1851
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Fehlbaum S, Prudence K, Kieboom J, Heerikhuisen M, van den Broek T, Schuren FHJ, Steinert RE, Raederstorff D. In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103097. [PMID: 30308944 PMCID: PMC6213619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the concept of prebiotics has been revisited to expand beyond non-digestible oligosaccharides, and the requirements for selective stimulation were extended to include microbial groups other than, and additional to, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Here, the gut microbiota-modulating effects of well-known and novel prebiotics were studied. An in vitro fermentation screening platform (i-screen) was inoculated with adult fecal microbiota, exposed to different dietary fibers that had a range of concentrations (inulin, alpha-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (alpha-GOS), beta-linked GOS, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from corn cobs and high-fiber sugar cane, and beta-glucan from oats), and compared to a positive fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) control and a negative control (no fiber addition). All dietary fibers displayed prebiotic activity, with beta-glucan showing more distinct effects on the microbial composition and metabolism compared to the other fibers. Beta-glucan induced the growth of Prevotella and Roseburia with a concomitant increase in propionate production. Inulin and both forms of GOS and XOS had a strong bifidogenic effect on the microbial composition. A dose-response effect was observed for butyrate when exposed to beta-glucan and inulin. The findings of this study support the potential for alpha-GOS, XOS, and oat beta-glucan to serve as novel prebiotics, due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid production that point to potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Fehlbaum
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Kevin Prudence
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jasper Kieboom
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Microbiology and Systems Biology, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Margreet Heerikhuisen
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Microbiology and Systems Biology, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim van den Broek
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Microbiology and Systems Biology, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank H J Schuren
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Microbiology and Systems Biology, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Raederstorff
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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1852
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Vitetta L, Vitetta G, Hall S. Immunological Tolerance and Function: Associations Between Intestinal Bacteria, Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Phages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2240. [PMID: 30356736 PMCID: PMC6189397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-birth there is a bacterial assault on all mucosal surfaces. The intestinal microbiome is an important participant in health and disease. The pattern of composition and concentration of the intestinal microbiome varies greatly. Therefore, achieving immunological tolerance in the first 3-4 years of life is critical for maintaining health throughout a lifetime. Probiotic bacteria are organisms that afford beneficial health effects to the host and in certain instances may protect against the development of disease. The potential benefits of modifying the composition of the intestinal microbial cohort for therapeutic benefit is evident in the use in high risks groups such as premature infants, children receiving antibiotics, rotavirus infections in non-vaccinated children and traveler's diarrhea in adults. Probiotics and prebiotics are postulated to have immunomodulating capabilities by influencing the intestinal microbial cohort and dampening the activity of pathobiont intestinal microbes, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Clostridia perfringens. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are examples of probiotics found in the large intestine and so far, the benefits afforded to probiotics have varied in efficacy. Most likely the efficacy of probiotic bacteria has a multifactorial dependency, namely on a number of factors that include agents used, the dose, the pattern of dosing, and the characteristics of the host and the underlying luminal microbial environment and the activity of bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, are small viruses that infect and lyse intestinal bacteria. As such it can be posited that these viruses display an effective local protective control mechanism for the intestinal barrier against commensal pathobionts that indirectly may assist the host in controlling bacterial concentrations in the gut. A co-operative activity may be envisaged between the intestinal epithelia, mucosal immunity and the activity of bacteriophages to eliminate pathobiots, highlighting the potential role of bacteriophages in assisting with maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Hence bacteriophage local control of inflammation and immune responses may be an additional immunological defense mechanism that exploits bacteriophage-mucin glycoprotein interactions that controls bacterial diversity and abundance in the mucin layers of the gut. Moreover, and importantly the efficacy of probiotics may be dependent on the symbiotic incorporation of prebiotics, and the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiome encountered. The virome may be an important factor that determines the efficacy of some probiotic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Vitetta
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sean Hall
- Medlab Clinical Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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1853
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Zhang C, Jiao S, Wang ZA, Du Y. Exploring Effects of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Mice Gut Microbiota in in vitro Fermentation and Animal Model. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2388. [PMID: 30356845 PMCID: PMC6190755 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have shown positive effects on host gut health and influence on intestinal microbial community. However, the bioactivity and mechanism of COS on gut microbiota is still poorly understood. Here, we presented systematic studies of COS on mice fecal/gut microbiota. During in vitro fermentation of COS by mice gut microbiota, total bacterial population significantly decreased after 8-h COS treatment but was returned to the normal level after extended incubation. Consumption of COS and production of SCFAs suggested that COS were utilized by the microbe, although the consumption of chitosan pentasaccharides was obviously slower than others. COS treatments on mice fecal samples caused the decrease of potential pathogenic genera Escherichia/Shigella and the increase of genus Parabacteroides. In vivo animal study indicated that COS reduced population of probiotic genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and harmful genus Desulfovibrio, and increased abundance of genus Akkermansia. Phylum Proteobacteria was significantly inhibited by COS both in the animal model and in vitro fermentation. Our findings suggested that COS could reform the community structure of gut microbiota. The relationship among COS, gut microbiota and host health deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo A Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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1854
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Noor F, Kaysen A, Wilmes P, Schneider JG. The Gut Microbiota and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Challenges and Potentials. J Innate Immun 2018; 11:405-415. [PMID: 30286447 DOI: 10.1159/000492943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota gained tremendous importance in the last decade as next-generation technologies of sequencing and multiomics analyses linked the role of the microbial communities to host physiology and pathophysiology. A growing number of human pathologies and diseases are linked to the gut microbiota. One of the main mechanisms by which the microbiota influences the host is through its interactions with the host immune system. These interactions with both innate and adaptive host intestinal and extraintestinal immunity, although usually commensalistic even mutualistic with the host, in some cases lead to serious health effects. In the case of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), the disruption of the intestinal microbiota diversity is associated with acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Causing inflammation of the liver, skin, lungs, and the intestine, GvHD occurs in 40-50% of patients undergoing allo-HSCT and results in significant posttransplantation mortality. In this review, we highlight the impact of the gut microbiota on the host immunity in GvHD and the potential of microbiota in alleviation or even prevention of GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Noor
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Kaysen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen G Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg, .,Saarland University Medical Center, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Homburg, Germany, .,Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg,
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1855
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Alterations in gut bacterial and fungal microbiomes are associated with bacterial Keratitis, an inflammatory disease of the human eye. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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1856
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Regulation of Antimicrobial Pathways by Endogenous Heat Shock Proteins in Gastrointestinal Disorders. GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/gidisord1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are essential mediators of cellular homeostasis by maintaining protein functionality and stability, and activating appropriate immune cells. HSP activity is influenced by a variety of factors including diet, microbial stimuli, environment and host immunity. The overexpression and down-regulation of HSPs is associated with various disease phenotypes, including the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn’s disease (CD). While the precise etiology of CD remains unclear, many of the putative triggers also influence HSP activity. The development of different CD phenotypes therefore may be a result of the disease-modifying behavior of the environmentally-regulated HSPs. Understanding the role of bacterial and endogenous HSPs in host homeostasis and disease will help elucidate the complex interplay of factors. Furthermore, discerning the function of HSPs in CD may lead to therapeutic developments that better reflect and respond to the gut environment.
