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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation can be a serious complication for patients with chronic or resolved HBV infection when treated with biologics. For HBsAg-positive patients receiving biologics, the risk of HBV reactivation is moderate to high. HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc positive patients are at lower risk of HBV reactivation than HBsAg-positive patients. However, patients taking anti-CD20 agents, such as rituximab, have high risk of HBV reactivation (>10%), so antiviral prophylactic therapies are required. This review provides the different classes of biologics associated with HBV reactivation, stratifies the various reactivation risk levels by HBV status and biologic agent, and discusses management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Ogawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
| | - Mike T Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 750 Welch Road, Suite 210, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 750 Welch Road, Suite 210, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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152
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McCombe PA, Lee JD, Woodruff TM, Henderson RD. The Peripheral Immune System and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2020; 11:279. [PMID: 32373052 PMCID: PMC7186478 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that is defined by loss of upper and lower motor neurons, associated with accumulation of protein aggregates in cells. There is also pathology in extra-motor areas of the brain, Possible causes of cell death include failure to deal with the aggregated proteins, glutamate toxicity and mitochondrial failure. ALS also involves abnormalities of metabolism and the immune system, including neuroinflammation in the brain and spinal cord. Strikingly, there are also abnormalities of the peripheral immune system, with alterations of T lymphocytes, monocytes, complement and cytokines in the peripheral blood of patients with ALS. The precise contribution of the peripheral immune system in ALS pathogenesis is an active area of research. Although some trials of immunomodulatory agents have been negative, there is strong preclinical evidence of benefit from immune modulation and further trials are currently underway. Here, we review the emerging evidence implicating peripheral immune alterations contributing to ALS, and their potential as future therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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153
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Eggestøl HØ, Lunde HS, Knutsen TM, Haugland GT. Interleukin-1 Ligands and Receptors in Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus L.): Molecular Characterization, Phylogeny, Gene Expression, and Transcriptome Analyses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 32300342 PMCID: PMC7144542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-1 family play a fundamental role as immune system modulators. Our previous transcriptome-analyses of leukocytes from lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) showed that IL-1β was among the most highly upregulated genes following bacterial exposure. In the present study, we characterized IL-1 signaling pathways, identified and characterized four ligands of the IL-1 family in lumpfish; IL-1β type I and type II, IL-18, and the novel IL-1 family members (nIL-1F), both at mRNA and gene levels. The two IL-1β in lumpfish is termed IL-1β1 (type II) and IL-1β2 (type I). Furthermore, a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 277 IL-1 ligands showed that nIL-1F, in common with IL-1β, likely represents an ancestral gene, as representatives for nIL-1F were found in cartilaginous and lobe-finned fish, in addition to teleosts. This shows that nIL-1F is not exclusively present in teleosts as previously suggested. Our analyses of exon-intron structures, intron phases, phylogeny and synteny clearly show the separation of IL-1β into groups; type I and type II, which likely is a result of the third whole genome duplication (3R WGD). The phylogenetic analysis shows that most teleosts have both type I and type II. Furthermore, we have determined transcription levels of the IL-1 ligands in leukocytes and 16 different tissues, and their responses upon in vitro stimulation with seven different ligands. In addition, we have identified the IL-1 receptors IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-1R4 (ST2/IL-33 receptor/IL-1RL), IL-1R5 (IL-18R1), and partial sequences of DIGIRR and IL-1R3 (IL-RAcP). Identification of immune molecules and description of innate responses in lumpfish is interesting for comparative and evolutionary studies and our study constitutes a solid basis for further functional analyses of IL-1 ligands and receptors in lumpfish. Furthermore, since lumpfish are now farmed in large numbers to be used as cleaner fish for removal of sea lice on farmed salmon, in-depth knowledge of key immune molecules, signaling pathways and innate immune responses is needed, as the basis for design of efficient immune prophylactic measures such as vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Ø Eggestøl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harald S Lunde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gyri T Haugland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bergen High-Technology Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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154
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Zhang SJ, Guo X, Hu P, Lu SY, Liu NN, Fu BQ, Wang N, Li YS, Wang LL, Chang J, Chang HZ, Liu ZS, Zhou Y, Ren HL. Characterization of a Novel Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist from Sheep ( Ovis aries). J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:268-278. [PMID: 32233931 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is an antagonist of IL-1β binding IL-1β receptors but does not induce intracellular responses or signal transduction. In this study, the full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) of the IL-1Ra gene (OaIL-1Ra) was identified from sheep (Ovis aries) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and submitted to GenBank with the accession number KC425613. The OaIL-1Ra cDNA comprised an open reading frame of 525 bp encoding a protein of 19765.8 Da, a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 27 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 676 bp with a poly(A) tail. Recombinant OaIL-1Ra with bioactivity was expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, and a monoclonal antibody against native OaIL-1Ra was prepared. Through Western blot analyses, the OaIL-1Ra protein was widely expressed in lung, heart, spleen, liver, kidney, muscle, intestine, lymphonodi, rumen, and white blood cells, with the highest levels in liver and spleen. The expression of OaIL-1Ra in primary cultured white blood cells of sheep were highly induced in a time-dependent manner when challenged with different bacteria. These results implied that OaIL-1Ra is associated with immune responses during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Panjin Inspection and Testing Center, Panjin, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan-Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Jilin Provincal Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu-Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heng-Zhen Chang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis / College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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155
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Asgharzadeh M, Jigheh ZA, Kafil HS, Farhoudi M, Oskouei DS, Khaki-Khatibi F, Fadaee M, Vegari A, Asgharzadeh V, Najafi-Ghalelou N, Poor BM, Rashedi J. Association of Interleukin-1 and Inteleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in Azeri Population of Iran. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1110-1116. [PMID: 32148206 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200309142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines as important mediators have a critical role in appropriate immune responses, the irregular production of which can lead to Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) triggers inflammatory responses. Function and production of the cytokine are influenced by IL-1 coding gene polymorphism and those antagonists gene polymorphism. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlation between MS and IL-1 related alleles in Azeri population of Iran. METHODS Variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes of 150 MS patients and 220 healthy non-relative controls were determined. RESULTS In the healthy controls, genotype TT at IL-1A (-889) location was significantly higher than the MS patients (p=0.0001). However, a significant difference was not found between the two groups in genotypic/allelic frequency at IL- 1B+ 3953 location. Evaluation of the IL-1RA gene revealed that genotype 1/2, and genotype 1/3 were significantly higher in the healthy controls and MS patients, respectively. Our findings indicated that the consumption of fast-food in MS patients was significantly higher than controls (p= <0.05). Also, a considerable number of MS patients had inappropriate dieting behaviors such as not eating breakfast (p= 0.0001), and irregular eating habits (p= 0.0001). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of the IL-1B genes and common alleles of IL-1RA were not considered as risk factors for MS disease. However, genotype TT at IL-1A (-889) location and the rare allele of IL-1RA3 can be a potential risk factor for the disease. Furthermore, inappropriate dieting behaviors and consumption of fast-food can increase the risk of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asgharzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra A Jigheh
- 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein S Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Daryoush S Oskouei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khaki-Khatibi
- 3Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Fadaee
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Vegari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Asgharzadeh
- 8Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalelou
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behroz M Poor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalil Rashedi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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156
