151
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Harney AS, Karagiannis GS, Pignatelli J, Smith BD, Kadioglu E, Wise SC, Hood MM, Kaufman MD, Leary CB, Lu WP, Al-Ani G, Chen X, Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Wang Y, Chun L, De Palma M, Jones JG, Flynn DL, Condeelis JS. The Selective Tie2 Inhibitor Rebastinib Blocks Recruitment and Function of Tie2 Hi Macrophages in Breast Cancer and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:2486-2501. [PMID: 28838996 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells promote tumor progression by mediating angiogenesis, tumor cell intravasation, and metastasis, which can offset the effects of chemotherapy, radiation, and antiangiogenic therapy. Here, we show that the kinase switch control inhibitor rebastinib inhibits Tie2, a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed on endothelial cells and protumoral Tie2-expressing macrophages in mouse models of metastatic cancer. Rebastinib reduces tumor growth and metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model of metastatic mammary carcinoma through reduction of Tie2+ myeloid cell infiltration, antiangiogenic effects, and blockade of tumor cell intravasation mediated by perivascular Tie2Hi/Vegf-AHi macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM). The antitumor effects of rebastinib enhance the efficacy of microtubule inhibiting chemotherapeutic agents, either eribulin or paclitaxel, by reducing tumor volume, metastasis, and improving overall survival. Rebastinib inhibition of angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling impairs multiple pathways in tumor progression mediated by protumoral Tie2+ macrophages, including TMEM-dependent dissemination and angiopoietin/Tie2-dependent angiogenesis. Rebastinib is a promising therapy for achieving Tie2 inhibition in cancer patients. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2486-501. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S Harney
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jeanine Pignatelli
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bryan D Smith
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Ece Kadioglu
- ISREC, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Scott C Wise
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Molly M Hood
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Wei-Ping Lu
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Gada Al-Ani
- Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Michele De Palma
- ISREC, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Joan G Jones
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York. .,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York.,Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
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152
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Alexander ET, Minton A, Peters MC, Phanstiel O, Gilmour SK. A novel polyamine blockade therapy activates an anti-tumor immune response. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84140-84152. [PMID: 29137411 PMCID: PMC5663583 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most tumors maintain elevated levels of polyamines to support their growth and survival. This study explores the anti-tumor effect of polyamine starvation via both inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis and blocking the upregulated import of polyamines into the tumor. We demonstrate that polyamine blockade therapy (PBT) co-treatment with both DFMO and a novel polyamine transport inhibitor, Trimer PTI, significantly inhibits tumor growth more than treatment with DFMO or the Trimer PTI alone. The anti-tumor effect of PBT was lost in mice where CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were antibody depleted, implying that PBT stimulates an anti-tumor immune effect that is T-cell dependent. The PBT anti-tumor effect was accompanied by an increase in granzyme B+, IFN-γ+ CD8+ T-cells and a decrease in immunosuppressive tumor infiltrating cells including Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), CD4+CD25+ Tregs, and CD206+F4/80+ M2 macrophages. Stimulation with tumor-specific peptides elicited elevated antigen-specific IFN-γ secretion in splenocytes from PBT-treated mice, indicating that PBT treatment stimulates the activation of T-cells in a tumor-specific manner. These data show that combined treatment with both DFMO and the Trimer PTI not only deprives polyamine-addicted tumor cells of polyamines, but also relieves polyamine-mediated immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment, thus allowing the activation of tumoricidal T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Alexander
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Allyson Minton
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Molly C Peters
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- University of Central Florida, Biomolecular Research Annex, Orlando, FL 32826-3227, USA
| | - Susan K Gilmour
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
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153
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Zhang M, Liu E, Cui Y, Huang Y. Nanotechnology-based combination therapy for overcoming multidrug-resistant cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:212-227. [PMID: 28884039 PMCID: PMC5570599 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2017.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment and is crucial to cancer metastasis and relapse. Combination therapy is an effective strategy for overcoming MDR. However, the different pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of combined drugs often undermine the combination effect in vivo, especially when greatly different physicochemical properties (e.g., those of macromolecules and small drugs) combine. To address this issue, nanotechnology-based codelivery techniques have been actively explored. They possess great advantages for tumor targeting, controlled drug release, and identical drug PK profiles. Thus, a powerful tool for combination therapy is provided, and the translation from in vitro to in vivo is facilitated. In this review, we present a summary of various combination strategies for overcoming MDR and the nanotechnology-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ergang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanna Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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154
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Manandhar S, Kim CG, Lee SH, Kang SH, Basnet N, Lee YM. Exostosin 1 regulates cancer cell stemness in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:70521-70537. [PMID: 29050299 PMCID: PMC5642574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with cancer recurrence following radio/chemotherapy owing to their high resistance to therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the role of exostoxin 1 (EXT1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-residing type II transmembrane glycoprotein, in cancer cell stemness. DNA microarray analysis revealed that doxorubicin-resistant MCF7/ADR cells have high levels of EXT1 expression compared to its parental cell line, MCF7. These cells showed significantly higher populations of CSCs and larger populations of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH+) and CD44+/CD24-cells, as compared to MCF7 cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of EXT1 in MCF7/ADR cells significantly reduced cancer stem cell markers, populations of ALDH+and CD44+/CD24- cells, mRNA and protein expression for CD44, and mammosphere number. Furthermore, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and migratory behavior were also repressed with reduced EXT1. In an in vitro soft agar colony formation assay, EXT1 knockdown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) reduced the colony formation ability of these cells. Based on these results, we suggest that EXT1 could be a promising novel target to overcome cancer cell stemness in anthracycline-based therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarala Manandhar
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Kim
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kang
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Nikita Basnet
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- BK21 Plus Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Training Team (22A20154413076), National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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155
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Mine N, Yamamoto S, Saito N, Sato T, Sakakibara K, Kufe DW, VonHoff DD, Kawabe T. CBP501 suppresses macrophage induced cancer stem cell like features and metastases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64015-64031. [PMID: 28969049 PMCID: PMC5609981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CBP501 is an anti-cancer drug candidate which has been shown to increase cis-diamminedichloro-platinum (II) (CDDP) uptake into cancer cell through calmodulin (CaM) inhibition. However, the effects of CBP501 on the cells in the tumor microenvironment have not been addressed. Here, we investigated new aspects of the potential anti-tumor mechanism of action of CBP501 by examining its effects on the macrophages. Macrophages contribute to cancer-related inflammation and sequential production of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α which cause various biological processes that promote tumor initiation, growth and metastasis (1). These processes include the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) formation, which are well-known, key events for metastasis. The present work demonstrates that CBP501 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α by macrophages. CBP501 also suppressed formation of the tumor spheroids by culturing with conditioned medium from the LPS-stimulated macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Moreover, CBP501 suppressed expression of ABCG2, a marker for CSCs, by inhibiting the interaction between cancer cells expressing VCAM-1 and macrophages expressing VLA-4. Consistently with these results, CBP501 in vivo suppressed metastases of a tumor cell line, 4T1, one which is insensitive to combination treatment of CBP501 and CDDP in vitro. Taken together, these results offer potential new, unanticipated advantages of CBP501 treatment in anti-tumor therapy through a mechanism that entails the suppression of interactions between macrophages and cancer cells with suppression of sequential CSC-like cell formation in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel D VonHoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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156
