1601
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Körner RW, Majjouti M, Alcazar MAA, Mahabir E. Of Mice and Men: The Coronavirus MHV and Mouse Models as a Translational Approach to Understand SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2020; 12:E880. [PMID: 32806708 PMCID: PMC7471983 DOI: 10.3390/v12080880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatal acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, infection and mortality rates have been rising steadily worldwide. The lack of a vaccine, as well as preventive and therapeutic strategies, emphasize the need to develop new strategies to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis. Since mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2 share a common genus, lessons learnt from MHV and SARS-CoV could offer mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2. This review provides a comprehensive review of MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans, thereby highlighting further translational avenues in the development of innovative strategies in controlling the detrimental course of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, we have focused on various aspects, including host species, organotropism, transmission, clinical disease, pathogenesis, control and therapy, MHV as a model for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as mouse models for infection with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. While MHV in mice and SARS-CoV-2 in humans share various similarities, there are also differences that need to be addressed when studying murine models. Translational approaches, such as humanized mouse models are pivotal in studying the clinical course and pathology observed in COVID-19 patients. Lessons from prior murine studies on coronavirus, coupled with novel murine models could offer new promising avenues for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Körner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Majjouti
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Miguel A. Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Translational Experimental Pediatrics—Experimental Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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1602
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Azoulay E, Fartoukh M, Darmon M, Géri G, Voiriot G, Dupont T, Zafrani L, Girodias L, Labbé V, Dres M, Beurton A, Vieillard-Baron A, Demoule A. Increased mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted within seven days of disease onset. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1714-1722. [PMID: 32780165 PMCID: PMC7417780 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is creating an unprecedented healthcare crisis. Understanding the determinants of mortality is crucial to optimise intensive care unit (ICU) resource use and to identify targets for improving survival. Methods In a multicentre retrospective study, we included 379 COVID-19 patients admitted to four ICUs between 20 February and 24 April 2020 and categorised according to time from disease onset to ICU admission. A Cox proportional-hazards model identified factors associated with 28-day mortality. Results Median age was 66 years (53–68) and 292 (77%) were men. The main comorbidities included obesity and overweight (67%), hypertension (49.6%) and diabetes (30.1%). Median time from disease onset (i.e., viral symptoms) to ICU admission was 8 (6–11) days (missing for three); 161 (42.5%) patients were admitted within a week of disease onset, 173 (45.6%) between 8 and 14 days, and 42 (11.1%) > 14 days after disease onset; day 28 mortality was 26.4% (22–31) and decreased as time from disease onset to ICU admission increased, from 37 to 21% and 12%, respectively. Patients admitted within the first week had higher SOFA scores, more often had thrombocytopenia or acute kidney injury, had more limited radiographic involvement, and had significantly higher blood IL-6 levels. Age, COPD, immunocompromised status, time from disease onset, troponin concentration, and acute kidney injury were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion The excess mortality in patients admitted within a week of disease onset reflected greater non-respiratory severity. Therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2 might impact different clinical endpoints according to time since disease onset. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00134-020-06202-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azoulay
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Muriel Fartoukh
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Michael Darmon
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Géri
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Dupont
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lara Zafrani
- Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lola Girodias
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Labbé
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Martin Dres
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Beurton
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Vieillard-Baron
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Demoule
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
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1603
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Mahmood Z, Alrefai H, Hetta HF, A. Kader H, Munawar N, Abdul Rahman S, Elshaer S, Batiha GEIS, Muhammad K. Investigating Virological, Immunological, and Pathological Avenues to Identify Potential Targets for Developing COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus causing respiratory disease commonly known as COVID-19. This novel coronavirus transmits from human to human and has caused profound morbidity and mortality worldwide leading to the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, disease severity differs considerably from individual to individual. Investigating the virology of COVID-19 and immunological pathways underlying its clinical manifestations will enable the identification and design of effective vaccines and potential therapies. In this review, we explore COVID-19 virology, the contribution of the immune system (innate and adaptive) during infection and control of the virus. Finally, we highlight vaccine development and implications of immune system modulation for potential therapeutic interventions to design better therapeutic strategies to guide future cure.
