151
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Xu X, Zhang L, Jian Y, Xue Y, Gao Y, Peng M, Jiang S, Zhang Q. Influence of wastewater treatment process on pollution characteristics and fate of microplastics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112448. [PMID: 34022558 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing abundance of microplastics (MPs) in rivers and oceans continues to face major challenges. In particular, MPs with smaller particle sizes are difficult to identify and quantify when they reach the environment. This study investigated four typical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including urban WWTPs and industrial WWTP with different treatment technologies. The results showed that the average abundance of MPs in the influent and effluent was 538.67 ± 22.05 n/L to 1290 ± 65.26 n/L and 20.44 ± 1.19 n/L to 40.67 ± 11.12 n/L. The primary and secondary treatment processes can effectively remove MPs between 51.04% and 72.82% from wastewater. After tertiary treatments, the removal efficiency was further increased to more than 90%. The study aims to explore the removal mechanism of MPs in each stage of the wastewater treatment process and to reveal the fate of MPs in WWTPs, and help to understand their future monitoring to optimize the wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yun Jian
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yingang Xue
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Shanqing Jiang
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- School of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, Changzhou 213164, China
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152
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Gurjar UR, Xavier KAM, Shukla SP, Deshmukhe G, Jaiswar AK, Nayak BB. Incidence of microplastics in gastrointestinal tract of golden anchovy (Coilia dussumieri) from north east coast of Arabian Sea: The ecological perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112518. [PMID: 34049067 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic marine litters or microplastics (MPs) accumulation in marine organisms is an emerging environmental threat. In this background, the gastrointestinal tract of Coilia dussumieri (n = 150) was studied in the samples collected from the fishing grounds of the north east coast of Arabian Sea through experimental fishing. Out of the total 150 specimens collected, all showed the incidence of microplastic particulates in the guts. The average abundance of MPs was found to be 6.98 ± 2.73 items/individual whereas gastrointestinal tract recorded with an average number of 28.84 ± 10.13 MPs/g in the gut material. The dominant MPs were found in the size range of 100-250 μm and of fibers type mostly blue in color. The prevalence of MPs in Coilia dussumieri is a matter of serious concern due to its ecological consequences due to trophic transfer in the connected food chains and probable threats to the health of human beings consuming the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udai Ram Gurjar
- Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - K A Martin Xavier
- Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Satya Prakash Shukla
- Aquatic Environmental Management Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geetanjali Deshmukhe
- Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Jaiswar
- Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
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153
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Mallik A, Xavier KAM, Naidu BC, Nayak BB. Ecotoxicological and physiological risks of microplastics on fish and their possible mitigation measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146433. [PMID: 33743469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed and extensively found within marine ecosystems, and approximately 8 million tons of plastics are being dumped into the sea annually. Once reached the marine environment, plastics tend to get fragmented into smaller particles through photo-degradation, mechanical and biological processes. These MPs have raised concerns globally due to their potential toxic impacts on a wide variety of aquatic fauna and humans. Ingested microplastics can cause severe health implications in fishes, including reduced feeding intensity, improper gill functioning, immuno-suppression, and compromised reproducibility. Several studies were also conducted to scrutinize MPs trophic transfer through the food chain from primary producers to top predators and their bioaccumulation. This paper briefly summarizes all the possible sources, routes, bioavailability, trophic transfer, and consequences of microplastics in fishes. The review article also intended to highlight various mitigation strategies like implementing Four R's concept (refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle), integrated strategies, ban on single-use plastics, use bioplastics, and create behavioural changes with public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mallik
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - K A Martin Xavier
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Bejawada Chanikya Naidu
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- Fishery Resource Harvest and Postharvest Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai 400061, Maharashtra, India
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154
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Liu L, Xu K, Zhang B, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Jiang W. Cellular internalization and release of polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146523. [PMID: 34030247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics and nanoplastics can accumulate in organisms after being ingested, be transported in the food web, and ultimately threaten human health. An understanding of the cellular internalization and release of micro(nano)plastics is important to predict their cytotoxicity. In this study, 50 nm, 500 nm and 5 μm polystyrene particles (PS50, PS500 and PS5000) were exposed to both model cell membranes and rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. PS50 and PS500 absorb on the model membrane due to hydrophobic interactions and Van der Waals' forces, and may also penetrate the model membrane. PS50 and PS500 are internalized into living cells via both passive membrane penetration and active endocytosis. The passive membrane penetration is due to the partition of polystyrene particles in the water-phospholipid system. The endocytosis of PS50 occurs through the clathrin-mediated pathway, the caveolin-mediated pathway and macropinocytosis, but endocytosis of PS500 is mainly via the macropinocytosis. PS5000 cannot adhere to the cell membrane or be internalized into cells due to its large size and weak Brownian motion. The endocytosed PS50 and PS500 mainly accumulate in the lysosomes. The passively internalized PS50 and PS500 initially distribute in the cytoplasm not in lysosomes, but are transported to lysosomes with energy supply. PS50 and PS500 are excreted from cells via energy-free penetration and energy-dependent lysosomal exocytosis. The masses of the internalized PS50 inside the cells and the excreted PS50 outside the cells were both higher than the masses of PS500, indicating that the smaller particles are more easily enter or leave cells than do their larger counterparts. Our findings will contribute to the risk assessment of micro(nano)plastics and their safe application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yiyuan Ye
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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155
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Bhagwat G, Tran TKA, Lamb D, Senathirajah K, Grainge I, O'Connor W, Juhasz A, Palanisami T. Biofilms Enhance the Adsorption of Toxic Contaminants on Plastic Microfibers under Environmentally Relevant Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8877-8887. [PMID: 34152751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) exposed to the natural environment provide an ideal surface for biofilm formation, which potentially acts as a reactive phase facilitating the sorption of hazardous contaminants. Until now, changes in the contaminant sorption capacity of MPs due to biofilm formation have not been quantified. This is the first study that compared the capacity of naturally aged, biofilm-covered microplastic fibers (BMFs) to adsorb perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and lead (Pb) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Changes in the surface properties and morphology of aged microplastic fibers (MF) were studied by surface area analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed that aged MFs exhibited higher surface areas because of biomass accumulation compared to virgin samples and followed the order polypropylene>polyethylene>nylon>polyester. The concentrations of adsorbed Pb and PFOS were 4-25% and 20-85% higher in aged MFs and varied among the polymer types. The increased contaminant adsorption was linked with the altered surface area and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics of the samples. Overall, the present study demonstrates that biofilms play a decisive role in contaminant-plastic interactions and significantly enhance the vector potential of MFs for toxic environmental contaminants. We anticipate that knowledge generated from this study will help refine the planetary risk assessment of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Bhagwat
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Thi Kim Anh Tran
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Dane Lamb
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Kala Senathirajah
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Ian Grainge
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne O'Connor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Thava Palanisami
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
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156
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Santana-Viera S, Montesdeoca-Esponda S, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. UV filters and UV stabilisers adsorbed in microplastic debris from beach sand. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112434. [PMID: 33964666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) in oceans adsorb different types of pollutants, which can negatively impact the food chain. The extensive use of personal care products (PCPs) has led to their ubiquitous environmental presence, and their partition between plastic matrices and surroundings is determined by their physico-chemical characteristics and environmental conditions. This work develops and applies a methodology to determine 12 UV filters (UVFs) and UV stabilisers (UVSs) in MPs collected in beach sand. The analyses were carried out by ultrasound-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection. The validated procedure was applied to MPs samples taken in sand samples from 13 beaches on the Canary Islands (Spain). The results showed the presence of 10 UV filters and UV stabilisers at concentrations between 1 and 4031 ng·g-1, where octocrylene was the most frequently found. The target analytes were present in all the sampling beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santana-Viera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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157
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Ahmed MB, Rahman MS, Alom J, Hasan MS, Johir MAH, Mondal MIH, Lee DY, Park J, Zhou JL, Yoon MH. Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145793. [PMID: 33631597 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of the most severe environmental concerns today. MPs persist in the environment and cause adverse effects in organisms. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of MPs in the aquatic environment. Personal care products, synthetic clothing, air-blasting facilities and drilling fluids from gas-oil industries, raw plastic powders from plastic manufacturing industries, waste plastic products and wastewater treatment plants act as the major sources of MPs. For MPs analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), Py-MS methods, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy are regarded as the most promising methods for MPs identification and quantification. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophobicity and functional groups, MPs can interact with various contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics and persistent organic contaminants. Among different physical and biological treatment technologies, the MPs removal performance decreases as membrane bioreactor (> 99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (> 90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separations, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of MP removal. Hybrid treatment technologies show the highest removal efficacies of MPs. Finally, future research directions for MPs are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Boshir Ahmed
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alom
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saif Hasan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M A H Johir
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - M Ibrahim H Mondal
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Da-Young Lee
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Park
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - John L Zhou
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Myung-Han Yoon
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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158
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Current Progress on Marine Microplastics Pollution Research: A Review on Pollution Occurrence, Detection, and Environmental Effects. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, microplastics pollution has attracted much attention in the environmental field, as researchers have found traces of microplastics in both marine and terrestrial ecological environments. Here, we reviewed and discussed the current progress on microplastics pollution in the marine environment from three main aspects including their identification and qualification methods, source and distribution, and fate and toxicity in a marine ecosystem. Microplastics in the marine environment originate from a variety of sources and distribute broadly all around the world, but their quantitative information is still lacking. Up to now, there have been no adequate and standard methods to identify and quantify the various types of microplastics, which need to be developed and unified. The fate of microplastics in the environment is particularly important as they may be transferred or accumulated in the biological chain. Meanwhile, microplastics may have a high adsorption capacity to pollutants, which is the basic research to further study their fate and joint toxicity in the environment. Therefore, all the findings are expected to fill the knowledge gaps in microplastics pollution and promote the development of relative regulations.