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Verstraeten BSE, McCreary JK, Weyers S, Metz GAS, Olson DM. Prenatal two-hit stress affects maternal and offspring pregnancy outcomes and uterine gene expression in rats: match or mismatch? Biol Reprod 2020; 100:195-207. [PMID: 30084951 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal stress and inflammation excesses can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring development. We evaluated whether distinct prenatal stressors affect pregnancy, maternal and offspring outcomes, and uterine gene expression differently when combined than either alone. Long-Evans dams were exposed to psychological or/and (two-hit) immune stress (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β]), on gestational days 12-18 and 17-delivery, respectively. Gestational length, maternal weight gain, glycaemia and corticosterone levels, offspring weight, and gender effects were recorded. Maternal and offspring uteri were collected at weaning and on postnatal day 160 correspondingly. Uterine expression of genes involved in local progesterone metabolism, neuroendocrine and immune systems were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Maternal two-hit stress increased gestational length variation and the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes while reducing gestational weight gain. Pup weight was negatively affected by prenatal stressors in a gender-specific way. In dams, IL-1β upregulated gene expression of neuroendocrine (Crh, Crhr1) and cytokine genes (Il1b, Il1rn, Il6, and Il10). Conversely, transcriptional patterns in offspring uteri were more variable with gene-specific up- or downregulation by each stressor separately, while exposure to both extensively reduced the expression of neuroendocrine (Hsd11b1), cytokine (Il1a, Il1rn, Il6), and IL-1 receptor genes. In conclusion, maternal stress affects physiological and molecular processes in dams and their offspring; two hits have different effects than single stressors. Outcomes appear generation-, gender-, and stressor-specific. Dampening of offspring uterine gene expression after exposure to multiple stressors could fit within the match/mismatch hypothesis of perinatal programming, with offspring preparing for a stressful life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S E Verstraeten
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Keiko McCreary
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Weyers
- Department of Uro-Gynaecology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - David M Olson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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157
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Sui X, Yang J, Zhang G, Yuan X, Li W, Long J, Luo Y, Li Y, Wang Y. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition attenuates subacute neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide in vitro and in vivo. Toxicology 2020; 432:152392. [PMID: 32014472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) constitutes an important industrial chemical agent and well-known neurotoxin. However, the mechanism underlying AA-mediated neurotoxicity is extremely complicated and controversial. In this study, we found that activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its subsequent downstream inflammatory responses plays an important role in AA-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms. In vitro experiments revealed that AA (2.5 mM) induced BV2 microglial cytotoxicity and triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation along with downstream proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and interleukin-18 expression. Treatment with inhibitor or NLRP3 siRNA efficiently protected BV2 microglial cells against AA-induced cytotoxicity and reversed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its mediated inflammatory reaction. Similarly, AA exposure (50 mg/kg) for 10 consecutive days caused significant activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and neuroinflammation in C57BL/6 mice, whereas inhibiting these effects through specific NLRP3 inflammasome blocker MCC950 (5 mg/kg) intervention or NLRP3 knock-out significantly ameliorated AA-induced ataxia, cerebellar Purkinje cells degeneration, and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that antagonism of NLRP3 could also up-regulate the Nrf2 signalling pathway and related antioxidant genes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is involved in AA-induced neurotoxicity, whereas MCC950 treatment or NLRP3 knock-out could effectively protect against AA-induced neurotoxic injury through the inhibition of neuroinflammation and activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome might serve as a promising therapeutic target, with drugs designed to specifically inhibit this pathway potentially providing new avenues for preventing or ameliorating AA poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guangzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - XiaoFeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - WanHua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - JianHai Long
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, No 27, Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China.
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158
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Mining the proliferative diabetic retinopathy-associated genes and pathways by integrated bioinformatic analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:269-279. [PMID: 31953631 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) especially proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a serious eye disease. We aimed to identify key pathway and hub genes associated with PDR by analyzing the expression of retinal fibrovascular tissue in PDR patients. METHODS First raw data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Median normalization was subsequently applied to preprocess. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analyzed with the Limma package. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to build the co-expression network for all genes. Then, we compared the DEGs and modules filtered out by WGCNA. A protein-protein interaction network based on the STRING web site and the Cytoscape software was constructed by the overlapping DEGs. Next, the Gene Ontology term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Finally, we used the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database to identify some important pathways and hub genes tightly related to PDR. RESULTS Functional enrichment analysis showed that the pathway of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was significantly related to PDR eight hub genes which were associated with pathway including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A), C-C chemokine 20 (CCL20), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2), oncostatin M (OSM) interleukin 10 (IL10), interleukin 15 (IL 15), and interleukin 1B (IL1B). CONCLUSIONS We identified one pathway and eight hub genes, which were associated with PDR. The pathway provided references that will advance the understanding of mechanisms of PDR. Moreover, the hub genes may serve as therapeutic targets for precise diagnosis and treatment of PDR in the future.
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159
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Pereira CA, Carlos D, Ferreira NS, Silva JF, Zanotto CZ, Zamboni DS, Garcia VD, Ventura DF, Silva JS, Tostes RC. Mitochondrial DNA Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Contributes to Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1557. [PMID: 32009974 PMCID: PMC6978691 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to several signals, including mitochondrial DNA (mDNA), regulates inflammatory responses by caspase-1 activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release. Circulating mDNA is linked to micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes. However, a role for mDNA in endothelial dysfunction is not clear. We tested the hypothesis that mDNA contributes to diabetes-associated endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation via NLRP3 activation. Methods: Vascular reactivity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, calcium (Ca2+) influx and caspase-1 and IL-1β activation were determined in mesenteric resistance arteries from normoglicemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 and NLRP3 knockout (Nlrp3-/- ) mice. Endothelial cells and mesenteric arteries were stimulated with mDNA from control (cmDNA) and diabetic (dmDNA) mice. Results: Diabetes reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increased vascular ROS generation and caspase-1 and IL-1β activation in C57BL/6, but not in Nlrp3-/- mice. Diabetes increased pancreatic cytosolic mDNA. dmDNA decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In endothelial cells, dmDNA activated NLRP3 via mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ influx. Patients with type 1 diabetes exhibited increased circulating mDNA as well as caspase-1 and IL-1β activation. Conclusion: dmDNA activates endothelial NLRP3 inflammasome by mechanisms that involve Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial ROS generation. NLRP3 deficiency prevents diabetes-associated vascular inflammatory damage and endothelial dysfunction. Our study highlights the importance of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes-associated vascular dysfunction, which is key to diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carlos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Z Zanotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Valéria D Garcia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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160
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Interleukin-38 is elevated in inflammatory bowel diseases and suppresses intestinal inflammation. Cytokine 2020; 127:154963. [PMID: 31927461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been no report investigating the role of IL-38 in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Therefore, we investigated the expression of IL-38 in IBD patients and its role in regulating intestinal inflammation. The levels of IL-38 were significantly elevated in the intestine of IBD patients and DSS-induced colitis mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that B cell, not macrophage or T cell, was the source of IL-38 in the intestine. We found that rIL-38 treatment significantly attenuated DSS-induced colitis, including alleviation of weight loss, disease activity index, macroscopic changes and histological damage of colon, along with lower levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. In vitro, rIL-38 significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and BMDM. This is the first study suggesting that IL-38 may have a protective effect in IBD, which inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages. IL-38 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in IBD.
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161
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Autologous Microfragmented Adipose Tissue Reduces the Catabolic and Fibrosis Response in an In Vitro Model of Tendon Cell Inflammation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5620286. [PMID: 31885616 PMCID: PMC6915130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5620286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) emerged as a promising therapy for tendon pathologies. Microfragmented adipose tissue (μFAT) represents a convenient autologous product for the application of MSC-based therapies in the clinical setting. In the present study, the ability of μFAT to counteract inflammatory processes induced by IL-1β on human tendon cells (TCs) was evaluated. Methods Cell viability and proliferation were evaluated after 48 hours of transwell coculture of TCs and autologous μFAT in the presence or absence of IL-1β. Gene expression of scleraxis, collagen type I and type III, metalloproteinases-1 and -3, and cyclooxygenase-2 was evaluated by real-time RT-PCR. The content of VEGF, IL-1Ra, TNFα, and IL-6 was evaluated by ELISA. Results IL-1β-treated TCs showed augmented collagen type III, metalloproteases, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. μFAT was able to reduce the expression of collagen type III and metalloproteases-1 in a significant manner, and at the same time, it enhanced the production of VEGF, IL-1Ra, and IL-6. Conclusions In this in vitro model of tendon cell inflammation, the paracrine action of μFAT, exerted by anti-inflammatory molecules and growth factors, was able to inhibit the expression of fibrosis and catabolic markers. Then, these results suggest that the application of μFAT may represent an effective conservative or adjuvant therapy for the treatment of tendon disorders.
