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Knežević G, Lazarević LB, Purić D, Bosnjak M, Teovanović P, Petrović B, Opačić G. Does Eysenck's personality model capture psychosis-proneness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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152
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van Eeden WA, van Hemert AM, Carlier IVE, Penninx BW, Spinhoven P, Giltay EJ. Neuroticism and chronicity as predictors of 9-year course of individual depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:484-492. [PMID: 31005791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large between-person differences in symptomatology suggest that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder. However, symptom-specific prospective studies are scarce. We hypothesized that chronicity (i.e., being depressed for 24 months during a patient's preceding 48 months at baseline) and neuroticism at baseline would predict adverse course trajectories over 9 years of follow up with differential magnitudes for individual depressive symptoms. METHODS In total, 560 patients with a current MDD were included from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA-cohort). We used a multivariate linear mixed model with repeated measures, with a history of chronicity and neuroticism separately as main independent variables and with Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology self-report (IDS-SR) item scores as outcome variables. For each individual symptom, the model was adjusted for age, gender, and baseline depression severity. RESULTS Patients were on average 42.7 (SD = 12.1) years old and 64.7% were women. Patients with chronic depression or high levels of neuroticism showed similar absolute rates of decline over time compared to their counterparts. However, because symptoms had higher starting points for mood, cognitive, and somatic/vegetative symptoms (in that order), symptom severity remained higher over time. Chronicity and neuroticism were especially linked to persistent low self-esteem and high interpersonal sensitivity. LIMITATIONS Neuroticism is partly state dependent and likely affected by depression severity. CONCLUSIONS Chronicity and neuroticism predict long-term persistence of diverse psychiatric symptoms, in particular low self-esteem and high interpersonal sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wessel A van Eeden
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid V E Carlier
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip Spinhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands
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153
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Association between the Big Five factors of personality and survival seven years after heart transplantation. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 58:24-26. [PMID: 30825857 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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154
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Tubbs JD, Savage JE, Adkins AE, Amstadter AB, Dick DM. Mindfulness moderates the relation between trauma and anxiety symptoms in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2019; 67:235-245. [PMID: 29979916 PMCID: PMC6330246 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2018.1477782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relations between trauma exposure and anxiety and depression among college students, and to determine whether trait mindfulness may moderate these relations. PARTICIPANTS Self-report survey data from 2,336 college sophomores were drawn from a larger university-wide study ("Spit for Science"). METHODS We constructed multiple linear regression models using past-year trauma exposure, trait mindfulness, and their multiplicative interaction to predict current anxiety and depressive symptom severity, while controlling for covariates. RESULTS Mindfulness was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety symptom severity. Trauma was a significant predictor of anxiety, but not depression, and high levels of mindfulness attenuated the association between trauma exposure and higher anxiety symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS These results have implications for the treatment and prevention of anxiety among trauma-exposed college students and provide a basis for further research into the mechanisms through which mindfulness may facilitate positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Tubbs
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ananda B. Amstadter
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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155
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Wong BCF, Chau CKL, Ao FK, Mo CH, Wong SY, Wong YH, So HC. Differential associations of depression-related phenotypes with cardiometabolic risks: Polygenic analyses and exploring shared genetic variants and pathways. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:330-344. [PMID: 30521077 DOI: 10.1002/da.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have suggested associations between depression and cardiometabolic (CM) diseases. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this comorbidity, and whether the relationship differs by depression subtypes. METHODS Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression, we investigated the genetic overlap of various depression-related phenotypes with a comprehensive panel of 20 CM traits. GWAS results for major depressive disorder (MDD) were taken from the PGC and CONVERGE studies, with the latter focusing on severe melancholic depression. GWAS results on general depressive symptoms (DS) and neuroticism were also included. We identified the shared genetic variants and inferred enriched pathways. We also looked for drugs over-represented among the top-shared genes, with an aim to finding repositioning opportunities for comorbidities. RESULTS We found significant genetic overlap between MDD, DS, and neuroticism with cardiometabolic traits. In general, positive polygenic associations with CM abnormalities were observed except for MDD-CONVERGE. Counterintuitively, PRS representing severe melancholic depression was associated with reduced CM risks. Enrichment analyses of shared SNPs revealed many interesting pathways such as those related to inflammation that underlie the comorbidity of depressive and CM traits. Using a gene-set analysis approach, we also revealed several repositioning candidates with literature support (e.g., bupropion). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights shared genetic bases of depression with CM traits, and suggests the associations vary by depression subtypes, which may have implications in targeted prevention of cardiovascular events for patients. Identification of shared genetic factors may also guide drug discovery for the comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Chi-Fung Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Carlos Kwan-Long Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fu-Kiu Ao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Hei Mo
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sze-Yung Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yui-Hang Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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156
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Reuben A, Schaefer JD, Moffitt TE, Broadbent J, Harrington H, Houts RM, Ramrakha S, Poulton R, Caspi A. Association of Childhood Lead Exposure With Adult Personality Traits and Lifelong Mental Health. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:418-425. [PMID: 30673063 PMCID: PMC6450277 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Millions of adults now entering middle age were exposed to high levels of lead, a developmental neurotoxin, as children. Although childhood lead exposure has been linked to disrupted behavioral development, the long-term consequences for adult mental and behavioral health have not been fully characterized. OBJECTIVE To examine whether childhood lead exposure is associated with greater psychopathology across the life course and difficult adult personality traits. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study was based on a population-representative birth cohort of individuals born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, in Dunedin, New Zealand, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Members were followed up in December 2012 when they were 38 years of age. Data analysis was performed from March 14, 2018, to October 24, 2018. EXPOSURES Childhood lead exposure ascertained as blood lead levels measured at 11 years of age. Blood lead levels were unrelated to family socioeconomic status. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes were adult mental health disorder symptoms assessed through clinical interview at 18, 21, 26, 32, and 38 years of age and transformed through confirmatory factor analysis into continuous measures of general psychopathology and internalizing, externalizing, and thought disorder symptoms (all standardized to a mean [SD] of 100 [15]) and adult personality assessed through informant report using the Big Five Personality Inventory (assessing neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) at 26, 32, and 38 years of age (all scores standardized to a mean [SD] of 0 [1]). Hypotheses were formulated after data collection; an analysis plan was posted in advance. RESULTS Of 1037 original study members, 579 (55.8%) were tested for lead exposure at 11 years of age (311 [53.7%] male). The mean (SD) blood lead level was 11.08 (4.96) μg/dL. After adjusting for study covariates, each 5-μg/dL increase in childhood blood lead level was associated with a 1.34-point increase (95% CI, 0.11-2.57; P = .03) in general psychopathology, driven by internalizing (b = 1.41; 95% CI, 0.19-2.62; P = .02) and thought disorder (b = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.06-2.54; P = .04) symptoms. Each 5-μg/dL increase in childhood blood lead level was also associated with a 0.10-SD increase in neuroticism (95% CI, 0.02-0.08; P = .02), a 0.09-SD decrease in agreeableness (95% CI, -0.18 to -0.01; P = .03), and a 0.14-SD decrease in conscientiousness (95% CI, -0.25 to -0.03; P = .01). There were no statistically significant associations with informant-rated extraversion (b = -0.09; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.004; P = .06) and openness to experience (b = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.03; P = .15). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this multidecade, longitudinal study of lead-exposed children, higher childhood blood lead level was associated with greater psychopathology across the life course and difficult adult personality traits. Childhood lead exposure may have long-term consequences for adult mental health and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Reuben
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan D. Schaefer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Terrie E. Moffitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Broadbent
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Honalee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Renate M. Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina,King’s College London, Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, & Neuroscience, London, United Kingdom
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157
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Nolan A, McCrory C, Moore P. Personality and preventive healthcare utilisation: Evidence from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Prev Med 2019; 120:107-112. [PMID: 30660708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is extensive empirical evidence that personality is associated with many outcomes and behaviours, such as educational outcomes, labour market participation, savings behaviour, health behaviours, physical health status and mortality. Use of preventive healthcare services (e.g., vaccinations, screening, etc.) is a potential pathway explaining the link between personality and health, and is an important component of healthy ageing. We examine the association between personality traits (the 'Big Five') and a variety of preventive healthcare utilisation measures in the older population. Using data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), we estimate Poisson models of preventive healthcare utilisation (influenza vaccination, blood cholesterol test, breast lump check, mammogram, prostate examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test). We find that openness to experience is a significant predictor of breast lump check and mammogram in women aged 65+ after adjustment for other confounders and multiple hypothesis testing. While uptake of many preventive healthcare services remains below national recommendations for the older population, with the exception of breast lump checks and mammograms for women aged 65+, we find little evidence to link this heterogeneity in uptake to personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Nolan
- Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin, Ireland; The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cathal McCrory
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Moore
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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158
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Sensory processing sensitivity and its association with seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:359-364. [PMID: 30599439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that an increased sensitivity to the surroundings, can leave some individuals vulnerable to experience the environmental stress of winter more overwhelming, thus leading to a greater risk of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). However, the association between trait Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) and SAD is not known. We therefore aimed to investigate: 1)cross-seasonal group differences in trait SPS, in 31 individuals with SAD compared to 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls, and 2)the association between trait SPS in remitted phase (summer) and depression severity in symptomatic phase (winter) in individuals with SAD. All participants completed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, as a measure of SPS, and the Major Depression Inventory in summer and in winter, using a longitudinal and seasonally counterbalanced design. In both remitted and symptomatic phase, individuals with SAD exhibited higher trait SPS compared to healthy controls, which for individuals with SAD was heightened during depression in winter. Notably, when averaged across season, about 25% of the individuals with SAD display high-sensitivity whereas this is only the case for 5% of the healthy controls. In addition, higher trait SPS in summer was associated with more severe SAD symptoms in winter. Our findings suggest that those with SAD are more likely to score high on SPS and that high SPS may be a vulnerability marker related to more severe SAD symptomatology.
