151
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Hultberg M, Bodin H, Birgersson G. Impact on Wastewater Quality of Biopellets Composed of <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> and <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and Lipid Content in the Harvested Biomass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2019.117050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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152
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Stal LJ, Bolhuis H, Cretoiu MS. Phototrophic marine benthic microbiomes: the ecophysiology of these biological entities. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:1529-1551. [PMID: 30507057 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic biofilms are multispecies, self-sustaining and largely closed microbial ecosystems. They form macroscopic structures such as microbial mats and stromatolites. These sunlight-driven consortia consist of a number of functional groups of microorganisms that recycle the elements internally. Particularly, the sulfur cycle is discussed in more detail as this is fundamental to marine benthic microbial communities and because recently exciting new insights have been obtained. The cycling of elements demands a tight tuning of the various metabolic processes and require cooperation between the different groups of microorganisms. This is likely achieved through cell-to-cell communication and a biological clock. Biofilms may be considered as a macroscopic biological entity with its own physiology. We review the various components of some marine phototrophic biofilms and discuss their roles in the system. The importance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as the matrix for biofilm metabolism and as substrate for biofilm microorganisms is discussed. We particularly assess the importance of extracellular DNA, horizontal gene transfer and viruses for the generation of genetic diversity and innovation, and for rendering resilience to external forcing to these biological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Stal
- IBED Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Bolhuis
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana S Cretoiu
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA
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153
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Gaignard C, Gargouch N, Dubessay P, Delattre C, Pierre G, Laroche C, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. New horizons in culture and valorization of red microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:193-222. [PMID: 30500354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on marine microalgae has been abundantly published and patented these last years leading to the production and/or the characterization of some biomolecules such as pigments, proteins, enzymes, biofuels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes and hydrocolloids. This literature focusing on metabolic pathways, structural characterization of biomolecules, taxonomy, optimization of culture conditions, biorefinery and downstream process is often optimistic considering the valorization of these biocompounds. However, the accumulation of knowledge associated with the development of processes and technologies for biomass production and its treatment has sometimes led to success in the commercial arena. In the history of the microalgae market, red marine microalgae are well positioned particularly for applications in the field of high value pigment and hydrocolloid productions. This review aims to establish the state of the art of the diversity of red marine microalgae, the advances in characterization of their metabolites and the developments of bioprocesses to produce this biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gaignard
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nesrine Gargouch
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cedric Delattre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Laroche
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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154
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Suboptimal Temperature Acclimation Affects Kennedy Pathway Gene Expression, Lipidome and Metabolite Profile of Nannochloropsis salina during PUFA Enriched TAG Synthesis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110425. [PMID: 30388843 PMCID: PMC6266265 DOI: 10.3390/md16110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in therapeutic processes such as prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and dementia. We examined the physiology, PUFA accumulation and glycerol lipid biosynthesis in the marine microalga Nannochloropsis salina in response to constant suboptimal temperature (<20 °C). As expected, N. salina exhibited significantly reduced growth rate and photosynthetic activity compared to optimal cultivation temperature. Total fatty acid contents were not significantly elevated at reduced temperatures. Cultures grown at 5 °C had the highest quantity of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) (C20:5n3) and the lowest growth rate. Additionally, we monitored broadband lipid composition to model the occurrence of metabolic alteration and remodeling for various lipid pools. We focused on triacylglycerol (TAG) with elevated PUFA content. TAGs with EPA at all three acyl positions were higher at a cultivation temperature of 15 °C. Furthermore, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, which are polar lipids associated with chloroplast membranes, decreased with reduced cultivation temperatures. Moreover, gene expression analysis of key genes involved in Kennedy pathway for de novo TAG biosynthesis revealed bimodal variations in transcript level amongst the temperature treatments. Collectively, these results show that Nannochloropsis salina is a promising source of PUFA containing lipids.
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155
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Temperature effects on growth rates and fatty acid content in freshwater algae and cyanobacteria. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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156
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Silva JC, Echeveste P, Lombardi AT. Higher biomolecules yield in phytoplankton under copper exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:57-63. [PMID: 29859408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an important metal for industry, and its toxic threshold in natural ecosystems has increased since the industrial revolution. As an essential nutrient, it is required in minute amounts, being toxic in slightly increased concentrations, causing great biochemical transformation in microalgae. This study aimed at investigating the physiology of Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cosmopolitan species, exposed to copper concentrations including those that trigger intracellular biochemical modifications. The Cu exposure concentrations tested ranged from 0.1 to 25 µM, thus including environmentally important levels. Microalgae cultures were kept under controlled environmental conditions and monitored daily for cell density, in vivo chlorophyll a, and photosynthetic quantum yield (ΦM). After 24 h growth, free Cu2+ ions were determined, and after 96 h, cellular Cu concentration, total carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and cell volume were determined. The results showed that both free Cu2+ ions and cellular Cu increased with Cu increase in culture medium. Microalgae cell abundance and in vivo chlorophyll a were mostly affected at 2.5 µM Cu exposure (3.8 pg Cu cell-1) and above. Approximately 31% decrease of photosynthetic quantum yield was obtained at the highest Cu exposure concentration (25 µM; 25 pg Cu cell-1) in comparison with the control. However, at environmentally relevant copper concentrations (0.5 µM Cu; 0.4 pg Cu cell-1) cell volume increased in comparison with the control. Considering biomolecules accumulation per unit cell volume, the highest carbohydrates and proteins yield was obtained at 1.0 µM Cu (1.1 pg Cu cell-1), while for lipids higher Cu was necessary (2.5 µM Cu; 3.8 pg Cu cell-1). This study is a contribution to the understanding of the effects of environmentally significant copper concentrations in the physiology of S. quadricauda, as well as to biotechnological approach to increase biomolecule yield in microalgae production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Echeveste
- Botany Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Millennium Institute of Oceanography, Chile
| | - Ana Teresa Lombardi
- Botany Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Paulo, Brazil
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157
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Sánchez Roque Y, Pérez-Luna YDC, Moreira Acosta J, Farrera Vázquez N, Berrones Hernández R, Saldaña Trinidad S, Pathiyamattom JS. Evaluation of the population dynamics of microalgae isolated from the state of Chiapas, Mexico with respect to the nutritional quality of water. Biodivers Data J 2018:e28496. [PMID: 30294208 PMCID: PMC6170526 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As Chiapas state, México, counts on an extensive hydrography with diverse nutrimental and climatic characteristics, it therefore allows isolating and identifying microalgae with bioenergetics potential. For this purpose, samples from 8 locations were collected, corresponding to 6 rivers, a wastewater and a springwater. The isolation of microalgae was developed for 4 weeks with 12:12 light/dark cycles. We demonstrated that the most efficient means for the isolation of microalgae of the hydrographic areas evaluated was the medium BG11 with 80.53% effectiveness. Of the microalgal consortium identified, 90% are composed of microalgae belonging to the class Chlorophycear. It was shown that another factor favouring the richness of morphotypes identified in the Santo Domingo River is associated with adequate concentrations of macroelements such as nitrates, nitrites, ammonium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium at concentrations of 0.03 mg/l, 0.0006 mg/l, 0.08 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, 62.93 mg/l, 5.46 mg/l, 34.52 mg/l and 48.78 mg/l respectively and microelements such as copper, zinc, iron, andmanganese at concentrations less than 0.2 mg/l in all microelements. The identified morphotypes, according to literature, have lipid contents ranging from 2 to 90%; this is of biotechnological importance for the production of biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Sánchez Roque
- Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas, Suchiapa, Mexico Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas Suchiapa Mexico
| | | | - Joel Moreira Acosta
- Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez Mexico
| | - Neín Farrera Vázquez
- Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas Tuxtla Gutiérrez Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Saldaña Trinidad
- Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas, Suchiapa, Mexico Universidad Politécnica de Chiapas Suchiapa Mexico
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158
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Guo F, Bunn SE, Brett MT, Fry B, Hager H, Ouyang X, Kainz MJ. Feeding strategies for the acquisition of high-quality food sources in stream macroinvertebrates: Collecting, integrating, and mixed feeding. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2018; 63:1964-1978. [PMID: 30555183 PMCID: PMC6283091 DOI: 10.1002/lno.10818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic macroinvertebrates play an important functional role in energy transfer in food webs, linking basal food sources to upper trophic levels that include fish, birds, and humans. However, the trophic coupling of nutritional quality between macroinvertebrates and their food sources is still poorly understood. We conducted a field study in subalpine streams in Austria to investigate how the nutritional quality (measured by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LC-PUFAs) in macroinvertebrates changes relative to their basal food sources. Samples of macroinvertebrates, periphyton, and leaves were collected from 17 streams in July and October 2016 and their fatty acid (FA) composition was analyzed. Periphyton FA varied strongly with time and space, and their trophic effect on macroinvertebrate FA differed among functional feeding groups. The match between periphyton FA and macroinvertebrate FA decreased with increasing trophic levels, but LC-PUFA content increased with each trophic step from periphyton to grazers and finally predators. Macroinvertebrates fed selectively on, assimilated, and/or actively controlled their LC-PUFA, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20 : 5ω3) relative to their basal food sources in the face of spatial and temporal changes. Grazer FA profiles reflected periphyton FA with relatively good fidelity, and especially their EPA feeding strategy was primarily linked to periphyton FA variation across seasons. In contrast, shredders appeared to preferentially assimilate more EPA over other FA, which was determined by the availability of high-quality food over seasons. Predators may more actively control their LC-PUFA distribution with respect to different quality foods and showed less fidelity to the basal FA profiles in plants and prey. Overall, grazers and shredders showed relatively good fidelity to food FA profiles and performed as both "collectors" and "integrators" for LC-PUFA requirements across seasons, while predators at higher trophic levels were more "integrators" with added metabolic complexity leading to somewhat more divergent FA profiles. These results are potentially applicable for other aquatic consumers in freshwater and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Guo
- WasserCluster Lunz—Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchLunz am SeeAustria
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk AssessmentChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Stuart E. Bunn
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael T. Brett
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | - Brian Fry
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia
| | - Hannes Hager
- WasserCluster Lunz—Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchLunz am SeeAustria
| | - Xiaoguang Ouyang
- WasserCluster Lunz—Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchLunz am SeeAustria
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, and Earth System Science ProgrammeThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- WasserCluster Lunz—Inter‐University Centre for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchLunz am SeeAustria
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159
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Beca-Carretero P, Guihéneuf F, Marín-Guirao L, Bernardeau-Esteller J, García-Muñoz R, Stengel DB, Ruiz JM. Effects of an experimental heat wave on fatty acid composition in two Mediterranean seagrass species. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 134:27-37. [PMID: 29331284 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is emerging as one of the most critical threats to terrestrial and marine species worldwide. This study assessed the effects of simulated warming events in culture on two seagrass species, Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa, which play a key role in coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea. Changes in fatty acids as key metabolic indicators were assessed in specimens from two geographical populations of each species adapted to different in situ temperature regimes. Total fatty acid (TFA) content and composition were compared in C. nodosa and P. oceanica from natural populations and following exposure to heat stress in culture. After heat exposure, individuals of C. nodosa and P. oceanica adapted to colder temperatures in situ accumulated significantly more TFA than controls. For both species, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased, and the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased significantly after the heat treatment. These results highlight that populations of both species living at warmest temperatures in situ were more thermo-tolerant and exhibited a greater capacity to cope with heat stress by readjusting their lipid composition faster. Finally, exposure of seagrasses to warmer conditions may induce a decrease in PUFA/SFA ratio which could negatively affect their nutritional value and generate important consequences in the healthy state of next trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Beca-Carretero
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Freddy Guihéneuf
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanography Centre of Murcia, Spanish Oceanography Institute, Spain; Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Rocío García-Muñoz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanography Centre of Murcia, Spanish Oceanography Institute, Spain
| | - Dagmar B Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanography Centre of Murcia, Spanish Oceanography Institute, Spain
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160
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Keating JE, Glish GL. Dual Emitter Nano-Electrospray Ionization Coupled to Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry for Shotgun Lipidomics. Anal Chem 2018; 90:9117-9124. [PMID: 29989393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current lipidomics workflows are centered around acquisition of large data sets followed by lengthy data processing. A dual nESI-DIMS-MS platform was developed to perform real-time relative quantification between samples, providing data required for biomarker discovery and validation more quickly than traditional ESI-MS approaches. Nanosprayer activity and DIMS compensation field settings were controlled by a LabVIEW program synced to the accumulation portion of the ion trap scan function, allowing for full integration of the platform with a commercial mass spectrometer. By comparing samples with short electrospray pulses rather than constant electrospray, the DIMS and MS performance is normalized within an experiment, as signals are compared between individual mass spectra (ms time scale) rather than individual experiments (min-hr time scale). The platform was validated with lipid standards and extracts from nitrogen-deprived microalgae. Dual nESI-DIMS requires minimal system modification and is compatible with all traditional ion activation techniques and mass analyzers, making it a versatile improvement to shotgun lipidomics workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Keating
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Gary L Glish
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 United States
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161
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Lee MC, Park JC, Lee JS. Effects of environmental stressors on lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:83-92. [PMID: 29727774 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is crucial for the survival and propagation of the species, since lipids are an essential cellular component across animal taxa for maintaining homeostasis in the presence of environmental stressors. This review aims to summarize information on the lipid metabolism under environmental stressors in aquatic invertebrates. Fatty acid synthesis from glucose via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway is mostly well-conserved across animal taxa. The structure of free fatty acid (FFA) from both dietary and DNL pathway could be transformed by elongase and desaturase. In addition, FFA can be stored in lipid droplet as triacylglycerol, upon attachment to glycerol. However, due to the limited information on both gene and lipid composition, in-depth studies on the structural modification of FFA and their storage conformation are required. Despite previously validated evidences on the disturbance of the normal life cycle and lipid homeostasis by the environmental stressors (e.g., obesogens, salinity, temperature, pCO2, and nutrients) in the aquatic invertebrates, the mechanism behind these effects are still poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, omics approaches such as transcriptomic and proteomic analyses have been used, but there are still gaps in our knowledge on aquatic invertebrates as well as the lipidome. This paper provides a deeper understanding of lipid metabolism in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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162
