151
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Voxel-size dependent quantitative susceptibility mapping of blood vessel networks: A simulation study. Z Med Phys 2019; 29:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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152
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Stefani A, Mitterling T, Heidbreder A, Steiger R, Kremser C, Frauscher B, Gizewski ER, Poewe W, Högl B, Scherfler C. Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging reveals alterations of sensorimotor circuits in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2019; 42:5539066. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractStudy ObjectivesIntegrated information on brain microstructural integrity and iron storage and its impact on the morphometric profile is not available in restless legs syndrome (RLS). We applied multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion tensor imaging, the transverse relaxation rate (R2*), a marker for iron storage, as well as gray and white matter volume measures to characterize RLS-related MRI signal distribution patterns and to analyze their associations with clinical parameters.MethodsEighty-seven patients with RLS (mean age 51, range 20–72 years; disease duration, mean 13 years, range 1–46 years, of those untreated n = 30) and 87 healthy control subjects, individually matched for age and gender, were investigated with multimodal 3T MRI.ResultsVolume of the white matter compartment adjacent to the post- and precentral cortex and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the frontopontine tract were both significantly reduced in RLS compared to healthy controls, and these alterations were associated with disease duration (r = 0.25, p = 0.025 and r = 0.23, p = 0.037, respectively). Corresponding gray matter volume increases of the right primary motor cortex in RLS (p < 0.001) were negatively correlated with the right FA signal of the frontopontine tract (r = −0.22; p < 0.05). Iron content evaluated with R2* was reduced in the putamen as well as in temporal and occipital compartments of the RLS cohort compared to the control group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsMultimodal MRI identified progressing white matter decline of key somatosensory circuits that may underlie the perception of sensory leg discomfort. Increases of gray matter volume of the premotor cortex are likely to be a consequence of functional neuronal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Mitterling
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elke R Gizewski
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Scherfler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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153
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Ruetten PPR, Gillard JH, Graves MJ. Introduction to Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20181016. [PMID: 30933548 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20181016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) and Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) are MRI techniques that measure and display differences in the magnetization that is induced in tissues, i.e. their magnetic susceptibility, when placed in the strong external magnetic field of an MRI system. SWI produces images in which the contrast is heavily weighted by the intrinsic tissue magnetic susceptibility. It has been applied in a wide range of clinical applications. QSM is a further advancement of this technique that requires sophisticated post-processing in order to provide quantitative maps of tissue susceptibility. This review explains the steps involved in both SWI and QSM as well as describing some of their uses in both clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal P R Ruetten
- 1Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Gillard
- 1Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Graves
- 2Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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154
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Bian W, Kerr AB, Tranvinh E, Parivash S, Zahneisen B, Han MH, Lock CB, Goubran M, Zhu K, Rutt BK, Zeineh MM. MR susceptibility contrast imaging using a 2D simultaneous multi-slice gradient-echo sequence at 7T. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219705. [PMID: 31314813 PMCID: PMC6636815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a 7T simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) 2D gradient-echo sequence for susceptibility contrast imaging, and to compare its quality to 3D imaging. Methods A frequency modulated and phase cycled RF pulse was designed to simultaneously excite multiple slices in multi-echo 2D gradient-echo imaging. The imaging parameters were chosen to generate images with susceptibility contrast, including T2*-weighted magnitude/phase images, susceptibility-weighted images and quantitative susceptibility/R2* maps. To compare their image quality with 3D gradient-echo imaging, both 2D and 3D imaging were performed on 11 healthy volunteers and 4 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The signal to noise ratio (SNR) in gray and white matter and their contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was simulated for the 2D and 3D magnitude images using parameters from the imaging. The experimental SNRs and CNRs were measured in gray/white matter and deep gray matter structures on magnitude, phase, R2* and QSM images from volunteers and the visibility of MS lesions on these images from patients was visually rated. All SNRs and CNRs were compared between the 2D and 3D imaging using a paired t-test. Results Although the 3D magnitude images still had significantly higher SNRs (by 13.0~17.6%), the 2D magnitude and QSM images generated significantly higher gray/white matter or globus pallidus/putamen contrast (by 13.3~87.5%) and significantly higher MS lesion contrast (by 5.9~17.3%). Conclusion 2D SMS gradient-echo imaging can serve as an alternative to often used 3D imaging to obtain susceptibility-contrast-weighted images, with an advantage of providing better image contrast and MS lesion sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Adam B. Kerr
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Tranvinh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Sherveen Parivash
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Zahneisen
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - May H. Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher B. Lock
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Kongrong Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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155
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Bollmann S, Rasmussen KGB, Kristensen M, Blendal RG, Østergaard LR, Plocharski M, O'Brien K, Langkammer C, Janke A, Barth M. DeepQSM - using deep learning to solve the dipole inversion for quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2019; 195:373-383. [PMID: 30935908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase measurements and has gained broad interest because it yields relevant information on biological tissue properties, predominantly myelin, iron and calcium in vivo. Thereby, QSM can also reveal pathological changes of these key components in widespread diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, or hepatic iron overload. While the ill-posed field-to-source-inversion problem underlying QSM is conventionally assessed by the means of regularization techniques, we trained a fully convolutional deep neural network - DeepQSM - to directly invert the magnetic dipole kernel convolution. DeepQSM learned the physical forward problem using purely synthetic data and is capable of solving the ill-posed field-to-source inversion on in vivo MRI phase data. The magnetic susceptibility maps reconstructed by DeepQSM enable identification of deep brain substructures and provide information on their respective magnetic tissue properties. In summary, DeepQSM can invert the magnetic dipole kernel convolution and delivers robust solutions to this ill-posed problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bollmann
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Building 57 of University Dr, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Mads Kristensen
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Guldhammer Blendal
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lasse Riis Østergaard
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maciej Plocharski
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kieran O'Brien
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Building 57 of University Dr, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia; Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Langkammer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 22, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew Janke
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Building 57 of University Dr, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Markus Barth
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Building 57 of University Dr, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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156
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Huck J, Wanner Y, Fan AP, Jäger AT, Grahl S, Schneider U, Villringer A, Steele CJ, Tardif CL, Bazin PL, Gauthier CJ. High resolution atlas of the venous brain vasculature from 7 T quantitative susceptibility maps. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2467-2485. [PMID: 31278570 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The vascular organization of the human brain can determine neurological and neurophysiological functions, yet thus far it has not been comprehensively mapped. Aging and diseases such as dementia are known to be associated with changes to the vasculature and normative data could help detect these vascular changes in neuroimaging studies. Furthermore, given the well-known impact of venous vessels on the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal, information about the common location of veins could help detect biases in existing datasets. In this work, a quantitative atlas of the venous vasculature using quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) acquired with a 0.6-mm isotropic resolution is presented. The Venous Neuroanatomy (VENAT) atlas was created from 5 repeated 7 Tesla MRI measurements in young and healthy volunteers (n = 20, 10 females, mean age = 25.1 ± 2.5 years) using a two-step registration method on 3D segmentations of the venous vasculature. This cerebral vein atlas includes the average vessel location, diameter (mean: 0.84 ± 0.33 mm) and curvature (0.11 ± 0.05 mm-1) from all participants and provides an in vivo measure of the angio-architectonic organization of the human brain and its variability. This atlas can be used as a basis to understand changes in the vasculature during aging and neurodegeneration, as well as vascular and physiological effects in neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huck
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Yvonne Wanner
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Anna-Thekla Jäger
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Grahl
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, Collaborative Research Centre, 1052-A5, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christine L Tardif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kognitions- und Neurowissenschaften, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 1455 Boulevard de Maisonneuve O, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada
