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Curtis GH, Reeve RE, Crespi EJ. Leptin signaling promotes blood vessel formation in the Xenopus tail during the embryo-larval transition. Dev Biol 2024; 512:26-34. [PMID: 38705558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The signals that regulate peripheral blood vessel formation during development are still under investigation. The hormone leptin promotes blood vessel formation, adipose tissue establishment and expansion, tumor growth, and wound healing, but the underlying mechanisms for these actions are currently unknown. We investigated whether leptin promotes angiogenesis in the developing tail fin using embryonic transgenic xflk-1:GFP Xenopus laevis, which express a green fluorescent protein on vascular endothelial cells to mark blood vessels. We found that leptin protein is expressed in endothelial cells of developing blood vessels and that leptin treatment via injection increased phosphorylated STAT3 signaling, which is indicative of leptin activation of its receptor, in blood vessels of the larval tail fin. Leptin administration via media increased vessel length, branching, and reconnection with the cardinal vein, while decreased leptin signaling via immunoneutralization had an opposing effect on vessel development. We also observed disorganization of major vessels and microvessels of the tail fin and muscle when leptin signaling was decreased. Reduced leptin signaling lowered mRNA expression of cenpk, gpx1, and mmp9, markers for cell proliferation, antioxidation, and extracellular matrix remodeling/cell migration, respectively, in the developing tail, providing insight into three possible mechanisms underlying leptin's promotion of angiogenesis. Together these results illustrate that leptin levels are correlated with embryonic angiogenesis and that leptin coordinates multiple aspects of blood vessel growth and development, showing that leptin is an important morphogen during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H Curtis
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164.
| | - Robyn E Reeve
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
| | - Erica J Crespi
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA, 99164
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102
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Peng JY, Fu X, Luo XY, Liu F, Zhang B, Zhou B, Sun K, Chen AF. Endothelial ELABELA improves post-ischemic angiogenesis by upregulating VEGFR2 expression. Transl Res 2024; 270:13-23. [PMID: 38548174 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-ischemic angiogenesis is critical for perfusion recovery and tissue repair. ELABELA (ELA) plays an essential role in embryonic heart development and vasculogenesis. However, the mechanism of ELA on post-ischemic angiogenesis is poorly characterized. METHODS We first assessed ELA expression after hind limb ischemia (HLI) in mice. We then established a HLI model in tamoxifen-inducible endothelial-ELA-specific knockout mice (ELAECKO) and assessed the rate of perfusion recovery, capillary density, and VEGFR2 pathway. Knockdown of ELA with lentivirus or siRNA and exogenous addition of ELA peptides were employed to analyze the effects of ELA on angiogenic capacity and VEGFR2 pathway in endothelial cells in vitro. The serum levels of ELA in healthy people and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) were detected by a commercial ELISA kit. RESULTS In murine HLI models, ELA was significantly up-regulated in the ischemic hindlimb. Endothelial-specific deletion of ELA impaired perfusion recovery and angiogenesis. In physiologic conditions, no significant difference in VEGFR2 expression was found between ELAECKO mice and ELAWT mice. After ischemia, the expression of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, and p-AKT was significantly lower in ELAECKO mice than in ELAWT mice. In cellular experiments, the knockdown of ELA inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation, and the addition of ELA peptides promoted proliferation and tube formation. Mechanistically, ELA upregulated the expression of VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, and p-AKT in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions. In clinical investigations, DFU patients had significantly lower serum levels of ELA compared to T2DM patients. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that endothelial ELA is a positive regulator of post-ischemic angiogenesis via upregulating VEGFR2 expression. Targeting ELA may be a potential therapeutic option for peripheral arterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Peng
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Child Healthcare, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Yang Luo
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- New Cornerstone Investigator Institute, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Diarra S, Ghosh S, Cissé L, Coulibaly T, Yalcouyé A, Harmison G, Diallo S, Diallo SH, Coulibaly O, Schindler A, Cissé CAK, Maiga AB, Bamba S, Samassekou O, Khokha MK, Mis EK, Lakhani SA, Donovan FX, Jacobson S, Blackstone C, Guinto CO, Landouré G, Bonifacino JS, Fischbeck KH, Grunseich C. AP2A2 mutation and defective endocytosis in a Malian family with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106537. [PMID: 38772452 PMCID: PMC11209852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) comprises a large group of neurogenetic disorders characterized by progressive lower extremity spasticity. Neurological evaluation and genetic testing were completed in a Malian family with early-onset HSP. Three children with unaffected consanguineous parents presented with symptoms consistent with childhood-onset complicated HSP. Neurological evaluation found lower limb weakness, spasticity, dysarthria, seizures, and intellectual disability. Brain MRI showed corpus callosum thinning with cortical and spinal cord atrophy, and an EEG detected slow background in the index patient. Whole exome sequencing identified a homozygous missense variant in the adaptor protein (AP) complex 2 alpha-2 subunit (AP2A2) gene. Western blot analysis showed reduced levels of AP2A2 in patient-iPSC derived neuronal cells. Endocytosis of transferrin receptor (TfR) was decreased in patient-derived neurons. In addition, we observed increased axon initial segment length in patient-derived neurons. Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles with ap2a2 knockout showed cerebral edema and progressive seizures. Immunoprecipitation of the mutant human AP-2-appendage alpha-C construct showed defective binding to accessory proteins. We report AP2A2 as a novel genetic entity associated with HSP and provide functional data in patient-derived neuron cells and a frog model. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism of HSP and improve the genetic diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Diarra
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lassana Cissé
- Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Thomas Coulibaly
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Abdoulaye Yalcouyé
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - George Harmison
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Oumar Coulibaly
- Service de Chirurgie Pédiatrique, CHU du Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali
| | - Alice Schindler
- Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cheick A K Cissé
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Alassane B Maiga
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Salia Bamba
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Samassekou
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily K Mis
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Yale University, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Steve Jacobson
- Neuroimmunology Division, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Movement Disorders Division, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medicine School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheick O Guinto
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Guida Landouré
- Université des Sciences, des Techniques, et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Neurogenetics Branch, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Service de Neurologie, CHU du Point "G", Bamako, Mali
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wang P, Su L, Cao L, Hu H, Wan H, Wu C, Zheng Y, Bao C, Liu X. AtSRT1 regulates flowering by regulating flowering integrators and energy signals in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108841. [PMID: 38879987 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications, such as histone alterations, play crucial roles in regulating the flowering process in Arabidopsis, a typical long-day model plant. Histone modifications are notably involved in the intricate regulation of FLC, a key inhibitor of flowering. Although sirtuin-like protein and NAD+-dependent deacetylases play an important role in regulating energy metabolism, plant stress responses, and hormonal signal transduction, the mechanisms underlying their developmental transitions remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to reveal how Arabidopsis NAD + -dependent deacetylase AtSRT1 affects flowering by regulating the expression of flowering integrators. Genetic and molecular evidence demonstrated that AtSRT1 mediates histone deacetylation by directly binding near the transcriptional start sites (TSS) of the flowering integrator genes FT and SOC1 and negatively regulating their expression by modulating the expression of the downstream gene LFY to inhibit flowering. Additionally, AtSRT1 directly down-regulates the expression of TOR, a glucose-driven central hub of energy signaling, which controls cell metabolism and growth in response to nutritional and environmental factors. This down-regulation occurs through binding near the TSS of TOR, facilitating the addition of H3K27me3 marks on FLC via the TOR-FIE-PRC2 pathway, further repressing flowering. These results uncover a multi-pathway regulatory network involving deacetylase AtSRT1 during the flowering process, highlighting its interaction with TOR as a hub for the coordinated regulation of energy metabolism and flowering initiation. These findings significantly enhance understanding of the complexity of histone modifications in the regulation of flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Lufang Su
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Lan Cao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Hanbing Hu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Heping Wan
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Chunhong Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Chun Bao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, PR China.