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159
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Altamura M, Iuso S, D’Andrea G, D’Urso F, Piccininni C, Angelini E, Sessa F, Margaglione M, Padulo C, Fairfield B, Petito A, Bellomo A. Maladaptive Coping Strategies and Neuroticism Mediate the Relationship Between 5HTT-LPR Polymorphisms and Symptoms of Anxiety in Elite Athletes. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 16:62-71. [PMID: 34908940 PMCID: PMC8650181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that genetic factors, personality traits and coping strategies might play both independent and interacting roles when influencing stress-related anxiety symptoms. The aim of this study was to examine whether Neuroticism and maladaptive coping strategies mediate the association between the serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTT-LPR) and symptoms of anxiety and depression in elite athletes who experience high levels of competitive stress. METHOD One hundred and thirty-three participants were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and then asked to complete the Cope Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. A path analysis was used to test this hypothesis. RESULTS The 5HTT-LPR was significantly associated with Neuroticism, the coping strategy of Focus on and Venting of Emotions' (FVE) and symptoms of anxiety. FVE and Neuroticism mediated the association between the 5HTT-LPR and symptoms of anxiety (i.e., Cognitive Anxiety and Emotional Arousal Control). Also, Neuroticism was a mediator of the association between the 5HTT-LPR and FVE. Finally, FVE also mediated effects on the relationship between Neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The 5HTT-LPR may affect the susceptibility to develop symptoms of anxiety in elite athletes indirectly through mediation by maladaptive coping strategies and Neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Altamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanna D’Andrea
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca D’Urso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla Piccininni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Angelini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Caterina Padulo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
- CeSI-Met, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Beth Fairfield
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
- CeSI-Met, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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160
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Five-factor personality model versus affective temperaments: a study in a nonclinical Polish sample. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2019.82751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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161
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Thalmayer AG, Saucier G, Flournoy JC, Srivastava S. Ethics-Relevant Values as Antecedents of Personality Change: Longitudinal Findings from the Life and Time Study. COLLABRA: PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
What leads personality to develop in adulthood? Values, guiding principles that apply across contexts, may capture motivation for growth and change. An essentialist trait perspective posits that personality changes only as a result of organic factors. But evidence suggests that psychosocial factors also influence personality change, especially during young adulthood. In the Life and Time study of sources of personality change in adulthood, we specifically explore ethically-relevant value priorities, those related to the relative prioritization of narrow self-interest over the concerns of a larger community. According to Rollo May (1967), “mature values”, including aspects of both self-transcendence and self-determination, should serve to diminish or prevent neurotic anxiety. This is consistent with research on materialism, which is associated with lower well-being. An index based on May’s proposal and several related constructs (materialism, unmitigated self-interest, collectivism and individualism) are tested longitudinally as possible antecedents of Big Five/Six personality trait change using bivariate LCMSR models in a national community sample (N = 864 at Time 1). Contrary to an essentialist trait perspective, these value priorities more often preceded change in personality traits than vice-versa. Somewhat consistent with May’s theory, higher “mature” values preceded higher openness (statistically significant at the p < .005 level). Higher vertical individualism significantly preceded lower compassion, intellect and openness. At the suggestive (p < .05) level, higher unmitigated self-interest preceded lower conscientiousness, higher vertical individualism preceded higher volatility, higher mature values preceded higher honesty/propriety and politeness, higher horizontal collectivism preceded higher orderliness, agreeableness, and assertiveness and lower intellect, and higher horizontal individualism preceded lower withdrawal. In two of three cases, suggestive personality-as-antecedent-of-values-change effects were reciprocal with the values-effects: higher conscientiousness scores reciprocally preceded lower unmitigated self-interest, and higher volatility higher vertical individualism. No significant or suggestive “stand-alone”, non-reciprocal personality on values effects were found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John C. Flournoy
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, US
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, US
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162
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Verma N, Sinha D, Dave M, Kamath RM. Psychopathology and personality factors in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Ind Psychiatry J 2019; 28:103-106. [PMID: 31879455 PMCID: PMC6929218 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_54_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness which has far-reaching consequences not only on patients but also on relatives. These relatives are at an increased risk for developing schizophrenia, depression, and substance dependence. Psychopathology may be related to personality factors. This study was planned to assess psychopathology and personality factors in first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and to evaluate any relation between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at psychiatry out- and in-patient clinic at a tertiary care teaching hospital. One hundred and fifty patients who were first-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition were enrolled in this study. Psychopathology was assessed on "Symptom Checklist 90-Revised." "Big Five Inventory" (BFI) was used to study the personality factors. The two variables were compared to look for any relation between them. RESULTS Eighty-two of 150 (54.67%) first-degree relatives were diagnosed to have significant psychopathology. Among them, 42 (i.e., 58.5%) had either somatization or depression. Those relatives who had psychopathology scored higher on neuroticism (P = 3.51E-04) and lower on agreeableness (P = 0.029) domains of BFI. CONCLUSION Relatives of patients with schizophrenia should be screened for psychopathology regularly, also relation between personality and psychopathology needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitisha Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deoraj Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, RN Cooper Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malay Dave
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ravindra M Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, TNMC and Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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163
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Smith EM, Reynolds S, Orchard F, Whalley HC, Chan SW. Cognitive biases predict symptoms of depression, anxiety and wellbeing above and beyond neuroticism in adolescence. J Affect Disord 2018; 241:446-453. [PMID: 30145516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a period of vulnerability to affective disorders. Neuroticism is considered a heritable risk factor for depression, but is not directly amenable to intervention. Therefore, it is important to identify the contributions of modifiable risk factors. Negative cognitive biases are implicated in the onset and maintenance of affective disorders in adults, and may represent modifiable risk factors in adolescence. AIM(S) This study sought to assess to what extent cognitive biases are able to predict depression, anxiety and wellbeing beyond that of neuroticism in adolescents. METHODS Adolescents (N = 99), recruited from Scottish secondary schools (54.5% female; mean age = 14.7), ensured a sample representing the breadth of the mental health spectrum. In line with prevalence estimates, 18% of this sample demonstrated clinical levels of depression symptoms. Cognitive biases of autobiographical memory, self-referential memory, ambiguous scenarios interpretation, facial expression recognition, rumination and dysfunctional attitudes were assessed. Depression, anxiety, and wellbeing were indexed using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the BBC Subjective Wellbeing Scale. RESULTS Regression analyses demonstrated neuroticism to significantly predict depression, anxiety and wellbeing. The addition of cognitive biases resulted in a significant increase of explained variance with final models explaining just over 50% of variances of depression, anxiety and wellbeing. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that cognitive biases explain mental health symptoms over and above that of neuroticism. Depressive symptomology was particularly related to self-referential memory bias, while anxiety was predicted by interpretive bias. The key clinical implication is that targeting specific biases based on diagnostic features may be of particular benefit in alleviating distress and promoting wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilidh M Smith
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | - Heather C Whalley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Stella Wy Chan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Doorway 6 Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom.