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1604
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Kaddoura M, AlIbrahim M, Hijazi G, Soudani N, Audi A, Alkalamouni H, Haddad S, Eid A, Zaraket H. COVID-19 Therapeutic Options Under Investigation. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1196. [PMID: 32848795 PMCID: PMC7424051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in China in December 2019, COVID-19 has quickly spread around the globe causing a pandemic. Vaccination or the development of herd immunity seems the only way to slow down the spread of the virus; however, both are not achievable in the near future. Therefore, effective treatments to mitigate the burden of this pandemic and reduce mortality rates are urgently needed. Preclinical and clinical studies of potential antiviral and immunomodulatory compounds and molecules to identify safe and efficacious therapeutics for COVID-19 are ongoing. Two compounds, remdesivir, and dexamethasone have been so far shown to reduce COVID-19-associated death. Here, we provide a review of the potential therapeutic agents being considered for the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Kaddoura
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Malak AlIbrahim
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghina Hijazi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amani Audi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Habib Alkalamouni
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salame Haddad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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1605
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Rosa BA, Ahmed M, Singh DK, Choreño-Parra JA, Cole J, Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Singh B, Gonzalez O, Carrion R, Schlesinger LS, Martin J, Zúñiga J, Mitreva M, Khader SA, Kaushal D. IFN signaling and neutrophil degranulation transcriptional signatures are induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 32793903 PMCID: PMC7418717 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.06.239798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel virus SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 14 million people worldwide resulting in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Limited information on the underlying immune mechanisms that drive disease or protection during COVID-19 severely hamper development of therapeutics and vaccines. Thus, the establishment of relevant animal models that mimic the pathobiology of the disease is urgent. Rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit disease pathobiology similar to human COVID-19, thus serving as a relevant animal model. In the current study, we have characterized the transcriptional signatures induced in the lungs of juvenile and old rhesus macaques following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that genes associated with Interferon (IFN) signaling, neutrophil degranulation and innate immune pathways are significantly induced in macaque infected lungs, while pathways associated with collagen formation are downregulated. In COVID-19, increasing age is a significant risk factor for poor prognosis and increased mortality. We demonstrate that Type I IFN and Notch signaling pathways are significantly upregulated in lungs of juvenile infected macaques when compared with old infected macaques. These results are corroborated with increased peripheral neutrophil counts and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in older individuals with COVID-19 disease. In contrast, pathways involving VEGF are downregulated in lungs of old infected macaques. Using samples from humans with SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19, we validate a subset of our findings. Finally, neutrophil degranulation, innate immune system and IFN gamma signaling pathways are upregulated in both tuberculosis and COVID-19, two pulmonary diseases where neutrophils are associated with increased severity. Together, our transcriptomic studies have delineated disease pathways to improve our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 to facilitate the design of new therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Dhiraj K Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Sofía Rodríguez-Reyna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - John Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
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1606
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Mahmood Z, Alrefai H, Hetta HF, A. Kader H, Munawar N, Abdul Rahman S, Elshaer S, Batiha GEIS, Muhammad K. Investigating Virological, Immunological, and Pathological Avenues to Identify Potential Targets for Developing COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E443. [PMID: 32781571 PMCID: PMC7563267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus causing respiratory disease commonly known as COVID-19. This novel coronavirus transmits from human to human and has caused profound morbidity and mortality worldwide leading to the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, disease severity differs considerably from individual to individual. Investigating the virology of COVID-19 and immunological pathways underlying its clinical manifestations will enable the identification and design of effective vaccines and potential therapies. In this review, we explore COVID-19 virology, the contribution of the immune system (innate and adaptive) during infection and control of the virus. Finally, we highlight vaccine development and implications of immune system modulation for potential therapeutic interventions to design better therapeutic strategies to guide future cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Mahmood
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Hani Alrefai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA; (H.A.); (H.F.H.)
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA; (H.A.); (H.F.H.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hidaya A. Kader
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
| | - Sheikh Abdul Rahman
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Centre, Yerkes National Primate Research Centre, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Shereen Elshaer
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA;
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gaber EI-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicines, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE;
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1607
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that first became apparent in Wuhan, China, is now infecting millions all over the world. This is a review of COVID-19's extensive effects on virtually all the organs. It causes inflammation, endotheliitis, vasoconstriction, hypercoagulability, and edema. Lymphocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, elevated fibrin degradation products (FDPs), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are observed. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism (PE), systemic and pulmonary arterial thrombosis and embolism, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) are reported. In the heart it can cause acute coronary syndrome, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, and arrhythmias. Kidney injury is usually secondary to systemic abnormalities. Stroke occurs even in young patients. Delirium and seizures are common. Anosmia and impaired sense of taste are reported. Psychological problems are common among patients as well as providers. Stool may contain virus. Lactate dehydrogenase may be elevated. Various skin manifestations including patchy erythematous rash are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Jain
- Anesthesiology, San Mateo Medical Center, San Mateo, USA
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1608
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Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res 2020. [PMID: 32681497 DOI: 10.22541/au.158880283.34604328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a protean clinical picture that can range from asymptomatic patients to life-threatening conditions. Severe COVID-19 patients often display a severe pulmonary involvement and develop neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and strikingly elevated levels of IL-6. There is an over-exuberant cytokine release with hyperferritinemia leading to the idea that COVID-19 is part of the hyperferritinemic syndrome spectrum. Indeed, very high levels of ferritin can occur in other diseases including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and septic shock. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of ferritin and its association with mortality and sustained inflammatory process. High levels of free iron are harmful in tissues, especially through the redox damage that can lead to fibrosis. Iron chelation represents a pillar in the treatment of iron overload. In addition, it was proven to have an anti-viral and anti-fibrotic activity. Herein, we analyse the pathogenic role of ferritin and iron during SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose iron depletion therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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1609
