151
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Białk-Bielińska A, Kumirska J, Borecka M, Caban M, Paszkiewicz M, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P. Selected analytical challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking/marine waters and soil/sediment samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:271-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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152
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Nanita SC, Kaldon LG. Emerging flow injection mass spectrometry methods for high-throughput quantitative analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:23-33. [PMID: 26670771 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Where does flow injection analysis mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) stand relative to ambient mass spectrometry (MS) and chromatography-MS? Improvements in FIA-MS methods have resulted in fast-expanding uses of this technique. Key advantages of FIA-MS over chromatography-MS are fast analysis (typical run time <60 s) and method simplicity, and FIA-MS offers high-throughput without compromising sensitivity, precision and accuracy as much as ambient MS techniques. Consequently, FIA-MS is increasingly becoming recognized as a suitable technique for applications where quantitative screening of chemicals needs to be performed rapidly and reliably. The FIA-MS methods discussed herein have demonstrated quantitation of diverse analytes, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds, at levels ranging from parts-per-billion (ppb) to parts-per-million (ppm) in very complex matrices (such as blood, urine, and a variety of foods of plant and animal origin), allowing successful applications of the technique in clinical diagnostics, metabolomics, environmental sciences, toxicology, and detection of adulterated/counterfeited goods. The recent boom in applications of FIA-MS for high-throughput quantitative analysis has been driven in part by (1) the continuous improvements in sensitivity and selectivity of MS instrumentation, (2) the introduction of novel sample preparation procedures compatible with standalone mass spectrometric analysis such as salting out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with volatile solutes and NH4(+) QuEChERS, and (3) the need to improve efficiency of laboratories to satisfy increasing analytical demand while lowering operational cost. The advantages and drawbacks of quantitative analysis by FIA-MS are discussed in comparison to chromatography-MS and ambient MS (e.g., DESI, LAESI, DART). Generally, FIA-MS sits 'in the middle' between ambient MS and chromatography-MS, offering a balance between analytical capability and sample analysis throughput suitable for broad applications in life sciences, agricultural chemistry, consumer safety, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Nanita
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE, 19714, USA.
| | - Laura G Kaldon
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE, 19714, USA
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153
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Harris BD, Brown TA, McGehee JL, Houserova D, Jackson BA, Buchel BC, Krajewski LC, Whelton AJ, Stenson AC. Characterization of Disinfection By-Products from Chromatographically Isolated NOM through High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14239-14248. [PMID: 26554276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As levels of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water rise, the minimization of potentially harmful disinfection by-products (DBPs) becomes increasingly critical. Here, we introduce the advantage that chromatographic prefractionation brings to investigating compositional changes to NOM caused by chlorination. Fractionation reduces complexity, making it easier to observe changes and attribute them to specific components. Under the conditions tested (0.1-0.4 g of Cl to g of C without further additives), the differences between highly and less oxidized NOM were striking. Highly oxidized NOM formed more diverse Cl-containing DPB, had a higher propensity to react with multiple Cl, and tended to transform so drastically as to no longer be amenable to electrospray-ionization mass spectral detection. Less-oxidized material tended to incorporate one Cl and retain its humiclike composition. N-containing, lipidlike, and condensed aromatic structure (CAS)-like NOM were selectively enriched in mass spectra, suggesting that such components do not react as extensively with NaOCl as their counterparts. Carbohydrate-like NOM, conversely, was selectively removed from spectra by chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Logan C Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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154
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Simultaneous determination of thirteen flavonoids from Xiaobuxin-Tang extract using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:214-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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155
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Batista D, Falé PL, Serralheiro ML, Araújo ME, Madeira PJA, Borges C, Torgal I, Goulart M, Justino J, Martins A, Rauter AP. New In Vitro Studies on the Bioprofile of Genista tenera Antihyperglycemic Extract. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:10.1007/s13659-015-0077-z. [PMID: 26493049 PMCID: PMC4681709 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera (Fabaceae). This extract decreased α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25 %, respectively, being more effective than acarbose, and phlorizin, the positive controls, which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06 %. Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated, through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme (47.5 % inhibition). Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation, the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher (67.82 %) than that promoted by ascorbic acid, the positive control (45.05 %). In addition, the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Flavonoid diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract, and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro L Falé
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria L Serralheiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria E Araújo
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo J A Madeira
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Borges
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Torgal
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Margarida Goulart
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Jorge Justino
- Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904, Santarém, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Amélia P Rauter
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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156
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Virus ED, Luzyanin BP, Ivanov AV, Kubatiev AA. High-temperature high-performance liquid chromatography on a porous graphitized carbon column coupled to an Orbitrap mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure photoionization for screening exogenous anabolic steroids in human urine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1779-1788. [PMID: 26331928 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The presence in a urinary matrix of a large number of endogenous steroids and corticosteroids with similar structures can hamper the detection of specific exogenous steroids using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) with reversed-phase columns. Therefore, the development of LC/MS methods using alternative columns is of great interest. Porous graphitized carbon is a unique stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with properties differing from traditional silica-based and polymeric stationary phases. METHODS The new method involves enzymatic hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and determination by high-temperature HPLC/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HTLC/Orbitrap MS) with atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). To achieve APPI of doping substances, the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% CF3COOH (A) and a mixture of acetonitrile/2-propanol (25:75 v/v), containing 0.1% CF3COOH (B), which was used as an effective proton source. RESULTS A screening method for the detection of 57 exogenous steroids has been developed. The method was validated by spiking 10 different blank urine samples at different concentration levels. Validation parameters included limit of detection (LOD), selectivity, ion suppression, extraction recovery, and repeatability. All studied compounds had an LOD lower than the minimum required performance level. Of the 57 steroids studied, 55 showed recovery better than 70%. For all of the analytes, the relative retention times proved to be stable between days, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) smaller than 0.3%. In addition, the interday RSDs of the peak area ratios ranged between 0.7% and 14.5%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method matches the basic requirements of all methods used to analyze drugs or metabolites in an antidoping laboratory, i.e., sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. The acquisition of full-scan mass spectra with accurate masses can be a valuable tool in the retrospective evaluation of analyzed samples for anabolic steroids recently added to the prohibited list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Virus