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159
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Wang J, Peng C, Li H, Zhang P, Liu X. The impact of microplastic-microbe interactions on animal health and biogeochemical cycles: A mini-review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145697. [PMID: 33940764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution has attracted global attention due to the extensive use of plastic products. The hydrophobic MP surface provides a habitat for multiple microorganisms. Although there have been several studies on the impact of plastic particles on microbial communities, there are few reviews that have systematically summarized the interaction between MPs and microbes and their effects on human health and biochemical circulation. The discussions in this review will take place under the following topics: (1) MPs prompt colonization, biofilm generation, and transfer of environmental microbes; (2) the microbial communities can cause the morphological alterations and biodegradation of MPs; (3) MP-microbe combinations can induce the alteration of intestinal flora and hazard animal health; (4) the biogeochemical cycles affected by MP-microbe interactions. This review will highlight the close interactions between MPs and microorganisms, and provide suggestions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Chu Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xianhua Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.
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160
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The Dual Role of Microplastics in Marine Environment: Sink and Vectors of Pollutants. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is a follow-up to a previous review published in Journal of Marine Science and Engineeringon the issues of accumulation, transport, and the effects of microplastics (MPs) in the oceans. The review brings together experimental laboratory, mathematical, and field data on the dual role of MPs as accumulators of hydrophobic persistent organic compounds (POPs), and their release-effect in the marine ecosystem. It also examines the carrier role, besides POPs, of new emerging categories of pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). This role becomes increasingly important and significant as polymers age and surfaces become hydrophilic, increasing toxicity and effects of the new polymer-pollutant associations on marine food webs. It was not the intention to provide too many detailed examples of carriers and co-contaminants, exposed marine species, and effects. Instead, the views of two different schools of thought are reported and summarized: one that emphasizes the risks of transport, exposure, and risk beyond critical thresholds, and another that downplays this view.
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161
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Presence and Quantification of Microplastic in Urban Tap Water: A Pre-Screening in Brasilia, Brazil. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a rapidly growing environmental and human health crisis, with no sign of improvement. From 2012 to 2020, the number of studies on plastic pollution increased, and macro to nano-sized plastics have been documented in the most remote biomes of the planet. Studies have shown contamination by microplastics (MPs) in various types of food consumed by humans, including seafood, honey, sugar, salt, tap and bottled water and beer. This study’s objective was to detect the possible contamination by MPs in drinking water samples collected from two main residential and commercial areas of Brasilia. A total of 32 samples (500 mL) of tap water were collected from residential and commercial areas. Samples were processed and transferred to a Sedgewick-Rafter counting cell chamber. The presence of MP particles was analyzed using a Nikon Eclipse fluorescence microscope. MPs were found in 100% of the samples. The mean microplastic particles per 500 mL found in the South Wing area was 97 ± 55, while the mean number of particles in the North Wing area was 219 ± 158, and the MPs found ranged in size from 6–50 microns. The study results reveal a disturbing amount of MP particles in Brasilia’s tap water. This surprising number of particles in residential and commercial tap water is especially considering that tap water is not the only source of MPs to which people are exposed.
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162
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Salerno M, Berlino M, Mangano MC, Sarà G. Microplastics and the functional traits of fishes: A global meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2645-2655. [PMID: 33638211 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, concern about the effects of microplastics has grown. Here, we answered the main question "What are the impacts of microplastics on the functional traits of fish species?" through a meta-analysis. The general impact of microplastic exposure on the functional traits of fishes and specifically on eight variables, namely, behaviour, development, fecundity, feeding, growth, health, hatching and survival was explored. Subgroup analyses were performed to detect correlations between the impact of microplastics and the following factors: species, life stage, habitat, water column habitat, day of exposure to microplastics and microplastic size, type and shape. A meta-regression analysis allowed understanding the correlation between the impact of microplastics and the size of organisms. Generally, microplastics have a negative effect on the functional traits of fishes. Feeding and behaviour, followed by growth showed the greatest impact. Among the subgroup analysis, four of the eight variables considered showed a significant difference between groups: species, life stage, microplastic shape and days of exposure to microplastics. Depending on their life stage, organisms may be more sensitive to microplastic pollution. Changes in growth rates, development of early life stage and behavioural patterns in fishes may have a negative effect on the structure and functions of aquatic ecosystem in the long term and consequently affect the ability of aquatic ecosystems to provide ecosystem services and sustain human communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuel Berlino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Sicily Marine Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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163
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DuBois S, Lacy B, Rahman AF, Rahman MS. Elevated CYP1A expression detected in pinfish collected from a coastal lagoon in the southern Texas Gulf Coast: indicative of exposure to microplastics or pollutants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:32066-32073. [PMID: 33982254 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14351-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The marine environment is increasingly polluted by anthropogenic wastes, notably plastic debris. This debris breaks down into smaller pieces, known as microplastics. When consumed by marine organisms, microplastics cause various physiological effects. In this study, we sought to determine a link between ingested microplastics and cytochrome P450-1A (CYP1A) expression in fish liver. To achieve this goal, we collected pinfish from five sites in Lower Laguna Madre (LLM, a large coastal lagoon), analyzed stomach contents, excised liver tissues, and performed immunohistochemical analysis to determine CYP1A expression. Microplastics were not discovered in the stomach/intestine of pinfish, though plastic debris was present at various stages of decomposition within sampling sites. Hepatic CYP1A expression was significantly higher in pinfish collected from four of five sampling sites when compared to fish in laboratory conditions. These results imply that pinfish, as well as other organisms, may be exposed to pollutants other than microplastics in LLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie DuBois
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Faiz Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, USA.
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 West University Drive, Brownsville, TX, USA.