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Queen D, Ediriweera C, Liu L. Function and Regulation of IL-36 Signaling in Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:317. [PMID: 31867327 PMCID: PMC6904269 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The IL-36 subfamily of cytokines belongs to the IL-1 superfamily and consists of three pro-inflammatory agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and an IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) antagonist, IL-36Ra. These IL-36 cytokines function through a common receptor to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. IL-36 cytokines are expressed as inactive precursors and require proteolytic processing to become fully active. Upon binding to IL-36R, IL-36 agonists augment the expression and production of inflammatory cytokines via activating signaling pathways. IL-36 is mainly expressed in epidermal, bronchial, and intestinal epithelial cells that form the barrier structures of the body and regulates the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production at these tissue sites. Dysregulation of IL-36 signaling is a major etiological factor in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Besides its critical role in inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, emerging evidence suggests that aberrant IL-36 activities also promote inflammatory diseases in the lung, kidneys, and intestines, underscoring the potential of IL-36 as a therapeutic target for common inflammatory diseases. The role of IL-36 signaling in cancer development is also under investigation, with limited studies suggesting a potential anti-tumor effect. In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the expression, activation, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions of IL-36 signaling in immunity, inflammatory diseases, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Queen
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Liang Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, United States
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163
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Talabot-Ayer D, Mermoud L, Borowczyk J, Drukala J, Wolnicki M, Modarressi A, Boehncke WH, Brembilla N, Palmer G. Interleukin-38 interacts with destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor in human keratinocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225782. [PMID: 31770407 PMCID: PMC6879167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which was proposed to exert anti-inflammatory effects. IL-38 is constitutively expressed in the skin, where keratinocytes are the main producing cells. Little information is currently available concerning IL-38 biology. Here, we investigated the subcellular localization and interaction partners of the IL-38 protein in human keratinocytes. IL-38 expression was reduced in primary keratinocytes grown in monolayer (2D) cultures. We thus used IL-38 overexpressing immortalized normal human keratinocytes (NHK/38) to study this cytokine in cell monolayers. In parallel, differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in an in vitro reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) 3D model allowed us to restore endogenous IL-38 expression. In NHK/38 cells and in RHE, IL-38 was mainly cell-associated, rather than released into culture supernatants. Intracellular IL-38 was preferentially, although not exclusively, cytoplasmic. Similarly, in normal human skin sections, IL-38 was predominantly cytoplasmic in the epidermis and essentially excluded from keratinocyte nuclei. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified destrin/actin-depolymerizing factor (DSTN) as a potential IL-38-interacting molecule. Co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assay confirmed this interaction. We further observed partial co-localization of IL-38 and DSTN in NHK/38 cells. Endogenous IL-38 and DSTN were also co-expressed in all epidermal layers in RHE and in normal human skin. Finally, IL-38 partially co-localized with F-actin in NHK/38 cells, in particular along the cortical actin network and in filopodia. In conclusion, IL-38 is found predominantly in the cytoplasm of human keratinocytes, where it interacts with DSTN. The functional relevance of this interaction remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Talabot-Ayer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Mermoud
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Borowczyk
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Drukala
- Cell Bank, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michal Wolnicki
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ali Modarressi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolo Brembilla
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Department of Pathology-Immunology, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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164
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Zuo S, Zou W, Wu RM, Yang J, Fan JN, Zhao XK, Li HY. Icariin Alleviates IL-1β-Induced Matrix Degradation By Activating The Nrf2/ARE Pathway In Human Chondrocytes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3949-3961. [PMID: 31819369 PMCID: PMC6876636 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s203094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive matrix destruction of articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the potential antioxidative and chondroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Icariin (ICA) in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation of OA cartilage. Methods Human chondrocyte cell line HC-A was treated with different doses of ICA, and then MTT assay and PI staining were used to estimate ICA-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Intracellular ROS and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured after treatment by IL-1β with or without ICA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of redox transcription factor Nrf2 and the downstream effector SOD-1, SOD-2, NQO-1 and HO-1 were assayed to explore the detailed mechanism by which ICA alleviates ECM degradation. Finally, to expound the role of Nrf2 in ICA-mediated chondroprotection, we specifically depleted Nrf2 in human chondrocytes and then pretreated them with ICA followed by IL-1β. Results ICA had no cytotoxic effects on human chondrocytes and 10−9 M was selected as the optimum concentration. ROS induced by IL-1β could drastically activate matrix-degrading proteases and ICA could significantly rescue the matrix degradation and excess ROS generation caused by IL-1β. We observed that ICA activated the Nrf2/ARE pathway, consequently upregulating the generation of GPX and SOD. Ablation of Nrf2 abrogated the chondroprotective and antioxidative effects of ICA in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Conclusion ICA alleviates IL-1β-induced matrix degradation and eliminates ROS by activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Min Wu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Maternity Hospital of Guizhou, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Nan Fan
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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165
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Wei Y, Lan Y, Zhong Y, Yu K, Xu W, Zhu R, Sun H, Ding Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q. Interleukin-38 alleviates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:371-384. [PMID: 31746138 PMCID: PMC6933378 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive immune‐mediated inflammatory reaction plays a deleterious role in ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction (MI). Interleukin (IL)‐38 is a newly characterized cytokine of the IL‐1 family and has been reported to exert a protective effect in some autoimmune diseases. However, its role in cardiac remodelling post‐MI remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of IL‐38 was increased in infarcted heart after MI induced in C57BL/6 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. In addition, our data showed that ventricular remodelling after MI was significantly ameliorated after recombinant IL‐38 injection in mice. This amelioration was demonstrated by better cardiac function, restricted inflammatory response, attenuated myocardial injury and decreased myocardial fibrosis. Our results in vitro revealed that IL‐38 affects the phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs) and IL‐38 plus troponin I (TNI)‐treated tolerogenic DCs dampened adaptive immune response when co‐cultured with CD4+T cells. In conclusion, IL‐38 plays a protective effect in ventricular remodelling post‐MI, one possibility by influencing DCs to attenuate inflammatory response. Therefore, targeting IL‐38 may hold a new therapeutic potential in treating MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wei
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Lan
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yucheng Zhong
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kunwu Yu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huahzong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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166
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Kuffler DP. Injury-Induced Effectors of Neuropathic Pain. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:51-66. [PMID: 31701439 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injuries typically result in the development of neuropathic pain, which decreases in parallel with wound healing. However, the pain may remain after the injury appears to have healed, which is generally associated with an ongoing underlying pro-inflammatory state. Injury induces many cells to release factors that contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory state, which is considered an essential first step towards wound healing. However, pain elimination requires a transition of the injury site from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, developing techniques that eliminate chronic pain require an understanding of the cells resident at and recruited to injury sites, the factors they release, that promote a pro-inflammatory state, and promote the subsequent transition of that site to be anti-inflammatory. Although a relatively large number of cells, factors, and gene expression changes are involved in these processes, it may be possible to control a relatively small number of them leading to the reduction and elimination of chronic neuropathic pain. This first of two papers examines the roles of the most salient cells and mediators associated with the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The following paper examines the cells and mediators involved in reducing and eliminating chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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167
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Xi Y, Jiang T, Chaurasiya B, Zhou Y, Yu J, Wen J, Shen Y, Ye X, Webster TJ. Advances in nanomedicine for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8521-8542. [PMID: 31806960 PMCID: PMC6831987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation and ankylosis primarily at the cartilage–bone interface. The disease is more common in young males and risk factors include both genetic and environmental. While the pathogenesis of AS is not completely understood, it is thought to be an immune-mediated disease involving inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and human leukocyte antigen-B27. Currently, there is no specific diagnostic technique available for this disease; therefore conventional diagnostic approaches such as clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging techniques are used. There are various review papers that have been published on conventional treatment approaches, and in this review work, we focus on the more promising nanomedicine-based treatment modalities to move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingwang Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institution of Laboratory Medicine of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Birendra Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangmin Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Center for Research Development and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients and Generic Drugs, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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168
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Abouelasrar Salama S, Lavie M, De Buck M, Van Damme J, Struyf S. Cytokines and serum amyloid A in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 50:29-42. [PMID: 31718982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is dependent on the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α during infection and inflammation. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) upregulates SAA-inducing cytokines. In line with this, a segment of chronically infected individuals display increased circulating levels of SAA. SAA has even been proposed to be a potential biomarker to evaluate treatment efficiency and the course of disease. SAA possesses antiviral activity against HCV via direct interaction with the viral particle, but might also divert infectivity through its function as an apolipoprotein. On the other hand, SAA shares inflammatory and angiogenic activity with chemotactic cytokines by activating the G protein-coupled receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2. These latter properties might promote chronic inflammation and hepatic injury. Indeed, up to 80 % of infected individuals develop chronic disease because they cannot completely clear the infection, due to diversion of the immune response. In this review, we summarize the interconnection between SAA and cytokines in the context of HCV infection and highlight the dual role SAA could play in this disease. Nevertheless, more research is needed to establish whether the balance between those opposing activities can be tilted in favor of the host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Muriel Lavie