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1857
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Chen Z, Wu Y, Shrestha R, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Miura Y, Tamakoshi A, Chiba H, Hui SP. Determination of total, free and esterified short-chain fatty acid in human serum by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 56:190-197. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563218801393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Short-chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed through the portal vein during lipid digestion, which is utilized as the energy source, as well as prevent type 2 diabetes and some cancers. However, reports on the determination of these short-chain fatty acids in human serum are limited. Methods Blood samples from human subjects ( n = 547, male/female = 246/301, age 58.85 ± 12.57) were collected. Saponification was applied to obtain total fatty acid. After derivatization by 2-nitrophenylhydrazine, fatty acid 4:0 and fatty acid 6:0 were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results The developed method exhibited good linearity (R2 = 0.9996 for both). All the coefficients of variation of reproducibility and accuracy for fatty acid 4:0 and fatty acid 6:0 ranged 3.0%−6.1%, with the average recoveries of 87.8%−102.4% and 92.2%−98.2%, respectively. In all the samples, the concentration of fatty acid 4:0 (162.4 ± 76.4 μmol/L) was significantly higher than fatty acid 6:0 (2.0 ± 2.5 μmol/L, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the esterified form was predominant in both fatty acid 4:0 and fatty acid 6:0 (98.2% and 82.4% of total fatty acids, respectively). Besides, short-chain fatty acids showed no significant differences with regard to sex or age differences. Conclusion This developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method is convenient and reliable, which might be useful for monitoring the variations of short-chain fatty acids in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yue Wu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rojeet Shrestha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zijun Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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1858
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Shimizu J, Kubota T, Takada E, Takai K, Fujiwara N, Arimitsu N, Murayama MA, Ueda Y, Wakisaka S, Suzuki T, Suzuki N. Propionate-producing bacteria in the intestine may associate with skewed responses of IL10-producing regulatory T cells in patients with relapsing polychondritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203657. [PMID: 30235279 PMCID: PMC6147427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an inflammatory disease of unknown causes, characterized by recurrent inflammation in cartilaginous tissues of the whole body. Recently, researchers have reported that, in mouse experiments, altered gut microbe-dependent T cell differentiation occurred in gut associated lymphoid tissues. Here, we investigated whether gut microbe alteration existed, and if so, the alteration affected peripheral T cell differentiation in patients with RP. In an analysis of gut microbiota, we found increased annotated species numbers in RP patients compared with normal individuals. In the RP gut microbiota, we observed several predominant species, namely Veillonella parvula, Bacteroides eggerthii, Bacteroides fragilis, Ruminococcus bromii, and Eubacterium dolichum, all species of which were reported to associate with propionate production in human intestine. Propionate is a short-chain fatty acid and is suggested to associate with interleukin (IL)10-producing regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation in gut associated lymphoid tissues. IL10 gene expressions were moderately higher in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of RP patients than those of normal individuals. Six hours after the initiation of the cell culture, regardless of the presence and absence of mitogen stimulation, IL10 gene expressions were significantly lower in RP patients than those in normal individuals. It is well known that PBMC of patients with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases show hyporesponsiveness to mitogen stimulation. We suggest that, in RP patients, continuous stimulation of intestinal T cells by excessive propionate leads to the spontaneous IL10 production and a subsequent refractory period of T cells in patients with RP. The hyporesponsiveness of Treg cells upon activation may associate with inflammatory cytokine production of PBMC and subsequently relate to chondritis in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takao Kubota
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Medicine, the Japan Self Defense Forces Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Takada
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Takai
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naruyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Nagisa Arimitsu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masanori A. Murayama
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueda
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Sueshige Wakisaka
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Noboru Suzuki
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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1859
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Anand S, Mande SS. Diet, Microbiota and Gut-Lung Connection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2147. [PMID: 30283410 PMCID: PMC6156521 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial community (Gut microbiota) is known to impact metabolic functions as well as immune responses in our body. Diet plays an important role in determining the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbes help in assimilating dietary nutrients which are indigestible by humans. The metabolites produced by them not only modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, but also impact distal organs like lung and brain. Micro-aspiration of gut bacteria or movement of sensitized immune cells through lymph or bloodstream can also influence immune response of other organs. Dysbiosis in gut microbiota has been implicated in several lung diseases, including allergy, asthma and cystic fibrosis. The bi-directional cross-talk between gut and lung (termed as Gut-Lung axis) is best exemplified by intestinal disturbances observed in lung diseases. Some of the existing probiotics show beneficial effects on lung health. A deeper understanding of the gut microbiome which comprises of all the genetic material within the gut microbiota and its role in respiratory disorders is likely to help in designing appropriate probiotic cocktails for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadha Anand
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
| | - Sharmila S Mande
- Bio-Sciences R&D Division, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services Ltd., Pune, India
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1860
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Lee SH, Yun Y, Kim SJ, Lee EJ, Chang Y, Ryu S, Shin H, Kim HL, Kim HN, Lee JH. Association between Cigarette Smoking Status and Composition of Gut Microbiota: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7090282. [PMID: 30223529 PMCID: PMC6162563 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been few large-scale studies on the relationship between smoking and gut microbiota. We investigated the relationship between smoking status and the composition of gut microbiota. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using Healthcare Screening Center cohort data. A total of 758 men were selected and divided into three groups: never (n = 288), former (n = 267), and current smokers (n = 203). Among the three groups, there was no difference in alpha diversity, however, Jaccard-based beta diversity showed significant difference (p = 0.015). Pairwise permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) tests between never and former smokers did not show a difference; however, there was significant difference between never and current smokers (p = 0.017) and between former and current smokers (p = 0.011). Weighted UniFrac-based beta diversity also showed significant difference among the three groups (p = 0.038), and pairwise PERMANOVA analysis of never and current smokers showed significant difference (p = 0.01). In the analysis of bacterial composition, current smokers had an increased proportion of the phylum Bacteroidetes with decreased Firmicutes and Proteobacteria compared with never smokers, whereas there were no differences between former and never smokers. In conclusion, gut microbiota composition of current smokers was significantly different from that of never smokers. Additionally, there was no difference in gut microbiota composition between never and former smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yeojun Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Soo Jung Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea.
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, 29, Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea.
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea.
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1861
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Novel Imidazole and Methoxybenzylamine Growth Inhibitors Affecting Salmonella Cell Envelope Integrity and its Persistence in Chickens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13381. [PMID: 30190570 PMCID: PMC6127322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Salmonella from farm to fork is challenging due to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant isolates and the limited effects of current control methods. Advanced chemical technologies have made accessible a wide range of uncharacterized small molecules (SMs) with encouraging chemical properties for antimicrobial treatment. Of the 4,182 SMs screened in vitro, four cidal SMs were effective at 10 µM and higher against several serotypes, antibiotic-resistant, and biofilm embedded Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium by altering cell membrane integrity. The four SMs displayed synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin, meropenem and cefeprime against Salmonella. Further, the SMs were not pernicious to most eukaryotic cells at 200 μM and cleared internalized Salmonella in infected Caco-2, HD11, and THP-1 cells at 6.25 µM and higher. The SMs also increased the longevity of Salmonella-infected Galleria mellonella larvae and reduced the population of internalized Salmonella Typhimurium. Two of the SMs (SM4 and SM5) also reduced S. Typhimurium load in infected chicken ceca as well as its systemic translocation into other tissues, with minimal impact on the cecal microbiota. This study demonstrated that SMs are a viable source of potential antimicrobials applicable in food animal production against Salmonella.
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1862
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Pascale A, Marchesi N, Marelli C, Coppola A, Luzi L, Govoni S, Giustina A, Gazzaruso C. Microbiota and metabolic diseases. Endocrine 2018; 61:357-371. [PMID: 29721802 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1605-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms consisting of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi, living in different districts of the human body, such as the gastro-enteric tube, skin, mouth, respiratory system, and the vagina. Over 70% of the microbiota lives in the gastrointestinal tract in a mutually beneficial relationship with its host. The microbiota plays a major role in many metabolic functions, including modulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis, regulation of satiety, production of energy and vitamins. It exerts a role in the regulation of several biochemical and physiological mechanisms through the production of metabolites and substances. In addition, the microbiota has important anti-carcinogenetic and anti-inflammatory actions. There is growing evidence that any modification in the microbiota composition can lead to several diseases, including metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This is because alterations in the microbiota composition can cause insulin resistance, inflammation, vascular, and metabolic disorders. The causes of the microbiota alterations and the mechanisms by which microbiota modifications can act on the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have been reported. Current and future preventive and therapeutic strategies to prevent these diseases by an adequate modulation of the microbiota have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology section, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology section, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Marelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology section, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriana Coppola
- Diabetes and endocrine and metabolic diseases Unit and the Centre for Applied Clinical Research (Ce.R.C.A.) Clinical Institute "Beato Matteo" (Hospital Group San Donato), 27029, Vigevano, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20100, Milan, Italy
- Metabolism Research Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology section, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Gazzaruso
- Diabetes and endocrine and metabolic diseases Unit and the Centre for Applied Clinical Research (Ce.R.C.A.) Clinical Institute "Beato Matteo" (Hospital Group San Donato), 27029, Vigevano, Italy.