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Saha M, Naik A, Desai A, Nanajkar M, Rathore C, Kumar M, Gupta P. Microplastics in seafood as an emerging threat to marine environment: A case study in Goa, west coast of India. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129359. [PMID: 33434694 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study exhibits the occurrence of MPs in different matrices (water, sediment and biota) from the Sal estuary, Goa, situated on the central west coast of India. The average numbers of MPs in the water column and sediment were 48 ± 19 MP particles/L (MPs/L) and 3950 ± 930 MP particles/kg (MPs/kg), respectively. In shellfish (whole soft tissue), the average concentrations of MPs were 4 ± 2 (Crassostrea sp.), 3.2 ± 1.8 (Perna viridis) and 0.7 ± 0.3 (Paphia malbarica) MPs/g body weight (bw), respectively. The highest MPs were recorded in finfish (gastro-intestinal tract) (Mugil cephalus)7.8 ± 4, followed by (Gerres filamentosus) 5.3 ± 4.9, (Arius jella) 4.6 ± 2.6, and (Etroplus suratensis)1.4 ± 0.3 MP/g bw. MP fibres were predominant in all matrices. Interestingly, a dominance of small sized (10-300 μm) MPs was recorded in biota. Among the 37 polymer types identified by μ-FTIR, the most prevalent ones were, polyacrylamide (PAM) , polyacetylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyamide (nylon). Notably, the polymers dominant in the gut of finfish and in whole shellfish were equally prominent in sediment and the water column. This study highlights the presence of MPs in commercially important shellfish and finfish samples from the Sal estuary. This study clearly shows the presence of MPs in various types of marine organisms in the Sal estuary. As shellfish is locally consumed as a delicacy and plays a major role in the seafood industry, the MPs may pose a hazard for human health. There is also an ecological risk as MPs are also found in water and sediment and in the digestive tract of finfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Saha
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Akshata Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Aniket Desai
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Mandar Nanajkar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Chayanika Rathore
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India; School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Priyansha Gupta
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
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165
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Barrick A, Champeau O, Chatel A, Manier N, Northcott G, Tremblay LA. Plastic additives: challenges in ecotox hazard assessment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11300. [PMID: 33959427 PMCID: PMC8054737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of plastic debris, and specifically micro(nano)plastic particles, to ecosystems remains to be fully characterized. One particular issue that warrants further characterization is the hazards associated with chemical additives within micro(nano)plastic as they are not chemically bound within the polymers and can be persistent and biologically active. Most plastics contain additives and are therefore potential vectors for the introduction of these chemicals into the environment as they leach from plastic, a process that can be accelerated through degradation and weathering processes. There are knowledge gaps on the ecotoxicological effects of plastic additives and how they are released from parent plastic materials as they progressively fragment from the meso to micro and nano scale. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the ecotoxicity of plastic additives and identifies research needs to characterize the hazard they present to exposed biota. The potential ecological risk of chemical additives is of international concern so key differences in governance between the European Union and New Zealand to appropriately characterize their risk are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolas Manier
- French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | | | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.,University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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166
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Bao ZZ, Chen ZF, Zhong Y, Wang G, Qi Z, Cai Z. Adsorption of phenanthrene and its monohydroxy derivatives on polyvinyl chloride microplastics in aqueous solution: Model fitting and mechanism analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142889. [PMID: 33138997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pervasiveness of microplastics, which can absorb pollutants, has a certain impact on pollutant migration in natural waters. Differences in functional groups, such as the hydroxyl group, of pollutants will affect their adsorption on microplastics. In this study, the adsorption of phenanthrene (PHE) or its monohydroxy derivatives, including 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHP), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHP), 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHP), and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHP), on polyvinyl chloride (PVC, measured mean particle size = 134 μm) microplastics was studied. The adsorption efficiency of PHE was shown to be higher than that of either of OHPs. A better fit for pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models was obtained, indicating different binding sites on the surface of PVC microplastics. The adsorption processes of PHE and OHPs on PVC microplastics were demonstrated to be exothermic and spontaneous. Combined with FT-IR analysis, theoretical calculation, and comparative adsorption experiments, hydrophobic interaction was the dominant mechanism during the adsorption process. In contrast, electrostatic repulsion, CH/π interaction, and halogen bonding played a minor role, to an extent, in the adsorption of PHE/OHPs on PVC microplastics. These findings indicate the influence of the hydroxyl group on adsorption and improve the understanding of interactions between PVC microplastics and PHE/OHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zong Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuanhong Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology of Chongqing, School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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167
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Jaikumar IM, Periyakali SB, Rajendran U, Joen-Rong S, Thanasekaran J, Tsorng-Harn F. Effects of Microplastics, Polystyrene, and Polyethylene on Antioxidants, Metabolic Enzymes, HSP-70, and Myostatin Expressions in the Giant River Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Impact on Survival and Growth. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:645-658. [PMID: 33772631 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to understand the biological effects of microplastics (MPs), polystyrene microspheres (PSM), and polyethylene microparticles (PEM) in the juveniles of the giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The PSM (0.5-1.0 µm) and PEM (30.0-150.0 µm) were separately incorporated into the artificial diets with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mg per 100 g. The prawns were fed with these diets for a period of 60 days. Compared with control, the following dose-dependent changes have been recorded in PSM and PEM incorporated feeds fed prawns: declines in the survival rate, length and weight gains; increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione s-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); elevated concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde; decreased activities of metabolic enzymes, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase; higher total RNA in hepatopancreas (HP) of PSM fed prawns compared with that of PEM; higher total RNA in muscle (MU) of PEM-fed prawns compared with that of PSM; prominent cDNA bands in 150 bp regions; up-regulated heat shock protein (HSP70) gene in HP; down-regulation of HSP70 gene in MU of PSM-fed prawns only; down-regulated myostatin (MSTN) gene. These results suggest that these MPs have affected the survival and growth, activated the antioxidant defense, inhibit the metabolic enzymes, positively regulated the HSP70 gene, and negatively regulated the MSTN gene in M. rosenbergii. Therefore, exposures to PSM and PEM caused biological effects in this species of prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheu Joen-Rong
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Jayakumar Thanasekaran
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Fong Tsorng-Harn
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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168
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Ji Y, Wang Y, Shen D, Kang Q, Chen L. Mucin corona delays intracellular trafficking and alleviates cytotoxicity of nanoplastic-benzopyrene combined contaminant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124306. [PMID: 33109409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics have recently become a worldwide concern as newly emerging airborne pollutants, which can associate with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and form combined contaminant nanoparticles (CCNPs). After being inhaled in the respiratory system, the CCNPs would first encounter the mucous gel layer being rich in mucin. Herein, polystyrene-benzopyrene (PS@Bap) NPs were prepared as CCNPs model and their interaction with mucin and the resultant biological responses were studied. It was observed that mucin corona stably attached to the CCNPs surface, which significantly altered the fate of the CCNPs in lung epithelial cells (A 549 cell line). The mucin corona would 1) stably adsorbed on PS@Bap at the early stages of endocytosis until degraded during the lysosomal transport and maturation process, 2) delay intracellular trafficking of PS@Bap and the progress of Bap detached from PS, 3) enhance uptake of PS@Bap but reduce the cytotoxicity elicited by PS@Bap, as indicated by cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species, impairment on mitochondrial function, and further cell apoptosis. In addition, in vivo study also verified the enhanced effect of PS on the development of an acute lung inflammatory response induced by Bap. This study highlights the significance of incorporating the effects of mucin for precisely assessing the respiratory system toxicity of nanoplastics based CCNPs in atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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169
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Missawi O, Bousserrhine N, Zitouni N, Maisano M, Boughattas I, De Marco G, Cappello T, Belbekhouche S, Guerrouache M, Alphonse V, Banni M. Uptake, accumulation and associated cellular alterations of environmental samples of microplastics in the seaworm Hediste diversicolor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124287. [PMID: 33268200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous distribution of microplastics (MPs) in the marine environment raises global concern to understand their impact. Environmental MPs have been shown to exhibit different physicochemical properties during their life cycles. However, the body of knowledge regarding their accumulation and biological effects is still significantly limited compared to manufactured MPs. To evaluate the hazardous effects of a mixture of environmental MPs collected along the Tunisian beaches, their accumulation and cellular effects were investigated in Hediste diversicolor. MP sample was composed of polyethylene (PE), polyethylene vinyl acetate (PEVA), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polyamide (PA) analyzed using Raman microspectroscopy (RM). The concentrations of MPs in seaworm tissues increased over time, following the order 1.2-0.45 µm > 3-1.2 µm > 100-3 µm. The ingestion of MPs by H. diversicolor reduced their survival and growth, affected the neuro-transmission and antioxidant pathways. Our data emphasised that the toxic effects of environmental MPs were closely related to the exposure dose and period. The results also demonstrated that the size distribution of MPs in seaworms was mainly correlated with biochemical markers. This study highlights the ecological risk in the ingestion and accumulation of environmental MPs by biota that threatens their functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Missawi
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Sousse, Tunisia; University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- University Paris-Est Creteil, Laboratory of Water, Environment and Urban Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Creteil Cedex, France
| | - Nesrine Zitouni
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Sousse, Tunisia; University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Maisano
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Belbekhouche
- CNRS, University of Paris-Est Creteil, Institute of Chemistry and Materials Paris-Est ICMPE, UMR7182, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Mohamed Guerrouache
- CNRS, University of Paris-Est Creteil, Institute of Chemistry and Materials Paris-Est ICMPE, UMR7182, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- University Paris-Est Creteil, Laboratory of Water, Environment and Urban Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Creteil Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- University of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Sousse, Tunisia; University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