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157
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Potential usefulness of signal intensity of cerebral gyri on quantitative susceptibility mapping for discriminating corticobasal degeneration from progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson’s disease. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:1251-1259. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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158
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Detection of dentate nuclei abnormality in a patient with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy using the quantitative susceptibility mapping. J Neurol Sci 2019; 403:97-98. [PMID: 31247449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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159
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Möller HE, Bossoni L, Connor JR, Crichton RR, Does MD, Ward RJ, Zecca L, Zucca FA, Ronen I. Iron, Myelin, and the Brain: Neuroimaging Meets Neurobiology. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:384-401. [PMID: 31047721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although iron is crucial for neuronal functioning, many aspects of cerebral iron biology await clarification. The ability to quantify specific iron forms in the living brain would open new avenues for diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and understanding pathogenesis of diseases. A modality that allows assessment of brain tissue composition in vivo, in particular of iron deposits or myelin content on a submillimeter spatial scale, is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Multimodal strategies combining MRI with complementary analytical techniques ex vivo have emerged, which may lead to improved specificity. Interdisciplinary collaborations will be key to advance beyond simple correlative analyses in the biological interpretation of MRI data and to gain deeper insights into key factors leading to iron accumulation and/or redistribution associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald E Möller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1A, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lucia Bossoni
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roberta J Ward
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Itamar Ronen
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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160
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Chen L, Hua J, Ross CA, Cai S, van Zijl PC, Li X. Altered brain iron content and deposition rate in Huntington's disease as indicated by quantitative susceptibility MRI. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:467-479. [PMID: 30489648 PMCID: PMC6367012 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Altered brain iron content in the striatum of premanifest and manifest Huntington's disease (HD) has been reported. However, its natural history remains unclear. This study aims to investigate altered brain iron content in premanifest and early HD, and the iron deposition rate in these patients through a longitudinal one-year follow-up test, with quantitative magnetic susceptibility as an iron imaging marker. Twenty-four gene mutation carriers divided into three groups (further-from-onset, closer-to-onset and early HD) and 16 age-matched healthy controls were recruited at baseline, and of these, 14 carriers and 7 controls completed the one-year follow-up. Quantitative magnetic susceptibility and effective transverse relaxation rate ( R 2 ∗ ) were measured at 7.0 Tesla and correlated with atrophy and available clinical and cognitive measurements. Higher susceptibility values indicating higher iron content in the striatum and globus pallidus were only observed in closer-to-onset (N = 6, p < 0.05 in caudate and p < 0.01 in putamen) and early HD (N = 9, p < 0.05 in caudate and globus pallidus and p < 0.01 in putamen). Similar results were found by R 2 ∗ measurement. Such increases directly correlated with HD CAG-age product score and brain atrophy, but not with motor or cognitive scores. More importantly, a significantly higher iron deposition rate (11.9%/years in caudate and 6.1%/years in globus pallidus) was firstly observed in closer-to-onset premanifest HD and early HD as compared to the controls. These results suggest that monitoring brain iron may provide further insights into the pathophysiology of HD disease progression, and may provide a biomarker for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jun Hua
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Christopher A. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurobiology, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shuhui Cai
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xu Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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161
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Finnerty E, Ramasawmy R, O’Callaghan J, Connell JJ, Lythgoe M, Shmueli K, Thomas DL, Walker‐Samuel S. Noninvasive quantification of oxygen saturation in the portal and hepatic veins in healthy mice and those with colorectal liver metastases using QSM MRI. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:2666-2675. [PMID: 30450573 PMCID: PMC6588010 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This preclinical study investigated the use of QSM MRI to noninvasively measure venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) in the hepatic and portal veins. METHODS QSM data were acquired from a cohort of healthy mice (n = 10) on a 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. Susceptibility was measured in the portal and hepatic veins and used to calculate SvO2 in each vessel under each condition. Blood was extracted from the inferior vena cava of 3 of the mice under each condition, and SvO2 was measured with a blood gas analyzer for comparison. QSM data were also acquired from a cohort of mice bearing liver tumors under normoxic conditions. Susceptibility was measured, and SvO2 calculated in the portal and hepatic veins and compared to the healthy mice. Statistical significance was assessed using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test (normoxic vs. hyperoxic) or a Mann-Whitney test (healthy vs. tumor bearing). RESULTS SvO2 calculated from QSM measurements in healthy mice under hyperoxia showed significant increases of 15% in the portal vein (P < 0.05) and 21% in the hepatic vein (P < 0.01) versus normoxia. These values agreed with inferior vena cava measurements from the blood gas analyzer (26% increase). SvO2 in the hepatic vein was significantly lower in the colorectal liver metastases cohort (30% ± 11%) than the healthy mice (53% ± 17%) (P < 0.05); differences in the portal vein were not significant. CONCLUSION QSM is a feasible tool for noninvasively measuring SvO2 in the liver and can detect differences due to increased oxygen consumption in livers bearing colorectal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Finnerty
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - James O’Callaghan
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John J. Connell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Department of MedicineUCL Institute of Child Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David L. Thomas
- Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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162
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Watanabe T, Tan Z, Wang X, Martinez-Hernandez A, Frahm J. Magnetic resonance imaging of noradrenergic neurons. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1609-1625. [PMID: 30903359 PMCID: PMC6509075 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Noradrenaline is a neurotransmitter involved in general arousal, selective attention, memory, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. The purpose of this work was to delineate noradrenergic neurons in vivo by T1-weighted MRI with magnetization transfer (MT). In the brainstem of human and mice, MRI identified the locus coeruleus, dorsal motor vagus nucleus, and nucleus tractus solitarius. Given (1) the long T1 and low magnetization transfer ratio for the noradrenergic cell groups compared to other gray matter, (2) significant correlation between MT MRI signal intensity and proton density, and (3) no correlation between magnetization transfer ratio (or R1) and iron, copper, or manganese in human brain, the high MRI signal of the noradrenergic neurons must be attributed to abundant water protons interacting with any T1-shortening paramagnetic ions in active cells rather than to specific T1-shortening molecules. The absence of a high MRI signal from the locus coeruleus of Ear2(-/-) mice lacking noradrenergic neurons confirms that cell bodies of noradrenergic neurons are the source of the bright MRI appearance. The observation of this high signal in DBH(-/-) mice, in 3-week-old mice, and in mice under hyperoxia/hypercapnia/hypoxia together with the general absence of neuromelanin (NM) in noradrenergic neurons of young rodents further excludes that it is due to NM, dopamine β-hydroxylase, their binding to paramagnetic ions, blood inflow, or hemoglobin. Instead, these findings indicate a high density of water protons whose T1 is shortened by paramagnetic ions as the relevant source of the high MRI signal. In the brain of APP/PS1/Ear2(-/-) mice, a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease, MRI detected noradrenergic neuron loss in the locus coeruleus. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed that a 60-75% reduction of noradrenaline is responsible for a reduction of N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in the hippocampus as well as for a shortening of the water proton T2 in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that a concurrent shortage of noradrenaline in Alzheimer's disease accelerates pathologic processes such as inflammation and neuron loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Watanabe
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Zhengguo Tan
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Martinez-Hernandez
- Abteilung Gene und Verhalten, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Frahm
- Biomedizinische NMR, Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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163