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105
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Pareek G, Kundu M. Physiological functions of ULK1/2. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168472. [PMID: 38311233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinases 1 and 2 (ULK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that are best known for their evolutionarily conserved role in the autophagy pathway. Upon sensing the nutrient status of a cell, ULK1/2 integrate signals from upstream cellular energy sensors such as mTOR and AMPK and relay them to the downstream components of the autophagy machinery. ULK1/2 also play indispensable roles in the selective autophagy pathway, removing damaged mitochondria, invading pathogens, and toxic protein aggregates. Additional functions of ULK1/2 have emerged beyond autophagy, including roles in protein trafficking, RNP granule dynamics, and signaling events impacting innate immunity, axon guidance, cellular homeostasis, and cell fate. Therefore, it is no surprise that alterations in ULK1/2 expression and activity have been linked with pathophysiological processes, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence suggests that ULK1/2 function as biological rheostats, tuning cellular functions to intra and extra-cellular cues. Given their broad physiological relevance, ULK1/2 are candidate targets for small molecule activators or inhibitors that may pave the way for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Pareek
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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106
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Huang H, Wang N, Lin JT, Qiu YK, Wu WF, Liu Q, Chen C, Wang HB, Liu YP, Dong W, Wan J, Zheng H, Zhou CH, Wu YQ. Repeated Ketamine Anesthesia during the Neonatal Period Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Long-Term Neurocognitive Function by Inhibiting Mfn2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion in Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5459-5480. [PMID: 38200350 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of ketamine-induced neurotoxicity development remains elusive. Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics play a critical role in regulating neurogenesis. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate whether mitochondrial dynamics were involved in ketamine-induced impairment of neurogenesis in neonatal rats and long-term synaptic plasticity dysfunction. In the in vivo study, postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 40 mg/kg ketamine for four consecutive times at 1 h intervals. The present findings revealed that ketamine induced mitochondrial fusion dysfunction in hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) by downregulating Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression. In the in vitro study, ketamine treatment at 100 μM for 6 h significantly decreased the Mfn2 expression, and increased ROS generation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels in cultured hippocampal NSCs. For the interventional study, lentivirus (LV) overexpressing Mfn2 (LV-Mfn2) or control LV vehicle was microinjected into the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) 4 days before ketamine administration. Targeted Mfn2 overexpression in the DG region could restore mitochondrial fusion in NSCs and reverse the inhibitory effect of ketamine on NSC proliferation and its faciliatory effect on neuronal differentiation. In addition, synaptic plasticity was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, Golgi-Cox staining and long-term potentiation (LTP) recordings at 24 h after the end of the behavioral test. Preconditioning with LV-Mfn2 improved long-term cognitive dysfunction after repeated neonatal ketamine exposure by reversing the inhibitory effect of ketamine on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal DG. The present findings demonstrated that Mfn2-mediated mitochondrial fusion dysfunction plays a critical role in the impairment of long-term neurocognitive function and synaptic plasticity caused by repeated neonatal ketamine exposure by interfering with hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, Mfn2 might be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of the developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia-Tao Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Kang Qiu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Cheng-Hua Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yu-Qing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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107
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Nguyen BA, Alexander MR, Harrison DG. Immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:530-540. [PMID: 38658669 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite current anti-hypertensive therapies, most individuals with hypertension fail to achieve adequate blood pressure control. Moreover, even with adequate control, a residual risk of cardiovascular events and associated organ damage remains. These findings suggest that current treatment modalities are not addressing a key element of the underlying pathology. Emerging evidence implicates immune cells as key mediators in the development and progression of hypertension. In this Review, we discuss our current understanding of the diverse roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in hypertension, highlighting key findings from human and rodent studies. We explore mechanisms by which these immune cells promote hypertensive pathophysiology, shedding light on their multifaceted involvement. In addition, we highlight advances in our understanding of autoimmunity, HIV and immune checkpoints that provide valuable insight into mechanisms of chronic and dysregulated inflammation in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew R Alexander
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G Harrison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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108
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Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Yang Q, Bai J, Yang C, Zhang ZR, Liu Y. USP20 deubiquitinates and stabilizes the reticulophagy receptor RETREG1/FAM134B to drive reticulophagy. Autophagy 2024; 20:1780-1797. [PMID: 38705724 PMCID: PMC11262213 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2347103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as a hub for various cellular processes, and maintaining ER homeostasis is essential for cell function. Reticulophagy is a selective process that removes impaired ER subdomains through autophagy-mediatedlysosomal degradation. While the involvement of ubiquitination in autophagy regulation is well-established, its role in reticulophagy remains unclear. In this study, we screened deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved in reticulophagy and identified USP20 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 20) as a key regulator of reticulophagy under starvation conditions. USP20 specifically cleaves K48- and K63-linked ubiquitin chains on the reticulophagy receptor RETREG1/FAM134B (reticulophagy regulator 1), thereby stabilizing the substrate and promoting reticulophagy. Remarkably, despite lacking a transmembrane domain, USP20 is recruited to the ER through its interaction with VAPs (VAMP associated proteins). VAPs facilitate the recruitment of early autophagy proteins, including WIPI2 (WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2), to specific ER subdomains, where USP20 and RETREG1 are enriched. The recruitment of WIPI2 and other proteins in this process plays a crucial role in facilitating RETREG1-mediated reticulophagy in response to nutrient deprivation. These findings highlight the critical role of USP20 in maintaining ER homeostasis by deubiquitinating and stabilizing RETREG1 at distinct ER subdomains, where USP20 further recruits VAPs and promotes efficient reticulophagy.Abbreviations: ACTB actin beta; ADRB2 adrenoceptor beta 2; AMFR/gp78 autocrine motility factor receptor; ATG autophagy related; ATL3 atlastin GTPase 3; BafA1 bafilomycin A1; BECN1 beclin 1; CALCOCO1 calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1; CCPG1 cell cycle progression 1; DAPI 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DTT dithiothreitol; DUB deubiquitinating enzyme; EBSS Earle's Balanced Salt Solution; FFAT two phenylalanines (FF) in an acidic tract; GABARAP GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GFP green fluorescent protein; HMGCR 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; IL1B interleukin 1 beta; LIR LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; PIK3C3/Vps34 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; RB1CC1/FIP200 RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RETREG1/FAM134B reticulophagy regulator 1; RFP red fluorescent protein; RHD reticulon homology domain; RIPK1 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RTN3L reticulon 3 long isoform; SEC61B SEC61 translocon subunit beta; SEC62 SEC62 homolog, preprotein translocation factor; SIM super-resolution structured illumination microscopy; SNAI2 snail family transcriptional repressor 2; SQSTM1/p62 sequestosome 1; STING1/MITA stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1; STX17 syntaxin 17; TEX264 testis expressed 264, ER-phagy receptor; TNF tumor necrosis factor; UB ubiquitin; ULK1 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; USP20 ubiquitin specific peptidase 20; USP33 ubiquitin specific peptidase 33; VAMP8 vesicle associated membrane protein 8; VAPs VAMP associated proteins; VMP1 vacuole membrane protein 1; WIPI2 WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; ZFYVE1/DFCP1 zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangshun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieyun Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiwei Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zai-Rong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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109
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Yang Y, Guan W, Sheng XM, Gu HJ. Role of Semaphorin 3A in common psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116358. [PMID: 38857830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
With societal development and an ageing population, psychiatric disorders have become a common cause of severe and long-term disability and socioeconomic burdens worldwide. Semaphorin 3A (Sema-3A) is a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the semaphorin family. Sema-3A is well known as an axon guidance factor in the neuronal system and a potent immunoregulator at all stages of the immune response. It is reported to have various biological functions and is involved in many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, angiocardiopathy, osteoporosis, and tumorigenesis. The signals of sema-3A involved in the pathogenesis of these conditions, are transduced through its cognate receptors and diverse downstream signalling pathways. An increasing number of studies show that sema-3A plays important roles in synaptic and dendritic development, which are closely associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, and autism, suggesting the involvement of sema-3A in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. This indicates that mutations in sema-3A and alterations in its receptors and signalling may compromise neurodevelopment and predispose patients to these disorders. However, the role of sema-3A in psychiatric disorders, particularly in regulating neurodevelopment, remains elusive. In this review, we summarise the recent progress in understanding sema-3A in the pathogenesis of mental diseases and highlight sema-3A as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nantong University, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Sheng
- Department of Trauma Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Hai-Juan Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University/Nantong Tumor Hospital, China.
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110
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Wei J, Qiu D, Yang X, Wang J, Shi M, Sun L, Lu X, Wang C, Liu H, Li R. Unraveling the role of sulfiredoxin-1 in early-onset preeclampsia: A key player in trophoblast ferroptosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 164:104273. [PMID: 38852489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) significantly contributes to obstetric complications and maternal mortality, yet its pathogenesis and mechanisms are not well understood. Sulfiredoxin-1 (SRXN1) is known for its antioxidant activity and its role in defending against oxidative stress; it is also linked to various cancers. However, the role of SRXN1 in PE remains unclear. Our study found a significant decrease in SRXN1 levels in the serum and placental tissues of patients with early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE). Similarly, a PE-like mouse model showed reduced SRXN1 expression. Our in vitro experiments showed that reducing SRXN1 impaired trophoblast viability, decreased invasion and migration, and led to cell death, primarily through ferroptosis. These results are consistent with analyses of placental tissues from EOPE patients. In summary, lower SRXN1 levels during pregnancy contribute to trophoblast ferroptosis, potentially affecting the development and progression of EOPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Di Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Meiting Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xinyao Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan 523945, China.
| | - Haizhi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ruiman Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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111
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Kwiatkowski M, Wong A, Fiderewicz A, Gehring C, Jaworski K. A SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit functions as a molecular tuner. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114146. [PMID: 38763313 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic processes in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are often modulated by kinases which are in turn, dependent on Ca2+ and the cyclic mononucleotides cAMP and cGMP. It has been established that some proteins have both kinase and cyclase activities and that active cyclases can be embedded within the kinase domains. Here, we identified phosphodiesterase (PDE) sites, enzymes that hydrolyse cAMP and cGMP, to AMP and GMP, respectively, in some of these proteins in addition to their kinase/cyclase twin-architecture. As an example, we tested the Arabidopsis thaliana KINγ, a subunit of the SnRK2 kinase, to demonstrate that all three enzymatic centres, adenylate cyclase (AC), guanylate cyclase (GC) and PDE, are catalytically active, capable of generating and hydrolysing cAMP and cGMP. These data imply that the signal output of the KINγ subunit modulates SnRK2, consequently affecting the downstream kinome. Finally, we propose a model where a single protein subunit, KINγ, is capable of regulating cyclic mononucleotide homeostasis, thereby tuning stimulus specific signal output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China; Research Center for Integrative Plant Sciences, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Wenzhou, 325060, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Adam Fiderewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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112
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Zhu B, Cen Z, Chen Y, Shang K, Zhai J, Han M, Wang J, Chen Z, Wei T, Han Z. α-Pyrone mediates quorum sensing through the conservon system in Nocardiopsis sp. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127767. [PMID: 38776619 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Actinobacteria produce a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites that are often regulated by quorum-sensing signaling molecules via specific binding to their cognate TetR-type receptors. Here, we identified monocyclic α-pyrone as a new class of actinobacterial signaling molecules influencing quorum sensing process in Nocardiopsis sp. LDBS0036, primarily evidenced by a significant reduction in the production of phenazines in the pyrone-null mutant compared to the wild-type strain. Exogenous addition of the α-pyrone can partially restore the expression of some pathways to the wild strain level. Moreover, a unique multicomponent system referred to as a conservon, which is widespread in actinobacteria and generally contains four or five functionally conserved proteins, may play an important role in detecting and transmitting α-pyrone signals in LDBS0036. We found the biosynthetic gene clusters of α-pyrone and their associated conservon genes are highly conserved in Nocardiopsis, indicating the widespread prevalence and significant function of this regulate mechanism within Nocardiopsis genus. Furthermore, homologous α-pyrones from different actinobacterial species were also found to mediate interspecies communication. Our results thus provide insights into a novel quorum-sensing signaling system and imply that various modes of bacterial communication remain undiscovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Zhu
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziyun Cen
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiqiu Chen
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Ji'an Zhai
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meigui Han
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
| | - Taoshu Wei
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuang Han
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China.