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1863
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Gindin M, Febvre HP, Rao S, Wallace TC, Weir TL. Bacteriophage for Gastrointestinal Health (PHAGE) Study: Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Supplemental Bacteriophage Consumption. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:68-75. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1483783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Gindin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hallie P. Febvre
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Taylor C. Wallace
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Think Healthy Group, Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Weir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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1864
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Romano KA, Rey FE. Is maternal microbial metabolism an early-life determinant of health? Lab Anim (NY) 2018; 47:239-243. [PMID: 30143761 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-018-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that environmental stress experienced in utero (for example, maternal nutritional deficits) establishes a predisposition in the newborn to the development of chronic diseases later in life. This concept is often referred to as the "fetal origins hypothesis" or "developmental origins of health and disease". Since its first proposal, epigenetics has emerged as an underlying mechanism explaining how environmental cues become gestationally "encoded". Many of the enzymes that impart and maintain epigenetic modifications are highly sensitive to nutrient availability, which can be influenced by the metabolic activities of the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the maternal microbiome has the potential to influence epigenetics in utero and modulate offspring's long-term health trajectories. Here we summarize the current understanding of the interactions that occur between the maternal gut microbiome and the essential nutrient choline, that is not only required for fetal development and epigenetic regulation but is also a growth substrate for some microbes. Bacteria able to metabolize choline benefit from the presence of this nutrient and compete with the host for its access, which under extreme conditions may elicit signatures of choline deficiency. Another consequence of bacterial choline metabolism is the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory, pro-thrombotic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Finally, we discuss how these different facets of microbial choline metabolism may influence infant development and health trajectories via epigenetic mechanisms and more broadly place a call to action to better understand how maternal microbial metabolism can shape their offspring's propensity to chronic disease development later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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1865
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Nagpal R, Wang S, Ahmadi S, Hayes J, Gagliano J, Subashchandrabose S, Kitzman DW, Becton T, Read R, Yadav H. Human-origin probiotic cocktail increases short-chain fatty acid production via modulation of mice and human gut microbiome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12649. [PMID: 30139941 PMCID: PMC6107516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria producing metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g., acetate, propionate and butyrate), are frequently reduced in Patients with diabetes, obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cancers. Hence, microbiome modulators such as probiotics may be helpful in maintaining or even restoring normal gut microbiome composition to benefit host health. Herein, we developed a human-origin probiotic cocktail with the ability to modulate gut microbiota to increase native SCFA production. Following a robust protocol of isolation, characterization and safety validation of infant gut-origin Lactobacillus and Enterococcus strains with probiotic attributes (tolerance to simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, adherence to intestinal epithelial cells, absence of potential virulence genes, cell-surface hydrophobicity, and susceptibility to common antibiotics), we select 10 strains (5 from each genera) out of total 321 isolates. A single dose (oral gavage) as well as 5 consecutive doses of this 10-strain probiotic cocktail in mice modulates gut microbiome and increases SCFA production (particularly propionate and butyrate). Inoculation of these probiotics in human feces also increases SCFA production along with microbiome modulation. Results indicate that human-origin probiotic lactobacilli and enterococci could ameliorate gut microbiome dysbiosis and hence may prove to be a potential therapy for diseases involving reduced SCFAs production in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joshua Hayes
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason Gagliano
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Becton
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Russel Read
- National Center for the Biotechnology Workforce, Forsyth Technical Community College, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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1866
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Bianchi F, Larsen N, de Mello Tieghi T, Adorno MAT, Kot W, Saad SMI, Jespersen L, Sivieri K. Modulation of gut microbiota from obese individuals by in vitro fermentation of citrus pectin in combination with Bifidobacterium longum BB-46. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8827-8840. [PMID: 30121748 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three treatments, i.e., Bifidobacterium longum BB-46 (T1), B. longum BB-46 combined with the pectin (T2), and harsh extracted pectin from lemon (T3) on obesity-related microbiota using the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). The effects of the treatments were assessed by the analysis of the intestinal microbial composition (using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ammonium ions (NH4+). Treatments T2 and T3 stimulated members of the Ruminococcaceae and Succinivibrionaceae families, which were positively correlated with an increase in butyric and acetic acids. Proteolytic bacteria were reduced by the two treatments, concurrently with a decrease in NH4+. Treatment T1 stimulated the production of butyric acid in the simulated transverse and descending colon, reduction of NH4+ as well as the growth of genera Lactobacillus, Megamonas, and members of Lachnospiracea. The results indicate that both B. longum BB-46 and pectin can modulate the obesity-related microbiota; however, when the pectin is combined with B. longum BB-46, the predominant effect of the pectin can be observed. This study showed that the citric pectin is able to stimulate butyrate-producing bacteria as well as genera related with anti-inflammatory effects. However, prospective clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the anti/pro-obesogenic and inflammatory effects of this pectin for future prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Bianchi
- Department of Food Science, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.,Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nadja Larsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Angela Tallarico Adorno
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Food Research Center, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lene Jespersen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food Science, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil.
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1867
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Spielman LJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Unhealthy gut, unhealthy brain: The role of the intestinal microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:149-163. [PMID: 30114473 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms, termed the human microbiota, resides mainly within the gastrointestinal tract. It is widely accepted that highly diverse and stable microbiota promote overall human health. Colonization of the gut with maladaptive and pathogenic microbiota, a state also known as dysbiosis, is associated with a variety of peripheral diseases ranging from type 2 diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with a number of brain pathologies, including autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting a direct or indirect communication between intestinal bacteria and the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we illustrate two pathways implicated in the crosstalk between gut microbiota and CNS involving 1) the vagus nerve and 2) transmission of signaling molecules through the circulatory system and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We summarize the available evidence of the specific changes in the intestinal microbiota, as well as microorganism-induced modifications to intestinal and BBB permeability, which have been linked to several neurodegenerative disorders including ALS, AD, and PD. Even though each of these diseases arises from unique pathogenetic mechanisms, all are characterized, at least in part, by chronic neuroinflammation. We provide an interpretation for the substantial evidence that healthy intestinal microbiota have the ability to positively regulate the neuroimmune responses in the CNS. Even though the evidence is mainly associative, it has been suggested that bacterial dysbiosis could contribute to an adverse neuroinflammatory state leading to increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, developing strategies for regulating and maintaining healthy intestinal microbiota could be a valid approach for lowering individual risk and prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deanna Lynn Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
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1868
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Guzman-Rodriguez M, McDonald JAK, Hyde R, Allen-Vercoe E, Claud EC, Sheth PM, Petrof EO. Using bioreactors to study the effects of drugs on the human microbiota. Methods 2018; 149:31-41. [PMID: 30102990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of complex microbial communities has become a major research focus as mounting evidence suggests the pivotal role microbial communities play in host health and disease. Microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, known as the gut microbiota, have been implicated in aiding the host with vitamin biosynthesis, regulation of host energy metabolism, immune system development, and resistance to pathogen invasion. Conversely, disruptions of the gut microbiota have been linked to host morbidity, including the development of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, increased cardiovascular risk, and increased risk of infectious diseases. However, studying the gut microbiota in humans and animals is challenging, as many microorganisms are fastidious with unique nutritional or environmental requirements that are often not met using conventional culture techniques. Bioreactors provide a unique solution to overcome some of the limitations of conventional culture techniques. Bioreactors have been used to propagate and establish complex microbial communities in vitro by recapitulating the physiological conditions found in the GI tract. These systems further our understanding of microbial physiology and facilitate our understanding of the impact of medications and xenobiotics on microbial communities. Here, we review the versatility and breadth of bioreactor systems that are currently available and how they are being used to study faecal and defined microbial communities. Bioreactors provide a unique opportunity to study complex microbial interactions and perturbations in vitro in a controlled environment without confounding biotic and abiotic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Guzman-Rodriguez
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Hyde
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Erika C Claud
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Prameet M Sheth
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Elaine O Petrof
- Gastrointestinal Disease Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON, Canada
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1869