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiskaya 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris P Luzyanin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiskaya 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Ivanov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiskaya 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan A Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiskaya 8, 125315, Moscow, Russia
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157
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Structure characterization of unexpected covalent O-sulfonation and ion-pairing on an extremely hydrophilic peptide with CE-MS and FT-ICR-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6637-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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158
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Analytical challenges for conducting rapid metabolism characterization for QIVIVE. Toxicology 2015; 332:20-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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159
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Highly sensitive determination of dialkyl phosphinate acids in environmental samples by ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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160
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Quantitative liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis of amine-containing metabolites derivatized with cyanuric chloride and methylamine isotopologues. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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161
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Qi W, Guan Q, Sun T, Cao Y, Zhang L, Guo Y. Improving detection sensitivity of amino acids in thyroid tissues by using phthalic acid as a mobile phase additive in hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 870:75-82. [PMID: 25819789 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 0.08 mmol L(-1) of phthalic acid was introduced as a mobile phase additive to quantify free amino acids (AAs) by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The addition of phthalic acid significantly increased the signal intensity of protonated AA ions, resulting from the decrease of the relative abundance of AA sodium adducts. Meanwhile, the chromatographic peak shapes of AAs were optimized. As a consequence, there was a noticeable increase in the sensitivity of detection for AAs. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the AAs ranged from 0.0500 to 20.0 ng mL(-1) and from 0.100 to 50.0 ng mL(-1), respectively, which were 4-50 times lower compared to the values measured without the addition of phthalic acid. The enhanced detection and separation of AAs were obtained by merely adding phthalic acid to the mobile phase without changing other conditions. Eventually, this simple method was validated and successfully applied to the analysis of twenty-four kinds of free AAs in human thyroid carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues, demonstrating a significant increase of most AAs in thyroid carcinoma tissues (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanshu Qi
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tuanqi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC), Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yanjing Cao
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yinlong Guo
- National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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162
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Sakaguchi Y, Kinumi T, Yamazaki T, Takatsu A. A novel amino acid analysis method using derivatization of multiple functional groups followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2015; 140:1965-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel amino acid analysis method using derivatization of multiple functional groups (amino, carboxyl, and phenolic hydroxyl groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sakaguchi
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Kinumi
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Taichi Yamazaki
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Akiko Takatsu
- Bio-Medical Standard Section
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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163
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Sugimura N, Furuya A, Yatsu T, Shibue T. Prediction of adducts on positive mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: proton/sodium selectivity in methanol solutions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:725-731. [PMID: 26579928 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We used positive mode electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to examine 540 in-house high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) samples that formed an adducted positive ion. Of the 540 samples, the sodium adduct ([M+Na]⁺) was detected in 480 samples, and the protonated molecule ([M+H]⁺) was detected in 92 samples; both [M+Na]⁺ and [M+H]⁺ were detected in 32 samples. No other adduct ions were predominant. The selectivities of these adducts were evaluated by a two-dimensional plot using topological polar surface area (tPSA) and molecular weight. Two predominant trends were observed: [M+H]⁺ converged around tPSA (Ų) = 20 and molecular weight = 250, and the selectivity for [M+Na]⁺ correlated with the tPSA value. These observations were found to be related to the elemental composition of the sample compounds. From the results obtained by positive mode ESI mass spectroscopy under our experimental conditions, predominant trends were observed with respect to adduct selectivity: compounds containing oxygen atom(s) form [M+Na]⁺, and compounds containing nitrogen but not oxygen atom(s) form [M+H]². Based on these trends, we developed the "Nitrogen-Oxygen rule" (NO rule) to predict the adduct formed by a given compound on positive mode ESI. This NO rule provides a guideline to estimate elemental composition using ESI-HRMS with methanol as mobile phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuhiko Sugimura
- Materials Characterization Central Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Asami Furuya
- Materials Characterization Central Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yatsu
- Materials Characterization Central Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshimichi Shibue
- Materials Characterization Central Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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164
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Kokkotou K, Ioannou E, Nomikou M, Pitterl F, Vonaparti A, Siapi E, Zervou M, Roussis V. An integrated approach using UHPLC-PDA-HRMS and 2D HSQC NMR for the metabolic profiling of the red alga Laurencia: dereplication and tracing of natural products. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 108:208-219. [PMID: 25457502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The global metabolic profile of Laurencia crude red algal extracts was addressed by applying high-throughput analytical techniques, namely UHPLC–PDA–HRMS and 2D HSQC NMR. An integrated platform including software tools and databases, such as Xcalibur, ToxID, ACD/Labs and MarinLit, has been developed to mine the complex analytical data towards the accelerated identification of known metabolites and the detection of new natural products at the early stages of phytochemical analysis. In parallel, a searchable ‘in-house’ Laurencia-focused NMR database incorporating chemical structures, NMR spectroscopic data and reported biological activities has been generated. The screening strategy has been developed as a tool to prioritize the crude extracts to be further subjected to phytochemical analysis by tracing the presence of new natural products among the pool of known compounds. The successful application of this integrated methodology in the crude extract of Laurencia chondrioides led to the rapid detection of two new C15 bromoallene acetogenins (1 and 2), which were subsequently isolated and characterized.