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Long S, Kang S, Wang Q, Xu Y, Pan L, Hu J, Li M, Piao X. Dietary supplementation with DHA-rich microalgae improves performance, serum composition, carcass trait, antioxidant status, and fatty acid profile of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1881-1890. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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163
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Gonçalves S, Kahlert M, Almeida SFP, Figueira E. Assessing Cu impacts on freshwater diatoms: biochemical and metabolomic responses of Tabellaria flocculosa (Roth) Kützing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1234-1246. [PMID: 29996420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals are a recognised threat to aquatic organisms but the impact of metals such as copper (Cu) on benthic freshwater diatoms is poorly understood, even if diatoms are commonly used as water quality indicators. Our study aimed to elucidate the cellular targets of Cu toxicity and the mechanisms cells resort to counteract toxicity and to increase tolerance to Cu. A concerted approach analysing the biochemical, physiological and metabolome alterations in diatom cells was conducted by exposing the freshwater diatom Tabellaria flocculosa to 0, 0.3, 6 and 10μgCu/L. Cu was already toxic to T. flocculosa at concentrations common in environments and which are not usually considered to be contaminated (0.3μgCu/L). Under Cu impact, the metabolome of T. flocculosa changed significantly, especially at high concentrations (6 and 10μgCu/L). Cu toxicity was counteracted by increasing extracellular immobilization (EPS, frustulins), antioxidant (SOD, CAT) and detoxifying (GSTs) enzymes activity and low molecular weight antioxidants (GSH). These mechanisms were fuelled by higher energy production (increased ETS activity). At the highest Cu concentration (10μg/L), these processes were specially enhanced in an attempt to restrain the oxidative stress generated by high intracellular Cu concentrations. However, these mechanisms were not able to fully protect cells, and damage in membranes and proteins increased. Moreover, the decrease of hydroxylamine and unsaturated fatty acids and the increase of saturated fatty acids, 2-palmitoylglycerol, glycerol and diterpenoid compounds should be tested as new specific markers of Cu toxicity in future studies. This information can support the prediction of diatom behaviour in different Cu contamination levels, including highly impacted environments, such as mining scenarios, and may assist in environmental risk assessment policies and restoration programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Kahlert
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Salomé F P Almeida
- Department of Biology and GeoBioTec - GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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164
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Shin YS, Choi HI, Choi JW, Lee JS, Sung YJ, Sim SJ. Multilateral approach on enhancing economic viability of lipid production from microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 258:335-344. [PMID: 29555159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been rising as a feedstock for biofuel in response to the energy crisis. Due to a high lipid content, composed of fatty acids favorable for the biodiesel production, microalgae are still being investigated as an alternative to biodiesel. Environmental factors and process conditions can alternate the quality and the quantity of lipid produced by microalgae, which can be critical for the overall production of biodiesel. To maximize both the lipid content and the biomass productivity, it is necessary to start with robust algal strains and optimal physio-chemical properties of the culture environment in combination with a novel culture system. These accumulative approaches for cost reduction can take algal process one step closer in achieving the economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sol Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Il Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seop Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Sung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Sim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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165
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Effects of fundamental nutrient stresses on the lipid accumulation profiles in two diatom species Thalassiosira weissflogii and Chaetoceros muelleri. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1213-1224. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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166
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Zulu NN, Zienkiewicz K, Vollheyde K, Feussner I. Current trends to comprehend lipid metabolism in diatoms. Prog Lipid Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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167
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Martínez-Ruiz EB, Martínez-Jerónimo F. Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D produces different toxic effects in two different phytoplankters: A green microalga (Ankistrodesmus falcatus) and a toxigenic cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1566-1578. [PMID: 29070448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) in agriculture is an important source of pollution to water and soil. Toxicity of commonly used herbicides to non-target, planktonic photosynthetic organisms has not been described completely yet. Therefore, we determined the effect of subinhibitory 2,4-D concentrations on the Chlorophycean alga Ankistrodesmus falcatus and on a toxigenic strain of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Population growth, photosynthetic pigments, macromolecular biomarkers (carbohydrates, lipids, and protein), and antioxidant enzymes (catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were quantified, and the integrated biomarker response (IBR) was calculated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations were also performed. The 96-h median inhibitory concentration (IC50) for 2,4-D was 1353.80 and 71.20mgL-1 for the alga and the cyanobacterium, respectively. Under 2,4-D stress, both organisms increased pigments and macromolecules concentration, modified the activity of all the evaluated enzymes, and exhibited ultrastructural alterations. M. aeruginosa also increased microcystins production, and A. falcatus showed external morphological alterations. The green alga was tolerant to high concentrations of the herbicide, whereas the cyanobacterium exhibited sensitivity comparable to other phytoplankters. Both organisms were tolerant to comparatively high concentrations of the herbicide; however, negative effects on the assessed biomarkers and cell morphology were significant. Moreover, stimulation of the production of cyanotoxins under chemical stress could increase the risk for the biota in aquatic environments, related to herbicides pollution in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Berenice Martínez-Ruiz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
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168
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Mishra A, Medhi K, Maheshwari N, Srivastava S, Thakur IS. Biofuel production and phycoremediation by Chlorella sp. ISTLA1 isolated from landfill site. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:121-129. [PMID: 29335189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the biofuel production ability and potential of heavy metal remediation of Chlorella sp. ISTLA1 isolated from a landfill site. The strain was cultured in Bold's Basal medium at different concentration of NaHCO3 and pH. Response surface methodology was employed for the optimization of nutrient sources for higher lipid production. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of lipid and biomass was 365.42 and 833.14 mg L-1 respectively. GC-MS analysis of lipid indicated the presence of C8 to C31 organic compounds consisting mainly of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and oleic acid (C18:1). Additionally, remediation of heavy metals like Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe from waste water was observed by AAS and EDX. The removal efficiency was 82.6% for Zn, 56.5% for Cu, 79.8% for Mn and 40% for Fe. The study revealed simultaneous biodiesel production and waste water treatment by Chlorella sp. ISTLA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kristina Medhi
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neha Maheshwari
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Shaili Srivastava
- Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
| | - Indu Shekhar Thakur
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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169
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McKie-Krisberg ZM, Laurens LM, Huang A, Polle JE. Comparative energetics of carbon storage molecules in green algae. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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170