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Zhao J, Liu P, Wu Y, Guo P, Liu L, Ma N, Levesque C, Chen Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Ma X. Dietary Fiber Increases Butyrate-Producing Bacteria and Improves the Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7995-8004. [PMID: 29986139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the impact of dietary fibers on the performance, fecal short-chain fatty acids, nutrient digestibility, and bacterial community in weaned piglets with the control group (CON) and dietary supplementation of 5% corn bran (CB), 5% wheat bran (WB), or 5% soybean hulls (SB). The piglets in CB and WB groups showed greater weight gain and feed efficiency ( p < 0.05) in comparison to piglets in CON and SB groups. Fecal samples from piglets in CB, SB, and WB groups contained greater ( p < 0.05) butyrate levels than fecal samples from piglets in the CON group. The fecal samples from piglets in CB or WB groups contained greater ( p < 0.05) abundances of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes or Fibrobacteres than the fecal sample from piglets in the CON group, which could promote fiber degradation and the production of butyrate. In summary, dietary CB or WB may enhance the growth performance of weaned piglets via altering gut microbiota and improving butyrate production, which shed light on the mechanism of dietary fiber in improving gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Crystal Levesque
- Monogastric Nutrition Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences , South Dakota State University , Brookings , South Dakota 57007 , United States
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary , Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture , Beijing 102442 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
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1870
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Pimentel G, Burton KJ, Vergères G, Dupont D. The role of foodomics to understand the digestion/bioactivity relationship of food. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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1871
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Xia J, Jin C, Pan Z, Sun L, Fu Z, Jin Y. Chronic exposure to low concentrations of lead induces metabolic disorder and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018. [PMID: 29529432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lead (Pb) is one of the most prevalent toxic, nonessential heavy metals that can contaminate food and water. In this study, effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of Pb on metabolism and gut microbiota were evaluated in mice. It was observed that exposure of mice to 0.1mg/L Pb, supplied via drinking water, for 15weeks increased hepatic TG and TCH levels. The levels of some key genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver increased significantly in Pb-treated mice. For the gut microbiota, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes changed obviously in the feces and the cecal contents of mice exposed to 0.1mg/L Pb for 15weeks. In addition, 16s rRNA gene sequencing further discovered that Pb exposure affected the structure and richness of the gut microbiota. Moreover, a 1H NMR metabolic analysis unambiguously identified 31 metabolites, and 15 metabolites were noticeably altered in 0.1mg/L Pb-treated mice. Taken together, the data indicate that chronic Pb exposure induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and metabolic disorder in mice. CAPSULE Chronic Pb exposure induces metabolic disorder, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhou Xia
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zihong Pan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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1872
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de la Cuesta-Zuluaga J, Corrales-Agudelo V, Velásquez-Mejía EP, Carmona JA, Abad JM, Escobar JS. Gut microbiota is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic disease in a population in the midst of Westernization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11356. [PMID: 30054529 PMCID: PMC6063892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Westernization and its accompanying epidemiological transitions are associated with changes in gut microbiota. While the extremes of this lifestyle spectrum have been compared (hunter-gatherers, industrialized countries), populations undergoing such shifts have received little attention. To fill the gap of knowledge about the microbiome evolution following broad lifestyle changes and the emergence of disease-associated dysbiosis, we performed a cross-sectional study in which we characterized the microbiota of 441 Colombian adults through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and determined its relationship with demographic, health-related and dietary parameters. We showed that in the gut microbiota of this cohort thrive taxa proper of both hunter-gatherers (Prevotella, Treponema) and citizens of industrialized countries (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Barnesiella); the relative abundances of these taxa differed from those in Western and non-Western populations. We also showed that the Colombian gut microbiota is composed of five consortia of co-abundant microorganisms that are differentially associated with lifestyle, obesity and cardiometabolic disease, and highlighted metabolic pathways that might explain associations between microbiota and host health. Our results give insights into the evolution of the gut microbiota, and underscore the importance of this community to human health. Promoting the growth of specific microbial consortia could help ameliorating physiological conditions associated with Western lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo de la Cuesta-Zuluaga
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur 50-67, 050023, Medellin, Colombia.,Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology-Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur 50-67, 050023, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Eliana P Velásquez-Mejía
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur 50-67, 050023, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jenny A Carmona
- Dinámica IPS-Especialista en Ayudas Diagnósticas, Calle 27 45-109, 050021, Medellin, Colombia.,SURA Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - José M Abad
- EPS SURA, Calle 49A 63-55, 050034, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan S Escobar
- Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur 50-67, 050023, Medellin, Colombia.
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1873
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Palermo A, Forsberg EM, Warth B, Aisporna AE, Billings E, Kuang E, Benton HP, Berry D, Siuzdak G. Fluorinated Gold Nanoparticles for Nanostructure Imaging Mass Spectrometry. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6938-6948. [PMID: 29966083 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructure imaging mass spectrometry (NIMS) with fluorinated gold nanoparticles (f-AuNPs) is a nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization approach that requires low laser energy and has demonstrated high sensitivity. Here we describe NIMS with f-AuNPs for the comprehensive analysis of metabolites in biological tissues. F-AuNPs assist in desorption/ionization by laser-induced release of the fluorocarbon chains with minimal background noise. Since the energy barrier required to release the fluorocarbons from the AuNPs is minimal, the energy of the laser is maintained in the low μJ/pulse range, thus limiting metabolite in-source fragmentation. Electron microscopy analysis of tissue samples after f-AuNP NIMS shows a distinct "raising" of the surface as compared to matrix assisted laser desorption ionization ablation, indicative of a gentle desorption mechanism aiding in the generation of intact molecular ions. Moreover, the use of perfluorohexane to distribute the f-AuNPs on the tissue creates a hydrophobic environment minimizing metabolite solubilization and spatial dislocation. The transfer of the energy from the incident laser to the analytes through the release of the fluorocarbon chains similarly enhances the desorption/ionization of metabolites of different chemical nature, resulting in heterogeneous metabolome coverage. We performed the approach in a comparative study of the colon of mice exposed to three different diets. F-AuNP NIMS allows the direct detection of carbohydrates, lipids, bile acids, sulfur metabolites, amino acids, nucleotide precursors as well as other small molecules of varied biological origins. Ultimately, the diversified molecular coverage obtained provides a broad picture of a tissue's metabolic organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Erica M Forsberg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry and Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME) , University of Vienna , Währingerstraße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Aries E Aisporna
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Billings
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Ellen Kuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive , San Diego , California 92182 , United States
| | - H Paul Benton
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, Research Network Chemistry Meets Microbiology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular and Computational Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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1874
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Jing C, Wen Z, Zou P, Yuan Y, Jing W, Li Y, Zhang C. Consumption of Black Legumes Glycine soja and Glycine max Lowers Serum Lipids and Alters the Gut Microbiome Profile in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7367-7375. [PMID: 29984576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential health benefits of two different species of black legume [ Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. and Glycine max (L.) Merr.] on diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) supplemented with 20% (w/w) black legume for 12 weeks, and the effects on weight gain, serum lipid levels, liver histology, gut fermentation, and microbiome profile were examined. Consumption of black legumes improved the blood lipid profile and increased fecal propionate and butyrate contents; this was accompanied by a reduction in hepatic steatosis and adipocyte size. High-throughput pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that black legumes prevented the loss of fecal microbiota diversity and richness caused by a HFD and decreased the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia while increasing that of Bacteroidetes. Collectively, dietary supplementation with black legumes was found to have attenuated many of the adverse health consequences associated with a HFD and modulated gut microbiota in a positive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Jing
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 11 Keyuanjingsi Road , Laoshan, Qingdao , Shandong 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Wen
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science , Beijing 10010 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zou
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 11 Keyuanjingsi Road , Laoshan, Qingdao , Shandong 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 11 Keyuanjingsi Road , Laoshan, Qingdao , Shandong 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Jing
- Food Science and Engineering College , Qingdao Agricultural University , Qingdao , Shandong 266109 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiang Li
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 11 Keyuanjingsi Road , Laoshan, Qingdao , Shandong 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center , Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , 11 Keyuanjingsi Road , Laoshan, Qingdao , Shandong 266101 , People's Republic of China
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1875
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Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10762. [PMID: 30018370 PMCID: PMC6050247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are often considered a nutritious, protein-rich, environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional livestock with growing popularity among North American consumers. While the nutrient composition of several insects is characterized, all potential health impacts have not been evaluated. In addition to high protein levels, crickets contain chitin and other fibers that may influence gut health. In this study, we evaluated the effects of consuming 25 grams/day whole cricket powder on gut microbiota composition, while assessing safety and tolerability. Twenty healthy adults participated in this six-week, double-blind, crossover dietary intervention. Participants were randomized into two study arms and consumed either cricket-containing or control breakfast foods for 14 days, followed by a washout period and assignment to the opposite treatment. Blood and stool samples were collected at baseline and after each treatment period to assess liver function and microbiota changes. Results demonstrate cricket consumption is tolerable and non-toxic at the studied dose. Cricket powder supported growth of the probiotic bacterium, Bifidobacterium animalis, which increased 5.7-fold. Cricket consumption was also associated with reduced plasma TNF-α. These data suggest that eating crickets may improve gut health and reduce systemic inflammation; however, more research is needed to understand these effects and underlying mechanisms.