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Choi Y, Jang J, Nam Y, Shin NY, Choi HS, Jung SL, Ahn KJ, Kim BS. Relationship between Abnormal Hyperintensity on T2-Weighted Images Around Developmental Venous Anomalies and Magnetic Susceptibility of Their Collecting Veins: In-Vivo Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study. Korean J Radiol 2019; 20:662-670. [PMID: 30887748 PMCID: PMC6424825 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A developmental venous anomaly (DVA) is a vascular malformation of ambiguous clinical significance. We aimed to quantify the susceptibility of draining veins (χvein) in DVA and determine its significance with respect to oxygen metabolism using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Materials and Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging of 27 consecutive patients with incidentally detected DVAs were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the presence of abnormal hyperintensity on T2-weighted images (T2WI) in the brain parenchyma adjacent to DVA, the patients were grouped into edema (E+, n = 9) and non-edema (E−, n = 18) groups. A 3T MR scanner was used to obtain fully flow-compensated gradient echo images for susceptibility-weighted imaging with source images used for QSM processing. The χvein was measured semi-automatically using QSM. The normalized χvein was also estimated. Clinical and MR measurements were compared between the E+ and E− groups using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations between the χvein and area of hyperintensity on T2WI and between χvein and diameter of the collecting veins were assessed. The correlation coefficient was also calculated using normalized veins. Results The DVAs of the E+ group had significantly higher χvein (196.5 ± 27.9 vs. 167.7 ± 33.6, p = 0.036) and larger diameter of the draining veins (p = 0.006), and patients were older (p = 0.006) than those in the E− group. The χvein was also linearly correlated with the hyperintense area on T2WI (r = 0.633, 95% confidence interval 0.333–0.817, p < 0.001). Conclusion DVAs with abnormal hyperintensity on T2WI have higher susceptibility values for draining veins, indicating an increased oxygen extraction fraction that might be associated with venous congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsean Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinhee Jang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoonho Nam
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Young Shin
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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164
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Karsa A, Punwani S, Shmueli K. The effect of low resolution and coverage on the accuracy of susceptibility mapping. Magn Reson Med 2019; 81:1833-1848. [PMID: 30338864 PMCID: PMC6492151 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has found increasing clinical applications. However, to reduce scan time, clinical acquisitions often use reduced resolution and coverage, particularly in the through-slice dimension. The effect of these factors on QSM has begun to be assessed using only balloon phantoms and downsampled brain images. Here, we investigate the effects (and their sources) of low resolution or coverage on QSM using both simulated and acquired images. METHODS Brain images were acquired at 1 mm isotropic resolution and full brain coverage, and low resolution (up to 6 mm slice thickness) or coverage (down to 20 mm) in 5 healthy volunteers. Images at reduced resolution or coverage were also simulated in these volunteers and in a new, anthropomorphic, numerical phantom. Mean susceptibilities in 5 brain regions, including white matter, were investigated over varying resolution and coverage. RESULTS The susceptibility map contrast decreased with increasing slice thickness and spacing, and with decreasing coverage below ~40 mm for 2 different QSM pipelines. Our simulations showed that calculated susceptibility values were erroneous at low resolution or very low coverage, because of insufficient sampling and overattenuation of the susceptibility-induced field perturbations. Susceptibility maps calculated from simulated and acquired images showed similar behavior. CONCLUSIONS Both low resolution and low coverage lead to loss of contrast and errors in susceptibility maps. The widespread clinical practice of using low resolution and coverage does not provide accurate susceptibility maps. Simulations in images of healthy volunteers and in a new, anthropomorphic numerical phantom were able to accurately model low-resolution and low-coverage acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Karsa
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shonit Punwani
- Centre for Medical ImagingUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karin Shmueli
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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165
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Shamir I, Tomer O, Baratz Z, Tsarfaty G, Faraggi M, Horowitz A, Assaf Y. A framework for cortical laminar composition analysis using low-resolution T1 MRI images. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1457-1467. [PMID: 30783759 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The layer composition of the cerebral cortex represents a unique anatomical fingerprint of brain development, function, connectivity, and pathology. Historically, the cortical layers were investigated solely ex-vivo using histological means, but recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies suggest that T1 relaxation images can be utilized to separate the layers. Despite technological advancements in the field of high-resolution MRI, accurate estimation of whole-brain cortical laminar composition has remained limited due to partial volume effects, leaving some layers far beyond the image resolution. In this study, we offer a simple and accurate method for cortical laminar composition analysis, resolving partial volume effects and cortical curvature heterogeneity. We use a low-resolution 3T MRI echo planar imaging inversion recovery (EPI IR) scan protocol that provides fast acquisition (~ 12 min) and enables extraction of multiple T1 relaxation time components per voxel, which are assigned to types of brain tissue and utilized to extract the subvoxel composition of six T1 layers. While previous investigation of the layers required the estimation of cortical normals or smoothing of layer widths (similar to VBM), here we developed a sphere-based approach to explore the inner mesoscale architecture of the cortex. Our novel algorithm conducts spatial analysis using volumetric sampling of a system of virtual spheres dispersed throughout the entire cortical space. The methodology offers a robust and powerful framework for quantification and visualization of the cortical laminar structure on the cortical surface, providing a basis for quantitative investigation of its role in cognition, physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ittai Shamir
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omri Tomer
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Baratz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maya Faraggi
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assaf Horowitz
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaniv Assaf
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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166
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Najdenovska E, Tuleasca C, Jorge J, Maeder P, Marques JP, Roine T, Gallichan D, Thiran JP, Levivier M, Bach Cuadra M. Comparison of MRI-based automated segmentation methods and functional neurosurgery targeting with direct visualization of the Ventro-intermediate thalamic nucleus at 7T. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1119. [PMID: 30718634 PMCID: PMC6361927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventro-intermediate nucleus (Vim), as part of the motor thalamic nuclei, is a commonly used target in functional stereotactic neurosurgery for treatment of drug-resistant tremor. As it cannot be directly visualized on routinely used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), its clinical targeting is performed using indirect methods. Recent literature suggests that the Vim can be directly visualized on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) acquired at 7 T. Our work aims to assess the distinguishable Vim on 7 T SWI in both healthy-population and patients and, using it as a reference, to compare it with: (1) The clinical targeting, (2) The automated parcellation of thalamic subparts based on 3 T diffusion MRI (dMRI), and (3) The multi-atlas segmentation techniques. In 95.2% of the data, the manual outline was adjacent to the inferior lateral border of the dMRI-based motor-nuclei group, while in 77.8% of the involved cases, its ventral part enclosed the Guiot points. Moreover, the late MRI signature in the patients was always observed in the anterior part of the manual delineation and it overlapped with the multi-atlas outline. Overall, our study provides new insight on Vim discrimination through MRI and imply novel strategies for its automated segmentation, thereby opening new perspectives for standardizing the clinical targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Najdenovska
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Constantin Tuleasca
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Sorbonne Université, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Neurochirurgie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - João Jorge
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Maeder
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José P Marques
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Roine
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Gallichan
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Thiran
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Levivier
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosurgery Service and Gamma Knife Center, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meritxell Bach Cuadra
- Centre d'Imagerie BioMédicale (CIBM), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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167
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Taege Y, Hagemeier J, Bergsland N, Dwyer MG, Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Schweser F. Assessment of mesoscopic properties of deep gray matter iron through a model-based simultaneous analysis of magnetic susceptibility and R 2* - A pilot study in patients with multiple sclerosis and normal controls. Neuroimage 2019; 186:308-320. [PMID: 30445148 PMCID: PMC6481304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of brain iron relied on the effect of the iron on magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation properties, such as R2∗, and bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility, as measured by quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). The present study exploited the dependence of R2∗ and magnetic susceptibility on physical interactions at different length-scales to retrieve information about the tissue microenvironment, rather than the iron concentration. We introduce a method for the simultaneous analysis of brain tissue magnetic susceptibility and R2∗ that aims to isolate those biophysical mechanisms of R2∗ -contrast that are associated with the micro- and mesoscopic distribution of iron, referred to as the Iron Microstructure Coefficient (IMC). The present study hypothesized that changes in the deep gray matter (DGM) magnetic microenvironment associated with aging and pathological mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS), such as changes of the distribution and chemical form of the iron, manifest in quantifiable contributions to the IMC. To validate this hypothesis, we analyzed the voxel-based association between R2∗ and magnetic susceptibility in different DGM regions of 26 patients with multiple sclerosis and 33 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Values of the IMC varied significantly between anatomical regions, were reduced in the dentate and increased in the caudate of patients compared to controls, and decreased with normal aging, most strongly in caudate, globus pallidus and putamen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanis Taege
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Jesper Hagemeier
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Niels Bergsland
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Michael G Dwyer
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 1010 Main St 2nd Flr, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Clinical and Translational Science Institute at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14202, USA.