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165
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Chemometric approach to optimize the operational parameters of ESI for the determination of contaminants of emerging concern in aqueous matrices by LC-IT-TOF-HRMS. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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166
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Florholmen-Kjær Å, Lyså RA, Fuskevåg OM, Goll R, Revhaug A, Mortensen KE. A sensitive method for the analysis of glutathione in porcine hepatocytes. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:1359-66. [PMID: 25279941 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.964757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine), GSH, is essential when protecting cells from oxidative stress and also an indicator of disease risk. Reported concentrations of GSH and its oxidized form, glutathione disulfide (GSSG), varies considerably, primarily due to the instability of GSH and various analytical methods. METHODS We designed a sensitive method to analyze GSH and GSSG in porcine hepatocytes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) after stabilization with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). This method includes stable isotope labeled internal standards and simple synthesis of labeled GSSG which commercial sources rarely offer. GSH and GSSG were analyzed in porcine liver biopsies giving a reference interval based on a large number of samples (26 pigs; 3 parallels). RESULTS The LC-MS/MS results revealed excellent linearity for both GSH and GSSG, with interday coefficient of variation (%CV) for GSH-NEM and GSSG <10 %. Accuracy for recovery tests was between 95.6% and 106.7% (n = 3) for GSH and between 92.3% and 107.7% (n = 3) for GSSG. The limits of quantification were 0.1 μM for GSH-NEM and 0.08 μM for GSSG. The mean concentration of GSH was 3.5 (95% CI = 1.5-8.1) mmol/liter and of GSSG 0.0023 (95% CI = 0.0003-0.019) mmol/liter. CONCLUSION For the first time GSH and GSSG are analyzed in porcine hepatocytes by LC-MS/MS yielding a reference level of GSH and GSSG. The method is reproducible in any laboratory with LC-MS/MS service and will probably be applicable in all soft tissues and cell suspensions, essentially with no modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åse Florholmen-Kjær
- Laboratory of Surgical Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø , Tromsø , Norway
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167
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Mulat DG, Latva-Mäenpää H, Koskela H, Saranpää P, Wähälä K. Rapid chemical characterisation of stilbenes in the root bark of Norway spruce by off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:529-536. [PMID: 24777944 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stilbenes are plant secondary metabolites that have shown promising and varied biological activities. Stilbenes are presently actively studied for the exploitation of this primary raw material resource, involving the concept of biorefining. Methods for the rapid discovery of new and known stilbene structures from various plant sources are thus keenly sought. OBJECTIVE To establish a simple and rapid technique of off-line HPLC with a diode-array detector (DAD) and NMR for the unambiguous structural elucidation of stilbene structures in the root bark of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. MATERIAL AND METHODS The stilbene containing fraction was extracted from the plant bark with an ethanol:water mixture (95:5, v/v) preceded by defatting of hydrophobic compounds with n-hexane using the accelerated solvent extraction technique. A portion of the ethanol-water soluble extract was hydrolysed with β-glucosidase to prepare stilbene aglycones. The extracts were further purified and enriched using a polymeric adsorbent. Stilbene-enriched extracts were directly characterised by off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR in conjunction with HPLC/DAD and HPLC/DAD with electrospray ionisation MS(n). RESULTS Trans-isorhapontin and trans-astringin were identified as the major, and trans-piceid as a minor, stilbene glucosides of the bark of roots of Picea abies. Not only stilbene glucosides but also the corresponding stilbene aglycones, such as trans-resveratrol, trans-piceatannol and trans-isorhapontigenin, were rapidly identified from the hydrolysed extract. The acquired heteronuclear single-quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra were used to assign the complete carbon NMR chemical shifts of trans-isorhapontin and trans-astringin without the need of acquiring a (13)C-NMR spectrum. CONCLUSION The off-line HPLC/DAD-NMR method is expedient for the unambiguous identication of structurally similar stilbenes in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Girma Mulat
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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168
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Improvement of sugar analysis sensitivity using anion-exchange chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with sheath liquid interface. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1366:65-72. [PMID: 25246101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel interface that enables high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) to be coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is reported. A sheath liquid consisting of 50mM NH4Ac in isopropanol with 0.05% acetic acid, infused at a flow rate of 3μL/min at the tip of the electrospray probe, requires less ESI source cleaning and promotes efficient ionization of mono- and di-carbohydrates. The results suggest that use of a sheath liquid interface rather than a T-joint allows volatile ammonium salts to replace non-volatile metal salts as modifiers for improving sugar ESI signals. The efficient ionization of mono- and di-carbohydrates in the ESI source is affected by the sheath liquid properties such as buffer concentration and type of organic solvent. HPAEC-ESI-MS was used for the analysis of monocarbohydrates in pectins, particularly co-eluted sugars, and the performance was evaluated. Addition of a make-up solution through the sheath liquid interface proved to be an efficient tool for enhancing the intensities of sugars analyzed using HPAEC-ESI-MS.