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170
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Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu Q, Zeng G, Shen M, Deng J, Luo Y, Wen X, Zhang Y. Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124187. [PMID: 33153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and related ecological impacts in the aquatic environment have attracted global attention over the past decade. Microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms from different trophic levels either directly or indirectly, and transferred along aquatic food chains, causing different impacts on life activities of aquatic organisms. In addition, microplastics can adsorb various environmental chemical contaminants and release toxic plastic additives, thereby serving as a sink and source of these associated chemical contaminants and potentially changing their toxicity, bioavailability, and fate. However, knowledge regarding the potential risks of microplastics and associated chemical contaminants (e.g., hydrophobic organic contaminants, heavy metals, plastic additives) on diverse organisms, especially top predators, remains to be explored. Herein, this review describes the effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, and systematically summarizes the combined effects of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic biota. Furthermore, we highlight the research progress on trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along aquatic food chain. Finally, potential human health concerns about microplastics via the food chain and dietary exposure are discussed. This work is expected to provide a meaningful perspective for better understanding the potential impacts of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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171
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Verdú I, González-Pleiter M, Leganés F, Rosal R, Fernández-Piñas F. Microplastics can act as vector of the biocide triclosan exerting damage to freshwater microalgae. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129193. [PMID: 33310522 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of recent studies on microplastics (MPs) and their ability to act as carriers of pollutants, the knowledge about the biological effects of MPs loaded with chemicals is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of MPs as vectors for the antimicrobial triclosan (TCS). For it, we tested low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyoxymethylene (POM), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and the biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). Thus, chemical analysis of sorption and desorption of TCS by these MPs was evaluated. The effect of TCS-loaded MPs to Anabaena sp. PCC7120, a cyanobacterium model of primary producers in freshwater ecosystems, was investigated. Chemical analyses showed different capacity of sorption depending on the MP type, which was related to some of their physicochemical properties. PA (104.7 μg/g), POM (57.4 μg/g) and LDPE (18.3 μg/g) were the polymers that sorbed the highest amounts of TCS. Glass transition temperature of polymers and their physicochemical interaction with TCS explained the extent of sorption. Significant decreases were found in growth, 22.3%, 94.6% and 81.0%, and chlorophyll a content, 58.4%, 95.0% and 89.6%, of Anabaena when exposed to TCS-loaded LDPE, PA and POM beads, respectively, which were the only MPs displaying significant sorption-desorption of TCS, implying that these MPs could act as vectors of TCS towards freshwater microalgae. This finding is of fundamental relevance as microalgae are at the base of the aquatic trophic chain and support growth of upper organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Verdú
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Pleiter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Leganés
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rosal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Ouyang MY, Liu JH, Wen B, Huang JN, Feng XS, Gao JZ, Chen ZZ. Ecological stoichiometric and stable isotopic responses to microplastics are modified by food conditions in koi carp. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124121. [PMID: 33011633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can be easily taken up by a wide range of aquatic animals and cause blockage of the digestive tract leading to starvation. Meanwhile, aquatic organisms are facing threats posed by food restriction in both wild and cultured environment. Little knowledge, however, exists on how MPs interact with food conditions to affect aquatic animals. Here, koi carp were exposed to polystyrene MPs (0, 100 or 1000 μg/L) under controlled feeding (satiated or starved) for 30 or 60 days. MPs reduced and interacted synergistically with food conditions on growth after 30 days but antagonistically after 60 days. MPs reduced crude lipid and carbohydrate but increased and antagonistically interacted with feeding conditions on crude protein. Food conditions interacted with MPs on C, N and P but stoichiometric responses were decoupled with macromolecules changes. Food conditions antagonistically interacted with MPs on δ13C after 60 days. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that C:P and N:P were the two most important measured parameters accounting for the response of koi towards MPs and food restriction, presenting an antagonistic interaction of MPs and food status with the prolonged exposure duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Ouyang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun-Heng Liu
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Wen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Jun-Nan Huang
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Sa Feng
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Gao
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zai-Zhong Chen
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Rai PK, Lee J, Brown RJC, Kim KH. Environmental fate, ecotoxicity biomarkers, and potential health effects of micro- and nano-scale plastic contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123910. [PMID: 33264963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the quantity of plastic waste products has increased tremendously. As plastic wastes are released into the environment, they exert harmful effects on biota and human health. In this work, a comprehensive review is offered to describe the physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics and nanoplastics in relation to their fate, microbial ecology, transport, and ecotoxic behavior. Present discussion is expanded further to cover the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms controlling the environmental fate, ecotoxicity, and human health hazards of micro- and nanoplastics. The risks of their exposure to microbes, plants, animals, and human health are also reviewed with special emphasis. Finally, a direction for future interdisciplinary research in materials and polymer science is also discussed to help control the pollution caused by micro- and nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Phyto-Technologies and Plant Invasion Lab, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences and Natural Resources Management, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Richard J C Brown
- Environment Department, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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174
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Cappello T, De Marco G, Oliveri Conti G, Giannetto A, Ferrante M, Mauceri A, Maisano M. Time-dependent metabolic disorders induced by short-term exposure to polystyrene microplastics in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111780. [PMID: 33352432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the modern society, plastic has achieved a crucial status in a myriad of applications because of its favourable properties. Despite the societal benefits, plastic has become a growing global concern due to it is persistence and bioavailability as microplastics (MPs) to aquatic biota. In order to provide mechanistic insights into the early toxicity effects of MPs on aquatic invertebrates, a short-term (up to 72 h) exposure to 3 µm red polystyrene MPs (50 particles/mL) was conducted on marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis, selected as model organism for their ability to ingest MPs and their commercial relevance. The use of protonic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics, combined with chemometrics, enabled a comprehensive exploration at fixed exposure time-points (T24, T48, T72) of the impact of MPs accumulated in mussel digestive glands, chosen as the major site for pollutants storage and detoxification processes. In detail, 1H NMR metabolic fingerprints of MP-treated mussels were clearly separated from control and grouped for experimental time-points by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Numerous metabolites, including amino acids, osmolytes, metabolites involved in energy metabolism, and antioxidants, participating in various metabolic pathways significantly changed over time in MP-exposed mussel digestive glands related to control, reflecting also the fluctuations in MPs accumulation and pointing out the occurrence of disorders in amino acid metabolism, osmotic equilibrium, antioxidant defense system and energy metabolism. Overall, the present work provides the first insights into the early mechanisms of toxicity of polystyrene MPs in marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA) of Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene (LIAA) of Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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175
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Rios-Fuster B, Arechavala-Lopez P, García-Marcos K, Alomar C, Compa M, Álvarez E, Julià MM, Solomando Martí A, Sureda A, Deudero S. Experimental evidence of physiological and behavioral effects of microplastic ingestion in Sparus aurata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105737. [PMID: 33422861 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global research has identified microplastics (MPs) to be impacting marine organisms. The present work aimed at investigating the physiological and behavioral effects of thirty-six juvenile Sparus aurata exposed to control, virgin and weathered MPs enriched diets during a 21-day period under controlled conditions. Physiological effects were assessed in liver and brain using the following biomarkers: activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd), the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) as indicative of lipid peroxidation. Individuals were recorded for behavior analysis (i.e. social interactions and feeding behavior). Results revealed an increase in cellular stress from control to weathered fish groups, with the virgin group showing intermediate levels in all quantified biomarkers. Significant differences were found in the liver for all biomarkers except for MDA, suggesting that exposure time to MPs in this experiment is long enough to trigger the activation of antioxidant enzymes but not to produce cell damage by lipid peroxidation. In brain tissue samples, fish from the weathered group presented significantly higher values for CAT and SOD, highlighting its function as primary antioxidants. Regarding behavioral effects, results showed that the two MPs enriched groups were significantly bolder during social interactions and, although no significantly, tended to be more active during feeding. In conclusion, MPs which have been weathered in marine environmental conditions produces a higher physiological response than virgin MPs but also, a physiological response is variable depending on the tissue analyzed. In addition, a short period to MP exposure seems to affect overall social and feeding behavior but, further research is needed to assess long-term effects of MP ingestion and its potential consequences on fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rios-Fuster
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Pablo Arechavala-Lopez
- Fish Ecology Group, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA-CSIC/UIB), Mallorca, Spain; Fish Ethology and Welfare Group, Centro de Ciencias do Mar (CCMAR), Faro, Portugal
| | - Karlos García-Marcos
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carme Alomar
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Montserrat Compa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elvira Álvarez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
| | - María Micaela Julià
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain; Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antònia Solomando Martí
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), the Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Salud Deudero
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente s/n, 07015, Mallorca, Spain
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176