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168
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Kaunzner UW, Kang Y, Zhang S, Morris E, Yao Y, Pandya S, Hurtado Rua SM, Park C, Gillen KM, Nguyen TD, Wang Y, Pitt D, Gauthier SA. Quantitative susceptibility mapping identifies inflammation in a subset of chronic multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain 2019; 142:133-145. [PMID: 30561514 PMCID: PMC6308309 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions, characterized by a hyperintense rim of iron-enriched, activated microglia and macrophages, have been linked to greater tissue damage. Post-mortem studies have determined that chronic active lesions are primarily related to the later stages of multiple sclerosis; however, the occurrence of these lesions, and their relationship to earlier disease stages may be greatly underestimated. Detection of chronic active lesions across the patient spectrum of multiple sclerosis requires a validated imaging tool to accurately identify lesions with persistent inflammation. Quantitative susceptibility mapping provides efficient in vivo quantification of susceptibility changes related to iron deposition and the potential to identify lesions harbouring iron-laden inflammatory cells. The PET tracer 11C-PK11195 targets the translocator protein expressed by activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages. Accordingly, this study aimed to validate that lesions with a hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility mapping from both relapsing and progressive patients demonstrate a higher level of innate immune activation as measured on 11C-PK11195 PET. Thirty patients were enrolled in this study, 24 patients had relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, six had progressive multiple sclerosis, and all patients had concomitant MRI with a gradient echo sequence and PET with 11C-PK11195. A total of 406 chronic lesions were detected, and 43 chronic lesions with a hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility mapping were identified as rim+ lesions. Susceptibility (relative to CSF) was higher in rim+ (2.42 ± 17.45 ppb) compared to rim- lesions (-14.6 ± 19.3 ppb, P < 0.0001). Among rim+ lesions, susceptibility within the rim (20.04 ± 14.28 ppb) was significantly higher compared to the core (-5.49 ± 14.44 ppb, P < 0.0001), consistent with the presence of iron. In a mixed-effects model, 11C-PK11195 uptake, representing activated microglia/macrophages, was higher in rim+ lesions compared to rim- lesions (P = 0.015). Validating our in vivo imaging results, multiple sclerosis brain slabs were imaged with quantitative susceptibility mapping and processed for immunohistochemistry. These results showed a positive translocator protein signal throughout the expansive hyperintense border of rim+ lesions, which co-localized with iron containing CD68+ microglia and macrophages. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that suggests that a hyperintense rim on quantitative susceptibility measure within a chronic lesion is a correlate for persistent inflammatory activity and that these lesions can be identified in the relapsing patients. Utilizing quantitative susceptibility measure to differentiate chronic multiple sclerosis lesion subtypes, especially chronic active lesions, would provide a method to assess the impact of these lesions on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike W Kaunzner
- Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yeona Kang
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Shun Zhang
- Cornell MRI Research Lab, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eric Morris
- Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Yihao Yao
- Cornell MRI Research Lab, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sneha Pandya
- Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sandra M Hurtado Rua
- Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Health Professions, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Calvin Park
- Yale Multiple Sclerosis Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Yi Wang
- Cornell MRI Research Lab, New York City, NY, USA
| | - David Pitt
- Yale Multiple Sclerosis Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan A Gauthier
- Judith Jaffe Multiple Sclerosis Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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169
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Lin F, Prince MR, Spincemaille P, Wang Y. Patents on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) of Tissue Magnetism. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2018; 13:90-113. [PMID: 30556508 DOI: 10.2174/1872208313666181217112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) depicts biodistributions of tissue magnetic susceptibility sources, including endogenous iron and calcifications, as well as exogenous paramagnetic contrast agents and probes. When comparing QSM with simple susceptibility weighted MRI, QSM eliminates blooming artifacts and shows reproducible tissue susceptibility maps independent of field strength and scanner manufacturer over a broad range of image acquisition parameters. For patient care, QSM promises to inform diagnosis, guide surgery, gauge medication, and monitor drug delivery. The Bayesian framework using MRI phase data and structural prior knowledge has made QSM sufficiently robust and accurate for routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To address the lack of a summary of US patents that is valuable for QSM product development and dissemination into the MRI community. METHOD We searched the USPTO Full-Text and Image Database for patents relevant to QSM technology innovation. We analyzed the claims of each patent to characterize the main invented method and we investigated data on clinical utility. RESULTS We identified 17 QSM patents; 13 were implemented clinically, covering various aspects of QSM technology, including the Bayesian framework, background field removal, numerical optimization solver, zero filling, and zero-TE phase. CONCLUSION Our patent search identified patents that enable QSM technology for imaging the brain and other tissues. QSM can be applied to study a wide range of diseases including neurological diseases, liver iron disorders, tissue ischemia, and osteoporosis. MRI manufacturers can develop QSM products for more seamless integration into existing MRI scanners to improve medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Law, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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170
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Caan MWA, Bazin PL, Marques JP, de Hollander G, Dumoulin SO, van der Zwaag W. MP2RAGEME: T 1 , T 2 * , and QSM mapping in one sequence at 7 tesla. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 40:1786-1798. [PMID: 30549128 PMCID: PMC6590660 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging generates images of meaningful physical or chemical variables measured in physical units that allow quantitative comparisons between tissue regions and among subjects scanned at the same or different sites. Here, we show that we can acquire quantitative T1, T2*, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) information in a single acquisition, using a multi‐echo (ME) extension of the second gradient‐echo image of the MP2RAGE sequence. This combination is called MP2RAGE ME, or MP2RAGEME. The simultaneous acquisition results in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data, and minimal image quality differences compared to separately acquired data. Following a correction for residual transmit B1+‐sensitivity, quantitative T1, T2*, and QSM values were in excellent agreement with those obtained from separately acquired, also B1+‐corrected, MP2RAGE data and ME gradient echo data. The quantitative values from reference regions of interests were also in very good correspondence with literature values. From the MP2RAGEME data, we further derived a multiparametric cortical parcellation, as well as a combined arterial and venous map. In sum, our MP2RAGEME sequence has the benefit in large time savings, perfectly coregistered data and minor image quality differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthan W A Caan
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Social Brain Laboratory, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José P Marques
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles de Hollander
- Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge O Dumoulin
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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171
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Lundervold AS, Lundervold A. An overview of deep learning in medical imaging focusing on MRI. Z Med Phys 2018; 29:102-127. [PMID: 30553609 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
What has happened in machine learning lately, and what does it mean for the future of medical image analysis? Machine learning has witnessed a tremendous amount of attention over the last few years. The current boom started around 2009 when so-called deep artificial neural networks began outperforming other established models on a number of important benchmarks. Deep neural networks are now the state-of-the-art machine learning models across a variety of areas, from image analysis to natural language processing, and widely deployed in academia and industry. These developments have a huge potential for medical imaging technology, medical data analysis, medical diagnostics and healthcare in general, slowly being realized. We provide a short overview of recent advances and some associated challenges in machine learning applied to medical image processing and image analysis. As this has become a very broad and fast expanding field we will not survey the entire landscape of applications, but put particular focus on deep learning in MRI. Our aim is threefold: (i) give a brief introduction to deep learning with pointers to core references; (ii) indicate how deep learning has been applied to the entire MRI processing chain, from acquisition to image retrieval, from segmentation to disease prediction; (iii) provide a starting point for people interested in experimenting and perhaps contributing to the field of deep learning for medical imaging by pointing out good educational resources, state-of-the-art open-source code, and interesting sources of data and problems related medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Selvikvåg Lundervold
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Computing, Mathematics and Physics, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway.
| | - Arvid Lundervold
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre (MMIV), Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Neuroinformatics and Image Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway.
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172
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Yu FF, Chiang FL, Stephens N, Huang SY, Bilgic B, Tantiwongkosi B, Romero R. Characterization of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping in conjunction with diffusion tensor imaging. Neuroradiology 2018; 61:71-79. [PMID: 30539215 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is influenced by iron as well as myelin, which makes interpretation of pathologic changes challenging. Concurrent acquisition of MR sequences that are sensitive to axonal/myelin integrity, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), may provide context for interpreting quantitative susceptibility (QS) signal. The purpose of our study was to investigate alterations in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using QSM in conjunction with DTI. METHODS Twenty relapsing-remitting MS patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited for this prospective study. QS, radial diffusivity (RD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and R2* maps within the whole brain as well as individual tracts were generated for comparison between NAWM and HC white matter (HCWM). RESULTS MS lesions demonstrated significant differences in QS, FA, RD, and R2* compared to HCWM (p < 0.03). These metrics did not show a significant difference between whole-brain NAWM and HCWM. Among NAWM tracts, the cingulate gyri demonstrated significantly decreased QS compared to HCWM (p = 0.004). The forceps major showed significant differences in FA and RD without corresponding changes in QS (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION We found discordant changes in QSM and DTI metrics within the cingulate gyri and forceps major. This may potentially reflect the influence of paramagnetic substrates such as iron, which could be decreased along these NAWM tracts. Our results point to the potential role of QSM as a unique biomarker, although additional validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang F Yu
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Florence L Chiang
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Stephens
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bundhit Tantiwongkosi
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Romero
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Cheng J, Guan J, Mei Y, Xu L, Liu X, Feng Q, Chen W, Feng Y. A novel phase-unwrapping method by using phase-jump detection and local surface fitting: application to Dixon water-fat MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2630-2640. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jijing Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yingjie Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- Philips Healthcare; Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Xu
- Control Engineering College; Chengdu University of Information Technology; Chengdu China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Automation Engineering; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
| | - Qianjin Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Wufan Chen
- School of Automation Engineering; University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, School of Biomedical Engineering; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Ladd ME, Bachert P, Meyerspeer M, Moser E, Nagel AM, Norris DG, Schmitter S, Speck O, Straub S, Zaiss M. Pros and cons of ultra-high-field MRI/MRS for human application. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 109:1-50. [PMID: 30527132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopic techniques are widely used in humans both for clinical diagnostic applications and in basic research areas such as cognitive neuroimaging. In recent years, new human MR systems have become available operating at static magnetic fields of 7 T or higher (≥300 MHz proton frequency). Imaging human-sized objects at such high frequencies presents several challenges including non-uniform radiofrequency fields, enhanced susceptibility artifacts, and higher radiofrequency energy deposition in the tissue. On the other side of the scale are gains in signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio that allow finer structures to be visualized and smaller physiological effects to be detected. This review presents an overview of some of the latest methodological developments in human ultra-high field MRI/MRS as well as associated clinical and scientific applications. Emphasis is given to techniques that particularly benefit from the changing physical characteristics at high magnetic fields, including susceptibility-weighted imaging and phase-contrast techniques, imaging with X-nuclei, MR spectroscopy, CEST imaging, as well as functional MRI. In addition, more general methodological developments such as parallel transmission and motion correction will be discussed that are required to leverage the full potential of higher magnetic fields, and an overview of relevant physiological considerations of human high magnetic field exposure is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Peter Bachert
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David G Norris
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany.
