nestin-positive cells in the alveolar epithelium and cartilage of bronchi with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium suggests a significant role of neuronal origin cells in these structures, to be intensified in metaplastic bronchial epithelium. A practically non-changed number of CD34-positive cells excludes any difference in stimulation of endothelial origin cells between lungs with different types of epithelium, while an increase in VEGF in structures with metaplastic epithelium suggests the presence/influence of tissue ischemia impact on possible development/maintenance of metaplasia.
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Rana Z, Rosengren RJ, Smith PF. Exploring the Mechanism and Suggesting Combination Therapies for HDAC Inhibitors in Androgen Receptor-Null Prostate Cancer Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Techniques. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221145428. [PMID: 36570326 PMCID: PMC9772946 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221145428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, N1-hydroxy-N 8-(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioamido)phenyl)octanediamide (Jazz90) and [chlorido(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(N1-hydroxy-N8-(4-(pyridine-2-carbothioamido-κ2 N, S)phenyl)octanediamide)rhodium(III)] chloride (Jazz167), have cytostatic and anti-angiogenic effects in androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells and are also non-toxic in BALB/c mice. However, only univariate statistical analysis was carried out to determine the role of individual proteins. In this study, multivariate statistical analyses (MVAs) and data mining procedures were carried out with the objective of determining the molecular networks that explain the growth inhibitory potential of Jazz90 and Jazz167 in PC3 cells and to determine potential inhibitors that can be used in combination with these HDAC inhibitors. Lasso regression revealed that angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), alongside HDAC inhibition, predicted the reduction in cell number with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.99 following Jazz90 treatment, whereas VEGFR-2, acetylation of histone-3, and HDAC inhibition predicted cell number with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.84 following Jazz167 treatment. These results were further followed up with ridge regression, hierarchical cluster analysis, random forest classification (RFC), and support vector machines. RFC and support vector machines also predicted the treatment groups with a 100% accuracy. MVAs also revealed that Jazz90 should be examined in combination with epithelial to mesenchymal transitioning inhibitors, such as simvastatin and olaparib, whereas Jazz167 should be examined with venetoclax or navitoclax. Future studies should also address the roles of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in cellular proliferation, whereas p27 function should be examined for its role in PC3 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul F Smith
- Paul F Smith, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.
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108
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Therapeutic Potential of VEGF-B in Coronary Heart Disease and Heart Failure: Dream or Vision? Cells 2022; 11:cells11244134. [PMID: 36552897 PMCID: PMC9776740 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death around the world. Based on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family members to regulate blood and lymphatic vessels and metabolic functions, several therapeutic approaches have been attempted during the last decade. However proangiogenic therapies based on classical VEGF-A have been disappointing. Therefore, it has become important to focus on other VEGFs such as VEGF-B, which is a novel member of the VEGF family. Recent studies have shown the very promising potential of the VEGF-B to treat CHD and heart failure. The aim of this review article is to present the role of VEGF-B in endothelial biology and as a potential therapeutic agent for CHD and heart failure. In addition, key differences between the VEGF-A and VEGF-B effects on endothelial functions are demonstrated.
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Ligusticum chuanxiong promotes the angiogenesis of preovulatory follicles (F1-F3) in late-phase laying hens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102430. [PMID: 36621100 PMCID: PMC9841292 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligusticum chuanxiong (CX) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is widely planted throughout the world. CX is one of the most important and commonly used drugs to enhance blood circulation. The preovulatory follicles in laying hens have a large number of blood arteries and meridians that feed the follicles' growth and maturation with nutrients, hormones, and cytokines. With the extension of laying time, preovulatory follicles angiogenesis decreased gradually. In this study, we studied the mechanism of CX on preovulatory follicles angiogenesis in late-phase laying hens. The results show that CX extract can increase the angiogenesis of preovulatory follicles (F1-F3) of late-phase laying hens. CX extract can promote vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation in preovulatory follicles theca layers, promote the proliferation, invasion and migration through PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK signaling pathways in primary follicle microvascular endothelial-like cells (FMECs). In addition, CX extract can up-regulate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF1α) in granulosa cells (GCs) and granulosa layers through PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK signaling pathways, thereby promoting the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). In conclusion, the current study confirmed the promoting effect of CX extract on the preovulatory follicles angiogenesis, which sets the stage for the design of functional animal feed for late-phase laying hens.
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The Dual Role of PDCD10 in Cancers: A Promising Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235986. [PMID: 36497468 PMCID: PMC9740655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) was initially considered as a protein associated with apoptosis. However, recent studies showed that PDCD10 is actually an adaptor protein. By interacting with multiple molecules, PDCD10 participates in various physiological processes, such as cell survival, migration, cell differentiation, vesicle trafficking, cellular senescence, neurovascular development, and gonadogenesis. Moreover, over the past few decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the aberrant expression or mutation of PDCD10 is extremely common in various pathological processes, especially in cancers. The dysfunction of PDCD10 has been strongly implicated in oncogenesis and tumor progression. However, the updated data seem to indicate that PDCD10 has a dual role (either pro- or anti-tumor effects) in various cancer types, depending on cell/tissue specificity with different cellular interactors. In this review, we aimed to summarize the knowledge of the dual role of PDCD10 in cancers with a special focus on its cellular function and potential molecular mechanism. With these efforts, we hoped to provide new insight into the future development and application of PDCD10 as a clinical therapeutic target in cancers.