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 8204, Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mieke De Buck
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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169
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Nosenko MA, Ambaryan SG, Drutskaya MS. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Skin Wound Healing in Mice. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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170
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Ye J, Zha J, Shi Y, Li Y, Yuan D, Chen Q, Lin F, Fang Z, Yu Y, Dai Y, Xu B. Co-inhibition of HDAC and MLL-menin interaction targets MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia cells via disruption of DNA damage checkpoint and DNA repair. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:137. [PMID: 31590682 PMCID: PMC6781368 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While the aberrant translocation of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene drives pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it represents an independent predictor for poor prognosis of adult AML patients. Thus, small molecule inhibitors targeting menin-MLL fusion protein interaction have been emerging for the treatment of MLL-rearranged AML. As both inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and menin-MLL interaction target the transcription-regulatory machinery involving epigenetic regulation of chromatin remodeling that governs the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that these two classes of agents might interact to kill MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) AML cells. Here, we report that the combination treatment with subtoxic doses of the HDAC inhibitor chidamide and the menin-MLL interaction inhibitor MI-3 displayed a highly synergistic anti-tumor activity against human MLL-r AML cells in vitro and in vivo, but not those without this genetic aberration. Mechanistically, co-exposure to chidamide and MI-3 led to robust apoptosis in MLL-r AML cells, in association with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and a sharp increase in ROS generation. Combined treatment also disrupted DNA damage checkpoint at the level of CHK1 and CHK2 kinases, rather than their upstream kinases (ATR and ATM), as well as DNA repair likely via homologous recombination (HR), but not non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Genome-wide RNAseq revealed gene expression alterations involving several potential signaling pathways (e.g., cell cycle, DNA repair, MAPK, NF-κB) that might account for or contribute to the mechanisms of action underlying anti-leukemia activity of chidamide and MI-3 as a single agent and particularly in combination in MLL-r AML. Collectively, these findings provide a preclinical basis for further clinical investigation of this novel targeted strategy combining HDAC and Menin-MLL interaction inhibitors to improve therapeutic outcomes in a subset of patients with poor-prognostic MLL-r leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zha
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Delin Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fusheng Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhihong Fang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Laboratory of Cancer Precision Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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171
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Sokolowska M, Quesniaux VFJ, Akdis CA, Chung KF, Ryffel B, Togbe D. Acute Respiratory Barrier Disruption by Ozone Exposure in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2169. [PMID: 31608051 PMCID: PMC6758598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone exposure causes irritation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), inflammation of the airways, and destruction of alveoli (emphysema), the gas exchange area of the lung in human and mice. This review focuses on the acute disruption of the respiratory epithelial barrier in mice. A single high dose ozone exposure (1 ppm for 1 h) causes first a break of the bronchiolar epithelium within 2 h with leak of serum proteins in the broncho-alveolar space, disruption of epithelial tight junctions and cell death, which is followed at 6 h by ROS activation, AHR, myeloid cell recruitment, and remodeling. High ROS levels activate a novel PGAM5 phosphatase dependent cell-death pathway, called oxeiptosis. Bronchiolar cell wall damage and inflammation upon a single ozone exposure are reversible. However, chronic ozone exposure leads to progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar epithelial cells and alveoli with reduced gas exchange space known as emphysema. It is further associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis of the lung, resembling other environmental pollutants and cigarette smoke in pathogenesis of asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we review recent data on the mechanisms of ozone induced injury on the different cell types and pathways with a focus on the role of the IL-1 family cytokines and the related IL-33. The relation of chronic ozone exposure induced lung disease with asthma and COPD and the fact that ozone exacerbates asthma and COPD is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airways Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orléans, France.,ArtImmune SAS, Artinem, Orléans, France
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172
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Tourkochristou E, Aggeletopoulou I, Konstantakis C, Triantos C. Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4796-4804. [PMID: 31543674 PMCID: PMC6737309 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i33.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes which are responsible for the activation of inflammatory responses. Among various subtypes of inflammasomes, NLRP3 has been a subject of intensive investigation. NLRP3 is considered to be a sensor of microbial and other danger signals and plays a crucial role in mucosal immune responses, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The role of NLRP3 in IBD is not yet fully elucidated as it seems to demonstrate both pathogenic and protective effects. Studies have shown a relationship between genetic variants and mutations in NLRP3 gene with IBD pathogenesis. A complex interaction between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the mucosal immune response has been reported. Activation of the inflammasome is a key function mediated by the innate immune response and in parallel the signaling through IL-1β and IL-18 is implicated in adaptive immunity. Further research is needed to delineate the precise mechanisms of NLRP3 function in regulating immune responses. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream signaling will provide new insights into the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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173
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Viana-Huete V, Fuster JJ. Valor terapéutico potencial de las estrategias dirigidas contra la interleucina 1β en la enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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174
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Fan C, Lim LKP, Loh SQ, Ying Lim KY, Upton Z, Leavesley D. Application of “macromolecular crowding” in vitro to investigate the naphthoquinones shikonin, naphthazarin and related analogues for the treatment of dermal scars. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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175
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Amer NM, Taha MM, Ibrahim KS, Abdallah HM, El Tahlawy EM. Audiometric notch for the prediction of early occupational hearing loss and its association with the interleukin-1beta genotype. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2019; 14:289-294. [PMID: 31435419 PMCID: PMC6694999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a frequent and irreversible industrial-health problem, the early diagnosis of which can prevent hearing deterioration, especially of speech frequencies. This study aimed to assess hearing impairment in workers occupationally exposed to noise. Audiometric notches and IL-1β gene polymorphisms were evaluated. Methods The study included 98 workers employed in a textile factory. Pure-tone audiometric testing was conducted for all workers, using a manual pure-tone diagnostic audiometer, and the noise level was measured at four different work sites in a spinning section. IL-1β gene polymorphism was determined using PCR-RFLP methods. Results Workers were exposed to a mean noise level of 105.5 dB. As many as 27.6% of them complained of tinnitus and the majority suffered from some degree of hearing loss in either ear, but none of them exceeded 60 dB. Audiometric notches were detected in either one or both ears. Only 28.6% of workers showed the absence of notches. The TT genotype of IL-1β polymorphisms was dominant in 49% of the workers, whereas TC was predominant in 39.8% and CC in 11.2%. The CC genotype was associated with smoking (54.5%) and audiometric notches (100%). The IL-1β genotype distribution showed no significant difference with or without tinnitus. Conclusion This study showed an association between the CC genotype and smoking as well as audiometric notches in workers occupationally exposed to noise. Workers showing audiometric notches should be followed up regularly. Further studies are required to confirm the interrelationship amongst tinnitus, audiometric notches, and IL-1β genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagat M Amer
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona M Taha
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khadiga S Ibrahim
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba M Abdallah
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman M El Tahlawy
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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176
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Chen J, Liu F, Lee SA, Chen S, Zhou X, Ye P, Riordan SM, Liu L, Zhang L. Detection of IL-18 and IL-1β protein and mRNA in human oral epithelial cells induced by Campylobacter concisus strains. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:44-49. [PMID: 31400853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging bacterial pathogen that may play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and oral inflammatory conditions such as periodontal disease. To elucidate the role and pathogenic mechanisms of C. concisus in contributing to oral inflammation, this study examined the production of IL-1 family proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β in oral epithelial cells induced by C. concisus strains using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western-blot and quantitative real-time PCR. C. concisus increased the mRNA levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, a large amount of IL-18 in the supernatants of oral epithelial cells infected with C. concisus strains was detected by ELISA, and various experiments demonstrated that this positive signal was derived from C. concisus bacterium. The findings that C. concisus upregulated IL-18 and IL-1β in oral epithelial cells from this study support a role of C. concisus in oral inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, the finding that C. concisus released a molecule that was strongly cross-reactive to anti-human IL-18 monoclonal antibodies suggests that in future studies examining cytokines induced by bacterial microbes, a bacterium control should be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seul A Lee
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siying Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Institute of Dental Research, Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ping Ye
- Institute of Dental Research, Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen M Riordan
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, Prince of Wales Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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177