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164
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Oksman E, Rosenström T, Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. A Longitudinal Multilevel Study of the "Social" Genotype and Diversity of the Phenotype. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2034. [PMID: 30405505 PMCID: PMC6207617 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sociability and social domain-related behaviors have been associated with better well-being and endogenous oxytocin levels. Inspection of the literature, however, reveals that the effects between sociability and health outcomes, or between sociability and genotype, are often weak or inconsistent. In the field of personality psychology, the social phenotype is often measured by error-prone assessments based on different theoretical frameworks, which can partly explain the inconsistency of the previous findings. In this study, we evaluated the generalizability of “sociability” measures by partitioning the population variance in adulthood sociability using five indicators from three personality inventories and assessed in two to four follow-ups over a 15-year period (n = 1,573 participants, 28,323 person-observations; age range 20–50 years). Furthermore, we tested whether this variance partition would shed more light to the inconsistencies surrounding the “social” genotype, by using four genetic variants (rs1042778, rs2254298, rs53576, rs3796863) previously associated with a wide range of human social functions. Based on our results, trait (between-individual) variance explained 23% of the variance in overall sociability, differences between sociability indicators explained 41%, state (within-individual) variance explained 5% and measurement errors explained 32%. The genotype was associated only with the sociability indicator variance, suggesting it has specific effects on sentimentality and emotional sharing instead of reflecting general sociability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Oksman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tom Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Departments of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Tuomas Raitakari
- Departments of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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165
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Lui PP, Vidales CA, Rollock D. Personality and the Social Environment: Contributions to Psychological Adjustment Among Asian and Euro American Students. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2018.37.9.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Although personality and sociocultural experiences shape how people adapt to changing life circumstances, these factors’ contributions to psychological adjustment outcomes may differ across ethnic groups. Previous research has shown that personality traits predict psychological distress and wellbeing, and people's comfort with their social environments and interpersonal relationships also can be instrumental in understanding their psychological adjustment. Research on personality and on environmental characteristics have tended to focus on Euro Americans and on people of color, respectively; the extent to which campus climate and ethnic group contact predict psychological adjustment above and beyond personality remains understudied and unclear. Method: Relative influences of Big 5 personality and environmental characteristics at a predominantly White college were tested as predictors of psychological adjustment among Asian (N = 412; 48.5% women, Mage = 19.60) and Euro American (N = 277; 47.7% women, Mage = 19.46) students. Results: Measurement invariance tests showed that only a subset of the NEO Five Factor Inventory was equivalent across groups. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that personality contributed to depression and anxiety symptoms for both groups, but comfort with campus environment and ethnic social comfort were distinctively important predictors of Asians’ psychological adjustment. Discussion: Implications for research, professional services, and university practices are discussed.
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166
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Sadeq NA, Molinari V. Personality and its Relationship to Depression and Cognition in Older Adults: Implications for Practice. Clin Gerontol 2018; 41:385-398. [PMID: 29279022 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1407981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Personality is an important contributor to an individual's mental health and is consistently linked to the two most prevalent mental health conditions among older adults: dementia and depression. This review summarizes the current findings on personality and its association with cognitive decline and depression, as well as treatment outcomes and possible intervention strategies. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO. Search terms included 'personality traits,' 'depression,' 'treatment,' and 'older adults.' RESULTS Cognitive decline and depressive disorders are both associated with a common personality profile: high neuroticism, and low conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness. Across studies, the most consistent predictor of late-life depression, its course, and treatment outcomes is higher neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits are associated with cognitive decline, as well as the diagnosis and course of late-life depression in older adults. However, formal personality assessment is not typically incorporated in clients' treatment plans, even though personality traits may influence treatment efficacy and outcomes. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Formal assessment of personality traits may be beneficial in terms of treatment adherence and outcomes for older adults. Tailored interventions that specifically target the client's strengths are likely to be well received by both clients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen A Sadeq
- a School of Aging Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
| | - Victor Molinari
- a School of Aging Studies , University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
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167
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Neuroticism Magnifies the Detrimental Association between Social Media Addiction Symptoms and Wellbeing in Women, but Not in Men: a three-Way Moderation Model. Psychiatr Q 2018; 89:605-619. [PMID: 29396749 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Addiction symptoms in relation to the use of social networking sites (SNS) can be associated with reduced wellbeing. However, the mechanisms that can control this association have not been fully characterized, despite their relevance to effective treatment of individuals presenting SNS addiction symptoms. In this study we hypothesize that sex and neuroticism, which are important determinants of how people evaluate and respond to addiction symptoms, moderate this association. To examine these assertions, we employed hierarchical linear and logistic regression techniques to analyze data collected with a cross-sectional survey of 215 Israeli college students who use SNS. Results lend support to the hypothesized negative association between SNS addiction symptoms and wellbeing (as well as potentially being at-risk for low mood/ mild depression), and the ideas that (1) this association is augmented by neuroticism, and (2) that the augmentation is stronger for women than for men. They demonstrated that the sexes may differ in their SNS addiction-wellbeing associations: while men had similar addiction symptoms -wellbeing associations across neuroticism levels, women with high levels of neuroticism presented much steeper associations compared to women with low neuroticism. This provides an interesting account of possible "telescoping effect", the idea that addicted women present a more severe clinical profile compared to men, in the case of technology-"addictions".
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168
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Xi C, Zhong M, Lei X, Liu Y, Ling Y, Zhu X, Yao S, Yi J. Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Neuroticism Subscale of the NEO-PI. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1454. [PMID: 30174631 PMCID: PMC6108233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is an important concept in psychology, self-report measures of neuroticism are important for both research and clinical practice. The neuroticism subscale of the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) is a brief measure of neuroticism, and it was widely used in the world. This study was aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI. A total of 5,494 undergraduates from three universities and 551 clinical patients with mental disorders from a psychological clinic had completed the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale of the NEO-PI. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine how well the three hypothetical models fit the data and the measurement equivalence of neuroticism subscale across gender. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Both the six-facet model and the bi-factor model (six-facet model with one general factor) achieved satisfactory fit, while the six-facet model had best fit (Undergraduate sample: TLI = 0.919, CFI = 0.933, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.033; Clinical sample: TLI = 0.921, CFI = 0.935, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.041), and it had measurement equivalence across gender. The neuroticism subscale also showed acceptable internal consistency and good stability. Within the undergraduate sample, there were statistically significant gender differences in neuroticism total scores and scores of six facets, while there were no significant gender differences in the neuroticism scores in the clinical sample. Both in the undergraduate sample and the clinical sample, anxiety facet, depression facet and vulnerability facet of the neuroticism subscale significantly predicted the depression level, while anxiety facet, angry-hostility facet and vulnerability facet significantly predicted the anxiety level. In conclusion, the Chinese version of the neuroticism subscale is a reliable and valid measurement of neuroticism in both undergraduate and clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingtian Zhong
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Ling
- Education Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyao Yi
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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169
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Koster N, Laceulle O, van der Heijden P, de Clercq B, van Aken M. Trajectories of change in symptom distress in a clinical group of late adolescents: The role of maladaptive personality traits and relations with parents. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:192-202. [PMID: 29577659 PMCID: PMC6099206 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, it was analysed whether trajectories of change in symptom distress could be identified in a clinical group of late adolescents with personality pathology. Furthermore, it was examined whether maladaptive personality traits and relations with parents were predictive of following one of these trajectories. Three latent classes emerged from growth mixture modelling with a symptom inventory (n = 911): a Stable High, a Strong Decreasing and a Moderate Decreasing trajectory. Subsequently, by using multinomial logistic regression analyses in a subsample of late-adolescents (n = 127), it was revealed that high levels of Negative Affectivity and Detachment were predictive of following the Strong Decreasing, and high levels of Detachment were predictive of following the Stable High trajectory. Support from or Negative Interactions with parents were not predictive of any of the trajectories. The current results contribute to the notion of individual trajectories of change in symptom distress and provide suggestions for screening patients on personality traits to gain insight in the course of this change. © 2018 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagila Koster
- Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel, 's Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Odilia Laceulle
- Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marcel van Aken
- Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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170
