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Bikle DD. Vitamin D Prevents Sunburn: Tips for the Summer? J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:2045-2047. [PMID: 28941472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the article by Scott et al, a high dose of vitamin D attenuated the inflammatory response to UV radiation in a small group of normal volunteers. The best results were in those subjects who had the greatest increase in circulating 25hydroxyvitamin D. Using microarray analyses these subjects showed a reduction in the expression of inflammatory markers with an increase in markers of skin barrier repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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102
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Zobairy M, Matinhomaeei H, Hatamian H, Azizbeigi K, Azarbayjani MA. Effect of Elastic Resistance Training and Vitamin D on Systemic Inflammation Indices in Untrained Men: A Clinical Trial. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/nirp.cjns.3.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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103
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Cooperstock MS, Swedo SE, Pasternack MS, Murphy TK. Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part III-Treatment and Prevention of Infections. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:594-606. [PMID: 36358106 PMCID: PMC9836684 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) and its subset, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infection (PANDAS), are emerging autoimmune encephalopathies of childhood. Management guidelines are needed. This article, from the PANS/PANDAS Consortium, presents a consensus management guideline for the infection components. Accompanying papers from the Consortium discuss psychiatric and immunomodulatory management. Methods: Literature was reviewed and integrated with the clinical experience of the authors to provide a set of practical guidelines. This article was submitted to all members of the PANS/PANDAS Consortium, and their additional comments were added. Results: The relationships between PANS and infections are reviewed. An approach to the retrospective diagnosis of group A streptococcal infection for an operational definition of PANDAS is proposed. An initial course of anti-streptococcal treatment is proposed for all newly diagnosed PANS cases. Chronic secondary antimicrobial prophylaxis is suggested for children with PANDAS who have severe neuropsychiatric symptoms or recurrent group A Streptococcus-associated exacerbations. Guidelines for children with non-streptococcal PANS include vigilance for streptococcal pharyngitis or dermatitis in the patient and close contacts. All patients with PANS or PANDAS should also be closely monitored for other intercurrent infections, including sinusitis and influenza. Intercurrent infections should be diagnosed and treated promptly according to current standard guidelines. A guideline for the assessment of infection at initial onset or during neuropsychiatric exacerbations is also presented. Standard immunizations and attention to vitamin D are encouraged. Data indicating limited utility of adenotonsillectomy and probiotics are presented. Conclusion: A working guideline for the management of infection issues in PANS and PANDAS, based on literature and expert opinion, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Cooperstock
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susan E Swedo
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Mark S Pasternack
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tanya K Murphy
- Director and Professor of Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
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Föcker M, Antel J, Ring S, Hahn D, Kanal Ö, Öztürk D, Hebebrand J, Libuda L. Vitamin D and mental health in children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 26:1043-1066. [PMID: 28176022 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-0949-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While vitamin D is known to be relevant for bone health, evidence has recently accumulated for an impact on mental health. To identify the potential benefits and limitations of vitamin D for mental health, an understanding of the physiology of vitamin D, the cut-off values for vitamin D deficiency and the current status of therapeutic trials is paramount. Results of a systematic PUBMED search highlight the association of vitamin D levels and mental health conditions. Here, we focus on children and adolescents studies as well as randomized controlled trials on depression in adults. 41 child and adolescent studies were identified including only 1 randomized controlled and 7 non-controlled supplementation trials. Overall, results from 25 cross-sectional studies as well as from 8 longitudinal studies suggest a role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Findings from supplementation trials seem to support this hypothesis. However, randomized controlled trials in adults revealed conflicting results. Randomized controlled trials in childhood and adolescents are urgently needed to support the potential of vitamin D as a complementary therapeutic option in mental disorders. Study designs should consider methodological challenges, e.g., hypovitaminosis D at baseline, appropriate supplementation doses, sufficient intervention periods, an adequate power, clinically validated diagnostic instruments, and homogenous, well-defined risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Antel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Hahn
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Özlem Kanal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Dana Öztürk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Libuda
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Wickenburgstr. 21, 45147, Essen, Germany
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105
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Jayedi A, Soltani S, Shab-Bidar S. Vitamin D status and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:2136-2145. [PMID: 28453636 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in patients with chronic kidney disease. Less attention has been paid to measurement and correction of serum level of 25(OH)D in these patients. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between different levels of serum 25(OH)D and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. DATA SOURCES Systematic search were done using MedLine and EMBASE from inception up to November 2016. Reference lists of all relevant articles and reviews also were searched. STUDY SELECTION Prospective or retrospective cohort studies that reported risk estimates of all-cause mortality for three or more categories of serum 25(OH)D in patients with chronic kidney disease were selected. Studies that reported results as continuously also were included. Two independent investigators screened and selected the articles. Of 1281 identified studies, 13 prospective cohorts, two retrospective cohorts and one nested case-control study with 17053 patients and 7517 incident death were included. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent authors extracted data from included studies. Any discrepancies were resolved through consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS Reported risk estimates were combined using a random-effects model. Summary risk estimates of all-cause mortality were1.63 (95%CI: 1.32, 1.94) for severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml), 1.22 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.35) for mild deficiency (10-20 ng/ml) and 1.12 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.18) for insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml). Results were more evident in dialysis dependent patients. 10 ng/ml increment in serum 25(OH)D was associated with 21% reduction in the risk of overall mortality (RR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.87).Lower risk of all-cause mortality was observed at serum 25(OH)D about 25 to 30 ng/ml. Dialysis treatment was one of the sources of variation between studies. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of serum 25(OH) D were associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, but concerning serum levels more than 35 ng/mL we have no conclusive evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jayedi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Soltani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemaat Highway, 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Vitamin D signaling and melanoma: role of vitamin D and its receptors in melanoma progression and management. J Transl Med 2017; 97:706-724. [PMID: 28218743 PMCID: PMC5446295 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB), in addition to having carcinogenic activity, is required for the production of vitamin D3 (D3) in the skin which supplies >90% of the body's requirement. Vitamin D is activated through hydroxylation by 25-hydroxylases (CYP2R1 or CYP27A1) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) to produce 1,25(OH)2D3, or through the action of CYP11A1 to produce mono-di- and trihydroxy-D3 products that can be further modified by CYP27B1, CYP27A1, and CYP24A1. The active forms of D3, in addition to regulating calcium metabolism, exert pleiotropic activities, which include anticarcinogenic and anti-melanoma effects in experimental models, with photoprotection against UVB-induced damage. These diverse effects are mediated through an interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and/or as most recently demonstrated through action on retinoic acid orphan receptors (ROR)α and RORγ. With respect to melanoma, low levels of 25(OH)D are associated with thicker tumors and reduced patient survival. Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms of VDR and the vitamin D-binding protein (VDP) genes affect melanomagenesis or disease outcome. Clinicopathological analyses have shown positive correlation between low or undetectable expression of VDR and/or CYP27B1 in melanoma with tumor progression and shorter overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) times. Paradoxically, this correlation was reversed for CYP24A1 (inactivating 24-hydroxylase), indicating that this enzyme, while inactivating 1,25(OH)2D3, can activate other forms of D3 that are products of the non-canonical pathway initiated by CYP11A1. An inverse correlation has been found between the levels of RORα and RORγ expression and melanoma progression and disease outcome. Therefore, we propose that defects in vitamin D signaling including D3 activation/inactivation, and the expression and activity of the corresponding receptors, affect melanoma progression and the outcome of the disease. The existence of multiple bioactive forms of D3 and alternative receptors affecting the behavior of melanoma should be taken into consideration when applying vitamin D management for melanoma therapy.
