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Li Y, Zhao Z, Luo J, Jiang Y, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang L, Huang Q, Cao Y, Zhou P, Wu T, Pang J. Apigenin ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibiting URAT1 and GLUT9 and relieving renal fibrosis via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153585. [PMID: 34044255 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia (HUA) is characterized by abnormal serum uric acid (UA) levels and demonstrated to be involved in renal injury leading to hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). Apigenin (API), a flavonoid naturally present in tea, berries, fruits, and vegetables, exhibits various biological functions, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of API treatment in HN and to reveal its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The mice with HN were induced by potassium oxonate intraperitoneally and orally administered for two weeks. The effects of API on renal function, inflammation, fibrosis, and uric acid (UA) metabolism in mice with HN were evaluated. The effects of API on urate transporters were further examined in vitro. RESULTS The mice with HN exhibited abnormal renal urate excretion and renal dysfunction accompanied by increased renal inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, API reduced the levels of serum UA, serum creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and renal inflammatory factors in mice with HN. Besides, API ameliorated the renal fibrosis via Wnt/β-catenin pathway suppression. Furthermore, API potently promoted urinary UA excretion and inhibited renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in mice with HN. In vitro, API competitively inhibited URAT1 and GLUT9 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 0.64 ± 0.14 μM and 2.63 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS API could effectively attenuate HN through co-inhibiting UA reabsorption and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and thus it might be a potential therapy to HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Leqi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Pingzheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianxin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Qin Y, Hu X, Fan W, Yan J, Cheng S, Liu Y, Huang W. A Stretchable Scaffold with Electrochemical Sensing for 3D Culture, Mechanical Loading, and Real-Time Monitoring of Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003738. [PMID: 34047055 PMCID: PMC8327466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the field of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture and tissue engineering, great advance focusing on functionalized materials and desirable culture systems has been made to mimic the natural environment of cells in vivo. Mechanical loading is one of the critical factors that affect cell/tissue behaviors and metabolic activities, but the reported models or detection methods offer little direct and real-time information about mechanically induced cell responses. Herein, for the first time, a stretchable and multifunctional platform integrating 3D cell culture, mechanical loading, and electrochemical sensing is developed by immobilization of biomimetic peptide linked gold nanotubes on porous and elastic polydimethylsiloxane. The 3D scaffold demonstrates very good compatibility, excellent stretchability, and stable electrochemical sensing performance. This allows mimicking the articular cartilage and investigating its mechanotransduction by 3D culture, mechanical stretching of chondrocytes, and synchronously real-time monitoring of stretch-induced signaling molecules. The results disclose a previously unclear mechanotransduction pathway in chondrocytes that mechanical loading can rapidly activate nitric oxide signaling within seconds. This indicates the promising potential of the stretchable 3D sensing in exploring the mechanotransduction in 3D cellular systems and engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Xue‐Bo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro‐Bioresources in Dabie MountainsXinyang Normal UniversityXinyang464000China
| | - Wen‐Ting Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Jing Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Shi‐Bo Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yan‐Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
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153
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Elhassan MG, Chao PW, Curiel A. The Conundrum of Volume Status Assessment: Revisiting Current and Future Tools Available for Physicians at the Bedside. Cureus 2021; 13:e15253. [PMID: 34188992 PMCID: PMC8231469 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of patients’ volume status at the bedside is a very important clinical skill that physicians need in many clinical scenarios. Hypovolemia with hypotension and tissue under-perfusion are usually more alarming to physicians, but hypervolemia is also associated with poor outcomes, making euvolemia a crucial goal in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the assessment of volume status can be challenging, especially in the absence of a gold standard test that is reliable and easily accessible to assist with clinical decision-making. Physicians need to have a broad knowledge of the individual non-invasive clinical tools available for them at the bedside to evaluate volume status. In this review, we will discuss the strengths and limitations of the traditional tools, which include careful history taking, physical examination, and basic laboratory tests, and also include the relatively new tool of point-of-care ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter W Chao
- Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, USA
| | - Argenis Curiel
- Internal Medicine, Saint Agnes Medical Center, Fresno, USA
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154
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Determination of Uric Acid in Artificial Saliva with Compact AMP3291 Reader and Au Nanoparticles Modified Electrode. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9040073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is a residual product of purines in the body and has been proposed as a valuable biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus, renal disorder, hypertension and preeclampsia. This work presents a sensing platform for nonenzymatic UA detection using a screen-printed electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (SPE-AuNps) operated with the compact and low-cost amperometric reader AMP3291. This laboratory-made instrument was designed using the analog front end LMP91000 and the microcontroller ESP32; the operational parameters like working potential, acquisition time and dynamic measuring range were configured for UA detection. The whole sensing system (AMP3291+ SPE-AuNps) was evaluated for nonenzymatic sensing of UA, showing a fast response time of 3.5 s, a sensitivity of 0.022 μA·μM−1, a linear range from 20 to 200 μM (R2 = 0.993) and a limit of detection of 11.91 μM. Throughout, a piece of commercial equipment was used for validation and noticeably the measurements with the AMP3291-based platform showed improved performance, indicating the feasibility of the developed instrument for UA monitoring and potentially for in situ decentralized applications. Finally, artificial saliva was used as model medium exhibiting interesting analytical parameters, encouraging to consider the reported system as a potentially valuable tool for monitoring UA for clinical applications in resource-limited settings.
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155
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Liu L, Zhao J, Zhang R, Wang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Feng R. Serum untargeted metabolomics delineates the metabolic status in different subtypes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 200:114058. [PMID: 33865049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify novel serum metabolites associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore the metabolic discrepancies between Lean-NAFLD and Obese-NAFLD. METHODS Serum samples from patients with NAFLD (n = 161) and healthy participants (n = 149) were collected, and metabolites were analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF MS/MS. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the metabolic differences among Lean-NAFLD, Obese-NAFLD and healthy controls RESULTS: A total of 24 differentially present metabolites were found between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls. Marked metabolic pathway differences were observed among the NAFLD subtypes, including in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Ultimately, five metabolites (prasterone, indoxylsulfuric acid, sebacic acid, arachidonic acid and pregnenolone sulfate) were used to establish a diagnostic model to distinguish patients with NAFLD regardless of Lean- or Obese-NAFLD type. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that significant metabolic differences existed among subtypes of NAFLD, and our model might be useful to distinguish patients with NAFLD. These findings may lay a foundation for the detection and treatment of NAFLD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Runan Zhang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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156
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Ding X, Peng C, Li S, Li M, Li X, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang X, Li J, wu J. Chicken serum uric acid level is regulated by glucose transporter 9. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:670-679. [PMID: 32810934 PMCID: PMC7961270 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) is a uric acid transporter that is associated with uric absorption in mice and humans; but it is unknown whether GLUT9 involves in chicken uric acid regulation. This experiment aimed to investigate the chicken GLUT9 expression and serum uric acid (SUA) level.Methods: Sixty chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15): a control group (NC); a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fishmeal group (FM) supplemented with 16% fishmeal in diet; and a uric acid-injection group (IU), where uric acid (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. The serum was collected weekly to detect the SUA level. Liver, kidney, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression.Results: The results showed in the SD and IU groups, the SUA level increased and GLUT9 expression increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney, jejunum, and ileum. In the FM group, the SUA level decreased slightly and GLUT9 expression increased in the kidney, but decreased in the liver, jejunum, and ileum. Correlation analysis revealed that liver GLUT9 expression correlated positively, and renal GLUT9 expression correlated negatively with the SUA level.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that there may be a feedback regulation of GLUT9 in the chicken liver and kidney to maintain the SUA balance; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated in future studies.
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157
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Hypoxia and oxidative stress induce sterile placental inflammation in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7281. [PMID: 33790316 PMCID: PMC8012380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth are associated with placental dysfunction and inflammation and hypoxia, oxidative and nitrative stress are implicated in placental damage. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are elevated in pregnancies at increased risk of FGR and stillbirth and are associated with increase in pro-inflammatory placental cytokines. We hypothesised that placental insults lead to release of DAMPs, promoting placental inflammation. Placental tissue from uncomplicated pregnancies was exposed in vitro to hypoxia, oxidative or nitrative stress. Tissue production and release of DAMPs and cytokines was determined. Oxidative stress and hypoxia caused differential release of DAMPs including uric acid, HMGB1, S100A8, cell-free fetal DNA, S100A12 and HSP70. After oxidative stress pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα, CCL2) were increased both within explants and in conditioned culture medium. Hypoxia increased tissue IL-1α/β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα levels, and release of IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-8, whereas CCL2 and IL-10 were reduced. IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) treatment prevented hypoxia- and oxidative stress-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release. These findings provide evidence that relevant stressors induce a sterile inflammatory profile in placental tissue which can be partially blocked by IL1Ra suggesting this agent has translational potential to prevent placental inflammation evident in FGR and stillbirth.