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1876
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Rodriguez J, Hiel S, Delzenne NM. Metformin: old friend, new ways of action-implication of the gut microbiome? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2018; 21:294-301. [PMID: 29634493 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gut dysbiosis was recently associated with the occurrence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition to this finding, an increasing number of studies performed upon the last 5 years have also shown that metformin treatment leads to changes in gut bacterial composition in diabetic patients. This review focuses on the articles describing the effects of metformin on gut homeostasis (including the gut microbiota) and proposes potential mechanisms involved in those effects. RECENT FINDINGS Several human and animal studies emphasized that metformin alters the gut microbiota composition by enhancing the growth of some bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Escherichia spp. or Lactobacillus and by decreasing the levels of some other ones like Intestinibacter. In-vitro studies also demonstrated a direct action of metformin on the growth of A. muciniphila and Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Moreover, in the intestines, metformin does not only improve the glucose uptake, but it also promotes the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, protects the intestinal barrier and regulates the secretion of gut peptides SUMMARY: It is now clear that gut microbiota participates to the glucose-lowering effects of metformin in the context of diabetes. Further work is now needed to determine the exact mechanisms of action of the drug and to understand by which processes metformin is able to enhance the growth of some bacteria exhibiting beneficial effects for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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1877
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Kisuse J, La-ongkham O, Nakphaichit M, Therdtatha P, Momoda R, Tanaka M, Fukuda S, Popluechai S, Kespechara K, Sonomoto K, Lee YK, Nitisinprasert S, Nakayama J. Urban Diets Linked to Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations in Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1345. [PMID: 29988433 PMCID: PMC6024022 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of traditional diets by food globalization may have adverse impact on the health of human being through the alteration of gut microbial ecosystem. To address this notion, we compared the gut microbiota of urban (n = 17) and rural (n = 28) school-aged children in Thailand in association with their dietary habits. Dietary records indicated that children living in urban Bangkok tended to consume modern high-fat diets, whereas children in rural Buriram tended to consume traditional vegetable-based diets. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from stool samples showed that children in Bangkok have less Clostridiales and more Bacteroidales and Selenomonadales compared to children in Buriram and bacterial diversity is significantly less in Bangkok children than in Buriram children. In addition, fecal butyrate and propionate levels decreased in Bangkok children in association with changes in their gut microbial communities. Stool samples of these Thai children were classified into five metabolotypes (MTs) based on their metabolome profiles, each characterized by high concentrations of short and middle chain fatty acids (MT1, n = 17), amino acids (MT2, n = 7), arginine (MT3, n = 6), amino acids, and amines (MT5, n = 8), or an overall low level of metabolites (MT4, n = 4). MT1 and MT4 mainly consisted of samples from Buriram, and MT2 and MT3 mainly consisted of samples from Bangkok, whereas MT5 contained three samples from Bangkok and five from Buriram samples. According to the profiles of microbiota and diets, MT1 and MT2 are characteristic of children in Buriram and Bangkok, respectively. Predicted metagenomics indicated the underrepresentation in MT2 of eight genes involved in pathways of butyrate biosynthesis, notably including paths from glutamate as well as pyruvate. Taken together, this study shows the benefit of high-vegetable Thai traditional diets on gut microbiota and suggests that high-fat and less-vegetable urban dietary habits alter gut microbial communities in Thai children, which resulted in the reduction of colonic short chain fatty acid fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma Kisuse
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Orawan La-ongkham
- Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phatthanaphong Therdtatha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Momoda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
- Human Gut Microbiome for Health Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuan-Kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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1878
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Crowley EK, Long-Smith CM, Murphy A, Patterson E, Murphy K, O'Gorman DM, Stanton C, Nolan YM. Dietary Supplementation with a Magnesium-Rich Marine Mineral Blend Enhances the Diversity of Gastrointestinal Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E216. [PMID: 29925774 PMCID: PMC6024889 DOI: 10.3390/md16060216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that dietary supplementation with functional food ingredients play a role in systemic and brain health as well as in healthy ageing. Conversely, deficiencies in calcium and magnesium as a result of the increasing prevalence of a high fat/high sugar "Western diet" have been associated with health problems such as obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as metabolic, immune, and psychiatric disorders. It is now recognized that modulating the diversity of gut microbiota, the population of intestinal bacteria, through dietary intervention can significantly impact upon gut health as well as systemic and brain health. In the current study, we show that supplementation with a seaweed and seawater-derived functional food ingredient rich in bioactive calcium and magnesium (0.1% supplementation) as well as 70 other trace elements, significantly enhanced the gut microbial diversity in adult male rats. Given the significant impact of gut microbiota on health, these results position this marine multi-mineral blend (MMB) as a promising digestive-health promoting functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12XF62 Cork, Ireland.
| | | | - Amy Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Elaine Patterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Kiera Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Denise M O'Gorman
- Marigot Ltd., Strand Farm, Currabinny, Carrigaline, P43NN62 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12XF62 Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland.
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1879
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Villéger R, Lopès A, Veziant J, Gagnière J, Barnich N, Billard E, Boucher D, Bonnet M. Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2327-2347. [PMID: 29904241 PMCID: PMC6000297 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i22.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbial-based test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, and the potential use of microbial variation markers for non-invasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Villéger
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Amélie Lopès
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Research Biologics, Sanofi R&D, Vitry-Sur-Seine 94400, France
| | - Julie Veziant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Johan Gagnière
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Chirurgie digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Elisabeth Billard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Delphine Boucher
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Mathilde Bonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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1880
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review aims to discuss emerging evidence in the field of microbiome-dependent roles in host defense during critical illness with a focus on lung, kidney, and brain inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS The gut microbiota of critical ill patients is characterized by lower diversity, lower abundances of key commensal genera, and in some cases overgrowth by one bacterial genera, a state otherwise known as dysbiosis. Increasing evidence suggests that microbiota-derived components can reach the circulatory system from the gut and modulate immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis might have greater consequences for the critically ill than previously imagined and could contribute to poor outcome. Preclinical studies suggest that impaired communication across the gut - organ axes is associated with brain, lung - and kidney failure. SUMMARY In health, a diverse microbiome might enhance host defense, while during critical illness, the dysbiotic microbiome might contribute to comorbidity and organ dysfunction. Future research should be aimed at further establishing the causes and consequences of dysbiosis seen in the critically ill, which will provide perspective for developing new strategies of intervention.