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Tsai CF, Chen JH, Yeh WL. Pulmonary fibroblasts-secreted CXCL10 polarizes alveolar macrophages under pro-inflammatory stimuli. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114698. [PMID: 31394157 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During acute lung injury, lung fibroblasts produce chemokines that assist the activation and migration of resident macrophages. The interactions between pulmonary fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages demonstrate the early event in the recruitment of immune cells, and the production of chemokines appear to be central mediators of the initiation and progression of inflammatory responses. In this study, the aim was to investigate the signaling pathway leading to CXCL10 secretion and the effects of CXCL10 released by activated fibroblasts on regulating macrophage polarization in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS The expression of chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL12, and the phosphorylation of signaling molecules STAT3, FAK, GSK3αβ and PKCδ were investigated by real time-PCR, ELISA, or Western blot on TNFα- or IL-1β-activated MRC-5 pulmonary fibroblasts. By collecting conditioned medium from TNFα-activated fibroblasts, the expression of iNOS and arginase I on MH-S alveolar macrophages were examined by real-time PCR. Surface markers CD86 and CD206 expressions on alveolar macrophages were also evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that CXCL10 production was significantly elevated on MRC-5 fibroblasts under TNFα- or IL-1β treatment. In addition, we revealed that TNFα and IL-1β initiated phosphorylation of STAT3, FAK, GSK3αβ and PKCδ signaling cascade, leading to the elevation of CXCL10 expression. Moreover, conditioned medium collected from TNFα-activated MRC-5 fibroblasts increased iNOS and CD86 expressions and decreased arginase I and CD206 expressions on MH-S alveolar macrophages, and neutralization of CXCL10 abolished these observed phenomena. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CXCL10 is crucial in activated fibroblasts-promoted M1 phenotype polarization of alveolar macrophages. In this regard, targeting fibroblasts-released CXCL10 may be promising as anti-inflammatory therapy against acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, No.500 Lioufeng Road, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 42743, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lan Yeh
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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178
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Rochman M, Azouz NP, Rothenberg ME. Epithelial origin of eosinophilic esophagitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 142:10-23. [PMID: 29980278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, allergen-driven inflammatory disease of the esophagus characterized predominantly by eosinophilic inflammation, leading to esophageal dysfunction. Converging data have placed the esophageal epithelium at the center of disease pathogenesis. In particular, the main EoE disease susceptibility loci at 2p23 and 5p22 encode for gene products that are produced by the esophageal epithelium: the intracellular protease calpain 14 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, respectively. Furthermore, genetic and functional data establish a primary role for impaired epithelial barrier function in disease susceptibility and pathoetiology. Additionally, the EoE transcriptome, a set of genes dysregulated in the esophagi of patients with EoE, is enriched in genes that encode for proteins involved in esophageal epithelial cell differentiation. This transcriptome has a high proportion of esophagus-specific epithelial genes that are notable for the unexpected enrichment in genes encoding for proteases and protease inhibitors, as well as in IL-1 family genes, demonstrating a previously unappreciated role for innate immunity responses in the esophagus under homeostatic conditions. Among these pathways, basal production of the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal-type 7 (SPINK7) has been demonstrated to be part of the normal differentiation program of esophageal epithelium. Profound lost expression of SPINK7 occurs in patients with EoE and is sufficient for unleashing increased proteolytic activity (including urokinase plasminogen activator), impaired barrier function, and production of large quantities of proinflammatory and proallergic cytokines, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Collectively, we put forth a model in which the esophagus is normally equipped as an anti-inflammatory sensing organ and that defects in this pathway, mediated by epithelial protease/protease inhibitor imbalances, unleash inflammatory responses resulting in disorders, such as EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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179
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Mezger M, Nording H, Sauter R, Graf T, Heim C, von Bubnoff N, Ensminger SM, Langer HF. Platelets and Immune Responses During Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31402914 PMCID: PMC6676797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mediating hemostatic functions, platelets are increasingly recognized as important players of inflammation. Data from experiments in mice and men revealed various intersection points between thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation, which are addressed and discussed in this review in detail. One such example is the intrinsic coagulation cascade that is initiated after platelet activation thereby further propagating and re-enforcing wound healing or thrombus formation but also contributing to the pathophysiology of severe diseases. FXII of the intrinsic pathway connects platelet activation with the coagulation cascade during immune reactions. It can activate the contact system thereby either creating an inflammatory state or accelerating inflammation. Recent insights into platelet biology could show that platelets are equipped with complement receptors. Platelets are important for tissue remodeling after injury has been inflicted to the endothelial barrier and to the subendothelial tissue. Thus, platelets are increasingly recognized as more than just cells relevant for bleeding arrest. Future insights into platelet biology are to be expected. This research will potentially offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention in diseases featuring platelet abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mezger
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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180
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McCulloch L, Allan SM, Emsley HC, Smith CJ, McColl BW. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in acute ischaemic stroke does not alter systemic markers of anti-microbial defence. F1000Res 2019; 8:1039. [PMID: 31700615 PMCID: PMC6820822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19308.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blockade of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a candidate treatment for stroke entering phase II/III trials, which acts by inhibiting harmful inflammatory responses. Infection is a common complication after stroke that significantly worsens outcome and is related to stroke-induced deficits in systemic immune function thought to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, immunomodulatory treatments for stroke, such as IL-1Ra, carry a risk of aggravating stroke-associated infection. Our primary objective was to determine if factors associated with antibody-mediated antibacterial defences were further compromised in patients treated with IL-1Ra after stroke. Methods: We assessed plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes and complement components in stroke patients treated with IL-1Ra or placebo and untreated non-stroke controls using multiplex protein assays. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was determined by measuring noradrenaline, a major SNS mediator. Results: There were significantly lower plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 in stroke-patients compared to non-stroke controls, however there were no differences between stroke patients treated with placebo or IL-1Ra. Concentrations of complement components associated with the classical pathway were increased and those associated with the alternative pathways decreased in stroke patients, neither being affected by treatment with IL-1Ra. Noradrenaline concentrations were increased after stroke in both placebo and IL-1Ra-treated stroke patients compared to non-stroke controls. Conclusion: These data show treatment with IL-1Ra after stroke does not alter circulating immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and is therefore unlikely to further aggravate stroke-associated infection susceptibility through altered availability of these key anti-microbial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hedley C. Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig J. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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181
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McCulloch L, Allan SM, Emsley HC, Smith CJ, McColl BW. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in acute ischaemic stroke does not alter systemic markers of anti-microbial defence. F1000Res 2019; 8:1039. [PMID: 31700615 PMCID: PMC6820822 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19308.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Blockade of the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a candidate treatment for stroke entering phase II/III trials, which acts by inhibiting harmful inflammatory responses. Infection is a common complication after stroke that significantly worsens outcome and is related to stroke-induced deficits in systemic immune function thought to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, immunomodulatory treatments for stroke, such as IL-1Ra, carry a risk of aggravating stroke-associated infection. Our primary objective was to determine if factors associated with antibody-mediated antibacterial defences were further compromised in patients treated with IL-1Ra after stroke. Methods: We assessed plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin isotypes and complement components in stroke patients treated with IL-1Ra or placebo and untreated non-stroke controls using multiplex protein assays. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was determined by measuring noradrenaline, a major SNS mediator. Results: There were significantly lower plasma concentrations of IgM, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 in stroke-patients compared to non-stroke controls, however there were no differences between stroke patients treated with placebo or IL-1Ra. Concentrations of complement components associated with the classical pathway were increased and those associated with the alternative pathways decreased in stroke patients, neither being affected by treatment with IL-1Ra. Noradrenaline concentrations were increased after stroke in both placebo and IL-1Ra-treated stroke patients compared to non-stroke controls. Conclusion: These data show treatment with IL-1Ra after stroke does not alter circulating immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and is therefore unlikely to further aggravate stroke-associated infection susceptibility through reduced availability of these key anti-microbial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stuart M. Allan
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hedley C. Emsley
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig J. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Greater Manchester Comprehensive Stroke Centre, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Barry W. McColl
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
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182
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Nitta ME, Savitz J, Nelson LD, Teague TK, Hoelzle JB, McCrea MA, Meier TB. Acute elevation of serum inflammatory markers predicts symptom recovery after concussion. Neurology 2019; 93:e497-e507. [PMID: 31270219 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that acute elevations in serum inflammatory markers predict symptom recovery after sport-related concussion (SRC). METHODS High school and collegiate football players (n = 857) were prospectively enrolled. Forty-one athletes with concussion and 43 matched control athletes met inclusion criteria. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, interferon-γ, and IL-1 receptor antagonist and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 3rd edition (SCAT3) symptom severity scores were collected at a preinjury baseline, 6 and 24-48 hours postinjury, and approximately 8, 15, and 45 days following concussion. The number of days that athletes were symptomatic following SRC (i.e., duration of symptoms) was the primary outcome variable. RESULTS IL-6 and IL-1RA were significantly elevated in athletes with concussion at 6 hours relative to preinjury and other postinjury visits, as well as compared to controls (ps ≤ 0.001). IL-6 and IL-1RA significantly discriminated concussed from control athletes at 6 hours postconcussion (IL-6 area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.92], IL-1RA AUC 0.79 [95% CI 0.67-0.90]). Further, IL-6 levels at 6 hours postconcussion were significantly associated with the duration of symptoms (hazard ratio for symptom recovery = 0.61 [95% CI 0.38-0.96], p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Results support the potential utility of IL-6 and IL-1RA as serum biomarkers of SRC and demonstrate the potential of these markers in identifying athletes at risk for prolonged recovery after SRC. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1RA 6 hours postconcussion significantly discriminated concussed from control athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Nitta
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - T Kent Teague
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - James B Hoelzle
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Michael A McCrea
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa
| | - Timothy B Meier
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.E.N., L.D.N., M.A.M., T.B.M.), Neurology (L.D.N., M.A.M.), Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy (T.B.M.), and Biomedical Engineering (T.B.M.), Medical College of Wisconsin; Department of Psychology (M.E.N., J.B.H.), Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; Laureate Institute for Brain Research (J.S.), Tulsa; Oxley College of Health Sciences (J.S.), The University of Tulsa; Departments of Surgery (T.K.T.) and Psychiatry (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (T.K.T.), University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology (T.K.T.), Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa.