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107
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Garbossa SG, Folli F. Vitamin D, sub-inflammation and insulin resistance. A window on a potential role for the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:243-258. [PMID: 28409320 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) is the result of two hydroxylations that take place in liver, kidney, pancreas and immune cells. Vitamin D increases the production of some anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the release of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. Low levels of Vitamin D are also associated with an up-regulation of TLRs expression and a pro-inflammatory state. Regardless of the effect on inflammation, Vitamin D seems to directly increase insulin sensitivity and secretion, through different mechanisms. Considering the importance of low grade chronic inflammation in metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes, many authors hypothesized the involvement of this nutrient/hormone in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Vitamin D status could alter the balance between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and thus affect insulin action, lipid metabolism and adipose tissue function and structure. Numerous studies have shown that Vitamin D concentrations are inversely associated with pro-inflammatory markers, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and obesity. Interestingly, some longitudinal trials suggested also an inverse association between vitamin D status and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, vitamin D supplementation in humans showed controversial effects: with some studies demonstrating improvements in insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism while others showing no beneficial effect on glycemic control and on inflammation. In conclusion, although the evidences of a significant role of Vitamin D on inflammation, insulin resistance and insulin secretion in the pathogenesis of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, its potential function in treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. Encouraging results have emerged from Vitamin D supplementation trials on patients at risk of developing diabetes and further studies are needed to fully explore and understand its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Giuliana Garbossa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Via A. Di Rudini 8, Milan, 20142, Italy
- Program in Nutritional Science, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Folli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Santi Paolo e Carlo, Ospedale San Paolo, Via A. Di Rudini 8, Milan, 20142, Italy.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, San Paolo Hospital, Room #737, Via A. Di Rudiní 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health System, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, 78229, TX, USA.
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108
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Calton EK, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Zhao Y, Soares MJ. The impact of cholecalciferol supplementation on the systemic inflammatory profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:931-943. [PMID: 28488684 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Causal links between vitamin D status [25(OH)D] and systemic inflammation were examined through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Selected RCTs were ⩾12 weeks, conducted in adults free of acute inflammatory disease, and of high-quality (Jadad score ⩾3). Of 14 studies that met our criteria, 9 studies (15 study arms) permitted extraction of data. There was no effect on the weighted mean difference (WMD) of IL-6 (WMD (95% confidence interval)=0.1, (-0.166, 0.366) pg/ml, P=0.462) or C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD=-0.324, (-1.007, 0.359) mg/l, P=0.352). Subgroup analyses of trials achieving ⩾80 nmol/l indicated a trend for lower CRP (WMD=-0.834, (-1.726, 0.058) mg/l, P=0.067), however heterogeneity was significant (I2=66.7%, P=0.017). Studies employing a low dose (<1000 IU/d) showed increased CRP (WMD=0.615, (0.132, 1.098), P=0.013). In contrast, ⩾1000 IU/d had a favourable effect on CRP (WMD=-0.939, (-1.805, -0.073), P=0.034) but heterogeneity was significant (I2=61.3%, P=0.017). Meta-regression indicated that older age predicted a significant decrease in IL-6 (β=-0.02, (-0.034, -0.006) pg/ml, P=0.013) and CRP (β=-0.06, (-0.103, -0.017), P=0.01), whereas a greater percentage of females (β=0.027, (0.011, 0.044), P=0.004) and longer study duration independently predicted a higher WMD for CRP (β=0.049, (0.018, 0.079), P=0.005). Available high-quality RCTs did not support a beneficial effect of cholecalciferol on systemic IL-6 and CRP. Future studies should consider the confounding effects of age, gender and study duration, while possibly targeting an achieved 25(OH)D ⩾80 nmol/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Food, Nutrition &Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Occupation and the Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Food, Nutrition &Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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109
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoharis C Theoharides
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Departments of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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110
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Winter to summer change in vitamin D status reduces systemic inflammation and bioenergetic activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Redox Biol 2017; 12:814-820. [PMID: 28441630 PMCID: PMC5406546 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D status [25(OH)D] has recently been reported to be associated with altered cellular bioenergetic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). No study has tracked the seasonal variation of 25(OH)D and its putative influence on whole body energy metabolism, cellular bioenergetic profiles, inflammatory markers and clinical chemistry. Material and methods Whole body energy metabolism and substrate utilisation were measured by indirect calorimetry. PBMCs obtained from the same subjects were isolated from whole blood, counted and freshly seeded. Bioenergetic analysis (mitochondrial stress test and glycolysis stress test) was performed using the Seahorse XFe96 flux analyser. 25(OH)D was assessed using the Architect immunoassay method. Results 25(OH)D increased by a median (IQR) of 14.40 (20.13) nmol/L (p<0.001) from winter to summer and was accompanied by significant improvements in indices of insulin sensitivity, McAuley's index (p=0.019) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (p=0.028). PBMC mitochondrial parameters basal respiration, non-mitochondrial respiration, ATP production, proton leak, and maximal respiration decreased in summer compared to winter. Similarly, PBMC glycolytic parameters glycolytic activity, glucose response, and glycolytic capacity were all reduced in summer compared to winter. There was also a trend for absolute resting metabolic rate (RMR) to decrease (p=0.066). Markers of systemic inflammation MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 decreased significantly in summer compared to winter. Participants who entered winter with a low 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L), had the greatest alteration in bioenergetic parameters in summer, relative to those with winter 25(OH)D concentrations of 50–75 nmol/L or >75 nmol/L. The absolute change in 25(OH)D was not associated with altered bioenergetics. Conclusion Seasonal improvements in 25(OH)D was associated with reduced systemic inflammation, PBMC bioenergetic profiles and whole body energy metabolism. These observational changes in PBMC bioenergetics were most pronounced in those who had insufficient 25(OH)D in winter. The data warrants confirmation through cause and effect study designs. Inflammation and clinical biochemistry improved in summer versus winter. Seasonal improvements in 25(OH)D modulated the bioenergetic profile of PBMCs. Maintaining 25(OH)D >50 nmol/L may be important for bioenergetic function.