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169
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González-Curbelo MÁ, Lehotay SJ, Hernández-Borges J, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Use of ammonium formate in QuEChERS for high-throughput analysis of pesticides in food by fast, low-pressure gas chromatography and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:75-84. [PMID: 25047819 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) approach to sample preparation is widely applied in pesticide residue analysis, but the use of magnesium sulfate and other nonvolatile compounds for salting out in the method is not ideal for mass spectrometry. In this study, we developed and evaluated three new different versions of the QuEChERS method using more volatile salts (ammonium chloride and ammonium formate and acetate buffers) to induce phase separation and extraction of 43 representative pesticide analytes of different classes. Fast low-pressure gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS were used for analysis. The QuEChERS AOAC Official Method 2007.01 was also tested for comparison purposes. Of the studied methods, formate buffering using 7.5g of ammonium formate and 15mL of 5% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile for the extraction of 15g of sample (5g for wheat grain) provided the best performance and practical considerations. Method validation was carried out with and without the use of dispersive solid-phase extraction for cleanup, and no significant differences were observed for the majority of pesticides. The method was demonstrated in quantitative analysis for GC- and LC-amenable pesticides in 4 representative food matrices (apple, lemon, lettuce, and wheat grain). With the typical exceptions of certain pH-dependent and labile pesticides, 90-110% recoveries and <10% RSD were obtained. Detection limits were mostly <5ng/g, which met the general need to determine pesticide concentrations as low as 10ng/g for monitoring purposes in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel González-Curbelo
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA; Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna (Tenerife), España
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA.
| | - Javier Hernández-Borges
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna (Tenerife), España
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Delgado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna (Tenerife), España
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170
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Fredenhagen A, Kühnöl J. Evaluation of the optimization space for atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) in comparison with APCI. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:727-736. [PMID: 25044900 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is difficult to evaluate for unknowns due to the fragmented literature. Specifically, the variation of dopants with a wide set of compounds or the use of APPI in the negative mode have rarely been explored. Thirty compounds were selected that were not suitable for ESI with a wide variety of functional groups and investigated with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and APPI in the positive and negative ion modes. The influence of the mobile phase (eluents containing acetonitrile or methanol) and--for APPI--four different dopants (acetone, chlorobenzene, toluene, and toluene/anisole) were explored. Stepwise variation of the organic mobile phase allowed to elucidate the ionization mechanism. Atmospheric pressure photoionization was especially useful for compounds, where the M(●+) and not the [M + H](+) was formed. The dopants chlorobenzene and anisole promoted the formation of molecular ions M(●+) for about half of the compounds, and its formation was also positively influenced by the use of mobile phases containing methanol. In the negative ion mode, APPI offered no advantage toward APCI. Best results were generally achieved with the dopant chlorobenzene, establishing that this dopant is suitable for a wide set of compounds. For one quarter of the compounds, significantly better results were achieved with mobile phases containing methanol for both APPI and APCI than those with acetonitrile, but only in the positive mode. With either of the methods--APPI or APCI--about 10% of the compounds were not detected. Strategies to get results quickly with difficult unknowns will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Fredenhagen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, WKL-121.P.37, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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171
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Szarka S, Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L. Application of screening experimental designs to assess chromatographic isotope effect upon isotope-coded derivatization for quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7033-40. [PMID: 24922593 PMCID: PMC4215859 DOI: 10.1021/ac501309s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isotope effect may cause partial chromatographic separation of labeled (heavy) and unlabeled (light) isotopologue pairs. Together with a simultaneous matrix effect, this could lead to unacceptable accuracy in quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays, especially when electrospray ionization is used. Four biologically relevant reactive aldehydes (acrolein, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and 4-oxo-2-nonenal) were derivatized with light or heavy (d3-, (13)C6-, (15)N2-, or (15)N4-labeled) 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and used as model compounds to evaluate chromatographic isotope effects. For comprehensive assessment of retention time differences between light/heavy pairs under various gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography conditions, major chromatographic parameters (stationary phase, mobile phase pH, temperature, organic solvent, and gradient slope) and different isotope labelings were addressed by multiple-factor screening using experimental designs that included both asymmetrical (Addelman) and Plackett-Burman schemes followed by statistical evaluations. Results confirmed that the most effective approach to avoid chromatographic isotope effect is the use of (15)N or (13)C labeling instead of deuterium labeling, while chromatographic parameters had no general influence. Comparison of the alternate isotope-coded derivatization assay (AIDA) using deuterium versus (15)N labeling gave unacceptable differences (>15%) upon quantifying some of the model aldehydes from biological matrixes. On the basis of our results, we recommend the modification of the AIDA protocol by replacing d3-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine with (15)N- or (13)C-labeled derivatizing reagent to avoid possible unfavorable consequences of chromatographic isotope effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szabolcs Szarka