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Sato N, Awai K. "Prokaryotic Pathway" Is Not Prokaryotic: Noncyanobacterial Origin of the Chloroplast Lipid Biosynthetic Pathway Revealed by Comprehensive Phylogenomic Analysis. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 9:3162-3178. [PMID: 29145606 PMCID: PMC5716074 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid biosynthesis within the chloroplast, or more generally plastids, was conventionally called “prokaryotic pathway,” which produces glycerolipids bearing C18 acids at the sn-1 position and C16 acids at the sn-2 position, as in cyanobacteria such as Anabaena and Synechocystis. This positional specificity is determined during the synthesis of phosphatidate, which is a precursor to diacylglycerol, the acceptor of galactose for the synthesis of galactolipids. The first acylation at sn-1 is catalyzed by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT or GPT), whereas the second acylation at sn-2 is performed by lysophosphatidate acyltransferase (LPAAT, AGPAT, or PlsC). Here we present comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the origins of various acyltransferases involved in the synthesis of phosphatidate, as well as phosphatidate phosphatases in the chloroplasts. The results showed that the enzymes involved in the two steps of acylation in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts are entirely phylogenetically unrelated despite a previous report stating that the chloroplast LPAAT (ATS2) and cyanobacterial PlsC were sister groups. Phosphatidate phosphatases were separated into eukaryotic and prokaryotic clades, and the chloroplast enzymes were not of cyanobacterial origin, in contrast with another previous report. These results indicate that the lipid biosynthetic pathway in the chloroplasts or plastids did not originate from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont and is not “prokaryotic” in the context of endosymbiotic theory of plastid origin. This is another line of evidence for the discontinuity of plastids and cyanobacteria, which has been suggested in the glycolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Sato
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Awai
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, and Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Japan
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171
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Lipidomics of Thalassiosira pseudonana under Phosphorus Stress Reveal Underlying Phospholipid Substitution Dynamics and Novel Diglycosylceramide Substitutes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.02034-17. [PMID: 29305510 PMCID: PMC5835749 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02034-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton replace phosphorus-containing lipids (P-lipids) with non-P analogues, boosting growth in P-limited oceans. In the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, the substitution dynamics of lipid headgroups are well described, but those of the individual lipids, differing in fatty acid composition, are unknown. Moreover, the behavior of lipids outside the common headgroup classes and the relationship between lipid substitution and cellular particulate organic P (POP) have yet to be reported. We investigated these through the mass spectrometric lipidomics of P-replete (P+) and P-depleted (P-) T. pseudonana cultures. Nonlipidic POP was depleted rapidly by the initiation of P stress, followed by the cessation of P-lipid biosynthesis and per-cell reductions in the P-lipid levels of successive generations. Minor P-lipid degradative breakdown was observed, releasing P for other processes, but most P-lipids remained intact. This may confer an advantage on efficient heterotrophic lipid consumers in P-limited oceans. Glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC), the predominant P-lipid, was similar in composition to its betaine substitute lipid. During substitution, PC was less abundant per cell and was more highly unsaturated in composition. This may reflect underlying biosynthetic processes or the regulation of membrane biophysical properties subject to lipid substitution. Finally, levels of several diglycosylceramide lipids increased as much as 10-fold under P stress. These represent novel substitute lipids and potential biomarkers for the study of P limitation in situ, contributing to growing evidence highlighting the importance of sphingolipids in phycology. These findings contribute much to our understanding of P-lipid substitution, a powerful and widespread adaptation to P limitation in the oligotrophic ocean.IMPORTANCE Unicellular organisms replace phosphorus (P)-containing membrane lipids with non-P substitutes when P is scarce, allowing greater growth of populations. Previous research with the model diatom species Thalassiosira pseudonana grouped lipids by polar headgroups in their chemical structures. The significance of the research reported here is threefold. (i) We described the individual lipids within the headgroups during P-lipid substitution, revealing the relationships between lipid headgroups and hinting at the underlying biochemical processes. (ii) We measured total cellular P, placing P-lipid substitution in the context of the broader response to P stress and yielding insight into the implications of substitution in the marine environment. (iii) We identified lipids previously unknown in this system, revealing a new type of non-P substitute lipid, which is potentially useful as a biomarker for the investigation of P limitation in the ocean.
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Cold-induced metabolic conversion of haptophyte di- to tri-unsaturated C 37 alkenones used as palaeothermometer molecules. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2196. [PMID: 29396545 PMCID: PMC5797101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cosmopolitan marine haptophyte alga Emiliania huxleyi accumulates very long-chain (C37-C40) alkyl ketones with two to four trans-type carbon-carbon double bonds (alkenones). These compounds are used as biomarkers of haptophytes and as palaeothermometers for estimating sea-surface temperatures in biogeochemistry. However, the biosynthetic pathway of alkenones in algal cells remains enigmatic, although it is well known that the C37 tri-unsaturated alkenone (K37:3) becomes dominant at low temperatures, either by desaturation of K37:2 or by a separate pathway involving the elongation of tri-unsaturated alkenone precursors. Here, we present experimental evidence regarding K37:3 synthesis. Using the well-known cosmopolitan alkenone producer E. huxleyi, we labelled K37:2 with 13C by incubating cells with 13C-bicarbonate in the light at 25 °C under conditions of little if any K37:3 production. After stabilisation of the 13C-K37:2 level by depleting 13C-bicarbonate from the medium, the temperature was suddenly reduced to 15 °C. The 13C-K37:2 level rapidly decreased, and the 13C-K37:3 level increased, whereas the total 13C-K37 level—namely [K37:2 + K37:3]—remained constant. These 13C-pulse-chase-like experimental results indicate that 13C-K37:2 is converted directly to 13C-K37:3 by a desaturation reaction that is promoted by a cold signal. This clear-cut experimental evidence is indicative of the existence of a cold-signal-triggered desaturation reaction in alkenone biosynthesis.
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High-Resolution Lipidomics of the Early Life Stages of the Red Seaweed Porphyra dioica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010187. [PMID: 29342096 PMCID: PMC6017436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyra dioica is a commercial seaweed consumed all over the world, mostly in the shape of nori sheets used for “sushi” preparation. It is a well-known part of the Asian diet with health benefits, which have been associated, among others, to the high levels of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in this red alga. However, other highly valued lipids of Porphyra are polar lipids that remain largely undescribed and can have both nutritional value and bioactivity, thus could contribute to the valorization of this seaweed. In this context, the present work aims to identify the lipidome of two life cycle stages of the Atlantic species Porphyra dioica: the early life stage conchocelis produced in an indoor-nursery, and young blades produced outdoors using an integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) framework. Both the blades (gametophyte) and conchocelis (sporophyte) are commercialized in the food and cosmetics sectors. Liquid chromatography coupled to Q–Exactive high resolution-mass spectrometry (MS) platform was used to gain insight into the lipidome of these species. Our results allowed the identification of 110 and 100 lipid molecular species in the lipidome of the blade and conchocelis, respectively. These lipid molecular species were distributed as follows (blade/conchocelis): 14/15 glycolipids (GLs), 93/79 phospholipids (PLs), and 3/6 betaine lipids. Both life stages displayed a similar profile of GLs and comprised 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3) fatty acids that contribute to n-3 and n-6 fatty acid pool recorded and rank among the molecular species with higher potential bioactivity. PLs’ profile was different between the two life stages surveyed, mainly due to the number and relative abundance of molecular species. This finding suggests that differences between both life stages were more likely related with shifts in the lipids of extraplastidial membranes rather than in plastidial membranes. PLs contained n-6 and n-3 precursors and in both life stages of Porphyra dioica the n-6/n-3 ratio recorded was less than 2, highlighting the potential benefits of using these life stages in human diet to prevent chronic diseases. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes of blades (0.85 and 0.49, respectively) and conchocelis (0.34 and 0.30, respectively) are much lower than those reported for other Rhodophyta, which highlights their potential application as food or as functional ingredients. Overall, MS-based platforms represent a powerful tool to characterize lipid metabolism and target lipids along different life stages of algal species displaying complex life cycles (such as Porphyra dioica), contributing to their biotechnological application.