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck-Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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Functional coherence of striatal resting-state networks is modulated by striatal iron content. Neuroimage 2018; 183:495-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Acosta-Cabronero J, Milovic C, Mattern H, Tejos C, Speck O, Callaghan MF. A robust multi-scale approach to quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 183:7-24. [PMID: 30075277 PMCID: PMC6215336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM), best known as a surrogate for tissue iron content, is becoming a highly relevant MRI contrast for monitoring cellular and vascular status in aging, addiction, traumatic brain injury and, in general, a wide range of neurological disorders. In this study we present a new Bayesian QSM algorithm, named Multi-Scale Dipole Inversion (MSDI), which builds on the nonlinear Morphology-Enabled Dipole Inversion (nMEDI) framework, incorporating three additional features: (i) improved implementation of Laplace's equation to reduce the influence of background fields through variable harmonic filtering and subsequent deconvolution, (ii) improved error control through dynamic phase-reliability compensation across spatial scales, and (iii) scalewise use of the morphological prior. More generally, this new pre-conditioned QSM formalism aims to reduce the impact of dipole-incompatible fields and measurement errors such as flow effects, poor signal-to-noise ratio or other data inconsistencies that can lead to streaking and shadowing artefacts. In terms of performance, MSDI is the first algorithm to rank in the top-10 for all metrics evaluated in the 2016 QSM Reconstruction Challenge. It also demonstrated lower variance than nMEDI and more stable behaviour in scan-rescan reproducibility experiments for different MRI acquisitions at 3 and 7 Tesla. In the present work, we also explored new forms of susceptibility MRI contrast making explicit use of the differential information across spatial scales. Specifically, we show MSDI-derived examples of: (i) enhanced anatomical detail with susceptibility inversions from short-range dipole fields (hereby referred to as High-Pass Susceptibility Mapping or HPSM), (ii) high specificity to venous-blood susceptibilities for highly regularised HPSM (making a case for MSDI-based Venography or VenoMSDI), (iii) improved tissue specificity (and possibly statistical conditioning) for Macroscopic-Vessel Suppressed Susceptibility Mapping (MVSSM), and (iv) high spatial specificity and definition for HPSM-based Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (HPSM-SWI) and related intensity projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Acosta-Cabronero
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Carlos Milovic
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hendrik Mattern
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Experimental Physics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Iv M, Samghabadi P, Holdsworth S, Gentles A, Rezaii P, Harsh G, Li G, Thomas R, Moseley M, Daldrup-Link HE, Vogel H, Wintermark M, Cheshier S, Yeom KW. Quantification of Macrophages in High-Grade Gliomas by Using Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI: A Pilot Study. Radiology 2018; 290:198-206. [PMID: 30398435 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2018181204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI as a noninvasive imaging biomarker of macrophages in adults with high-grade gliomas. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, adults with high-grade gliomas were enrolled between July 2015 and July 2017. Each participant was administered intravenous ferumoxytol (5 mg/kg) and underwent 3.0-T MRI 24 hours later. Two sites in each tumor were selected for intraoperative sampling on the basis of the degree of ferumoxytol-induced signal change. Susceptibility and the relaxation rates R2* (1/T2*) and R2 (1/T2) were obtained by region-of-interest analysis by using the respective postprocessed maps. Each sample was stained with Prussian blue, CD68, CD163, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Pearson correlation and linear mixed models were performed to assess the relationship between imaging measurements and number of 400× magnification high-power fields with iron-containing macrophages. Results Ten adults (four male participants [mean age, 65 years ± 9 {standard deviation}; age range, 57-74 years] and six female participants [mean age, 53 years ± 12 years; age range, 32-65 years]; mean age of all participants, 58 years ± 12 [age range, 32-74 years]) with high-grade gliomas were included. Significant positive correlations were found between susceptibility, R2*, and R2' and the number of high-power fields with CD163-positive (r range, 0.64-0.71; P < .01) and CD68-positive (r range, 0.55-0.57; P value range, .01-.02) iron-containing macrophages. No significant correlation was found between R2 and CD163-positive (r = 0.33; P = .16) and CD68-positive (r = 0.24; P = .32) iron-containing macrophages. Similar significance results were obtained with linear mixed models. At histopathologic analysis, iron particles were found only in macrophages; none was found in glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive tumor cells. Conclusion MRI measurements of susceptibility, R2*, and R2' (R2* - R2) obtained after ferumoxytol administration correlate with iron-containing macrophage concentration, and this shows their potential as quantitative imaging markers of macrophages in malignant gliomas. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Peyman Samghabadi
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Samantha Holdsworth
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Andrew Gentles
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paymon Rezaii
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Griffith Harsh
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Gordon Li
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Reena Thomas
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael Moseley
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Hannes Vogel
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Max Wintermark
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- From the Departments of Radiology (M.I., P.R., H.E.D.L., M.W., K.W.Y.) and Pathology (P.S., H.V.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Grant Building, Room S031E, Stanford, CA 94305; Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging (S.H., M.M.) and Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics Research) (A.G.), Neurosurgery (G.H., G.L., S.C.), and Neurology (Neuro-Oncology) (R.T.), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
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Microstructural imaging of human neocortex in vivo. Neuroimage 2018; 182:184-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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179
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Pergola G, Danet L, Pitel AL, Carlesimo GA, Segobin S, Pariente J, Suchan B, Mitchell AS, Barbeau EJ. The Regulatory Role of the Human Mediodorsal Thalamus. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:1011-1025. [PMID: 30236489 PMCID: PMC6198112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The function of the human mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MD) has so far eluded a clear definition in terms of specific cognitive processes and tasks. Although it was at first proposed to play a role in long-term memory, a set of recent studies in animals and humans has revealed a more complex, and broader, role in several cognitive functions. The MD seems to play a multifaceted role in higher cognitive functions together with the prefrontal cortex and other cortical and subcortical brain areas. Specifically, we propose that the MD is involved in the regulation of cortical networks especially when the maintenance and temporal extension of persistent activity patterns in the frontal lobe areas are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Lola Danet
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS 31024, France; CHU Toulouse Purpan, Neurology Department, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Giovanni A Carlesimo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University and S. Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS 31024, France; CHU Toulouse Purpan, Neurology Department, Toulouse 31059, France
| | - Boris Suchan
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anna S Mitchell
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, The Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK; Equivalent contribution as last authors.