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1881
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The Microbiome and Metabolome of Preterm Infant Stool Are Personalized and Not Driven by Health Outcomes, Including Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Late-Onset Sepsis. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00104-18. [PMID: 29875143 PMCID: PMC5990886 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00104-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants face health problems likely related to microbial exposures, including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the role of the gut microbiome in preterm infant health is poorly understood. Microbial colonization differs from that of healthy term babies because it occurs in the NICU and is often perturbed by antibiotics. We measured bacterial compositions and metabolomic profiles of 77 fecal samples from 32 preterm infants to investigate the differences between microbiomes in health and disease. Rather than finding microbial signatures of disease, we found that both the preterm infant microbiome and the metabolome were personalized and that the preterm infant gut microbiome is enriched in microbes that commonly dominate in the presence of antibiotics. These results contribute to the growing knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome and emphasize that a personalized view will be important to disentangle the health consequences of the preterm infant microbiome. The assembly and development of the gut microbiome in infants have important consequences for immediate and long-term health. Preterm infants represent an abnormal case for bacterial colonization because of early exposure to bacteria and frequent use of antibiotics. To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, fecal samples were collected from 32 very low birth weight preterm infants over the first 6 weeks of life. Infant health outcomes included health, late-onset sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We characterized bacterial compositions by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabolomes by untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Preterm infant fecal samples lacked beneficial Bifidobacterium spp. and were dominated by Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus organisms due to nearly uniform antibiotic administration. Most of the variance between the microbial community compositions could be attributed to the baby from which the sample derived (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA] R2 = 0.48, P < 0.001), while clinical status (health, NEC, or late-onset sepsis) and overlapping times in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) did not explain a significant amount of variation in bacterial composition. Fecal metabolomes were also found to be unique to the individual (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.43, P < 0.001) and weakly associated with bacterial composition (Mantel statistic r = 0.23 ± 0.05, P < 0.05). No measured metabolites were found to be associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, or a healthy outcome. Overall, preterm infant gut microbial communities were personalized and reflected antibiotic usage. IMPORTANCE Preterm infants face health problems likely related to microbial exposures, including sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. However, the role of the gut microbiome in preterm infant health is poorly understood. Microbial colonization differs from that of healthy term babies because it occurs in the NICU and is often perturbed by antibiotics. We measured bacterial compositions and metabolomic profiles of 77 fecal samples from 32 preterm infants to investigate the differences between microbiomes in health and disease. Rather than finding microbial signatures of disease, we found that both the preterm infant microbiome and the metabolome were personalized and that the preterm infant gut microbiome is enriched in microbes that commonly dominate in the presence of antibiotics. These results contribute to the growing knowledge of the preterm infant microbiome and emphasize that a personalized view will be important to disentangle the health consequences of the preterm infant microbiome.
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1882
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Kim CH. Immune regulation by microbiome metabolites. Immunology 2018; 154:220-229. [PMID: 29569377 PMCID: PMC5980225 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbes and the host immune system have been co-evolved for mutual regulation. Microbes regulate the host immune system, in part, by producing metabolites. A mounting body of evidence indicates that diverse microbial metabolites profoundly regulate the immune system via host receptors and other target molecules. Immune cells express metabolite-specific receptors such as P2X7 , GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, aryl hydrocarbon receptor precursor (AhR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), TGR5 and other molecular targets. Microbial metabolites and their receptors form an extensive array of signals to respond to changes in nutrition, health and immunological status. As a consequence, microbial metabolite signals contribute to nutrient harvest from diet, and regulate host metabolism and the immune system. Importantly, microbial metabolites bidirectionally function to promote both tolerance and immunity to effectively fight infection without developing inflammatory diseases. In pathogenic conditions, adverse effects of microbial metabolites have been observed as well. Key immune-regulatory functions of the metabolites, generated from carbohydrates, proteins and bile acids, are reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang H. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy CenterUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMIUSA
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1883
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Rizzetto L, Fava F, Tuohy KM, Selmi C. Connecting the immune system, systemic chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome: The role of sex. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:12-34. [PMID: 29861127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unresolved low grade systemic inflammation represents the underlying pathological mechanism driving immune and metabolic pathways involved in autoimmune diseases (AID). Mechanistic studies in animal models of AID and observational studies in patients have found alterations in gut microbiota communities and their metabolites, suggesting a microbial contribution to the onset or progression of AID. The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence immune functions and immune homeostasis both within the gut and systematically. Microbial derived-short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and bio-transformed bile acid (BA) have been shown to influence the immune system acting as ligands specific cell signaling receptors like GPRCs, TGR5 and FXR, or via epigenetic processes. Similarly, intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and bacterial translocation are important contributors to chronic systemic inflammation and, without repair of the intestinal barrier, might represent a continuous inflammatory stimulus capable of triggering autoimmune processes. Recent studies indicate gender-specific differences in immunity, with the gut microbiota shaping and being concomitantly shaped by the hormonal milieu governing differences between the sexes. A bi-directional cross-talk between microbiota and the endocrine system is emerging with bacteria being able to produce hormones (e.g. serotonin, dopamine and somatostatine), respond to host hormones (e.g. estrogens) and regulate host hormones' homeostasis (e.g by inhibiting gene prolactin transcription or converting glucocorticoids to androgens). We review herein how gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate immune function, intestinal permeability and possibly AID pathological processes. Further, we describe the dysbiosis within the gut microbiota observed in different AID and speculate how restoring gut microbiota composition and its regulatory metabolites by dietary intervention including prebiotics and probiotics could help in preventing or ameliorating AID. Finally, we suggest that, given consistent observations of microbiota dysbiosis associated with AID and the ability of SCFA and BA to regulate intestinal permeability and inflammation, further mechanistic studies, examining how dietary microbiota modulation can protect against AID, hold considerable potential to tackle increased incidence of AID at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rizzetto
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy.
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy; BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Italy
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1884
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Sherman SB, Sarsour N, Salehi M, Schroering A, Mell B, Joe B, Hill JW. Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Gut Microbes 2018; 9:400-421. [PMID: 29469650 PMCID: PMC6219642 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1441664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conditions of excess androgen in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), often exhibit intergenerational transmission. One way in which the risk for PCOS may be increased in daughters of affected women is through exposure to elevated androgens in utero. Hyperandrogenemic conditions have serious health consequences, including increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been found to induce hypertension in rats, such that blood pressure can be normalized through fecal microbial transplant. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypertension seen in PCOS has early origins in gut dysbiosis caused by in utero exposure to excess androgen. We investigated this hypothesis with a model of prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure and maternal hyperandrogenemia by single-injection of testosterone cypionate or sesame oil vehicle (VEH) to pregnant dams in late gestation. We then completed a gut microbiota and cardiometabolic profile of the adult female offspring. RESULTS The metabolic assessment revealed that adult PNA rats had increased body weight and increased mRNA expression of adipokines: adipocyte binding protein 2, adiponectin, and leptin in inguinal white adipose tissue. Radiotelemetry analysis revealed hypertension with decreased heart rate in PNA animals. The fecal microbiota profile of PNA animals contained higher relative abundance of bacteria associated with steroid hormone synthesis, Nocardiaceae and Clostridiaceae, and lower abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridium. The PNA animals also had an increased relative abundance of bacteria associated with biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). CONCLUSIONS We found that prenatal exposure to excess androgen negatively impacted cardiovascular function by increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate. Prenatal androgen was also associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and altered abundance of bacteria involved in metabolite production of short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that early-life exposure to hyperandrogenemia in daughters of women with PCOS may lead to long-term alterations in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shermel B. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Nadeen Sarsour
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH
| | - Marziyeh Salehi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Allen Schroering
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Blair Mell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Jennifer W. Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
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1885
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1886
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Garcia-Gutierrez E, Mayer MJ, Cotter PD, Narbad A. Gut microbiota as a source of novel antimicrobials. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:1-21. [PMID: 29584555 PMCID: PMC6363078 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1455790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and viruses coexist in the human gut, and this coexistence is functionally balanced by symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Antagonism is often characterized by the production of antimicrobials against other organisms occupying the same environmental niche. Indeed, close co-evolution in the gut has led to the development of specialized antimicrobials, which is attracting increased attention as these may serve as novel alternatives to antibiotics and thereby help to address the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is especially suitable for finding novel antimicrobials due to the vast array of microbes that inhabit it, and a considerable number of antimicrobial producers of both wide and narrow spectrum have been described. In this review, we summarize some of the antimicrobial compounds that are produced by bacteria isolated from the gut environment, with a special focus on bacteriocins. We also evaluate the potential therapeutic application of these compounds to maintain homeostasis in the gut and the biocontrol of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enriqueta Garcia-Gutierrez