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174
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Thangavel K, Radha Krishnan P, Nagaiah S, Kuppusamy S, Chinnasamy S, Rajadorai JS, Nellaiappan Olaganathan G, Dananjeyan B. Growth and metabolic characteristics of oleaginous microalgal isolates from Nilgiri biosphere Reserve of India. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:1. [PMID: 29433435 PMCID: PMC5809961 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renewable energy for sustainable development is a subject of a worldwide debate since continuous utilization of non-renewable energy sources has a drastic impact on the environment and economy; a search for alternative energy resources is indispensable. Microalgae are promising and potential alternate energy resources for biodiesel production. Thus, our efforts were focused on surveying the natural diversity of microalgae for the production of biodiesel. The present study aimed at identification, isolation, and characterization of oleaginous microalgae from shola forests of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the biodiversity hot spot of India, where the microalgal diversity has not yet been systematically investigated. RESULTS Overall the higher biomass yield, higher lipid accumulation and thermotolerance observed in the isolated microalgal strains have been found to be the desirable traits for the efficient biodiesel production. Species composition and diversity analysis yielded ten potential microalgal isolates belonging to Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes. The chlorophytes exhibited higher growth rate, maximum biomass yield, and higher lipid accumulation than Cyanophyceae. Among the chlorophytes, the best performing strains were identified and represented by Acutodesmus dissociatus (TGA1), Chlorella sp. (TGA2), Chlamydomonadales sp. (TGA3) and Hindakia tetrachotoma (PGA1). The Chlamydomonadales sp. recorded with the highest growth rate, lipid accumulation and biomass yield of 0.28 ± 0.03 day-1 (μexp), 29.7 ± 0.69% and 134.17 ± 16.87 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. It was also found to grow well at various temperatures, viz., 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C, indicating its suitability for open pond cultivation. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis of stationary phase cultures of selected four algal strains by tandem mass spectrograph showed C16:0, C18:1 and C18:3 as dominant fatty acids suitable for biodiesel production. All the three strains except for Hindakia tetrachotoma (PGA1) recorded higher carbohydrate content and were considered as potential feed stocks for biodiesel production through hydrothermal liquefaction technology (HTL). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present investigation is a first systematic study on the microalgal diversity of soil and water samples from selected sites of NBR. The study resulted in isolation and characterization of ten potent oleaginous microalgae and found four cultures as promising feed stocks for biodiesel production. Of the four microalgae, Chlamydomonadales sp. (TGA3) was found to be significantly thermo-tolerant and can be considered as promising feedstock for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiselvi Thangavel
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Preethi Radha Krishnan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Srimeena Nagaiah
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Senthil Kuppusamy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Senthil Chinnasamy
- Biotechnology Division, Aban Infrastructure Pvt Ltd, Janpriya Crest, 113, Pantheon Road, Egmore, Chennai, 600 008 India
| | - Jude Sudhagar Rajadorai
- Forest College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam, 641301 Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Balachandar Dananjeyan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu India
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175
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Matich EK, Ghafari M, Camgoz E, Caliskan E, Pfeifer BA, Haznedaroglu BZ, Atilla-Gokcumen GE. Time-series lipidomic analysis of the oleaginous green microalga species Ettlia oleoabundans under nutrient stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:29. [PMID: 29441127 PMCID: PMC5800086 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1026-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are uniquely advantageous organisms cultured and harvested for several value-added biochemicals. A majority of these compounds are lipid-based, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which can be used for biofuel production, and their accumulation is most affected under nutrient stress conditions. As such, the balance between cellular homeostasis and lipid metabolism becomes more intricate to achieve efficiency in bioproduct synthesis. Lipidomics studies in microalgae are of great importance as biochemical diversity also plays a major role in lipid regulation among oleaginous species. METHODS The aim of this study was to analyze time-series changes in lipid families produced by microalga under different nutrient conditions and growth phases to gain comprehensive information at the cellular level. For this purpose, we worked with a highly adaptable, oleaginous, non-model green microalga species, Ettlia oleoabundans (a.k.a. Neochloris oleoabundans). Using a mass spectrometry-based untargeted and targeted metabolomics' approach, we analyzed the changes in major lipid families under both replete and deplete nitrogen and phosphorus conditions at four different time points covering exponential and stationary growth phases. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis of the lipid metabolism highlighted the accumulation of TAGs, which can be utilized for the production of biodiesel via transesterification, and depletion of chlorophylls and certain structural lipids required for photosynthesis, under nutrient deprived conditions. We also found a correlation between the depletion of digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) under nutrient deprivation. CONCLUSIONS High accumulation of TAGs under nutrient limitation as well as a depletion of other lipids of interest such as phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), DGDGs, SQDGs, and chlorophylls seem to be interconnected and related to the microalgal photosynthetic efficiency. Overall, our results provided key biochemical information on the lipid regulation and physiology of a non-model green microalga, along with optimization potential for biodiesel and other value-added product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. K. Matich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - M. Ghafari
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - E. Camgoz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E. Caliskan
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B. A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - B. Z. Haznedaroglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - G. E. Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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176
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Wu G, Gao Z, Du H, Lin B, Yan Y, Li G, Guo Y, Fu S, Wei G, Wang M, Cui M, Meng C. The effects of abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid on lipid accumulation in two freshwater Chlorella strains. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2018; 64:42-49. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanxun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Huanmin Du
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Yuchen Yan
- The Undergraduate Brigade, Second Military Medical University
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Yanyun Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Shenggui Fu
- School of Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Gongxiang Wei
- School of Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
| | - Chunxiao Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology
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177
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Total Fatty Acid Content Determination of Whole Microalgal Biomass Using In Situ Transesterification. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29199376 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aliphatic chains of fatty acids are the most prominent and potentially the highest value precursor constituents of algal biomass, and thus accurately quantifying the algal biomass total fatty acid content is a prerequisite for comparing algal strains, growth conditions, and processes. Direct, acid-catalyzed transesterification of whole microalgal biomass is a simple, effective, and widely used method to determine the fatty acid content in whole algal biomass. Such a direct transesterification procedure typically covers the following steps: first, solubilizing the lipids in the biomass matrix and then liberating the fatty acids to make these available for catalytic upgrading to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), subsequent extraction into hexane, and then quantification by gas chromatography. The method we describe here requires less than 10 mg of biomass per sample and is considered high-throughput and highly accurate.