| | - Emmanuel J Barbeau
- Centre de recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR5549, Université de Toulouse - CNRS, Toulouse 31000, France; Equivalent contribution as last authors
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180
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Zhang Y, Shi J, Wei H, Han V, Zhu WZ, Liu C. Neonate and infant brain development from birth to 2 years assessed using MRI-based quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 185:349-360. [PMID: 30315906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain rapidly develops during the first two years following birth. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides information of iron and myelin variations. It is considered to be a valuable tool for studying brain development in early life. In the present work, QSM is performed on neonates, 1-year and 2-year old infants, as well as a group of adults for the purpose of reference. Age-specific templates representing common brain structures are built for each age group. The neonate and infant QSM templates have shown some unique findings compared to conventional T1w and T2w imaging techniques. The contrast between the gray and white matters on the QSM images did not change through brain development from neonate to adult. A linear correlation was found between brain myelination determined in this study and the microscopic myelin degree determined by a previous autopsy study. Also, the magnetic susceptibility values of the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) exhibit a gradually decreasing trend from birth to 2 years old and to adulthood. The findings suggest that the macromolecular content, myelin, and iron may play the most important contributing factors for the magnetic susceptibility of neonate and infant brain. QSM can be a powerful means to study early brain development and related pathologies that involve alterations in macromolecular content, iron, or brain myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Victor Han
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wen-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
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181
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Mattern H, Sciarra A, Lüsebrink F, Acosta-Cabronero J, Speck O. Prospective motion correction improves high-resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1605-1619. [PMID: 30298692 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent literature has shown the potential of high-resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with ultra-high field MRI for imaging the anatomy, the vasculature, and investigating their magnetostatic properties. Higher spatial resolutions, however, translate to longer scans resulting, therefore, in higher vulnerability to, and likelihood of, subject movement. We propose a gradient-recalled echo sequence with prospective motion correction (PMC) to address such limitation. METHODS Data from 4 subjects were acquired at 7T. The effect of small and large motion on QSM with and without PMC was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Full brain QSM and QSM-based venograms with up to 0.33 mm isotropic voxel size were reconstructed. RESULTS With PMC, motion artifacts in QSM and QSM-based venograms were largely eliminated, enabling-in both large- and small-amplitude motion regimes-accurate depiction of the cortex, vasculature, and other small anatomical structures that are often blurred as a result of head movement or indiscernible at lower image resolutions. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that uncorrected motion could bias regional susceptibility distributions, a trend that was greatly reduced with PMC. CONCLUSION Qualitatively, PMC prevented image degradation because of motion artifacts, providing highly detailed QSM images and venograms. Quantitatively, PMC increased the reproducibility of susceptibility measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Mattern
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Falk Lüsebrink
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julio Acosta-Cabronero
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Institute for Physics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
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182
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Chai C, Wang H, Liu S, Chu ZQ, Li J, Qian T, Haacke E, Xia S, Shen W. Increased iron deposition of deep cerebral gray matter structures in hemodialysis patients: A longitudinal study using quantitative susceptibility mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:786-799. [PMID: 30291651 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chai
- Department of Radiology; Tianjin First Central Hospital; Tianjin China
| | - Huiying Wang
- School of Graduates; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin China
| | - Saifeng Liu
- MRI Institute for Biomedical Research, Bingham Farms; Michigan USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chu
- Department of Hemodialysis; Tianjin First Central Hospital; Tianjin China
| | - Jinping Li
- Department of Hemodialysis; Tianjin First Central Hospital; Tianjin China
| | - Tianyi Qian
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare; Northeast Asia Beijing China
| | - E.M. Haacke
- Department of Radiology; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Radiology; Tianjin First Central Hospital; Tianjin China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology; Tianjin First Central Hospital; Tianjin China
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183
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The influence of brain iron and myelin on magnetic susceptibility and effective transverse relaxation - A biochemical and histological validation study. Neuroimage 2018; 179:117-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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184
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Diefenbach MN, Meineke J, Ruschke S, Baum T, Gersing A, Karampinos DC. On the sensitivity of quantitative susceptibility mapping for measuring trabecular bone density. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1739-1754. [PMID: 30265769 PMCID: PMC6585956 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a methodological framework to simultaneously measure R2* and magnetic susceptibility in trabecularized yellow bone marrow and to investigate the sensitivity of Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) for measuring trabecular bone density using a non‐UTE multi‐gradient echo sequence. Methods The ankle of 16 healthy volunteers and two patients was scanned using a time‐interleaved multi‐gradient‐echo (TIMGRE) sequence. After field mapping based on water–fat separation methods and background field removal based on the Laplacian boundary value method, three different QSM dipole inversion schemes were implemented. Mean susceptibility values in regions of different trabecular bone density in the calcaneus were compared to the corresponding values in the R2* maps, bone volume to total volume ratios (BV/TV) estimated from high resolution imaging (in 14 subjects), and CT attenuation (in two subjects). In addition, numerical simulations were performed in a simplified trabecular bone model of randomly positioned spherical bone inclusions to verify and compare the scaling of R2* and susceptibility with BV/TV. Results Differences in calcaneus trabecularization were well depicted in susceptibility maps, in good agreement with high‐resolution MR and CT images. Simulations and in vivo scans showed a linear relationship of measured susceptibility with BV/TV and R2*. The ankle in vivo results showed a strong linear correlation between susceptibility and R2* (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) with a slope and intercept of −0.004 and 0.2 ppm, respectively. Conclusions A method for multi‐paramteric mapping, including R2*‐mapping and QSM was developed for measuring trabecularized yellow bone marrow, showing good sensitivity of QSM for measuring trabecular bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian N Diefenbach
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Baum
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gersing
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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185
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Wiesinger F, Menini A, Solana AB. Looping Star. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:57-68. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiesinger
- ASL Europe, GE Healthcare; Munich Germany
- Department of Neuroimaging; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London; London United Kingdom
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186
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Du L, Zhao Z, Cui A, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Shi S, Fu C, Han X, Gao W, Song T, Xie L, Wang L, Sun S, Guo R, Ma G. Increased Iron Deposition on Brain Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Correlates with Decreased Cognitive Function in Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1849-1857. [PMID: 29722955 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of iron in deep gray structures is an important pathological characteristic in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is more specific than other imaging-based iron measurement modalities and allows noninvasive assessment of tissue magnetic susceptibility, which has been shown to correlate well with brain iron levels. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the magnetic susceptibility values of deep gray matter nuclei and the cognitive functions assessed by mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) in patients with mild and moderate AD. Thirty subjects with mild and moderate AD and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were scanned with a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The magnetic susceptibilities of the regions of interest (ROIs), including caudate nucleus (Cd), putamen (Pt), globus pallidus (Gp), thalamus (Th), red nucleus (Rn), substantia nigra (Sn), and dentate nucleus (Dn), were quantified by QSM. We found that the susceptibility values of the bilateral Cd and Pt were significantly higher in AD patients than the controls ( P < 0.05). In contrast, bilateral Rn had significantly lower susceptibility values in AD than the controls. Regardless of gender and age, the increase of magnetic susceptibility in the left Cd was significantly correlated with the decrease of MMSE scores and MoCA scores ( P < 0.05). Our study indicated that magnetic susceptibility value of left Cd could be potentially used as a biomarker of disease severity in mild and moderate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ailing Cui
- Anatomy Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000 Shanxi China
| | - Yijiang Zhu
- Department of Imaging, ANHUI Provincial Hospital, Hefei, 230000 Anhui China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Science and Education, Shangluo Central Hospital, Shangluo 726000, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sumin Shi
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Fu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianbin Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lizhi Xie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runcai Guo
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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187
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Keuken MC, Isaacs BR, Trampel R, van der Zwaag W, Forstmann BU. Visualizing the Human Subcortex Using Ultra-high Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:513-545. [PMID: 29497874 PMCID: PMC5999196 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the recent increased availability of ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), substantial progress has been made in visualizing the human brain, which can now be done in extraordinary detail. This review provides an extensive overview of the use of UHF MRI in visualizing the human subcortex for both healthy and patient populations. The high inter-subject variability in size and location of subcortical structures limits the usability of atlases in the midbrain. Fortunately, the combined results of this review indicate that a large number of subcortical areas can be visualized in individual space using UHF MRI. Current limitations and potential solutions of UHF MRI for visualizing the subcortex are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Keuken