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Perricone C, Bartoloni E, Bursi R, Cafaro G, Guidelli GM, Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R. COVID-19 as part of the hyperferritinemic syndromes: the role of iron depletion therapy. Immunol Res 2020; 68:213-224. [PMID: 32681497 PMCID: PMC7366458 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-020-09145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a protean clinical picture that can range from asymptomatic patients to life-threatening conditions. Severe COVID-19 patients often display a severe pulmonary involvement and develop neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and strikingly elevated levels of IL-6. There is an over-exuberant cytokine release with hyperferritinemia leading to the idea that COVID-19 is part of the hyperferritinemic syndrome spectrum. Indeed, very high levels of ferritin can occur in other diseases including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation syndrome, adult-onset Still's disease, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and septic shock. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of ferritin and its association with mortality and sustained inflammatory process. High levels of free iron are harmful in tissues, especially through the redox damage that can lead to fibrosis. Iron chelation represents a pillar in the treatment of iron overload. In addition, it was proven to have an anti-viral and anti-fibrotic activity. Herein, we analyse the pathogenic role of ferritin and iron during SARS-CoV-2 infection and propose iron depletion therapy as a novel therapeutic approach in the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bursi
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cafaro
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- The Mosaic of Autoimmunity Project, Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Giorgio Menghini, 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
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1610
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Seheult JN, Seshadri A, Neal MD. Fibrinolysis Shutdown and Thrombosis in Severe COVID-19. J Am Coll Surg 2020; 231:203-204. [PMID: 32593497 PMCID: PMC7290169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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1611
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Lammers T, Sofias AM, van der Meel R, Schiffelers R, Storm G, Tacke F, Koschmieder S, Brümmendorf TH, Kiessling F, Metselaar JM. Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:622-624. [PMID: 32747742 PMCID: PMC7116110 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Schiffelers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Medicine IV (Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Medicine IV (Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josbert M Metselaar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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1612
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Tsikala Vafea M, Atalla E, Georgakas J, Shehadeh F, Mylona EK, Kalligeros M, Mylonakis E. Emerging Technologies for Use in the Study, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:249-257. [PMID: 32837582 PMCID: PMC7314428 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health and economic worldwide crisis. Innovative solutions are imperative given limited resources and immediate need for medical supplies, healthcare support and treatments. AIM The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging technologies being implemented in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. RESULTS Key focus areas include the applications of artificial intelligence, the use of Big Data and Internet of Things, the importance of mathematical modeling for predictions, utilization of technology for community screening, the use of nanotechnology for treatment and vaccine development, the utility of telemedicine, the implementation of 3D-printing to manage new demands and the potential of robotics. CONCLUSION The review concludes by highlighting the need for collaboration in the scientific community with open sharing of knowledge, tools, and expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsikala Vafea
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Eleftheria Atalla
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Joanna Georgakas
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Fadi Shehadeh
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Evangelia K. Mylona
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Markos Kalligeros
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Infectious Diseases Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, POB, 3rd Floor, Suite 328/330, Providence, RI 02903 USA
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1613
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Zuckier LS, Valdivia AY, Zamora E. Does gallium-citrate have yet another story to tell? Lessons relevant to the COVID-19 era. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2059-2061. [PMID: 32468253 PMCID: PMC7255699 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel S Zuckier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Ana Y Valdivia
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Edgar Zamora
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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1614
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Abstract
The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the ensuing global pandemic has presented a health emergency of unprecedented magnitude. Recent clinical data has highlighted that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a significant risk of thrombotic complications ranging from microvascular thrombosis, venous thromboembolic disease, and stroke. Importantly, thrombotic complications are markers of severe COVID-19 and are associated with multiorgan failure and increased mortality. The evidence to date supports the concept that the thrombotic manifestations of severe COVID-19 are due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to invade endothelial cells via ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), which is expressed on the endothelial cell surface. However, in patients with COVID-19 the subsequent endothelial inflammation, complement activation, thrombin generation, platelet, and leukocyte recruitment, and the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses culminate in immunothrombosis, ultimately causing (micro)thrombotic complications, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. Accordingly, the activation of coagulation (eg, as measured with plasma D-dimer) and thrombocytopenia have emerged as prognostic markers in COVID-19. Given thrombotic complications are central determinants of the high mortality rate in COVID-19, strategies to prevent thrombosis are of critical importance. Several antithrombotic drugs have been proposed as potential therapies to prevent COVID-19-associated thrombosis, including heparin, FXII inhibitors, fibrinolytic drugs, nafamostat, and dipyridamole, many of which also possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory or antiviral effects. The growing awareness and mechanistic understanding of the prothrombotic state of COVID-19 patients are driving efforts to more stringent diagnostic screening for thrombotic complications and to the early institution of antithrombotic drugs, for both the prevention and therapy of thrombotic complications. The shifting paradigm of diagnostic and treatment strategies holds significant promise to reduce the burden of thrombotic complications and ultimately improve the prognosis for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. McFadyen
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.D.M., H.S., K.P.)
- Clinical Hematology Department (J.D.M., H.S.), Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.D.M., H.S., K.P.)
| | - Hannah Stevens
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.D.M., H.S., K.P.)
- Clinical Hematology Department (J.D.M., H.S.), Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.D.M., H.S., K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Department of Cardiology (K.P.), Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (J.D.M., H.S., K.P.)