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179
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Khan MI, Lee MG, Shin JH, Kim JD. Pretreatment optimization of the biomass of Microcystis aeruginosa for efficient bioethanol production. AMB Express 2017; 7:19. [PMID: 28063146 PMCID: PMC5218947 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered to be the future promising sources of biofuels and bio products. The algal carbohydrates can be fermented to bioethanol after pretreatment process. Efficient pretreatment of the biomass is one of the major requirements for commercialization of the algal based biofuels. In present study the microalga, M. aeruginsa was used for pretreatment optimization and bioethanol production. Treatment of algal biomass with CaO before acid and/or enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the degradation of algal cells. Monomeric sugars yield was increased more than twice when biomass was pretreated with CaO. Similarly, an increase was noted in the amount of fermentable sugars when biomass was subjected to invertase saccharification after acid or lysozyme pretreatment. Highest yield of fermentable sugars (16 mM/ml) in the centrifuged algal juice was obtained. 4 Different microorganisms' species were used individually and in combination for converting centrifuged algal juice to bioethanol. Comparatively higher yield of bioethanol (60 mM/ml) was obtained when the fermenter microorganisms were used in combination. The results demonstrated that M. arginase biomass can be efficiently pretreated to get higher yield of fermentable sugars for enhanced yield of bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Natational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 Korea
| | - Moon Geon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Natational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Natational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 Korea
| | - Jong Deog Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam Natational University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 Korea
- Research Center on Anti-Obesity and Health Care, Chonnam National University, San96-1, Dun-Duk Dong, Yeosu, Chonnam 550-749 Korea
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180
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Li Y, Liu W, Sun LP, Zhou ZG. Evidence for PII with NAGK interaction that regulates Arg synthesis in the microalga Myrmecia incisa in response to nitrogen starvation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16291. [PMID: 29176648 PMCID: PMC5701185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand why most eukaryotic microalgae accumulate lipids during nitrogen starvation stress, a gene, MiglnB, encoding PII, a signal transduction protein, was cloned from the arachidonic acid-rich microalga Myrmecia incisa Reisigl. Similarly to its homologues, MiPII contains three conserved T-, B-, and C-loops. In the presence of abundant Mg2+, ATP, and Gln, MiPII upregulates Arg biosynthesis by interacting with the rate-limiting enzyme, MiNAGK, as evidenced by yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation assays, and kinetics analysis of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However, this interaction of MiPII with MiNAGK is reversed by addition of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG). Moreover, this interaction is present in the chloroplasts of M. incisa, as illustrated cytologically by both immunoelectron microscopy and agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves to determine the subcellular localization of MiPII with MiNAGK. During the process of nitrogen starvation, soluble Arg levels in M. incisa are modulated by a change in MiNAGK enzymatic activity, both of which are significantly correlated (r = 0.854). A model for the manipulation of Arg biosynthesis via MiPII in M. incisa chloroplasts in response to nitrogen starvation is proposed. The ATP and 2-OG saved from Arg biosynthesis is thus suggested to facilitate the accumulation of fatty acids and triacylglycerol in M. incisa during exposure to nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources Conferred by Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,National Demonstration Center for the Experimental Teaching of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China. .,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences Conferred by Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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181
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Venkata Subhash G, Rajvanshi M, Navish Kumar B, Govindachary S, Prasad V, Dasgupta S. Carbon streaming in microalgae: extraction and analysis methods for high value compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1304-1316. [PMID: 28803061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that carbon-neutral biofuels and microalgae are eco-friendly options because of their high CO2 sequestering capability and ability to grow in wastewater/sea water and non-arable land. Also the intrinsic properties of microalgal systems can be exploited for high value compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids, pigments and proteins. This article provides a comprehensive review of various microalgae cultivation practices utilizing organic and inorganic carbon sources. The merits and demerits of the various extraction and analytical procedures have also been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Venkata Subhash
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India.
| | - Meghna Rajvanshi
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - B Navish Kumar
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Sridharan Govindachary
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Venkatesh Prasad
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Reliance Technology Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Reliance Corporate Park, Ghansoli, Thane-Belapur Road, Navi Mumbai 400701, India
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182
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Huang YT, Lai CW, Wu BW, Lin KS, Wu JC, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Wu KCW. Advances in bioconversion of microalgae with high biomass and lipid productivity. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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183
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Gonzalez-Silvera D, Pérez S, Korbee N, Figueroa FL, Asencio AD, Aboal M, López-Jiménez JÁ. Effects of global change factors on fatty acids and mycosporine-like amino acid production in Chroothece richteriana (Rhodophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:999-1009. [PMID: 28671727 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under natural conditions, Chroothece richteriana synthesizes a fairly high proportion of fatty acids. However, nothing is known about how environmental changes affect their production, or about the production of protective compounds, when colonies develop under full sunshine with high levels of UV radiation. In this study, wild colonies of C. richteriana were subjected to increasing temperature, conductivity, ammonium concentrations and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and UV radiations to assess the potential changes in lipid composition and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) concentration. The PERMANOVA analysis detected no differences for the whole fatty acid profile among treatments, but the percentages of α-linolenic acid and total polyunsaturated fatty acids increased at the lowest assayed temperature. The percentages of linoleic and α-linolenic acids increased with lowering temperature. γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids decreased with increasing conductivity, and a high arachidonic acid concentration was related with increased conductivity. The samples exposed to UVB radiation showed higher percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids, at the expense of saturated fatty acids. MAAs accumulation increased but not significantly at the lowest conductivity, and also with the highest PAR and UVR exposure, while ammonium and temperature had no effect. The observed changes are probably related with adaptations of both membrane fluidity to low temperature, and metabolism to protect cells against UV radiation damage. The results suggest the potential to change lipid composition and MAAs concentration in response to environmental stressful conditions due to climate change, and highlight the interest of the species in future research about the biotechnological production of both compound types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gonzalez-Silvera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Laboratorio de Algología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nathalie Korbee
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Avenida Cervantes, 2, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L Figueroa
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Avenida Cervantes, 2, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia D Asencio
- Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, E-03202, Alicante, Spain
| | - Marina Aboal
- Laboratorio de Algología, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain
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184
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Continuous selection pressure to improve temperature acclimation of Tisochrysis lutea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183547. [PMID: 28902878 PMCID: PMC5597117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature plays a key role in outdoor industrial cultivation of microalgae. Improving the thermal tolerance of microalgae to both daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations can thus contribute to increase their annual productivity. A long term selection experiment was carried out to increase the thermal niche (temperature range for which the growth is possible) of a neutral lipid overproducing strain of Tisochrysis lutea. The experimental protocol consisted to submit cells to daily variations of temperature for 7 months. The stress intensity, defined as the amplitude of daily temperature variations, was progressively increased along successive selection cycles. Only the amplitude of the temperature variations were increased, the daily average temperature was kept constant along the experiment. This protocol resulted in a thermal niche increase by 3°C (+16.5%), with an enhancement by 9% of the maximal growth rate. The selection process also affected T. lutea physiology, with a feature generally observed for ‘cold-temperature’ type of adaptation. The amount of total and neutral lipids was significantly increased, and eventually productivity was increased by 34%. This seven month selection experiment, carried out in a highly dynamic environment, challenges some of the hypotheses classically advanced to explain the temperature response of microalgae.