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North
Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699, United States
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North
Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699, United States
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department
of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North
Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, Texas 76107-2699, United States
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172
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SidAhmed-Mezi M, Kurcewicz I, Rose C, Louvel J, Sokoloff P, Pumain R, Laschet JJ. Mass spectrometric detection and characterization of atypical membrane-bound zinc-sensitive phosphatases modulating GABAA receptors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100612. [PMID: 24967814 PMCID: PMC4072668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GABAA receptor (GABAAR) function is maintained by an endogenous phosphorylation mechanism for which the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the kinase. This phosphorylation is specific to the long intracellular loop I2 of the α1 subunit at two identified serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylation state is opposed by an unknown membrane-bound phosphatase, which inhibition favors the phosphorylated state of the receptor and contributes to the maintenance of its function. In cortical nervous tissue from epileptogenic areas in patients with drug-resistant epilepsies, both the endogenous phosphorylation and the functional state of the GABAAR are deficient. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of this study is to characterize the membrane-bound phosphatases counteracting the endogenous phosphorylation of GABAAR. We have developed a new analytical tool for in vitro detection of the phosphatase activities in cortical washed membranes by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The substrates are two synthetic phosphopeptides, each including one of the identified endogenous phosphorylation sites of the I2 loop of GABAAR α1 subunit. We have shown the presence of multiple and atypical phosphatases sensitive to zinc ions. Patch-clamp studies of the rundown of the GABAAR currents on acutely isolated rat pyramidal cells using the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid revealed a clear heterogeneity of the phosphatases counteracting the function of the GABAAR. Conclusion/Significance Our results provide new insights on the regulation of GABAAR endogenous phosphorylation and function by several and atypical membrane-bound phosphatases specific to the α1 subunit of the receptor. By identifying specific inhibitors of these enzymes, novel development of antiepileptic drugs in patients with drug-resistant epilepsies may be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia SidAhmed-Mezi
- Inserm, Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity U1129, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- * E-mail: (MS); (JJL)
| | - Irène Kurcewicz
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences U894, Paris, France
| | - Christiane Rose
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences U894, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Louvel
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Inserm, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences U894, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Sokoloff
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Neurologie & Psychiatrie, Castres, France
| | - René Pumain
- Inserm, Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity U1129, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jacques J. Laschet
- Inserm, Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity U1129, Paris, France
- University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France
- * E-mail: (MS); (JJL)
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173
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Fang L, Yao X, Wang L, Li J. Solid-Phase Extraction-Based Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Four Lipophilic Marine Biotoxins in Bivalves by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:373-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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174
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Caban M, Mioduszewska K, Łukaszewicz P, Migowska N, Stepnowski P, Kwiatkowski M, Kumirska J. A new silylating reagent – dimethyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silyldiethylamine – for the derivatisation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1346:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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175
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Hu L, Agbokponto JE, Ding L, Liu B, Shi F, Gong C. Gradient elution mode for the troubleshooting of matrix effect on the determination of G004 in different tissues by LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:53-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Janvier Engelbert Agbokponto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Chuting Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
- Key laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; Ministry of Education; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 China
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176
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Scholz B, Barnsteiner A, Feist K, Schmid W, Engel KH. Analysis of phytostanyl fatty acid esters in enriched foods via UHPLC-APCI-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4268-4275. [PMID: 24766184 DOI: 10.1021/jf500957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of phytostanyl fatty acid esters, the functional ingredients of cholesterol-lowering enriched foods, was developed. The procedure is based on (i) separation of the intact esters via reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography; (ii) detection by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry; and (iii) quantitation using selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Employing a C8 column, phytostanyl fatty acid esters sharing the same stanol nucleus could be separated according to the esterified fatty acids while esters with different stanol moieties could be distinguished via SIM based on the formation of an intense fragment ion [M - fatty acid + H](+). The suitability of the approach was demonstrated using different types of enriched foods reflecting the diversity in potential matrices (skimmed milk drinking yogurt, margarine, and soft-cheese-style spread). The developed methodology extends the analytical basis for authenticity and quality assessments of functional foods enriched with phytostanyl fatty acid esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Scholz