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Khoo S, Simms LJ. Links between depression and openness and its facets. Personal Ment Health 2018; 12:203-215. [PMID: 29611346 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Most studies on depression and personality have focused on the role of Neuroticism and Extraversion. Openness is a much less studied trait in this literature, as past studies investigating Openness and depression often have found non-significant correlations between them. However, past studies mostly have investigated Openness and depression at the domain level and used non-clinical samples. In the present study, the relationship between depression and Openness at the domain and facet levels was examined in a sample of 266 participants recruited from outpatient psychiatric settings. Findings showed that although the Openness domain was significantly related to depression, it did not account for a significant proportion of unique variance for depression. However, Openness did account for a significant proportion of unique variance for depression at the facet level, even after accounting for sex, age, Neuroticism and Extraversion. Specifically, unique effects emerged for the facets of Aesthetics positively predicting Depression and Values negatively predicting Depression and Anhedonia. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Khoo
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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171
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Wang B, Dong X. The Association Between Personality and Loneliness: Findings From a Community-Dwelling Chinese Aging Population. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418778181. [PMID: 30035191 PMCID: PMC6050618 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418778181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of loneliness is prevalent and detrimental. Personality may influence individual perceptions of loneliness, but the relationship has not been adequately examined among minority aging populations. In a representative sample of 3,157 Chinese older adults in Chicago, we examined the associations between two personality traits and loneliness. Independent variables were neuroticism and conscientiousness, and dependent variable was perceived loneliness. Logistic regressions were used to adjust for confounding factors. Both traits were significantly associated with loneliness. One unit increase in neuroticism was associated with a 1.15 times higher likelihood of feeling lonely (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15, 1.12-1.18), whereas a unit increase in conscientiousness was associated with 3% decrease in risk of loneliness (OR: 0.97, 0.96-0.99). Compared with a low level of neuroticism, individuals with middle and high levels were 1.51 and 3.59 times more likely to feel lonely (OR: 1.51, 1.17-1.95; OR: 3.59, 2.84-4.54). Participants with high conscientiousness had a 24% decreased risk of loneliness relative to those with a low level (OR: 0.76, 0.60-0.96). This study provides evidence supporting the close relationships between personality and loneliness among U.S. Chinese older adults. Rigorously designed longitudinal studies are needed to clarify different trajectories of loneliness over time and its associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - XinQi Dong
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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172
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Normative and Maladaptive Personality Trait Models of Mood, Psychotic, and Substance Use Disorders. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2018; 40:606-613. [PMID: 30459484 PMCID: PMC6223804 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-018-9688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a questionnaire developed to assess the five domains represented in the alternative model for personality disorders proposed in Section III of the DSM-5. This study examined the ability of the PID-5 to distinguish between different mental disorders compared to a questionnaire measure of the five-factor model (FFM) of normative personality. The study included the administration of the PID-5 and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), a measure of the FFM, to treatment-seeking individuals with Depressive, Bipolar, Psychotic, and Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD). Diagnostic groups were compared at the domain level of PID-5 and NEO PI-R, with sex and age as covariates. The main findings on the PID-5 included higher Detachment scores for Bipolar and Depressive Disorders than Psychotic and AUDs, lower Psychoticism/higher Disinhibition scores for the AUD group compared to all other groups, and lower Negative Affect for the Psychotic Disorders versus AUD group. On the NEO PI-R, the AUD diagnostic group was associated with lower Conscientiousness and Agreeableness scores compared to all other groups, and lower Neuroticism scores than the Bipolar and Depressive groups. Group pairwise comparisons did not appear to show many differences between the PID-5 and NEO PI-R. The results suggest that the alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders may have clinical utility in distinguishing personality profiles between diagnostic groups. These findings emphasize the importance of additional research on the capacity of maladaptive personality to contribute to the assessment of differential diagnoses.
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173
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Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Personality: Links to BIS/BAS Sensitivity and the Five Factor Model. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018; 75:103-112. [PMID: 31289415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms in relation to personality as assessed via both the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (BIS/BAS) and Five Factor (Big 5) Model of personality. 3,172 students from five universities completed psychopathology, BIS/BAS, and Big 5 measures. Correlations and path models with SCT, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions, and anxiety/depression in relation to personality were examined. SCT evidenced a different pattern of relations to adult personality than ADHD and anxiety/depression. SCT was significantly uniquely associated with higher BIS and Neuroticism, as well as higher BAS Fun-Seeking. SCT was uniquely associated with lower Extraversion and Conscientiousness. This study provides the first evidence linking SCT to adult personality and underscores the importance of differentiating SCT from both ADHD and anxiety/depression.
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174
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Kann SJ, O'Rawe JF, Huang AS, Klein DN, Leung HC. Preschool negative emotionality predicts activity and connectivity of the fusiform face area and amygdala in later childhood. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1511-1519. [PMID: 28992271 PMCID: PMC5737644 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative emotionality (NE) refers to individual differences in the propensity to experience and react with negative emotions and is associated with increased risk of psychological disorder. However, research on the neural bases of NE has focused almost exclusively on amygdala activity during emotional face processing. This study broadened this framework by examining the relationship between observed NE in early childhood and subsequent neural responses to emotional faces in both the amygdala and the fusiform face area (FFA) in a late childhood/early adolescent sample. Measures of NE were obtained from children at age 3 using laboratory observations, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected when these children were between the ages of 9 and 12 while performing a visual stimulus identity matching task with houses and emotional faces as stimuli. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher NE at age 3 is associated with significantly greater activation in the left amygdala and left FFA but lower functional connectivity between these two regions during the face conditions. These findings suggest that those with higher early NE have subsequent alterations in both activity and connectivity within an extended network during face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kann
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Jonathan F O'Rawe
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
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175
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Schwartz CE, Zhang J, Michael W, Eton DT, Rapkin BD. Reserve-building activities attenuate treatment burden in chronic illness: The mediating role of appraisal and social support. Health Psychol Open 2018; 5:2055102918773440. [PMID: 29785278 PMCID: PMC5954584 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918773440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the importance of four psychosocial factors—personality,
cognitive appraisal of quality of life, social support, and current
reserve-building—in predicting treatment burden in chronically ill patients.
Chronically ill patients (n = 446) completed web-based
measures. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate psychosocial
factors predicting treatment burden. Reserve-building activities indirectly
reduced treatment burden by: (1) reducing health worries appraisals, (2)
reducing financial difficulties, (3) increasing calm and peaceful appraisals,
and (4) increasing perceived social support. These findings point to key
behaviors that chronically ill people can use to attenuate their treatment
burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Schwartz
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, USA
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176
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Goetter E, Bui E, Horenstein A, Baker AW, Hoeppner S, Charney M, Simon NM. Five-factor model in bereaved adults with and without complicated grief. DEATH STUDIES 2018; 43:204-209. [PMID: 29498608 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1446059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about what psychological characteristics underlie complicated grief (CG) is limited. The current study examined the five-factor personality traits in 81 bereaved adults with (n = 51) and without (n = 30) CG. A trained doctoral-level clinician evaluated participants using a structured, diagnostic psychiatric interview, and they completed self-report measures of grief and personality. A multiple regression model indicated that higher levels of neuroticism were associated with greater CG symptom severity, implicating neuroticism in the development of CG. Future prospective studies confirming it as a risk factor for the development of CG are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Goetter
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric Bui
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Arielle Horenstein
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- c Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Amanda W Baker
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Susanne Hoeppner
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Meredith Charney
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Naomi M Simon
- a Department of Psychiatry , Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
- b Department of Psychiatry , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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177
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Self-perceived personality characteristics in seasonal affective disorder and their implications for severity of depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:108-114. [PMID: 29428773 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The personality traits Neuroticism and Extraversion may be involved in the development of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). However, the impact of personality traits on SAD severity and whether such self-reported traits fluctuate with season is unknown. We investigated the association between Neuroticism, as acquired in a symptom-free phase and depression severity in individuals with SAD and seasonal changes in personality traits in individuals with SAD compared to healthy controls. Twenty-nine individuals diagnosed with SAD and thirty demographically matched controls completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Major Depression Inventory twice: in summer when individuals with SAD were symptom-free, and in winter when they experienced SAD symptoms. In summer, the groups scored similarly on their personality traits, and the controls did not score any different in winter compared to summer. High scores on Neuroticism in summer was associated with more severe depressive symptoms in winter in SAD individuals. In winter, individuals with SAD scored higher on Neuroticism and lower on Extraversion, both compared to controls and to their own summer scores. Our results support that Neuroticism may represent a vulnerability marker related to SAD, and during a depressive episode Neuroticism and Extraversion may be sensitive markers of SAD pathology.