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111
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Gao Y, Guo Z, Liu Y. Analysis of the potential molecular biology of triptolide in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31941. [PMID: 36482625 PMCID: PMC9726356 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of triptolide in diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment using network pharmacology. METHODS The main targets of triptolide were screened using the TCMSP, DrugBank, and NCBI databases, and gene targets of DN were searched using the DrugBank, DisGeNET, TTD, and OMIM databases. All of the above targets were normalized using the UniProt database to obtain the co-acting genes. The co-acting genes were uploaded to the STRING platform to build a protein-protein interaction network and screen the core acting targets. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analyses of the core targets were performed using Metascape. Molecular docking validation of triptolide with the co-acting genes was performed using the Swiss Dock platform. RESULTS We identified 76 potential target points for triptolide, 693 target points for DN-related diseases, and 24 co-acting genes. The main pathways and biological processes involved are lipids and atherosclerosis, IL-18 signaling pathway, TWEAK signaling pathway, response to oxidative stress, hematopoietic function, and negative regulation of cell differentiation. Both triptolide and the active site of the core target genes can form more than 2 hydrogen bonds, and the bond energy is less than -5kJ/mol. Bioinformatics analysis showed that triptolide had a regulatory effect on most of the core target genes that are aberrantly expressed in DKD. CONCLUSION Triptolide may regulate the body's response to cytokines, hormones, oxidative stress, and apoptosis signaling pathways in DN treatment by down-regulating Casp3, Casp8, PTEN, GSA3B and up-regulating ESR1, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhaoan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
- * Correspondence: Zhaoan Guo, Department of Nephrology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China (e-mail: )
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
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112
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Kastora SL, Eley J, Gannon M, Melvin R, Munro E, Makris SA. What Went Wrong with VEGF-A in Peripheral Arterial Disease? A Systematic Review and Biological Insights on Future Therapeutics. J Vasc Res 2022; 59:381-393. [PMID: 36380643 PMCID: PMC9808638 DOI: 10.1159/000527079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the 200 million patients worldwide affected by peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 4% will inevitably require major limb amputation. Previous systematic reviews presented a conflicting body of evidence in terms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family member effects upon PAD natural progression. Despite that, modulation of intrinsic angiogenesis mechanisms targeting the VEGF family members still confers an attractive therapeutic target. The aim of the present study was to evaluate current evidence of VEGF modulation in the context of PAD. METHODS This is a systematic literature review conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered under PROSPERO database [CRD42021285988]. Independent literature search was performed up to April 1, 2022, on six databases. A total of 22 eligible studies were identified [N: 3, interventional patient studies; N: 19, animal studies]. Animal studies were appraised by the SYRCLE risk of bias tool, while human participant studies were assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Overall, quality of evidence was deemed fair for both animal and human studies. Main study outcomes were percentage change of injured vessel lumen stenosis and neointimal area formation upon VEGF modulation (inhibition or activation) in comparison with control group. FINDINGS Nineteen animal models and three human participant studies were included in the systematic review and assessed separately. Positive modulation of VEGF-A in animal models resulted in a median decrease of 65.58% [95% CI 45.2; 71.87] in lumen stenosis [14 studies]. Furthermore, positive modulation of VEGF-A was found to reduce neointimal area proliferation by a median decrease of 63.41% [95% CI 41.6; 79.59] [14 studies]. Median end of study duration was 28 days [range: 14-84 days]. Data were insufficient to assess these outcomes with respect to VEGF-B or VEGF-C modulation. The limited number of available human studies presented inadequate outcome assessment despite their overall fair NOS grading. INTERPRETATION VEGF-A-positive modulation decreases lumen stenosis and neointimal hyperplasia in PAD simulation animal models. Previously identified variability among outcomes was found to strongly stem from the variability of experimental designs. Clinical applicability and safety profile of VEGF-A in the context of PAD remain to be defined by a robust and uniformly designed body of further animal model-based experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula L. Kastora
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK,*Stavroula L. Kastora,
| | - Jonathan Eley
- Department of General Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Martin Gannon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ross Melvin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Euan Munro
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
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Fidalgo MF, Fonseca CG, Caldas P, Raposo AA, Balboni T, Henao-Mišíková L, Grosso AR, Vasconcelos FF, Franco CA. Aerocyte specification and lung adaptation to breathing is dependent on alternative splicing changes. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201554. [PMID: 36220570 PMCID: PMC9554796 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to breathing is a critical step in lung function and it is crucial for organismal survival. Alveoli are the lung gas exchange units and their development, from late embryonic to early postnatal stages, requires feedbacks between multiple cell types. However, how the crosstalk between the alveolar cell types is modulated to anticipate lung adaptation to breathing is still unclear. Here, we uncovered a synchronous alternative splicing switch in multiple genes in the developing mouse lungs at the transition to birth, and we identified hnRNP A1, Cpeb4, and Elavl2/HuB as putative splicing regulators of this transition. Notably, we found that Vegfa switches from the Vegfa 164 isoform to the longer Vegfa 188 isoform exclusively in lung alveolar epithelial AT1 cells. Functional analysis revealed that VEGFA 188 (and not VEGFA 164) drives the specification of Car4-positive aerocytes, a subtype of alveolar endothelial cells specialized in gas exchanges. Our results reveal that the cell type-specific regulation of Vegfa alternative splicing just before birth modulates the epithelial-endothelial crosstalk in the developing alveoli to promote lung adaptation to breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta F Fidalgo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina G Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Caldas
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Asf Raposo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tania Balboni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lenka Henao-Mišíková
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana R Grosso
- Department of Life Sciences, UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisca F Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudio A Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal .,Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Medical School, Católica Biomedical Research Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhao L, Tang X, Huang R, Liu Q, Liao L, Hu Y, He K, Zhang X, Guo J, Chen S, Yang S. Acute hypoxia promotes the liver angiogenesis of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by HIF - Dependent pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:264-273. [PMID: 35940542 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 24-h hypoxia exposure experiment was conducted to determine how hypoxia exposure induce liver angiogenesis in largemouth bass. Nitrogen (N2) was pumped into water to exclude dissolved oxygen into 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L, and liver tissues were sampled during hypoxia exposure of 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and re-oxygenation for 12 h. Firstly, the results showed that hypoxia exposure promoted the angiogenesis occurrence by immunohistochemical analysis of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Secondly, the concentration of vasodilation factor increased and it's activity was elevated during 8 h exposure, such as nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (p < 0.05). Thirdly, hypoxia exposure promoted angiogenesis through up-regulation the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), jagged, protein kinase B (AKT), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at 4 h; contrarily, the expression of inhibiting angiogenesis genes presented up-regulated at 8 h (p < 0.05), such as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-2 (TIMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-3 (TIMP-3). Finally, the genes and proteins that regulate angiogenesis presented obvious chronological order. Parts of them promoted the budding and extension of blood vessels were up-regulated during 4 h-8 h (p < 0.05), such as vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGFA), VEGFR2, monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1), CD147, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB); other part of them promoted blood vessel maturation were highly expressed during 12 h-24 h (p < 0.05), such as angiogenin-1 (Ang-1) and angiogenin-2 (Ang-2). In short, acute hypoxia can promote the liver angiogenesis of largemouth bass by HIF - dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liulan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China; Fish Resources and Environment in the Lpper Reaches of the Yangtze River Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610011, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Lei Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Kuo He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shiyi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Song Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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115
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Wang X, Chen W, Lao W, Chen Y. Upregulation of PCED1B-AS1 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its involvement in retinal vascular endothelial cell proliferation. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 36418980 PMCID: PMC9685937 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to assess the diagnostic value of PCED1B-AS1 for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and investigate the involvement of PCED1B-AS1 in PDR. METHODS The vitreous and blood specimens from 37 subjects with PDR and 21 non-diabetics were examined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR to determine the PCED1B-AS1 level. The two groups were age- and gender-matched. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to visually illustrate the diagnostic ability of PCED1B-AS1. Human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by ELISA. Proliferation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were assessed in vitro. RESULTS Significant increases of PCED1B-AS1 levels were observed in the vitreous samples and CD34 + VEGFR-2 + cells from blood samples of diabetic subjects with PDR, compared with those of non-diabetics. The ROC curve based on the vitreous PCED1B-AS1 levels revealed an AUC of 0.812, while the ROC curve based on the PCED1B-AS1 levels in CD34 + VEGFR-2 + cells from blood samples revealed an AUC of 0.870. In Müller cell cultures, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA significantly attenuated VEGF and MCP-1 upregulation which were induced by CoCl2 and TNF-α. Additionally, PCED1B-AS1 siRNA attenuated VEGF-induced proliferation and migration in HRMECs. CONCLUSION This study revealed the potential of PCED1B-AS1 as a diagnostic biomarker for PDR. In vitro data point to the anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferation effects of PCED1B-AS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Wangling Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Wei Lao
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
| | - Yunxin Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 19 Xiuhua Road, 570311 Haikou, Hainan China
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Peng Z, Yang F, Huang S, Tang Y, Wan L. Targeting Vascular endothelial growth factor A with soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 ameliorates nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221094528. [PMID: 35354377 PMCID: PMC9706061 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221094528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a distressing medical condition with few effective treatments. The role of Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in inflammation pain has been confirmed in many researches. However, the mechanism of VEGFA affects neuropathic pain remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that VEGFA plays an important role in spare nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain, which is mediated by enhanced expression and colocalized of VEGFA, p-AKT and TRPV1 in SNI-induced neuropathic pain model. Soluble VEGFR1 (sFlt1) not only relieved mechanical hyperalgesia and the expression of inflammatory markers, but ameliorated the expression of VEGFA, VEGFR2, p-AKT, and TRPV1 in spinal cord. However, these effects of sFlt1 can be blocked by rpVEGFA and by 740 Y-P. Therefore, our study indication that targeting VEGFA with sFlt1 reduces neuropathic pain development via the AKT/TRPV1 pathway in SNI-induced nerve injury. This study elucidates a new therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Peng
- Department of Pain Medicine, The
State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.