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113
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Hanada K. Metabolic channeling of lipids via the contact zones between different organelles. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400045. [PMID: 38932642 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Various lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) mediate the inter-organelle transport of lipids. By working at membrane contact zones between donor and acceptor organelles, LTPs achieve rapid and accurate inter-organelle transfer of lipids. This article will describe the emerging paradigm that the action of LTPs at organelle contact zones generates metabolic channeling events in lipid metabolism, mainly referring to how ceramide synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum is preferentially metabolized to sphingomyelin in the distal Golgi region, how cholesterol and phospholipids receive specific metabolic reactions in mitochondria, and how the hijacking of host LTPs by intracellular pathogens may generate new channeling-like events. In addition, the article will discuss how the function of LTPs is regulated, exemplified by a few representative LTP systems, and will briefly touch on experiments that will be necessary to establish the paradigm that LTP-mediated inter-organelle transport of lipids is one of the mechanisms of compartmentalization-based metabolic channeling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hanada
- Center for Quality Management Systems, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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114
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Mousavikia SN, Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H. Exosomes: Their role in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and treatment of glioblastoma. Life Sci 2024; 350:122743. [PMID: 38806071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Darvish
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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115
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Cui X, Fan X, Xu S, Wang S, Niu F, Zhao P, Yang B, Liu W, Guo X, Jiang YQ. WRKY47 transcription factor modulates leaf senescence through regulating PCD-associated genes in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108805. [PMID: 38861819 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors play crucial roles in almost all physiological processes including leaf senescence. Cell death is a typical symptom appearing in senescing leaves, which is also classified as developmental programmed cell death (PCD). However, the link between PCD and leaf senescence still remains unclear. Here, we found a WRKY transcription factor WRKY47 positively modulates age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). WRKY47 was expressed preferentially in senescing leaves. A subcellular localization assay indicated that WRKY47 was exclusively localized in nuclei. Overexpression of WRKY47 showed precocious leaf senescence, with less chlorophyll content and higher electrolyte leakage, but loss-of-function mutants of WRKY47 delayed this biological process. Through qRT-PCR and dual luciferase reporter assays, we found that WRKY47 could activate the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) and PCD-associated genes to regulate leaf senescence. Furthermore, through electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR, WRKY47 was found to bind to W-box fragments in promoter regions of BFN1 (Bifunctional Nuclease 1) and MC6 (Metacaspase 6) directly. In general, our research revealed that WRKY47 regulates age-dependent leaf senescence by activating the transcription of two PCD-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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116
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Lotfizadeh F, Masoudi AA, Vaez Torshizi R, Emrani H. Genome-wide association study of copy number variations with shank traits in a F 2 crossbred chicken population. Anim Genet 2024; 55:559-574. [PMID: 38764135 DOI: 10.1111/age.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are large-scale changes in the DNA sequence that can affect the genetic structure and phenotype of an organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the existing CNVs and their associations with the shank diameter (ShD) and shank length (ShL) traits using data from an F2 crossbred chicken population. To carry out the study, 312 chickens were genotyped using the Illumina 60k SNP Beadchip. The shank traits of the birds were measured from day 1 to 12 weeks of age. penncnv and cnvruler tools were used to find copy numbers and regions with copy number changes (CNVR), respectively. The CNVRanger package was used to perform a genome-wide association study between shank traits and CNVs. Gene ontology research in CNVRs was carried out using the david database. In this investigation, 966 CNVs and 606 regions with copy number changes were discovered. The copy number states and variations were randomly distributed along the length of the autosomal chromosomes. Weeks 1-4, 9 and 12 of growth revealed a significant association of copy number variations with shank traits, false discovery rate (FDR-corrected p-value < 0.01), and the majority of CNVs that were statistically significant were found on chromosomes 1-3. These CNV segments are nearby genes such as KCNJ12, FGF6 and MYF5, which are fundamental to growth and development. In addition, gene set analyses revealed terms related to muscle physiology, regulation of cellular processes and potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Lotfizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Masoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Emrani
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
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117
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Deretic V, Duque T, Trosdal E, Paddar M, Javed R, Akepati P. Membrane atg8ylation in Canonical and Noncanonical Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168532. [PMID: 38479594 PMCID: PMC11260254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Membrane atg8ylation is a homeostatic process responding to membrane remodeling and stress signals. Membranes are atg8ylated by mammalian ATG8 ubiquitin-like proteins through a ubiquitylation-like cascade. A model has recently been put forward which posits that atg8ylation of membranes is conceptually equivalent to ubiquitylation of proteins. Like ubiquitylation, membrane atg8ylation involves E1, E2 and E3 enzymes. The E3 ligases catalyze the final step of atg8ylation of aminophospholipids in membranes. Until recently, the only known E3 ligase for membrane atg8ylation was ATG16L1 in a noncovalent complex with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate. ATG16L1 was first identified as a factor in canonical autophagy. During canonical autophagy, the ATG16L1-based E3 ligase complex includes WIPI2, which in turn recognizes phosphatidylinositiol 3-phosphate and directs atg8ylation of autophagic phagophores. As an alternative to WIPIs, binding of ATG16L1 to the proton pump V-ATPase guides atg8ylation of endolysosomal and phagosomal membranes in response to lumenal pH changes. Recently, a new E3 complex containing TECPR1 instead of ATG16L1, has been identified that responds to sphingomyelin's presence on the cytofacial side of perturbed endolysosomal membranes. In present review, we cover the principles of membrane atg8ylation, catalog its various presentations, and provide a perspective on the growing repertoire of E3 ligase complexes directing membrane atg8ylation at diverse locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Thabata Duque
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar Trosdal
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Masroor Paddar
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Prithvi Akepati
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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118
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Cheng X, Baki VB, Moran M, Liu B, Yu J, Zhao M, Li Q, Riethoven JJ, Gurumurth CB, Harris EN, Sun X. Liver matrin-3 protects mice against hepatic steatosis and stress response via constitutive androstane receptor. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101977. [PMID: 38936659 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) continues to rise with the increasing obesity epidemic. Rezdiffra as an activator of a thyroid hormone receptor-beta is the only Food and Drug Administration approved therapy. As such, there is a critical need to improve our understanding of gene expression regulation and signaling transduction in MASLD to develop new therapies. Matrin-3 is a DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Here we examined its previously uncharacterized role in limiting hepatic steatosis and stress response via the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). METHODS Matrin-3 floxed and liver-specific knockout mice were fed either a chow diet or 60 kcal% high-fat diet (HFD) for up to 16 weeks. The mice were euthanized for different analysis including liver histology, lipid levels, and gene expression. Bulk RNA-seq, bulk ATAC-seq, and single-nucleus Multiome were used to examine changes of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in the liver. Integrative bioinformatics analysis of our data and publicly available datasets and different biochemical assays were performed to identify underlying the molecular mechanisms mediating matrin-3's effects. Liver-tropic adeno-associated virus was used to restore the expression of CAR for lipid, acute phase genes, and histological analysis. RESULTS Matrin-3 expression is induced in the steatotic livers of mice. Liver-specific matrin-3 deletion exacerbated HFD-induced steatosis, acute phase response, and inflammation in the liver of female mice. The transcriptome and chromatin accessibility were re-programmed in the liver of these mice with signatures indicating that CAR signaling is dysregulated. Mechanistically, matrin-3 interacts with CAR mRNA, and matrin-3 deficiency promotes CAR mRNA degradation. Consequently, matrin-3 deletion impaired CAR signaling by reducing CAR expression. Matrin-3 levels positively correlate with CAR expression in human livers. Ces2a and Il1r1 were identified as new target genes of CAR. Interestingly, we found that CAR discords with the expression of its target genes including Cyp2b10 and Ces2a in response to HFD, indicating CAR signaling is dysregulated by HFD despite increased CAR expression. Dysregulated CAR signaling upon matrin-3 deficiency reduced Ces2a and de-repressed Il1r1 expression. CAR restoration partially abrogated the dysregulated gene expression, exacerbated hepatic steatosis, acute phase response, and inflammation in liver-specific matrin-3 knockout mice fed a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that matrin-3 is a key upstream regulator maintaining CAR signaling upon metabolic stress, and the matrin-3-CAR axis limits hepatic steatosis and stress response signaling that may give insights for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Vijaya Bhaskar Baki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Matthew Moran
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Baolong Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0922, USA
| | - Jiujiu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 230 Filley Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0922, USA
| | - Miaoyun Zhao
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jean-Jack Riethoven
- Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USA
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Beadle Center, 1901 Vine St, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication (NCIBC), University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for the Prevention of Obesity Diseases through Dietary Molecules, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, USA.