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Melinda J. Mayer
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Food Bioscience Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome, Ireland
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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1887
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Kim M, Friesen L, Park J, Kim HM, Kim CH. Microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, restrain tissue bacterial load, chronic inflammation, and associated cancer in the colon of mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1235-1247. [PMID: 29644622 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal immune system is regulated by microbes and their metabolites. The roles of gut microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis are incompletely understood. We systematically studied the roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors (GPR43 or GPR41) in regulating tissue bacterial load, acute versus chronic inflammatory responses, and intestinal cancer development. SCFA receptor-, particularly GPR43-, deficient mice were defective in mounting appropriate acute immune responses to promote barrier immunity, and developed uncontrolled chronic inflammatory responses following epithelial damage. Further, intestinal carcinogenesis was increased in GPR43-deficient mice. Dietary fiber and SCFA administration suppressed intestinal inflammation and cancer in both GPR43-dependent and independent manners. The beneficial effect of GPR43 was not mediated by altered microbiota but by host tissue cells and hematopoietic cells to a lesser degree. We found that inability to suppress commensal bacterial invasion into the colonic tissue is associated with the increased chronic Th17-driven inflammation and carcinogenesis in the intestine of GPR43-deficient mice. In sum, our results reveal the beneficial function of the SCFA-GPR43 axis in suppressing bacterial invasion and associated chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Leon Friesen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathology and Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeongho Park
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hyungjin M Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Research Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Pathology and Mary H Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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1888
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Li M, van Esch BCAM, Wagenaar GTM, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Henricks PAJ. Pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of short chain fatty acids on immune and endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 831:52-59. [PMID: 29750914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the gastro-intestinal tract, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have protective effects on epithelial cells. However, their effects on inflammatory cytokine production by endothelial and immune cells and the recruitment of immune cells and their trans-migration across the endothelial layer remain controversial. Both cell types are associated with the initiation and development of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and sepsis. SCFAs modulate immune and inflammatory responses via activation of free fatty acid (FFA) receptors type 2 and 3 (FFA2 and FFA3 receptors), G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). This review will focus on the effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammatory response on endothelial and immune cells function, and an overview is presented on the underlying mechanisms of the effects of SCFAs on both immune and endothelial cells, including HDACs, FFA2 and FFA3 receptors and GPR109A regulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A J Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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1889
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Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. Pushing the Limits of Cancer Therapy: The Nutrient Game. Front Oncol 2018; 8:148. [PMID: 29868472 PMCID: PMC5951973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination, which are generally associated with a multitude of side effects ranging from discomfort to the development of secondary tumors and severe toxicity to multiple systems including immune system. Mounting evidence has highlighted that the fine-tuning of nutrients may selectively sensitize cancer cells to conventional cancer therapies, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from their side effects. Nutrient modulation through diet also improves cancer immunesurveillance in a way that severe immunosuppression could be avoided or even the immune response or immune-based cancer therapies be potentiated also through patient microbiota remodeling. Here, we review recent advances in cancer therapy focusing on the effects of adjuvant dietary interventions (e.g., ketogenic diets, fasting) on the metabolic pathways within cancer cells and tumor environment (e.g., microbiota, immune system, tumor microenvironment) that are involved in cancer progression and resistance as well as cancer cell death. Finally, based on the overall literature data, we designed a nutritional intervention consisting in a plant-based moderate ketogenic diet that could be exploited for future preclinical research in cancer therapy.
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1890
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Zhao J, Liu P, Huang C, Liu L, Li E, Zhang G, Zhang S. Effect of wheat bran on apparent total tract digestibility, growth performance, fecal microbiota and their metabolites in growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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1891
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Berkhout DJC, Niemarkt HJ, de Boer NKH, Benninga MA, de Meij TGJ. The potential of gut microbiota and fecal volatile organic compounds analysis as early diagnostic biomarker for necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in preterm infants. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 12:457-470. [PMID: 29488419 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1446826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of both necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants are yet to be elucidated, evidence is emerging that the gut microbiota plays a key role in their pathophysiology. Areas covered: In this review, initial microbial colonization and factors influencing microbiota composition are discussed. For both NEC and LOS, an overview of studies investigating preclinical alterations in gut microbiota composition and fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is provided. Fecal VOCs are considered to reflect not only gut microbiota composition, but also their metabolic activity and concurrent interaction with the host. Expert review: Heterogeneity in study protocols and applied analytical techniques hampers reliable comparison between outcomes of different microbiota studies, limiting the ability to draw firm conclusions. This dilemma is illustrated by the finding that study results often cannot be reproduced, or even contradict each other. A NEC- and sepsis specific microbial or metabolic signature has not yet been discovered. Identification of 'disease-specific' VOCs and microbiota composition may increase understanding on pathophysiological mechanisms and may allow for development of an accurate screening tool, opening avenues towards timely identification and initiation of targeted treatment for preterm infants at increased risk for NEC and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Johannes Cornelis Berkhout
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,b Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | | | - Nanne Klaas Hendrik de Boer
- d Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Marc Alexander Benninga
- a Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology , Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
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1892
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Tengeler AC, Kozicz T, Kiliaan AJ. Relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and brain function. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:603-617. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pedriatrics, Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Radboud university medical center, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIME, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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1893
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Zhang C, Björkman A, Cai K, Liu G, Wang C, Li Y, Xia H, Sun L, Kristiansen K, Wang J, Han J, Hammarström L, Pan-Hammarström Q. Impact of a 3-Months Vegetarian Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Immune Repertoire. Front Immunol 2018; 9:908. [PMID: 29755475 PMCID: PMC5934425 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary pattern can influence the immune system directly, but may also modulate it indirectly by regulating the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the effect of a 3-months lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet on the diversity of gut microbiota and the immune system in healthy omnivorous volunteers, using high-throughput sequencing technologies. The short-term vegetarian diet did not have any major effect on the diversity of the immune system and the overall composition of the metagenome. The prevalence of bacterial genera/species with known beneficial effects on the intestine, including butyrate-producers and probiotic species and the balance of autoimmune-related variable genes/families were, however, altered in the short-term vegetarians. A number of bacterial species that are associated with the expression level of IgA, a key immunoglobulin class that protects the gastrointestinal mucosal system, were also identified. Furthermore, a lower diversity of T-cell repertoire and expression level of IgE, as well as a reduced abundance of inflammation-related genes in the gut microbiota were potentially associated with a control group with long-term vegetarians. Thus, the composition and duration of the diet may have an impact on the balance of pro-/anti-inflammatory factors in the gut microbiota and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Björkman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Chunlin Wang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Yin Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,iCarbonX, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Han
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
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1894
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Zhou J, Tang L, Wang J, Wang JS. Aflatoxin B1 Disrupts Gut-Microbial Metabolisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Long-Chain Fatty Acids, and Bile Acids in Male F344 Rats. Toxicol Sci 2018; 164:453-464. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Lili Tang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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1895
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Chen YT, Yang NS, Lin YC, Ho ST, Li KY, Lin JS, Liu JR, Chen MJ. A combination of Lactobacillus mali APS1 and dieting improved the efficacy of obesity treatment via manipulating gut microbiome in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6153. [PMID: 29670255 PMCID: PMC5906640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The difficulty of long-term management has produced a high rate of failure for obesity patients. Therefore, improving the efficacy of current obesity treatment is a significant goal. We hypothesized that combining a probiotic Lactobacillus mali APS1 intervention with dieting could improve the efficacy of obesity and hepatic steatosis treatment compared to dieting alone. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and then treated with: saline + normal diet and APS1 + normal diet (NDAPS1) for 3 weeks. NDAPS1 accelerated body weight loss and reduced caloric intake and fat accumulation. The fecal microbiome showed that accelerating weight loss by NDAPS1 resulted in restoring intestinal microbiota toward a pre-obese state, with alteration of specific changes in the obesity-associated bacteria. APS1 manipulated the gut microbiome's obesity-associated metabolites, followed by regulation of lipid metabolism, enhancement of energy expenditure and inhibition of appetite. The specific hepatic metabolites induced by the APS1-manipulated gut microbiome also contributed to the amelioration of hepatic steatosis. Our results highlighted a possible microbiome and metabolome that contributed to accelerating weight loss following treatment with a combination of APS1 and dieting and suggested that probiotics could serve as a potential therapy for modulating physiological function and downstream of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsung Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Tainan City, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- SynbioTech Incorporation, Kaohsiung City, 821, Taiwan
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan.