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Holbeck SL, Camalier R, Crowell JA, Govindharajulu JP, Hollingshead M, Anderson LW, Polley E, Rubinstein L, Srivastava A, Wilsker D, Collins JM, Doroshow JH. The National Cancer Institute ALMANAC: A Comprehensive Screening Resource for the Detection of Anticancer Drug Pairs with Enhanced Therapeutic Activity. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3564-3576. [PMID: 28446463 PMCID: PMC5499996 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, over 100 small-molecule oncology drugs have been approved by the FDA. Because of the inherent heterogeneity of tumors, these small molecules are often administered in combination to prevent emergence of resistant cell subpopulations. Therefore, new combination strategies to overcome drug resistance in patients with advanced cancer are needed. In this study, we performed a systematic evaluation of the therapeutic activity of over 5,000 pairs of FDA-approved cancer drugs against a panel of 60 well-characterized human tumor cell lines (NCI-60) to uncover combinations with greater than additive growth-inhibitory activity. Screening results were compiled into a database, termed the NCI-ALMANAC (A Large Matrix of Anti-Neoplastic Agent Combinations), publicly available at https://dtp.cancer.gov/ncialmanac Subsequent in vivo experiments in mouse xenograft models of human cancer confirmed combinations with greater than single-agent efficacy. Concomitant detection of mechanistic biomarkers for these combinations in vivo supported the initiation of two phase I clinical trials at the NCI to evaluate clofarabine with bortezomib and nilotinib with paclitaxel in patients with advanced cancer. Consequently, the hypothesis-generating NCI-ALMANAC web-based resource has demonstrated value in identifying promising combinations of approved drugs with potent anticancer activity for further mechanistic study and translation to clinical trials. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3564-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Holbeck
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard Camalier
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James A Crowell
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeevan Prasaad Govindharajulu
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Melinda Hollingshead
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lawrence W Anderson
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric Polley
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Larry Rubinstein
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Apurva Srivastava
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Deborah Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jerry M Collins
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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157
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Fernández-Calleja V, Hernández P, Schvartzman JB, García de Lacoba M, Krimer DB. Differential gene expression analysis by RNA-seq reveals the importance of actin cytoskeletal proteins in erythroleukemia cells. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3432. [PMID: 28663935 PMCID: PMC5490462 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of drug resistance limits the effectiveness of anticancer treatments. Understanding the molecular mechanisms triggering this event in tumor cells may lead to improved therapeutic strategies. Here we used RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomes of a murine erythroleukemia cell line (MEL) and a derived cell line with induced resistance to differentiation (MEL-R). RNA-seq analysis identified a total of 596 genes (Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-value < 0.05) that were differentially expressed by more than two-fold, of which 81.5% (486/596) of genes were up-regulated in MEL cells and 110 up-regulated in MEL-R cells. These observations revealed that for some genes the relative expression of mRNA amount in the MEL cell line has decreased as the cells acquired the resistant phenotype. Clustering analysis of a group of genes showing the highest differential expression allowed identification of a sub-group among genes up-regulated in MEL cells. These genes are related to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton network. Moreover, the majority of these genes are preferentially expressed in the hematopoietic lineage and at least three of them, Was (Wiskott Aldrich syndrome), Btk (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase) and Rac2, when mutated in humans, give rise to severe hematopoietic deficiencies. Among the group of genes that were up-regulated in MEL-R cells, 16% of genes code for histone proteins, both canonical and variants. A potential implication of these results on the blockade of differentiation in resistant cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fernández-Calleja
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Hernández
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge B Schvartzman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario García de Lacoba
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Service, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora B Krimer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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158
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Zhang P, Liu X, Li H, Chen Z, Yao X, Jin J, Ma X. TRPC5-induced autophagy promotes drug resistance in breast carcinoma via CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3158. [PMID: 28600513 PMCID: PMC5466655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin is a first-line chemotherapy agent against cancer, but the development of resistance has become a major problem. Although autophagy is considered to be an adaptive survival response in response to chemotherapy and may be associated with chemoresistance, its inducer and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adriamycin up-regulates the both levels of TRPC5 and autophagy, and the increase in autophagy is mediated by TRPC5 in breast cancer cells. Blockade of TRPC5 or autophagy increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Notably, we revealed a positive correlation between TRPC5 and the autophagy-associated protein LC3 in paired patients with or without anthracycline-taxane-based chemotherapy. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition and gene-silencing showed that the cytoprotective autophagy mediated by TRPC5 during adriamycin treatment is dependent on the CaMKKβ/AMPKα/mTOR pathway. Moreover, adriamycin-resistant MCF-7/ADM cells maintained a high basal level of autophagy, and silencing of TRPC5 and inhibition of autophagy counteracted the resistance to adriamycin. Thus, our results revealed a novel role of TRPC5 as an inducer of autophagy, and this suggests a novel mechanism of drug resistance in chemotherapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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159
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Kumari A, Folk WP, Sakamuro D. The Dual Roles of MYC in Genomic Instability and Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060158. [PMID: 28590415 PMCID: PMC5485522 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with genomic instability and aging. Genomic instability stimulates tumorigenesis, whereas deregulation of oncogenes accelerates DNA replication and increases genomic instability. It is therefore reasonable to assume a positive feedback loop between genomic instability and oncogenic stress. Consistent with this premise, overexpression of the MYC transcription factor increases the phosphorylation of serine 139 in histone H2AX (member X of the core histone H2A family), which forms so-called γH2AX, the most widely recognized surrogate biomarker of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, oncogenic MYC can also promote the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, clearly implying an antagonistic role of MYC in genomic instability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of the conflicting functions of MYC in genomic instability and discuss when and how the oncoprotein exerts the contradictory roles in induction of DSBs and protection of cancer-cell genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Watson P Folk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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160
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Leek R, Grimes DR, Harris AL, McIntyre A. Methods: Using Three-Dimensional Culture (Spheroids) as an In Vitro Model of Tumour Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 899:167-96. [PMID: 27325267 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26666-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regions of hypoxia in tumours can be modelled in vitro in 2D cell cultures with a hypoxic chamber or incubator in which oxygen levels can be regulated. Although this system is useful in many respects, it disregards the additional physiological gradients of the hypoxic microenvironment, which result in reduced nutrients and more acidic pH. Another approach to hypoxia modelling is to use three-dimensional spheroid cultures. In spheroids, the physiological gradients of the hypoxic tumour microenvironment can be inexpensively modelled and explored. In addition, spheroids offer the advantage of more representative modelling of tumour therapy responses compared with 2D culture. Here, we review the use of spheroids in hypoxia tumour biology research and highlight the different methodologies for spheroid formation and how to obtain uniformity. We explore the challenge of spheroid analyses and how to determine the effect on the hypoxic versus normoxic components of spheroids. We discuss the use of high-throughput analyses in hypoxia screening of spheroids. Furthermore, we examine the use of mathematical modelling of spheroids to understand more fully the hypoxic tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Leek
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Robert Grimes
- Gray Laboratory, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, QMC, D Floor, West Block, W/D/1374, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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161
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Noorani A, Bornschein J, Lynch AG, Secrier M, Achilleos A, Eldridge M, Bower L, Weaver JMJ, Crawte J, Ong CA, Shannon N, MacRae S, Grehan N, Nutzinger B, O'Donovan M, Hardwick R, Tavaré S, Fitzgerald RC. A comparative analysis of whole genome sequencing of esophageal adenocarcinoma pre- and post-chemotherapy. Genome Res 2017; 27:902-912. [PMID: 28465312 PMCID: PMC5453324 DOI: 10.1101/gr.214296.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community has avoided using tissue samples from patients that have been exposed to systemic chemotherapy to infer the genomic landscape of a given cancer. Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous, chemoresistant tumor for which the availability and size of pretreatment endoscopic samples are limiting. This study compares whole-genome sequencing data obtained from chemo-naive and chemo-treated samples. The quality of whole-genomic sequencing data is comparable across all samples regardless of chemotherapy status. Inclusion of samples collected post-chemotherapy increased the proportion of late-stage tumors. When comparing matched pre- and post-chemotherapy samples from 10 cases, the mutational signatures, copy number, and SNV mutational profiles reflect the expected heterogeneity in this disease. Analysis of SNVs in relation to allele-specific copy-number changes pinpoints the common ancestor to a point prior to chemotherapy. For cases in which pre- and post-chemotherapy samples do show substantial differences, the timing of the divergence is near-synchronous with endoreduplication. Comparison across a large prospective cohort (62 treatment-naive, 58 chemotherapy-treated samples) reveals no significant differences in the overall mutation rate, mutation signatures, specific recurrent point mutations, or copy-number events in respect to chemotherapy status. In conclusion, whole-genome sequencing of samples obtained following neoadjuvant chemotherapy is representative of the genomic landscape of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Excluding these samples reduces the material available for cataloging and introduces a bias toward the earlier stages of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Noorani