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185
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Rey F, Costa ED, Campos AM, Cartaxana P, Maciel E, Domingues P, Domingues MRM, Calado R, Cruz S. Kleptoplasty does not promote major shifts in the lipidome of macroalgal chloroplasts sequestered by the sacoglossan sea slug Elysia viridis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11502. [PMID: 28904377 PMCID: PMC5597624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sacoglossan sea slugs, also known as crawling leaves due to their photosynthetic activity, are highly selective feeders that incorporate chloroplasts from specific macroalgae. These “stolen” plastids - kleptoplasts - are kept functional inside animal cells and likely provide an alternative source of energy to their host. The mechanisms supporting the retention and functionality of kleptoplasts remain unknown. A lipidomic mass spectrometry-based analysis was performed to study kleptoplasty of the sacoglossan sea slug Elysia viridis fed with Codium tomentosum. Total lipid extract of both organisms was fractionated. The fraction rich in glycolipids, exclusive lipids from chloroplasts, and the fraction rich in betaine lipids, characteristic of algae, were analysed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-LC-MS). This approach allowed the identification of 81 molecular species, namely galactolipids (8 in both organisms), sulfolipids (17 in C. tomentosum and 13 in E. viridis) and betaine lipids (51 in C. tomentosum and 41 in E. viridis). These lipid classes presented similar lipidomic profiles in C. tomentosum and E. viridis, indicating that the necessary mechanisms to perform photosynthesis are preserved during the process of endosymbiosis. The present study shows that there are no major shifts in the lipidome of C. tomentosum chloroplasts sequestered by E. viridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Rey
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Campos
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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186
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Schmid M, Guihéneuf F, Stengel DB. Plasticity and remodelling of lipids support acclimation potential in two species of low-intertidal macroalgae, Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae) and Palmaria palmata (Rhodophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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187
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Goh FQY, Jeyakani J, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Tipthara P, Yeo Z, Wenk M, Clarke ND. Core features of triacylglyceride production in Ettlia oleoabundans revealed by lipidomic and gene expression profiling under distinct induction conditions. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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188
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Wu KC, Yau YH, Ho KC. Capability of microalgae for local saline sewage treatment towards biodiesel production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/82/1/012008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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189
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Sollich M, Yoshinaga MY, Häusler S, Price RE, Hinrichs KU, Bühring SI. Heat Stress Dictates Microbial Lipid Composition along a Thermal Gradient in Marine Sediments. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1550. [PMID: 28878741 PMCID: PMC5572230 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature exerts a first-order control on microbial populations, which constantly adjust the fluidity and permeability of their cell membrane lipids to minimize loss of energy by ion diffusion across the membrane. Analytical advances in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry have allowed the detection of a stunning diversity of bacterial and archaeal lipids in extreme environments such as hot springs, hydrothermal vents and deep subsurface marine sediments. Here, we investigated a thermal gradient from 18 to 101°C across a marine sediment field and tested the hypothesis that cell membrane lipids provide a major biochemical basis for the bioenergetics of archaea and bacteria under heat stress. This paper features a detailed lipidomics approach with the focus on membrane lipid structure-function. Membrane lipids analyzed here include polar lipids of bacteria and polar and core lipids of archaea. Reflecting the low permeability of their ether-linked isoprenoids, we found that archaeal polar lipids generally dominate over bacterial lipids in deep layers of the sediments influenced by hydrothermal fluids. A close examination of archaeal and bacterial lipids revealed a membrane quandary: not only low permeability, but also increased fluidity of membranes are required as a unified property of microbial membranes for energy conservation under heat stress. For instance, bacterial fatty acids were composed of longer chain lengths in concert with higher degree of unsaturation while archaea modified their tetraethers by incorporation of additional methyl groups at elevated sediment temperatures. It is possible that these configurations toward a more fluidized membrane at elevated temperatures are counterbalanced by the high abundance of archaeal glycolipids and bacterial sphingolipids, which could reduce membrane permeability through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Our results provide a new angle for interpreting membrane lipid structure-function enabling archaea and bacteria to survive and grow in hydrothermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sollich
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesBremen, Germany
| | - Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesBremen, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan Häusler
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremen, Germany
| | - Roy E Price
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesBremen, Germany.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony BrookNY, United States
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesBremen, Germany
| | - Solveig I Bühring
- University of Bremen, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental SciencesBremen, Germany
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190
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Tossavainen M, Nykänen A, Valkonen K, Ojala A, Kostia S, Romantschuk M. Culturing of Selenastrum on diluted composting fluids; conversion of waste to valuable algal biomass in presence of bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:205-213. [PMID: 28433909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth and fatty acid production of microalga Selenastrum sp. with associated bacteria was studied in lab-scale experiments in three composting leachate liquids. Nutrient reduction in cultures was measured at different initial substrate strengths. A small, pilot-scale photobioreactor (PBR) was used to verify lab-scale results. Similar growth conditions supported growth of both Selenastrum and bacteria. CO2 feed enhanced the production of biomass and lipids in PBR (2.4gL-1 and 17% DW) compared to lab-scale (0.1-1.6gL-1 and 4.0-6.5% DW) experiments. Also prolonged cultivation time increased lipid content in PBR. At both scales, NH4-N with an initial concentration of ca. 40mgL-1 was completely removed from the biowaste leachate. In lab-scale, maximal COD reduction was over 2000mgL-1, indicating mixotrophic growth of Selenastrum. Co-cultures are efficient in composting leachate liquid treatment, and conversion of waste to biomass is a promising approach to improve the bioeconomy of composting plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Tossavainen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - Anne Nykänen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Kalle Valkonen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anne Ojala
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Silja Kostia
- Faculty of Technology, Lahti University of Applied Sciences, Ståhlberginkatu 10, 15110 Lahti, Finland
| | - Martin Romantschuk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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191
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de Mello-Sampayo C, Paterna A, Polizzi A, Duarte D, Batista I, Pinto R, Gonçalves P, Raymundo A, Batista AP, Gouveia L, Silva-Lima B, Bandarra NM. Evaluation of Marine Microalga Diacronema vlkianum Biomass Fatty Acid Assimilation in Wistar Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071097. [PMID: 28671567 PMCID: PMC6152232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacronema vlkianum is a marine microalgae for which supposed health promoting effects have been claimed based on its phytochemical composition. The potential use of its biomass as health ingredient, including detox-shakes, and the lack of bioavailability studies were the main concerns. In order to evaluate the microalgae-biomass assimilation and its health-benefits, single-dose (CD1-mice) studies were followed by 66-days repeated-dose study in Wistar rats with the highest tested single-dose of microalgae equivalent to 101 mg/kg eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA). Microalgae-supplementation modulated EPA and docosapentaenoic acid enrichment at arachidonic acid content expenditure in erythrocytes and liver, while increasing EPA content of heart and adipose tissues of rats. Those fatty acid (FA) changes confirmed the D. vlkianum-biomass FA assimilation. The principal component analyses discriminated brain from other tissues, which formed two other groups (erythrocytes, liver, and heart separated from kidney and adipose tissues), pointing to a distinct signature of FA deposition for the brain and for the other organs. The improved serum lipid profile, omega-3 index and erythrocyte plasticity support the cardiovascular benefits of D. vlkianum. These results bolster the potential of D. vlkianum-biomass to become a “heart-healthy” food supplement providing a safe and renewable source of bioavailable omega-3 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina de Mello-Sampayo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Angela Paterna
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Ambra Polizzi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Diana Duarte
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal.
| | - Irineu Batista
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal.
| | - Rui Pinto
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Gonçalves
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal.
| | - Anabela Raymundo
- LEAF (Linking Landscape Environment Agriculture and Food), Research Center. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa. Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ana P Batista
- LEAF (Linking Landscape Environment Agriculture and Food), Research Center. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa. Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Luísa Gouveia
- LNEG_Bioenergy Unit, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal.
| | - Narcisa M Bandarra
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, Lisbon 1495-006, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, P 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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192
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Hess D, Napan K, McNeil BT, Torres EM, Guy T, McLean JE, Quinn JC. Quantification of effects of flue gas derived inorganic contaminants on microalgae growth system and end fate of contaminants. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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193
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Fatty Acid Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalgae Laminaria hyperborea with Special Reference to Acyl Glycerides, Polar Lipids, and Free Fatty Acids. J Lipids 2017; 2017:1029702. [PMID: 28713595 PMCID: PMC5496119 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1029702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A thorough analysis of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from the kelp species Laminaria hyperborea is presented. Lipid extracts were fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids, prior to derivatization and GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe (7.42 mg/g dry weight and 2.57 mg/g dry weight, resp.). The highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions with 590.6 ug/g dry weight and 100.9 ug/g dry weight for blade and stipe, respectively. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. The blade had the highest PUFA/SFA ratio compared to stipe (1.02 versus 0.76) and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio (0.8 versus 3.5). This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries, this can be of importance for production of different health products.