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie, Technische Universität München , Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, D-85350 Freising, Germany
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177
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Oosterink JE, Buijs N, van Goudoever JB, Schierbeek H. A novel method for simultaneous measurement of concentration and enrichment of NO synthesis-specific amino acids in human plasma using stable isotopes and LC/MS ion trap analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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178
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Heaton JC, Russell JJ, Underwood T, Boughtflower R, McCalley DV. Comparison of peak shape in hydrophilic interaction chromatography using acidic salt buffers and simple acid solutions. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:39-48. [PMID: 24813934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The retention and peak shape of neutral, basic and acidic solutes was studied on hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) stationary phases that showed both strong and weak ionic retention characteristics, using aqueous-acetonitrile mobile phases containing either formic acid (FA), ammonium formate (AF) or phosphoric acid (PA). The effect of organic solvent concentration on the results was also studied. Peak shape was good for neutrals under most mobile phase conditions. However, peak shapes for ionised solutes, particularly for basic compounds, were considerably worse in FA than AF. Even neutral compounds showed deterioration in performance with FA when the mobile phase water concentration was reduced. The poor performance in FA cannot be entirely attributed to the negative impact of ionic retention on ionised silanols on the underlying silica base materials, as results using PA at lower pH (where their ionisation is suppressed) were inferior to those in AF. Besides the moderating influence of the salt cation on ionic retention, it is likely that salt buffers improve peak shape due to the increased ionic strength of the mobile phase and its impact on the formation of the water layer on the column surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Heaton
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Joseph J Russell
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Tim Underwood
- Analytical Chemistry, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - David V McCalley
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
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179
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Gudlawar SK, Dwivedi J. SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN APCI NEGATIVE MASS SPECTROMETRY: ANALYSIS OF 1-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZENE IN QUETIAPINE FUMARATE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- b Department of Chemistry , Banasthali Vidyapeeth , Jaipur , India
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180
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Novotny NR, Capley EN, Stenson AC. Fact or artifact: the representativeness of ESI-MS for complex natural organic mixtures. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:316-26. [PMID: 24719347 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Because mass spectrometers provide their own dispersion and resolution of analytes, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has become a workhorse for the characterization of complex mixtures from aerosols to crude oil. Unfortunately, ESI mass spectra commonly contain multimers, adducts and fragments. For the characterization of complex mixtures of unknown initial composition, this presents a significant concern. Mixed-multimer formation could potentially lead to results that bare no resemblance to the original mixture. Conversely, ESI-MS has continually reflected subtle differences between natural organic matter mixtures that are in agreement with prediction or theory. Knowing the real limitations of the technique is therefore critical to avoiding both over-interpretation and unwarranted skepticism. Here, data were collected on four mass spectrometers under a battery of conditions. Results indicate that formation of unrepresentative ions cannot entirely be ruled out, but non-covalent multimers do not appear to make a major contribution to typical natural organic matter spectra based on collision-induced dissociation results. Multimers also appear notably reduced when a cooling gas is present in the accumulation region of the mass spectrometer. For less complex mixtures, the choice of spray solvent can make a difference, but generally spectrum cleanliness (i.e. representativeness) comes at the price of increased selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Novotny
- Chemistry Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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182
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A Rapid Sample Preparation Procedure Using MonoSpin CBA and Amide Columns for Tetrodotoxin Detection in Serum and Urine Using LC–MS/MS Analysis. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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183
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Analytics of the therapeutic peptide aviptadil by sheathless CE-MS and comparison with nanoRP-HPLC–MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 88:477-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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184
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Critical practical aspects in the application of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric studies for the characterization of impurities and degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:191-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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185
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Abstract
The problem of sample diluent in bioanalytical LC–MS is reviewed with a special focus on large-volume injections and non-miscible solvents with mobile phase components. These issues are related to the sample preparation approach, which in many instances provides the sample diluent before injecting this into the chromatographic column. The sample volume influences the quantitation limit of the chromatographic method, while its nature may influence the retention process of the injected analytes. The literature reports a few papers that are focused on alternative sample diluents in bioanalytical LC–MS that are generally non-miscible with mobile phase. The principle of this approach and some of its current bioanalytical applications from literature are discussed. However, more applications and more publications from HPLC users and vendors are expected in this field, which could prove its analytical importance and potential in bioanalysis.