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111
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Komolmit P, Charoensuk K, Thanapirom K, Suksawatamnuay S, Thaimai P, Chirathaworn C, Poovorawan Y. Correction of vitamin D deficiency facilitated suppression of IP-10 and DPP IV levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomised double-blinded, placebo-control trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174608. [PMID: 28376103 PMCID: PMC5380326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency was common among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and had negative influence on treatment outcome. Correction of vitamin D deficiency improved treatment response. Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV) involved in inflammatory responses in CHC. Their higher levels at pretreatment of CHC could predict poorer responses. Vitamin D suppressed expression of IP-10 from monocytes in vitro. In CHC patients, DPP IV involved in IP-10 regulation. We hypothesized that correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in CHC patients might restore immune dysregulation through a pathway linked to the TH1/Th2 cytokines, IP-10 or DPP IV. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 80 CHC patients with vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL were assigned to receive vitamin D (40) or placebo (40) supplements for 6 weeks. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], Th1/Th2 cytokines, IP-10 and DPP IV were measured at baseline and at the 6th week. At the end of study, the mean 25(OH)D level in vitamin D group was significantly increased and normalised. There were no changes in the level of Th1/Th2 cytokines. Our important finding revealed that upon correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, the serum IP-10 and DPP IV levels were decreased significantly as compare to the placebo group (delta changes; 83.27 vs -133.80; 95% CI [-326.910, -40.758], p = 0.0125, and 271.04 vs -518.69; 95% CI [-1179,15, -59.781], p = 0.0305, respectively. As previous evidences suggested that each factor individually influenced and predicted outcome of CHC treatment. Our results offer a new insight and help to piece the puzzle of vitamin D deficiency, IP-10 and DPP IV together in CHC. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20160429001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyawat Komolmit
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Charoensuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal medicine, Buddhachinaraj Hospital School of Medicine, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Kessarin Thanapirom
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinporn Suksawatamnuay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panarat Thaimai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Center of Excellence in Liver Diseases: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chintana Chirathaworn
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn university, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kalluri HV, Sacha LM, Ingemi AI, Shullo MA, Johnson HJ, Sood P, Tevar AD, Humar A, Venkataramanan R. Low vitamin D exposure is associated with higher risk of infection in renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari V. Kalluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Lauren M. Sacha
- Department of Pharmacy; Saint Barnabas Medical Center; Livingston NJ USA
| | - Amanda I. Ingemi
- Department of Pharmacy; Sentara Norfolk General Hospital; Norfolk VA USA
| | - Michael A. Shullo
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Heather J. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Puneet Sood
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Amit D. Tevar
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Abhinav Humar
- Department of Surgery; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
- Department of Pathology; School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA USA
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113
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Soares MJ, Pannu PK, Calton EK, Reid CM, Hills AP. Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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114
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Zhang M, Gao Y, Tian L, Zheng L, Wang X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Huang G. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 with adipokines and inflammatory marker in persons with prediabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 468:152-158. [PMID: 28259644 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of vitamin D status and inflammation prediabetes mellitus (PreDM) individuals has not been investigated. We investigated the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH) D3) with adipokines and inflammatory markers in persons with PreDM. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we stratified 418 nondiabetic subjects as having PreDM or normal fasting glucose (NFG), and divided PreDM or NFG subjects into vitamin D sufficient, vitamin D insufficient and vitamin D deficient subgroups. 25(OH) D3 concentrations were determined by HPLC. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleiukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, leptin and resistin were measured by ELISA. RESULTS In the PreDM group, compared with those in the vitamin D sufficient subgroup, vitamin D insufficient subgroup and vitamin D deficient subgroup had higher concentrations of hs-CRP and leptin (P<0.05). In the PreDM-deficient or PreDM-insufficient subgroup, mean hs-CRP and leptin concentration was higher than in the PreDM-sufficient, NFG-deficient, NFG-insufficient and NFG-sufficient subgroups (P<0.05). Serum 25(OH) D3 concentrations were inversely associated with hs-CRP and leptin concentrations after adjusted the BMI only in the PreDM group (P<0.05). At the multivariate analysis, hs-CRP and leptin were the major determinant of 25(OH) D3 concentration (β=-0.174 and β=-0.171, respectively). CONCLUSIONS 25(OH) D3 status in PreDM individuals was inversely correlated with concentrations of hs-CRP and leptin, suggesting their involvement in the inflammation response between vitamin D status and PreDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Liqiang Tian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Weiqiao Liu
- Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China.
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115
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Bandera Merchan B, Morcillo S, Martin-Nuñez G, Tinahones FJ, Macías-González M. The role of vitamin D and VDR in carcinogenesis: Through epidemiology and basic sciences. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:203-218. [PMID: 27913313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades vitamin D (VD) research has demonstrated new extraskeletal actions of this pre-hormone, suggesting a protective role of this secosteroid in the onset, progression and prognosis of several chronic noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus or cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, both preclinical and epidemiological evidence available show oncoprotective actions of VD and its receptor, the VDR. However, in late neoplastic stages the VD system (VDS) seems to be less functional, which appears to be due to an epigenetic silencing of the system. In preclinical experimental studies, VD presents oncoprotective actions through modulation of inflammation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, invasive and metastatic potential, apoptosis, miRNA expression regulation and modulation of the Hedgehog signalling pathway. Moreover, epidemiological evidence points towards an oncoprotective role of vitamin D and VDR in colorectal cancer. This association is more controversial with breast, ovarian and prostate cancers, although with a few adverse effects. Nonetheless, we should consider other factors to determine the benefit of increased serum concentration of VD. Much of the epidemiological evidence is still inconclusive, and we will have to wait for new, better-designed ongoing RCTs and their results to discern the real effect of vitamin D in cancer risk reduction and therapy. The objective of this literature review is to offer an up-to-date analysis of the role of the VD and VDR, in the onset, progression and prognosis of all types of cancer. We further discuss the available literature and suggest new hypotheses and future challenges in the field of VD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Bandera Merchan
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gracia Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-González
- Unidad de Gestiòn Clìnica y Endocrinologìa y Nutriciòn, Instituto de Investigaciòn Biomèdica de Màlaga (IBIMA),Complejo Hospitalario de Màlaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Màlaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CB06/03),Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Aghajani H, Faal M, Hosseinsabet A. Evaluation of longitudinal left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery ectasia and vitamin D deficiency by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2017; 34:397-406. [PMID: 28150401 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as the dilation of at least one segment of the coronary arteries that reaches at least 1.5 times the size of a normal neighboring segment. It has been shown that left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is impaired in patients with CAE. Also, it has been shown that LV function is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects compared with vitamin D-sufficient subjects and vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in CAE patients. We hypothesized that LV function is impaired in patients with CAE so we evaluated longitudinal LV myocardial function by 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency without significant coronary artery stenosis and compared the results with those of subjects with vitamin D deficiency and near-normal coronary arteries. METHODS Our study population comprised 21 consecutive patients with CAE and without significant coronary artery stenosis (<50%) and 31 control subjects with near-normal coronary arteries. All subjects had vitamin D deficiency. RESULTS All 2DSTE-derived indices of longitudinal LV function, comprised of the absolute values of systolic strain (14.0±2.7% vs 15.4±2.3%, P=.039), systolic strain rate (1.2±0.2/s vs 1.3±0.2/s, P=.015), early diastolic strain rate (1.1±0.3/s vs 1.3±0.3 s-1 , P=.030), and late diastolic strain rate (0.8±0.2/s vs 1±0.2/s, P=.005), were reduced in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The systolic and diastolic functions of the LV in the patients with CAE and vitamin D deficiency were impaired as evaluated by 2DSTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aghajani