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194
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Garba L, Shukuri Mo M, Nurbaya Os S, Noor Zalih R. Review on Fatty Acid Desaturases and their Roles in Temperature Acclimatisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2017.282.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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195
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Cañavate JP, Armada I, Hachero-Cruzado I. Polar Lipids Analysis of Cultured Phytoplankton Reveals Significant Inter-taxa Changes, Low Influence of Growth Stage, and Usefulness in Chemotaxonomy. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:755-774. [PMID: 27837252 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The high lipid diversity of microalgae has been used to taxonomically differentiate phytoplankton taxa at the class level. However, important lipids such as phospholipids (PL) and betaine lipids (BL) with potential chemotaxonomy application in phytoplankton ecology have been scarcely studied. The chemotaxonomy value of PL and BL depends on their intraspecific extent of variation as microalgae respond to external changing factors. To determine such effects, lipid class changes occurring at different growth stages in 15 microalgae from ten different classes were analyzed. BL occurred in 14 species and were the less affected lipids by growth stage with diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-b-alanine (DGTA) showing the highest stability. PL were more influenced by growth stage with phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidyletanolamine (PE) declining towards older culture stages in some species. Glycolipids were the more common lipids, and no evident age-related variability pattern could be associated to taxonomic diversity. Selecting BL and PL as descriptor variables optimally distinguished microalgae taxonomic variability at all growth stages. Principal coordinate analysis arranged species through a main tendency from diacylglyceryl-hydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-b-alanine (DGCC) containing species (mainly dinoflagellates and haptophytes) to DGTA or PC containing species (mainly cryptophytes). Two diatom classes with similar fatty acid profiles could be distinguished from their respective content in DGTA (Bacillariophyceae) or DGCC (Mediophyceae). In green lineage classes (Trebouxiophyceae, Porphyridophyceae, and Chlorodendrophyceae), PC was a better descriptor than BL. BL and PL explained a higher proportion of microalgae taxonomic variation than did fatty acids and played a complementary role as lipid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cañavate
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Isabel Armada
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Hachero-Cruzado
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500-El Puerto de Santa Maria, Cádiz, Spain
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196
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Singh R, Parihar P, Singh M, Bajguz A, Kumar J, Singh S, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Uncovering Potential Applications of Cyanobacteria and Algal Metabolites in Biology, Agriculture and Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:515. [PMID: 28487674 PMCID: PMC5403934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and algae having complex photosynthetic systems can channelize absorbed solar energy into other forms of energy for production of food and metabolites. In addition, they are promising biocatalysts and can be used in the field of "white biotechnology" for enhancing the sustainable production of food, metabolites, and green energy sources such as biodiesel. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover the significance of various metabolites like phenolics, phytoene/terpenoids, phytols, sterols, free fatty acids, photoprotective compounds (MAAs, scytonemin, carotenoids, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds, etc.), phytohormones, cyanotoxins, biocides (algaecides, herbicides, and insecticides) etc. Apart from this, the importance of these metabolites as antibiotics, immunosuppressant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory agent has also been discussed. Metabolites obtained from cyanobacteria and algae have several biotechnological, industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses which have also been discussed in this review along with the emerging technology of their harvesting for enhancing the production of compounds like bioethanol, biofuel etc. at commercial level. In later sections, we have discussed genetically modified organisms and metabolite production from them. We have also briefly discussed the concept of bioprocessing highlighting the functioning of companies engaged in metabolites production as well as their cost effectiveness and challenges that are being addressed by these companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post-Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, Koriya, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
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197
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Lipid metabolism and potentials of biofuel and high added-value oil production in red algae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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198
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Lynch M, Marinov GK. Membranes, energetics, and evolution across the prokaryote-eukaryote divide. eLife 2017; 6:20437. [PMID: 28300533 PMCID: PMC5354521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the eukaryotic cell marked a profound moment in Earth’s history, with most of the visible biota coming to rely on intracellular membrane-bound organelles. It has been suggested that this evolutionary transition was critically dependent on the movement of ATP synthesis from the cell surface to mitochondrial membranes and the resultant boost to the energetic capacity of eukaryotic cells. However, contrary to this hypothesis, numerous lines of evidence suggest that eukaryotes are no more bioenergetically efficient than prokaryotes. Thus, although the origin of the mitochondrion was a key event in evolutionary history, there is no reason to think membrane bioenergetics played a direct, causal role in the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and the subsequent explosive diversification of cellular and organismal complexity. Over time, life on Earth has evolved into three large groups: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. The most familiar forms of life – such as fungi, plants and animals – all belong to the eukaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are simpler, single-celled organisms and are collectively referred to as prokaryotes. The hallmark feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain compartments called organelles that are surrounded by membranes. Each organelle supports different activities in the cell. Mitochondria, for example, are organelles that provide eukaryotes with most of their energy by producing energy-rich molecules called ATP. Prokaryotes lack mitochondria and instead produce their ATP on their cell surface membrane. Some researchers have suggested that mitochondria might actually be one of the reasons that eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotes and more varied in their shape and structure. The thinking is that producing ATP on dedicated membranes inside the cell, rather than on the cell surface, boosted the amount of energy available to eukaryotic cells and allowed them to diversify more. However, other researchers are not convinced by this view. Moreover, some recent evidence suggested that eukaryotes are no more efficient in producing energy than prokaryotes. Lynch and Marinov have now used computational and comparative analysis to compare the energy efficiency of different organisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes grown under defined conditions. To do the comparison, the results were scaled based on cell volume and the total surface area deployed in energy production. From their findings, Lynch and Marinov concluded that mitochondria did not enhance how much energy eukaryotes could produce per unit of cell volume in any substantial way. Although the origin of mitochondria was certainly a key event in evolutionary history, it is unlikely to have been responsible for the diversity and complexity of today’s life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
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199
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da Costa E, Melo T, Moreira ASP, Bernardo C, Helguero L, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Rego AM, Domingues P, Calado R, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Valorization of Lipids from Gracilaria sp. through Lipidomics and Decoding of Antiproliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E62. [PMID: 28257116 PMCID: PMC5367019 DOI: 10.3390/md15030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipidome of the red seaweed Gracilaria sp., cultivated on land-based integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, was assessed for the first time using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS and MS/MS). One hundred and forty-seven molecular species were identified in the lipidome of the Gracilaria genus and distributed between the glycolipids classes monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG), digalactosyl diacylglyceride (DGDG), sulfoquinovosyl monoacylglyceride (SQMG), sulfoquinovosyl diacylglyceride (SQDG), the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), lyso-PC, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), lyso-PG, phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatic acid (PA), inositolphosphoceramide (IPC), and betaine lipids monoacylglyceryl- and diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethyl homoserine (MGTS and DGTS). Antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects promoted by lipid extract of Gracilaria sp. were evaluated by monitoring cell viability in human cancer lines and by using murine macrophages, respectively. The lipid extract decreased cell viability of human T-47D breast cancer cells and of 5637 human bladder cancer cells (estimated half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.2 μg/mL and 12.9 μg/mL, respectively) and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) evoked by the Toll-like receptor 4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 (35% inhibition at a concentration of 100 μg/mL). These findings contribute to increase the ranking in the value-chain of Gracilaria sp. biomass cultivated under controlled conditions on IMTA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana S P Moreira
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carina Bernardo
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIMED), Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luisa Helguero
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIMED), Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (CNC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra & Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular (CNC), Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra & Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Andreia M Rego
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Abreu
- ALGAplus-Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados, Lda., 3830-196 Ílhavo, Portugal.
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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200
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Genetic identification of new microalgal species from Epe Lagoon of West Africa accumulating high lipids. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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