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Bornschein
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andy G Lynch
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Secrier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Achilleas Achilleos
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Lawrence Bower
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie M J Weaver
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Crawte
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chin-Ann Ong
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Shannon
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shona MacRae
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Grehan
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Nutzinger
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hardwick
- Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Tavaré
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
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162
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Li X, Wu H, Ouyang X, Zhang B, Su X. New bioactive peptide reduces the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs and increases drug sensitivity. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:129-140. [PMID: 28560442 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer bioactive peptide (ACBP) is extracted from normal goat spleens and exhibits antitumor activity alone and in combination with low cisplatin doses to achieve antitumor efficacy similar to higher cisplatin doses via sustained medication modes. In the present study, we investigated whether elevated levels of induced or normal ACBP in MKN‑45 gastric cancer (GC) cells may reduce their toxicity to oxaliplatin (L‑OHP) in a dose‑dependent manner. The growth inhibition rate (IR), morphological changes and gene expression were examined in MKN‑45 GC cells. Compared with normal ACBP, induced ACBP alone significantly enhanced the anticancer activity of L‑OHP‑mediated apoptosis and reduced the amount and side‑effects of L‑OHP (P<0.05). The inhibition of cancer cell growth at high concentrations of induced ACBP and L‑OHP was significantly more effective than at low concentrations. In addition, for the first time, we examined the potential of a combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP to increase L‑OHP sensitivity in human gastric carcinoma xenograft tumors. Nude mice were implanted with human gastric carcinoma MKN‑45 cells and treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of normal saline, 30 µg/ml ACBP, 20 µg/ml L‑OHP or 30 µg/ml ACBP + 20 µg/ml L‑OHP [combination of anticancer bioactive peptide and oxaliplatin (A+L)] via the tail vein twice a week. In vivo short‑term intermittent use of induced ACBP alone significantly inhibited MKN‑45 tumor growth. The combination of induced ACBP and L‑OHP also significantly improved the quality of life of the nude mice and reduced the toxicity of L‑OHP. Based on flow cytometry and gene expression analyses, A+L significantly increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase (P<0.05) relative to ACBP or L‑OHP alone, and short‑term intraperitoneal injection of ACBP increased the sensitizing effect of L‑OHP. Collectively, these results suggest that high levels of induced ACBP in combination with L‑OHP via a short‑term intermittent medication mode could be a useful clinical therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Ouyang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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163
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Mao L, Li Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Sun H, Zhai Z. Transforming growth factor-β1 contributes to oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer via epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:647-654. [PMID: 28693217 PMCID: PMC5494727 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), secreted by main components of tumor microenvironment, is considered to be closely associated with cancer development and chemoresistance. The present study aimed to analyze the effects and mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-induced chemoresistance to oxaliplatin (LOH) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of LOH subsequent to TGF-β1 treatment were assessed in three CRC cell lines by MTT assay. In addition, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), DNA damage and apoptosis assays were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of drug resistance in vitro. It was revealed that an exposure of CRC cells to TGF-β1 induced EMT. This was followed by a decrease in the levels of DNA damage and LOH-induced apoptotic cell death at certain TGF-β1 concentrations compared with untreated cells, which was responsible for LOH resistance. TGF-β1 leads to resistance to LOH in CRC cells, primarily through EMT. These data not only provide insight into the understanding of the chemoresistant mechanisms, but also may guide the clinical applications of reducing EMT to enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapy, by targeting TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Mao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China.,Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Qia Li
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zhai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China.,Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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164
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Nijhuis A, Thompson H, Adam J, Parker A, Gammon L, Lewis A, Bundy JG, Soga T, Jalaly A, Propper D, Jeffery R, Suraweera N, McDonald S, Thaha MA, Feakins R, Lowe R, Bishop CL, Silver A. Remodelling of microRNAs in colorectal cancer by hypoxia alters metabolism profiles and 5-fluorouracil resistance. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1552-1564. [PMID: 28207045 PMCID: PMC5393147 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours have oxygen gradients and areas of near and almost total anoxia. Hypoxia reduces sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are hypoxia sensors and were altered consistently in six CRC cell lines (colon cancer: DLD-1, HCT116 and HT29; rectal cancer: HT55, SW837 and VACO4S) maintained in hypoxia (1 and 0.2% oxygen) compared with normoxia (20.9%). CRC cell lines also showed altered amino acid metabolism in hypoxia and hypoxia-responsive miRNAs were predicted to target genes in four metabolism pathways: beta-alanine; valine, leucine, iso-leucine; aminoacyl-tRNA; and alanine, aspartate, glutamate. MiR-210 was increased in hypoxic areas of CRC tissues and hypoxia-responsive miR-21 and miR-30d, but not miR-210, were significantly increased in 5-FU resistant CRCs. Treatment with miR-21 and miR-30d antagonists sensitized hypoxic CRC cells to 5-FU. Our data highlight the complexity and tumour heterogeneity caused by hypoxia. MiR-210 as a hypoxic biomarker, and the targeting of miR-21 and miR-30d and/or the amino acid metabolism pathways may offer translational opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Nijhuis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Julie Adam
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, OCDEM, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Luke Gammon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Amy Lewis
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jacob G Bundy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Aisha Jalaly
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - David Propper
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Gloucester House, Little Britain, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Rosemary Jeffery
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nirosha Suraweera
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Sarah McDonald
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Mohamed A Thaha
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK.,Academic Surgical Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - Roger Feakins
- Department of Histopathology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Robert Lowe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Cleo L Bishop
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London E1 2AT, UK
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165
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Zhang J, Zhou L, Zhao S, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib synergizes with irinotecan to promote colorectal cancer cell death under hypoxia. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1193-1200. [PMID: 28486050 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1320005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent impediment to cancer therapy. Palbociclib, a highly selective inhibitor for CDK4/6, has been tested in numerous clinical trials and has been approved by the FDA. We previously reported that CDK inhibitors can destabilize HIF1α regardless of the presence of hypoxia and can sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL through dual blockade of CDK1 and GSK-3β. To translate this knowledge into a cancer therapeutic strategy, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of CDK inhibition against colon cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia. We found that palbociclib sensitizes colon cancer cells to hypoxia-induced apoptotic resistance via deregulation of HIF-1α accumulation. In addition to inhibition of cell proliferation, we observed that palbociclib promotes colon cancer cell death regardless of the presence of hypoxia at a comparatively high concentration via regulating ERK/GSK-3β signaling and GSK-3β expression. Furthermore, palbociclib synergized with irinotecan in a variety of colon cancer cell lines with various molecular subtypes via deregulating irinotecan-induced Rb phosphorylation and reducing HIF-1α accumulation under normoxia or hypoxia. Collectively, our findings provide a novel combination therapy strategy against hypoxic colon cancer cells that may be further translated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Lanlan Zhou
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Shuai Zhao
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - David T Dicker
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- a Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Medical Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program , Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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166
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Wang Z, Wei P, Xiang J, Wang H. BFGF neutralization stimulates VEGF secretion in melanoma B16 cells. Cytokine 2017; 96:161-165. [PMID: 28431325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is a major cryptogamic disease in olive trees caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani.