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178
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Baertschi M, Costanza A, Canuto A, Weber K. The Function of Personality in Suicidal Ideation from the Perspective of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040636. [PMID: 29601506 PMCID: PMC5923678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) has been increasingly studied over the last years, responding to the demand for a valid framework addressing suicidality. Yet, only a few studies have explored the function of personality in the IPTS and none with clinical patients. We aimed to contribute to fill this gap in investigating the relationship between personality as conceptualized by the Five-Factor Model, the IPTS constructs, and a dimensional measure of current suicidal ideation. We conducted correlation, multiple linear regression, and path analyses based on a trait-interpersonal framework in a sample of 201 individuals visiting the psychiatric emergency room of a general hospital with current suicidal ideation. Neuroticism (positively) and openness (negatively) predicted perceived burdensomeness, while neuroticism (positively) and extraversion (negatively) predicted thwarted belongingness. Higher conscientiousness and lower extraversion were both predictors of the acquired capability for suicide. However, none of the models involving path analyses with IPTS variables as mediators of the relationship between personality traits and suicidal ideation was adequately adjusted to the data. Thus, it appears that personality plays a significant albeit modest role in suicidality when considered from an IPTS perspective. As personality is frequently assessed in the clinical routine, health professionals should consider it as complementary to detect individuals at risk of or presenting suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Baertschi
- Service of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Nant Foundation, Avenue des Alpes 66, 1820 Montreux, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alessandra Costanza
- Psychiatry Department, SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Via Venezia 16, 15521 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Canuto
- Executive and General Management Service, Nant Foundation, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Kerstin Weber
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Les Voirons-Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air 2, 1225 Chêne-Bourg, Switzerland.
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179
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Davis SK. Emotional intelligence and attentional bias for threat-related emotion under stress. Scand J Psychol 2018; 59:328-339. [PMID: 29569275 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) can buffer potentially harmful effects of situational and chronic stressors to safeguard psychological wellbeing (e.g., Mikolajczak, Petrides, Coumans & Luminet, ), yet understanding how and when EI operates to promote adaptation remains a research priority. We explored whether EI (both trait and ability) modulated early attentional processing of threat-related emotion under conditions of stress. Using a dot probe paradigm, eye movement (fixation to emotive facial stimuli, relative to neutral) and manual reaction time data were collected from 161 adults aged 18-57 years (mean age = 25.24; SD = 8.81) exposed to either a stressful (failure task) or non-stressful (control) situation. Whilst emotion management ability and trait wellbeing corresponded to avoidance of negative emotion (angry and sad respectively), high trait sociability and emotionality related to a bias for negative emotions. With most effects not restricted to stressful conditions, it is unclear whether EI underscores 'adaptive' processing, which carries implications for school-based social and emotional learning programs.
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180
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Tavares IM, Laan ETM, Nobre PJ. Sexual Inhibition is a Vulnerability Factor for Orgasm Problems in Women. J Sex Med 2018; 15:361-372. [PMID: 29396021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential role of psychological traits in the etiology and maintenance of female orgasm difficulties is yet to be consistently established. AIM To investigate the contribution of different psychological trait features (personality, sexual inhibition and excitation, and sexual beliefs) to predict female orgasm and to assess the degree to which these dispositional factors moderate the association between sexual activity and orgasm occurrence in a large community sample of Portuguese women. METHODS 1,002 women (18-72 years, mean age = 26.27, SD = 8.74) completed questionnaires assessing personality traits (NEO-Five Factor Inventory), sexual inhibition and sexual excitation (Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales-Short Form [SIS/SES]), sexual beliefs (Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire), sexual behavior (frequency of sexual activities and frequency of orgasm occurrence), and social desirability (Socially Desirable Response Set). Hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted while controlling for the effect of covariates such as social desirability, sociodemographic and medical characteristics, and relationship factors. OUTCOMES The main outcome measurement was orgasm frequency as predicted and moderated by personality, SIS/SES dimensions, and sexual beliefs. RESULTS Results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated a significant predictive role for sexual inhibition (associated with fear of performance failure [SIS1] and related to the threat of performance consequences) and body image beliefs in female orgasm occurrence. The significant predictive effect of extraversion and of sexual excitation on orgasm frequency ceased to be significant with the insertion of all trait predictors in the final model. Furthermore, SIS1 significantly moderated the relation between sexual activity and orgasm occurrence. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Attention should be given to individual factors impairing orgasmic response in women, particularly sexual inhibition processes. The development of clinical strategies to address and regulate them is recommended. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Although this study investigated a large community sample, this sample was composed of heterosexual, relatively young women and thus generalization of the present results demands some caution. Social desirability was controlled for in the analyses and questionnaires were not collected face to face, which constitutes a strength of this study because social desirability is lower in self-administered online questionnaires compared with paper-and-pencil questionnaires, particularly for more sensitive sexual issues. CONCLUSION SIS1 was found to be a vulnerability factor for female orgasmic difficulties. Future research should test these findings with different samples, particularly clinical samples of women with orgasmic problems, preferably with the use of longitudinal designs. Tavares IM, Laan ETM, Nobre PJ. Sexual Inhibition is a Vulnerability Factor for Orgasm Problems in Women. J Sex Med 2018;15:361-372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Tavares
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciencias da Educacao, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ellen T M Laan
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciencias da Educacao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro J Nobre
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciencias da Educacao, Porto, Portugal
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181
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Müller KW, Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Stark B, Quiring O, Aufenanger S, Schemer C, Weber M, Reinecke L. Insights Into Aspects Behind Internet-Related Disorders in Adolescents: The Interplay of Personality and Symptoms of Adjustment Disorders. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:234-240. [PMID: 29174875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Problematic Internet use (PIU) that has recently been referred to as Internet-related disorder is a growing health concern. Yet, it is unclear why some adolescents are developing problematic use, whereas others sustain control. Based on previous research, we hypothesize that personality traits (low conscientiousness and high neuroticism) act as predispositions for PIU. We further hypothesize that PIU can be understood as a maladaptive reaction toward critical life events and that these maladaptive reactions are exacerbated by dysfunctional personality traits. METHODS The study investigates the prevalence of distinct subtypes of PIU among a sample of adolescents (n = 1,489; 10-17 years). Personality traits (Big Five Inventory-10 [BFI-10]), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4 [PSS-4]), and their relations to PIU (Scale for the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction [AICA-S]) were examined. As novel research questions, associations between PIU and adjustment disorders (Adjustment Disorder-New Module [ADNM]-6) and the mediating role of personality were investigated. RESULTS The prevalence of PIU was 2.5%; girls (3.0%) were more often affected than boys (1.9%). Social networking sites in girls and online games in boys were most often associated with PIU. Low conscientiousness and high neuroticism generally predicted PIU. Significantly more adolescents with PIU (70%) reported critical life events compared with those without PIU (42%). PIU was related to heightened stress and higher adjustment disorder symptoms. These associations were exacerbated by conscientiousness and neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Although the overall prevalence for PIU is in line with previous studies, it appeared unexpectedly that girls were affected more often than boys. Adjustment disorders and stress showed strong associations with PIU. This bears implications for adapting etiopathological assumptions and early intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai W Müller
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addiction, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Birgit Stark
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Quiring
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Aufenanger
- Institute of Education, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Schemer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mathias Weber
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Reinecke
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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182
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Dai L, Bailey R, Deng Y. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Metacognitions about Health Questionnaire in college students. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:1099-1108. [PMID: 29302850 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to explain the potential mechanism that might motivate and maintain health anxiety (HA), researchers have developed several measures to assess the level of HA and to identify related cognitions and personality features. However, such instruments typically measure general metacognitions [e.g., the Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30)], thereby compromising the degree of sensitivity and specificity of measurement as applied to HA-related metacognitions. To address that issue, the Metacognitions about Health Questionnaire (MCQ-HA) was designed especially for measuring metacognitive beliefs specific to HA. Because a Chinese version of MCQ-HA may be helpful in improving our understanding of HA in a Chinese population, in the current study we sought to develop a Chinese version of the MCQ-HA (CMCQ-HA). METHODS We translated the MCQ-HA into Chinese with consideration of cultural diversity. For evaluation of its validity and stability, a sample of 1290 Chinese college students answered the CMCQ-HA, the Short Health Anxiety Inventory, the MCQ-30, and the Neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. 292 students of them answered the CMCQ-HA twice. RESULTS Good internal consistency (α = 0.81) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.70) of the CMCQ-HA was presented. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor structure: beliefs about biased thinking, beliefs that thoughts can cause illness, and beliefs that thoughts are uncontrollable. Convergent validity, divergent validity, and incremental validity all were acceptable. Measurement invariance across gender was established. CONCLUSIONS The CMCQ-HA shows promise for the measurement of specific HA-related metacognitions in Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Robin Bailey
- School of Health, BB235, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Yunlong Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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183
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Popa CO, Rus AV, Skinner C, Jakab ZS. The Relation of Dysfunctional Cognitive Schemas and Personality Dimensions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amma-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether differences exist in the structural personality dimensions and eighteen maladaptive cognitive schemas among in- and out-patients (Clinical Group) diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and people from the general population without any psychiatric diagnostic (Control Group).