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1615
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Gao C, Zeng J, Jia N, Stavenhagen K, Matsumoto Y, Zhang H, Li J, Hume AJ, Mühlberger E, van Die I, Kwan J, Tantisira K, Emili A, Cummings RD. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Interacts with Multiple Innate Immune Receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.07.29.227462. [PMID: 32766577 PMCID: PMC7402034 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.29.227462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein in the envelope of SARS-CoV-2 is densely glycosylated but the functions of its glycosylation are unknown. Here we demonstrate that S is recognized in a glycan-dependent manner by multiple innate immune receptors including the mannose receptor MR/CD206, DC-SIGN/CD209, L-SIGN/CD209L, and MGL/CLEC10A/CD301. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses indicate that such receptors are highly expressed in innate immune cells in tissues susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Binding of the above receptors to S is characterized by affinities in the picomolar range and consistent with S glycosylation analysis demonstrating a variety of N- and O-glycans as receptor ligands. These results indicate multiple routes for SARS-CoV-2 to interact with human cells and suggest alternative strategies for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathrin Stavenhagen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Irma van Die
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry and Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118 USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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1616
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Bouayad A. Innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2: Comparison with SARS-CoV. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:1-9. [PMID: 32734714 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes Covid-19 pandemic disease with severe respiratory illness. Multiple strategies enable SARS-CoV-2 to eventually overcome antiviral innate immune mechanisms which are important components of viral pathogenesis. This review considers several mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 innate immune evasion including suppression of IFN-α/β production at the earliest stage of infection, mechanisms that exhaust natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, overstimulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and induction of a cytokine storm. A comparison with SARS-CoV is made. Greater knowledge of these and other immune evasion tactics may provide us with improved possibilities for research into this novel deadly virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouayad
- Laboratory of Immunohematology and Cellular Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.,Laboratory of Immunology, Mohammed VI Hospital, Oujda, Morocco
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1617
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Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Braz-de-Melo HA, Faria SS, Santos IDO, Kobinger GP, Magalhães KG. Hypercoagulopathy and Adipose Tissue Exacerbated Inflammation May Explain Higher Mortality in COVID-19 Patients With Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:530. [PMID: 32849309 PMCID: PMC7399077 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is characterized by pneumonia, lymphopenia, exhausted lymphocytes and a cytokine storm. Several reports from around the world have identified obesity and severe obesity as one of the strongest risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Moreover, countries with greater obesity prevalence have a higher morbidity and mortality risk of developing serious outcomes from COVID-19. The understanding of how this increased susceptibility of the people with obesity to develop severe forms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs is crucial for implementing appropriate public health and therapeutic strategies to avoid COVID-19 severe symptoms and complications in people living with obesity. We hypothesize here that increased ACE2 expression in adipose tissue displayed by people with obesity may increase SARS-CoV-2 infection and accessibility to this tissue. Individuals with obesity have increased white adipose tissue, which may act as a reservoir for a more extensive viral spread with increased shedding, immune activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine amplification. Here we discuss how obesity is related to a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation, increased SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry in adipose tissue and induction of hypercoagulopathy, leading people with obesity to develop severe forms of COVID-19 and also death. Taken together, it may be crucial to better explore the role of visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and investigate the potential therapeutic effect of using specific target anti-inflammatories (canakinumab or anakinra for IL-1β inhibition; anti-IL-6 antibodies for IL-6 inhibition), anticoagulant or anti-diabetic drugs in COVID-19 treatment of people with obesity. Defining the immunopathological changes in COVID-19 patients with obesity can provide prominent targets for drug discovery and clinical management improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Socorro Faria
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gary P. Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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1618
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Eketunde AO, Mellacheruvu SP, Oreoluwa P. A Review of Postmortem Findings in Patients With COVID-19. Cureus 2020; 12:e9438. [PMID: 32864262 PMCID: PMC7451084 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple public health problems have been caused by various coronavirus strains over the last few years, such as the middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and COVID-19. COVID-19, which is also known as coronavirus disease 2019, was first detected in Wuhan, China, and has significantly impacted people's health and lives. Additionally, it has led to a pandemic, and the virus has spread to over 121 countries worldwide. There is numerous information available regarding this virus. A detailed and extensive study of the morphological and histopathological findings will help understand and diagnose the disease. As it is a new disease, it is challenging to understand the mechanism of the action and disease pathology due to the limited availability of data from autopsies or biopsies. However, as the detailed mechanism of injury remains unclear, this paper aims to review the postmortem gross and histopathological findings of various organs that have been affected with coronavirus, focusing on the pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic findings. This paper emphasizes the postmortem findings of the effect of the coronavirus disease on multiple organ systems. Advance search of the keywords on PubMed was used, limiting the search to the last five years. The eligible article is narrowed based on relevance containing postmortem findings of the novel virus; COVID-19. A total of 25 full-text articles were selected and used in the review of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philip Oreoluwa
- Public Health, John Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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1619
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Liu J, Wan M, Lyon CJ, Hu TY. Nanomedicine therapies modulating Macrophage Dysfunction: a potential strategy to attenuate Cytokine Storms in severe infections. Theranostics 2020; 10:9591-9600. [PMID: 32863947 PMCID: PMC7449915 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storms, defined by the dysregulated and excessive production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, are closely associated with the pathology and mortality of several infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Effective therapies are urgently needed to block the development of cytokine storms to improve patient outcomes, but approaches that target individual cytokines may have limited effect due to the number of cytokines involved in this process. Dysfunctional macrophages appear to play an essential role in cytokine storm development, and therapeutic interventions that target these cells may be a more feasible approach than targeting specific cytokines. Nanomedicine-based therapeutics that target macrophages have recently been shown to reduce cytokine production in animal models of diseases that are associated with excessive proinflammatory responses. In this mini-review, we summarize important studies and discuss how macrophage-targeted nanomedicines can be employed to attenuate cytokine storms and their associated pathological effects to improve outcomes in patients with severe infections or other conditions associated with excessive pro-inflammatory responses. We also discuss engineering approaches that can improve nanocarriers targeting efficiency to macrophages, and key issues should be considered before initiating such studies.