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Faal
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseinsabet
- Cardiology Department, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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117
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Skender S, Böhm J, Schrotz-King P, Chang-Claude J, Siegel EM, Steindorf K, Owen RW, Ose J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H, Ulrich CM. Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 Levels in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Associations with Physical Activity. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:229-237. [PMID: 28094599 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1265131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and vitamin D are thought to affect colorectal cancer prognosis. The present study investigates associations between 25(OH)D3 and PA in prospectively followed colorectal cancer patients in the ColoCare study. At 6, 12, and 24 mo after surgery, patients donated a blood sample, wore an accelerometer for 10 consecutive days, and completed a PA questionnaire. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. We tested associations using partial correlations and multivariate linear regression analysis, adjusted for season, age, and body mass index. A total of 137 assessments of 25(OH)D3 levels and PA were conducted (58 at 6 mo, 51 at 12 mo, and 28 at 24 mo). More than 60% of the patients were vitamin D-deficient (25(OH)D3 ≤20 ng/ml), independent of study time point. At 6-mo follow-up, accelerometry-based vigorous and moderate-to-vigorous PAs were positively associated with 25(OH)D3 levels (P = 0.04; P = 0.006,). PA together with season was a significant predictor of elevated 25(OH)D3 levels. Our results suggest that the majority of colorectal cancer patients may suffer from vitamin D deficiency. Engaging in PA may be an effective approach to increase their 25(OH)D3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Skender
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürgen Böhm
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Petra Schrotz-King
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- c Division of Clinical Epidemiology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erin M Siegel
- d Department of Cancer Epidemiology , H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Karen Steindorf
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Robert W Owen
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jennifer Ose
- b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- e Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- a Division of Preventive Oncology , National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,b Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.,f Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , Washington , USA
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Vitamin D and inflammatory markers: cross-sectional analyses using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). J Nutr Sci 2017; 6:e1. [PMID: 28620476 PMCID: PMC5465858 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that low vitamin D concentrations are associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers. However, there are limited studies investigating associations between vitamin D levels and inflammatory markers in the general population and much of this evidence in older adults is inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigates the cross-sectional association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with inflammatory markers in 5870 older English adults from wave 6 (2012–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ELSA is a large prospective observational study of community-dwelling people aged 50 years and over in England. Serum 25(OH)D levels, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plasma fibrinogen levels, white blood cell count (WBC), age, season of blood collection, waist circumference, total non-pension household wealth, measures of health and health behaviours that included depression, number of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular conditions and difficulties in activities of daily living, smoking, and physical activity were measured. There was a significant negative association between low 25(OH)D levels (≤30 nmol/l) and CRP (OR 1·23, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·51) and WBC (OR 1·35, 95 % CI 1·13, 1·60) that remained after adjustment for a wide range of covariates of clinical significance. However, for fibrinogen, the association did not remain significant when waist circumference was entered in the final model. Our findings showed that 25(OH)D levels were associated with two out the three inflammatory markers investigated. The independent and inverse association between serum 25(OH)D levels and inflammation suggests a potential anti-inflammatory role for vitamin D in older English individuals from the general population.
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Muscogiuri G, Annweiler C, Duval G, Karras S, Tirabassi G, Salvio G, Balercia G, Kimball S, Kotsa K, Mascitelli L, Bhattoa HP, Colao A. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: From atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction and stroke. Int J Cardiol 2016; 230:577-584. [PMID: 28043680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There continues to be interest in understanding the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact vitamin D deficiency has been associated to an increased risk of developing CVD given to the relationship between low vitamin D levels and obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. However, although vitamin D has been identified as a potentially important marker of CVD, the mechanisms through which vitamin D deficiency leads from endothelial dysfunction to myocardial infarction and stroke are not fully understood. Thus, the goal of this review is to provide an updated review of the literature on the basic science of how vitamin D may affect the cardiovascular system and in particular to analyze the role that vitamin D may have in the whole dynamic process from the initiation of endothelial dysfunction to the development of myocardial infarction and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; University Memory Clinic, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, UNAM, Angers, France; Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Duval
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Spyridon Karras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Luca Mascitelli
- Comando Brigata alpina "Julia"/Multinational Land Force, Medical Service, Udine, Italy
| | - Harjit Pal Bhattoa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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Wierzbicka JM, Żmijewski MA, Piotrowska A, Nedoszytko B, Lange M, Tuckey RC, Slominski AT. Bioactive forms of vitamin D selectively stimulate the skin analog of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in human epidermal keratinocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:312-322. [PMID: 27524410 PMCID: PMC5048597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation B stimulates both the production of vitamin D3 in the skin and the activation of the skin analog of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) as well as the central HPA. Since the role of vitamin D3 in the regulation of the HPA is largely unknown, we investigated the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its noncalcemic analogs, 20(OH)D3 and 21(OH)pD, on the expression of the local HPA in human epidermal keratinocytes. The noncalcemic analogs showed similar efficacy to 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating the expression of neuropeptides, CRF, urocortins and POMC, and their receptors, CRFR1, CRFR2, MC1R, MC2R, MC3R and MC4R. Interestingly, unlike other secosteroids, the activity of 21(OH)pD did not correlate with induction of differentiation, suggesting a separate but overlapping mechanism of action. Thus, biologically active forms of vitamin D can regulate different elements of the local equivalent of the HPA with implications for the systemic HPA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Nedoszytko
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lange
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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121
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What Do People Know and Believe about Vitamin D? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110718. [PMID: 27845705 PMCID: PMC5133104 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
People have been exposed to a lot of information regarding vitamin D, with evidence suggesting that vitamin D may be involved in numerous health conditions, subsequently creating concerns about vitamin D insufficiency. As a result, what do people really know or believe about this topic? In this cross-sectional study, we assessed vitamin D-related knowledge and beliefs in 59,273 French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort) using a specific questionnaire. Answers to this questionnaire were weighted according to the French sociodemographic distribution and compared across individual characteristics, using χ2-tests. Physicians and media were identified as key information providers. Participants did not always accurately cite vitamin D sources (e.g., 72% only for sun exposure, fatty fish: 61%) or established health effects (e.g., bone health: 62%–78%). Conversely, they mentioned incorrect sources and health effects for which there is no consensus yet (e.g., skin cancer). These findings were modulated by age/generational and socioeconomic factors. A strong inconsistency was also observed between participants’ true vitamin D status (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) and their opinion about it. This study, the first in Europe with such a large sample, stresses the need for simple and up-to-date supports of communication for the public and healthcare professionals regarding sources and health effects of vitamin D.