Methods: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) sample (N = 100) included 35 (35%) men and 65 (65%) women, with a mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 10.86; age range 18-69). The control sample (N = 100), included 28 (28%) men and 72 (72%) women, with a mean age of 27.1 years (SD = 9.8; age range 19-60). Data were simultaneously analyzed with one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to measure the effect of group membership on personality dimensions and on dysfunctional cognitive schemas, controlling for participants' age. Next, univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were done on each item with covariate-adjusted post-hoc comparisons.
Results: The results indicate that the Clinical Group participants had unfavorable scores on all five personality dimensions (i.e., Openness, Extraversion; Conscientiousness; Agreeability; and Emotional Stability - Neuroticism) and for almost all of the dysfunctional cognitive schemas in comparison with participants in the Control Group.
Conclusions: These results have general implications in understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) clients and their personality characteristic's profile and dysfunctional/maladaptive cognitive schemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Octavian Popa
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Romania , Department of Ethics and Social Sciences
| | - Adrian V. Rus
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Cathleen Skinner
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Zsolt S. Jakab
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Department of Counseling and Career Guidance , Romania
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184
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Dwan T, Ownsworth T. The Big Five personality factors and psychological well-being following stroke: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 41:1119-1130. [PMID: 29272953 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1419382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and appraise studies investigating the relationship between the Big Five personality factors and psychological well-being following stroke and evidence for personality change. METHODS Systematic searches of six databases (PsychINFO, CINAHL, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science) were conducted from inception to June 2017. Studies involving adult stroke samples that employed a validated measure of at least one of the Big Five personality factors were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of studies. RESULTS Eleven studies were identified that assessed associations between personality and psychological well-being after stroke (nine studies) or post-stroke personality change (two studies). A consistent finding was that higher neuroticism was significantly related to poorer psychological well-being. The evidence for the other Big Five factors was mixed. In terms of personality change, two cross-sectional studies reported high rates of elevated neuroticism (38-48%) and low extraversion (33-40%) relative to normative data. Different questionnaires and approaches to measuring personality (i.e., self vs. informant ratings, premorbid personality vs. current personality) complicated comparisons between studies. CONCLUSIONS People high on neuroticism are at increased risk of poor psychological well-being after stroke. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to address the limited research on post-stroke personality change. Implications for rehabilitation High neuroticism is associated with poorer psychological well-being after stroke. Assessing personality characteristics early after stroke may help to identify those at risk of poor psychological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Dwan
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- a School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Brisbane , Australia
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185
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Koorevaar AML, Hegeman JM, Lamers F, Dhondt ADF, van der Mast RC, Stek ML, Comijs HC. Big Five personality characteristics are associated with depression subtypes and symptom dimensions of depression in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:e132-e140. [PMID: 28092410 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the associations of personality characteristics with both subtypes and symptom dimensions of depression in older adults. METHODS Three hundred and seventy-eight depressed older adults participated in the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons. Personality characteristics were assessed by the NEO-Five Factor Inventory. Subtypes and symptom dimensions of depression were determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between personality and atypical, melancholic, and unspecified subtypes of major depression. Linear regression analyses examined the associations between personality and the IDS mood, somatic, and motivation symptom dimensions. The analyses were adjusted for confounders and additionally adjusted for depression severity. RESULTS Neuroticism, Extraversion, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness were associated with specified (atypical or melancholic) major depression compared with unspecified major depression in the bivariate analyses but lost their significance after adjustments for functional limitations and severity of depression. Neuroticism was positively associated with the IDS mood and motivation symptom dimensions, also in the adjusted models. Further, Extraversion and Agreeableness were negatively associated with the IDS mood symptom dimension, and Extraversion and Conscientiousness were negatively associated with the IDS motivation symptom dimension. None was associated with the IDS somatic symptom dimension. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the association of personality characteristics with mood and motivational symptoms of late-life depression. The lacking ability of personality to differentiate between melancholic and atypical depression seems to be largely explained by severity of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M L Koorevaar
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, GGZinGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Hegeman
- Department of Psychiatry, St Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F Lamers
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, GGZinGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D F Dhondt
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, GGZ Noord Holland Noord, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - R C van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M L Stek
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, GGZinGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H C Comijs
- Department Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, GGZinGeest/VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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186
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Maldonato NM, Sperandeo R, Dell'Orco S, Cozzolino P, Fusco ML, Iorio VS, Albesi D, Marone P, Nascivera N, Cipresso P. The Relationship Between Personality and Neurocognition Among the American Elderly: An Epidemiologic Study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:233-245. [PMID: 29299046 PMCID: PMC5725479 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Although different personality traits have often been associated with different levels of mental activity and cognitive functioning, no previous studies have evaluated the association in a sample that mirrors a nationally-representative sample of elderly individuals. Objective To evaluate the association between personality traits and neurocognitive functioning among individuals 51 years and older using the Cognition and Aging in the USA (CogUSA) database. Methods We analyzed the association between personality traits and neurocognitive scores derived from Waves I and II of the study. Neurocognitive functions were modeled as an outcome variable using the Big Five Personality Traits as predictors. Results All personality traits were associated with higher education except Conscientiousness. Older age was associated with higher levels of the Agreeableness and Openness traits. Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Openness were positively associated with increased neurocognitive function and self-rated present memory. Extraversion and Openness also had a positive association with long-term retrieval. Agreeableness was negatively associated with several neurocognitive functions, while Neuroticism was negatively associated with memory and cognitive effort. Conclusion Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Openness personality traits are associated with good cognitive health. Individuals scoring high in Neuroticism and Agreeableness might benefit from tailored cognitive interventions to prevent age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Mauro Maldonato
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sperandeo
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Dell'Orco
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Scienze Riproduttive ed Odontostomatologiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cozzolino
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Fusco
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
| | - Vittoria Silviana Iorio
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
| | - Daniela Albesi
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marone
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
| | - Nicole Nascivera
- SiPGI Scuola di Specializzazione in Psicoterapia Gestaltica Integrata, Torre Annunziata, NA, Italy
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187
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Lo MT, Wang Y, Kauppi K, Sanyal N, Fan CC, Smeland OB, Schork A, Holland D, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Chen CH. Modeling prior information of common genetic variants improves gene discovery for neuroticism. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4530-4539. [PMID: 28973307 PMCID: PMC5886256 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism reflects emotional instability, and is related to various mental and physical health issues. However, the majority of genetic variants associated with neuroticism remain unclear. Inconsistent genetic variants identified by different genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may be attributable to low statistical power. We proposed a novel framework to improve the power for gene discovery by incorporating prior information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and combining two relevant existing tools, relative enrichment score (RES) and conditional false discovery rate (FDR). Here, SNP's conditional FDR was estimated given its RES based on SNP prior information including linkage disequilibrium (LD)-weighted genic annotation scores, total LD scores and heterozygosity. A known significant locus in chromosome 8p was excluded before estimating FDR due to long-range LD structure. Only one significant LD-independent SNP was detected by analyses of unconditional FDR and traditional GWAS in the discovery sample (N = 59 225), and notably four additional SNPs by conditional FDR. Three of the five SNPs, all identified by conditional FDR, were replicated (P < 0.05) in an independent sample (N = 170 911). These three SNPs are located in intronic regions of CADM2, LINGO2 and EP300 which have been reported to be associated with autism, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, respectively. Our approach using a combination of RES and conditional FDR improved power of traditional GWAS for gene discovery providing a useful framework for the analysis of GWAS summary statistics by utilizing SNP prior information, and helping to elucidate the links between neuroticism and complex diseases from a genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karolina Kauppi
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umea University, Umea 90187, Sweden
| | - Nilotpal Sanyal
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Fan
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Andrew Schork
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Medical Health Center, Sct. Hans, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Dominic Holland
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0407, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0407, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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188