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Ji Y, Wang Y, Shen D, Kang Q, Ma J, Chen L. Revisiting the cellular toxicity of benzo[ a]pyrene from the view of nanoclusters: size- and nanoplastic adsorption-dependent bioavailability. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1016-1028. [PMID: 33393578 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06747d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (Bap) is one of the main organic pollutants in the atmospheric haze that is rich in fine water drops and particulate matters. The understanding of the Bap's form in water is of great importance to unveil its real biological effects toward the respiratory system. To date, various reports have documented its toxicological effects in the molecular form. Herein, we found that Bap existed as self-aggregated nanoclusters of tunable sizes rather than as dissolved molecules in water and different sized nanoclusters illustrated varied cytotoxicity. These findings indicated that the size, which has been ignored in previous studies, is also a dominant parameter similar to the molecular concentration for determining Bap's cytotoxicity. Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, as a model for nanoplastics, could adsorb Bap nanoclusters and serve as carriers that enter the cells. The combination effect interestingly altered the cytotoxicity distinction of Bap of different sizes. The intracellular fate of the nanoparticles and subcellular organelle damages were studied to unveil the mechanisms of cytotoxic distinction. Small Bap nanoclusters entered cells faster than their large counterparts. The Bap of the PS@Bap complex was stably adsorbed on PS at the early stages of endocytosis until it was detached during the lysosomal transport and maturation process. The dissociated Bap may bypass the lysosome pathway and be released into the cytosol with a nanocluster structure or relocate into the endoplasmic reticulum. On the other hand, the detached PS preferred to bind to the mitochondria or be excreted out of the cell via the lysosomal pathway. Moreover, the PS@Bap complex resulted in a significant loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-involved apoptosis pathway. This study provides a new perspective towards the toxicological mechanism of insoluble hydrophobic organic compounds and reveals the environmental significance of nanoplastics for regulating the biological effects of conventional pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China. and CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yunqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jiping Ma
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. and Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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177
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Vieira Y, Lima EC, Foletto EL, Dotto GL. Microplastics physicochemical properties, specific adsorption modeling and their interaction with pharmaceuticals and other emerging contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141981. [PMID: 32911167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the imminent threat that microplastics (MPs) associated with pharmaceuticals represent to the aquatic environment and public health. We initially focused upon recognizing and stressing that MPs are ubiquitous pollutants. The influence of environmental factors, such as pH, mechanical stress, and photodegradation, are examined, aiming to elucidate how both substances might associate, what are their simultaneous degradation pathways and, to understand the interactions between MPs and pharmaceuticals. Mathematical tools, such as modeling and simulations, are presented in detail, aiming to improve how information is interpreted. Furthermore, it is exhibited that MPs sorption and interaction behavior towards organic contaminants play an important role in understanding its dynamics in the environment, as well as their possible interactions with pharmaceuticals that are summarized. At last, MPs and pharmaceuticals toxicity and bioaccumulation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-13, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Foletto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luiz Dotto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-13, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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178
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Kim L, Kim SA, Kim TH, Kim J, An YJ. Synthetic and natural microfibers induce gut damage in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 232:105748. [PMID: 33524702 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems is a significant environmental issue, with adverse effects on marine organisms including invertebrates and vertebrates. This study examined the effects of three types of microfibers on the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana as the test species. The brine shrimps were exposed to two commonly found synthetic microfibers (polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate) and one natural fiber (lyocell). The results suggest that the polyethylene terephthalate microfibers induced high mortality in A. franciscana, while the lyocell caused the least detrimental effects. Gut damage of microfiber-exposed A. franciscana was observed using the dye leakage in the gut layer, and the results show that gut damage occurred in all exposure groups of synthetic and natural microfibers. Overall, our findings indicate that gut damage induced by all three microfibers eventually led to adverse effects and mortality of A. franciscana, highlighting the harmful effects of microfibers, regardless of polymer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang A Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, 426-171, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhea Kim
- Human Convergence Technology R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan, 426-171, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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179
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Guo X, Wang J. Projecting the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments using artificial neural networks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123709. [PMID: 33254753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution and their interaction with heavy metal ions have gained global concern. It is essential to develop models to predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments, and to connect the laboratory study results with the field measurement results. In this paper, the artificial neural networks (ANN) models were established based on literature data. for The results showed that the ANN model could predict the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions (including Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) onto microplastics in the global environments with high correlation coefficient (R) values (0.926∼0.994). The predicted sorption capacity was influenced by the initial concentration of heavy metal ions and the salinity in surrounding water. The predicted sorption capacity in rivers and lakes was higher than that in the ocean. Aged microplastics had higher affinity to heavy metal ions than virgin microplastics. The predicted sorption capacity of Cd, Pb, and Zn ions onto large microplastics (5 mm) was less than 0.12 μg/g. The predicted amount was in agreement with the field measurement results, suggesting that the laboratory studies can provide useful information for projecting the sorption capacity of heavy metal ions onto microplastics in global aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Radioactive Waste Treatment, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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180
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Latchere O, Audroin T, Hétier J, Métais I, Châtel A. The need to investigate continuums of plastic particle diversity, brackish environments and trophic transfer to assess the risk of micro and nanoplastics on aquatic organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116449. [PMID: 33465650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater environments. While many studies have focused on the toxicity of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic environments there is no clear conclusion on their environmental risk, which can be attributed to a lack of standardization of protocols for in situ sampling, laboratory experiments and analyzes. There are also far more studies concerning marine environments than fresh or brackish waters despite their role in the transfer of plastics from continents to oceansWe systematically reviewed the literature for studies: (1) using plastics representative of those found in the environment in laboratory experiments, (2) on the contamination of plastic particles in the continuum between fresh and marine waters, focusing in particular on estuaries and (3) on the continuum of contamination of plastic particles between species through trophic transfer in aquatic environments. We found that the exposure of aquatic organisms in the laboratory to plastic particles collected in the environment are very scarce. Moreover, plastic exposures of estuarine species in the laboratory are generally carried out for a single salinity and a single temperature that do not reflect the fluctuating environmental conditions of estuaries. Finally, the trophic transfer of plastic particles is mainly studied in the laboratory through simple food chains which are not representative of the complexity of the trophic networks observed in the aquatic environment. We pointed out that future studies in the laboratory should include both MPs and NPs sampled in the environment and focus on the precise characterization of the composition and surface of these plastics as well as on their absorbed pollutants, additives or biofilms. Moreover, investigations must be continued concerning the toxicity of plastic particles in brackish water environments such as estuaries and the trophic transfer of plastic particles in complex food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oïhana Latchere
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France.
| | - Thybaud Audroin
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Jean Hétier
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Métais
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
| | - Amélie Châtel
- Laboratoire Mer, Molécules, Santé (MMS EA2160), Université Catholique de L'Ouest, 3 Place André Leroy, 49100, Angers, France
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181
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da Costa Araújo AP, Malafaia G. Microplastic ingestion induces behavioral disorders in mice: A preliminary study on the trophic transfer effects via tadpoles and fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123263. [PMID: 32629346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hypothesis that polyethylene microplastics (MPs) can accumulate in animals, reach the upper trophic level and trigger behavioral changes was tested. Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles were exposed to MPs (for 7 days) and fed on tambatinga fish for the same period. Subsequently, these fish were given as food to Swiss mice. The MP amount in animals' liver was quantified and results have evidenced its accumulation at all assessed trophic levels [tadpole: 18,201.9 particles/g; fish: 1.26 particles/g; mice receiving tambatingas who had fed on tadpoles exposed to MPs: 57.07 particles/g and mice receiving water added with MPs: 89.12 particles/g). Such accumulation in the last group was associated with shorter traveled distance, slower locomotion speed and higher anxiety index in the open field test. Mice receiving tambatingas who had fed on tadpoles exposed to MPs were confronted to a potential predator and showed responses similar to those of animals who had ingested water added with MPs (lack of defensive social aggregation and reduced risk assessment behavior). Thus, results have preliminarily confirmed the initial hypothesis about how MPs in water can reach terrestrial trophic levels and have negative impact on the survival of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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182
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Krause S, Baranov V, Nel HA, Drummond JD, Kukkola A, Hoellein T, Sambrook Smith GH, Lewandowski J, Bonet B, Packman AI, Sadler J, Inshyna V, Allen S, Allen D, Simon L, Mermillod-Blondin F, Lynch I. Gathering at the top? Environmental controls of microplastic uptake and biomagnification in freshwater food webs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115750. [PMID: 33172701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, with high concentrations being detected now also in river corridors and sediments globally. Whilst there has been increasing field evidence of microplastics accumulation in the guts and tissues of freshwater and marine aquatic species, the uptake mechanisms of microplastics into freshwater food webs, and the physical and geological controls on pathway-specific exposures to microplastics, are not well understood. This knowledge gap is hampering the assessment of exposure risks, and potential ecotoxicological and public health impacts from microplastics. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of key research challenges in analysing the environmental fate and transport of microplastics in freshwater ecosystems, including the identification of hydrological, sedimentological and particle property controls on microplastic accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. This mechanistic analysis outlines the dominant pathways for exposure to microplastics in freshwater ecosystems and identifies potentially critical uptake mechanisms and entry pathways for microplastics and associated contaminants into aquatic food webs as well as their risk to accumulate and biomagnify. We identify seven key research challenges that, if overcome, will permit the advancement beyond current conceptual limitations and provide the mechanistic process understanding required to assess microplastic exposure, uptake, hazard, and overall risk to aquatic systems and humans, and provide key insights into the priority impact pathways in freshwater ecosystems to support environmental management decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Viktor Baranov