China,Stem Cell Translational Medicine
Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, P. R. of China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The
State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.
China,Stem Cell Translational Medicine
Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, P. R. of China
| | - Siting Huang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The
State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.
China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The
State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.
China,Stem Cell Translational Medicine
Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, P. R. of China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The
State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital,
Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R.
China,Stem Cell Translational Medicine
Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou, P. R. of China,Li Wan, Department of Pain management, The
Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang Dong Lu,
Guangzhou 510260, P.R. China.
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Saoudi Gonzalez N, López D, Gómez D, Ros J, Baraibar I, Salva F, Tabernero J, Élez E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of approved monoclonal antibody therapy for colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:755-767. [PMID: 36582117 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2160316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The introduction of monoclonal antibodies to the chemotherapy backbone treatment has challenged the paradigm of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment. Their mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics are complex but important to understand in order to improve patient selection and treatment outcomes for mCRC population. AREAS COVERED This review examines the scientific data, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of approved monoclonal antibodies used to treat mCRC patients, including agents targeting signaling via VEGFR (bevacizumab and ramucirumab), EGFR (cetuximab and panitumumab), HER2/3 target therapy, and immunotherapy agents such as pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Efficacy and mechanism of action of bispecific antibodies are also covered. EXPERT OPINION mCRC is a heterogeneous disease and the optimal selection and sequence of treatments is challenging. Monoclonal antibodies have complex pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, with important interactions between them. The arrival of bioequivalent molecules to the market increases the need for the characterization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of classic monoclonal antibodies to reach bioequivalent novel molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Saoudi Gonzalez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel López
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Ros
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iosune Baraibar
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Salva
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Élez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vhio Barcelona, Spain
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Martins FF, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Brown adipose tissue as an endocrine organ: updates on the emerging role of batokines. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0044. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) remains active in adults, oxidizing fatty acids or glucose and releasing energy in the form of heat. Brown adipocytes and enhanced thermogenesis are targets for treating obesity and its comorbidities. BAT shows high synthesis activity and secretes several signaling molecules. The brown adipokines, or batokines, take action in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner. Batokines have a role in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, white adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and exert beneficial effects on BAT. The systemic function of batokines gives BAT an endocrine organ profile. Besides, the batokines Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 8, Neuregulin 4, Myostatin, and Interleukin-6 emerge as targets to treat obesity and its comorbidities, deserving attention. This review outlines the role of six emerging batokines on BAT and their cross-talk with other organs, focusing on their physiological significance and diet-induced changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Ferreira Martins
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases , Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Understanding, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213362. [PMID: 36359761 PMCID: PMC9655436 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the main cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with its pathogenesis still not completely elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DR and DME. Currently, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents remains as the first-line therapy in DME treatment due to the superior anatomic and functional outcomes. However, some patients do not respond satisfactorily to anti-VEGF injections. More than 30% patients still exist with persistent DME even after regular intravitreal injection for at least 4 injections within 24 weeks, suggesting other pathogenic factors, beyond VEGF, might contribute to the pathogenesis of DME. Recent advances showed nearly all the retinal cells are involved in DR and DME, including breakdown of blood-retinal barrier (BRB), drainage dysfunction of Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), involvement of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, all complicating the pathogenesis of DME. The profound understanding of the changes in proteomics and metabolomics helps improve the elucidation of the pathogenesis of DR and DME and leads to the identification of novel targets, biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies for DME treatment. The present review aimed to summarize the current understanding of DME, the involved molecular mechanisms, and the changes in proteomics and metabolomics, thus to propose the potential therapeutic recommendations for personalized treatment of DME.
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120
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Babkina AS, Yadgarov MY, Ostrova IV, Zakharchenko VE, Kuzovlev AN, Grechko AV, Lyubomudrov MA, Golubev AM. Serum Levels of VEGF-A and Its Receptors in Patients in Different Phases of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Strokes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4888-4901. [PMID: 36286047 PMCID: PMC9601157 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are important regulators of angiogenesis, neuroprotection, and neurogenesis. Studies have indicated the association of VEGF dysregulation with the development of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases. We studied the changes in serum levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in patients at various phases of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Quantitative assessment of VEGF-A, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in serum of patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke was performed by enzyme immunoassay in the hyper-acute (1−24 h from the onset), acute (up to 1−7 days), and early subacute (7 days to 3 months) phases of stroke, and then compared with the control group and each other. Results of our retrospective study demonstrated different levels of VEGF-A and its receptors at various phases of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. In ischemic stroke, increased VEGFR-2 level was found in the hyper-acute (p = 0.045) and acute phases (p = 0.024), while elevated VEGF-A and reduced VEGFR-1 levels were revealed in the early subacute phase (p = 0.048 and p = 0.012, respectively). In hemorrhagic stroke, no significant changes in levels of VEGF-A and its receptors were identified in the hyper-acute phase. In the acute and early subacute phases there was an increase in levels of VEGF-A (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively) and VEGFR-2 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Serum levels of VEGF-A and its receptors in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke indicate different pathogenic pathways depending on the phase of the disease.
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Cao Y, Sun C, Huo G, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang F, Liu S, Zhai S, Zhang X, Zhao H, Hu M, Gu W, Yang Y, Wang S, Liang C, Lyu J, Lu T, Wang Y, Xie L, Fan C. Novel hKDR mouse model depicts the antiangiogenesis and apoptosis-promoting effects of neutralizing antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:115-128. [PMID: 36114822 PMCID: PMC9807522 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/KDR plays a critical role in tumor growth, diffusion, and invasion. The amino acid sequence homology of KDR between mouse and human in the VEGF ligand-binding domain was low, thus the WT mice could not be used to evaluate Abs against human KDR, and the lack of a suitable mouse model hindered both basic research and drug developments. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we successfully inserted different fragments of the human KDR coding sequence into the chromosomal mouse Kdr exon 4 locus to obtain an hKDR humanized mouse that can be used to evaluate the marketed Ab ramucirumab. In addition, the humanized mAb VEGFR-HK19 was developed, and a series of comparative assays with ramucirumab as the benchmark revealed that VEGFR-HK19 has higher affinity and superior antiproliferation activity. Moreover, VEGFR-HK19 selectively inhibited tumor growth in the hKDR mouse model but not in WT mice. The most important binding epitopes of VEGFR2-HK19 are D257, L313, and T315, located in the VEGF binding region. Therefore, the VEGFR2-HK19 Ab inhibits tumor growth by blocking VEGF-induced angiogenesis, inflammation, and promoting apoptosis. To our best knowledge, this novel humanized KDR mouse fills the gaps both in an animal model and the suitable in vivo evaluation method for developing antiangiogenesis therapies in the future, and the newly established humanized Ab is expected to be a drug candidate possibly benefitting tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Chunyun Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina
| | - Guitao Huo
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Food and Drug Safety EvaluationNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina
| | - Yong Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina
| | - Susu Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Shijie Zhai
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Meiling Hu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina
| | - Wenda Gu