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158
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Shibuya S, Watanabe K, Ozawa Y, Shimizu T. Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Mediated Superoxide Production Is Not Involved in the Age-Related Pathologies in Sod1-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3542. [PMID: 33805516 PMCID: PMC8037342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism is regulated by the oxygen-mediated enzyme reaction and antioxidant mechanism within cells under physiological conditions. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) exhibits two inter-convertible forms (xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH)), depending on the substrates. XO uses oxygen as a substrate and generates superoxide (O2•-) in the catalytic pathway of hypoxanthine. We previously showed that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) loss induced various aging-like pathologies via oxidative damage due to the accumulation of O2•- in mice. However, the pathological contribution of XO-derived O2•- production to aging-like tissue damage induced by SOD1 loss remains unclear. To investigate the pathological significance of O2•- derived from XOR in Sod1-/- mice, we generated Sod1-null and XO-type- or XDH-type-knock-in (KI) double-mutant mice. Neither XO-type- nor XDH-type KI mutants altered aging-like phenotypes, such as anemia, fatty liver, muscle atrophy, and bone loss, in Sod1-/- mice. Furthermore, allopurinol, an XO inhibitor, or apocynin, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, failed to improve aging-like tissue degeneration and ROS accumulation in Sod1-/- mice. These results showed that XOR-mediated O2•- production is relatively uninvolved in the age-related pathologies in Sod1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Shibuya
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Aging Stress Response Research Project Team, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; (S.S.); (K.W.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Geriatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
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159
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Impact of uric acid on liver injury and intestinal permeability following resuscitated hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 89:1076-1084. [PMID: 33231951 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiorgan failure is a consequence of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury after traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HS), a major cause of mortality in trauma patients. Circulating uric acid (UA), released from cell lysis, is known to activate proinflammatory and proapoptotic pathways and has been associated with poor clinical outcomes among critically ill patients. Our group has recently shown a mediator role for UA in kidney and lung injury, but its role in liver and enteric damage after HS remains undefined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of UA on liver and enteric injury after resuscitated HS. METHODS A murine model of resuscitated HS was treated during resuscitation with a recombinant uricase, a urate oxidase enzyme (rasburicase; Sanofi-Aventis, Canada Inc, Laval, Canada), to metabolize and reduce circulating UA. Biochemical analyses (liver enzymes, liver apoptotic, and inflammatory markers) were performed at 24 hours and 72 hours after HS. Physiological testing for enteric permeability and gut bacterial product translocation measurement (plasma endotoxin) were performed 72 hours after HS. In vitro, HT-29 cells were exposed to UA, and the expression of intercellular adhesion proteins (ZO-1, E-cadherin) was measured to evaluate the influence of UA on enteric permeability. RESULTS The addition of uricase to resuscitation significantly reduced circulating and liver UA levels after HS. It also prevented HS-induced hepatolysis and liver apoptotic/inflammatory mediators at 24 hours and 72 hours. Hemorrhagic shock-induced enteric hyperpermeability and endotoxemia were prevented with uricase. CONCLUSIONS After resuscitated HS, UA is an important mediator in liver and enteric injury. Uric acid represents a therapeutic target to minimize organ damage in polytrauma patients sustaining HS.
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160
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Chávez‐Reyes J, Hernández‐Cuellar E, González‐Ponce HA, Rodríguez MG. Growth Kinetics Analysis and Morphological Characterization by Electron Microscopy of Anhydrous Uric Acid Crystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chávez‐Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología Centro de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes Ags 20131 México
| | - Eduardo Hernández‐Cuellar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología Centro de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes Ags 20131 México
| | - Herson A. González‐Ponce
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería y Tecnología del Agua Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Ags 20256 México
| | - Martín Gerardo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología Centro de Ciencias Básicas Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Ciudad Universitaria Aguascalientes Ags 20131 México
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161
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Liu YN, Luo H, Che X, Peng H, Li M, Liu KX. Uric acid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:74-80. [PMID: 33657404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Liu
- Nursing School, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China; School of Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Luo
- School of Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nursing School, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, Hunan, China.
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Central Hospital of Shaoyang, Shaoyang 422000, China.
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Abstract
Hyperuricemia is associated with insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and consequently with development of type 2 diabetes. Although a direct relationship between high levels of uric acid (UA) and the development of diabetes is still a controversial issue, there is some evidence that strongly points to pancreatic β-cells damage as a result of high serum UA levels. Here, the mechanisms underlying UA-induced β-cell damage are discussed. Available literature indicates that UA can decrease glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and cause β-cell death. The mechanisms underlying these effects are UA-induced oxidative stress and inflammation within the β-cells. UA also stimulates inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) gene expression leading to NO-induced β-cell dysfunction. Thus hyperuricemia may potentially cause β-cell dysfunction, leading to diabetes. It may be hypothesized that in hyperuricemic subjects, UA-lowering drugs may be beneficial in preventing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, No. 24, Parvaneh Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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163
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Bassiouni SARAK, El Adalany MA, Abdelsalam M, Gharbia OM. Association of serum uric acid with clinical and radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis in non-gouty patients. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43166-020-00055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A growing body of evidence suggested that uric acid (UA) may contribute in the pathways underlying osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis; however, studies that investigated the relationship between UA and OA emerged inconclusive results. The purpose of the study was to explore the association of serum uric acid (sUA) levels with clinical severity, radiological severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) based on Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system, and MRI changes in non-gouty patients.
Results
WOMAC scores: pain, stiffness, function, and total score are significantly higher in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.004, p = 0.019, p = 0.018, p = 0.008 respectively). Joint space width (JSW) is significantly narrower in H-sUA group than L-sUA group (p = 0.013). H-sUA group had more frequent KL grade 4 (p < 0.001), osteophytes grade 4 (p < 0.001), focal bone erosion (p < 0.001), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.023), and synovitis (p = 0.011) than L-sUA group. Female KOA patients in H-sUA group had significantly higher pain, stiffness, and function and total WOMAC scores than L-sUA group (p = 0.003, p = 0.015, p = 0.008, p = 0.004), more frequently had KL grade 4 and osteophytes grade 4 (p = 0.003, p < 0.001), significantly narrower JSW (p = 0.016), more frequently show focal bone erosion (p = 0.002), bone marrow lesions (p = 0.019), and synovitis (p = 0.004) than L-sUA group. In regression analysis, female sex (p = 0.035), duration of KOA (p = 0.031), and sUA level (p = 0.025) were associated with KL severity. For female patients with KOA, KL severity is associated with duration of KOA (p = 0.045) and sUA (p = 0.009).
Conclusion
Higher sUA level is associated with higher clinical severity, higher radiographic KL grades, and more frequent MRI findings in patients with primary KOA patients. Our results also indicated that sUA level was significantly associated with KOA severity in female patients, but not in male patients. More studies are warranted to explore whether the two conditions exist simultaneously or there is a direct causal relationship between the two conditions.