Controlling this disease requires the extensive use of chemicals. However, using BCAs such as some Trichoderma
strains may be an opportune alternative to fungicides in protecting olive plantations. A new isolate (Fso14) was
isolated from young olive trees showing severe dieback symptoms. The objective of this work was to analyze the
biocontrol behavior of a Tunisian strain of T. harzianum (Ths97) on olive trees against Fso14 by assessing both
mycoparasitic activity (in planta and in vitro) and ability to locally modulate different gene-related defenses of
the plant. Ths97 was found to inhibit Fso14 growth in vitro. Optical microscopic analysis at the confrontation
zone between hyphae showed that Ths97 grew alongside Fso14 with numerous contact points suggesting
parasitic activity. On olive trees, Ths97 developed a strong protective role against root infestation by Fso14,
whether inoculated before or after the pathogenic agent. When inoculated alone, Fso14 and Ths97 did not
modulate (or only slightly with inhibitions or inductions, respectively) the expression of genes involved in plant
immunity (oxidative stress, phenylpropanoid pathway, PR-proteins and JA/Et-SA hormonal status). However,
when Ths97 was inoculated in combination with Fso14, several defense-related genes were highly up-regulated,
indicating probable primed-plant events. These promising results provided valuable information on using Ths97
as a beneficial agent to control fusarium root rot disease caused by F. solani in olive trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Pei Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junjian Xiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecule Immunology and Antibody Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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167
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Primon M, Huszthy PC, Motaln H, Talasila KM, Miletic H, Atai NA, Bjerkvig R, Lah Turnšek T. Cathepsin L silencing increases As 2O 3 toxicity in malignantly transformed pilocytic astrocytoma MPA58 cells by activating caspases 3/7. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:64-73. [PMID: 28412241 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade, pilocytic astrocytomas are treated by resection, but additional therapy is necessary for those tumors with anaplastic features. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is emerging as an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of malignant glioblastoma multiforme, where Cathepsin L silencing enables lower, less harmful As2O3 concentrations to achieve the desired cytotoxic effect. Here, we evaluated the effects of As2O3 combined with stable Cathepsin L shRNA silencing on cell viability/metabolic activity, and apoptosis in primary cultures of recurrent malignantly transformed pilocytic astrocytoma (MPA). These cells expressed high Cathepsin L levels, and when grown as monolayers and spheroids, they were more resistant to As2O3 than the U87MG glioblastoma cell line. Caspases 3/7 activity in MPA58 spheroids was not significantly affected by As2O3, possibly due to higher chemoresistance of primary biopsy tissue of less malignant astrocytoma versus the malignant U87MG cell line. However, As2O3 treatment was cytotoxic to MPA spheroids after silencing of Cathepsin L expression. While Cathepsin L silencing only slightly decreased the live/dead cell ratio in As2O3-treated MPA-si spheroids under our experimental conditions, there was an increase in As2O3-mediated apoptosis in MPA-si spheroids, as indicated by elevated caspases 3/7 activity. Therefore, Cathepsin L silencing by gene manipulation can be applied when a more aggressive approach is needed in treatment of pilocytic astrocytomas with anaplastic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Primon
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Bia d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Peter C Huszthy
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Helena Motaln
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Nadia A Atai
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Tamara Lah Turnšek
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
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168
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Klutzny S, Lesche R, Keck M, Kaulfuss S, Schlicker A, Christian S, Sperl C, Neuhaus R, Mowat J, Steckel M, Riefke B, Prechtl S, Parczyk K, Steigemann P. Functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by Fluphenazine triggers hypoxia-specific tumor cell death. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2709. [PMID: 28358364 PMCID: PMC5386533 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Owing to lagging or insufficient neo-angiogenesis, hypoxia is a feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxic tumor regions contribute to resistance against antiproliferative chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Targeting cells in hypoxic tumor areas is therefore an important strategy for cancer treatment. Most approaches for targeting hypoxic cells focus on the inhibition of hypoxia adaption pathways but only a limited number of compounds with the potential to specifically target hypoxic tumor regions have been identified. By using tumor spheroids in hypoxic conditions as screening system, we identified a set of compounds, including the phenothiazine antipsychotic Fluphenazine, as hits with novel mode of action. Fluphenazine functionally inhibits acid sphingomyelinase and causes cellular sphingomyelin accumulation, which induces cancer cell death specifically in hypoxic tumor spheroids. Moreover, we found that functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase leads to overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and that hypoxia-specific cell death is mediated by the stress-responsive transcription factor ATF4. Taken together, the here presented data suggest a novel, yet unexplored mechanism in which induction of sphingolipid stress leads to the overactivation of hypoxia stress-response pathways and thereby promotes their pro-apoptotic tumor-suppressor functions to specifically kill cells in hypoxic tumor areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Klutzny
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Berlin 13353, Germany.,Department of Bioanalytics, Institute for Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Lesche
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Berlin 13353, Germany
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169
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Xu W, Pan Y, Wang H, Li H, Peng Q, Wei D, Chen C, Zheng J. Synthesis and Evaluation of New Pyrazoline Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents in HepG-2 Cell Line. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030467. [PMID: 28300751 PMCID: PMC6155299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide. Adverse effects of cancer treatments still compromise patients' quality of life. To identify new potential anticancer agents, a series of novel pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic effects on HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) and primary hepatocytes. Compound structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, mass spectrometry, and infrared imaging. An in vitro assay demonstrated that several compounds exerted cytotoxicity in the micromolar range. Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl-[5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydo-pyrazol-1-yl]-methanone (b17) was the most effective anticancer agent against HepG-2 cells owing to its notable inhibitory effect on HepG-2 with an IC50 value of 3.57 µM when compared with cisplatin (IC50 = 8.45 µM) and low cytotoxicity against primary hepatocytes. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis/necrosis evaluation using this compound revealed that b17 notably arrested HepG-2 cells in the G₂/M phase and induced HepG-2 cells apoptosis. Our findings indicate that compound b17 may be a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qing Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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170
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Shiiba M, Yamagami H, Yamamoto A, Minakawa Y, Okamoto A, Kasamatsu A, Sakamoto Y, Uzawa K, Takiguchi Y, Tanzawa H. Mefenamic acid enhances anticancer drug sensitivity via inhibition of aldo-keto reductase 1C enzyme activity. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2025-2032. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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171
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Ooi TC, Chan KM, Sharif R. Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Genomic Stability Enhancement Effects of Zinc l-carnosine: A Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Agent? Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:201-210. [PMID: 28094570 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1265132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and the incidence and mortality rates of cancer are expected to rise tremendously in the near future. Despite a better understanding of cancer biology and advancement in cancer management, current strategies in cancer treatment remain costly and ineffective. Hence, instead of putting more efforts to search for new cancer cures, attention has now been shifted to the development of cancer chemopreventive agents as a preventive measure for cancer formation. It is well known that neoplastic transformation of cells is multifactorial, and the occurrence of oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and genomic instability events has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of cells. Zinc l-carnosine (ZnC), which is clinically used as gastric ulcer treatment in Japan, has been suggested to have the potential in preventing cancer development. Multiple studies have revealed that ZnC possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects. Thus, this review provides some mechanistic insight into the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and genomic stability enhancement effects of ZnC in relevance to its chemopreventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theng Choon Ooi