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Li W, Yang Y, Zhuo F, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhang W, Huang C, Yu B. Paxbp1 is indispensable for the maintenance of peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis. Immunology 2024; 172:641-652. [PMID: 38750609 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The size and condition of the peripheral CD4 T cell population determine the capacity of the immune response. Under homeostatic conditions, the size of the peripheral CD4 T cell population is maintained through turnover and survival. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. Here, we observed a significant decrease in the percentage of CD4 T cells in the periphery following the targeted deletion of the Paxbp1 gene in mouse T cells. In the absence of Paxbp1, naïve CD4 T cells displayed reduced surface interleukin-7 receptor levels and a decreased capacity to respond to survival signals mediated by interleukin-7. In addition, naïve CD4 T cells deficient in Paxbp1 demonstrated impaired T cell antigen receptor signalling, compromised cell cycle entry, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis following stimulation, all of which contributed to the reduction in the number of peripheral CD4 T cells. Therefore, our study highlights the indispensable role of Paxbp1 in maintaining peripheral CD4 T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhuo
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shenglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Shenzhen Peking University - The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Esposito A, Pepe S, Cerullo MS, Cortese K, Semini HT, Giovedì S, Guerrini R, Benfenati F, Falace A, Fassio A. ATP6V1A is required for synaptic rearrangements and plasticity in murine hippocampal neurons. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14186. [PMID: 38837572 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Understanding the physiological role of ATP6V1A, a component of the cytosolic V1 domain of the proton pump vacuolar ATPase, in regulating neuronal development and function. METHODS Modeling loss of function of Atp6v1a in primary murine hippocampal neurons and studying neuronal morphology and function by immunoimaging, electrophysiological recordings and electron microscopy. RESULTS Atp6v1a depletion affects neurite elongation, stabilization, and function of excitatory synapses and prevents synaptic rearrangement upon induction of plasticity. These phenotypes are due to an overall decreased expression of the V1 subunits, that leads to impairment of lysosomal pH-regulation and autophagy progression with accumulation of aberrant lysosomes at neuronal soma and of enlarged vacuoles at synaptic boutons. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a physiological role of ATP6V1A in the surveillance of synaptic integrity and plasticity and highlight the pathophysiological significance of ATP6V1A loss in the alteration of synaptic function that is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. The data further support the pivotal involvement of lysosomal function and autophagy flux in maintaining proper synaptic connectivity and adaptive neuronal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Pepe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Sabina Cerullo
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Cortese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Giovedì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Children's Hospital A. Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Falace
- Children's Hospital A. Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto "Giannina Gaslini", Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Fassio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Quiniou G, Andromaque L, Duclaux-Loras R, Dinet O, Cervantes O, Verdet M, Meunier C, Boschetti G, Viret C, Nancey S, Faure M, Rozières A. Impaired reprogramming of the autophagy flux in maturing dendritic cells from crohn disease patients with core autophagy gene-related polymorphisms. Autophagy 2024; 20:1837-1853. [PMID: 38615686 PMCID: PMC11262231 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2338574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease whose pathogenesis involves inappropriate immune responses toward gut microbiota on genetically predisposed backgrounds. Notably, CD is associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms affecting several genes involved in macroautophagy/autophagy, the catabolic process that ensures the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components and microorganisms. In a clinical translation perspective, monitoring the autophagic activity of CD patients will require some knowledge on the intrinsic functional status of autophagy. Here, we focused on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) to characterize the intrinsic quantitative features of the autophagy flux. Starting with DCs from healthy donors, we documented a reprogramming of the steady state flux during the transition from the immature to mature status: both the autophagosome pool size and the flux were diminished at the mature stage while the autophagosome turnover remained stable. At the cohort level, DCs from CD patients were comparable to control in term of autophagy flux reprogramming capacity. However, the homozygous presence of ATG16L1 rs2241880 A>G (T300A) and ULK1 rs12303764 (G/T) polymorphisms abolished the capacity of CD patient DCs to reprogram their autophagy flux during maturation. This effect was not seen in the case of CD patients heterozygous for these polymorphisms, revealing a gene dose dependency effect. In contrast, the NOD2 rs2066844 c.2104C>T (R702W) polymorphism did not alter the flux reprogramming capacity of DCs. The data, opening new clinical translation perspectives, indicate that polymorphisms affecting autophagy-related genes can differentially influence the capacity of DCs to reprogram their steady state autophagy flux when exposed to proinflammatory challenges.Abbreviation: BAFA1: bafilomycin A1, CD: Crohn disease; DC: dendritic cells; HD: healthy donor; iDCs: immature DCs; IL: interleukin; J: autophagosome flux; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; nA: autophagosome pool size; SNPs: single-nucleotide polymorphisms; PCA: principal component analysis; TLR: toll like receptor; τ: transition time; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Quiniou
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Leslie Andromaque
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Rémi Duclaux-Loras
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Océane Dinet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Ornella Cervantes
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Mallorie Verdet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Meunier
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud university hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud university hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lyon-Sud university hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, France
| | - Aurore Rozières
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France
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Jin Y, Christenson ES, Zheng L, Li K. Neutrophils in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: bridging preclinical insights to clinical prospects for improved therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:945-958. [PMID: 38690749 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2348605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system, playing a pivotal role in the PDAC immune microenvironment. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive survey of the pivotal involvement of neutrophils in the tumorigenesis and progression of PDAC. Furthermore, it synthesizes preclinical and clinical explorations aimed at targeting neutrophils within the milieu of PDAC, subsequently proposing a conceptual framework to propel further inquiry focused on enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of PDAC through neutrophil-targeted strategies. PubMed and Web of Science databases were utilized for researching neutrophils in pancreatic cancer publications prior to 2024. EXPERT OPINION Neutrophils play roles in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils and their complex relationships with other immune cells and extracellular matrix also provide new insights for immunotherapy targeting neutrophils to achieve a better prognosis for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Eric S Christenson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Cancer Convergence Institute at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keyu Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li J, Huang X, An Y, Chen X, Chen Y, Xu M, Shan H, Zhang M. The role of snapin in regulation of brain homeostasis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1696-1701. [PMID: 38103234 PMCID: PMC10960280 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain homeostasis refers to the normal working state of the brain in a certain period, which is important for overall health and normal life activities. Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment methods for the adverse consequences caused by brain homeostasis imbalance. Snapin is a protein that assists in the formation of neuronal synapses and plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of synapses. Recently, many researchers have reported the association between snapin and neurologic and psychiatric disorders, demonstrating that snapin can improve brain homeostasis. Clinical manifestations of brain disease often involve imbalances in brain homeostasis and may lead to neurological and behavioral sequelae. This article aims to explore the role of snapin in restoring brain homeostasis after injury or diseases, highlighting its significance in maintaining brain homeostasis and treating brain diseases. Additionally, it comprehensively discusses the implications of snapin in other extracerebral diseases such as diabetes and viral infections, with the objective of determining the clinical potential of snapin in maintaining brain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yumei An
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xueshi Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiyang Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, China
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yu Y, Jiang Y, Glandorff C, Sun M. Exploring the mystery of tumor metabolism: Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolism fighting side by side. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111239. [PMID: 38815642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic reconfiguration of tumor cells constitutes a pivotal aspect of tumor proliferation and advancement. This study delves into two primary facets of tumor metabolism: the Warburg effect and mitochondrial metabolism, elucidating their contributions to tumor dominance. The Warburg effect facilitates efficient energy acquisition by tumor cells through aerobic glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation, offering metabolic advantages conducive to growth and proliferation. Simultaneously, mitochondrial metabolism, serving as the linchpin of sustained tumor vitality, orchestrates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain, furnishing a steadfast and dependable wellspring of biosynthesis for tumor cells. Regarding targeted therapy, this discourse examines extant strategies targeting tumor glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, underscoring their potential efficacy in modulating tumor metabolism while envisaging future research trajectories and treatment paradigms in the realm of tumor metabolism. By means of a thorough exploration of tumor metabolism, this study aspires to furnish crucial insights into the regulation of tumor metabolic processes, thereby furnishing valuable guidance for the development of novel therapeutic modalities. This comprehensive deliberation is poised to catalyze advancements in tumor metabolism research and offer novel perspectives and pathways for the formulation of cancer treatment strategies in the times ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Yu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulang Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Christian Glandorff
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; University Clinic of Hamburg at the HanseMerkur Center of TCM, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Hou X, Zhu C, Yang Q, Li K, Fan L, Zhang X, Jiang X, Jin X, Lei H, Chen T, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Song J. CRHR1 antagonist alleviated depression-like behavior by downregulating p62 in a rat model of post-stroke depression. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114822. [PMID: 38823676 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a complication of cerebrovascular disease, which can increase mortality after stroke. CRH is one of the main signaling peptides released after activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress. It affects synaptic plasticity by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy in the central nervous system. And the loss of spines exacerbates depression-like behavior. Therefore, synaptic deficits induced by CRH may be related to post-stroke depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The Keap1-Nrf2 complex is one of the core components of the antioxidant response. As an autophagy associated protein, p62 participates in the Keap1-NrF2 pathway through its Keap1 interaction domain. Oxidative stress is involved in the feedback regulation between Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and p62.However, whether the relationship between CRH and the Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway is involved in PSD remains unknown. This study found that serum levels of CRH in 22 patients with PSD were higher than those in healthy subjects. We used MCAO combined with CUMS single-cage SD rats to establish an animal model of PSD. Animal experiments showed that CRHR1 antagonist prevented synaptic loss in the hippocampus of PSD rats and alleviated depression-like behavior. CRH induced p62 accumulation in the prefrontal cortex of PSD rats through CRHR1. CRHR1 antagonist inhibited Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway by attenuating oxidative stress. In addition, we found that abnormal accumulation of p62 induces PSD. It alleviates depression-like behavior by inhibiting the expression of p62 and promoting the clearance of p62 in PSD rats. These findings can help explore the pathogenesis of PSD and design targeted treatments for PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Qianling Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Kun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lifei Fan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xinhui Jiang
- The Third People's Hospital of Luoyang, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Hao Lei
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Jinggui Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.