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Yanwei Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Food and Drug Safety EvaluationNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Sanlong Wang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Institute for Food and Drug Safety EvaluationNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Chunnan Liang
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Jianjun Lyu
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life SciencesBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product ControlNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and AntibodySinocelltech LtdBeijingChina,Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and DevelopmentSino Biological Inc.BeijingChina,Cell Culture Engineering CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, National Rodent Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Institute for Laboratory Animal ResourcesNational Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC)BeijingChina
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Liberski S, Wichrowska M, Kocięcki J. Aflibercept versus Faricimab in the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Diabetic Macular Edema: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169424. [PMID: 36012690 PMCID: PMC9409486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are common retinal vascular diseases responsible for most blindness in the working-age and older population in developed countries. Currently, anti-VEGF agents that block VEGF family ligands, including ranibizumab, bevacizumab (off-label use), brolucizumab, and aflibercept, are the first-line treatment for nAMD and DME. However, due to the complex pathophysiological background of nAMD and DME, non-response, resistance during anti-VEGF therapy, and relapses of the disease are still observed. Moreover, frequent injections are a psychological and economic burden for patients, leading to inadequate adhesion to therapy and a higher risk of complications. Therefore, therapeutic methods are strongly needed to develop and improve, allowing for more satisfactory disease management and lower treatment burden. Currently, the Ang/Tie-2 pathway is a promising therapeutic target for retinal vascular diseases. Faricimab is the first bispecific monoclonal antibody for intravitreal use that can neutralize VEGF and Ang-2. Due to the prolonged activity, faricimab allows extending the interval between successive injections up to three or four months in nAMD and DME patients, which can be a significant benefit for patients and an alternative to implanted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Liberski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-723-675-258
| | - Małgorzata Wichrowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kocięcki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Augustyna Szamarzewskiego 84, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
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123
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Pan YJ, Liu BW, Pei DS. The Role of Alternative Splicing in Cancer: Regulatory Mechanism, Therapeutic Strategy, and Bioinformatics Application. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:790-809. [PMID: 35947859 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[Formula: see text] Alternative splicing (AS) can generate distinct transcripts and subsequent isoforms that play differential functions from the same pre-mRNA. Recently, increasing numbers of studies have emerged, unmasking the association between AS and cancer. In this review, we arranged AS events that are closely related to cancer progression and presented promising treatments based on AS for cancer therapy. Obtaining proliferative capacity, acquiring invasive properties, gaining angiogenic features, shifting metabolic ability, and getting immune escape inclination are all splicing events involved in biological processes. Spliceosome-targeted and antisense oligonucleotide technologies are two novel strategies that are hopeful in tumor therapy. In addition, bioinformatics applications based on AS were summarized for better prediction and elucidation of regulatory routines mingled in. Together, we aimed to provide a better understanding of complicated AS events associated with cancer biology and reveal AS a promising target of cancer treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Abdelnaby EA, Yasin NAE, Abouelela YS, Rashad E, Daghash SM, El-Sherbiny HR. Ovarian, uterine, and luteal vascular perfusions during follicular and luteal phases in the adult cyclic female rabbits with special orientation to their histological detection of hormone receptor. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:301. [PMID: 35927671 PMCID: PMC9351104 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the does reproductive hemodynamic changes during the estrous cycle is crucial for improving reproductive competence and fertility potential in this species. The objective of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic variations in ovarian (OA) and uterine (UA) arteries, histological and morphometric changes in ovarian and uterine tissues throughout the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases in rabbits and determine estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) receptors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) distributions using immunohistochemistry. Fourteen adults pluriparous New Zealand rabbits were divided into rabbits at the FP (Day − 1; n = 7) and those at the LP (Day 9; n = 7). Animals were subjected to Doppler, hormonal (estrogen [E2], progesterone [P4], insulin-like growth factor [ILGF], and VEGF), histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. In LP, OA Doppler indices were significantly increased, whereas peak systolic velocity (PSV) was decreased compared with that in FP. UA Doppler indices were significantly decreased in the LP, whereas PSV was increased (P < 0.05). E2 levels were increased in the FP, whereas P4 levels were increased in the LP. The morphometric analysis of uterine tissues during the LP revealed an increase in the mean uterine endometrium length, endometrial connective tissue area percentage (%), endometrial glands number, myometrial area (%) and thickness. Furthermore, ovarian follicles and corpus luteum (CL) displayed strong positive immunoreactivity for ER, PR, and VEGF-A during both phases. The ovarian sections displayed a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in the area % of VEGF-A in the ovarian follicles during FP while in the CL during LP. Conversely, area percentage of VEGF-A immunoreactivity in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia during the FP and LP revealed no differences. However, the number of VEGF-A–stained blood capillaries revealed an increase during LP than FP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time the changes in both ovarian and uterine arteries during two different phases of the rabbit cycle in relation to the histo-morphometric analysis and distribution of ER, PR, and VEGF-A, which regulate uterine functions that play a role in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshymaa A Abdelnaby
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Noha A E Yasin
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yara S Abouelela
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samer M Daghash
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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125
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He W, Chen P, Chen Q, Cai Z, Zhang P. Cytokine storm: behind the scenes of the collateral circulation after acute myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1143-1158. [PMID: 35876879 PMCID: PMC9309601 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 17 million people die from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) every year, ranking it first among causes of death of human beings, and its incidence is gradually increasing. Typical characteristics of AMI include acute onset and poor prognosis. At present, there is no satisfactory treatment, but development of coronary collateral circulation (CCC) can be key to improving prognosis. Recent research indicates that the levels of cytokines, including those related to promoting inflammatory responses and angiogenesis, increase after the onset of AMI. In the early phase of AMI, cytokines play a vital role in inducing development of collateral circulation. However, when myocardial infarction is decompensated, cytokine secretion increases greatly, which may induce a cytokine storm and worsen prognosis. Cytokines can regulate the activation of a variety of signal pathways and form a complex network, which may promote or inhibit the establishment of collateral circulation. We searched for published articles in PubMed and Google Scholar, employing the keyword “acute myocardial infarction”, “coronary collateral circulation” and “cytokine storm”, to clarify the relationship between AMI and a cytokine storm, and how a cytokine storm affects the growth of collateral circulation after AMI, so as to explore treatment methods based on cytokine agents or inhibitors used to improve prognosis of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin He
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peixian Chen
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University/The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongtong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Novel artemisinin derivative FO8643 with anti-angiogenic activity inhibits growth and migration of cancer cells via VEGFR2 signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 930:175158. [PMID: 35878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) is widely recognized as a key effector in angiogenesis and cancer progression and has been considered a critical target for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives exert profound efficacy in treating not only malaria but also cancer. As a novel ARS-type compound, FO8643 caused significant suppression of the growth of a panel of cancer cells, including both solid and hematologic malignancies. In CCRF-CEM leukemia cells, FO8643 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation coupled with increased apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Additionally, FO8643 restrained cell migration in the 2D wound healing assay as well as in a 3D spheroid model of human hepatocellular carcinoma HUH-7 cells. Importantly, SwissTargetPrediction predicted VEGFR2 as an underlying target for FO8643. Molecular docking simulation further indicated that FO8643 forms hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions within the VEGFR2 kinase domain. Moreover, FO8643 directly inhibited VEGFR2 kinase activity and its downstream action including MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in HUH-7 cells. Encouragingly, FO8643 decreased angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. Collectively, FO8643 is a novel ARS-type compound exerting potential VEGFR2 inhibition. FO8643 may be a viable drug candidate in cancer therapy.