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186
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Mobile phase pH and organic modifier in reversed-phase LC–ESI-MS bioanalytical methods: assessment of sensitivity, chromatography and correlation of retention time with in silico logD predictions. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2753-70. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the work described herein was to undertake a systematic investigation of the effect of mobile phase pH and organic modifier in typical reversed-phase LC–MS methods with regard to ESI-MS response, chromatographic performance and correlation of retention time with in silico logD predictions. Results: For the test set of pharmaceutical analytes investigated, ESI-MS response was generally greater when employing methanol rather than acetonitrile as the organic modifier, and increases of up to tenfold were observed dependent on the pH-buffered mobile phase employed. Deleterious effects on chromatographic performance of protonated basic analyte were observed under conditions of neutral to weakly basic pH. A qualitative correlation between plots of predicted logD and observed retention time against pH was demonstrated. Conclusion: In the absence of a simple and/or predictive dependence of analyte ESI-MS response on the mobile phase pH, a practical evaluation should be undertaken when absolute sensitivity is paramount. The use of in silico predictions of analyte logD to direct the development of bioanalytical assays is broadly valid, but further scrutiny is recommended in predicting the retention of ionized analyte.
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187
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Comparison of retention behavior of oligolysine and oligoarginine in ion-pairing chromatography using heptafluorobutyric acid. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:9739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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188
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Purification of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oil using silver-thiolate chromatographic material and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1312:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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189
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Keski-Rahkonen P, Huhtinen K, Desai R, Harwood DT, Handelsman DJ, Poutanen M, Auriola S. LC-MS analysis of estradiol in human serum and endometrial tissue: Comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:1050-1058. [PMID: 24078246 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of estradiol (E2) is important in clinical diagnostics and research. High sensitivity methods are critical for specimens with E2 concentrations at low picomolar levels, such as serum of men, postmenopausal women and children. Achieving the required assay performance with LC-MS is challenging due to the non-polar structure and low proton affinity of E2. Previous studies suggest that ionization has a major role for the performance of E2 measurement, but comparisons of different ionization techniques for the analysis of clinical samples are not available. In this study, female serum and endometrium tissue samples were used to compare electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) in both polarities. APPI was found to have the most potential for E2 analysis, with a quantification limit of 1 fmol on-column. APCI and ESI could be employed in negative polarity, although being slightly less sensitive than APPI. In the presence of biological background, ESI was found to be highly susceptible to ion suppression, while APCI and APPI were largely unaffected by the sample matrix. Irrespective of the ionization technique, background interferences were observed when using the multiple reaction monitoring transitions commonly employed for E2 (m/z 271 > 159; m/z 255 > 145). These unidentified interferences were most severe in serum samples, varied in intensity between ionization techniques and required efficient chromatographic separation in order to achieve specificity for E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia; School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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190
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Reversed phase ion-pairing chromatography of an oligolysine mixture in different mobile phases: effort of searching critical chromatography conditions. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:127-32. [PMID: 23876768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier study [J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (2011) 7765] on separation of an oligolysine mixture consisting of chains with 2-8 lysine residues (number of lysine residues, dp=2-8) by ion-pairing reversed-phase chromatography using heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) as an ion pairing reagent at fixed mobile phase acetonitrile (ACN) content was extended to isocratic elution conditions with different ACN percentages. The present work explored how manipulating the mobile phase HFBA concentration ([HFBA]) and %-ACN content influences separations of the oligolysine mixture. The closed pairing model was used to analyze variation of the retention factor as a function of [HFBA]. The partition coefficient of the paired peptide decreased with increasing %-ACN. Pairing of HFBA to oligolysine was cooperative, and the effect increased when %-ACN in the mobile phase was lowered. A plot of the partition coefficient as a function of %-ACN for oligolysines varying in dp converged at one ACN content, indicating a critical condition in which components of different dp co-elute.
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191
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Seger C, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy: modern high-end detectors for high resolution separation techniques--state of the art in natural product HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, and CE-MS hyphenations. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:970-87. [PMID: 23739842 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current natural product research is unthinkable without the use of high resolution separation techniques as high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis (HPLC or CE respectively) combined with mass spectrometers (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These hyphenated instrumental analysis platforms (CE-MS, HPLC-MS or HPLC-NMR) are valuable tools for natural product de novo identification, as well as the authentication, distribution, and quantification of constituents in biogenic raw materials, natural medicines and biological materials obtained from model organisms, animals and humans. Moreover, metabolic profiling and metabolic fingerprinting applications can be addressed as well as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic issues. This review provides an overview of latest technological developments, discusses the assets and drawbacks of the available hyphenation techniques, and describes typical analytical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CCB-Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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192