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Holly A Nel
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer D Drummond
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Kukkola
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Hoellein
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Biology, Chicago, United States
| | - Gregory H Sambrook Smith
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joerg Lewandowski
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany; Department of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berta Bonet
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron I Packman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern Center for Water Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, United States
| | - Jon Sadler
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valentyna Inshyna
- Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Steve Allen
- Strathclyde University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurent Simon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florian Mermillod-Blondin
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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183
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Capriotti M, Cocci P, Bracchetti L, Cottone E, Scandiffio R, Caprioli G, Sagratini G, Mosconi G, Bovolin P, Palermo FA. Microplastics and their associated organic pollutants from the coastal waters of the central Adriatic Sea (Italy): Investigation of adipogenic effects in vitro. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128090. [PMID: 33140724 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Even though microplastic (MP) pollution in aquatic environment is nowadays widely studied, a huge gap of knowledge exists on their actual biological effects. In this study we first reported environmental baseline data on the occurrence and characterization of floating MPs in Italian coastal waters of the Central Adriatic Sea by using a standardized monitoring protocol. Further, we analyzed the concentrations of MP-associated chemicals and evaluated their potential adipogenic effects using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MPs were found in each sampling stations showing the highest abundance (1.88 ± 1.78 items/m3) in the sites more distant from the coast with fragments as the most common shape category. All targeted organic pollutants (i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls - PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -PAHs, organophosphorus - OP, and organochlorine - OC pesticides) have been detected on the surface of the collected MPs. The highest concentrations of PAHs were found on MPs from inshore (i.e. <1.5 NM) surface waters with low-ring PAHs as dominant components. Similarly, MPs from inshore waters had higher ΣPCB concentrations (64.72 ng/g plastic) than those found in offshore (i.e. >6 NM) waters (10.37 ng/g plastic). Among pesticides, all measured OPs were detected in each sample analyzed with pirimiphos-methyl as the most representative compound. For OCs, the sum of all concentrations of congeners was higher in coastal with respect to offshore waters. Moreover, in vitro 3T3-L1 screening of MP extracts indicated potential metabolic effects resulting in both adipogenesis and lipid uptake/storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Capriotti
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT, USA; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Luca Bracchetti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Erika Cottone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Rosaria Scandiffio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bovolin
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Delle Carceri 9, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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184
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Wu J, Jiang R, Liu Q, Ouyang G. Impact of different modes of adsorption of natural organic matter on the environmental fate of nanoplastics. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127967. [PMID: 33297026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the exposure of nanoplastics (NPs) in the environment has received extensive attention. Research concerning their fate and transport in the aquatic environment is very important and urgent. In this study, the influence of two sources of natural organic matter (NOM) on the behaviour of NPs were investigated in view of the complexity of NOM. Humic acid (HA), Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Upper Mississippi River NOM (MRNOM) were chosen to represent pedogenic NOM, while bovine serum albumin (BSA) was on behalf of aquagenic NOM. The results showed that NOM could reduce the aggregation and sedimentation of NPs, exhibiting excellent stabilization effect. The stability effect was affected by the concentrations and the sources of NOMs. For pedogenic NOMs, the stabilization effect was caused by adsorption modes with different microscopic morphologies through specific functional groups, while it was induced by the mode of steric stabilization in the presence of BSA. Spectroscopic method and micromorphology study further provided a new insight into exploring the possible mechanism of the interaction between NPs and NOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruifen Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qinglin Liu
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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185
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Sendra M, Pereiro P, Yeste MP, Mercado L, Figueras A, Novoa B. Size matters: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model to study toxicity of nanoplastics from cells to the whole organism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115769. [PMID: 33070068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of the aquatic environment by plastic nanoparticles is becoming a major concern due to their potential adverse effects in aquatic biota. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of their uptake, trafficking and effects at cellular and systemic levels is essential to understand their potential impacts for aquatic species. In this work, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model and our aims were: i) to determine the distribution, uptake, trafficking, degradation and genotoxicity of polystyrene (PS) NPs of different sizes in a zebrafish cell line; ii) to study PS NPs accumulation, migration of immune cells and genotoxicity in larvae exposed to PS NPs; and iii) to assess how PS NPs condition the survival of zebrafish larvae exposed to a pathogen and/or how they impact the resistance of an immunodeficient zebrafish. Our results revealed that the cellular distribution differed depending on the particle size: the 50 nm PS NPs were more homogeneously distributed in the cytoplasm and the 1 μM PS NPs more agglomerated. The main endocytic mechanisms for the uptake of NPs were dynamin-dependent internalization for the 50 nm NPs and phagocytosis for the 1 μm nanoparticles. In both cases, degradation in lysosomes was the main fate of the PS NPs, which generated alkalinisation and modified cathepsin genes expression. These effects at cellular level agree with the results in vivo, since lysosomal alkalization increases oxidative stress and vice versa. Nanoparticles mainly accumulated in the gut, where they triggered reactive oxygen species, decreased expression of the antioxidant gene catalase and induced migration of immune cells. Finally, although PS NPs did not induce mortality in wild-type larvae, immunodeficient and infected larvae had decreased survival upon exposure to PS NPs. This fact could be explained by the mechanical disruption and/or the oxidative damage caused by these NPs that increase their susceptibility to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sendra
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - P Pereiro
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - M P Yeste
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - L Mercado
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - A Figueras
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM), National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
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186
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Lehel J, Murphy S. Microplastics in the Food Chain: Food Safety and Environmental Aspects. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:1-49. [PMID: 34611754 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic has been an incredibly useful and indispensable material in all aspects of human life. Without it many advances in medicine, technology or industry would not have been possible. However, its easy accessibility and low cost have led to global misuse. Basically, the production of the plastics from different chemical agents is very easy but unfortunately difficult to reuse or recycle, and it is thrown away as litter, incinerated or disposed of in landfill. Plastic once in the environment begins to degrade to very small sizes. Thus, many animals mistake them for food, so plastic enters a marine, terrestrial or freshwater food web. These microplastics although chemically inert have been shown to act as tiny "bio-sponges" for harmful chemicals found in the environment changing the nature of a plastic particle from chemically harmless to potentially toxic. It was believed that microparticles would simply pass through the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans with no biological effect. However, studies have shown that they are sometimes taken up and distributed throughout the circulatory and lymphatic system and may be stored in the fatty tissues of different organisms. The result of the uptake of them showed potential carcinogenic effects, liver dysfunction and endocrine disruption. This review focuses on micro- and nanoplastics and their way entering marine and freshwater food webs, with particular attention to microplastic trophic transfer, their toxic side effects and influence to the human consumer in health and safety in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sadhbh Murphy
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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187
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Elimination of Microplastics by Downstream Sand Filters in Wastewater Treatment. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w13010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The elimination of microplastic particles (MPP) and microplastic fibers (MPF) was investigated in the final treatment stage (sand filtration) in two municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and the final treatment stage (sand filtration) at a process WWTP of a manufacturer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). At each sampling site, three samples on three different days were taken (before/after sand filtration). The samples were filtered through a 10 μm stainless steel cartridge filter utilizing a stainless steel centrifugal pump. Microplastics (MP) were separated from the wastewater matrix by oxidative treatment and density separation and analyzed by Raman microspectroscopy. Due to precautionary measures, procedural blanks were very low with a mean number of 4.3 ± 2.7 MPP and 0.88 ± 0.56 MPF within eight blank samples. The municipal WWTPs were able to eliminate 99.2% ± 0.29% and 99.4% ± 0.15% of MP in the sand filtration stage. The sand filtration of a PVC manufacturer eliminated 99.2%–99.9%.
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188
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Wang T, Wang L, Chen Q, Kalogerakis N, Ji R, Ma Y. Interactions between microplastics and organic pollutants: Effects on toxicity, bioaccumulation, degradation, and transport. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142427. [PMID: 33113705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), defined as particles with diameters <5 mm and including nanoplastics (NPs), with diameters <1 μm, are characterized by large specific surface areas and hydrophobicity. In aquatic and terrestrial environments, MPs interact with co-occurring organic pollutants through sorption and desorption, which alters the environmental behavior of the pollutants, such as their toxicity, bioaccumulation, degradation, and transport. In this review, we summarize the results of current studies of the interactions between MPs and organic contaminants, and focus on the different mechanisms and subsequent ecological risks of contaminant transfer among environmental media, MPs and organisms. The sorption/desorption of organic pollutants on/from MPs is discussed with respect to solution conditions and the properties of both the MPs and the pollutants. More importantly, the ability of MPs to alter the toxicity, bioaccumulation, degradation, and transport of organic pollutants through these interactions is considered as well. We then examine the interrelationships of the different environmental behaviors of MPs and organic pollutants and the roles played by environmental processes. Finally, we identify the remaining knowledge gaps that must be filled in further studies in order to accurately evaluate the environmental risks of MPs and their associated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; International Institute for Environmental Studies, Nanjing 210023, China.