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Cancer-Associated Mutations of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Have Diverse Influences on Ligand Binding and Receptor Functions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154676. [PMID: 35897852 PMCID: PMC9331671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) is a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is an immune checkpoint in the tumor micro-environment and has become an emerging target for cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of cancer-patient-derived A2AAR mutations on ligand binding and receptor functions. The wild-type A2AAR and 15 mutants identified by Genomic Data Commons (GDC) in human cancers were expressed in HEK293T cells. Firstly, we found that the binding affinity for agonist NECA was decreased in six mutants but increased for the V275A mutant. Mutations A165V and A265V decreased the binding affinity for antagonist ZM241385. Secondly, we found that the potency of NECA (EC50) in an impedance-based cell-morphology assay was mostly correlated with the binding affinity for the different mutants. Moreover, S132L and H278N were found to shift the A2AAR towards the inactive state. Importantly, we found that ZM241385 could not inhibit the activation of V275A and P285L stimulated by NECA. Taken together, the cancer-associated mutations of A2AAR modulated ligand binding and receptor functions. This study provides fundamental insights into the structure–activity relationship of the A2AAR and provides insights for A2AAR-related personalized treatment in cancer.
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128
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Li Y, Ma T, Zhu X, Zhang M, Zhao L, Wang P, Liang J. Zinc improves neurological recovery by promoting angiogenesis via the astrocyte-mediated HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in experimental stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1790-1799. [PMID: 35855611 PMCID: PMC9532912 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability. Zinc accumulation has been shown to play a vital role in neuronal death and blood-brain barrier damage following ischemia in acute stage. However, almost nothing is known about whether zinc is involved in neurological recovery in ischemic prolonged period. This study investigates whether zinc promotes neurological recovery through astrocytes-induced angiogenesis during ischemic repair phase. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 h ischemia/14, 21, and 28 days reperfusion by middle cerebral artery occlusion, then administered ZnCl2 (10 mg/kg) via intraperitoneally daily from 7 days to tissue collection to observe brain tissue morphology, neurological function recovery by cortical width index, Adhesive removal test, and Forelimb placing test. Angiogenesis, astrocyte activation, and HIF-1α/VEGF pathway were assessed via Western blot, immunofluorescence, and BrdU method in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The results showed that zinc significantly alleviated brain atrophy and improved neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage. Zinc significantly increased the protein levels of HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and VEGF-R2 in astrocytes, and promoted angiogenesis during cerebral ischemia repair. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that zinc promoted angiogenesis via the astrocyte-mediated HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Zinc significantly improves neurological function recovery during the cerebral ischemia repair stage, providing new evidence supporting zinc as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke by promoting astrocyte induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Mingqi Zhang
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jia Liang
- Institution of Life Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases of Liaoning Province, Department of Neurobiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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129
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Li J, Li R, Wu X, Zheng C, Shiu PHT, Rangsinth P, Lee SMY, Leung GPH. An Update on the Potential Application of Herbal Medicine in Promoting Angiogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928817. [PMID: 35928282 PMCID: PMC9345329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vascular networks, plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The use of pro-angiogenic agents has been proposed as an attractive approach for promoting wound healing and treating vascular insufficiency-related problems, such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. Traditional herbal medicine has a long history; however, there is still a need for more in-depth studies and evidence-based confirmation from controlled and validated trials. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that herbal medicines and their bioactive ingredients exert pro-angiogenic activity. The most frequently studied pro-angiogenic phytochemicals include ginsenosides from Panax notoginseng, astragalosides and calycosin from Radix Astragali, salvianolic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza, paeoniflorin from Radix Paeoniae, ilexsaponin A1 from Ilex pubescens, ferulic acid from Angelica sinensis, and puerarin from Radix puerariae. This review summarizes the progress in research on these phytochemicals, particularly those related to pro-angiogenic mechanisms and applications in ischemic diseases, tissue repair, and wound healing. In addition, an outline of their limitations and challenges during drug development is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Renkai Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Polly Ho-Ting Shiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Panthakarn Rangsinth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa Macao SAR, China
| | - George Pak-Heng Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: George Pak-Heng Leung,
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130
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Saikia Q, Reeve H, Alzahrani A, Critchley WR, Zeqiraj E, Divan A, Harrison MA, Ponnambalam S. VEGFR endocytosis: Implications for angiogenesis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 194:109-139. [PMID: 36631189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) superfamily to VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFRs) and co-receptors regulates vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. A recurring theme is that dysfunction in VEGF signaling promotes pathological angiogenesis, an important feature of cancer and pro-inflammatory disease states. Endocytosis of basal (resting) or activated VEGFRs facilitates signal attenuation and endothelial quiescence. However, increasing evidence suggest that activated VEGFRs can continue to signal from intracellular compartments such as endosomes. In this chapter, we focus on the evolving link between VEGFR endocytosis, signaling and turnover and the implications for angiogenesis. There is much interest in how such understanding of VEGFR dynamics can be harnessed therapeutically for a wide range of human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queen Saikia
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Reeve
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Areej Alzahrani
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - William R Critchley
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Aysha Divan
- School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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131
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Zou J, Tan W, Li B, Wang Z, Li Y, Zeng J, Jiang B, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Interleukin-19 Promotes Retinal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:9. [PMID: 35816041 PMCID: PMC9284469 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.8.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of blindness. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IL-19 and the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods C57BL/6J wild-type mice and IL-19 knockout (KO) mice were used to establish an OIR mouse model. Bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) with or without recombinant IL-19 (rIL-19) stimulation were injected intravitreally. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mRNA expressions. ELISA and western blotting were performed to assess the protein levels. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to assess retinal neovascularization. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) stimulated with rIL-19 were cultured to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation and migration. Results The level of IL-19 was significantly elevated at postnatal day 17 in OIR retinas. Both the avascular areas and pathological neovascular tufts were significantly increased in rIL-19–treated OIR retinas and suppressed in IL-19 KO retinas. IL-19 KO mice suppressed expression of ARG1, VEGFA, and pSTAT3. Moreover, BMDMs stimulated by rIL-19 enhanced that expression and suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The proliferation and migration of HRECs were significantly augmented by rIL-19. In addition, intravitreal injection of BMDMs stimulated by rIL-19 enhanced retinal neovascularization. Conclusions These findings suggest that IL-19 enhances pathological neovascularization through a direct effect on microvascular endothelial cells and the promotion of M2 macrophage polarization. The inhibition of IL-19 may be a potential treatment for retinal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
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Ionescu C, Oprea B, Ciobanu G, Georgescu M, Bică R, Mateescu GO, Huseynova F, Barragan-Montero V. The Angiogenic Balance and Its Implications in Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070903. [PMID: 35888622 PMCID: PMC9316440 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of developing new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. This review summarizes the main features of physiological and pathological angiogenesis and those of angiogenesis activation and inhibition. In healthy adults, angiogenesis is absent apart from its involvement in female reproductive functions and tissue regeneration. Angiogenesis is a complex process regulated by the action of specific activators and inhibitors. In certain diseases, modulating the angiogenic balance can be a therapeutic route, either by inhibiting angiogenesis (for example in the case of tumor angiogenesis), or by trying to activate the process of new blood vessels formation, which is the goal in case of cardiac or peripheral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălina Ionescu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea București, 200144 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (B.O.)
| | - Bogdan Oprea
- Histology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (C.I.); (B.O.)