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1896
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Leth ML, Ejby M, Workman C, Ewald DA, Pedersen SS, Sternberg C, Bahl MI, Licht TR, Aachmann FL, Westereng B, Abou Hachem M. Differential bacterial capture and transport preferences facilitate co-growth on dietary xylan in the human gut. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:570-580. [PMID: 29610517 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of dietary glycans is pivotal in shaping the human gut microbiota. However, the mechanisms that promote competition for glycans among gut commensals remain unclear. Roseburia intestinalis, an abundant butyrate-producing Firmicute, is a key degrader of the major dietary fibre xylan. Despite the association of this taxon to a healthy microbiota, insight is lacking into its glycan utilization machinery. Here, we investigate the apparatus that confers R. intestinalis growth on different xylans. R. intestinalis displays a large cell-attached modular xylanase that promotes multivalent and dynamic association to xylan via four xylan-binding modules. This xylanase operates in concert with an ATP-binding cassette transporter to mediate breakdown and selective internalization of xylan fragments. The transport protein of R. intestinalis prefers oligomers of 4-5 xylosyl units, whereas the counterpart from a model xylan-degrading Bacteroides commensal targets larger ligands. Although R. intestinalis and the Bacteroides competitor co-grew in a mixed culture on xylan, R. intestinalis dominated on the preferred transport substrate xylotetraose. These findings highlight the differentiation of capture and transport preferences as a possible strategy to facilitate co-growth on abundant dietary fibres and may offer a unique route to manipulate the microbiota based on glycan transport preferences in therapeutic interventions to boost distinct taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Louise Leth
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Ejby
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christopher Workman
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Adrian Ewald
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Signe Schultz Pedersen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Claus Sternberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Iain Bahl
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tine Rask Licht
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn Lillelund Aachmann
- NOBIPOL, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørge Westereng
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maher Abou Hachem
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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1897
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Jeon HJ, Yeom Y, Kim YS, Kim E, Shin JH, Seok PR, Woo MJ, Kim Y. Effect of vitamin C on azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated early colon cancer in mice. Nutr Res Pract 2018; 12:101-109. [PMID: 29629026 PMCID: PMC5886961 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on inflammation, tumor development, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated early colon cancer mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM [10 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] and given two 7-d cycles of 2% DSS drinking water with a 14 d inter-cycle interval. Vitamin C (60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) was supplemented by gavage for 5 weeks starting 2 d after the AOM injection. RESULTS The vitamin C treatment suppressed inflammatory morbidity, as reflected by disease activity index (DAI) in recovery phase and inhibited shortening of the colon, and reduced histological damage. In addition, vitamin C supplementation suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, and reduced expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, compared to observations of AOM/DSS animals. Although the microbial composition did not differ significantly between the groups, administration of vitamin C improved the level of inflammation-related Lactococcus and JQ084893 to control levels. CONCLUSION Vitamin C treatment provided moderate suppression of inflammation, proliferation, and certain inflammation-related dysbiosis in a murine model of colitis associated-early colon cancer. These findings support that vitamin C supplementation can benefit colonic health. Long-term clinical studies with various doses of vitamin C are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jeon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yiseul Yeom
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yoo-Sun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Korea
| | - Pu Reum Seok
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Gyeonggi 13135, Korea
| | - Moon Jea Woo
- Kwang-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Seoul 06650, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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1898
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Chambers ES, Byrne CS, Aspey K, Chen Y, Khan S, Morrison DJ, Frost G. Acute oral sodium propionate supplementation raises resting energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in fasted humans. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:1034-1039. [PMID: 29134744 PMCID: PMC5873405 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced from fermentation of dietary fibre by the gut microbiota, have been suggested to modulate energy metabolism. Previous work using rodent models has demonstrated that oral supplementation of the SCFA propionate raises resting energy expenditure (REE) by promoting lipid oxidation. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of oral sodium propionate on REE and substrate metabolism in humans. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9 women and 9 men; age 25 ± 1 years; body mass index 24.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2 ) completed 2 study visits following an overnight fast. Tablets containing a total of 6845 mg sodium propionate or 4164 mg sodium chloride were provided over the 180-minute study period in random order. REE and substrate oxidation were assessed by indirect calorimetry. Oral sodium propionate administration increased REE (0.045 ± 0.020 kcal/min; P = .036); this was accompanied by elevated rates of whole-body lipid oxidation (0.012 ± 0.006 g/min; P = .048) and was independent of changes in glucose and insulin concentrations. Future studies are warranted to determine whether the acute effects of oral sodium propionate on REE translate into positive improvements in long-term energy balance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward S. Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Claire S. Byrne
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Karen Aspey
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Saadiyah Khan
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
| | - Douglas J. Morrison
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Gary Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Section of Investigative Medicine, Faculty of MedicineHammersmith Campus, Imperial College LondonUK
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1899
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Catinean A, Neag MA, Muntean DM, Bocsan IC, Buzoianu AD. An overview on the interplay between nutraceuticals and gut microbiota. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4465. [PMID: 29576949 PMCID: PMC5855885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, growing attention was being given to the alternative ways to prevent or treat diseases. Nutraceuticals are used increasingly for this purpose. Many of these are being used as alternative therapy. Classic therapy with synthetic drugs, although very effective, has many side effects. The term “nutraceuticals” refers to the link between the nutritional and pharmaceutical domains. Also, lately, many studies have been done to investigate the role of microbiota in maintaining health. There is the hypothesis that some of the health benefits of nutraceuticals are due to their ability to change the microbiota. The aim of this review was to emphasize the link between the most commonly used nutraceuticals, the microbiota and the health benefits. Methods We selected the articles in PubMed, published up to July 2017, that provided information about most used nutraceuticals, microbiota and health benefits. In this review, we incorporate evidence from various types of studies, including observational, in vitro and in vivo, clinical studies or animal experiments. Results The results demonstrate that many nutraceuticals change the composition of microbiota and can interfere with health status of the patients. Discussion There is evidence which sustains the importance of nutraceuticals in people’s health through microbiota but further studies are needed to complete the assessment of nutraceuticals in health benefit as a consequence of microbiota’s changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Catinean
- Department of Internal Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Adriana Neag
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Maria Muntean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology/Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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1900
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Understanding the prebiotic potential of different dietary fibers using an in vitro continuous adult fermentation model (PolyFermS). Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531228 PMCID: PMC5847601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fermentable dietary fibers (DFs), which can induce growth and/or activity of specific beneficial populations, is suggested a promising strategy to modulate the gut microbiota and restore health in microbiota-linked diseases. Until today, inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are the best studied DFs, while little is known about the gut microbiota-modulating effects of β-glucan, α-galactooligosaccharide (α-GOS) and xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS). Here, we used three continuous in vitro fermentation PolyFermS model to study the modulating effect of these DFs on two distinct human adult proximal colon microbiota, independently from the host. Supplementation of DFs, equivalent to a 9 g daily intake, induced a consistent metabolic response depending on the donor microbiota. Irrespective to the DF supplemented, the Bacteroidaceae-Ruminococcaceae dominated microbiota produced more butyrate (up to 96%), while the Prevotellaceae-Ruminococcaceae dominated microbiota produced more propionate (up to 40%). Changes in abundance of specific bacterial taxa upon DF supplementation explained the observed changes in short-chain fatty acid profiles. Our data suggest that the metabolic profile of SCFA profile may be the most suitable and robust read-out to characterize microbiota-modulating effects of a DF and highlights importance to understand the inter-individual response to a prebiotic treatment for mechanistic understanding and human application.
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