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122
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Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Vaes AMM, van der Zwaluw NL, van Wijngaarden JP, Swart KMA, Ham AC, van Dijk SC, Enneman AW, Sohl E, van Schoor NM, van der Velde N, Uitterlinden AG, Lips P, Feskens EJM, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, de Groot LCPGM. Relative importance of summer sun exposure, vitamin D intake, and genes to vitamin D status in Dutch older adults: The B-PROOF study. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:168-176. [PMID: 26275945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among seniors is high. Whereas sun exposure, vitamin D intake, genes, demographics, and lifestyle have been identified as being important determinants of vitamin D status, the impact of these factors is expected to differ across populations. To improve current prevention and treatment strategies, this study aimed to explore the main determinants of vitamin D status and its relative importance in a population of community-dwelling Dutch older adults. METHODS/SUBJECTS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in 2857 adults aged ≥65 years. Sun exposure was assessed with a structured questionnaire (n=1012), vitamin D intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (n=596), and data on genetic variation that may affect 25(OH)D status was obtained for 4 genes, DHCR7 (rs12785878), CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs2282679), and CYP24A1 (rs6013897) (n=2530). RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations <50nmol/L were observed in 45% of the population; only 6% of these participants used vitamin D supplements. Sun exposure (being outside daily during summer: 66±25nmol/L vs not being outside daily during summer: 58±27nmol/L, P=0.02) and vitamin D intake (per unit μg/day during winter/spring: 3.1±0.75nmol/L, P<0.0001) were associated with higher 25(OH)D concentrations. Major allele carriers of SNPs related to DHCR7, CYP24A1, and GC, as well as CYP2R1 minor allele carriers had the highest 25(OH)D concentrations. Together, sun (R2=0.29), vitamin D intake (R2=0.24), and genes (R2=0.28) explained 35% (R2=0.35) of the variation in 25(OH)D concentrations during summer/autumn period, when adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and self-rated health status (n=185). CONCLUSION The investigated determinants explained 35% of 25(OH)D status. Of the three main determinants under study, sun exposure still appeared to be an important determinant of serum 25(OH)D in older individuals, closely followed by genes, and vitamin D intake. Given the low frequency of vitamin D supplement use in this population, promoting supplement use may be an inexpensive, easy, and effective strategy to fight vitamin D deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske M Brouwer-Brolsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk M M Vaes
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita L van der Zwaluw
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke P van Wijngaarden
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies C Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien Sohl
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, P.O.Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Todd JJ, McSorley EM, Pourshahidi LK, Madigan SM, Crowe W, Laird EJ, Healy M, McNeilly A, Magee PJ. Oral spray wintertime vitamin D 3 supplementation has no impact on inflammation in Gaelic footballers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1300-1307. [PMID: 27704631 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D inadequacy [total 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] is widespread in athletes. The biologically active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, may be involved in regulating inflammation although in vitro findings have not been consistently replicated in human intervention trials. This study, conducted at a latitude of 55°N, aimed to assess inflammatory biomarkers in Gaelic footballers before and after a wintertime vitamin D3 intervention. Samples from a 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, in which 42 Gaelic footballers received 3000 IU (75 μg) vitamin D3 daily or placebo via oral spray solutions, were analysed for a range of inflammatory biomarkers. Cytokines (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α), cathelicidin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were quantified by multiplex assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and clinical biochemistry, respectively. White blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil concentrations were determined by full blood profile. Data on total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, measured by LC-MS/MS, were available from the previous study. Vitamin D3 supplementation significantly increased mean total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations from 47 to 84 nmol/L (P = 0.006); yet this had no effect on white blood cell count (P = 0.699), lymphocyte (P = 0.694), neutrophil (P = 0.594), interleukin-8 (P = 0.334), tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.587), cathelicidin (P = 0.745) or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration (P = 0.621) compared to placebo. 12-weeks vitamin D3 supplementation did not impact the immune profile of Gaelic footballers. This is likely because biomarkers were within their respective normal range or at a concentration similar to that of the general population at baseline. Future studies are encouraged to use inflammation as their primary outcome measure and recruit athletes at risk of compromised immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Todd
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E M McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | | | - W Crowe
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
| | - E J Laird
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A McNeilly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland
| | - P J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
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Lindqvist PG, Epstein E, Nielsen K, Landin-Olsson M, Ingvar C, Olsson H. Avoidance of sun exposure as a risk factor for major causes of death: a competing risk analysis of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden cohort. J Intern Med 2016; 280:375-87. [PMID: 26992108 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with active sunlight exposure habits experience a lower mortality rate than women who avoid sun exposure; however, they are at an increased risk of skin cancer. We aimed to explore the differences in main causes of death according to sun exposure. METHODS We assessed the differences in sun exposure as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in a competing risk scenario for 29 518 Swedish women in a prospective 20-year follow-up of the Melanoma in Southern Sweden (MISS) cohort. Women were recruited from 1990 to 1992 (aged 25-64 years at the start of the study). We obtained detailed information at baseline on sun exposure habits and potential confounders. The data were analysed using modern survival statistics. RESULTS Women with active sun exposure habits were mainly at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and noncancer/non-CVD death as compared to those who avoided sun exposure. As a result of their increased survival, the relative contribution of cancer death increased in these women. Nonsmokers who avoided sun exposure had a life expectancy similar to smokers in the highest sun exposure group, indicating that avoidance of sun exposure is a risk factor for death of a similar magnitude as smoking. Compared to the highest sun exposure group, life expectancy of avoiders of sun exposure was reduced by 0.6-2.1 years. CONCLUSION The longer life expectancy amongst women with active sun exposure habits was related to a decrease in CVD and noncancer/non-CVD mortality, causing the relative contribution of death due to cancer to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Lindqvist
- Clintec, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - E Epstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mothers and Childrens Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Helsingborg Hospital, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Landin-Olsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - C Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Olsson
- Departments of Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Barker T, Henriksen VT, Rogers VE, Momberger NG, Rasmussen GL, Trawick RH. Circulating interleukin-6 is not altered while γ-tocopherol is increased in subjects scheduled for knee surgery with low vitamin D. Cytokine 2016; 88:108-114. [PMID: 27591823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify if circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and γ-tocopherol (γT) fluctuate with vitamin D status in subjects with an underlying knee joint injury or disease. We hypothesized that low vitamin D associates with an increase in plasma γT while serum IL-6 remains unchanged in subjects with an underlying knee joint trauma or disease. Fifty-four subjects scheduled to undergo primary, unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery (ACL; n=27) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n=27) were studied. Circulating γT, α-tocopherol (αT), lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides), IL-6, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in fasting blood samples obtained prior to surgery. Subjects were classified as vitamin D deficient, insufficient, or sufficient if they had a serum 25(OH)D concentration <50, 50-75, or >75nM, respectively. The majority (57%) of the subjects possessed a serum 25(OH)D less than 50nM. Circulating cholesterol, triglycerides, and IL-6 were not significantly (all p>0.05) different between vitamin D status groups. However, lipid corrected αT was significantly (p<0.05) decreased and both lipid- and non-lipid-corrected plasma γT concentrations were significantly (both p<0.05) increased with low serum 25(OH)D (i.e., <50nM). A significant (p<0.05) multi-variate analysis revealed that an increase in plasma γT per lipids was significantly (p<0.05) predicted by a decrease in serum 25(OH)D but not by a decrease in plasma αT per lipids. We conclude that low vitamin D associates with an increase in plasma γT but not IL-6 in subjects with an underlying joint injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Barker
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA.