| | - Georgeta Ciobanu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, 107i Calea București, 200144 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Milena Georgescu
- Clinic for Plastic Surgery and Burns, County Emergency Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ramona Bică
- General Hospital—“Victor Babes”, 281 Mihai Bravu St., Sector III, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Garofiţa-Olivia Mateescu
- Histology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2-4 Petru Rares, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Fidan Huseynova
- LBN, University of Montpellier, 34193 Montpellier, France; (F.H.); (V.B.-M.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaïjan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS), AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Azerbaijan Medical University, AZ1078 Baku, Azerbaijan
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Kong H, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, He Q, Dong R, Zheng X, Liu K, Han L. Promoting Angiogenesis Effect and Molecular Mechanism of Isopropyl Caffeate (KYZ), a Novel Metabolism-Derived Candidate Drug, Based on Integrated Network Pharmacology and Transgenic Zebrafish Models. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:901460. [PMID: 35721161 PMCID: PMC9201573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.901460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Ischemic diseases have a huge impact on people's health, which can cause blood supply blockage or restriction in specific tissues. Researchers must develop novel drugs with great efficacy and low toxicity for the prevention and treatment of such diseases. Isopropyl caffeic acid (KYZ) was one of the metabolites of caffeic acid in vivo. This study is to explore the protective effect and mechanism of KYZ on ischemic disease from the perspective of angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro, providing support for the treatment of ischemic diseases and the discovery of a new candidate drug. METHODS The network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict the targets of KYZ. In addition, the effects of KYZ on damaged and normal blood vessels were evaluated using the Tg (fli1: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish. The HUVECs model was used to study the effects of KYZ on proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The same dosage of caffeic acid (CA) was also administered in vitro and in vivo at the same time to assess the pharmacodynamic difference between the two compounds. Western Blot and ELISA methods were used to detect the expression of related target proteins. RESULTS The result from the network pharmacology indicated that the targets of KYZ were related to angiogenesis. It was also found that KYZ could repair the vascular damage induced by the PTK787 and promote the growth of subintestinal vessels in normal zebrafish. The result also indicated that KYZ's angiogenic ability is better than the precursor compound CA. In HUVECs, KYZ could promote cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Further mechanistic study suggested that the KYZ could induce the release of VEGF factor in HUVECs, up-regulate the expression of VEGFR2, and activate the PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These data show that KYZ may promote angiogenesis through VEGF, PI3K/AKT, and MEK/ERK signaling pathways, suggesting that KYZ exhibited great potential in the treatment of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Kong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yougang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yangtengjiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Rong Dong
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Han
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Schumacher A, Roumans N, Rademakers T, Joris V, Eischen-Loges MJ, van Griensven M, LaPointe VL. Enhanced Microvasculature Formation and Patterning in iPSC–Derived Kidney Organoids Cultured in Physiological Hypoxia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:860138. [PMID: 35782512 PMCID: PMC9240933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.860138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell–derived kidney organoids have been shown to self-organize from induced pluripotent stem cells into most important renal structures. However, the structures remain immature in culture and contain endothelial networks with low connectivity and limited organoid invasion. Furthermore, the nephrons lose their phenotype after approximately 25 days. To become applicable for future transplantation, further maturation in vitro is essential. Since kidneys in vivo develop in hypoxia, we studied the modulation of oxygen availability in culture. We hypothesized that introducing long-term culture at physiological hypoxia, rather than the normally applied non-physiological, hyperoxic 21% O2, could initiate angiogenesis, lead to enhanced growth factor expression and improve the endothelial patterning. We therefore cultured the kidney organoids at 7% O2 instead of 21% O2 for up to 25 days and evaluated nephrogenesis, growth factor expression such as VEGF-A and vascularization. Whole mount imaging revealed a homogenous morphology of the endothelial network with enhanced sprouting and interconnectivity when the kidney organoids were cultured in hypoxia. Three-dimensional vessel quantification confirmed that the hypoxic culture led to an increased average vessel length, likely due to the observed upregulation of VEGFA-189 and VEGFA-121, and downregulation of the antiangiogenic protein VEGF-A165b measured in hypoxia. This research indicates the importance of optimization of oxygen availability in organoid systems and the potential of hypoxic culture conditions in improving the vascularization of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nadia Roumans
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Virginie Joris
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maria José Eischen-Loges
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Vanessa L.S. LaPointe,
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135
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Lange M, Ohnesorge N, Hoffmann D, Rocha SF, Benedito R, Siekmann AF. Zebrafish mutants in vegfab can affect endothelial cell proliferation without altering ERK phosphorylation and are phenocopied by loss of PI3K signaling. Dev Biol 2022; 486:26-43. [PMID: 35337795 PMCID: PMC11238767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of appropriately patterned blood vessel networks requires endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Signaling through the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) pathway is instrumental in coordinating these processes. mRNA splicing generates short (diffusible) and long (extracellular matrix bound) Vegfa isoforms. The differences between these isoforms in controlling cellular functions are not understood. In zebrafish, vegfaa generates short and long isoforms, while vegfab only generates long isoforms. We found that mutations in vegfaa had an impact on endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation. Surprisingly, mutations in vegfab more strongly affected EC proliferation in distinct blood vessels, such as intersegmental blood vessels in the zebrafish trunk and central arteries in the head. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways revealed no change in MAPK (ERK) activation, while inhibiting PI3 kinase signaling phenocopied vegfab mutant phenotypes in affected blood vessels. Together, these results suggest that extracellular matrix bound Vegfa might act through PI3K signaling to control EC proliferation in a distinct set of blood vessels during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lange
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Ohnesorge
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dennis Hoffmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Susana F Rocha
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Rui Benedito
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, E28029, Spain
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Roentgenstrasse 20, D-48149, Muenster, Germany; Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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136
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Optimized Heterologous Expression and Efficient Purification of a New TRAIL-Based Antitumor Fusion Protein SRH-DR5-B with Dual VEGFR2 and DR5 Receptor Specificity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115860. [PMID: 35682540 PMCID: PMC9180153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, bifunctional proteins have been created by genetic and protein engineering methods to increase therapeutic effects in various diseases, including cancer. Unlike conventional small molecule or monotargeted drugs, bifunctional proteins have increased biological activity while maintaining low systemic toxicity. The recombinant anti-cancer cytokine TRAIL has shown a limited therapeutic effect in clinical trials. To enhance the efficacy of TRAIL, we designed the HRH–DR5-B fusion protein based on the DR5-selective mutant variant of TRAIL fused to the anti-angiogenic synthetic peptide HRHTKQRHTALH. Initially low expression of HRH–DR5-B was enhanced by the substitution of E. coli-optimized codons with AT-rich codons in the DNA sequence encoding the first 7 amino acid residues of the HRH peptide. However, the HRH–DR5-B degraded during purification to form two adjacent protein bands on the SDS-PAGE gel. The replacement of His by Ser at position P2 immediately after the initiator Met dramatically minimized degradation, allowing more than 20 mg of protein to be obtained from 200 mL of cell culture. The resulting SRH–DR5-B fusion bound the VEGFR2 and DR5 receptors with high affinity and showed increased cytotoxic activity in 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. SRH–DR5-B can be considered as a promising candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Integrated Bioinformatics and Clinical Correlation Analysis of Key Genes, Pathways, and Potential Therapeutic Agents Related to Diabetic Nephropathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9204201. [PMID: 35637650 PMCID: PMC9148260 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9204201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden around the world. Some unknown biomarkers, mechanisms, and potential novel agents regarding DN are yet to be identified. Methods GSE30528 and GSE1009 were downloaded as training datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of DN. Common DEGs were selected for further analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of DEGs were performed to explore molecular mechanisms and pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was used to identify the top 10 hub genes of DN. Expression profiles of the hub genes were validated in GSE96804 and GSE47183 datasets. The clinical correlation analyses were conducted to confirm the association between key genes and clinical characteristics in the Nephroseq v5 database. The Drug Gene Interaction Database was used to predict potential targeted drugs. Results 345 and 1228 DEGs were identified in GSE30528 and GSE1009, respectively; and 120 common DEGs were found. The biological process of DEGs was significantly enriched in kidney development. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, complement and coagulation cascades were significantly enriched KEGG pathways. The identified top10 hub genes were VEGFA, NPHS1, WT1, TJP1, CTGF, FYN, SYNPO, PODXL, TNNT2, and BMP2. VEGFA, NPHS1, WT1, CTGF, SYNPO, PODXL, and TNNT2 were significantly downregulated in DN. VEGFA, NPHS1, WT1, CTGF, SYNPO, and PODXL were positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate. The targeted drugs or molecular compounds were enalapril, sildenafil, and fenofibrate target for VEGFA; losartan target for NPHS1; halofuginone, deferoxamine, curcumin, and sirolimus target for WT1; and purpurogallin target for TNNT2. Conclusions VEGFA, NPHS1, WT1, CTGF, SYNPO, and PODXL are promising biomarkers for diagnosing and evaluating the progression of DN. The drug-gene interaction analyses provide a list of candidate drugs for the precise treatment of DN.