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Bairos JA, Njoku U, Zafar M, Akl MG, Li L, Parlakgul G, Arruda AP, Widenmaier SB. Sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT/ACAT) activity is required to form cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159512. [PMID: 38761895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excess cholesterol storage can induce the formation of cholesterol crystals in hepatocyte lipid droplets. Such crystals distinguish metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) from simple steatosis and may underlie its pathogenesis by causing cell damage that triggers liver inflammation. The mechanism linking cholesterol excess to its crystallization in lipid droplets is unclear. As cholesteryl esters localize to and accumulate in lipid droplets more readily than unesterified free cholesterol, we investigated whether cholesterol esterification by sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT), also known as acyl co-A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), is required for hepatocyte lipid droplet crystal formation. METHOD Cholesterol crystals were measured in cholesterol loaded Hep3B hepatocytes, RAW264.7 macrophages, and mouse liver using polarizing light microscopy. We examined the effect of blocking SOAT activity on crystal formation and compared these results to features of cholesterol metabolism and the progression to intracellular crystal deposits. RESULTS Cholesterol loading of Hep3B cells caused robust levels of lipid droplet localized crystal formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Co-treatment with SOAT inhibitors and genetic ablation of SOAT1 blocked crystal formation. SOAT inhibitor also blocked crystal formation in low density lipoprotein (LDL) treated Hep3B cells, acetylated LDL treated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and in the liver of mice genetically predisposed to hepatic cholesterol overload and in mice with cholesterol enriched diet-induced MASH. CONCLUSION SOAT1-mediated esterification may underlie cholesterol crystals associated with MASH by concentrating it in lipid droplets. These findings imply that inhibiting hepatocyte SOAT1 may be able to alleviate cholesterol associated MASH. Moreover, that either a lipid droplet localized cholesteryl ester hydrolase is required for cholesterol crystal formation, or the crystals are composed of cholesteryl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Bairos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Uche Njoku
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Maria Zafar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - May G Akl
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gunes Parlakgul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott B Widenmaier
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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127
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Niri P, Saha A, Polopalli S, Kumar M, Das S, Chattopadhyay P. Role of biomarkers and molecular signaling pathways in acute lung injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024; 38:640-657. [PMID: 38279523 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. When pathogens invade the lungs, the immune system responds by producing cytokines, chemokines, and interferons to promote the infiltration of phagocytic cells, which are essential for pathogen clearance. Their excess production causes an overactive immune response and a pathological hyper-inflammatory state, which leads to ALI. Until now, there is no particular pharmaceutical treatment available for ALI despite known inflammatory mediators like neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). OBJECTIVES Therefore, the primary objective of this review is to provide the clear overview on the mechanisms controlling NETs, ROS formation, and other relevant processes during the pathogenesis of ALI. In addition, we have discussed the significance of epithelial and endothelial damage indicators and several molecular signaling pathways associated with ALI. METHODS The literature review was done from Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar for ALI, NETs, ROS, inflammation, biomarkers, Toll- and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, alveolar damage, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial/endothelial damage alone or in combination. RESULTS This review summarized the main clinical signs of ALI, including the regulation and distinct function of epithelial and endothelial biomarkers, NETs, ROS, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). CONCLUSION However, no particular drugs including vaccine for ALI has been established. Furthermore, there is a lack of validated diagnostic tools and a poor predictive rationality of current therapeutic biomarkers. Hence, extensive and precise research is required to speed up the process of drug testing and development by the application of artificial intelligence technologies, structure-based drug design, in-silico approaches, and drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakter Niri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Subramanyam Polopalli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, India
| | - Sanghita Das
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Tezpur, 784 001, India
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128
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Isola D, Elazar Z. Phospholipid Supply for Autophagosome Biogenesis. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168691. [PMID: 38944336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway where double-membrane autophagosomes form de novo to engulf cytoplasmic material destined for lysosomal degradation. This process requires regulated membrane remodeling, beginning with the initial autophagosomal precursor and progressing to its elongation and maturation into a fully enclosed, fusion-capable vesicle. While the core protein machinery involved in autophagosome formation has been extensively studied over the past two decades, the role of phospholipids in this process has only recently been studied. This review focuses on the phospholipid composition of the phagophore membrane and the mechanisms that supply lipids to expand this unique organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Isola
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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129
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Perez White BE, Cable CJ, Shi B, Ventrella R, Kaplan N, Kobeissi A, Higuchi Y, Balu A, Murphy ZR, Kumar P, Getsios S. Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EPHA2 Drives Epidermal Differentiation through Regulation of EGFR Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1798-1807.e1. [PMID: 38520417 PMCID: PMC11260533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Intricate signaling systems are required to maintain homeostasis and promote differentiation in the epidermis. Receptor tyrosine kinases are central in orchestrating these systems in epidermal keratinocytes. In particular, EPHA2 and EGFR transduce distinct signals to dictate keratinocyte fate, yet how these cell communication networks are integrated has not been investigated. Our work shows that loss of EPHA2 impairs keratinocyte stratification, differentiation, and barrier function. To determine the mechanism of this dysfunction, we drew from our proteomics data of potential EPHA2 interacting proteins. We identified EGFR as a high-ranking EPHA2 interactor and subsequently validated this interaction. We found that when EPHA2 is reduced, EGFR activation and downstream signaling are intensified and sustained. Evidence indicates that prolonged SRC association contributes to the increase in EGFR signaling. We show that hyperactive EGFR signaling underlies the differentiation defect caused by EPHA2 knockdown because EGFR inhibition restores differentiation in EPHA2-deficient 3-dimensional skin organoids. Our data implicate a mechanism whereby EPHA2 restrains EGFR signaling, allowing for fine tuning in the processes of terminal differentiation and barrier formation. Taken together, we purport that crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases EPHA2 and EGFR is critical for epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany E Perez White
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Calvin J Cable
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bo Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rosa Ventrella
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aya Kobeissi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuya Higuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abhinav Balu
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zachary R Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Priya Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Spiro Getsios
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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130
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Lancaster CL, Yalamanchili PS, Goldy JN, Leung SW, Corbett AH, Moberg KH. The RNA-binding protein Nab2 regulates levels of the RhoGEF Trio to govern axon and dendrite morphology. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar109. [PMID: 38985523 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-04-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila RNA-binding protein (RBP) Nab2 acts in neurons to regulate neurodevelopment and is orthologous to the human intellectual disability-linked RBP, ZC3H14. Nab2 governs axon projection in mushroom body neurons and limits dendritic arborization of class IV sensory neurons in part by regulating splicing events in ∼150 mRNAs. Analysis of the Sex-lethal (Sxl) mRNA revealed that Nab2 promotes an exon-skipping event and regulates m6A methylation on Sxl pre-mRNA by the Mettl3 methyltransferase. Mettl3 heterozygosity broadly rescues Nab2null phenotypes implying that Nab2 acts through similar mechanisms on other RNAs, including unidentified targets involved in neurodevelopment. Here, we show that Nab2 and Mettl3 regulate the removal of a 5'UTR (untranslated region) intron in the trio pre-mRNA. Trio utilizes two GEF domains to balance Rac and RhoGTPase activity. Intriguingly, an isoform of Trio containing only the RhoGEF domain, GEF2, is depleted in Nab2null nervous tissue. Expression of Trio-GEF2 rescues projection defects in Nab2null axons and dendrites, while the GEF1 Rac1-regulatory domain exacerbates these defects, suggesting Nab2-mediated regulation Trio-GEF activities. Collectively, these data indicate that Nab2-regulated processing of trio is critical for balancing Trio-GEF1 and -GEF2 activity and show that Nab2, Mettl3, and Trio function in a common pathway that shapes axon and dendrite morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly L Lancaster
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Pranav S Yalamanchili
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jordan N Goldy
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kenneth H Moberg
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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131
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Younesi FS, Miller AE, Barker TH, Rossi FMV, Hinz B. Fibroblast and myofibroblast activation in normal tissue repair and fibrosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:617-638. [PMID: 38589640 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The term 'fibroblast' often serves as a catch-all for a diverse array of mesenchymal cells, including perivascular cells, stromal progenitor cells and bona fide fibroblasts. Although phenotypically similar, these subpopulations are functionally distinct, maintaining tissue integrity and serving as local progenitor reservoirs. In response to tissue injury, these cells undergo a dynamic fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, marked by extracellular matrix secretion and contraction of actomyosin-based stress fibres. Importantly, whereas transient activation into myofibroblasts aids in tissue repair, persistent activation triggers pathological fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the roles of mechanical cues, such as tissue stiffness and strain, alongside cell signalling pathways and extracellular matrix ligands in modulating myofibroblast activation and survival. We also highlight the role of epigenetic modifications and myofibroblast memory in physiological and pathological processes. Finally, we discuss potential strategies for therapeutically interfering with these factors and the associated signal transduction pathways to improve the outcome of dysregulated healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Sadat Younesi
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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132
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Liu HY, Sun XJ, Xiu SY, Zhang XY, Wang ZQ, Gu YL, Yi CX, Liu JY, Dai YS, Yuan X, Liao HP, Liu ZM, Pang XC, Li TC. Frizzled receptors (FZDs) in Wnt signaling: potential therapeutic targets for human cancers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1556-1570. [PMID: 38632318 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Frizzled receptors (FZDs) are key contributors intrinsic to the Wnt signaling pathway, activation of FZDs triggering the Wnt signaling cascade is frequently observed in human tumors and intimately associated with an aggressive carcinoma phenotype. It has been shown that the abnormal expression of FZD receptors contributes to the manifestation of malignant characteristics in human tumors such as enhanced cell proliferation, metastasis, chemotherapy resistance as well as the acquisition of cancer stemness. Given the essential roles of FZD receptors in the Wnt signaling in human tumors, this review aims to consolidate the prevailing knowledge on the specific status of FZD receptors (FZD1-10) and elucidate their respective functions in tumor progression. Furthermore, we delineate the structural basis for binding of FZD and its co-receptors to Wnt, and provide a better theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on related mechanisms. Finally, we describe the existing biological classes of small molecule-based FZD inhibitors in detail in the hope that they can provide useful assistance for design and development of novel drug candidates targeted FZDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si-Yu Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan-Lun Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chu-Xiao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yu-Song Dai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hua-Peng Liao
- Yizhang County People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 424200, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiao-Cong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100034, China.