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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165
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Wang J, Chen Y, Zhong H, Chen F, Regenstein J, Hu X, Cai L, Feng F. The gut microbiota as a target to control hyperuricemia pathogenesis: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3979-3989. [PMID: 33480266 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1874287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal uric acid (UA) metabolism, which is a complex physiological process involving multiple organs (liver, kidney, and intestine). Although UA metabolism in the liver and kidneys has been elucidated, only a few studies have focused on the process in the intestine. With our growing knowledge of the effects of gut microorganisms on health, the gut microbiota has been identified as a new target for HUA treatment. In this review, the relationship between HUA and the gut microbiota is elucidated, and anti-hyperuricemia mechanisms targeting the intestine are discussed, such as the promotion of purine and UA catabolism by the gut microbiota, increases in UA excretion by the gut microbiota and its metabolites, regulation of UA absorption or secretion in the intestinal tract by certain transporters, and the intestinal inflammatory response to the gut microbiota. Additionally, probiotics (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli) and prebiotics (polyphenols, peptides, and phytochemicals) with UA-lowering effects targeting the intestinal tract are summarized, providing reference and guidance for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Beijing, China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Joe Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Luyun Cai
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.,College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Beijing, China
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166
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Li R, Liang H, Zhu M, Lai M, Wang S, Zhang H, Ye H, Zhu R, Zhang W. Electrochemical dual signal sensing platform for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, uric acid and glucose based on copper and cerium bimetallic carbon nanocomposites. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 139:107745. [PMID: 33524654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous dual signal determination of dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA) and glucose (Glu) has been obtained using nanocomposites based on the copper and cerium bimetallic nanoparticles and carbon nanomaterials of graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of Tween 20 (GR-SWCNT-Ce-Cu-Tween 20) modified glassy carbon electrode. The surface morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the electrochemical behavior of the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with potassium ferricyanide as probe. In the coexistence system of DA, UA and Glu, three clear and well-isolated voltammetric peaks were obtained by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and oxidation peak currents of DA and UA are positively correlated with their concentrations respectively, while the peak current of Glu is negatively correlated with its concentration. Linearity was obtained in the ranges of 0.1-100 µM for dopamine, 0.08-100 µM for uric acid and 1-1000 µM for glucose with DPV, and the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.0072 µM, 0.0063 µM, and 0.095 µM for DA, UA and Glu, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of DA, UA and Glu in blood serum samples, which provided a reference for further sensor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huanru Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Mingfang Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Mushen Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shumei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongwu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Hongqing Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongkun Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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167
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Park J, Kim Y. Associations of Blood Heavy Metals with Uric Acid in the Korean General Population: Analysis of Data from the 2016-2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:102-112. [PMID: 32342340 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that blood heavy metal levels such as lead, cadmium, and mercury were associated with uric acid level and hyperuricemia, and that this association remains significant after adjustment for other metals. We tested this hypothesis using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multiple linear regression, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated using logistic regression in the cross-sectional study design. Relative to women, men had a higher geometric mean (GM) of lead (1.95 vs. 1.50 μg/dL) and mercury (3.94 vs. 2.77 μg/L), a lower GM of cadmium (0.80 vs. 1.04 μg/L), and a higher arithmetic mean (AM) of uric acid (5.84 vs. 4.40 mg/dL). Women had significant positive associations of log uric acid level with doubling of lead and mercury, and negative association with cadmium. Logistic regression analysis indicated the inverse association of serum hyperuricemia with doubling of blood metals was only significant for cadmium in women (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.463 to 0.886) and the associations of serum hyperuricemia in the highest versus lowest quartiles of heavy metals were only significant for cadmium in women (OR = 0.495, 95% CI = 0.246 to 0.998). For both genders, age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) had negative associations with uric acid, but hypertension and triglycerides had positive associations with uric acid. In conclusion, blood lead and mercury levels were positively associated with uric acid level, but blood cadmium level was inversely associated with uric acid level and hyperuricemia in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Yangho Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, # 290-3 Cheonha-dong, Dong-gu, Ulsan, 44033, South Korea.
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Borovcanin MM, Janicijevic SM, Mijailovic NR, Jovanovic IP, Arsenijevic NN, Vesic K. Uric Acid Potential Role in Systemic Inflammation and Negative Symptoms After Acute Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:822579. [PMID: 35237183 PMCID: PMC8882684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.822579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) has been shown to have neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties, in relation to specific tissues and diseases that have been studied. Previous studies provided contradictory results on the role of UA in schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative disorder. The aim of this brief report was an additional analysis of UA sera levels in different phases of schizophrenia. Here, 86 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) vs. 45 patients with schizophrenia in relapse (SC in relapse) vs. 35 healthy control subjects (HC) were studied before and 1 month after antipsychotic therapy. Further, we aimed to explore the possible correlation of UA with scores presenting clinical features and with serum concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. When comparing the data between all three groups, we did not find significant differences in UA levels, either before or after the applied therapy. Also, comparing sera concentrations of UA in every single group, the analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between FEP patients, but statistically, a significant difference was found in SC in relapse before and after treatment (334.71 ± 116.84 vs. 289.37 ± 109.15 μmol/L, p = 0.05). Uric acid serum levels correlated with negative sub-score (p = 0.001, r = 0.306), general sub-score (p = 0.015, r = 0.236), and total PANSS score (p = 0.009, r = 0.3) after 1 month of therapy. We have established a statistically significant positive correlation between serum concentrations of UA and IL-6 in exacerbation (p = 0.01, r = 0.220) and with IL-17 after treatment and in the stabilization of psychosis (p = 0.01, r = 0.34), suggesting potential cascades in different phases of schizophrenia that potentiate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slavica Minic Janicijevic
- Doctor of Philosophy Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natasa R Mijailovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa N Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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169
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Wei X, Fu B, Chen X, Chen W, Wang Z, Yu D, Jiang G, Chen J. U-Shaped Association Between Serum Uric Acid and Short-Term Mortality in Patients With Infective Endocarditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:750818. [PMID: 34795640 PMCID: PMC8593231 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased uric acid (UA) levels have been reported to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in several conditions. However, the prognostic value of UA in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) is yet unknown. METHODS A total of 1,117 patients with IE were included and divided into two groups according to the current definition of hyperuricemia (UA>420 μmol/L in men and >360 μmol/L in women): hyperuricemia group (n=336) and normouricemia group (n=781). The association between the UA level and short-term outcomes were examined. RESULTS The in-hospital mortality was 6.2% (69/1117). Patients with hyperuricemia carried a higher risk of in-hospital death (9.8% vs. 4.6%, p=0.001). Hyperuricemia was not an independent risk factor for in-hospital death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-4.02, p=0.084). A U-shaped relationship was found between the UA level and in-hospital death (p<0.001). The in-hospital mortality was lower in patients with UA in the range 250-400 μmol/L. The aOR of in-hospital death in patients with UA>400 and <250 μmol/L was 3.48 (95% CI: 1.38-8.80, p=0.008) and 3.28 (95%CI: 1.27-8.51, p=0.015), respectively. Furthermore, UA>400 μmol/L (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=3.54, 95%CI: 1.77-7.07, p<0.001) and <250 μmol/L (aHR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.03-4.80, p=0.041) were independent risk factors for the 6-month mortality. CONCLUSION The previous definition of hyperuricemia was not suitable for risk assessment in patients with IE because of the U-shaped relationship between UA levels and in-hospital death. Low and high levels of UA were predictive of increased short-term mortality in IE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebiao Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingqi Fu
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - WeiTao Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyan Chen, ; Danqing Yu, ; Guozhi Jiang,
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyan Chen, ; Danqing Yu, ; Guozhi Jiang,
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyan Chen, ; Danqing Yu, ; Guozhi Jiang,
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170
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Goldoni R, Farronato M, Connelly ST, Tartaglia GM, Yeo WH. Recent advances in graphene-based nanobiosensors for salivary biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 33096432 PMCID: PMC7666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As biosensing research is rapidly advancing due to significant developments in materials, chemistry, and electronics, researchers strive to build cutting-edge biomedical devices capable of detecting health-monitoring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors using nanomaterials are highly promising because of the wide detection range, fast response time, system miniaturization, and enhanced sensitivity. In the recent development of biosensors and electronics, graphene has rapidly gained popularity due to its superior electrical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. For biomarker detection, human saliva offers easy access with a large variety of analytes, making it a promising candidate for its use in point-of-care (POC) devices. Here, we report a comprehensive review that summarizes the most recent graphene-based nanobiosensors and oral bioelectronics for salivary biomarker detection. We discuss the details of structural designs of graphene electronics, use cases of salivary biomarkers, the performance of existing sensors, and applications in health monitoring. This review also describes current challenges in materials and systems and future directions of the graphene bioelectronics for clinical POC applications. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is to deliver an extensive review of the graphene-enabled biosensors and oral electronics and their successful applications in human salivary biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Thaddeus Connelly
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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171