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Zhang L, Yang R, Hu Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, He B, Shen Z, Yang J, Chen P. Promoting effect of pomegranate peel extract on second-degree burn wound-healing through VEGF-A and TGF-β1 regulation. Burns 2022; 48:639-648. [PMID: 34716043 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate peel extract (PPE), a polyphenolic compound derived from pomegranate, has been widely concerned for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bacteriostatic effects. The potential therapeutic effect of PPE on burn injury was investigated, and its possible mechanisms were explored. Minipigs with second-degree burn were treated with PPE, Jing Wan Hong, and silver sulfadiazine. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to detect burn severity, and then biological tissues were biopsied on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after administration. Immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 in skin tissues after treatment with PPE. Furthermore, the skin wound healing at different time points was monitored by macroscopic observation. HE showed that after 28-day PPE treatment, the morphology of the skin tissue showed a significant improvement. Macroscopic data monitoring indicated that the decrustation and fur growing time was shortened. Meanwhile, the rate of wound healing increased after PPE treatment. The combination of immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-PCR showed that after PPE treatment, expression of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 increased sharply on day 7, maintaining a high level until day 14, showing a downward trend on day 21, and approaching normal levels on day 28. However, in the model group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 increased on day 28 after burn injury, which was a slow process. Results indicated that compared with the model group, the peak expression level of VEGF-A and TGF-β1 was earlier, which was consistent with decrustation, shortening of fur growing time, and improvement of wound healing rate in minipig second-degree burn model. PPE showed a significant promoting effect on minipig second-degree burn model, which might be associated with the upregulation of the protein and gene expression levels of VEGF-A and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Renhua Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Bo He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - JianYu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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139
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Rekad Z, Izzi V, Lamba R, Ciais D, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. The Alternative Matrisome: alternative splicing of ECM proteins in development, homeostasis and tumor progression. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:26-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Neelamegam R, Chaly T, Dileep Kumar J. Radiosynthesis and in vivo imaging of [11C]BTFP, a potent inhibitor of VEGFR2. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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141
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Zhou X, Lu J, Wu B, Guo Z. HOXA11-AS facilitates the proliferation, cell cycle process and migration of keloid fibroblasts through sponging miR-188-5p to regulate VEGFA. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 106:111-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Yao X, Qi G, Qu Y, Yun S, Sun W, Liang C, Du M, Li Z. Structural Characterization of RC28-E, a Recombinant Fusion Protein With Dual Targets on VEGF and FGF2. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221086989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growthfactor (FGF) play important roles in angiogenesis-related diseases. RC28-E is a soluble fusion protein composed of the human VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) extracellular domain 2 (ECD 2), VEGFR2 ECD 3, FGFR1 ECDs 2 and 3, and the Fc regions of human immunoglobulin G1. By targeting both VEGF and FGF2, RC28-E may represent a useful antiangiogenetic agent, but structural and functional characterizations of this fusion protein are needed. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate, imaged capillary isoelectric focusing, and bio-layer interferometry were used to characterize the properties of RC28-E. The purity of RC28-E was confirmed to be 98% or greater. The glycosylation modification of RC28-E was found to be very complicated, with 11 potential N-linked glycosylation points and 23 types of N-glycans, causing high heterogeneity of the protein. The primary modifications of the amino acid sequence of RC28-E protein included C-terminal K truncation, N-deamidation, and M-oxidation modification. Notably, RC28-E demonstrated a higher affinity for both VEGF and FGF2 than VEGF trap or FGF trap for their respective targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guiping Qi
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | | | - Shasha Yun
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Mupeng Du
- RemeGen Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Tanaka Y, Murata M, Tanegashima K, Oda Y, Ito T. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 regulates angiogenesis through Src signaling and serves as a novel therapeutic target in angiosarcoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4031. [PMID: 35256687 PMCID: PMC8901754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare, life-threatening soft tissue sarcoma with malignant endothelial cells that is mainly found in the skin. Multidisciplinary approaches are used to treat patients with unresectable metastasized lesions; considering the cellular origin of angiosarcoma, anti-angiogenic therapy has also been used recently. However, these treatments have limited efficacy, and the survival rate remains low. Thus, more effective treatments need to be developed. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is highly expressed in malignant tumors and promotes tumor progression. Thus, NECTIN4 is expected to be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. However, the significance of NECTIN4 in angiosarcoma remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated NECTIN4 expression in 74 tissue samples from angiosarcoma patients, finding variable NECTIN4 expression. In addition, we investigated NECTIN4 expression and function in human angiosarcoma cell lines. NECTIN4 expression was higher in angiosarcoma cells than normal endothelial cells, and angiosarcoma cells were sensitive to monomethyl auristatin E, the cytotoxic part of a NECTIN4-targetting antibody-drug conjugate. NECTIN4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and angiogenesis of angiosarcoma cells, and Src kinase signaling was shown to be involved in NECTIN4 function, at least in part. NECTIN4-targeted therapy has the potential to be a novel treatment strategy for angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanegashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Potential Biomarkers and the Molecular Mechanism Associated with DLL4 During Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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145
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Ahmad A, Nawaz MI, Siddiquei MM, De Zutter A, Vanbrabant L, Gikandi PW, Opdenakker G, Struyf S. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Retinal Inflammation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:807747. [PMID: 35082694 PMCID: PMC8784736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.807747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Endogenous tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) has powerful regulatory effects on inflammation and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of TIMP-3 in regulating inflammation in the diabetic retina. Methods: Vitreous samples from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and non-diabetic patients were subjected to Western blot analysis. Streptozotocin-treated rats were used as a preclinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) model. Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown was assessed with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran. Rat retinas, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) and human retinal Müller glial cells were studied by Western blot analysis and ELISA. Adherence of human monocytes to HRMECs was assessed and in vitro angiogenesis assays were performed. Results: Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in vitreous samples was largely glycosylated. Intravitreal injection of TIMP-3 attenuated diabetes-induced BRB breakdown. This effect was associated with downregulation of diabetes-induced upregulation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas phospho-ERK1/2 levels were not altered. In Müller cell cultures, TIMP-3 significantly attenuated VEGF upregulation induced by high-glucose (HG), the hypoxia mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and TNF-α and attenuated MCP-1 upregulation induced by CoCl2 and TNF-α, but not by HG. TIMP-3 attenuated HG-induced upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2, caspase-3 and the mature form of ADAM17, but not the levels of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and the proform of ADAM17 in Müller cells. TIMP-3 significantly downregulated TNF-α-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in HRMECs. Accordingly, TIMP-3 significantly decreased spontaneous and TNF-α- and VEGF-induced adherence of monocytes to HRMECs. Finally, TIMP-3 significantly attenuated VEGF-induced migration, chemotaxis and proliferation of HRMECs. Conclusion:In vitro and in vivo data point to anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of TIMP-3 and support further studies for its applications in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Dr. Nasser Al-Rashid Research Chair in Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alexandra De Zutter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priscilla W Gikandi
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, and University Hospitals UZ Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kim E, Han J, Chae Y, Park H, Kim S, Kim S, Lee J, Kim BC. Evaluation of the Structural, Physicochemical, and Biological Characteristics of SB11, as Lucentis ® (Ranibizumab) Biosimilar. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:639-652. [PMID: 35084693 PMCID: PMC8927571 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction SB11 was recently approved as a ranibizumab biosimilar by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Commission (EC) as a therapy for retinal vascular disorders under the brand name Byooviz™. This study was performed to assess the analytical similarity between SB11 and reference products from the European Union (EU-ranibizumab) and United States (US-ranibizumab). Methods A comprehensive structural, physicochemical, and biological characterization was performed utilizing state-of-the-art analytical methods. Comparisons included the following: primary structure related to amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications; higher order structure; product-related substances and purity/impurity including size and charge variants. In addition, biological characterization included a series of mechanism of action (MoA)-related bioassays such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A binding assay (VEGF-A 165 and its isoforms), cell-based VEGF-A 165 neutralization assay, and anti-proliferation assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results The amino acid sequence of SB11 was identical to that of reference products, and post-translational modification profiles and higher order structures of SB11 were shown to be indistinguishable from the reference products. Product-related size and charge variants and aggregates were also similar. Using a broad range of VEGF-related functional assays, we demonstrated that SB11 has similar biological properties to reference products in VEGF-A binding activities (VEGF-A 165 and isoforms (VEGF-A 110, VEGF-A 121, and VEGF-A 189)), VEGF-A 165 neutralization, and HUVEC anti-proliferation. Overall, SB11 exhibits high similarity compared to EU/US-ranibizumab. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive analytical similarity assessment, SB11 is highly similar to the EU/US-ranibizumab with respect to structural, physicochemical, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Han
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Chae
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyerim Park
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Saerom Kim
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seokkyun Kim
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Chan Kim
- Quality Evaluation Team, Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, Incheon, South Korea.