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1620
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Yao C, Bora SA, Parimon T, Zaman T, Friedman OA, Palatinus JA, Surapaneni NS, Matusov YP, Chiang GC, Kassar AG, Patel N, Green CER, Aziz AW, Suri H, Suda J, Lopez AA, Martins GA, Stripp BR, Gharib SA, Goodridge HS, Chen P. Cell type-specific immune dysregulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.07.23.20161182. [PMID: 32743611 PMCID: PMC7386732 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.23.20161182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become the most serious pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. In extreme situations, patients develop a dysregulated inflammatory lung injury called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that causes progressive respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Recent studies have demonstrated immunologic dysfunction in severely ill COVID-19 patients. To further delineate the dysregulated immune response driving more severe clinical course from SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to analyze the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients having mild disease (n = 5), developing ARDS (n = 6), and recovering from ARDS (n = 6). Our data demonstrated an overwhelming inflammatory response with select immunodeficiencies within various immune populations in ARDS patients. Specifically, their monocytes had defects in antigen presentation and deficiencies in interferon responsiveness that contrasted the higher interferon signals in lymphocytes. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity was suppressed in both NK and CD8 lymphocytes whereas B cell activation was deficient, which is consistent with the delayed viral clearance in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Finally, we identified altered signaling pathways in the severe group that suggests immunosenescence and immunometabolic changes could be contributing to the dysfunctional immune response. Our study demonstrates that COVID-19 patients with ARDS have an immunologically distinct response when compared to those with a more innocuous disease course and show a state of immune imbalance in which deficiencies in both the innate and adaptive immune response may be contributing to a more severe disease course in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stephanie A Bora
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tanzira Zaman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Oren A Friedman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Palatinus
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nirmala S Surapaneni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yuri P Matusov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giuliana Cerro Chiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alexander G Kassar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nayan Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chelsi ER Green
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adam W Aziz
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harshpreet Suri
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jo Suda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andres A Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gislaine A Martins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute (IBIRI), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen S Goodridge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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1621
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Kanthi Y, Knight JS, Zuo Y, Pinsky DJ. New (re)purpose for an old drug: purinergic modulation may extinguish the COVID-19 thromboinflammatory firestorm. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140971. [PMID: 32530438 PMCID: PMC7453890 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is discussed as a potential therapeutic target to reduced COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Section of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - Yu Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and
| | - David J. Pinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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1622
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Schwarz B, Sharma L, Roberts L, Peng X, Bermejo S, Leighton I, Massana AC, Farhadian S, Ko AI, Cruz CSD, Bosio CM. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is defined by a shift in the serum lipidome resulting in dysregulation of eicosanoid immune mediators. RESEARCH SQUARE 2020:rs.3.rs-42999. [PMID: 32743565 PMCID: PMC7386513 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-42999/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 10 million people worldwide with mortality exceeding half a million patients. Risk factors associated with severe disease and mortality include advanced age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.1 Clear mechanistic understanding of how these comorbidities converge to enable severe infection is lacking. Notably each of these risk factors pathologically disrupts the lipidome and this disruption may be a unifying feature of severe COVID-19.1-7 Here we provide the first in depth interrogation of lipidomic changes, including structural-lipids as well as the eicosanoids and docosanoids lipid mediators (LMs), that mark COVID-19 disease severity. Our data reveal that progression from moderate to severe disease is marked by a loss of specific immune regulatory LMs and increased pro-inflammatory species. Given the important immune regulatory role of LMs, these data provide mechanistic insight into the immune balance in COVID-19 and potential targets for therapy with currently approved pharmaceuticals.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lydia Roberts
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Santos Bermejo
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ian Leighton
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Shelli Farhadian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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1623
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Lee JS, Park S, Jeong HW, Ahn JY, Choi SJ, Lee H, Choi B, Nam SK, Sa M, Kwon JS, Jeong SJ, Lee HK, Park SH, Park SH, Choi JY, Kim SH, Jung I, Shin EC. Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/49/eabd1554. [PMID: 32651212 PMCID: PMC7402635 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some patients suffer from severe COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation. To identify factors driving severe progression of COVID-19, we performed single-cell RNA-seq using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors, patients with mild or severe COVID-19, and patients with severe influenza. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited hyper-inflammatory signatures across all types of cells among PBMCs, particularly up-regulation of the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammatory response as compared to severe influenza. In classical monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19, type I IFN response co-existed with the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammation, and this was not seen in patients with milder COVID-19. Interestingly, we documented type I IFN-driven inflammatory features in patients with severe influenza as well. Based on this, we propose that the type I IFN response plays a pivotal role in exacerbating inflammation in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwan Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Baekgyu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kyung Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moa Sa