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - B R Isaacs
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Trampel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - B U Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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188
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Sun H, Ma Y, MacDonald ME, Pike GB. Whole head quantitative susceptibility mapping using a least-norm direct dipole inversion method. Neuroimage 2018; 179:166-175. [PMID: 29906634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A new dipole field inversion method for whole head quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is proposed. Instead of performing background field removal and local field inversion sequentially, the proposed method performs dipole field inversion directly on the total field map in a single step. To aid this under-determined and ill-posed inversion process and obtain robust QSM images, Tikhonov regularization is implemented to seek the local susceptibility solution with the least-norm (LN) using the L-curve criterion. The proposed LN-QSM does not require brain edge erosion, thereby preserving the cerebral cortex in the final images. This should improve its applicability for QSM-based cortical grey matter measurement, functional imaging and venography of full brain. Furthermore, LN-QSM also enables susceptibility mapping of the entire head without the need for brain extraction, which makes QSM reconstruction more automated and less dependent on intermediate pre-processing methods and their associated parameters. It is shown that the proposed LN-QSM method reduced errors in a numerical phantom simulation, improved accuracy in a gadolinium phantom experiment, and suppressed artefacts in nine subjects, as compared to two-step and other single-step QSM methods. Measurements of deep grey matter and skull susceptibilities from LN-QSM are consistent with established reconstruction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Ethan MacDonald
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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189
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Schneider TM, Nagel AM, Zorn M, Wetscherek A, Bendszus M, Ladd ME, Straub S. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and 23 Na imaging-based in vitro characterization of blood clotting kinetics. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3926. [PMID: 29694688 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood clotting is a fundamental biochemical process in post-hemorrhagic hemostasis. Although the varying appearance of coagulating blood in T1 - and T2 -weighted images is widely used to qualitatively determine bleeding age, the technique permits only a rough discrimination of coagulation stages, and it remains difficult to distinguish acute and chronic hemorrhagic stages because of low T1 - and T2 -weighted signal intensities in both instances. To investigate new biomedical parameters for magnetic resonance imaging-based characterization of blood clotting kinetics, sodium imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) were compared with conventional T1 - and T2 -weighted imaging, as well as with biochemical hemolysis parameters. For this purpose, a blood-filled spherical agar phantom was investigated daily for 14 days, as well as after 24 days at 7 T after initial preparation with fresh blood. T1 - and T2 -weighted sequences, a three-dimensional (3D) gradient echo sequence and a density-adapted 3D radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence for 23 Na imaging were applied. For hemolysis estimations, free hemoglobin and free potassium concentrations were measured photometrically and with the direct ion-selective electrode method, respectively, in separate heparinized whole-blood samples along the same timeline. Initial mean susceptibility was low (0.154 ± 0.020 ppm) and increased steadily during the course of coagulation to reach up to 0.570 ± 0.165 ppm. The highest total sodium (NaT) values (1.02 ± 0.06 arbitrary units) in the clot were observed initially, dropped to 0.69 ± 0.13 arbitrary units after one day and increased again to initial values. Compartmentalized sodium (NaS) showed a similar signal evolution, and the NaS/NaT ratio steadily increased over clot evolution. QSM depicts clot evolution in vitro as a process associated with hemoglobin accumulation and transformation, and enables the differentiation of the acute and chronic coagulation stages. Sodium imaging visualizes clotting independent of susceptibility and seems to correspond to clot integrity. A combination of QSM and sodium imaging may enhance the characterization of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till M Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Zorn
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wetscherek
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Straub
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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190
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Kadamangudi S, Reutens D, Sood S, Vegh V. Signal compartments in ultra-high field multi-echo gradient echo MRI reflect underlying tissue microstructure in the brain. Neuroimage 2018; 178:403-413. [PMID: 29852284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gradient recalled echo magnetic resonance imaging (GRE-MRI) at ultra-high field holds great promise for new contrast mechanisms and delineation of putative tissue compartments that contribute to the multi-echo GRE-MRI signal may aid structural characterization. Several studies have adopted the three water-pool compartment model to study white matter brain regions, associating individual compartments with myelin, axonal and extracellular water. However, the number and identifiability of GRE-MRI signal compartments has not been fully explored. We undertook this task for human brain imaging data. Multiple echo time GRE-MRI data were acquired in five healthy participants, specific anatomical structures were segmented in each dataset (substantia nigra, caudate, insula, putamen, thalamus, fornix, internal capsule, corpus callosum and cerebrospinal fluid), and the signal fitted with models comprising one to six signal compartments using a complex-valued plane wave formulation. Information criteria and cluster analysis methods were used to ascertain the number of distinct compartments within the signal from each structure and to determine their respective frequency shifts. We identified five principal signal compartments with different relative contributions to each structure's signal. Voxel-based maps of the volume fraction of each of these compartments were generated and demonstrated spatial correlation with brain anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrinath Kadamangudi
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Surabhi Sood
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Viktor Vegh
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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191
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Kuehn E, Dinse J, Jakobsen E, Long X, Schäfer A, Bazin PL, Villringer A, Sereno MI, Margulies DS. Body Topography Parcellates Human Sensory and Motor Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3790-3805. [PMID: 28184419 PMCID: PMC6248394 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoarchitectonic map as proposed by Brodmann currently dominates models of human sensorimotor cortical structure, function, and plasticity. According to this model, primary motor cortex, area 4, and primary somatosensory cortex, area 3b, are homogenous areas, with the major division lying between the two. Accumulating empirical and theoretical evidence, however, has begun to question the validity of the Brodmann map for various cortical areas. Here, we combined in vivo cortical myelin mapping with functional connectivity analyses and topographic mapping techniques to reassess the validity of the Brodmann map in human primary sensorimotor cortex. We provide empirical evidence that area 4 and area 3b are not homogenous, but are subdivided into distinct cortical fields, each representing a major body part (the hand and the face). Myelin reductions at the hand-face borders are cortical layer-specific, and coincide with intrinsic functional connectivity borders as defined using large-scale resting state analyses. Our data extend the Brodmann model in human sensorimotor cortex and suggest that body parts are an important organizing principle, similar to the distinction between sensory and motor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kuehn
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0DG, UK.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39106, Germany.,Aging and Cognition Research Group, DZNE, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Juliane Dinse
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Estrid Jakobsen
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Xiangyu Long
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, LondonWC1H 0DG, UK
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig04103, Germany
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192
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Gulban OF, De Martino F, Vu AT, Yacoub E, Uğurbil K, Lenglet C. Cortical fibers orientation mapping using in-vivo whole brain 7 T diffusion MRI. Neuroimage 2018; 178:104-118. [PMID: 29753105 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion MRI of the cortical gray matter is challenging because the micro-environment probed by water molecules is much more complex than within the white matter. High spatial and angular resolutions are therefore necessary to uncover anisotropic diffusion patterns and laminar structures, which provide complementary (e.g. to anatomical and functional MRI) microstructural information about the cortex architectonic. Several ex-vivo and in-vivo MRI studies have recently addressed this question, however predominantly with an emphasis on specific cortical areas. There is currently no whole brain in-vivo data leveraging multi-shell diffusion MRI acquisition at high spatial resolution, and depth dependent analysis, to characterize the complex organization of cortical fibers. Here, we present unique in-vivo human 7T diffusion MRI data, and a dedicated cortical depth dependent analysis pipeline. We leverage the high spatial (1.05 mm isotropic) and angular (198 diffusion gradient directions) resolution of this whole brain dataset to improve cortical fiber orientations mapping, and study neurites (axons and/or dendrites) trajectories across cortical depths. Tangential fibers in superficial cortical depths and crossing fiber configurations in deep cortical depths are identified. Fibers gradually inserting into the gyral walls are visualized, which contributes to mitigating the gyral bias effect. Quantitative radiality maps and histograms in individual subjects and cortex-based aligned datasets further support our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer F Gulban
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Federico De Martino
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - An T Vu
- Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Essa Yacoub
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kamil Uğurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christophe Lenglet
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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193