| | | | | | - Nathan G Momberger
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA; The Orthopedic Specialty Clinic, Murray, UT 84107, USA
| | - G Lynn Rasmussen
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA; The Orthopedic Specialty Clinic, Murray, UT 84107, USA
| | - Roy H Trawick
- The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital, Murray, UT 84107, USA; The Orthopedic Specialty Clinic, Murray, UT 84107, USA
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Dadonienė J, Čypienė A, Rinkūnienė E, Badarienė J, Burca J, Sakaitė I, Kalinauskaitė G, Kumpauskaitė V, Laucevičius A. Vitamin D and functional arterial parameters in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:224-230. [PMID: 26946163 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our cross sectional study aimed to identify the relation between vitamin D level and functional arterial parameters in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS 100 postmenopausal women at age 50-65 with diagnosed metabolic syndrome were included in this study. Laboratory tests were performed to determine lipid profile, serum glucose, creatinine, C-reactive protein, serum levels of 25(OH) D, ionized calcium and urine albumin/creatinine ratio. Also non-invasive assessment of arterial function (arterial stiffness, flow-mediated dilatation and carotid artery ultrasound examinations) was performed. RESULTS The mean vitamin D blood concentration was 47.4±16.9nmol/l. The prevalence of modest insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D was 62%. Vitamin D concentration in samples assembled from January to March was significantly lower than concentration levels from September to November. No significant relationship was observed between vitamin D and endothelial function, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness. Week negative correlation was stated between mean arterial pressure and 25(OH) D concentration (p=0.04). A positive correlation was found between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and vitamin 25(OH) D (r=0.3, p<0.05). No significant difference between 25(OH) D and other lipoproteins, calcium ions, glucose, albumin/creatinine ratio and C-reactive protein blood concentrations were found. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome is high. No relation was found between vitamin D levels and parameters that indicate atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Nevertheless our study revealed the relation between concentrations of vitamin D and mean blood pressure and high density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Caretta N, de Kreutzenberg SV, Valente U, Guarneri G, Ferlin A, Avogaro A, Foresta C. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Endocrine 2016; 53:831-8. [PMID: 26758995 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is an established risk factor for erectile dysfunction (ED). The pathophysiology of ED in diabetic men is multifactorial, but it mainly involves a vascular disorder related to a reduction of endothelial function. Recently, several studies have correlated ED risk factors with vitamin D deficiency. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, erectile dysfunction, and vascular disease, in type 2 diabetes mellitus men (T2DM). In this observational study, 92 T2DM males (58.83 ± 9.73 years) underwent medical history collection, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, that allows the identification and grading of DE, physical examination, biochemical/hormonal blood tests, and penile echo-color Doppler ultrasonography. T2DM patients with lower 25(OH)D levels (<25 nmol/l) showed higher penile IMT (p < 0.05), waist circonference (p < 0.05), glucose concentrations (p < 0.05), and lower IIEF-5 score (p < 0.005), testosterone concentrations (p < 0.05), and cavernous peak systolic velocity (PSV) (p < 0.05), compared to patients with 25(OH)D >50 nmol/l. 25(OH)D levels were directly correlated with IIEF-5 (R = 0.39; p = 0.0001), testosterone (R = 0.24; p = 0.02), and PSV (R = 0.24; p = 0.04) and inversely with waist (R = -0.33; p = 0.002), HbA1c (R = -0.22; p = 0.03), triglyceride (R = -0.21; p = 0.06), and penile IMT (R = -0.30; p = 0.009). At multivariate analysis, 25(OH)D deficiency remained an independent predictor of DE. We demonstrate a significant association between 25(OH)D deficiency and erectile dysfunction in T2DM men. This association may be due to the influence of 25(OH)D deficiency on cardiovascular risk factor (glycaemia, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides), testosterone plasma levels and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Caretta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Umberto Valente
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Guarneri
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Grant WB. The UVB-vitamin D 3 -pigment hypothesis is alive and well. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:752-755. [PMID: 27554177 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, 94164-1603, USA
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Grant WB. Using Multicountry Ecological and Observational Studies to Determine Dietary Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 35:476-89. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1161566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Karras SN, Fakhoury H, Muscogiuri G, Grant WB, van den Ouweland JM, Colao AM, Kotsa K. Maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and neonatal health: evidence to date and clinical implications. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2016; 8:124-35. [PMID: 27493691 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16656810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy have been associated with a plethora of adverse neonatal outcomes, including small for gestational age and preterm births, detrimental effect on offspring bone and teeth development, and risk of infectious diseases. Although most observational studies indicate a significant linear relationship between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the above outcomes, some randomized controlled trials to date are inconclusive, mostly due to differences in study design and supplementation regimen. The currently available results indicate that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, dental caries of infancy, and neonatal infectious diseases such as respiratory infections and sepsis. This narrative review aims to summarize available trial results regarding the effect of low maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy, in conjunction with neonatal outcomes on the field, with a discourse on the appropriate clinical approach of this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon N Karras
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA Hospital, Venizelou 34b, Pilea, PO Box 55535, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hana Fakhoury
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, KSA
| | | | - William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna Maria Colao
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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131
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Grant WB. Periodontal Disease and Breast Cancer-Letter. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:861. [PMID: 27197139 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, California.