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133
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Magalhães MV, Débera N, Pereira RF, Neves MI, Barrias CC, Bidarra SJ. In situ crosslinkable multi-functional and cell-responsive alginate 3D matrix via thiol-maleimide click chemistry. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 337:122144. [PMID: 38710569 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
In vivo, cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides a multitude of biophysical and biochemical signals that modulate cellular behavior. Inspired by this, we explored a new methodology to develop a more physiomimetic polysaccharide-based matrix for 3D cell culture. Maleimide-modified alginate (AlgM) derivatives were successfully synthesized using DMTMM to activate carboxylic groups. Thiol-terminated cell-adhesion peptides were tethered to the hydrogel network to promote integrin binding. Rapid and efficient in situ hydrogel formation was promoted by thiol-Michael addition "click" chemistry via maleimide reaction with thiol-flanked protease-sensitive peptides. Alginate derivatives were further ionically crosslinked by divalent ions present in the medium, which led to greater stability and allowed longer cell culture periods. By tailoring alginate's biofunctionality we improved cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, providing an ECM-like 3D microenvironment. We were able to systematically and independently vary biochemical and biophysical parameters to elicit specific cell responses, creating custom-made 3D matrices. DMTMM-mediated maleimide incorporation is a promising approach to synthesizing AlgM derivatives that can be leveraged to produce ECM-like matrices for a broad range of applications, from in vitro tissue modeling to tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Magalhães
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - N Débera
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - R F Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - M I Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - S J Bidarra
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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134
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Zhang J, Pan X, Ji W, Zhou J. Autophagy mediated targeting degradation, a promising strategy in drug development. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107466. [PMID: 38843684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) technologies have become promising therapeutic approaches through degrading disease-causing proteins via the protein degradation system. Autophagy is a fundamental biological process with a high relationship to protein degradation, which belongs to one of two main protein degradation pathways, the autophagy-lysosomal system. Recently, various autophagy-based TPD techniques ATTECs, AUTACs, and AUTOTACs, etc, have also been gradually developed, and they have achieved efficient degradation potency for the targeted protein, expanding the potential of degradation for large-size proteins or protein aggregates. Herein, we introduce the machinery of autophagy and its relation to protein degradation, and multiple methods for using autophagy to specifically degrade target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Wenshu Ji
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, PR China.
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135
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García-Navarrete C, Kretschmar C, Toledo J, Gutiérrez K, Hernández-Cáceres MP, Budini M, Parra V, Burgos PV, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Peña-Oyarzún D, Criollo A. PKD2 regulates autophagy and forms a protein complex with BECN1 at the primary cilium of hypothalamic neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167256. [PMID: 38782303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The primary cilium, hereafter cilium, is an antenna-like organelle that modulates intracellular responses, including autophagy, a lysosomal degradation process essential for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cilium is associated with impairment of autophagy and diseases known as "ciliopathies". The discovery of autophagy-related proteins at the base of the cilium suggests its potential role in coordinating autophagy initiation in response to physiopathological stimuli. One of these proteins, beclin-1 (BECN1), it which is necessary for autophagosome biogenesis. Additionally, polycystin-2 (PKD2), a calcium channel enriched at the cilium, is required and sufficient to induce autophagy in renal and cancer cells. We previously demonstrated that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex at the endoplasmic reticulum in non-ciliated cells, where it initiates autophagy, but whether this protein complex is present at the cilium remains unknown. Anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are ciliated cells that require autophagy to maintain intracellular homeostasis. POMC neurons are sensitive to metabolic changes, modulating signaling pathways crucial for controlling food intake. Exposure to the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA) reduces ciliogenesis and inhibits autophagy in these cells. Here, we show that PKD2 and BECN1 form a protein complex in N43/5 cells, an in vitro model of POMC neurons, and that both PKD2 and BECN1 locate at the cilium. In addition, our data show that the cilium is required for PKD2-BECN1 protein complex formation and that PA disrupts the PKD2-BECN1 complex, suppressing autophagy. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the cilium controls autophagy in hypothalamic neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila García-Navarrete
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Toledo
- Advanced Scientific Equipment Network (REDECA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Karla Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Hernández-Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Parra
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Avenida Del Valle Norte #725, Huechuraba 8580702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Odontology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas & Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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136
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Luo W, Fu X, Huang H, Wu P, Wang Y, Liu Z, He S, Pang L, Ren D, Cui Y. Planar Cell Polarity in the Multiciliated Epithelial Lining of the Mouse Eustachian Tube. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:3795-3801. [PMID: 38613460 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, essential for uniform alignment and directional beating of motile cilia, has been investigated in multiciliated epithelia. As a complex structure connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, the eustachian tube (ET) is important in the onset of ear-nose-throat diseases. However, PCP signaling, including the orientation that is important for ciliary motility and clearance function in the ET, has not been studied. We evaluated PCP in the ET epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Morphometric examination of the mouse ET. METHODS We performed electron microscopy to assess ciliary polarity in the mouse ET, along with immunohistochemical analysis of PCP protein localization in the ET epithelium. RESULTS We discovered PCP in the ET epithelium. Motile cilia were aligned in the same direction in individual and neighboring cells; this alignment manifested as ciliary polarity in multiciliated cells. Additionally, PCP proteins were asymmetrically localized between adjacent cells in the plane of the ET. CONCLUSIONS The multiciliated ET epithelium exhibits polarization, suggesting novel structural features that may be critical for ET function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:3795-3801, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peina Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T hospital & Institute of E.N.T, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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137
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Wu Y, Huang JY, Conlon MT, Shenoy MK, Chao JL, Chooi MY, Koch MA, Gerner MY. Distal Immunization and Systemic Cytokines Establish a Transient Immune Alert State in the Intestine. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:373-383. [PMID: 38884660 PMCID: PMC11250722 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Conventionally, immune responses are studied in the context of inflamed tissues and their corresponding draining lymph nodes (LNs). However, little is known about the effects of systemic inflammatory signals generated during local inflammation on distal tissues and nondraining LNs. Using a mouse model of cutaneous immunization, we found that systemic inflammatory stimuli triggered a rapid and selective distal response in the small intestine and the mesenteric LN (mesLN). This consisted of increased permeability of intestinal blood vessels and lymphatic drainage of bloodborne solutes into the mesLN, enhanced activation and migration of intestinal dendritic cells, as well as amplified T cell responses in the mesLNs to systemic but not orally derived Ags. Mechanistically, we found that the small intestine endothelial cells preferentially expressed molecules involved in TNF-α signaling and that TNF-α blockade markedly diminished distal intestinal responses to cutaneous immunization. Together, these findings reveal that the intestinal immune system is rapidly and selectively activated in response to inflammatory cues regardless of their origin, thus identifying an additional layer of defense and enhanced surveillance of a key barrier organ at constant risk of pathogen encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y Huang
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Meera K Shenoy
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Jaime L Chao
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ming Yao Chooi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Meghan A Koch
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
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Huang L, Ho C, Ye X, Gao Y, Guo W, Chen J, Sun J, Wen D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li Q. Mechanisms and translational applications of regeneration in limbs: From renewable animals to humans. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152288. [PMID: 38823491 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regenerative capacity of organisms declines throughout evolution, and mammals lack the ability to regenerate limbs after injury. Past approaches to achieving successful restoration through pharmacological intervention, tissue engineering, and cell therapies have faced significant challenges. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the mechanisms behind animal limb regeneration and the successful translation of these mechanisms for human tissue regeneration. RESULTS Particular attention was paid to the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), the only adult tetrapod capable of limb regeneration. We will explore fundamental questions surrounding limb regeneration, such as how amputation initiates regeneration, how the limb knows when to stop and which parts to regenerate, and how these findings can apply to mammalian systems. CONCLUSIONS Given the urgent need for regenerative therapies to treat conditions like diabetic foot ulcers and trauma survivors, this review provides valuable insights and ideas for researchers, clinicians, and biomedical engineers seeking to facilitate the regeneration process or elicit full regeneration from partial regeneration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinran Ye