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Loureiro JR, Himmelbach M, Ethofer T, Pohmann R, Martin P, Bause J, Grodd W, Scheffler K, Hagberg GE. In-vivo quantitative structural imaging of the human midbrain and the superior colliculus at 9.4T. Neuroimage 2018; 177:117-128. [PMID: 29729391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored anatomical details of the superior colliculus (SC) by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4T. The high signal-to-noise ratio allowed the acquisition of high resolution, multi-modal images with voxel sizes ranging between 176 × 132 × 600 μm and (800)3μm. Quantitative mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rate R1, the effective transverse relaxation rate R2*, and the magnetic susceptibility QSM was performed in 14 healthy volunteers. The images were analyzed in native space as well as after normalization to a common brain space (MNI). The coefficient-of-variation (CoV) across subjects was evaluated in prominent regions of the midbrain, reaching the best reproducibility (CoV of 5%) in the R2* maps of the SC in MNI space, while the CoV in the QSM maps remained high regardless of brain-space. To investigate whether more complex neurobiological architectural features could be detected, depth profiles through the SC layers towards the red nucleus (RN) were evaluated at different levels of the SC along the rostro-caudal axis. This analysis revealed alterations of the quantitative MRI parameters concordant with previous post mortem histology studies of the cyto- and myeloarchitecture of the SC. In general, the R1 maps were hyperintense in areas characterized by the presence of abundant myelinated fibers, and likely enabled detection of the deep white layer VII of the SC adjacent to the periaqueductal gray. While R1 maps failed to reveal finer details, possibly due to the relatively coarse spatial sampling used for this modality, these could be recovered in R2* maps and in QSM. In the central part of the SC along its rostro-caudal axis, increased R2* values and decreased susceptibility values were observed 2 mm below the SC surface, likely reflecting the myelinated fibers in the superficial optic layer (layer III). Towards the deeper layers, a second increase in R2* was paralleled by a paramagnetic shift in QSM suggesting the presence of an iron-rich layer about 3 mm below the surface of the SC, attributed to the intermediate gray layer (IV) composed of multipolar neurons. These results dovetail observations in histological specimens and animal studies and demonstrate that high-resolution multi-modal MRI at 9.4T can reveal several microstructural features of the SC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Loureiro
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Division of Neuropsychology, Centre for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Himmelbach
- Division of Neuropsychology, Centre for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Martin
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bause
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grodd
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela E Hagberg
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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194
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Zhang Y, Wei H, Cronin MJ, He N, Yan F, Liu C. Longitudinal atlas for normative human brain development and aging over the lifespan using quantitative susceptibility mapping. Neuroimage 2018; 171:176-189. [PMID: 29325780 PMCID: PMC5857468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal brain atlases play an important role in the study of human brain development and cognition. Existing atlases are mainly based on anatomical features derived from T1-and T2-weighted MRI. A 4D developmental quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) atlas may facilitate the estimation of age-related iron changes in deep gray matter nuclei and myelin changes in white matter. To this end, group-wise co-registered QSM templates were generated over various age intervals from age 1-83 years old. Registration was achieved by combining both T1-weighted and QSM images. Based on the proposed template, we created an accurate deep gray matter nuclei parcellation map (DGM map). Notably, we segmented thalamus into 5 sub-regions, i.e. the anterior nuclei, the median nuclei, the lateral nuclei, the pulvinar and the internal medullary lamina. Furthermore, we built a "whole brain QSM parcellation map" by combining existing cortical parcellation and white-matter atlases with the proposed DGM map. Based on the proposed QSM atlas, the segmentation accuracy of iron-rich nuclei using QSM is significantly improved, especially for children and adolescent subjects. The age-related progression of magnetic susceptibility in each of the deep gray matter nuclei, the hippocampus, and the amygdala was estimated. Our automated atlas-based analysis provided a systematic confirmation of previous findings on susceptibility progression with age resulting from manual ROI drawings in deep gray matter nuclei. The susceptibility development in the hippocampus and the amygdala follow an iron accumulation model; while in the thalamus sub-regions, the susceptibility development exhibits a variety of trends. It is envisioned that the newly developed 4D QSM atlas will serve as a template for studying brain iron deposition and myelination/demyelination in both normal aging and various brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Zhang
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Cronin
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
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195
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Quantifying iron content in magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroimage 2018; 187:77-92. [PMID: 29702183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring iron content has practical clinical indications in the study of diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ferritinopathies and multiple sclerosis as well as in the quantification of iron content in microbleeds and oxygen saturation in veins. In this work, we review the basic concepts behind imaging iron using T2, T2*, T2', phase and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the human brain, liver and heart, followed by the applications of in vivo iron quantification in neurodegenerative diseases, iron tagged cells and ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles.
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196
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Present and Future of Ultra-High Field MRI in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018; 18:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-018-0841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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197
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Zahr NM. The Aging Brain With HIV Infection: Effects of Alcoholism or Hepatitis C Comorbidity. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:56. [PMID: 29623036 PMCID: PMC5874324 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As successfully treated individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected age, cognitive and health challenges of normal aging ensue, burdened by HIV, treatment side effects, and high prevalence comorbidities, notably, Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In 2013, people over 55 years old accounted for 26% of the estimated number of people living with HIV (~1.2 million). The aging brain is increasingly vulnerable to endogenous and exogenous insult which, coupled with HIV infection and comorbid risk factors, can lead to additive or synergistic effects on cognitive and motor function. This paper reviews the literature on neuropsychological and in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation of the aging HIV brain, while also considering the effects of comorbidity for AUD and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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198
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199
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van Bergen JMG, Li X, Quevenco FC, Gietl AF, Treyer V, Meyer R, Buck A, Kaufmann PA, Nitsch RM, van Zijl PCM, Hock C, Unschuld PG. Simultaneous quantitative susceptibility mapping and Flutemetamol-PET suggests local correlation of iron and β-amyloid as an indicator of cognitive performance at high age. Neuroimage 2018; 174:308-316. [PMID: 29548847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of β-amyloid plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and recently published data suggest that increased brain iron burden may reflect pathologies that synergistically contribute to the development of cognitive dysfunction. While preclinical disease stages are considered most promising for therapeutic intervention, the link between emerging AD-pathology and earliest clinical symptoms remains largely unclear. In the current study we therefore investigated local correlations between iron and β-amyloid plaques, and their possible association with cognitive performance in healthy older adults. 116 older adults (mean age 75 ± 7.4 years) received neuropsychological testing to calculate a composite cognitive score of performance in episodic memory, executive functioning, attention, language and communication. All participants were scanned on a combined PET-MRI instrument and were administered T1-sequences for anatomical mapping, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for assessing iron, and 18F-Flutemetamol-PET for estimating β-amyloid plaque load. Biological parametric mapping (BPM) was used to generate masks indicating voxels with significant (p < 0.05) correlation between susceptibility and 18F-Flutemetamol-SUVR. We found a bilateral pattern of clusters characterized by a statistical relationship between magnetic susceptibility and 18F-Flutemetamol-SUVR, indicating local correlations between iron and β-amyloid plaque deposition. For two bilateral clusters, located in the frontal and temporal cortex, significant relationships (p<0.05) between local β-amyloid and the composite cognitive performance score could be observed. No relationship between whole-cortex β-amyloid plaque load and cognitive performance was observable. Our data suggest that the local correlation of β-amyloid plaque load and iron deposition may provide relevant information regarding cognitive performance of healthy older adults. Further studies are needed to clarify pathological correlates of the local interaction of β-amyloid, iron and other causes of altered magnetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M G van Bergen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - X Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - F C Quevenco
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P C M van Zijl
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P G Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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200
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Haque ME, Gabr RE, Zhao X, Hasan KM, Valenzuela A, Narayana PA, Ting SM, Sun G, Savitz SI, Aronowski J. Serial quantitative neuroimaging of iron in the intracerebral hemorrhage pig model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:375-381. [PMID: 29292651 PMCID: PMC5851147 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17751548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron released after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is damaging to the brain. Measurement of the content and distribution of iron in the hematoma could predict brain damage. In this study, 16 Yorkshire piglets were subjected to autologous blood injection ICH model and studied longitudinally using quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* relaxivity MRI on day 1 and 7 post-ICH. Phantom calibration of susceptibility demonstrated (1) iron distribution heterogeneity within the hematoma and (2) natural absorption of iron from 154 ± 78 µg/mL (day 1) to 127 ± 33 µg/mL (day 7). R2* in the hematoma decreased at day 7. This method could be adopted for ICH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad E Haque
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Refaat E Gabr
- 2 Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiurong Zhao
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khader M Hasan
- 2 Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Valenzuela
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ponnada A Narayana
- 2 Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging at UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shun-Ming Ting
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guanghua Sun
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- 1 Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, McGovern 12339 Medical School at UTHealth , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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