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van Orten-Luiten ACB, Janse A, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Witkamp RF. Vitamin D deficiency as adverse drug reaction? A cross-sectional study in Dutch geriatric outpatients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:605-14. [PMID: 26873590 PMCID: PMC4834096 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse drug reactions as well as vitamin D deficiency are issues of public health concern in older people. However, relatively little is known about the impact of drug use on vitamin D status. Our primary aim is to explore associations between drug use and vitamin D status in older people. Furthermore, prevalences of drug use and vitamin D deficiency are estimated. METHODS In a population of 873 community-dwelling Dutch geriatric outpatients, we explored the cross-sectional relationships of polypharmacy (≥5 medications concomitantly used), severe polypharmacy (≥10 medications), and use of twenty-one specific drug groups, with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by analysis of covariance. RESULTS Overall prevalence of polypharmacy was 65 %, of severe polypharmacy 22 %. Depending on the cut-off value, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 49 % (<50 nmol/l) or 77 % (<75 nmol/l). Of the patients using a vitamin D supplement, 17 % (<50 nmol/l) or 49 % (<75 nmol/l) were still deficient. In non-users of supplemental vitamin D, after adjustment for age and gender, negative associations were found for severe polypharmacy, metformin, sulphonamides and urea derivatives (SUDs), vitamin K antagonists, cardiac glycosides, loop diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors; for non-selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors (NSMRIs) the association was positive. The most extreme impacts of drug use on adjusted mean 25(OH)D were -19 nmol/l for SUDs and +18 nmol/l for NSMRIs. CONCLUSION Drug use should be considered a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency amongst geriatric outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. B. van Orten-Luiten
- />Division of Human Nutrition, Pharmacology and Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands
| | - A. Janse
- />Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Willy Brandtlaan 10, 6716 RP Ede, The Netherlands
| | - R. A. M. Dhonukshe-Rutten
- />Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. F. Witkamp
- />Division of Human Nutrition, Pharmacology and Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zicari AM, Occasi F, Di Mauro F, Lollobrigida V, Di Fraia M, Savastano V, Loffredo L, Nicita F, Spalice A, Duse M. Mean Platelet Volume, Vitamin D and C Reactive Protein Levels in Normal Weight Children with Primary Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152497. [PMID: 27054959 PMCID: PMC4824489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in children with Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) report conflicting results and the hypothesis of an intermittent hypoxemia leading to a systemic inflammation is reaching consensus. Vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory properties and its deficiency has been supposed to play a role in sleep disorders. Emerging interest is rising about Primary Snoring (PS) since it is reasonable that also undetectable alteration of hypoxia might predispose to an increased production of inflammatory mediators. In this perspective, in a group of children affected by SDB, our aim was to investigate MPV, vitamin D and C Reactive Protein (CRP) levels, which had been previously evaluated separately in different studies focused only on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 137 children: 70 healthy controls (HC), 67 affected by SDB undergoing a polysomnographic evaluation, 22 with a diagnosis of PS and 45 with a diagnosis of OSAS. All patients underwent routine biochemical evaluations including blood cell counts, CRP and vitamin D. RESULTS Children affected by SDB had a mean age of 8.49±2.19 and were prevalently males (23 females, 34%; 44 males, 66%). MPV levels were higher in OSAS and PS when compared to HC; platelet count (PLT) and CRP levels were higher while Vitamin D levels were lower in children with SDB when compared to HC. MPV levels were correlated with PLT (r = -0.54; p<0.001), vitamin D (r = -0.39; p<0.001) and CRP (r = 0.21; p<0.01). A multiple regression was run to predict MPV levels from vitamin D, CRP and PLT and these variables significantly predicted MPV (F = 17.42, p<0.0001; adjusted R2 = 0.37). Only platelet count and vitamin D added statistically significantly to the prediction (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence of higher MPV and lower vitamin D levels in children with PS as well as in children with OSAS, and supports the underlying inflammation, hence, highlighting the importance of an early diagnosis of this previously considered benign form of SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Occasi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Di Fraia
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicita
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Spalice
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Duse
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Mousa A, Misso M, Teede H, Scragg R, de Courten B. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010804. [PMID: 27048637 PMCID: PMC4823456 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extraskeletal role of vitamin D is being increasingly recognised. This has important clinical implications, as vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Vitamin D has proposed anti-inflammatory properties, yet the role of vitamin D supplementation in reducing inflammation remains largely unknown. The purpose of this review is to investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation, and to identify relevant knowledge gaps in the field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and All EBM will be systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews of RCTs, comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo, usual care or other pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. One reviewer will assess articles for eligibility according to prespecified selection criteria, after which 2 independent reviewers will perform data extraction and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses will be conducted where appropriate. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required as no primary data is collected. This systematic review will identify potential clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation, and will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at conference meetings, to inform future research on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation for inflammation and inflammatory diseases. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016037104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Misso
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Scragg
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Grant WB, Whiting SJ, Schwalfenberg GK, Genuis SJ, Kimball SM. Estimated economic benefit of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Canadians to or above 100 nmol/L. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1248324. [PMID: 27942348 PMCID: PMC5129897 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2016.1248324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence from observational and clinical trials indicates that optimal vitamin D reduces the risk of many diseases. We used observational studies and recent data on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations of Canadians from Cycle 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey to estimate the reduction in disease incidence, mortality rates, and the total economic burden (direct plus indirect) of disease if 25(OH)D concentrations of all Canadians were raised to or above 100 nmol/L. Recently, the mean 25(OH)D concentration of Canadians varied depending on age and season (51-69 nmol/L), with an overall mean of 61 nmol/L. The diseases affected by 25(OH)D concentration included cancer, cardiovascular disease, dementia, diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, respiratory infections, and musculoskeletal disorders. We used 25(OH)D concentration-health outcome relations for breast cancer and cardiovascular disease and results of clinical trials with vitamin D for respiratory infections and musculoskeletal disorders to estimate the reductions in disease burden for increased 25(OH)D concentrations. If all Canadians attained 25(OH)D concentrations>100 nmol/L, the calculated reduction in annual economic burden of disease was $12.5 ± 6 billion on the basis of economic burdens for 2016 and a reduction in annual premature deaths by 23,000 (11,000-34,000) on the basis of rates for 2011. However, the effects on disease incidence, economic burden, and mortality rate would be phased in gradually over several years primarily because once a chronic disease is established, vitamin D affects its progression only modestly. Nevertheless, national policy changes are justified to improve vitamin D status of Canadians through promotion of safe sun exposure messages, vitamin D supplement use, and/or facilitation of food fortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan J. Whiting
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Stephen J. Genuis
- Faculty of Medicine at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Grant WB. The role of geographical ecological studies in identifying diseases linked to UVB exposure and/or vitamin D. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2016; 8:e1137400. [PMID: 27195055 PMCID: PMC4862381 DOI: 10.1080/19381980.2015.1137400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Using a variety of approaches, researchers have studied the health effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and vitamin D. This review compares the contributions from geographical ecological studies with those of observational studies and clinical trials. Health outcomes discussed were based on the author's knowledge and include anaphylaxis/food allergy, atopic dermatitis and eczema, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, back pain, cancer, dental caries, diabetes mellitus type 1, hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, mononucleosis, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis, and sepsis. Important interactions have taken place between study types; sometimes ecological studies were the first to report an inverse correlation between solar UVB doses and health outcomes such as for cancer, leading to both observational studies and clinical trials. In other cases, ecological studies added to the knowledge base. Many ecological studies include other important risk-modifying factors, thereby minimizing the chance of reporting the wrong link. Laboratory studies of mechanisms generally support the role of vitamin D in the outcomes discussed. Indications exist that for some outcomes, UVB effects may be independent of vitamin D. This paper discusses the concept of the ecological fallacy, noting that it applies to all epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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137