- a Biomedical Science Programme , School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- b Environmental Health and Industrial Safety Programme , School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- c Programme of Nutritional Sciences , School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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172
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El-Araby ME, Omar AM, Khayat MT, Assiri HA, Al-Abd AM. Molecular Mimics of Classic P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors as Multidrug Resistance Suppressors and Their Synergistic Effect on Paclitaxel. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168938. [PMID: 28068430 PMCID: PMC5222621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a membrane bound efflux pump spread in a variety of tumor cells and considered as a main component of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapies. In this work, three groups of compounds (imidazolone, oxazolone and vinyl dipeptide derivatives) were synthesized aiming to develop a molecular framework that effectively suppresses MDR. When tested for their influence on Pgp activity, four compounds coded Cur1-01, Cur1-12V, Curox-1 and Curox-3 significantly decreased remaining ATP concentration indicating Pgp substrate site blocking. On the other hand, Cur-3 and Cur-10 significantly increased remaining ATP concentration, which is indicative of Pgp ATPase inhibition. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds was examined against Pgp expressing/highly resistant colorectal cancer cell lines (LS-174T). Compounds Cur-1 and Cur-3 showed considerable cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 7.6 and 8.9 μM, respectively. Equitoxic combination (at IC50 concentrations) of PTX and Cur-3 greatly diminished resistant cell clone from 45.7% to 2.5%, albeit with some drop in potency from IC50 of 7.9 nM to IC50 of 23.8 nM. On the other hand, combination of PTX and the non-cytotoxic Cur1-12V (10 μM) significantly decreased the IC50 of PTX to 3.8 nM as well as the resistant fraction to 16.2%. The combination test was confirmed using the same protocol but on another resistant CRC cell line (HCT-116) as we obtained similar results. Both Cur-3 and Cur1-12V (10 μM) significantly increased the cellular entrapment of Pgp probe (doxorubicin) elevating its intracellular concentration from 1.9 pmole/cell to 3.0 and 2.9 pmole/cell, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa E. El-Araby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maan T. Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Assiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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173
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Jiménez-Valerio G, Casanovas O. Angiogenesis and Metabolism: Entwined for Therapy Resistance. Trends Cancer 2016; 3:10-18. [PMID: 28718423 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis and metabolism are entwined processes that permit tumor growth and progression. Blood vessel supply is necessary for tumor survival not only by providing oxygen and nutrients for anabolism but also by removing waste products from cellular metabolism. On the other hand, blocking angiogenesis with antiangiogenic therapies shows clinical benefits in treating several tumor types. Nevertheless, resistance to therapy emerges over time. In this review we discuss a novel mechanism of adaptive resistance involving metabolic adaptation of tumor cells, and we also provide examples of tumor adaptation to therapy, which may represent a new mechanism of resistance in several types of cancer. Thus, targeting this metabolic tumor adaptation could be a way to avoid resistance in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Jiménez-Valerio
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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174
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He M, Zhou W, Li C, Guo M. MicroRNAs, DNA Damage Response, and Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122087. [PMID: 27973455 PMCID: PMC5187887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of various stresses, lesions caused by DNA-damaging agents occur constantly in each cell of the human body. Generally, DNA damage is recognized and repaired by the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery, and the cells survive. When repair fails, the genomic integrity of the cell is disrupted—a hallmark of cancer. In addition, the DDR plays a dual role in cancer development and therapy. Cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy are designed to eliminate cancer cells by inducing DNA damage, which in turn can promote tumorigenesis. Over the past two decades, an increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, have been identified as participating in the processes regulating tumorigenesis and responses to cancer treatment with radiation therapy or genotoxic chemotherapies, by modulating the DDR. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent findings on how miRNAs regulate the DDR and discuss the therapeutic functions of miRNAs in cancer in the context of DDR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Chuang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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175
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Su W, Mo Y, Wu F, Guo K, Li J, Luo Y, Ye H, Guo H, Li D, Yang Z. miR-135b reverses chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells by downregulation of FZD1. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:123-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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176
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Pan T, Xu J, Zhu Y. Self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 39:9-20. [PMID: 27909729 PMCID: PMC5179189 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) represent a small fraction of the colorectal cancer cell population that possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential and drive tumorigenicity. Self-renewal is essential for the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer stem cells. While the self-renewal molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer stem cells are not yet fully understood, the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Hedgehog-Gli (HH-GLI), specific roles mediated by cell surface markers and micro-environmental factors are involved in the regulation of self-renewal. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind self-renewal may lead to the development of novel targeted interventions for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Pan
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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177
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Gracia-Cazaña T, Salazar N, Zamarrón A, Mascaraque M, Lucena S, Juarranz Á. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part II: Photodynamic Therapy, Vismodegib, Cetuximab, Intralesional Methotrexate, and Radiotherapy. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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178
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma-propagating Cells are Detectable by Side Population Analysis and Possess an Expression Profile Reflective of a Primitive Origin. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34856. [PMID: 27725724 PMCID: PMC5057076 DOI: 10.1038/srep34856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of “Side Population” (SP) cells in a number of unrelated human cancers has renewed interests in the hypothesis of cancer stem cells. Here we isolated SP cells from HepG2 cells and 18 of the 21 fresh hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue samples. These SP cells have higher abilities of forming spheroids, invasion and migration. Tumors could generate only from SP, not non-SP (NSP), cells in a low dose of subcutaneous injection to the NOD/SCID mice (5 × 102 cells/mouse). The mRNA microarray analysis of the SP vs. NSP cells isolated from HepG2 cells revealed that the SP cells express higher levels of pluripotency- and stem cell-associated transcription factors including Klf4, NF-Ya, SALL4 and HMGA2. Some of the known hepatobiliary progenitor/stem cell markers, such as Sox9 was also up-regulated. RT-qPCR analysis of the gene expression between SP cells and NSP cells isolated from both HepG2 cells and HCC tissue samples showed that most of the tested mRNAs’ changes were in consistent with the microarray data, including the general progenitor/stem cells markers such as Klf4, NF-Ya, SALL4 and HMGA2, which were up-regulated in SP cells. Our data indicates that HCC cancer stem cells exist in HepG2 and HCC fresh tissue samples and can be isolated by SP assay.
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179
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Enhanced nucleotide excision repair capacity in lung cancer cells by preconditioning with DNA-damaging agents. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22575-86. [PMID: 26317794 PMCID: PMC4673183 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of tumor cells for nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major determinant of the efficacy of and resistance to DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin. Here, we demonstrate that using lesion-specific monoclonal antibodies, NER capacity is enhanced in human lung cancer cells after preconditioning with DNA-damaging agents. Preconditioning of cells with a nonlethal dose of UV radiation facilitated the kinetics of subsequent cisplatin repair and vice versa. Dual-incision assay confirmed that the enhanced NER capacity was sustained for 2 days. Checkpoint activation by ATR kinase and expression of NER factors were not altered significantly by the preconditioning, whereas association of XPA, the rate-limiting factor in NER, with chromatin was accelerated. In preconditioned cells, SIRT1 expression was increased, and this resulted in a decrease in acetylated XPA. Inhibition of SIRT1 abrogated the preconditioning-induced predominant XPA binding to DNA lesions. Taking these data together, we conclude that upregulated NER capacity in preconditioned lung cancer cells is caused partly by an increased level of SIRT1, which modulates XPA sensitivity to DNA damage. This study provides some insights into the molecular mechanism of chemoresistance through acquisition of enhanced DNA repair capacity in cancer cells.