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Peixoto MM, Nobre P. The Activation of Incompetence Schemas in Response to Negative Sexual Events in Heterosexual and Lesbian Women: The Moderator Role of Personality Traits and Dysfunctional Sexual Beliefs. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2017; 54:1188-1196. [PMID: 28059574 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2016.1267103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits and dysfunctional sexual beliefs have been described as vulnerability factors for sexual dysfunction in women, and have also been proposed as dispositional variables for the activation of incompetence schemas in response to negative sexual events. However, no study has tested the role of personality traits and dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the activation of incompetence schemas. The current study aimed to assess the moderator role of neuroticism, extraversion, and dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the association between frequency of unsuccessful sexual episodes and activation of incompetence schemas in heterosexual and lesbian women. An online survey was completed by 1,121 women (831 heterosexual; 290 lesbian). Participants completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire-Female Version (SDBQ), and the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schemas Activated in Sexual Context (QCSASC). Findings indicate that neuroticism moderates the association between frequency of negative sexual events and activation of incompetence schemas in heterosexual women. Moreover, several sexual beliefs also act as moderators of the relationship between negative sexual episodes and the activation of cognitive schemas in both heterosexual and lesbian women. Overall, findings support the cognitive-emotional model of sexual dysfunctions, emphasizing the role of personality traits and dysfunctional sexual beliefs as facilitators of the activation of incompetence schemas in response to negative events in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Nobre
- b Faculty of Psychology and Education Science , University of Porto
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189
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Suh J, Orinstein A, Barton M, Chen CM, Eigsti IM, Ramirez-Esparza N, Fein D. Ratings of Broader Autism Phenotype and Personality Traits in Optimal Outcomes from Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 46:3505-3518. [PMID: 27538964 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study examines whether "optimal outcome" (OO) children, despite no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), exhibit personality traits often found in those with ASD. Nine zero acquaintance raters evaluated Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP) and Big Five personality traits of 22 OO individuals, 27 high functioning individuals with ASD (HFA), and 23 typically developing (TD) peers. HFA children displayed higher ratings than their peers on all BAP traits. OO were indistinguishable from TD, with the exception of greater extraversion (e.g., increased talkativeness), a potential tendency to be less emotionally stable, and pragmatic language deficits such as getting sidetracked in conversation. Overall, OO individuals are not showing BAP characteristics, but may be subject to other mild ADHD-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Suh
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute/Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 1750 East Fairmount Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Alyssa Orinstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianne Barton
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chi-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Inge-Marie Eigsti
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Deborah Fein
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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190
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Stenbæk DS, Dam VH, Fisher PM, Hansen N, Hjordt LV, Frokjaer VG. No evidence for a role of the serotonin 4 receptor in five-factor personality traits: A positron emission tomography brain study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184403. [PMID: 28880910 PMCID: PMC5589219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) brain architecture appears to be implicated in normal personality traits as supported by genetic associations and studies using molecular brain imaging. However, so far, no studies have addressed potential contributions to variation in normal personality traits from in vivo serotonin 4 receptor (5-HT4R) brain availability, which has recently become possible to image with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). This is particularly relevant since availability of 5-HT4R has been shown to adapt to synaptic levels of 5-HT and thus offers information about serotonergic tone in the healthy brain. In 69 healthy participants (18 females), the associations between personality traits assessed with the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and regional cerebral 5-HT4R binding in neocortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were investigated using linear regression models. The associations between each of the five personality traits and a latent variable construct of global 5-HT4R levels were also evaluated using latent variable structural equation models. We found no significant associations between the five NEO personality traits and regional 5-HT4R binding (all p-values > .17) or the latent construct of global 5-HT4R levels (all p-values > .37). Our findings indicate that NEO personality traits and 5-HT4R are not related in healthy participants. Under the assumption that global 5-HT4R levels index 5-HT tone, our data also suggest that 5-HT tone per se is not directly implicated in normal personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Vibeke Høyrup Dam
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv Vadskjær Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibe Gedsoe Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, the Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging and Center for Experimental Medicine Neuropharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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191
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Boillat C, Deuring G, Pflueger MO, Graf M, Rosburg T. Neuroticism in child sex offenders and its association with sexual dysfunctions, cognitive distortions, and psychological complaints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 54:83-89. [PMID: 28595809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies in child sex offenders (CSO) often report deviant personality characteristics. In our study, we investigated neuroticism in CSO and tested the hypothesis that CSO with high neuroticism show more serious abuse behavior and are more likely to exhibit sexual dysfunction and cognitive distortions, as compared to CSO with low neuroticism. A sample of 40 CSO (both child sexual abusers and child sexual material users) was split into two subsamples based on their neuroticism scores, obtained by the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) questionnaire. Subsequently, we compared their scores in the Multiphasic Sex Inventory (MSI) questionnaire and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Our results show that CSO exhibited higher levels of neuroticism than controls, but were still in the normal range. In CSO, neuroticism was associated with sexual dysfunction and cognitive distortions, rather than with more severe abuse behavior. Moreover, neuroticism in this group was linked to a broad range of psychological problems and psychopathological symptoms, such as somatization or anxiety. Our findings suggest that neuroticism even below the level of personality disorder is associated with a broader range of psychological problems in CSO, which should be addressed in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Boillat
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gunnar Deuring
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marlon O Pflueger
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Marc Graf
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Timm Rosburg
- University of Basel, University Psychiatric Clinics, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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192
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Gale CR, Čukić I, Batty GD, McIntosh AM, Weiss A, Deary IJ. When Is Higher Neuroticism Protective Against Death? Findings From UK Biobank. Psychol Sci 2017; 28:1345-1357. [PMID: 28703694 PMCID: PMC5595241 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617709813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between neuroticism and mortality in a sample of 321,456 people from UK Biobank and explored the influence of self-rated health on this relationship. After adjustment for age and sex, a 1- SD increment in neuroticism was associated with a 6% increase in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = [1.03, 1.09]). After adjustment for other covariates, and, in particular, self-rated health, higher neuroticism was associated with an 8% reduction in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 0.92, 95% confidence interval = [0.89, 0.95]), as well as with reductions in mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease, but not external causes. Further analyses revealed that higher neuroticism was associated with lower mortality only in those people with fair or poor self-rated health, and that higher scores on a facet of neuroticism related to worry and vulnerability were associated with lower mortality. Research into associations between personality facets and mortality may elucidate mechanisms underlying neuroticism's covert protection against death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharine R. Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit,
University of Southampton
- Department of Psychology, University of
Edinburgh
| | - Iva Čukić
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, University of
Edinburgh
| | - G. David Batty
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Epidemiology & Public
Health, University College London
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of
Edinburgh
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, University of
Edinburgh
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, University of
Edinburgh
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193
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Chen Y, Peng Y, Ma X, Dong X. Conscientiousness Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among U.S. Chinese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:S108-S112. [PMID: 28575254 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study examined whether individuals' personality traits, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness, moderated the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. Methods Data analysis was based on the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE). Three thousand one hundred and fifty-nine Chinese adults aged 60 years and older participated in the PINE study. They completed scales that assessed their personality (ie, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory), perceived stress (the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale), and depressive symptoms (the Patient Health Questionnaire). Results Perceived stress was positively related to depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. No moderation effects were found for Neuroticism. Conscientiousness significantly moderated the perceived stress-depressive symptom relationship. The positive relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms was weaker for people who were higher in Conscientiousness than those who were lower in Conscientiousness. Conclusion Conscientiousness mitigated the stress-depressive symptom relationship among U.S. Chinese older adults. Future research is needed to identify the psychological and sociocultural profiles of individuals who show stress resilience and those who are vulnerable. Social services and psychological interventions are needed to promote health and well-being among U.S. Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio
| | - Yisheng Peng
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Ohio
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Psychology Department, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Texas
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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194
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Iliescu D, Macsinga I, Sulea C, Fischmann G, Vander Elst T, De Witte H. The five-factor traits as moderators between job insecurity and health. CAREER DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/cdi-08-2016-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the moderating effects of the broad personality traits associated with the five-factor model (FFM) of personality, on the relationship between qualitative and quantitative job insecurity (JI) and physical and mental health complaints.