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Ge J, Remesh SG, Hammel M, Pan S, Mahan AD, Wang S, Wang X. Functional Relevance of Interleukin-1 Receptor Inter-domain Flexibility for Cytokine Binding and Signaling. Structure 2019; 27:1296-1307.e5. [PMID: 31257107 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor family, whose members contain three immunoglobulin-like domains (D1-D3) in the extracellular region, is responsible for transmitting pleiotropic signals of IL-1 cytokines. The inter-domain flexibility of IL-1 receptors and its functional roles have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used small-angle X-ray scattering to show that ligand-binding primary receptors and co-receptors in the family all have inherent inter-domain flexibility due to the D2/D3 linker. Variants of the IL-1RAcP and IL-18Rβ co-receptors with mutated D2/D3 linkers cannot form a cytokine-receptor complex and mediate signaling. Our analysis further revealed that these mutated co-receptors exhibited a changed conformational ensemble, suggesting that loss of function is due to the alteration of receptor dynamics. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the D2/D3 linker is a critical functional determinant of IL-1 receptor and underscore the important roles of the inter-domain flexibility in cytokine/receptor binding and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwan Ge
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Soumya G Remesh
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Si Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Andrew D Mahan
- Janssen Bio Therapeutics, Janssen R&D, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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184
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McEntee CP, Finlay CM, Lavelle EC. Divergent Roles for the IL-1 Family in Gastrointestinal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1266. [PMID: 31231388 PMCID: PMC6568214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract are a major cause of morbidity and significant burden from a health and economic perspective in industrialized countries. While the incidence of such conditions has a strong environmental component, in particular dietary composition, epidemiological studies have identified specific hereditary mutations which result in disequilibrium between pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. The IL-1 super-family of cytokines and receptors is highly pleiotropic and plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of several auto-inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. However, the role of this super-family in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases remains incompletely resolved despite extensive research. Herein, we highlight the currently accepted paradigms as they pertain to specific IL-1 family members and focus on some recently described non-classical roles for these pathways in the gastrointestinal tract. Finally, we address some of the shortcomings and sources of variance in the field which to date have yielded several conflicting results from similar studies and discuss the potential effect of these factors on data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P McEntee
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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185
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Cao F, Hu LQ, Yao SR, Hu Y, Wang DG, Fan YG, Pan GX, Tao SS, Zhang Q, Pan HF, Wu GC. P2X7 receptor: A potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:767-777. [PMID: 31181327 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a distinct ligand-gated ion channel, is a member of purinergic type 2 receptor family with ubiquitous expression in human body. Previous studies have revealed a pivotal role of P2X7R in innate and adaptive immunity. Once activated, it will meditate some vital cascaded responses including the assembly of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, non-classical secretion of IL-1β, modulation of cytokine-independent pathways in inflammation such as P2X7R- transglutaminase-2 (TG2) and P2X7R-cathepsin pathway, activation and regulation of T cells, etc. In fact, above responses have been identified to be involved in the development of autoimmunity, specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome could promote inflammation in massive autoimmune diseases and TG2, as well as cathepsin may contribute to joint destruction and degeneration in inflammatory arthritis. Recently, numerous evidences further suggested the significance of P2X7R in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. In this review, we will succinctly discuss the biological characteristics and summarize the recent progress of the involvement of P2X7R in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as its clinical implications and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Qin Hu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shu-Ran Yao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Hu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Guang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Gui-Xia Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sha-Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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186
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Böni-Schnetzler M, Häuselmann SP, Dalmas E, Meier DT, Thienel C, Traub S, Schulze F, Steiger L, Dror E, Martin P, Herrera PL, Gabay C, Donath MY. β Cell-Specific Deletion of the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Impairs β Cell Proliferation and Insulin Secretion. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1774-1786. [PMID: 29444430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is elevated in the circulation during obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but is decreased in islets from patients with T2D. The protective role of local IL-1Ra was investigated in pancreatic islet β cell (βIL-1Ra)-specific versus myeloid-cell (myeloIL-1Ra)-specific IL-1Ra knockout (KO) mice. Deletion of IL-1Ra in β cells, but not in myeloid cells, resulted in diminished islet IL-1Ra expression. Myeloid cells were not the main source of circulating IL-1Ra in obesity. βIL-1Ra KO mice had impaired insulin secretion, reduced β cell proliferation, and decreased expression of islet proliferation genes, along with impaired glucose tolerance. The key cell-cycle regulator E2F1 partly reversed IL-1β-mediated inhibition of potassium channel Kir6.2 expression and rescued impaired insulin secretion in IL-1Ra knockout islets. Our findings provide evidence for the importance of β cell-derived IL-1Ra for the local defense of β cells to maintain normal function and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphanie P Häuselmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Constanze Thienel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shuyang Traub
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Steiger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Praxedis Martin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Centre Facultaire du Diabète, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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187
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Xu MM, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Activated T-effector seeds: cultivating atherosclerotic plaque through alternative activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1354-H1365. [PMID: 30925075 PMCID: PMC6620674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory pathology that precipitates substantial morbidity and mortality. Although initiated by physiological patterns of low and disturbed flow that differentially prime endothelial cells at sites of vessel branch points and curvature, the chronic, smoldering inflammation of atherosclerosis is accelerated by comorbidities involving inappropriate activation of the adaptive immune system, such as autoimmunity. The innate contributions to atherosclerosis, especially in the transition of monocyte to lipid-laden macrophage, are well established, but the mechanisms underpinning the infiltration, persistence, and effector dynamics of CD8 T cells in particular are not well understood. Adaptive immunity is centered on a classical cascade of antigen recognition and activation, costimulation, and effector cytokine secretion upon recall of antigen. However, chronic inflammation can generate alternative cues that supplant this behavior pattern and promote the retention and activation of peripherally activated T cells. Furthermore, the atherogenic foci that activated immune cell infiltrate are unique lipid-laden environments that offer a diverse array of stimuli, including those of survival, antigen hyporesponsiveness, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This review will focus on how known cardiovascular comorbidities may be influencing CD8 T-cell activation and how, once infiltrated within atherogenic foci, these T cells face a multitude of cues that skew the classical cascade of T-cell behavior, highlighting alternative modes of activation that may help contextualize associations of autoimmunity, viral infection, and immunotherapy with cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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188
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Smeriglio A, Denaro M, Mastracci L, Grillo F, Cornara L, Shirooie S, Nabavi SM, Trombetta D. Safety and efficacy of hydroxytyrosol-based formulation on skin inflammation: in vitro evaluation on reconstructed human epidermis model. Daru 2019; 27:283-293. [PMID: 31129807 PMCID: PMC6593001 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by an alteration of epidermal barrier function and onset of skin lesions, which range from mild erythema to severe lichenification. Treatment consists in hydration with possible use of topical or immunomodulatory corticosteroids, which, however sometimes showed side effects. Recently, the interest in natural compounds has grown significantly and among these, hydroxytyrosol (HT) plays a pivotal role due to its strong and well-known anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of Fenolia® Eudermal Cream 15 (HT-based formulation) on epidermal barrier impaired as consequence of skin injury. METHODS Whit this purpose, morphologic and structural as well as anti-inflammatory evaluations, after treatment with pro-inflammatory mediators (PBS 1 X and LPS) and HT-based formulation on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) were carried out by qualitative (hematoxylin/eosin- and immunostaining) and quantitative (MTT assay, IL-1α and IL-8 release by ELISA) techniques. Furthermore, HT absorption through the epidermal barrier was evaluated by RP-LC-DAD analysis. RESULTS A rise in the thickness of the epidermis as well as an appropriate maturation and protein expression (Loricrin, Fillagrin, E-Cadherin and Cytokeratins 5&6) were detected in treated RHE samples. In particular, the HT-based formulation was found to stimulate cell proliferation, as evidenced by the significant increase in Ki67 expression, which suggests the involvement of repair mechanisms, increasing epithelial regeneration and differentiation and improving the epidermal barrier effect. Furthermore, HT-based formulation showed a statistically significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing both IL-1α and IL-8 release by RHE tissues, greater than the reference drug dexamethasone. Finally, excellent transcutaneous absorption values were found for HT, demonstrating how this new formulation increases the availability of the bioactive compound. CONCLUSIONS In light of these results, Fenolia® Eudermal Cream 15 could be an effective agent to counteract atopic dermatitis. Graphical abstract Safety and efficacy of hydroxytyrosol-based formulation on skin inflammation: in vitro evaluation on reconstructed human epidermis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98166, Messina, ME, Italy.