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China; National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Julie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dongsheng Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yangdan Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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139
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Zunica ERM, Axelrod CL, Gilmore LA, Gnaiger E, Kirwan JP. The bioenergetic landscape of cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101966. [PMID: 38876266 PMCID: PMC11259816 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioenergetic remodeling of core energy metabolism is essential to the initiation, survival, and progression of cancer cells through exergonic supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic intermediates, as well as control of redox homeostasis. Mitochondria are evolutionarily conserved organelles that mediate cell survival by conferring energetic plasticity and adaptive potential. Mitochondrial ATP synthesis is coupled to the oxidation of a variety of substrates generated through diverse metabolic pathways. As such, inhibition of the mitochondrial bioenergetic system by restricting metabolite availability, direct inhibition of the respiratory Complexes, altering organelle structure, or coupling efficiency may restrict carcinogenic potential and cancer progression. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review the role of bioenergetics as the principal conductor of energetic functions and carcinogenesis while highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial functions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Mitochondrial bioenergetics significantly contribute to cancer initiation and survival. As a result, therapies designed to limit oxidative efficiency may reduce tumor burden and enhance the efficacy of currently available antineoplastic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R M Zunica
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | | | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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140
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Martus D, Williams SK, Pichi K, Mannebach-Götz S, Kaiser N, Wardas B, Fecher-Trost C, Meyer MR, Schmitz F, Beck A, Fairless R, Diem R, Flockerzi V, Belkacemi A. Cavβ3 Contributes to the Maintenance of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Alleviates Symptoms of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1833-1851. [PMID: 38957986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.321141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight control of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells is essential for the regulation of endothelial barrier function. Here, we investigated the role of Cavβ3, a subunit of voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels, in modulating Ca2+ signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and how this contributes to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. METHODS We investigated the function of Cavβ3 in BMECs by Ca2+ imaging and Western blot, examined the endothelial barrier function in vitro and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in vivo, and evaluated disease course after induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice using Cavβ3-/- (Cavβ3-deficient) mice as controls. RESULTS We identified Cavβ3 protein in BMECs, but electrophysiological recordings did not reveal significant Cav channel activity. In vivo, blood-brain barrier integrity was reduced in the absence of Cavβ3. After induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Cavβ3-/- mice showed earlier disease onset with exacerbated clinical disability and increased T-cell infiltration. In vitro, the transendothelial resistance of Cavβ3-/- BMEC monolayers was lower than that of wild-type BMEC monolayers, and the organization of the junctional protein ZO-1 (zona occludens-1) was impaired. Thrombin stimulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Ca2+ release, which facilitates cell contraction and enhances endothelial barrier permeability via Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of MLC (myosin light chain). These effects were more pronounced in Cavβ3-/- than in wild-type BMECs, whereas the differences were abolished in the presence of the MLCK (MLC kinase) inhibitor ML-7. Expression of Cacnb3 cDNA in Cavβ3-/- BMECs restored the wild-type phenotype. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry demonstrated the association of Cavβ3 with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor proteins. CONCLUSIONS Independent of its function as a subunit of Cav channels, Cavβ3 interacts with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and is involved in the tight control of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+-dependent MLC phosphorylation in BMECs, and this role of Cavβ3 in BMECs contributes to blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Calcium Signaling
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/metabolism
- Myosin-Light-Chain Kinase/genetics
- Capillary Permeability
- Cells, Cultured
- Phosphorylation
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Calcium Channels/genetics
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Mice
- Calcium/metabolism
- Female
- Male
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Martus
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarah K Williams
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (R.F., S.K.W.)
| | - Kira Pichi
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
| | - Stefanie Mannebach-Götz
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaiser
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wardas
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schmitz
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (F.S.), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Fairless
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (R.F., S.K.W.)
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (S.K.W., K.P., R.F., R.D.)
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung, PharmaScienceHub (D.M., S.M.-G., N.K., B.W., C.F.-T., M.R.M., A. Beck, V.F., A. Belkacemi), Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
- Now with Pharmakologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany (A. Belkacemi)
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141
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Bradley DA, Lam SE, Nawi SNM, Taheri A, Abdul Sani F, Ung NM, Alzimami K, Khandaker MU, Moradi F. Graphite foils as potential skin and epithelium dosimeters at therapeutic photon energies. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 210:111371. [PMID: 38815447 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This work builds upon a prior study, examining the dosimetric utility of pencil lead and thin graphitic sheets, focusing upon the measurement of skin doses within the mammographic regime. In recognizing the near soft-tissue equivalence of graphite and the earlier-observed favourable thermoluminescence yield of thin sheets of graphite, this has led to present study of 50 μm thick graphite for parameters typical of external beam fractionated radiotherapy and skin dose evaluations. The graphite layers were annealed and then stacked to form an assembly of 0.5 mm nominal thickness. Using a 6 MV photon beam and delivering doses from 2- to 60 Gy, irradiations were conducted, the assembly first forming a superficial layer to a solid water phantom and subsequently underlying a 1.5 cm bolus, seeking to circumvent the build-up to electronic equilibrium for skin treatments. Investigations were made of several dosimetric properties arising from the thermoluminescence yield of the 50 μm thick graphite slabs, in particular proportionality and sensitivity to dose. The results show excellent sensitivity within the dose range of interest, the thermoluminescence response varying with increasing depth through the stacked graphite layers, obtaining a coefficient of determination of 90%. Acknowledging there to be considerable challenge in accurately matching skin thickness with dose, the graphite sheets have nevertheless shown considerable promise as dosimeters of skin, sensitive in determination of dose from the surface of the graphite through to sub-dermal depth thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Bradley
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, Sunway University, Malaysia; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
| | - S E Lam
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - S N Mat Nawi
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - A Taheri
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - F Abdul Sani
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N M Ung
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - K Alzimami
- Department of Radiological Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M U Khandaker
- Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies Group, CCDCU, Sunway University, Malaysia
| | - F Moradi
- Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
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Kareklas K, Oliveira RF. Emotional contagion and prosocial behaviour in fish: An evolutionary and mechanistic approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105780. [PMID: 38955311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the definitions and experimental approaches to emotional contagion and prosocial behaviour in mammals and explore their evolutionary conceptualisation for studying their occurrence in the evolutionarily divergent vertebrate group of ray-finned fish. We present evidence for a diverse set of fish phenotypes that meet definitional criteria for prosocial behaviour and emotional contagion and discuss conserved mechanisms that may account for some preserved social capacities in fish. Finally, we provide some considerations on how to address the question of interdependency between emotional contagion and prosocial response, highlighting the importance of recognition processes, decision-making systems, and ecological context for providing evolutionary explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriacos Kareklas
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. Q.ta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Rui F Oliveira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, R. Q.ta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal; ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, Lisboa 1149-041, Portugal.