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Tian T, Wang Y, Xie W, Zhang J, Zhu Q, Peng X, Zhou Y, Dai Y. Associations of Serum Uric Acid with Clustering of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and a 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score in Jiangsu Adults, China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3447-3460. [PMID: 34349538 PMCID: PMC8326528 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s323917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and Chinese characteristic 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score has not been well evaluated in Chinese populations. Aims of this cross-sectional study were to describe the correlation between SUA level and clustering of prevalent cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) including overweight, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, as well as the Chinese 10-year ASCVD risk score in adults from Jiangsu Province located in Eastern China. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 7700 adults from 12 cities in Jiangsu Province were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method in 2015. Face-to-face interviews, physical examinations and laboratory examinations were carried out to collect the information of the participants. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between SUA quartiles and various CVD risk factors. The nonlinear analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between SUA levels and the China-PAR 10-year ASCVD risk scores. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.3% in all of the participants. By adjusting potential confounders, significant correlations were found between the SUA level and the overweight, central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia in both males and females. The clustering of CRFs was different across SUA quantiles (χ 2=607.685, P<0.001). After Gamma trend test (P < 0.001) and ordered logistic regression analysis, it was found out that with the increase of SUA quantiles, prevalent CRFs gradually gathered in both males and females. Furthermore, sex-specific difference was identified between SUA and 10-year ASCVD risk scores. CONCLUSION The accumulation of CRFs increased with elevated SUA levels, whereas it was different between genders in the relationship between SUA and 10-year ASCVD risk scores. Tailored strategies should be taken when it came to males and females in managing SUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Tian
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Peng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Zhou
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yonglin Zhou; Yue Dai Email ;
| | - Yue Dai
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China
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Saito Y, Tanaka A, Node K, Kobayashi Y. Uric acid and cardiovascular disease: A clinical review. J Cardiol 2020; 78:51-57. [PMID: 33388217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid, the end-product of purine metabolism in humans, is not only a cause of gout, but also may play roles in developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular death. Several clinical investigations have reported serum uric acid as a predictive marker for cardiovascular outcomes. Although the causal relationship of hyperuricemia to cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, there has been a growing interest in uric acid because of the increased prevalence of hyperuricemia worldwide. This review article summarizes current evidence concerning the relation between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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173
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Whole Blood Metabolomics in Aging Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010175. [PMID: 33375345 PMCID: PMC7796096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity is observed in the wave of global aging because it is a complex biological process exhibiting individual variability. To assess aging physiologically, markers for biological aging are required in addition to the calendar age. From a metabolic perspective, the aging hypothesis includes the mitochondrial hypothesis and the calorie restriction (CR) hypothesis. In experimental models, several compounds or metabolites exert similar lifespan-extending effects, like CR. However, little is known about whether these metabolic modulations are applicable to human longevity, as human aging is greatly affected by a variety of factors, including lifestyle, genetic or epigenetic factors, exposure to stress, diet, and social environment. A comprehensive analysis of the human blood metabolome captures complex changes with individual differences. Moreover, a non-targeted analysis of the whole blood metabolome discloses unexpected aspects of human biology. By using such approaches, markers for aging or aging-relevant conditions were identified. This information should prove valuable for future diagnosis or clinical interventions in diseases relevant to aging.
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Cortese F, Scicchitano P, Cortese AM, Meliota G, Andriani A, Truncellito L, Calculli G, Giordano P, Ciccone MM. Uric Acid in Metabolic and Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:610-618. [PMID: 31845632 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666191217123930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies showed a close link between metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cerebrovascular diseases. There is considerable debate regarding the role of uric acid (UA) as a risk factor in these conditions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the links between UA, MetS, T2DM and cerebrovascular disease. METHODS An extensive review has been conducted based on the scientific literature published in English, and indexed in MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and Google Scholar from January to May 2019. Additional relevant studies published after the initial review were also considered during the period of June 2019-October 2019, during which, this manuscript was written. The Mesh Terms considered were: uric acid, antioxidant, oxidant, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, neurocognitive disorders, and their combinations. RESULTS The literature review shows a dose-dependent inflammatory action of UA, which occurs with serum concentrations >4 mg/dl (>0.24 mmol/l), representing one of the contributors to the chronic inflammatory process that underlies metabolic and cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION UA, which is associated with arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, represents one of the indicators of oxidative homeostasis. Increasing concentrations represent a status of active inflammation which is observed with metabolic and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giovanni Meliota
- Cardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Andriani
- Cardiology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, Policoro (MT), Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Giordano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Pediatric Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco M Ciccone
- Cardiovascular Disease Section, Department of Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Mrug S, Orihuela C, Rahn E, Mudano A, Foster J, Saag K, Gaffo A. Depressive Symptoms and the Effectiveness of a Urate‐Lowering Therapy in a Clinical Trial. ACR Open Rheumatol 2020; 2:710-714. [PMID: 33216463 PMCID: PMC7738799 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelo Gaffo
- University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham Alabama
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Specific Antibodies and Arachidonic Acid Mediate the Protection Induced by the Schistosoma mansoni Cysteine Peptidase-Based Vaccine in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040682. [PMID: 33207535 PMCID: PMC7712720 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have documented the reproducible and considerable efficacy of the cysteine peptidase-based schistosomiasis vaccine in the protection of mice and hamsters against infection with Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosomahaematobium, respectively. Here, we attempt to identify and define the protection mechanism(s) of the vaccine in the outbred CD-1 mice-S. mansoni model. Mice were percutaneously exposed to S. mansoni cercariae following immunization twice with 0 or 10 μg S. mansoni recombinant cathepsin B1 (SmCB1) or L3 (SmCL3). They were examined at specified intervals post infection (pi) for the level of serum antibodies, uric acid, which amplifies type 2 immune responses and is an anti-oxidant, lipids, in particular, arachidonic acid (ARA), which is an endoschistosomicide and ovocide, as well as uric acid and ARA in the lung and liver. Memory IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies to the cysteine peptidase immunogen were detectable at and following day 17 pi. Serum, lung, and liver uric acid levels in immunized mice were higher than in naïve and unimmunized mice, likely as a consequence of cysteine peptidase-mediated catabolic activity. Increased circulating uric acid in cysteine peptidase-immunized mice was associated with elevation in the amount of ARA in lung and liver at every test interval, and in serum starting at day 17 pi. Together, the results suggest the collaboration of humoral antibodies and ARA schistosomicidal potential in the attrition of challenge S. mansoni (p < 0.0005) at the liver stage, and ARA direct parasite egg killing (p < 0.005). The anti-oxidant and reactive oxygen species-scavenger properties of uric acid may be responsible for the cysteine peptidase vaccine protection ceiling. This article represents a step towards clarifying the protection mechanism of the cysteine peptidase-based schistosomiasis vaccine.
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Stack AG, Dronamraju N, Parkinson J, Johansson S, Johnsson E, Erlandsson F, Terkeltaub R. Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering With Combined Verinurad and Febuxostat on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:481-489. [PMID: 33130235 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Hyperuricemia has been implicated in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. Verinurad is a novel, potent, specific urate reabsorption inhibitor. We evaluated the effects on albuminuria of intensive urate-lowering therapy with verinurad combined with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). STUDY DESIGN Phase 2, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Patients 18 years or older with hyperuricemia, albuminuria, and T2DM. INTERVENTION Patients randomly assigned 1:1 to verinurad (9mg) plus febuxostat (80mg) or matched placebo once daily for 24 weeks. OUTCOMES The primary end point was change in urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) from baseline after 12 weeks' treatment. Secondary end points included safety and tolerability and effect on glomerular filtration. RESULTS 60 patients were enrolled (n=32, verinurad and febuxostat; n=28, placebo). UACRs after treatment with verinurad plus febuxostat were lower than after placebo at 1, 12, and 24 weeks: -38.6% (90% CI, -60.9% to-3.6%), -39.4% (90% CI, -61.8% to-3.8%), and-49.3% (90% CI, -68.2% to-19.0%), respectively. Serum urate levels after treatment with verinurad plus febuxostat were 59.6% and 63.7% lower than after placebo at 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. No clinically meaningful changes were observed in estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum creatinine or serum cystatin C concentrations. Verinurad plus febuxostat was well tolerated. LIMITATIONS Sample size and study duration were insufficient to evaluate definitive effects of verinurad plus febuxostat on UACR and glomerular filtration. Generalizability was limited by exclusion of patients with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Verinurad plus febuxostat reduced albuminuria and lowered serum urate concentrations in patients with T2DM, albuminuria, and hyperuricemia. Definitive assessment of their combined impact on preservation of kidney function awaits larger clinical studies. FUNDING This study was supported by AstraZeneca. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with study number NCT03118739.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin G Stack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Limerick & Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Association between serum uric acid and spirometric pulmonary function in Korean adults: The 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240987. [PMID: 33091060 PMCID: PMC7580900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited number of epidemiological studies have investigated the association between serum uric acid and pulmonary function in the general population. However, the results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the association between serum uric acid and spirometric pulmonary function in general population. METHODS Among the 8,150 participants who participated in the 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2,901 participants were analyzed in this study. Subjects were divided into four groups according to forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) % predicted quartiles. Participants in the lowest quartile of FVC % predicted and FEV1% predicted were compared to those in the remaining quartiles according to age, education level, household income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, renal impairment, serum uric acid, and hyperuricemia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of hyperuricemia for participants in the lowest quartile of FVC% and FEV1 predicted, with above covariates. RESULTS In women, hyperuricemia was associated with lowest quartile of FVC% predicted (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.06-2.75, p = 0.027) and FEV1 predicted (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.06-2.74, p = 0.028) respectively, serving as above confounding variables. In men, hyperuricemia (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22, p = 0.021) was associated with the lowest quartile of FEV1% predicted, not FVC% predicted. According to median age, in women, age ≥ 56 years old with hyperuricemia was associated with lowest quartile of FVC% predicted (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.04-3.28, p = 0.037) and FEV1% predicted (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.11-3.75, p = 0.021), respectively. In men, age ≥ 56 years old with hyperuricemia was associated with lowest quartile of FEV1% predicted (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.05-2.94, p = 0.033), not FCV% predicted. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia was associated with lowest quartile of FEV1% or FVC% predicted in Korean general population. This correlation between hyperuricemia and low pulmonary function was more pronounced in women and older age.