- Fondazione Prof. A. Imbesi, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, Messina, ME, Italy.
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98166, Messina, ME, Italy
- Fondazione Prof. A. Imbesi, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti, 1, Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, GE, Italy
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Boulevard, Kermanshah, 6715847141, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Nosrati Alley, Sheikh Bahai South Avenue, Mollasadra St, Vanak Sq, Tehran, 1435916471, Iran
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, Viale SS. Annunziata, 98166, Messina, ME, Italy
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189
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Buhl AL, Wenzel J. Interleukin-36 in Infectious and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1162. [PMID: 31191535 PMCID: PMC6545975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-36 (IL-36) comprises to a cytokine family consisting of four isoforms IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36 Ra). These IL-36 cytokines, in turn, belong to the IL-1 superfamily. The IL-36 receptor (IL-1R6) is functional as a heterodimer formed of IL-1R6 and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ are regarded as pro-inflammatory ligands and IL-36 Ra as well as IL-38 as anti-inflammatory ligands of IL-1R6. IL-36 cytokines are mainly expressed on the barrier sites of the body e.g., bronchial, intestinal, and dermal epithelium. One of their most important biological functions is the bridging of innate and adaptive immune responses. A disturbed balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory branches easily leads to inflammation of the corresponding tissue. The most prominent example for an altered IL-36 expression is the spectrum of psoriasis. In addition to inflammatory dermatoses, IL-36 also seems to play a role in infectious dermatoses. Microbial triggers, especially Staphylococcus aureus infection, increase the production of pro-inflammatory IL-36 cytokines and initiate/promote the inflammation of skin lesions. Due to the discovery of IL-36 as an important immune mediator, it has already been possible to develop important diagnostic tools for dermatitis. Not only in the field of inflammatory skin diseases, but also in pulmonary and intestinal inflammation, there is evidence that IL-36 cytokines might have diagnostic and/or therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Buhl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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190
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Kim M, Kim JH, Jeong GJ, Park KY, Lee MK, Seo SJ. Particulate matter induces pro-inflammatory cytokines via phosphorylation of p38 MAPK possibly leading to dermal inflammaging. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:809-815. [PMID: 31001893 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is known to have harmful effects on human health. Epidemiological studies have suggested that PM exposure is related to skin diseases and extrinsic skin ageing. However, the mechanisms by which PM affects skin are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of PMs on epidermal inflammation and skin ageing using a co-culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF). SRM 1648a (pmA) and 1649b (pmB), which mainly comprise heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively, were used as reference PMs. Cytotoxic effects, activation of AhR, phosphorylation of p38 kinase and ROS generation were examined in PM-treated HaCaT cells. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by PMs was shown to be critically important for the increases in IL-1α and IL-1β expression. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP1 and COX2 were markedly increased in HDF cells co-cultured with PM-treated HaCaT cells. In conclusion, PMs induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes via the p38 MAPK pathway, and these interleukins increase the expression of MMP1 and COX2 in HDF cells. These results suggest that PMs trigger skin ageing via p38 MAPK activation and interleukin secretion in epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinJeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Guk Jin Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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191
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Cheng M, Lin J, Li C, Zhao W, Yang H, Lv L, Che C. Wedelolactone suppresses IL-1β maturation and neutrophil infiltration in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:17-22. [PMID: 31078922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wedelolactone, a chemical compound extracted from Wedelia calendulacea or Eclipta alba, has been reported to regulate key steps in inflammation. However, the effects of wedelolactone on fungal keratitis are not known. Hence, we aimed to characterize the impact of wedelolactone in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. METHODS Aspergillus fumigatus was used to establish an in vivo mouse model of fungal keratitis and an in vitro model of THP-1 macrophages. Mice and THP-1 macrophages were pre-treated with wedelolactone. Clinical evaluation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, neutrophil staining, western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to assess the effect of wedelolactone on A. fumigatus infection. Therapeutic effect of natamycin treatment with or without wedelolactone was measured via slit lamp microscopy. RESULTS We confirmed that wedelolactone attenuated the infiltration of neutrophils and decreased MPO level at earlier time points in mice with A. fumigatus keratitis. Pre-treatment with wedelolactone decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) maturation by inhibiting caspase-1 activity. Combined with natamycin, wedelolactone protected corneal transparency in mouse with fungal keratitis. CONCLUSION Present findings indicated that wedelolactone reduced host immune responses by attenuating neutrophil recruitment and IL-1β maturation in Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Wedelolactone combined with an antifungal medicine could be a potential therapy for reducing lesion severity in fungal keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Laixi Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenyi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Leyu Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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192
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Viana-Huete V, Fuster JJ. Potential Therapeutic Value of Interleukin 1b-targeted Strategies in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:760-766. [PMID: 31078457 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have unequivocally shown that cholesterol-lowering drugs decrease the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in an exceptionally wide range of individuals. Yet, even when treated optimally according to current standards, many individuals still experience life-threatening ischemic events. Emerging experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that persistent inflammation is a major driver of this residual risk, which has opened the door to the application of anti-inflammatory drugs for cardiovascular disease prevention. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of interleukin-1β, a key regulator of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque and the target of the first clinical trial to demonstrate that an anti-inflammatory drug can effectively reduce cardiovascular risk. We discuss the challenges faced by interleukin-1β inhibitors and other anti-inflammatory compounds in their translation to the clinical scenario, and identify other potential targets within this signaling pathway that hold promise in the cardiovascular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Viana-Huete
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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193
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Jing L, Kim S, Sun L, Wang L, Mildner E, Divaris K, Jiao Y, Offenbacher S. IL-37- and IL-35/IL-37-Producing Plasma Cells in Chronic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:813-821. [PMID: 31050915 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519847443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases and is induced by the interaction between oral microorganisms and the host immune system. Plasma cells are of special interest in chronic periodontitis (CP), as they represent ~50% of infiltrated immune cells in periodontal lesions. Plasma cells constitute the only known cell type capable of antibody production; however, recent evidence supports an emerging role for distinct sets of plasma cells in cytokine production. However, the presence of cytokine-producing plasma cells in CP is unknown. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect significantly elevated levels of IL-35 and IL-37 (2 recently identified anti-inflammatory cytokines) in CP gingival tissue as compared with healthy tissue. Remarkably, we demonstrate that CD138+ CD38+ plasma cells are the major immune cell type in CP gingival tissues and that these cells produce IL-35 and IL-37. We used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis to identify a subset of plasma cells with robust cytoplasmic expression of IL-37-we denote this subset as IL-37-producing plasma cells (CD138+CD38+PIL-37). Another subset of plasma cells coproduces IL-35 and IL-37 and is denoted as IL-37/IL-35-coproducing plasma cells (CD138+CD38+PIL-35/IL-37). We determined that these 2 plasma cell subsets are IgG+plasma cells. Moreover, we show that human recombinant IL-35 and IL-37 exhibit a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast formation in vitro (~78.9% and 97.7% inhibition in 300 ng/mL of IL-35 and IL-37, respectively, P < 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that PIL-37 and PIL-35/IL-37 exist as subsets of plasma cells in CP lesions and that these 2 new types of plasma cells may regulate periodontitis pathogenesis by inhibiting alveolar bone loss through directly blocking osteoclast formation. Importantly, these data suggest a novel role of plasma cells and offer potential new mechanistic and regulatory targets to be investigated in the context of periodontal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jing