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kwon
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,The Center for Epidemic Preparedness, KAIST Institute, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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1624
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Evaluation of coagulation status using viscoelastic testing in intensive care patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An observational point prevalence cohort study. Aust Crit Care 2020; 34:155-159. [PMID: 32773357 PMCID: PMC7373052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is associated with a high rate of thrombosis, the pathophysiology of which is not well defined. Viscoelastic testing may identify and characterise hypercoagulable states which are not apparent using conventional coagulation assays. Objectives The objective of this study was to undertake viscoelastic evaluation of the coagulation state in critically ill adults with COVID-19–associated respiratory failure Methods This was a single-centre observational point prevalence cohort study of adults with COVID-19–associated respiratory failure requiring respiratory support in the intensive care unit. Coagulation status was evaluated using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in conjunction with laboratory markers of coagulation. Results Six patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. Each patient had one ROTEM® performed. All patients had supranormal clot amplitude at 10 min (A10) and supranormal clot firmness (maximal clot firmness) measured in at least one ROTEM® pathway, and five were supranormal on all pathways. Minimal clot lysis was present on all analyses. Fibrinogen and D-dimer were elevated and routine markers of coagulation within normal ranges in all patients. Conclusion Patients with COVID-19–associated respiratory failure admitted to the intensive care unit exhibit a hypercoagulable state which is not appreciable on conventional tests of coagulation. Supranormal clot firmness, minimal fibrinolysis, and hyperfibrinogenaemia are key findings. Further research is required into the pathophysiology of this hypercoagulable state, as well as the harms and benefits of different anticoagulation strategies.
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1625
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Huang W, Berube J, McNamara M, Saksena S, Hartman M, Arshad T, Bornheimer SJ, O'Gorman M. Lymphocyte Subset Counts in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Cytometry A 2020; 97:772-776. [PMID: 32542842 PMCID: PMC7323417 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reduced peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count with an elevated neutrophil count has been a consistent observation in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients. In this brief meta‐analysis, the reduction of lymphocyte subset counts in COVID‐19 patients was investigated across 20 peer‐reviewed studies meeting criteria for reporting lymphocyte subset counts and COVID‐19 disease severity. CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, B cell, NK cell, and total lymphocyte cell counts all showed statistically significant reduction in patients with severe/critical COVID‐19 disease compared to mild/moderate disease. T‐cell subsets showed the largest standardized magnitude of change. In some studies, multivariate analysis has shown that CD4 and/or CD8 T‐cells counts are independently predictive of patient outcomes. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- BD Biosciences, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Julie Berube
- BD Global Clinical Development, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maurice O'Gorman
- Department of Pathology, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, USA
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1626
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Franco R, Rivas-Santisteban R, Serrano-Marín J, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Navarro G. SARS-CoV-2 as a Factor to Disbalance the Renin–Angiotensin System: A Suspect in the Case of Exacerbated IL-6 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1198-1206. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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1627
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Lu L, Zhang H, Zhan M, Jiang J, Yin H, Dauphars DJ, Li SY, Li Y, He YW. Preventing Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: Which Cytokine to Target in a Raging Storm? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:677. [PMID: 32766256 PMCID: PMC7379422 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. A major underlying cause of COVID-19 mortality is a hyperinflammatory cytokine storm in severe/critically ill patients. Although many clinical trials are testing the efficacy of targeting inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in COVID-19 patients, the critical inflammatory mediator initiating COVID-19 patient death is undefined. Here we suggest that the immunopathological pathway leading to COVID-19 mortality can be divided into three stages with distinct clinical features that can be used to guide therapeutic strategies. Our interpretation of the recently published clinical trials from COVID-19 patients suggests that the clinical efficacy in preventing COVID-19 mortality using IL-1 blockade is subjected to notable caveats, while that for IL-6 blockade is suboptimal. We discuss critical factors in determining appropriate inflammatory cytokine/chemokine targets, timing, and combination of treatments to prevent COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Lu
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Danielle J. Dauphars
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Shi-You Li
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc., Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
| | - You-Wen He
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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1628
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Abstract
Increased general inflammation in aging inhibits immunity and affects responses to infections
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, The Rayne Building, University College London, 5 University Street, London, UK.