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Lee CL, Tsai SF. Association between mortality and serum uric acid levels in non-diabetes-related chronic kidney disease: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA, 1999-2010. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17585. [PMID: 33067501 PMCID: PMC7568534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and cardiovascular (CV) mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been described as either a J- or U-shaped function. However, its effect in non-diabetic CKD (and varying severities of CKD) remains unclear. We analyzed the database of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, USA, from the years 1999 to 2010. We then grouped the subjects into 4 categories according to their SUA levels: (a) < 5 mg/dl, (b) 5-7 mg/dl, (c) 7-9 mg/dl and (d) ≥ 9 mg/dl. For mortality comparison purposes (CV related, cancer related and all-cause mortality), we set the SUA group of 5-7 mg/dl as the reference. We also separated this population into moderate (stage 3) and severe (stages 4 and 5) CKD. A total of 1860 participants were included in this study. Results showed that the group with the lowest SUA levels (< 5 mg/dl), were the least male gender (19.25%), had the lowest body mass index (26.41(95% CI = 25.66-27.16) kg/m2), highest systolic blood pressure (139.02 (95% CI 135.72-142.32) mmHg), highest high-density cholesterol (59.55 (95% CI 57.37-61.74) mg/dl), lowest blood glucose (95.46 (95% CI 93.16-97.76) mg/dl), highest total cholesterol (210.31 (95% CI 203.36-217.25) mg/dl), lowest serum albumin (4.09 (95% CI 4.04-4.14) g/dl), highest estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (47.91 (95% CI 45.45-50.49) ml/min/1.732m2), least history of hypertension (54.4%), and least total energy intake (1643.7 (95% CI 1536.13-1751.27) kcal/day). In the group with SUA ≥ 9 mg/dl, patients had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 2.15) whatever their baseline CVD status. In non-DM CKD patients with a CVD history, the group with SUA ≥ 9 mg/dl had the highest all-cause mortality (HR = 5.39), CVD mortality (HR = 8.18) and CVD or cancer (HR = 8.25) related mortality. In non-DM patients with severe CKD (eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.732m2), the group with SUA < 5 had a significantly increased all-cause mortality. On the contrary, in non-DM patients with moderate CKD (eGFR = 30-60 ml/min/1.832m2), the group with SUA ≥ 9 had a significantly increased all-cause mortality. In moderate non-DM CKD, SUA ≥ 9 mg/dl is associated with higher all-cause mortality. However, once progressing to severe non-DM CKD, SUA < 5 mg/dl is associated with higher all-cause mortality (even though it has the least risk factors for metabolic syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Feng Tsai
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 160, Sec. 3, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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180
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Azzini GOM, Santos GS, Visoni SBC, Azzini VOM, Santos RGD, Huber SC, Lana JF. Metabolic syndrome and subchondral bone alterations: The rise of osteoarthritis - A review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:S849-S855. [PMID: 32999567 PMCID: PMC7503158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) has become one of the top major health burdens for over three decades not only due to its effects on cardiovascular health but also its implications in orthopedics. Extensive research has shown that MS is tightly linked to osteoarthritis and inflammation, a process which appears to primarily occur in the subchondral bone via the incidence of bone-marrow lesions (BMLs). Numerous studies identify obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension as the top metabolic risk factors, the so-called "deadly quartet". These factors are responsible for the disruptive physiological processes that culminate in detrimental alterations within the subchondral bone, cartilage damage and, overall, the predominant pro-inflammatory joint microenvironment. Although it has long been thought that osteoarthritis was limited to the cartilage component of the joint, other studies indicate that the disease may originate from the harmful alterations that occur primarily in the subchondral bone, especially via means of vascular pathology. Since metabolic risk factors are manageable to a certain extent, it is therefore possible to decelerate the progression of OA and mitigate its devastating effects on the subchondral bone and subsequent articular cartilage damage. METHODS Literature was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to find a correlation between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritic progression. The investigation included a combination of nomenclature such as: "metabolic syndrome", "obesity", "insulin resistance", "hypertension", "dyslipidemia", "low-grade systemic inflammation", "osteoarthritis", "subchondral bone", "cartilage" and "inflammatory biomarkers". CONCLUSION Based on several studies, there seems to be a significant association between The Deadly Quartet (metabolic syndrome), dysregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, and osteoarthritic progression arising from unbridled systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ohana Marques Azzini
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Pain Physician, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva Santos
- Biomedical Scientist, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz Coutinho Visoni
- Biologist, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ohana Marques Azzini
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Pain Physician, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gonzales dos Santos
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Pain Physician, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephany Cares Huber
- Biomedical Scientist, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), The University of Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - José Fábio Lana
- Orthopedics, Sports Medicine, Pain Physician, IOC, Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, The Bone and Cartilage Institute, Presidente Kennedy Avenue, 1386, 2nd Floor, Room #29, Cidade Nova I, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil
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Chiba Y, Murakami R, Matsumoto K, Wakamatsu K, Nonaka W, Uemura N, Yanase K, Kamada M, Ueno M. Glucose, Fructose, and Urate Transporters in the Choroid Plexus Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7230. [PMID: 33008107 PMCID: PMC7582461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus plays a central role in the regulation of the microenvironment of the central nervous system by secreting the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid and controlling its composition, despite that it only represents approximately 1% of the total brain weight. In addition to a variety of transporter and channel proteins for solutes and water, the choroid plexus epithelial cells are equipped with glucose, fructose, and urate transporters that are used as energy sources or antioxidative neuroprotective substrates. This review focuses on the recent advances in the understanding of the transporters of the SLC2A and SLC5A families (GLUT1, SGLT2, GLUT5, GLUT8, and GLUT9), as well as on the urate-transporting URAT1 and BCRP/ABCG2, which are expressed in choroid plexus epithelial cells. The glucose, fructose, and urate transporters repertoire in the choroid plexus epithelium share similar features with the renal proximal tubular epithelium, although some of these transporters exhibit inversely polarized submembrane localization. Since choroid plexus epithelial cells have high energy demands for proper functioning, a decline in the expression and function of these transporters can contribute to the process of age-associated brain impairment and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Chiba
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Ryuta Murakami
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Koichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Keiji Wakamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Wakako Nonaka
- Department of Supportive and Promotive Medicine of the Municipal Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Naoya Uemura
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Ken Yanase
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (N.U.); (K.Y.)
| | - Masaki Kamada
- Department of Neurological Intractable Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan;
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; (Y.C.); (R.M.); (K.M.); (K.W.)
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182
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Zhang C, Li L, Zhang Y, Zeng C. Recent advances in fructose intake and risk of hyperuricemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110795. [PMID: 33152951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the widespread popularity of hyperuricemia, it has become a severe threat to human public health. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary fructose has a close relationship with hyperuricemia, but the role of fructose intake in hyperuricemia remains unclear. Hyperuricemia is characterized by excessive production and deposition of urate crystals. Metabolism of fructose leads to the increased serum concentration of urate. In this review, we depict an update of fructose consumption worldwide and the epidemiology of hyperuricemia and summarize the progress in studying the relationship between fructose intake and the risk of hyperuricemia. This review highlights the metabolic process of fructose in the liver, small intestine, and kidney. Furthermore, we discuss molecular insights on fructose metabolism to reveal the underlying mechanism of fructose metabolism. Additionally, we elaborate on the effect of fructose metabolism on hyperuricemia to deeply understand the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia caused by fructose intake. Fructose consumption has a close correlation with an enhanced risk of developing hyperuricemia. More prospective studies are inevitable to understand the role of fructose intake in the development of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwang Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, PR China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Quality Control, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, PR China
| | - Yipeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, PR China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518110, PR China.