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Karami E, Naderi S, Roshan R, Behdani M, Kazemi-Lomedasht F. Targeted therapy of angiogenesis using anti-VEGFR2 and anti-NRP-1 nanobodies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 89:165-172. [PMID: 34988654 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted therapy in cancer researches is a promising approach that can resolve drawbacks of systematic therapeutics. Nanobodies are potent therapeutics due to their high specificity and affinity to the target. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the effect of the combination of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (anti-VEGFR2) and anti-neuropilin-1 (anti-NRP1) nanobodies both in vitro (MTT, and tube formation assay) and in vivo (chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and Nude mice treatment assay). RESULTS Our results showed that the combination of two nanobodies (anti-VEGFR2/NRP-1 nanobodies) significantly inhibited proliferation as well as tube formation of human endothelial cells effective than a single nanobody. In addition, the mixture of both nanobodies inhibited vascularization of chick chorioallantoic membrane ex ovo CAM assay as compared to a single nanobody. Moreover, the mixture of both nanobodies significantly inhibited tumor growth of the mice (tumor volume and weight) higher than individual nanobodies (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results offer a promising role of combination therapies in cancer therapy as well as angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karami
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamsi Naderi
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Roshan
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behdani
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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148
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Wu A, Luo N, Xu Y, Du N, Li L, Liu Q. Exosomal LBH inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via downregulating VEGFA signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:242-260. [PMID: 34975330 PMCID: PMC8692147 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The limb-bud and heart (LBH) gene was reported to suppress nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression in our previous study. Distant metastasis predominantly accounts for the unsatisfactory prognosis of NPC treatment, in which epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor angiogenesis are of great significance. The roles of exosomes in mediating NPC progression have been highlighted in recent researches, and attempts have been made to explore the clinical application of NPC exosomes. Here we investigated the function of the LBH gene in NPC exosomes, and its potential mechanism. NPC xenografts were constructed, showing that vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression and neovascularity were attenuated by LBH overexpression, together with diminished EMT progression. NPC-derived exosomes were isolated, identified and applied for in vitro/in vivo experiments, and the exosomal distribution of LBH was elevated in exosomes derived from LBH-upregulated cells. Ectopic LBH, αB-crystallin (CRYAB) and VEGFA expression was induced by lentiviral infection or plasmid transfection to explore their functions in modulating EMT and angiogenesis in NPC. The addition of LBH+ NPC exosomes during a Matrigel plug assay in mice suppressed in vivo angiogenesis, and the treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with LBH+ NPC exosomes inhibited cellular proliferation, migration and tube formation. The interactions among LBH, CRYAB and VEGFA were confirmed by colocalization and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, and extracellular VEGFA secretion from both HUVECs and NPC cells under the treatment with LBH+ NPC exosomes was diminished according to ELISA results. We concluded that exosomal LBH inhibits EMT progression and angiogenesis in the NPC microenvironment, and that its effects are partially implemented by modulation of VEGFA expression, secretion and related signaling. Thus, LBH could serve as a promising therapeutic target in VEGFA-focused NPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, PR China, 510280
| | - Ning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province; Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 151# Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, PR China, 510080
| | - Yuling Xu
- Nanfang Hospital, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1023# Shatai Road South, Guangzhou, PR China, 510515
| | - Nan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China, 510060
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651# Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, PR China, 510060
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253# Middle Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, PR China, 510280
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149
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Insights into the dynamics of ligand-induced dimerisation via mathematical modelling and analysis. J Theor Biol 2022; 538:110996. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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150
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Mezu-Ndubuisi OJ, Song YS, Macke E, Johnson H, Nwaba G, Ikeda A, Sheibani N. Retinopathy of prematurity shows alterations in Vegfa 164 isoform expression. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1677-1685. [PMID: 34285351 PMCID: PMC8770670 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic ocular neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and other proliferative retinopathies are characterized by dysregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). A study of Vegfa isoform expression during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) may enhance our understanding of Vegf dysregulation. METHODS Following induction of OIR, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on room air (RA) and OIR mice. RESULTS Total Vegfa messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was stable in RA mice, but increased in OIR mice with a peak at postnatal day 17 (P17), before returning to RA levels. Vegfa164a expression was similar in both OIR and RA mice at P10 (Phase 1 OIR), but 2.4-fold higher in OIR mice compared to RA mice at P16 (Phase 2 OIR). At P10, Vegfa164b mRNA was similar in OIR vs RA mice, but was expressed 2.5-fold higher in OIR mice compared to RA mice at P16. At P10 and P16, Vegfr2/Vegfr1 expression was increased in OIR mice compared to RA mice. Increased activation of microglia was seen in OIR mice. CONCLUSIONS Vegfa164a, Vegfa164b, and Vegfr1 were overexpressed in OIR mice, leading to abnormal signaling and angiogenesis. Further studies of mechanisms of Vegf dysregulation may lead to novel therapies for ROP and other proliferative retinopathies. IMPACT Vegfa164 has two major isoforms, a proangiogenic, Vegfa164a, and an antiangiogenic, Vegfa164b, with opposing receptors, inhibitory Vegfr1, and stimulatory Vegfr2, but their role in OIR is unclear. In Phase 1 OIR, both isoforms and receptors are expressed similarly. In Phase 2 OIR, both isoforms are overexpressed, with an increased ratio of inhibitory Vegfr1. Modulation of angiogenesis by Vegf regulation enables pruning of excess angiogenesis during physiology, but results in ineffective angiogenesis during OIR. Knowledge of VEGF dysregulation may have novel therapeutic implications in the management of ROP and retinal proliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olachi J. Mezu-Ndubuisi
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Erica Macke
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Hailey Johnson
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ginika Nwaba
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
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