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Kim
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Sun
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Wang
- 2 Curriculum in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E Mildner
- 3 Curriculum in Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Divaris
- 4 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,5 Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y Jiao
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,6 Curriculum in Doctor of Dental Surgery, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Offenbacher
- 1 Department of Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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194
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Contribution of Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Synovial Membrane to Knee Osteoarthritis Pain. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6390182. [PMID: 31049352 PMCID: PMC6462341 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6390182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in the adult population. Interestingly, there are patients with symptomatic OA displaying pain, while patients with asymptomatic OA that do not experience pain but show radiographic signs of joint damage. Pain is a complex experience integrating sensory, affective, and cognitive processes related to several peripheral and central nociceptive factors besides inflammation. During the last years, the role of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), other than the synovial membrane, has been investigated as a potential source of pain in OA. Interestingly, new findings suggest that IFP and synovial membrane might act as a functional unit in OA pathogenesis and pain. The present review discuss the role of IFP and synovial membrane in the development of OA, with a particular focus on pain onset and the possible involved mediators that may play a role in OA pathology and pain mechanisms. Inflammation of IFP and synovial membrane may drive peripheral and central sensitization in KOA. Since sensitization is associated with pain severity in knee OA and may potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic, persistent pain in knee OA, preventing sensitization would be a potentially effective and novel means of preventing worsening of pain in knee OA.
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195
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Sun Y, Ma J, Li D, Li P, Zhou X, Li Y, He Z, Qin L, Liang L, Luo X. Interleukin-10 inhibits interleukin-1β production and inflammasome activation of microglia in epileptic seizures. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:66. [PMID: 30922332 PMCID: PMC6437919 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are important for secreting chemical mediators of inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-1β secreted by glial cells support neuronal functions, but the related mechanisms remain vague. Our goal was to demonstrate the efficacy of IL-10 in suppressing IL-1β and in inflammasome activation in mice with epileptic seizure based on an epileptic-seizure mouse model. METHODS In this study, mice in which epileptic seizures were induced by administering picrotoxin (PTX) were used as a case group, and mice injected with saline were employed as the control group. The expression of nucleic acids, cytokines, or signaling pathways was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and Western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that IL-10 inhibits IL-1β production through two distinct mechanisms: (1) Treatment with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) results in IL-10 overexpression in microglia and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome activity, thus inhibiting caspase-1-related IL-1β maturation; (2) next, autocrine IL-10 was found to subsequently promote signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), reducing amounts of pro-IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that IL-10 is potentially effective in the treatment of inflammation encephalopathy, and suggest the potential usefulness of IL-10 for treating autoimmune or inflammatory ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiangjun Ma
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Pinggan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhanwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijun Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liyang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiangyang Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. .,Department of Pediatric, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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196
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Abu-Elsaad N, El-Karef A. Protection against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through targeting IL-18 and IL-1alpha by luteolin. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:688-694. [PMID: 31207429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is still a crosstalk so the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of different luteolin doses on an experimental model of NASH and to elucidate novel anti-inflammatory pathways underlying its effect. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats (200-220 g; n = 60) were used. Rats were fed a high carbohydrate/high fat diet (˜ 30% carbohydrate and 42% fat) daily for 12 weeks to induce NASH. Luteolin (10, 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) was administered as a suspension (10% w/v in 0.9% NaCl) using an oral gavage. Histopathological changes (necrosis, inflammation and steatosis) were evaluated. Biomarkers for liver function, lipid peroxidation, extracellular matrix deposition and anti-oxidant activity were measured. Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1α and IL-18 were measured. RESULTS Obtained results showed ability of luteolin to reduce activity of ALT and AST and to decrease levels of bilirubin, hyaluronic acid and malondialdehyde significantly (p < 0.05). Also, luteolin showed an anti-oxidant activity as indicated by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in reduced glutathione. Finally, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-18 levels was observed most notably in groups that received high doses of luteolin (50 and 100 mg/kg). CONCLUSIONS Luteolin can protect against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis through targeting the pro-inflammatory IL-1 and Il-18 pathways in addition to an antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Abu-Elsaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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197
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Wang YC, Weng GP, Liu JP, Li L, Cheng QH. Elevated serum IL-37 concentrations in patients with sepsis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14756. [PMID: 30855474 PMCID: PMC6417553 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the changes and significance of IL-37 in patients with sepsis.A total of 50 patients with sepsis between September 2016 and October 2017 at the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine were selected as the sepsis group, 30 age and sex-matched healthy controls were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-37 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on day 1 and day 7 of the sepsis patients.The levels of serum IL-37 in the sepsis group on day 1 [(39.13 ± 34.35)pg/mL] were significantly higher than that in the control group [(23.75 ± 2.52)pg/mL] with significant difference (P <.05). The levels of IL-37 in the sepsis group after treatment [(30.57 ± 11.01)pg/mL] on day 7 were obviously lower than that before treatment without statisticaly difference (P >.05). A correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum IL-37 and IL-1β were positively correlated.The level of IL-37 observed in sepsis was found to correlate with the severity of the inflammatory reaction. IL-37 could be an important cytokine in the control of sepsis by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Medical College, Shihezi University
| | - Qing-Hong Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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198
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The IKK-binding domain of NEMO is an irregular coiled coil with a dynamic binding interface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2950. [PMID: 30814588 PMCID: PMC6393490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NEMO is an essential component in the activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway and exerts its function by recruiting the IκB kinases (IKK) to the IKK complex. Inhibition of the NEMO/IKKs interaction is an attractive therapeutic paradigm for diseases related to NF-κB mis-regulation, but a difficult endeavor because of the extensive protein-protein interface. Here we report the high-resolution structure of the unbound IKKβ-binding domain of NEMO that will greatly facilitate the design of NEMO/IKK inhibitors. The structures of unbound NEMO show a closed conformation that partially occludes the three binding hot-spots and suggest a facile transition to an open state that can accommodate ligand binding. By fusing coiled-coil adaptors to the IKKβ-binding domain of NEMO, we succeeded in creating a protein with improved solution behavior, IKKβ-binding affinity and crystallization compatibility, which will enable the structural characterization of new NEMO/inhibitor complexes.
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199
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Yu L, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liang P, Wang L, Song C. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp4 induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression inhibiting viral replication in vitro. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1147-1157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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200
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Emtestam L, Sartorius K. Interleukin-36 cytokine family signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa. Br J Dermatol 2019; 178:591-592. [PMID: 29595232 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Emtestam
- Department of Dermatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Sartorius
- Department of Dermatology, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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