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183
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Cheng X, Liu T, Ma L, Liu Z, Xin Y, Jia Z, Chen Y, Li C, Sun R. Prothrombotic effects of high uric acid in mice via activation of MEF2C-dependent NF-κB pathway by upregulating let-7c. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:17976-17989. [PMID: 32960786 PMCID: PMC7585100 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum uric acid is reportedly associated with thrombosis development. However, still unclear is the mechanism of high uric acid in thrombosis with the involvement of let-7c. In an aim to fill this void, we conducted this study by treating mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells with high uric acid. Analysis indicated that let-7c was upregulated in hyperuricemia patients as well as in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with high uric acid. Furthermore, high uric acid inhibited myocyte enhancer factor-2C, but activated nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Then the targeting relationship between let-7c and myocyte enhancer factor-2C was verified. On the one hand, high uric acid shortened activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time of mice and declined tissue plasminogen activator level. Additionally, the treatment prolonged thrombin time and elevated the levels of thrombosis related molecules or proteins such as Fibrinogen and D-dimer. Nevertheless, these alternations could be reversed by inhibition of let-7c and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway or overexpressing myocyte enhancer factor-2C. To sum up, our results uncovered the pro-thrombotic effect of high uric acid in mice by activating myocyte enhancer factor-2C-dependent nuclear factor-kappa B pathway via let-7c upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lidan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhaotong Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P.R. China
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Chou YT, Li CH, Shen WC, Yang YC, Lu FH, Wu JS, Chang CJ. Association of sleep quality and sleep duration with serum uric acid levels in adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239185. [PMID: 32941519 PMCID: PMC7497980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date, the association between sleep duration or sleep quality and hyperuricemia has remained unclear. In addition, sleep duration and quality were not considered concomitantly in previous studies. Thus, this study was aimed toward an examination of the association of sleep duration and quality with uric acid level in a Taiwanese population. METHODS A total of 4,555 patients aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this study. The sleep duration was classified into three groups: short (<7 h), normal (7-9 h), and long (≥9 h). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and poor sleep quality was defined as a global PSQI score of >5. RESULTS Poor sleepers were younger and had lower body mass index, blood pressure, uric acid, blood sugar, cholesterol, creatinine level, shorter sleep duration, and engaged in less exercise but had a higher white blood cell count and prevalence of smoking as compared to good sleepers. There were also differences in body mass index, blood pressure, uric acid, blood sugar, lipid profiles, and sleep quality among subjects with different sleep durations. After adjusting for other variables, poor sleep quality was associated with lower uric acid levels. In addition, short sleep duration was positively associated with higher uric acid levels. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality was related to lower uric acid levels, whereas short sleep duration was associated with higher uric acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tsung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Health Management Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Shen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Hwa Lu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Shang Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou branch, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
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185
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Chen MQ, Wang HY, Shi WR, Sun YX. Estimate of prevalent hyperuricemia by systemic inflammation response index: results from a rural Chinese population. Postgrad Med 2020; 133:242-249. [PMID: 32921215 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1809870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperuricemia is a common metabolic disease that is intimately correlated with inflammation. Our study aimed to investigate the value of systemic inflammation response index as a novel inflammatory marker to estimate hyperuricemia in the rural Chinese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study used the data of 8,095 Chinese men and women aged ≥35 years from the 2012-2013 Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study. RESULTS The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.84%. After fully adjusting for potential confounders, each SD increase of SIRI in men and women caused a 21.4% and 37.0% additional risk, respectively, for hyperuricemia. Moreover, smooth curve fitting and subgroup analyses corroborated the linearity and robustness of this correlation. ROC analysis showed the ability of SIRI to estimate hyperuricemia was significantly improved in females (0.741 vs 0.745, P = 0.043), but not in males (0.710 vs 0.714, P = 0.105). The net reclassification improvement (NRI, 0.120 in men vs 0.166 in women) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI, 0.002 in men vs 0.006 in women) showed a significant improvement for both genders. CONCLUSIONS Our present study suggests a linear and robust relationship between SIRI and prevalent hyperuricemia, which implicates the value of SIRI to optimize the risk stratification and prevention of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Rui Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Xian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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186
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He B, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhao J, Huang J, Tian Y, Yang C, Zhang H, Zhang M, Gu L, Zhou X, Zhou J. The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2075. [PMID: 32983157 PMCID: PMC7485144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the metabolic changes and immune profiles in patients with COVID-19, we analyzed the data of patients with mild and severe COVID-19 as well as young children with COVID-19. Of the leukocytes, 47% (IQR, 33-59) were lymphocytes [2.5 × 109/L (IQR, 2.2-3.3)], and monocytes were 0.51 × 109/L (IQR, 0.45-0.57) in young children with COVID-19. In 32 mild COVID-19 patients, circulating monocytes were 0.45 × 109/L (IQR, 0.36-0.64). Twenty-one severe patients had low PO2 [57 mmHg (IQR, 50-73)] and SO2 [90% (IQR, 86-93)] and high lactate dehydrogenase [580 U/L (IQR, 447-696)], cardiac troponin I [0.07 ng/mL (IQR, 0.02-0.30)], and pro-BNP [498 pg/mL (IQR, 241-1,726)]. Serum D-dimer and FDP were 9.89 mg/L (IQR, 3.62-22.85) and 32.7 mg/L (IQR, 12.8-81.9), and a large number of RBC (46/μL (IQR, 4-242) was presented in urine, a cue of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in severe patients. Three patients had comorbidity with diabetes, and 18 patients without diabetes also presented high blood glucose [7.4 mmol/L (IQR, 5.9-10.1)]. Fifteen of 21 (71%) severe cases had urine glucose +, and nine of 21 (43%) had urine ketone body +. The increased glucose was partially caused by reduced glucose consumption of cells. Severe cases had extraordinarily low serum uric acid [176 μmol/L (IQR, 131-256)]. In the late stage of COVID-19, severe cases had extremely low CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, but unusually high neutrophils [6.5 × 109/L (IQR, 4.8-9.6)], procalcitonin [0.27 ng/mL (IQR, 0.14-1.94)], C-reactive protein [66 mg/L (IQR, 25-114)] and an extremely high level of interleukin-6. Four of 21 (19%) severe cases had co-infection with fungi, and two of 21 (9%) severe cases had bacterial infection. Our findings suggest that, severe cases had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) I-III, and metabolic disorders of glucose, lipid, uric acid, etc., even multiple organ dysfunction (MODS) and DIC. Increased neutrophils and severe inflammatory responses were involved in ARDS, MODS, and DIC. With the dramatical decrease of T-lymphocytes, severe cases were susceptible to co-infect with bacteria and fungi in the late stage of COVID-19. In young children, extremely high lymphocytes and monocytes might be associated with the low morbidity of COVID-19. The significantly increased monocytes might play an important role in the recovery of patients with mild COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yudie Wang
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixing Gu
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Medicine, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjiao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Biology and Medicine, The College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In our study, the aim was to identify the serum uric acid levels, a marker of oxidative stress, according to migraine subtypes (aura/without aura and episodic/chronic migraine). METHOD The study included 300 migraine patients and 150 healthy controls for a total of 450 individuals. Migraine and subtypes were diagnosed according to International Classification of Headache Disorders-2013 criteria. Patients were evaluated during attendance at the neurology clinic. RESULTS Our patient group was 77.0% female and disease duration was 9.2 ± 7.2 years. Our control group comprised 77.3% females. The age intervals in the patient and control groups were 36.4 ± 10.4 years and 36.0 ± 8.1 years. There was no statistically significant difference between our control and patient groups in terms of age and gender (p = .937 and p = .655). The serum UA, ferritin, and urea levels in our patient group were found to be significantly low compared to the healthy control group (p < .001). The serum UA levels in the migraine and control groups were 3.7 ± 0.7 and 4.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL, respectively (p < .001). There were no statistically significant differences observed between serum uric acid levels and other blood parameters between aura/without aura and episodic/chronic migraine subtypes (p > .05). CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that the oxidative stress marker of serum uric acid levels may be associated with migraine diagnosis, concluding that serum uric acid levels were not significant for migraine subtypes.