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143
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Chakraborty S, Mishra J, Roy A, Niharika, Manna S, Baral T, Nandi P, Patra S, Patra SK. Liquid-liquid phase separation in subcellular assemblages and signaling pathways: Chromatin modifications induced gene regulation for cellular physiology and functions including carcinogenesis. Biochimie 2024; 223:74-97. [PMID: 38723938 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) describes many biochemical processes, including hydrogel formation, in the integrity of macromolecular assemblages and existence of membraneless organelles, including ribosome, nucleolus, nuclear speckles, paraspeckles, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, Cajal bodies (all exert crucial roles in cellular physiology), and evidence are emerging day by day. Also, phase separation is well documented in generation of plasma membrane subdomains and interplay between membranous and membraneless organelles. Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of biopolymers/proteins are the most critical sticking regions that aggravate the formation of such condensates. Remarkably, phase separated condensates are also involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and heterochromatinization. Epigenetic marks on DNA and histones cooperate with RNA-binding proteins through their IDRs to trigger LLPS for facilitating transcription. How phase separation coalesces mutant oncoproteins, orchestrate tumor suppressor genes expression, and facilitated cancer-associated signaling pathways are unravelling. That autophagosome formation and DYRK3-mediated cancer stem cell modification also depend on phase separation is deciphered in part. In view of this, and to linchpin insight into the subcellular membraneless organelle assembly, gene activation and biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes, and the downstream physiological functions, and how all these events are precisely facilitated by LLPS inducing organelle function, epigenetic modulation of gene expression in this scenario, and how it goes awry in cancer progression are summarized and presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chakraborty
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Jagdish Mishra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Ankan Roy
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Niharika
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Soumen Manna
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Tirthankar Baral
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Piyasa Nandi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Subhajit Patra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
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Yang Y, Shi M, Liu X, Zhu Q, Xu Z, Liu G, Feng T, Stewart T, Zhang J. Calcium influx: An essential process by which α-Synuclein regulates morphology of erythrocytes. J Adv Res 2024; 62:187-198. [PMID: 37714326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morphological abnormalities of erythrocytes/red blood cells (RBCs), e.g., increased acanthocytes, in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported previously, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be characterized. In this study, the potential roles of α-synuclein (α-syn), a protein critically involved in PD and highly abundant in RBCs, were studied in PD patients as well as in a PD mouse model. METHODS Transgenic [PAC-Tg (SNCAA53T), A53T] mice overexpressing A53T mutant α-syn and SNCA knockout mice were employed to characterize the effect of α-syn on RBC morphology. In addition to A53T and SNCA knockout mice, the morphology of RBCs of PD patients was also examined using scanning electron microscopy. The potential roles of α-syn were further investigated in cultured RBCs and mice. RESULTS Morphological abnormalities of RBCs and increased accumulation of aggregated α-syn on the RBC membrane were observed in PD patients. A similar phenomenon was also observed in A53T mice. Furthermore, while mice lacking α-syn expression showed a lower proportion of acanthocytes, treating RBCs derived from SNCA knockout mice with aggregated α-syn resulted in a higher percentage of acanthocytes. In a follow-up proteomic investigation, several major classes of proteins were identified as α-syn-associated proteins on the RBC membrane, seven of which were calcium-binding proteins. Applying aggregated α-syn to the RBC membrane directly induced extracellular calcium influx along with morphological changes; both observations were adequately reversed by blocking calcium influx. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that α-syn plays a critical role in PD-associated morphological abnormalities of RBCs, at least partially via a process mediated by extracellular calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China
| | - Genliang Liu
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Center for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China; National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
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145
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Qin T, Lv Y, Xi X, Wu Z. PLK-3-mediated phosphorylation of BAP1 prevents diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116374. [PMID: 38906226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and its main clinical manifestation is retinal vascular dysfunction. DR causes blindness and is a problem with significant global health implications. However, treating DR is still challenging. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of polo-like kinase-3 (PLK-3) and the potential regulatory mechanism in DR. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) to induce a rat model of DR, and rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RRMECs) were treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mmol/L glucose) to develop a cell model of DR. We found that PLK-3 was significantly downregulated in the retinal tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats and HG-induced RRMECs. Lentivirus-mediated PLK-3 overexpression alleviated the histological damages in DR rats. After HG stimulation, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in RRMECs were inhibited after PLK-3 upregulation. By using label-free proteomics, we identified 82 differentially expressed proteins downstream of PLK-3, including BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1), which was significantly upregulated in PLK-3-overexpressed RRMECs compared to control cells under the HG condition. In vivo and in vitro assays indicated that the forced expression of PLK-3 increased the phosphorylation of BAP1 at serine 592 and caspase-8 expression. Detailed evidence showed that BAP1-shRNA-mediated knockdown restored the cell function in HG-treated RRMECs when PLK-3 was overexpressed. Collectively, this study shows that PLK-3 alleviates retinal vascular dysfunction in DR by inhibiting the phosphorylation of BAP1. Thus, PLK-3 may develop as a promising target for the therapy of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yingnan Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangying Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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146
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Liu Z, Xi Q, Hou M, Zou T, Liu H, Zhou X, Jin L, Zhu L, Zhang X. Loss of function variant in CIP2A associated with female infertility with early embryonic arrest and fragmentation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167228. [PMID: 38734318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early embryonic arrest and fragmentation (EEAF) is a common cause of female infertility, but the genetic causes remain to be largely unknown. CIP2A encodes the cellular inhibitor of PP2A, playing a crucial role in mitosis and mouse oocyte meiosis. METHODS Exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify candidate causative genes in patients with EEAF. The pathogenicity of the CIP2A variant was assessed and confirmed in cultured cell lines and human oocytes through Western blotting, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, TUNEL staining, and fluorescence localization analysis. FINDINGS We identified CIP2A (c.1510C > T, p.L504F) as a novel disease-causing gene in human EEAF from a consanguineous family. L504 is highly conserved throughout evolution. The CIP2A variant (c.1510C > T, p.L504F) reduced the expression level of the mutant CIP2A protein, leading to the abnormal aggregation of mutant CIP2A protein and cell apoptosis. Abnormal aggregation of CIP2A protein and chromosomal dispersion occurred in the patient's oocytes and early embryos. We further replicated the patient phenotype by knockdown CIP2A in human oocytes. Additionally, CIP2A deficiency resulted in decreased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2. INTERPRETATION We first found that the CIP2A loss-of-function variant associate with female infertility characterized by EEAF. Our findings suggest the uniqueness and importance of CIP2A gene in human oocyte and early embryo development. FUNDING This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC2706302), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81000079, 81170165, and 81870959), the HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team (2016QYTD02), and the Key Research of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Hospital (2022A20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qingsong Xi
- Oncology Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Meiqi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Tingting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaopei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
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Ho T, Eichner N, Sathapondecha P, Nantapojd T, Meister G, Udomkit A. Ago4-piRNA complex is a key component of genomic immune system against transposon expression in Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109693. [PMID: 38878913 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Argonaute proteins are key constituents of small RNA-guided regulatory pathways. In crustaceans, members of the AGO subfamily of Argonaute proteins that play vital roles in immune defense are well studied, while proteins of the PIWI subfamily are less established. PmAgo4 of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, though phylogenetically clustered with the AGO subfamily, has distinctive roles of the PIWI subfamily in safeguarding the genome from transposon invasion and controlling germ cell development. This study explored a molecular mechanism by which PmAgo4 regulates transposon expression in the shrimp germline. PmAgo4-associated small RNAs were co-immunoprecipitated from shrimp testis lysate using a PmAgo4-specific polyclonal antibody. RNA-seq revealed a majority of 26-27 nt long small RNAs in the PmAgo4-IP fraction suggesting that PmAgo4 is predominantly associated with piRNAs. Mapping of these piRNAs on nucleotide sequences of two gypsy and a mariner-like transposons of P. monodon suggested that most piRNAs were originated from the antisense strand of transposons. Suppression of PmAgo4 expression by a specific dsRNA elevated the expression levels of the three transposons while decreasing the levels of transposon-related piRNAs. Taken together, these results imply that PmAgo4 exerts its suppressive function on transposons by controlling the biogenesis of transposon-related piRNAs and thus, provides a defense mechanism against transposon invasion in shrimp germline cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapong Ho
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Norbert Eichner
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ponsit Sathapondecha
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Thaneeya Nantapojd
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Apinunt Udomkit
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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148
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Restrepo LJ, Baehrecke EH. Regulation and Functions of Autophagy During Animal Development. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168473. [PMID: 38311234 PMCID: PMC11260256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is used to degrade cytoplasmic materials, and is critical to maintain cell and organismal health in diverse animals. Here we discuss the regulation, utilization and impact of autophagy on development, including roles in oogenesis, spermatogenesis and embryogenesis in animals. We also describe how autophagy influences postembryonic development in the context of neuronal and cardiac development, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We describe recent studies of selective autophagy during development, including mitochondria-selective autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-selective autophagy. Studies of developing model systems have also been used to discover novel regulators of autophagy, and we explain how studies of autophagy in these physiologically relevant systems are advancing our understanding of this important catabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Restrepo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA.
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Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang P, Huang D, Zhai X, Feng Z, Fang D, Liu C, Du J, Cai J. FG-4592 protected haematopoietic system from ionising radiation in mice. Immunology 2024; 172:614-626. [PMID: 38685744 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation exposure can lead to acute haematopoietic radiation syndrome. Despite significant advancements in the field of radioprotection, no drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity have yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. FG-4592, as a proline hydroxylase inhibitor, may play an important role in radioprotection of the haematopoietic system. Mice were peritoneal injected with FG-4592 or normal saline. After irradiation, the survival time, body weight, peripheral blood cell and bone marrow cell (BMC) count, cell apoptosis, pathology were analysed and RNA-sequence technique (RNA-Seq) was conducted to explore the mechanism of FG-4592 in the haematopoietic system. Our results indicated that FG-4592 improved the survival rate and weight of irradiated mice and protected the spleen, thymus and bone marrow from IR-induced injury. The number of BMCs was increased and protected against IR-induced apoptosis. FG-4592 also promoted the recovery of the blood system and erythroid differentiation. The results of RNA-Seq and Western blot showed that the NF-κB signalling pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signalling pathway were upregulated by FG-4592. Meanwhile, RT-PCR results showed that FG-4592 could promote inflammatory response significantly. FG-4592 exhibited radioprotective effects in the haematopoietic system by promoting inflammatory response and targeting the NF-κB, HIF signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daqian Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuanlu Zhai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenlan Feng
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Duo Fang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Cai
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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150
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Wang X, Peng R, Zhao L. Multiscale metabolomics techniques: Insights into neuroscience research. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 198:106541. [PMID: 38806132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of metabolomics examines the overall composition and dynamic patterns of metabolites in living organisms. The primary methods used in metabolomics include liquid chromatography (LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. These methods enable the identification and examination of metabolite types and contents within organisms, as well as modifications to metabolic pathways and their connection to the emergence of diseases. Research in metabolomics has extensive value in basic and applied sciences. The field of metabolomics is growing quickly, with the majority of studies concentrating on biomedicine, particularly early disease diagnosis, therapeutic management of human diseases, and mechanistic knowledge of biochemical processes. Multiscale metabolomics is an approach that integrates metabolomics techniques at various scales, including the holistic, tissue, cellular, and organelle scales, to enable more thorough and in-depth studies of metabolic processes in organisms. Multiscale metabolomics can be combined with methods from systems biology and bioinformatics. In recent years, multiscale metabolomics approaches have become increasingly important in neuroscience research due to the nervous system's high metabolic demands. Multiscale metabolomics can offer novel concepts and approaches for the diagnosis, treatment, and development of medication for neurological illnesses in addition to a more thorough understanding of brain metabolism and nervous system function. In this review, we summarize the use of multiscale metabolomics techniques in neuroscience, address the promise and constraints of these techniques, and provide an overview of the metabolome and its applications in neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Li Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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