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180
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Sun W, Han Y, Li Z, Ge K, Zhang J. Bone-Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanocarrier Anchored by Zoledronate for Cancer Bone Metastasis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9237-9244. [PMID: 27531422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Once bone metastasis occurs, the chances of survival and quality of life for cancer patients decrease significantly. With the development of nanomedicine, nanocarriers loading bisphosphonates have been built to prevent cancer metastasis based on their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects; however, as a passive mechanism, the EPR effects cannot apply to the metastatic sites because of their lack of leaky vasculature. In this study, we fabricated 40 nm-sized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) anchored by zoledronic acid (ZOL) for targeting bone sites and delivered the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. The DOX loading and release behaviors, bone-targeting ability, cellular uptake and its mechanisms, subcellular localization, cytotoxicity, and the antimigration effect of this drug delivery system (DDS) were investigated. The results indicated that MSNs-ZOL had better bone-targeting ability compared with that of the nontargeted MSNs. The maximum loading capacity of DOX into MSNs and MSNs-ZOL was about 1671 and 1547 mg/g, with a loading efficiency of 83.56 and 77.34%, respectively. DOX@MSNs-ZOL had obvious pH-sensitive DOX release behavior. DOX@MSNs-ZOL entered into cells through an ATP-dependent pathway and then localized in the lysosome to achieve effective intracellular DOX release. The antitumor results indicated that DOX@MSNs-ZOL exhibited the best cytotoxicity against A549 cells and significantly decreased cell migration in vitro. This DDS is promising for the treatment of cancer bone metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University , Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, China
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181
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182
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Diaz-Aguirre V, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Fructose sensitizes Jurkat cells oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:1162-1173. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Diaz-Aguirre
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group; Faculty of Medicine; Medical Research Institute; University of Antioquia (UdeA); Calle 70 No. 52-21 and Calle 62 # 52-59, Building 1, Room 412 SIU Medellin Colombia
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183
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Zou W, Ma X, Hua W, Chen B, Cai G. Caveolin-1 mediates chemoresistance in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells by targeting apoptosis through the Notch-1/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 34:3256-63. [PMID: 26503358 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a family of ubiquitously expressed oligomeric structural proteins in many mammalian cells, has been shown to be an effective regulator of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have indicated that Cav-1 can promote resistance to chemotherapy in a variety of tumors. However, the regulation of Cav-1 on chemoresistance in ovarian cancer is still unknown. In the present study, the mRNA and protein expression level was investigated by RT-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was measured by MTT assay. The protein expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Notch-1, p-Akt and p-NF-κB p65 were detected using western blot analysis and the apoptotic ratio was determined using the Annexin V-FITC/PI detection kit. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cav-1 were significantly higher in SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP than in SKOV3 and A2780, respectively. Knockdown of Cav-1 significantly decreased the IC50 value in cisplatin-resistant cells. The protein expression level of P-gp in SKOV3/DDP and A2780/DDP was significant higher than SKOV3 and A2780, respectively, and had no correlation with the Cav-1 siRNA transfection. The apoptotic ratio induced by cisplatin in normal ovarian cancer cells was higher than cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells, and knockdown of Cav-1 could significantly enhance cisplatin induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown of Cav-1 was also able to significantly downregulate the protein expression level of Notch-1, p-Akt and p-NF-κB p65 in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of Cav-1 upregulated the IC50 value, but under the effect of Notch-1 siRNA or LY294002 or PDTC, the IC50 value was markedly decreased. Our results suggested that Cav-1 can promote the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer by targeting apoptosis through the Notch-1/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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184
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Castillo RR, Colilla M, Vallet-Regí M. Advances in mesoporous silica-based nanocarriers for co-delivery and combination therapy against cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:229-243. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1211637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Castillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
- Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Colilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
- Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Madrid, Spain
- Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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185
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Gracia-Cazaña T, Salazar N, Zamarrón A, Mascaraque M, Lucena SR, Juarranz Á. Resistance of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer to Nonsurgical Treatments. Part II: Photodynamic Therapy, Vismodegib, Cetuximab, Intralesional Methotrexate, and Radiotherapy. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2016; 107:740-750. [PMID: 27436804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2016.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of treatments is now available for nonmelanoma skin cancer, including 5-fluorouracil, ingenol mebutate, imiquimod, diclofenac, photodynamic therapy, methotrexate, cetuximab, vismodegib, and radiotherapy. All are associated with high clinical and histologic response rates. However, some tumors do not respond due to resistance, which may be primary or acquired. Study of the resistance processes is a broad area of research that aims to increase our understanding of the nature of each tumor and the biologic features that make it resistant, as well as to facilitate the design of new therapies directed against these tumors. In this second article, having covered the topical treatments of nonmelanoma skin cancer, we review resistance to other nonsurgical treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies against basal and squamous cell carcinomas, intralesional chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gracia-Cazaña
- Unidad de Dermatología, Hospital de Barbastro, Barbastro, Huesca, España; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Zaragoza, España.
| | - N Salazar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - A Zamarrón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - M Mascaraque
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - S R Lucena
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Á Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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186
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Gao W, Liu Y, Qin R, Liu D, Feng Q. Silence of fibronectin 1 increases cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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187
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McIntyre A, Hulikova A, Ledaki I, Snell C, Singleton D, Steers G, Seden P, Jones D, Bridges E, Wigfield S, Li JL, Russell A, Swietach P, Harris AL. Disrupting Hypoxia-Induced Bicarbonate Transport Acidifies Tumor Cells and Suppresses Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3744-55. [PMID: 27197160 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated clinically with therapeutic resistance and poor patient outcomes. One feature of tumor hypoxia is activated expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), a regulator of pH and tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that impeding the reuptake of bicarbonate produced extracellularly by CA9 could exacerbate the intracellular acidity produced by hypoxic conditions, perhaps compromising cell growth and viability as a result. In 8 of 10 cancer cell lines, we found that hypoxia induced the expression of at least one bicarbonate transporter. The most robust and frequent inductions were of the sodium-driven bicarbonate transporters SLC4A4 and SLC4A9, which rely upon both HIF1α and HIF2α activity for their expression. In cancer cell spheroids, SLC4A4 or SLC4A9 disruption by either genetic or pharmaceutical approaches acidified intracellular pH and reduced cell growth. Furthermore, treatment of spheroids with S0859, a small-molecule inhibitor of sodium-driven bicarbonate transporters, increased apoptosis in the cell lines tested. Finally, RNAi-mediated attenuation of SLC4A9 increased apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer spheroids and dramatically reduced growth of MDA-MB-231 breast tumors or U87 gliomas in murine xenografts. Our findings suggest that disrupting pH homeostasis by blocking bicarbonate import might broadly relieve the common resistance of hypoxic tumors to anticancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3744-55. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan McIntyre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom. Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Ledaki
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Snell
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Singleton
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Steers
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Seden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Jones
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Bridges
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Russell
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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188
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Michiels C, Tellier C, Feron O. Cycling hypoxia: A key feature of the tumor microenvironment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:76-86. [PMID: 27343712 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence indicates that most human solid tumors contain hypoxic areas. Hypoxia is the consequence not only of the chaotic proliferation of cancer cells that places them at distance from the nearest capillary but also of the abnormal structure of the new vasculature network resulting in transient blood flow. Hence two types of hypoxia are observed in tumors: chronic and cycling (intermittent) hypoxia. Most of the current work aims at understanding the role of chronic hypoxia in tumor growth, response to treatment and metastasis. Only recently, cycling hypoxia, with spatial and temporal fluctuations in oxygen levels, has emerged as another key feature of the tumor environment that triggers different responses in comparison to chronic hypoxia. Either type of hypoxia is associated with distinct effects not only in cancer cells but also in stromal cells. In particular, cycling hypoxia has been demonstrated to favor, to a higher extent than chronic hypoxia, angiogenesis, resistance to anti-cancer treatments, intratumoral inflammation and tumor metastasis. These review details these effects as well as the signaling pathway it triggers to switch on specific transcriptomic programs. Understanding the signaling pathways through which cycling hypoxia induces these processes that support the development of an aggressive cancer could convey to the emergence of promising new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Michiels