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Chang YL, Hsieh CL, Huang YM, Chiou WL, Kuo YH, Tseng MH. Modified method for determination of sulfur metabolites in plant tissues by stable isotope dilution-based liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2013; 442:24-33. [PMID: 23911527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of sulfur metabolites play important roles in plant functions. We have developed a precise and sensitive method for the simultaneous measurement of several sulfur metabolites based on liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and (34)S metabolic labeling of sulfur-containing metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. However, some sulfur metabolites were unstable during the extraction procedure. Our proposed method does not allow for the detection of the important sulfur metabolite homocysteine because of its instability during sample extraction. Stable isotope-labeled sulfur metabolites of A. thaliana shoot were extracted and utilized as internal standards for quantification of sulfur metabolites with LC-MS/MS using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), methionine (Met), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) as example metabolites. These metabolites were detected using electrospray ionization in positive mode. Standard curves were linear (r(2)>0.99) over a range of concentrations (SAM 0.01-2.0μM, SAH 0.002-0.10μM, Met 0.05-4.0μM, GSH 0.17-20.0μM, GSSG 0.07-20.0μM), with limits of detection for SAM, SAH, Met, GSH, and GSSG of 0.83, 0.67, 10, 0.56, and 1.1nM, respectively; and the within-run and between-run coefficients of variation based on quality control samples were less than 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lan Chang
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
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193
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Ivanisevic J, Zhu ZJ, Plate L, Tautenhahn R, Chen S, O'Brien PJ, Johnson CH, Marletta MA, Patti GJ, Siuzdak G. Toward 'omic scale metabolite profiling: a dual separation-mass spectrometry approach for coverage of lipid and central carbon metabolism. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6876-84. [PMID: 23781873 PMCID: PMC3761963 DOI: 10.1021/ac401140h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the objective of any 'omic science is broad measurement of its constituents, such coverage has been challenging in metabolomics because the metabolome is comprised of a chemically diverse set of small molecules with variable physical properties. While extensive studies have been performed to identify metabolite isolation and separation methods, these strategies introduce bias toward lipophilic or water-soluble metabolites depending on whether reversed-phase (RP) or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is used, respectively. Here we extend our consideration of metabolome isolation and separation procedures to integrate RPLC/MS and HILIC/MS profiling. An aminopropyl-based HILIC/MS method was optimized on the basis of mobile-phase additives and pH, followed by evaluation of reproducibility. When applied to the untargeted study of perturbed bacterial metabolomes, the HILIC method enabled the accurate assessment of key, dysregulated metabolites in central carbon pathways (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, phosphorylated sugars, energy currency metabolites), which could not be retained by RPLC. To demonstrate the value of the integrative approach, bacterial cells, human plasma, and cancer cells were analyzed by combined RPLC/HILIC separation coupled to ESI positive/negative MS detection. The combined approach resulted in the observation of metabolites associated with lipid and central carbon metabolism from a single biological extract, using 80% organic solvent (ACN:MeOH:H2O 2:2:1). It enabled the detection of more than 30,000 features from each sample type, with the highest number of uniquely detected features by RPLC in ESI positive mode and by HILIC in ESI negative mode. Therefore, we conclude that when time and sample are limited, the maximum amount of biological information related to lipid and central carbon metabolism can be acquired by combining RPLC ESI positive and HILIC ESI negative mode analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Ivanisevic
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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194
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Deicke M, Bellenger JP, Wichard T. Direct quantification of bacterial molybdenum and iron metallophores with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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195
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Qian J, Wang Y, Cao J, Li J. Determination of henatinib in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic application. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 80:173-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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196
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Božović A, Kulasingam V. Quantitative mass spectrometry-based assay development and validation: From small molecules to proteins. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:444-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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197
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Kuehnbaum NL, Britz-McKibbin P. New Advances in Separation Science for Metabolomics: Resolving Chemical Diversity in a Post-Genomic Era. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2437-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300484s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L. Kuehnbaum
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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198
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Nanita SC, Padivitage NL. Ammonium chloride salting out extraction/cleanup for trace-level quantitative analysis in food and biological matrices by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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199
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Chiaia-Hernandez AC, Krauss M, Hollender J. Screening of lake sediments for emerging contaminants by liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:976-986. [PMID: 23215447 DOI: 10.1021/es303888v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We developed a multiresidue method for the target and suspect screening of more than 180 pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, biocides, additives, corrosion inhibitors, musk fragrances, UV light stabilizers, and industrial chemicals in sediments. Sediment samples were freeze-dried, extracted by pressurized liquid extraction, and cleaned up by liquid-liquid partitioning. The quantification and identification of target compounds with a broad range of physicochemical properties (log K(ow) 0-12) was carried out by liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) coupled to high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS). The overall method average recoveries and precision are 103% and 9% (RSD), respectively. The method detection limits range from 0.010 to 4 ng/g(dw), while limits of quantification range from 0.030 to 14 ng/g(dw). The use of APPI as an alternative ionization source helped to distinguish two isomeric musk fragrances by means of different ionization behavior. The method was demonstrated on sediment cores from Lake Greifensee located in northeastern Switzerland. The results show that biocides, musk fragrances, and other personal care products were the most frequently detected compounds with concentrations ranging from pg/g(dw) to ng/g(dw), whereas none of the targeted pharmaceuticals were found. The concentrations of many urban contaminants originating from wastewater correlate with the highest phosphorus input into the lake as a proxy for treatment efficiency. HRMS enabled a retrospective analysis of the full-scan data acquisition allowing the detection of suspected compounds like quaternary ammonium surfactants, the biocide triclocarban, and the tentative identification of further compounds without reference standards, among others transformation products of triclosan and triclocarban.
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200
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Reemtsma T, Alder L, Banasiak U. A multimethod for the determination of 150 pesticide metabolites in surface water and groundwater using direct injection liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1271:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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