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188
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Plausinaitis D, Sinkevicius L, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Ratautaite V, Ramanavicius A. Evaluation of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance based sensor modified by uric acid-imprinted polypyrrole. Talanta 2020; 220:121414. [PMID: 32928426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid-imprinted polypyrrole-based (MIP(UA)-Ppy) electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance sensor (EQCM) was developed. Experiments and theoretical calculations were focused on molecular interactions between uric acid molecule and: i) polypyrrole imprinted by uric acid (MIP(UA)-Ppy) ii) polypyrrole film without any molecular imprints (NIP-Ppy). Resonant frequency differences during electrochemical deposition of MIP(UA)-Ppy and NIP-Ppy films were observed and were attributed to the phenomenon of molecule capture within formed Ppy matrix. EQCM-resonators modified by MIP-Ppy showed the following advantages: selectivity, qualitative response, cost-effectiveness, and simple procedure. The selectivity of MIP(UA)-Ppy was tested by the replacement of uric acid in the PBS solution with several different concentrations of caffeine and glucose. Langmuir isotherm based molecular adsorption model was applied to evaluate the interaction of MIP(UA)-Ppy with uric acid. From experimental results calculated the standard Gibbs free energy of association (ΔGa) of uric acid with MIP(UA)-Ppy is -16.4 ± 2.05 kJ/mol and with NIP-Ppy is -13.3 ± 8.56 kJ/mol ΔG values illustrate that the formation of uric acid complex with MIP(UA)-Ppy is thermodynamically more favourable than that for complexation with NIP-Ppy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deivis Plausinaitis
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Sinkevicius
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science at Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Ratautaite
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science at Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko str. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania; State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology, Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, Sauletekio ave. 3, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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189
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Xia Z, Wang L, He G, Jiang X. Morphology Regulation of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystals via Fabricated Uniform Hydrogel Slices. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Engineering laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-Efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning Province; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Engineering laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-Efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning Province; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Gaohong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Engineering laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-Efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning Province; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
| | - Xiaobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; School of Chemical Engineering; Engineering laboratory for Petrochemical Energy-Efficient Separation Technology of Liaoning Province; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian Liaoning 116024 China
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190
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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191
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Chang KH, Chen CM. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070597. [PMID: 32650609 PMCID: PMC7402083 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in substantia nigra (SN). Studies have suggested the potential involvement of dopamine, iron, calcium, mitochondria and neuroinflammation in contributing to overwhelmed oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in PD. Function studies on PD-causative mutations of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, FBXO7 and ATP13A2 further indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, it is reasonable that molecules involved in oxidative stress, such as DJ-1, coenzyme Q10, uric acid, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosin, homocysteine, retinoic acid/carotenes, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and products of lipid peroxidation, could be candidate biomarkers for PD. Applications of antioxidants to modulate oxidative stress could be a strategy in treating PD. Although a number of antioxidants, such as creatine, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, pioglitazone, melatonin and desferrioxamine, have been tested in clinical trials, none of them have demonstrated conclusive evidence to ameliorate the neurodegeneration in PD patients. Difficulties in clinical studies may be caused by the long-standing progression of neurodegeneration, lack of biomarkers for premotor stage of PD and inadequate drug delivery across blood–brain barrier. Solutions for these challenges will be warranted for future studies with novel antioxidative treatment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8347); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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192
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Medjedovic E, Suljevic A, Iglica A, Rama A, Mahmutbegovic E, Muftic A, Dzihic E. Uric Acid Values Along with Doppler Sonography Findings as a Tool for Preeclampsia Screening. Med Arch 2020; 73:408-411. [PMID: 32082010 PMCID: PMC7007614 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2019.73.408-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension (systolic pressure ≥140 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥90 mmHg) after week 20 of gestation with one or more of the following symptoms: proteinuria, organ dysfunction (including renal, hepatologic, hematologic or neurological complications) and in case of stagnation of fetal development. So far, there are no valid clinical tools or tests that can tell with sufficient sensitivity and specificity in early pregnancy which pregnant woman will develop preeclampsia or have unwanted outcomes. Aim To present the properties of biochemical parameter, uric acid, in patients with signs of preclampsia, which was confirmed by Doppler sonography. Methods The study included 60 female subjects in the second trimester of pregnancy who were examined or were hospitalized at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Pregnant women who had normal Doppler sonography scan of the uterine arteries in the second trimester of pregnancy were included in the control group, while pregnant women with pathologic Doppler sonographic findings in the second trimester of pregnancy were included in the group of pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia, i.e. the study group. Results There is statistically significant difference between the average value of uric acid in the control and in the study group (213.36 ± 28.96 μmol / L vs 249.73 ± 47.06 μmol / L) (F = 12.991; p = 0.001). Applying the Wilcoxon non-parametric paired test to the average uric acid values during all measurements within the control group, no statistically significant difference was found. There was a statistically significant increase in the study group between all measurements, from 18.04 μmol / L between the first and second measurement (Z = -1.955; p = 0.043), 29.10 μmol / L between the second and third measurement (Z = -2.973; p = 0.003), 37.27 μmol / L between the third and fourth measurement (Z = -4.325; p = 0.001) and 109.87 μmol / L at the end of the study in comparison to values from the start of the study (Z = -4.309; p = 0.001). Conclusion Uric acid values should become part of a broad biochemical range in screening and optimizing the treatment of patients diagnosed with early preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Medjedovic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alma Suljevic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital, Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amer Iglica
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinic for Heart, Blood Vessel and Rheumatic Diseases, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Admir Rama
- Bahceci IVF Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emir Mahmutbegovic
- Department of Gynecology, Health Care Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amela Muftic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ema Dzihic
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital, Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Intensive Care Unit, Clinic for Heart, Blood Vessel and Rheumatic Diseases, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Bahceci IVF Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.,Department of Gynecology, Health Care Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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193
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Lee SJ, Oh BK, Sung KC. Uric acid and cardiometabolic diseases. Clin Hypertens 2020; 26:13. [PMID: 32549999 PMCID: PMC7294650 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-020-00146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, which has been considered as a cause of gout and nephrolithiasis has recently been suggested to be associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Several clinical and experimental studies have supported uric acid (UA) as an independent risk factor for predicting disease development along with the traditional risk factors. The mechanism by which UA causes cardiometabolic disease has not been fully elucidated to date; however, it has been explained by several hypotheses such as oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and so on. Although evidence of the preventive and therapeutic effects of UA lowering therapy on cardiometabolic diseases is still insufficient, it is expected to be considered as a new treatment strategy for such diseases through additional, carefully designed, large-scale clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jae Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Kil Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03181 Republic of Korea
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194
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Pan K, Yao X, Liu M, Zhu Z. Association of Serum Uric Acid Status With Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:255. [PMID: 32582737 PMCID: PMC7296087 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Evidence linking serum uric acid (sUA) and bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescents is very limited. To the best of our knowledge, only one report has focused on the relationship between sUA and BMD in adolescents. Thus, this study aimed to determine the association between sUA and total BMD in adolescents aged 12-19 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample composed of non-institutionalized US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between sUA and total BMD. Subgroup analyses were further performed. Results: sUA positively correlated with total BMD in the multiple regression model after adjusting for potential confounders. However, in the subgroup analyses stratified by sex, age, or race/ethnicity, the association between sUA and total BMD followed an inverted U-shaped curve in female adolescents, adolescents aged 16-19 years, and other race/ethnicity. Conclusions: Our results suggested that the correlation between sUA level and total BMD differed by sex. The increased sUA level would be beneficial to bone health in adolescents with low sUA levels, but for female adolescents, a higher sUA level (turning point, 3.9 mg/dL) may have an adverse effect on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Pan
- Department of Paediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaocong Yao
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minbo Liu