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Karras SN, Anagnostis P, Naughton D, Annweiler C, Petroczi A, Goulis DG. Vitamin D during pregnancy: why observational studies suggest deficiency and interventional studies show no improvement in clinical outcomes? A narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest 2015. [PMID: 26219612 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of studies have examined vitamin D status during pregnancy. Although data from observational studies denote vitamin D hypovitaminosis (deficiency or insufficiency) during pregnancy is associated with a plethora of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, data from interventional (supplementation) trials fail to reveal a significant impact on maternal and offspring health. The aim of this narrative review was to critically appraise the methodology of the most representative published randomized controlled trials in an attempt to explain the difference between observational and supplementation results. We found that this difference could be attributed to a variety of factors, namely: (i) study design (lack of a specific outcome in conjunction with timing of supplementation, enrolment of participants with heterogeneous vitamin D status); (ii) pitfalls in the interpretation of vitamin D equilibrium (lack of determination of plasma half-life); (iii) supplementation regimen (administration of a wide range of regimens, in terms of dose, bolus and form); (iv) geographical characteristics (vitamin D needs could vary significantly within a country, particularly in areas with a wide range of latitude gradient); (v) adaptations of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy (vitamin D and calcium equilibrium are changed during pregnancy compared with the non-pregnant state) and (vi) supplementation of populations with low baseline 25(OH)D values would likely manifest beneficial effects. All these parameters should be taken into consideration in the design of future vitamin D supplementation trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Karras
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - P Anagnostis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Naughton
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
| | - C Annweiler
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, UPRES EA 4638, University Hospital Angers, Angers, France
| | - A Petroczi
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
| | - D G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kiggundu DS, Mutebi E, Kibirige D, Boxer R, Kakande B, Kigozi BK, Katabira E. Vitamin D deficiency and its characteristics among patients with acute stroke at a national referral hospital in Kampala Uganda. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:53. [PMID: 26437924 PMCID: PMC4594645 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-015-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with acute stroke and other cardiovascular diseases in the developed world. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) has been described in some populations in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in spite of adequate sunshine all year round. There is no information on the magnitude of vitamin D deficiency among patients with stroke and other cardiovascular diseases in Uganda or SSA. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and characteristics of vitamin D deficiency among patients with acute stroke, the most common form of cardiovascular events in SSA. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study between October 2012 and March 2013. We consecutively recruited 142 subjects with acute stroke admitted to the medical wards of Mulago hospital. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire to the study participants, and did a detailed physical examination and laboratory evaluation. Serum levels of 25OHD were determined using an electrochemiluminescence assay. Data were analyzed using STATA version 12 software. RESULTS The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25OHD < 20 ng/ml) was 15 %. Longer hours of sunshine exposure decreased the likelihood vitamin D deficiency significantly (adjusted OR 0.85, p = 0.03). Higher HDL cholesterol had a significant inverse association with vitamin D deficiency (adjusted OR 0.15, p = 0.02). In addition, the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency increased with rising age (adjusted OR 1.03, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a relatively low burden of vitamin D deficiency among patients with acute stroke in Uganda. With increasing longevity and indoor lifestyles vitamin D deficiency may assume a greater role in stroke and other cardiovascular diseases in tropical sub Saharan Africa. Future studies on the mechanisms of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship to outcomes among patients with stroke may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Kiggundu
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Edrisa Mutebi
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Davis Kibirige
- Department of Medicine, Uganda Martyrs Hospital, Lubaga, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Rebecca Boxer
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | | | - Elly Katabira
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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Titmarsh HF, Gow AG, Kilpatrick S, Cartwright JA, Milne EM, Philbey AW, Berry J, Handel I, Mellanby RJ. Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Systemic and Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Dogs with a Chronic Enteropathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137377. [PMID: 26333093 PMCID: PMC4557950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D deficiency, as assessed by serum concentrations of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), has been linked to the development of over-zealous and inappropriate inflammation in humans. However, the relationship between vitamin D status and inflammation in dogs is ill-defined. Chronic enteropathies (CE) are frequently diagnosed in client owned dogs, have a wide range of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, and represent a spontaneous model in which to probe the relationship between vitamin D and inflammation. The hypothesis of this study was that vitamin D status would be negatively associated with systemic and gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs with a CE. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and markers of systemic and gastrointestinal inflammation in a cohort of dogs with CE. Methods and Materials Serum 25(OH)D concentrations, together with neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, duodenal histopathology scores, serum IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα concentrations and were measured in 39 dogs with histologically confirmed CE. A linear regression model examined the relationship between serum 25(OH)D status and measures of inflammation. Results Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were negatively associated with neutrophil and monocyte counts, duodenal histopathology scores and serum IL-2 and IL-8 concentrations. Dogs with low serum 25(OH)D concentrations typically had an inflammatory signature characterised by high monocyte and neutrophil numbers together with low lymphocyte numbers. There is a need to establish whether low vitamin D status is a cause or consequence of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen F. Titmarsh
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam G. Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Kilpatrick
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Cartwright
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Elspeth M. Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian W. Philbey
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Berry
- Vitamin D Research Laboratory, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Schöttker B, Brenner H. Vitamin D as a Resilience Factor, Helpful for Survival of Potentially Fatal Conditions: A Hypothesis Emerging from Recent Findings of the ESTHER Cohort Study and the CHANCES Consortium. Nutrients 2015; 7:3264-78. [PMID: 25954901 PMCID: PMC4446751 DOI: 10.3390/nu7053264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate on whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for major chronic diseases and premature death or whether observed associations were just confounded by general health status. Here, we review recent results from the Epidemiologische Studie zu Chancen der Verhütung, Früherkennung und optimierten Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen in der älteren Bevölkerung (ESTHER) cohort study and the Consortium on Heatlh and Ageing: Network of Cohorts from Europe and the United States (CHANCES) that suggest that vitamin D deficiency may not be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer but may be a risk factor for fatal instances of these diseases. Furthermore, analyses comprehensively adjusted for the health status showed that the association of vitamin D and mortality was very likely not confounded by general health status. These results suggest that vitamin D could be a marker of resilience to fatality of potentially fatal diseases. Sufficient vitamin D serum concentrations may be needed to regulate the response of the immune system when it is challenged by severe diseases to prevent a fatal course of the disease. If this hypothesis can be verified through basic research studies and adequately designed randomized controlled trials, it could have important public health implications because vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide, and interventions could be implemented easily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Schöttker
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vitamin D as an Immunomodulator: Risks with Deficiencies and Benefits of Supplementation. Healthcare (Basel) 2015; 3:219-32. [PMID: 27417758 PMCID: PMC4939543 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare3020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D refers to a class of fat-soluble secosteroids often associated with their role in absorption and metabolism of minerals such as calcium and phosphate. In recent years, our understanding of vitamin D has expanded to include its role in modulating the immune system. Of particular focus are the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on patients suffering from disorders due to dysregulation of the immune system. In patients with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, deficiencies in vitamin D have been associated with an increased risk of disease activity. In this review, we will look at the current state of research in regards to the relationship between vitamin D and immune-dysregulation. We will focus on both the risks associated with vitamin D deficiency as well as the benefits of vitamin D supplementation.
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