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Division of Medicine, The Rayne Building, University College London, 5 University Street, London, UK
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1629
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Kuri-Cervantes L, Pampena MB, Meng W, Rosenfeld AM, Ittner CAG, Weisman AR, Agyekum RS, Mathew D, Baxter AE, Vella LA, Kuthuru O, Apostolidis SA, Bershaw L, Dougherty J, Greenplate AR, Pattekar A, Kim J, Han N, Gouma S, Weirick ME, Arevalo CP, Bolton MJ, Goodwin EC, Anderson EM, Hensley SE, Jones TK, Mangalmurti NS, Luning Prak ET, Wherry EJ, Meyer NJ, Betts MR. Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with severe COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eabd7114. [PMID: 32669287 PMCID: PMC7402634 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although critical illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals. We identified extensive induction and activation of multiple immune lineages, including T cell activation, oligoclonal plasmablast expansion, and Fc and trafficking receptor modulation on innate lymphocytes and granulocytes, that distinguished severe COVID-19 cases from healthy donors or SARS-CoV-2-recovered or moderate severity patients. We found the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to be a prognostic biomarker of disease severity and organ failure. Our findings demonstrate broad innate and adaptive leukocyte perturbations that distinguish dysregulated host responses in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and warrant therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Caroline A G Ittner
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ariel R Weisman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roseline S Agyekum
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Vella
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Luanne Bershaw
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jeanette Dougherty
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Allison R Greenplate
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ajinkya Pattekar
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Justin Kim
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Han
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tiffanie K Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nilam S Mangalmurti
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Lung Biology, Lung Biology Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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1630
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Wang B, Van Oekelen O, Mouhieddine TH, Del Valle DM, Richter J, Cho HJ, Richard S, Chari A, Gnjatic S, Merad M, Jagannath S, Parekh S, Madduri D. A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:94. [PMID: 32664919 PMCID: PMC7359431 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 100,000 deaths in the USA. Our institution has treated over 2000 COVID-19 patients during the pandemic in New York City. The pandemic directly impacted cancer patients and the organization of cancer care. Mount Sinai Hospital has a large and diverse multiple myeloma (MM) population. Herein, we report the characteristics of COVID-19 infection and serological response in MM patients in a large tertiary care institution in New York. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on a cohort of 58 patients with a plasma-cell disorder (54 MM, 4 smoldering MM) who developed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. We report epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics including the persistence of viral detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, treatments initiated, and outcomes. RESULTS Of the 58 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 36 were hospitalized and 22 were managed at home. The median age was 67 years; 52% of patients were male and 63% were non-White. Hypertension (64%), hyperlipidemia (62%), obesity (37%), diabetes mellitus (28%), chronic kidney disease (24%), and lung disease (21%) were the most common comorbidities. In the total cohort, 14 patients (24%) died. Older age (> 70 years), male sex, cardiovascular risk, and patients not in complete remission (CR) or stringent CR were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with hospitalization. Among hospitalized patients, laboratory findings demonstrated elevation of traditional inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin, D-dimer) and a significant (p < 0.05) association between elevated inflammatory markers, severe hypogammaglobulinemia, non-White race, and mortality. Ninety-six percent (22/23) of patients developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at a median of 32 days after initial diagnosis. The median time to PCR negativity was 43 (range 19-68) days from initial positive PCR. CONCLUSIONS Drug exposure and MM disease status at the time of contracting COVID-19 had no bearing on mortality. Mounting a severe inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 and severe hypogammaglobulinemia was associated with higher mortality. The majority of patients mounted an antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. These findings pave a path to the identification of vulnerable MM patients who need early intervention to improve outcomes in future outbreaks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Oliver Van Oekelen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diane Marie Del Valle
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Richter
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hearn Jay Cho
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shambavi Richard
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ajai Chari
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sundar Jagannath
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Deepu Madduri
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10 East 102nd Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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1631
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Schwarz B, Sharma L, Roberts L, Peng X, Bermejo S, Leighton I, Massana AC, Farhadian S, Ko AI, Cruz CSD, Bosio CM. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans is defined by a shift in the serum lipidome resulting in dysregulation of eicosanoid immune mediators. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.07.09.20149849. [PMID: 32676616 PMCID: PMC7359541 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.09.20149849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 10 million people worldwide with mortality exceeding half a million patients. Risk factors associated with severe disease and mortality include advanced age,hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Clear mechanistic understanding of how these comorbidities converge to enable severe infection is lacking. Notably each of these risk factors pathologically disrupts the lipidome and this disruption may be a unifying feature of severe COVID-19. Here we provide the first in depth interrogation of lipidomic changes, including structural-lipids as well as the eicosanoids and docosanoids lipid mediators (LMs), that mark COVID-19 disease severity. Our data reveal that progression from moderate to severe disease is marked by a loss of specific immune regulatory LMs and increased pro-inflammatory species. Given the important immune regulatory role of LMs, these data provide mechanistic insight into the immune balance in COVID-19 and potential targets for therapy with currently approved pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lydia Roberts
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Santos Bermejo
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ian Leighton
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Arnau Casanovas Massana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Shelli Farhadian