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Department of Osteoporosis Care and Control, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Rumora L, Hlapčić I, Popović-Grle S, Rako I, Rogić D, Čepelak I. Uric acid and uric acid to creatinine ratio in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Potential biomarkers in multicomponent models comprising IL-1beta. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234363. [PMID: 32502184 PMCID: PMC7274385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with oxidative stress and inflammation implicated in its development. Uric acid (UA) could exert anti-oxidative, pro-oxidative or pro-inflammatory effects, depending on the specific context. It was recently shown that soluble UA, and not just its crystals, could activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to interleukin (IL)-1β secretion. We aimed to assess the differences in blood levels of UA and its ratio with creatinine (UCR) between COPD patients and healthy subjects, as well as their association with disease severity, smoking status, common COPD comorbidities and therapy regimes. The diagnostic characteristics of UA and UCR were also explored. This study included 109 stable COPD patients and 95 controls and measured white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (Fbg), IL-1β, creatinine (CREAT) and UA. All of the parameters were increased in COPD patients, except for CREAT. UA and UCR were positively associated with WBC, CRP and IL-1β. COPD smokers had lower UA and UCR values. Common COPD therapy did not affect UA or UCR, while patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) had higher UA, but not UCR, levels. Patients with higher UCR values showed worse disease-related outcomes (lung function, symptoms, quality of life, history of exacerbations, BODCAT and BODEx). Also, UCR differentiated patients with different severity of airflow limitation as well as symptoms and exacerbations. The great individual predictive potential of UCR and IL-1β was observed with their odds ratios (OR) being 2.09 and 5.53, respectively. Multiparameter models of UA and UCR that included IL-1β were able to correctly classify 86% and 90% of cases, respectively. We suggest that UA might be a useful biomarker when combined with IL-1β, while UCR might be even more informative and useful in overall COPD assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Rumora
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Hlapčić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Popović-Grle
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Clinical Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Rako
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dunja Rogić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čepelak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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196
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Bai J, Kuang Z, Chen Y, Hang K, Xu J, Xue D. Serum uric acid level is associated with the incidence of heterotopic ossification following elbow trauma surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2020; 29:996-1001. [PMID: 32305108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2020.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication after surgery for elbow trauma. Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism and has several physiological and pathogenic roles. However, the relationship between HO and uric acid has not been explored. This retrospective study aimed to assess the relationship between HO and serum uric acid (SUA). MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from 155 patients undergoing elbow trauma surgery in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2018. One hundred patients were included according to the inclusion criteria. They were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of HO, and the SUA level was compared between groups using the independent samples t test. The optimal prognostic cutoff value was obtained using the maximum value of the Youden index. RESULTS The SUA level was significantly higher in the HO group than in the non-HO group (362.0 ± 87.4 μmol/L vs. 318.3 ± 87.0 μmol/L; P < .05). Using the maximum value of Youden index, 317.5 μmol/L was determined to be the optimal SUA cutoff value for the prediction of HO, with a sensitivity of 68.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.67%-80.05%) and specificity of 55.77% (95% CI, 42.34%-68.40%). CONCLUSIONS Our study was the first to find that the high SUA level is a risk factor for HO of the elbow joint after trauma. Moreover, 317.5 μmol/L is the SUA threshold predicting the occurrence and development of HO of the elbow, with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Trauma Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Tiantai, China
| | - Kai Hang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deting Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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197
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Ladmakhi HB, Chekin F, Fathi S, Raoof JB. Electrochemical sensor based on magnetite graphene oxide/ordered mesoporous carbon hybrid to detection of allopurinol in clinical samples. Talanta 2020; 211:120759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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198
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Lucas T, Riis JL, Buchalski Z, Drolet CE, Dawadi A, Granger DA. Reactivity of salivary uric acid in response to social evaluative stress in African Americans. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107882. [PMID: 32220569 PMCID: PMC7269824 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High uric acid (UA) is associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which occur disproportionately among African Americans. High UA also predicts greater blood pressure reactivity responses to acute social stress. However, whether UA itself shows reactivity in response to stress is unknown. We evaluated salivary uric acid (sUA) and blood pressure reactivity in response to acute social stress. Healthy African Americans (N = 103; 32 % male; M age = 31.36 years), completed the Trier Social Stress Test. sUA and blood pressure measurements were taken before, during and after the stressor task. sUA showed significant reactivity and recovery, especially among older African Americans. Total sUA activation was also associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure total activation. Findings illuminate that acute stress may be a way in which UA is implicated in hypertension and CVD, suggesting a critical need to explore UA reactivity as a novel parameter of the acute stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 909 Wilson Road, B636, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States.
| | - Jenna L Riis
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States; Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States
| | - Zachary Buchalski
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Caroline E Drolet
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Anurag Dawadi
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, 200 East 1st Street, Flint, MI, 48502, United States
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California Irvine, 4201 SBSG, Irvine, CA, 92697-7085, United States; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, United States; Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0156, United States
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199
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Tripathi A, Harris KD, Elias AL. Peroxidase-Like Behavior of Ni Thin Films Deposited by Glancing Angle Deposition for Enzyme-Free Uric Acid Sensing. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:9123-9130. [PMID: 32363264 PMCID: PMC7191584 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a nanozyme-based biosensor fabricated from nanostructured Ni films deposited onto a silicon wafer by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) for enzyme-free colorimetric monitoring of uric acid (UA), a biomarker for gout, high blood pressure, heart disease, and kidney disease. The helically structured Ni GLAD nanozymes exhibit excellent peroxidase-like activity to accelerate the oxidation reaction of colorless 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue product, oxidized TMB (oxTMB), mediated by H2O2. In the presence of UA, oxTMB is reduced, decreasing the optical absorbance by an amount determined by the concentration of UA in the solution. The nanozyme not only mimics peroxidase but also possesses the notable qualities of reusability, simple operation, and reliability, making it environment-friendly and suitable for on-demand analysis. We optimized essential working parameters (pH, TMB concentration, and H2O2 concentration) to maximize the initial color change of the TMB solution. The catalytic activity of this nanozyme was compared with conventional nanofilms using the Michaelis-Menten theory. Based on this, enzyme-free biosensors were developed for colorimetric detection of UA, providing a wide detection range and a limit of detection (3.3 μM) suitable for measurements of UA concentration in sweat. Furthermore, interference from glucose and urea was studied so as to explore the potential of the biosensor for use in the clinical diagnosis of UA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Tripathi
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kenneth D. Harris
- National
Research Council Canada, Nanotechnology
Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Anastasia L. Elias
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Donadeo Innovation Centre for
Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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200
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Frailty markers comprise blood metabolites involved in antioxidation, cognition, and mobility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9483-9489. [PMID: 32295884 PMCID: PMC7196897 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920795117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty resulting from age-related deterioration of multiple organ systems displays complex features, including cognitive dysfunction, hypomobility, and impaired daily activity. However, metabolic aspects of frailty remain unclear. We performed untargeted, comprehensive metabolomics of whole blood from 19 frail and nonfrail elderly patients. We identified 22 markers, including 15 for frailty, 6 for cognition, and 12 for hypomobility, most of which are abundant in blood. Frailty markers include 5 of 6 for cognition and 6 of 12 for hypomobility. These overlapping markers include decreased levels of metabolites related to antioxidation, nitrogen, and amino acid metabolism. Ergothioneine, an antioxidant involved in neuronal diseases, declines in frailty. Thus, we reveal essential metabolites linked to the pathogenesis of frailty, including vulnerability to oxidative stress. As human society ages globally, age-related disorders are becoming increasingly common. Due to decreasing physiological reserves and increasing organ system dysfunction associated with age, frailty affects many elderly people, compromising their ability to cope with acute stressors. Frail elderly people commonly manifest complex clinical symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction, hypomobility, and impaired daily activity, the metabolic basis of which remains poorly understood. We applied untargeted, comprehensive LC-MS metabolomic analysis to human blood from 19 frail and nonfrail elderly patients who were clinically evaluated using the Edmonton Frail Scale, the MoCA-J for cognition, and the TUG for mobility. Among 131 metabolites assayed, we identified 22 markers for frailty, cognition, and hypomobility, most of which were abundant in blood. Frailty markers included 5 of 6 markers specifically related to cognition and 6 of 12 markers associated with hypomobility. These overlapping sets of markers included metabolites related to antioxidation, muscle or nitrogen metabolism, and amino acids, most of which are decreased in frail elderly people. Five frailty-related metabolites that decreased—1,5-anhydroglucitol, acetyl-carnosine, ophthalmic acid, leucine, and isoleucine—have been previously reported as markers of aging, providing a metabolic link between human aging and frailty. Our findings clearly indicate that metabolite profiles efficiently distinguish frailty from nonfrailty. Importantly, the antioxidant ergothioneine, which decreases in frailty, is neuroprotective. Oxidative stress resulting from diminished antioxidant levels could be a key vulnerability for the pathogenesis of frailty, exacerbating illnesses related to human aging.
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