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189
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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Pérez-Guevara F, Elizalde-Martínez I, Shruti VC. Review of current trends, advances and analytical challenges for microplastics contamination in Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115463. [PMID: 32866877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics accumulation is an emerging environmental issue and a threat to marine life and human health. There is a growing number of investigations on the abundance and distribution of microplastics in different water bodies and biota worldwide, with relatively few studies conducted in Latin America, however, the current knowledge of microplastics sources, occurrence, transport, fate and potential impacts remains largely unexplored. This review presents the current trends and advances of microplastics on a lesser known region of the world by compiling the research performed to date in different environmental compartments. The sampling techniques and methods for microplastics extraction in the existing literature data are also summarized. Among 78 published studies reviewed, 34% of studies were from Brazil and 46% of studies have mainly focused on biota. The main findings showed that microplastics are not negligible across Latin America significantly varying in their distribution, with the prevalence of fibers comprising 62% of the total. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene have been identified as the most common polymer types, accounting for 80% of the total. Limited studies and lack of standardized methodologies render difficulties to establish fundamental information on microplastics abundance and types in most countries of this region. Therefore, this review will primarily serve as a baseline when evaluating the environmental relevance of microplastics in Latin America and would stimulate discussions focusing on this topic, calling for more research in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Elizalde-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para La Producción Más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto S/n, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - V C Shruti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para La Producción Más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto S/n, Col. Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, México, D.F., Mexico.
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190
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Ecotoxicoproteomic assessment of microplastics and plastic additives in aquatic organisms: A review. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2020; 36:100713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2020.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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191
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Santos D, Félix L, Luzio A, Parra S, Cabecinha E, Bellas J, Monteiro SM. Toxicological effects induced on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after an acute exposure to microplastics alone or co-exposed with copper. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127748. [PMID: 32738713 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Data about the toxicological interactions of MPs and heavy metals in biota is limited, particularly in fish early life stages. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of MPs and copper (Cu), alone or combined, in zebrafish early life stages. Embryos were exposed from 2 until 96-h post-fertilization (hpf) to MPs (2 mg/L), three sub-lethal concentrations of Cu (15, 60 and 125 μg/L) and binary mixtures containing Cu and MPs (Cu15+MPs, Cu60+MPs, Cu125+MPs). Lethal and sub-lethal parameters, histopathological changes, biochemical biomarkers, gene expression and behavior were assessed. Our findings showed that Cu and Cu + MPs decreased embryos survival and hatching rate. Increased ROS levels were observed in larvae exposed to the two lowest Cu and Cu + MPs groups, suggesting an induction of oxidative stress. An increased CAT and GPx activities were observed in Cu and Cu + MPs, implying a response of the antioxidant defense system to overcome the metal and MPs stress. The sod1 expression was downregulated in all Cu groups and in the two highest Cu + MPs exposed groups. AChE was significantly inhibited in Cu and Cu + MPs groups, indicating neurotoxicity. A disruption of avoidance and social behaviors were also noticed in the Cu125 and Cu125+MPs exposed larvae. Evidences of Cu-toxicity modulation by MPs were observed in some endpoints. Overall, the findings of this study highlight that Cu alone or co-exposed with MPs lead to oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and ultimately behavioral alterations in early life stages of zebrafish, while MPs alone do not produce significant effects on zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dércia Santos
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Luís Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, nº 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Susana Parra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Edna Cabecinha
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Juan Bellas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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192
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Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Başaran Kankılıç G, Akca G, Çırak T, Erdoğan Ş. Microplastics in a dam lake in Turkey: type, mesh size effect, and bacterial biofilm communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45688-45698. [PMID: 32803600 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of microplastic (MP) pollution has been drawing attention for the last decades. MP pollution has been studied widely in marine environments, but limited data exists for freshwater ecosystems on potential source and transport of MPs. The type, shape, plastic components, and the color of the MPs were investigated using various-mesh-sizes (300 and 100 μm) nets in four sampling stations of Süreyyabey Dam Lake in Turkey. The growth of bacterial isolates on the MPs surface and surrounding water was also investigated. The type of the MPs and the interaction between the mesh size and the type of the MPs showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Fibers were found to be the most abundant particle type constituting 45% and 80% of the total MPs found in 330-μm and 100-μm mesh sizes, respectively. In total the observed MP abundance in the dam lake was 5.25 particles m-3, and 4.09 particles m-3 was observed for 100-μm and 330-μm mesh sizes, respectively. The color of the identified microplastics showed variations among microplastic types; however, the dominant color was transparent in each net. The main plastic components of the MPs are polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The microbial community mainly consists of potentially pathogenic strains such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Acinetobacter baumanii complex. The current study could contribute valuable background information both for MP pollution and for biofilm composition in a dam. However, the surface of the MPs and biofilm formation should be investigated urgently to understand the vector potential of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü Nihan Tavşanoğlu
- Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Environmental Health Program, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
| | | | - Gülçin Akca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tamer Çırak
- Aksaray Technical Sciences Vocational School, Alternative Energy Sources Technology Program, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Erdoğan
- Faculty of Art and Science, Biology Department, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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193
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Zhang R, Wang M, Chen X, Yang C, Wu L. Combined toxicity of microplastics and cadmium on the zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140638. [PMID: 32679492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of microplastics (MPs) on organisms have drawn a worldwide attention in the recent years. In this study, zebrafish embryos were employed to assess the combined effects of MPs and cadmium (Cd) on the aquatic organisms. Lethal and sublethal effects were recorded at 8, 24, 32, 48 and 96 hpe (hour post exposure, hpe). The exposure under a series concentration of MPs and/or an environmental level Cd has the negative impacts on survival and heart rate (HR). And there was a positive correlation between MPs concentration and lethal and sublethal toxicity under combined exposure. The physiological parameters showed that the mixture of two stressors had the antagonistic toxicity under low concentration of MPs (0.05, 0.1 mg/L) while the synergistic sublethal toxicity under high levels of MPs (1, 5, 10 mg/L) on zebrafish embryos. Both the scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and fluorescence microscope photos suggested an electrostatic interaction and weak physical forces generated between MPs and chorion membrane. It is inferred that the 10 μm MPs could induce the protective effect of chorion membrane and cause complex toxicities with Cd. But when it involved with other pollutants, the toxic effects and mechanism are still waiting to be figured out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Changming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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194
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da Costa Araújo AP, de Andrade Vieira JE, Malafaia G. Toxicity and trophic transfer of polyethylene microplastics from Poecilia reticulata to Danio rerio. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140217. [PMID: 32623154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential transfer of microplastics (MPs) between vertebrates belonging to the same taxonomic group, and the impact of such a transfer on higher trophic levels remains little explored. An experimental food chain with two fish species was installed to test the hypothesis that polyethylene MPs (PE MPs) can accumulate in animals and cause behavioral, mutagenic and cytotoxic changes at upper trophic levels. Poecilia reticulata fry were exposed to MPs for 48 h and, subsequently, offered (as food) to Danio rerio adults for 10 days to simulate an upper level food chain. PE MPs quantification in fry and in different Danio rerio tissues evidenced their accumulation at the two assessed trophic levels. This finding suggested their absorption, adherence and translocation from one organism to another. The accumulation seen in D. rerio directly exposed to MPs was associated with behavioral disorders at upper trophic level. These animals presented behavior suggestive of anti-predatory response deficit when they were confronted with a potential aquatic predator (Geophagus brasiliensis). This finding was inferred through lower school cohesion, shallower school depth and shorter distance from the potential predator. In addition, animals exposed to MPs recorded higher nuclear abnormality rates and changes in the size and shape of erythrocytes and in their nuclei; this outcome has suggested mutagenic and cytotoxic effects, respectively. Based on the current results, MPs are transferred through a food chain that only involves two vertebrates. MPs enter the vertebrates' organs, change their behavior and induce mutagenic and cytotoxic processes in animals, which can cause significant ecological consequences in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Pereira da Costa Araújo
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Julya Emmanuela de Andrade Vieira
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.