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Céline Tellier
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, 53 Avenue Mounier, B1.53.09, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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189
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Qiao SP, Zhao YF, Li CF, Yin YB, Meng QY, Lin FH, Liu Y, Hou XL, Guo K, Chen XB, Tian WM. An alginate-based platform for cancer stem cell research. Acta Biomater 2016; 37:83-92. [PMID: 27109764 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As the primary determinants of the clinical behaviors of human cancers, the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an ideal target for novel anti-cancer therapies (Kievit et al., 2014). Notably, CSCs are difficult to propagate in vitro, which severely restricts the study of CSC biology and the development of therapeutic agents. Emerging evidence indicates that CSCs rely on a niche that controls their differentiation and proliferation, as is the case with normal stem cells (NSCs). Replicating the in vivo CSC microenvironment in vitro using three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds can provide means to effectively generate CSCs, thus enabling the discovery of CSC biology. This paper presents our study on a novel alginate-based platform for mimicking the CSC niche to promote CSC proliferation and enrichment. In this study, we used a versatile mouse 4T1 breast cancer model to independently evaluate the matrix parameters of a CSC niche - including the material's mechanical properties, cytokine immobilization, and the composition of the extracellular matrix's (ECM's) molecular impact - on CSC proliferation and enrichment. On this basis, the optimal stiffness and concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA), as well as epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor immobilization, were identified to establish the platform for mimicking the 4T1 breast CSCs (4T1 CSCs) niche. The 4T1 CSCs obtained from the platform show increased expression of the genes involved in breast CSC and NSC, as compared to general 2D or 3D culture, and 4T1 CSCs were also demonstrated to have the ability to quickly form a subcutaneous tumor in homologous Balb/c mice in vivo. In addition, the platform can be adjusted according to different parameters for CSC screening. Our results indicate that our platform offers a simple and efficient means to isolate and enrich CSCs in vitro, which can help researchers better understand CSC biology and thus develop more effective therapeutic agents to treat cancer. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE As the primary determinants of the clinical behaviors of human cancers, the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs) represents an ideal target for novel anti-cancer therapies. However, CSCs are difficult to propagate in vitro, which severely restricts the study of CSC biology and the development of therapeutic agents. Emerging evidence indicates that CSCs rely on a niche that controls their differentiation and proliferation, as is the case with normal stem cells (NSCs). Replicating the in vivo CSC microenvironment in vitro using three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds can provide means to effectively generate CSCs, thus enabling the discovery of CSC biology. In our study, a novel alginate-based platform were developed for mimicking the CSC niche to promote CSC proliferation and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Pei Qiao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yu-Fang Zhao
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Chun-Feng Li
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Yan-Bin Yin
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Liu
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xiao-Lu Hou
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xiong-Biao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Wei-Ming Tian
- Bio-X Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China.
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190
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Cedrol induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death in A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cells through the P13K/Akt signaling pathway, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and the generation of ROS. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:291-9. [PMID: 27177023 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the anticancer effects of cedrol in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells by examining the effects of cedrol on apoptosis induction, the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP). The anticancer effects of cedrol were examined using A549 human lung carcinoma cells as an in vitro model. Cell viability was determined using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, and an inverted phase contrast microscope was used to examine the morphological changes in these cells. Cedrol‑triggered autophagy was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of the cells, as well as by western blot analysis of microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 (LC3)B expression. Intracellular ROS generation was measured by flow cytometry using 5-(6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-DCFH2-DA) staining and MTP was measured using flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that cedrol reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistic evaluations indicated that cedrol induced apoptosis by reducing the MTP and by decreasing the levels of phosphorylated (p-)PI3K and p-Akt. Cedrol induced autophagy, which was confirmed by TEM analysis, by increasing intracellular ROS formation in a concentration-dependent manner, which was almost completely reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and tocopherol. Taken together, these findings reveal that cedrol inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in A549 cells through mitochondrial and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Our findings also reveal that cedrol induced pro-death autophagy by increasing intracellular ROS production.
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191
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PARP inhibitor ABT-888 affects response of MDA-MB-231 cells to doxorubicin treatment, targeting Snail expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15008-21. [PMID: 25938539 PMCID: PMC4558132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome cancer cells resistance to pharmacological therapy, the development of new therapeutic approaches becomes urgent. For this purpose, the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in combination with other cytotoxic agents could represent an efficacious strategy. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification that plays a well characterized role in the cellular decisions of life and death. Recent findings indicate that PARP-1 may control the expression of Snail, the master gene of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Snail is highly represented in different resistant tumors, functioning as a factor regulating anti-apoptotic programmes. MDA-MB-231 is a Snail-expressing metastatic breast cancer cell line, which exhibits chemoresistance properties when treated with damaging agents. In this study, we show that the PARP inhibitor ABT-888 was capable to modulate the MDA-MB-231 cell response to doxorubicin, leading to an increase in the rate of apoptosis. Our further results indicate that PARP-1 controlled Snail expression at transcriptional level in cells exposed to doxorubicin. Given the increasing interest in the employment of PARP inhibitors as chemotherapeutic adjuvants, our in vitro results suggest that one of the mechanisms through which PARP inhibition can chemosensitize cancer cells in vivo, is targeting Snail expression thus promoting apoptosis.
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192
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Cao W, Wei W, Zhan Z, Xie Y, Xiao Q. MiR-1284 modulates multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells by targeting EIF4A1. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2583-91. [PMID: 26936591 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Routine chemotherapy as an important treatment mode often can not be effective because of multidrug resistance (MDR). MicroRNA (miRNA) modulates the expression of a great number of genes, including MDR. In this study, the expression of miR-1284 was reduced in gastric cancer (GC) tissue specimens with metastasis and in vincristine-resistant (VCR) GC SGC7901 cells (SGC-7901/VCR) compared to that in the controls. Recombinant lentiviral vectors with miR-1284 led to the overexpression of miR-1284 mRNA and reversed the chemoresistance of SGC7901/VCR cells, promoted cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase, accelerated drug-induced apoptosis, and decreased migration and invasiveness of SGC-7901/VCR. In addition, the overexpression of miR-1284 sensitized tumors to chemotherapy in vivo. Our data provide combined evidence that miR-1284 can heighten the expression of MYC and reduce the expression of JUN, MMP12, and EIF4A1 that was the direct target. In conclusion, miR-1284 can function as a new regulator to reduce GC MDR cells by targeting EIF4A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Cao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zexu Zhan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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193
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Jiang L, He M, Bai X, Yu L, Wei M. MiR-302a/b/c/d cooperatively sensitizes breast cancer cells to adriamycin via suppressing P-glycoprotein(P-gp) by targeting MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1). J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:25. [PMID: 26842910 PMCID: PMC4738800 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor has been established in different cancers. However, their association with tumor chemoresistance has not been fully understood. Previously, we found two novel MDR-associated microRNAs (miRNAs). In this report, we investigated the combined effects of miRNA gene cluster in chemoresistance of breast cancer. METHODS This study was performed in two different breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR). The levels of miRNAs and mRNA expression were determined by using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of protein molecules. Cell viability was assessed by MTS assay. Bioinformatics and Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine miRNA binding to the 3'-UTR of target genes. RESULTS The miR-302S family including miR-302a, miR-302b, miR-302c, and miR-302d was significantly down-regulated in P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-overexpressing MCF-7/ADR cells. Overexpression of miR-302 increased intracellular accumulation of ADR and sensitized breast cancer cells to ADR. Most importantly, miR-302S produced stronger effects than each individual member alone. The four miRNAs cooperatively downregulate P-gp expression in regulating drug sensitivity. However, our results showed that the suppression of P-gp expression by miR-302 is not through typical miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation but at the level of protein and transcription. Further studies identified MAP/ERK kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) as a direct and functional target of miR-302. miR-302 showed combinatorial effects on MKEE1 repression and MEKK1-mediated ERK pathway. The suppression of P-gp by miR-302 was reversed by MEKK1 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that miR-302 cooperatively sensitizes breast cancer cells to adriamycin via suppressing P-glycoprotein by targeting MEKK1 of ERK pathway. miR-302 gene cluster may be a potential target for reversing P-gp-mediated chemoresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Longyang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang City, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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194