Design/methodology/approach
Self-report data collected in a cross-sectional study from a heterogeneous sample of 469 Romanian employees was analyzed with hierarchical regressions in order to identify moderation effects between each personality trait, JI and health outcomes.
Findings
Neuroticism and introversion amplify the relationship between JI and mental health complaints. None of the other personality traits showed any significant interaction with JI. No moderating effects were found for physical health complaints. Quantitative and qualitative JI show a high correlation and similar relationships with other variables, but may not be part of the same larger factor.
Practical implications
The FFM has a lower contribution than expected in explaining the JI-health dynamic, with only 2 out of 5 reaching significance. The personality traits of neuroticism and introversion function as moderately strong vulnerability factors in the JI-mental health relationship, and may be used by managers in identifying employees who are at risk in situations when JI is likely to appear.
Originality/value
The authors offer overall support for the main effect model in the relationship between JI and health, showing that, while some broad personality traits buffer the negative effect of JI in a fairly strong manner, this effect may be very difficult to completely abolish. The authors further show that quantitative and qualitative JI are very closely related facets of the broader JI construct.
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195
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Understanding comorbidity among internalizing problems: Integrating latent structural models of psychopathology and risk mechanisms. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 28:987-1012. [PMID: 27739389 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that comorbidity is the rule, not the exception, for categorically defined psychiatric disorders, and this is also the case for internalizing disorders of depression and anxiety. This theoretical review paper addresses the ubiquity of comorbidity among internalizing disorders. Our central thesis is that progress in understanding this co-occurrence can be made by employing latent dimensional structural models that organize psychopathology as well as vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms and by connecting the multiple levels of risk and psychopathology outcomes together. Different vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms are hypothesized to predict different levels of the structural model of psychopathology. We review the present state of knowledge based on concurrent and developmental sequential comorbidity patterns among common discrete psychiatric disorders in youth, and then we advocate for the use of more recent bifactor dimensional models of psychopathology (e.g., p factor; Caspi et al., 2014) that can help to explain the co-occurrence among internalizing symptoms. In support of this relatively novel conceptual perspective, we review six exemplar vulnerabilities and risk mechanisms, including executive function, information processing biases, cognitive vulnerabilities, positive and negative affectivity aspects of temperament, and autonomic dysregulation, along with the developmental occurrence of stressors in different domains, to show how these vulnerabilities can predict the general latent psychopathology factor, a unique latent internalizing dimension, as well as specific symptom syndrome manifestations.
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196
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Both LE, Best LA. A comparison of two attachment measures in relation to personality factors and facets. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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197
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Magyar M, Gonda X, Pap D, Edes A, Galambos A, Baksa D, Kocsel N, Szabo E, Bagdy G, Elliott R, Kokonyei G, Juhasz G. Decreased Openness to Experience Is Associated with Migraine-Type Headaches in Subjects with Lifetime Depression. Front Neurol 2017; 8:270. [PMID: 28690582 PMCID: PMC5479922 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Migraine and depression frequently occur as comorbid conditions, and it has been hypothesized that migraine with and without depression may have a different genetic background. A distinct personality trait constellation has been described in migraineurs. Less attention, however, was paid to personality differences in migraineurs with and without depression which may also shed light on differences in the neurobiological, background. The aim of our study was to investigate big five personality traits, headaches, and lifetime depression (DEP) in a large European general population sample. Methods Relationship between DEP, Big Five Inventory personality traits, and headaches identified by the ID-Migraine Questionnaire were investigated in 3,026 individuals from Budapest and Manchester with multivariate and logistic regression analyses. Results Both DEP and migraine(ID) showed differences in personality traits. Neuroticism was an independent risk factor for both conditions while a significant interaction effect appeared between the two in the case of openness. Namely, subjects with migraine(ID) and without DEP scored higher on openness compared to those who had depression. Conclusion While we confirmed previous results that high neuroticism is a risk factor for both depression and migraine, openness to experience was significantly lower in the co-occurrence of migraine and depression. Our results suggest that increased openness, possibly manifested in optimal or advantageous cognitive processing of pain experience in migraine may decrease the risk of co-occurrence of depression and migraine and thus may provide valuable insight for newer prevention and intervention approaches in the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mate Magyar
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Pap
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Edes
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Galambos
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Daniel Baksa
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natalia Kocsel
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Szabo
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- MTA-SE Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebecca Elliott
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gyongyi Kokonyei
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- MTA-SE-NAP B Genetic Brain Imaging Migraine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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198
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Davis SK, Wigelsworth M. Structural and Predictive Properties of the Emotional Quotient Inventory Youth Version-Short Form (EQ-i:YV[S]). J Pers Assess 2017. [PMID: 28631978 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1280502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) is a popular construct with concentrated areas of application in education and health contexts. There is a need for reliable and valid measurement of EI in young people, with brief yet sensitive measures of the construct preferable for use in time-limited settings. However, the proliferation of EI measures has often outpaced rigorous psychometric evaluation (Gignac, 2009 ). Using data from 849 adolescents (407 females, 422 males) aged 11 to 16 years (M age 13.4, SD = 1.2 years), this article systematically examines the structural and predictive properties of a frequently employed measure of adolescent trait EI-the Emotional Quotient Inventory Youth Version-Short Form (EQ-i:YV[S]); Bar-On & Parker, 2000 ). Although the intended multidimensional factor structure was recovered through confirmatory factor analysis, the statistical and conceptual coherency of the underlying model was inadequate. Using a multitrait-multimethod approach, the EQ-i:YV(S) was found to converge with other measures of EI; however, evidence for divergent validity (Big Five personality dimensions) was less robust. Predictive utility for adolescent mental health outcomes (depression, disruptive behavior) was also limited. Findings suggest that use of the EQ-i:YV(S) for predictive or evaluative purposes should be avoided until refinements to the scale are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Davis
- a Psychological Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wigelsworth
- b Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester , United Kingdom
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199
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Smeland OB, Wang Y, Lo MT, Li W, Frei O, Witoelar A, Tesli M, Hinds DA, Tung JY, Djurovic S, Chen CH, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Identification of genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2222. [PMID: 28533504 PMCID: PMC5440373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with differences in personality traits, and recent studies suggest that personality traits and schizophrenia share a genetic basis. Here we aimed to identify specific genetic loci shared between schizophrenia and the Big Five personality traits using a Bayesian statistical framework. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on personality traits in the 23andMe cohort (n = 59,225) and schizophrenia in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium cohort (n = 82,315), we evaluated overlap in common genetic variants. The Big Five personality traits neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness were measured using a web implementation of the Big Five Inventory. Applying the conditional false discovery rate approach, we increased discovery of genetic loci and identified two loci shared between neuroticism and schizophrenia and six loci shared between openness and schizophrenia. The study provides new insights into the relationship between personality traits and schizophrenia by highlighting genetic loci involved in their common genetic etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Min-Tzu Lo
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Wen Li
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aree Witoelar
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Hinds
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94041, United States of America
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chi-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0407, Oslo, Norway.
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200
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Kandler C, Pfattheicher S, Geiger M, Hartung J, Weiss S, Schindler S. Old Wine in New Bottles? The Case of Self–Compassion and Neuroticism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on self–compassion, which is defined as being understanding and kind to oneself when confronted with negative experiences, has produced an impressive number of articles in recent years. This research shows that individual differences in self–compassion, as measured by the Self–Compassion Scale (SCS), are positively related to life satisfaction, health and social functioning. However, a critical and systematic test of self–compassion from a personality perspective has not yet conducted so far. In the present study ( N = 576), we (i) tested the factor structure of the SCS, (ii) examined the distinctiveness of self–compassion with regard to the five–factor model of personality, focusing on neuroticism, and (iii) tested the incremental predictive power of self–compassion beyond the five–factor model in the context of life satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two–factor plus six facets solution of self–compassion (a positive factor and a negative factor). Additional analyses revealed that the negative factor was redundant with facets of neuroticism ( rs ≥ .85), whereas the positive factor had some unique variance left. However, neither the negative factor nor the positive factor could explain substantial incremental variance in life satisfaction beyond neuroticism. Recommendations for how to use the SCS are provided, and the future of research on self–compassion is discussed. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
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