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195
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Hanslik L, Sommer C, Huppertsberg S, Dittmar S, Knepper TP, Braunbeck T. Microplastic-associated trophic transfer of benzo(k)fluoranthene in a limnic food web: Effects in two freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna, Chironomus riparius) and zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 237:108849. [PMID: 32768657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The continuously growing plastic production and incomplete recycling processes open manifold entry routes for microplastic particles (MPs) into the environment. Since knowledge on trophic transfer of contaminants sorbed to MPs is still insufficient for freshwater systems, the transfer of the model pollutant benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) sorbed to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) particles in a limnic food web was investigated: Two freshwater invertebrates (Daphnia magna and Chironomus riparius larvae) were selected and either left untreated, exposed to pristine PMMA, PMMA-associated BkF, or exposed to dissolved BkF (BkFaq). As second-level consumers, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were fed twice daily with pre-treated invertebrates over two days. Induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 by BkF was determined as 7-ethoxy-O-resorufin deethylase (EROD) activity. Both invertebrate species readily ingested PMMA particles, tracked via fluorescence microscopy and accumulated BkFaq, measured via GC-MS. Fluorescence signals in gastrointestinal tracts of zebrafish were quantified with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The fluorescence signal in gastrointestinal tracts of zebrafish was not altered, whereas, EROD activity was significantly induced when zebrafish were fed with Chironomus riparius, pre-exposed to BkFaq. Trophic exposure scenarios with BkF sorbed to PMMA did not result in any alterations of investigated endpoints in both invertebrate species and zebrafish compared to controls. Given that BkF amounts were in the low ng-range, as detected by GC-MS, the transport of MP-sorbed BkF to zebrafish was less effective than direct exposure to waterborne BkFaq, and the potential threat of trophic transfer of substances such as BkF in limnic food webs may have been overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hanslik
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Carmen Sommer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Huppertsberg
- Hochschule Fresenius GmbH, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Limburger Str. 2, D-65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Stefan Dittmar
- Chair of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas P Knepper
- Hochschule Fresenius GmbH, University of Applied Sciences Fresenius, Limburger Str. 2, D-65510 Idstein, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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196
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Qiu X, Saovany S, Takai Y, Akasaka A, Inoue Y, Yakata N, Liu Y, Waseda M, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Quantifying the vector effects of polyethylene microplastics on the accumulation of anthracene to Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 228:105643. [PMID: 33017738 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To better assess the risk of microplastics (MPs) as a vector for contaminants, it is essential to understand the relative importance of MPs compared to other pathways for chemical transfer as well as the consequences of co-exposure. In this study, we exposed Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to anthracene (ANT, 0.1 mg/L) in the presence or absence of pristine polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs, 106 beads/L), to quantify the vector effect of PE-MPs on ANT accumulation. Under the ANT-MPs co-exposure conditions, PE-MPs rapidly accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract of the medaka during a 14-day uptake phase, with an average bioconcentration factor of 171.4 L/kg. The PE-MPs could absorb and accumulate approximately 70 % of the ANT from the water sample. The PE-MPs changed the pharmacokinetic profile of ANT in medaka by decreasing both the uptake and depuration rate constants. The one compartment with first-order elimination model estimated that the amounts of ANT in the water phase and absorbed by PE-MPs (i.e., a vector effect) contributed about 67 % and 33 % of the ANT accumulation in medaka, respectively. At the end of the uptake (exposure) phase, however, the presence of PE-MPs did not significantly alter the final ANT concentrations in the fish body or alter the behavioral impacts of ANT. Thus, PE-MPs ingestion may act as a vector to concentrate and transfer ANT to medaka, but the presence of these particles may have limited adverse effects on fish under co-exposure systems of the type used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Souvannasing Saovany
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Aimi Akasaka
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-2-7, Miyanojin, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka 839-0801, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inoue
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-2-7, Miyanojin, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka 839-0801, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yakata
- Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, 3-2-7, Miyanojin, Kurume-shi, Fukuoka 839-0801, Japan
| | - Yangqing Liu
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mami Waseda
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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197
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Piarulli S, Airoldi L. Mussels facilitate the sinking of microplastics to bottom sediments and their subsequent uptake by detritus-feeders. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115151. [PMID: 32673992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are omnipresent contaminants in the oceans, however little is known about the MP transfer between marine compartments and species. Three connected laboratory experiments using the filter-feeding mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the omnivorous polichaete Hediste diversicolor were conducted to evaluate whether the filtering action by mussels affects the vertical transfer of MP of different sizes (MPSMALL = 41 μm; MPLARGE = 129 μm) and densities (polyamide = 1.15 g cm-3; polypropylene = 0.92 g cm-3) across compartments and species with different feeding modes. Mussels significantly removed MP from the water column by incorporating them into biodeposits. This effect was particularly evident for the MPSMALL, whose deposition from the water column to the bottom was enhanced (about 15%) by the action of mussels. The incorporation of MP into faecal pellets increased the particles' sinking velocity by about 3-4 orders of magnitude. Conversely, the MP presence significantly decreased the depositional velocities of faecal pellets, and the magnitude of this effect was greater with increasing MP size and decreasing density. The MP incorporation into mussels' biodeposits also more than doubled the amount of MP uptake by H. diversicolor. We conclude that detrital pathways could be a transfer route of MP across marine compartments and food webs, potentially affecting the distribution of MP in sediments and creating hot-spots of bioavailable MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piarulli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, UO CoNISMa, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, UO CoNISMa, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, 30015, Chioggia, Italy.
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198
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Kim SW, An YJ. Edible size of polyethylene microplastics and their effects on springtail behavior. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115255. [PMID: 32717557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many reliable studies have provided evidence of microplastic ingestion by soil organisms. However, further research is required to determine the edible size of microplastics, especially given the ubiquity of microplastics and their adverse effects on the soil environment. Determining the size range of microplastics that can be ingested by soil organisms is crucial for the prediction of the exposure route and toxicity mechanisms of microplastics in soil. Springtails, organisms prevalent in a wide variety of soil ecosystems, can ingest or transport microplastics; however, direct evidence for this has not been reported. To address this knowledge gap, we designed dietary exposure experiments under laboratory conditions, using the springtail species Folsomia candida. The springtails were administered polyethylene microplastics in three different sizes (2, 34, and 66 μm) via their food for a short period of time; we further observed the intestinal presence of microplastics via fluorescence microscopy to determine the maximum edible size. We evaluated the effects of ingested microplastics on springtails by quantifying their moving behavior. The results show that the edible size of microplastics is < 66.0 ± 10.9 μm, and microplastics smaller than this can significantly reduce the velocity and distance of springtail movement by 74% ± 38% compared with the control group. Based on this finding, the broader fate and toxicity of microplastics in soil environments can be estimated. Furthermore, the average velocity and distance of springtail movement decreases in response to microplastic ingestion, highlighting the negative effects of microplastics on soil organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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199
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Fu Z, Chen G, Wang W, Wang J. Microplastic pollution research methodologies, abundance, characteristics and risk assessments for aquatic biota in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115098. [PMID: 32629309 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The widespread presence of microplastics in global aquatic ecosystems has aroused growing concern about the potential impacts of microplastics on aquatic biota. In marine and freshwater environments, microplastics are distributed pervasively within water bodies from the upper water column to the bottom layer, making them available to a large variety of aquatic organisms that inhabit different locations. The ingestion of microplastic particles may cause harm to aquatic organisms. Although China's aquatic environments have been seriously polluted by microplastics, the impacts of microplastics on aquatic biota remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about microplastic pollution in aquatic biota in China; specifically, the concentration and characteristics of microplastic particles in aquatic organisms from both seawater and freshwater environments are discussed. The results showed that various aquatic organisms in China have been found to consume microplastics. The average number of microplastic pieces discovered in biota ranged from 0.07 particles to 164 particles per individual in different organisms. The most frequently observed colors of microplastics detected in biota were blue and transparent, and the detected microplastics mainly consisted of fibers. In addition, the impacts of microplastics on aquatic organisms, including physical impacts, chemical impacts, the trophic transfer of microplastics and the potential risks to humans, were discussed. Finally, knowledge gaps were identified in order to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Fu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Marine Resource, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, 530008, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China.
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200
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Kutralam-Muniasamy G, Pérez-Guevara F, Elizalde-Martínez I, Shruti VC. An overview of recent advances in micro/nano beads and microfibers research: Critical assessment and promoting the less known. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:139991. [PMID: 32559531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and toxicity of microplastics (<5 mm) on organisms has merited substantial attention from scientific and research communities. Micro- (1-5000 μm) and nano- (<1 μm) beads have been recognized as promising polymeric particles globally to assess risks for organisms after ingestion. Microfibers (<5 mm) are abundant worldwide, but studies demonstrating their impacts on organisms are only emerging and remain poorly understood. The goal of this review is to facilitate the research of microfibers towards risk assessments and understanding of their health effects on organisms. This paper examines the abundance, size, shapes, colors, and polymer types of micro/nano beads and microfibers in different environments as well as summarizes the existing knowledge related to the potential effects on organisms demonstrated from laboratory-based studies. It therefore also reviews and compares current methodologies used to synthesize microfibers for ingestion studies and further, documents their effects on organisms, critically assessing the knowledge gaps that need urgent attention in this rapidly developing research field. Taking together, this article will be useful to the microplastic scientific community and provide helpful referential information to those currently engaged in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fermín Pérez-Guevara
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Program, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Elizalde-Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - V C Shruti
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Del Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 México, D.F., Mexico.
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