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Albert I. Ko
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520
| | | | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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1632
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Cardona-Ospina JA, Arteaga-Livias K, Villamil-Gómez WE, Pérez-Díaz CE, Katterine Bonilla-Aldana D, Mondragon-Cardona Á, Solarte-Portilla M, Martinez E, Millan-Oñate J, López-Medina E, López P, Navarro JC, Perez-Garcia L, Mogollon-Rodriguez E, Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Paniz-Mondolfi A. Dengue and COVID-19, overlapping epidemics? An analysis from Colombia. J Med Virol 2020; 93:522-527. [PMID: 32558962 PMCID: PMC7323437 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has rapidly spread throughout Latin America, a region swept by multiple previous and ongoing epidemics. There are significant concerns that the arrival of COVID‐19 is currently overlapping with other viruses, particularly dengue, in various endo‐epidemic regions across South America. In this report, we analyzed trends for both viral infections in Colombia during the first 20 epidemiological weeks (EWs) of 2020. From 1st January to 16th May 2020 (EWs, 1‐20), a total of 52 679 cases of dengue and 14 943 cases of COVID‐19 have been confirmed in Colombia. As both conditions may potentially lead to fatal outcomes, especially in patients with chronic co‐morbidities, overlapping infections, and co‐occurrence may increase the number of patients requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. In regions, such as Valle del Cauca, intensified preparation for such scenarios should be pondered, and further studies should be performed to address this critical issue in a timely matter. Overlap between COVID‐19 and endemic diseases, such as Dengue, in certain regions, such as Latin America, is a mattern of concern. In Colombia during the first 20 epidemiological weeks of 2020, a total of 52,679 cases of dengue and 14,943 cases of COVID‐19 have been confirmed. Both conditions may potentially lead to fatal outcomes, especially in patients with chronic co‐morbidities. COVID‐19 and dengue together may increase the number of patients requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Further studies should be performed to address this critical issue in a timely matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia.,Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Infección e Inmunidad, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Semillero de Investigación en Infecciones Emergentes y Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas-Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Comittee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Kovy Arteaga-Livias
- Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán, Huánuco, Peru.,Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gómez
- Comittee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia.,Programa del Doctorado de Medicina Tropical, SUE Caribe, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Carlos E Pérez-Díaz
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clinica Marly, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital de La Samaritana, DC, Colombia
| | - D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Comittee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Semillero de Investigación en Zoonosis (SIZOO), Grupo de Investigación BIOECOS, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Álvaro Mondragon-Cardona
- Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Navarra, Neiva, Huila, Colombia.,Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Surcolombiana, Neiva, Huila, Colombia.,Internal Medicine Department and Intensive Care Unit, Clinica EMCOSALUDClinica Uros, Neiva, Huila, Colombia
| | - Marco Solarte-Portilla
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia.,Program of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Department of Epidemiological Surveillance, ESE Pasto Salud, Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
| | - Ernesto Martinez
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Jose Millan-Oñate
- Adult and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Eduardo López-Medina
- Adult and Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Pio López
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Centro de Estudios en Infectología Pediátrica, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Natural Sciences and Environment Faculty, Master School of Biomedicine, Center for Biodiversity, Emerging Diseases and Environmental Health, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Perez-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Edo. Lara, Venezuela
| | - Euler Mogollon-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Edo. Lara, Venezuela
| | - Alfonso J Rodríguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia.,Public Health and Infection Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación Infección e Inmunidad, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Semillero de Investigación en Infecciones Emergentes y Medicina Tropical, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Emerging Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Group, Instituto para la Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas-Sci-Help, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Comittee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.,Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Master in Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi
- Coordination, Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19), Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas IDB, Incubadora Venezolana de la Ciencia, Cabudare, Edo. Lara, Venezuela.,Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Bioquímica de Parásitos, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela.,International Membership, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Caracas, Venezuela
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and (select (case when (5705=1121) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,5705) end) from dual) is null-- ehdm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and (select (case when (2527=2527) then null else ctxsys.drithsx.sn(1,2527) end) from dual) is null] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and 4130=(select upper(xmltype(chr(60)||chr(58)||chr(113)||chr(122)||chr(118)||chr(107)||chr(113)||(select (case when (4130=4130) then 1 else 0 end) from dual)||chr(113)||chr(106)||chr(98)||chr(106)||chr(113)||chr(62))) from dual)-- dlpk] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 rlike (select (case when (3027=3027) then 0x31302e313033382f7334313539312d3032302d303936382d33 else 0x28 end))-- ezyj] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and 2832 in (select (char(113)+char(122)+char(118)+char(107)+char(113)+(select (case when (2832=2832) then char(49) else char(48) end))+char(113)+char(106)+char(98)+char(106)+char(113)))-- enfp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and 7056=3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 and 3729=3729-- zcki] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gupta A, Madhavan MV, Sehgal K, Nair N, Mahajan S, Sehrawat TS, Bikdeli B, Ahluwalia N, Ausiello JC, Wan EY, Freedberg DE, Kirtane AJ, Parikh SA, Maurer MS, Nordvig AS, Accili D, Bathon JM, Mohan S, Bauer KA, Leon MB, Krumholz HM, Uriel N, Mehra MR, Elkind MSV, Stone GW, Schwartz A, Ho DD, Bilezikian JP, Landry DW. Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3 rlike (select (case when (2548=8312) then 0x31302e313033382f7334313539312d3032302d303936382d33 else 0x28 end))-- pcpc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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1649
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