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Abstract
Recent investigations have highlighted the importance of the non-coding genome in regions of hypoxia in tumours. Such regions are frequently found in solid tumours, and are associated with worse patient survival and therapy resistance. Hypoxia stabilises the transcription factors, hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) which coordinate transcriptomic changes that occur in hypoxia. The changes in gene expression induced by HIF1α and HIF2α contribute to many of the hallmarks of cancer phenotypes and enable tumour growth, survival and invasion in the hypoxic tumour microenvironment. Non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate mRNA stability and translation, and long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have diverse functions including chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation, are also important in enabling the key hypoxia regulated processes. They have roles in the regulation of metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion and metastasis in the hypoxic microenvironment. Furthermore, HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilisation are also regulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs. Here we review the recent developments in the expression, regulation and functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA classes in tumour hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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195
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Stathem M, Marimuthu S, O'Neal J, Rathmell JC, Chesney JA, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Glucose availability and glycolytic metabolism dictate glycosphingolipid levels. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:67-80. [PMID: 25145677 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics has seen an emergence and re-emergence of two metabolic fields in recent years, those of bioactive sphingolipids and glycolytic metabolism. Anaerobic glycolysis and its implications in cancer have been at the forefront of cancer research for over 90 years. More recently, the role of sphingolipids in cancer cell metabolism has gained recognition, notably ceramide's essential role in programmed cell death and the role of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in chemotherapeutic resistance. Despite this knowledge, a direct link between these two fields has yet to be definitively drawn. Herein, we show that in a model of highly glycolytic cells, generation of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by GCS was elevated in response to increased glucose availability, while glucose deprivation diminished GSL levels. This effect was likely substrate dependent, independent of both GCS levels and activity. Conversely, leukemia cells with elevated GSLs showed a significant change in GCS activity, but no change in glucose uptake or GCS expression. In a leukemia cell line with elevated GlcCer, treatment with inhibitors of glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) significantly decreased GlcCer levels. When combined with pre-clinical inhibitor ABT-263, this effect was augmented and production of pro-apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide increased. Taken together, we have shown that there exists a definitive link between glucose metabolism and GSL production, laying the groundwork for connecting two distinct yet essential metabolic fields in cancer research. Furthermore, we have proposed a novel combination therapeutic option targeting two metabolic vulnerabilities for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Stathem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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196
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Abstract
Loss of antitumor response to repeated chemotherapy is a major cause of treatment failure in cancer patients. The development of acquired drug resistance is thought to come primarily from changes in tumor cells, and not host response to the tumor. Our recent study shows that antitumor immunity is activated and contributes significantly to the efficacy of chemotherapy. In this study of mouse tumor models, we demonstrate that loss of antitumor response during multiple cycles of chemotherapy is associated with a lack of immune activation, and not intrinsic tumor cell drug resistance. More importantly, we show that adding interleukin-12 (IL-12) to cycled chemotherapy maintains and even increases antitumor immune response in both immunogenic and nonimmunogenic murine tumors and significantly prolongs survival. In some instances, larger tumor burdens that relapse following an initial cycle of cyclophosphamide and IL-12 are eradicated by subsequent cycles of the same treatment at the same doses. Further analysis demonstrates that the initial cycle of the combined therapy increases antitumor immunity of the host. In other mice when tumors are not eradicated by the current cycle of therapy, it serves as a starting point for the subsequent cycles of treatment to generate higher levels of antitumor immunity and greater antitumor response. These results show that the status of host antitumor immunity is a critical factor affecting antitumor efficacy during repeated administration of chemotherapy. Further, IL-12 augments the antitumor immune response under such conditions.
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197
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Park JY, Shin MS, Kim SN, Kim HY, Kim KH, Shin KS, Kang KS. Polysaccharides from Korean Citrus hallabong peels inhibit angiogenesis and breast cancer cell migration. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:522-9. [PMID: 26778161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the peel of the hallabong (Citrus sphaerocarpa) fruit is rich in polysaccharides, which are valuable dietary ingredients for human health, it is normally wasted. The present study aimed to utilize the peel waste and identify properties it may have against breast cancer metastasis. Hallabong peel extract containing crude polysaccharides was fractionated by gel permeation chromatography to produce four different polysaccharide fractions (HBE-I, -II, -III, and -IV). The HBE polysaccharides significantly blocked tube formation of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), at a concentration of 12.5 or 25 μg/mL. Tube formation appeared to be more sensitive to HBE-II than to other HBE polysaccharides. HBE-II also inhibited breast cancer cell migration, through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of tube formation and MMP-9-mediated migration observed in HUVEC and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively, are likely to be important therapeutic targets in triple-negative breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea
| | - S N Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - K S Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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198
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Kouznetsov VV, Merchan-Arenas DR, Tangarife-Castaño V, Correa-Royero J, Betancur-Galvis L. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel 2-aryl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-6,7-methylendioxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, podophyllotoxin-like molecules. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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199
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Ku M, Kang M, Suh JS, Yang J. Effects for Sequential Treatment of siAkt and Paclitaxel on Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:708-16. [PMID: 27648001 PMCID: PMC5027190 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time screening of cellular response on the drugs could provide valuable insights for the early detection of therapeutic efficiency and the evaluation of disease progression. Cancer cells have the ability to vary widely in response to stress in a manner to adjust the signaling pathway to promote the survival or having a resistance to stimulation. Cell-based label-free technologies using electronic impedance sensor have strategies for constructing the signature profiles of each cells. To achieve exquisite sensitivity to substantially change of live-cell response have an important role that predict the potential of therapeutic effects. In this study, we use an impedance-based real-time cell analysis system to investigate dynamic phenotypes of cells described as a cellular index value. We show that gastric cancer cells generated characteristic kinetic patterns that corresponded to the treatment order of therapeutics. The kinetic feature of the cells offers insightful information that cannot be acquired from a conventional single end-point assay. Furthermore, we employ a 'sequential treatment strategy' to increase cytotoxic effects with minimizing the use of chemotherapeutics. Specifically, treatment of paclitaxel (PTX) after down-regulating Akt gene expression using RNAi reduces the cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. We propose that the sequential treatment may exhibit more effective approach rather than traditional combination therapy. Moreover, the dynamic monitoring of cell-drug interaction enables us to obtain a better understanding of the temporal effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghwa Kang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;; YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;; Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;; YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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200
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are critical modulators of chemotherapeutic resistance in various cancers. To address the alarming emergence of chemotherapeutic resistance in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the efficacy of the turmeric derivative curcumin in reducing IAP protein and mRNA expression resulting in pancreatic cancer cell death. METHODS The pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line PANC-1 was used to assess curcumin's effects in pancreatic cancer. Curcumin uptake was measured by spectral analysis and fluorescence microscopy. AlamarBlue and Trypan blue exclusion assays were used to determine PANC-1 cell viability after curcumin treatment. Visualization of PANC-1 cell death was performed using Hoffman Modulation Contrast microscopy. Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction analyses were used to evaluate curcumin's effects on IAP protein and mRNA expression. RESULTS Curcumin enters PANC-1 cells and is ubiquitously present within the cell after treatment. Furthermore, curcumin reduces cell viability and induces morphological changes characteristic of cell death. Additionally, curcumin decreases IAP protein and mRNA expression in PANC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that PANC-1 cells are sensitive to curcumin treatment. Futthermore, curcumin is a potential therapeutic tool for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance mediated by IAPs. Together, this data supports a role for curcumin as part of the therapeutic approach for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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