151
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Ingelman-Sundberg M. The missing heritability in pharmacogenomics: role of NFIB and other factors. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:453-455. [PMID: 35546341 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Biomedicum 5B, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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152
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Toyama M, Takasaki Y, Branko A, Kimura H, Kato H, Nawa Y, Kushima I, Ishizuka K, Shimamura T, Ogi T, Ozaki N. Exome sequencing of Japanese schizophrenia multiplex families supports the involvement of calcium ion channels. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268321. [PMID: 35536790 PMCID: PMC9089874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sequencing studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have focused on de novo genetic variants due to interpretability. However, investigating shared rare variants among patients in the same multiplex family is also important. Relatively large-scale analyses of SCZ multiplex families have been done in Caucasian populations, but whether detected variants are also pathogenic in the Japanese population is unclear because of ethnic differences in rare variants. Materials and methods We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 14 Japanese SCZ multiplex families. After quality control and filtering, we identified rare variants shared among affected persons within the same family. A gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify gene categories possibly affected by these candidate variants. Results We found 530 variants in 486 genes as potential candidate variants from the 14 SCZ multiplex families examined. The GO analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in calcium channel activity. Conclusion This study provides supporting evidence that calcium ion channel activity is involved in SCZ. WES of multiplex families is a potential means of identifying disease-associated rare variants for SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aleksic Branko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidekazu Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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153
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Zanelli J, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Pilecka I, Marques TR, Morgan K, Young AH, Mollon J. Dynamic and Static Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder After the First Episode. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:590-598. [PMID: 35064259 PMCID: PMC9077411 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have comprehensively examined the profile of cognitive functioning in first episode psychosis patients throughout the lifespan, and from first episode to chronic stage. We assessed functioning in general and specific cognitive functions, comparing both schizophrenia (N = 64) and bipolar I (N = 19) patients to controls (N = 103). Participants were from a population-based, case-control study of first episode psychosis patients, who were followed prospectively up to 10 years post first admission. A cognitive battery was administered at baseline and follow-up. By combining longitudinal and cross-sectional data, we were able to examine the cognitive profile of patients and controls throughout the entire age range of our sample (16-65). Schizophrenia patients exhibited widespread declines in IQ, executive function, visual memory, language ability, and verbal knowledge. However, the ages at which these declines occurred differed between functions. Deficits in verbal memory, working memory, processing speed, and visuospatial ability, on the other hand, were present at the first episode, and remained relatively static thereafter. Bipolar I patients also showed declines in IQ, verbal knowledge, and language ability, albeit at different ages to schizophrenia patients and only in verbal functions. Deficits on measures of verbal memory, processing speed, and executive function remained relatively static. Thus, both schizophrenia and bipolar I patients experienced cognitive decline in general and specific functions after the first episode, but the age at which these declines occurred differed between disorder and function. Cognitive remediation efforts may be most fruitful when targeting individual functions during specific time periods throughout adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Zanelli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Craig Morgan
- Centre for Public Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Izabela Pilecka
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Public Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Mollon
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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154
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Song J, Yao S, Kowalec K, Lu Y, Sariaslan A, Szatkiewicz JP, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Hultman CM, Sullivan PF. The impact of educational attainment, intelligence and intellectual disability on schizophrenia: a Swedish population-based register and genetic study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2439-2447. [PMID: 35379910 PMCID: PMC9135619 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01500-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is highly heterogenous and no subtypes characterizing treatment response or longitudinal course well. Cognitive impairment is a core clinical feature of SCZ and a determinant of poorer outcome. Genetic overlap between SCZ and cognitive traits is complex, with limited studies of comprehensive epidemiological and genomic evidence. To examine the relation between SCZ and three cognitive traits, educational attainment (EDU), premorbid cognitive ability, and intellectual disability (ID), we used two Swedish samples: a national cohort (14,230 SCZ cases and 3,816,264 controls) and a subsample with comprehensive genetic data (4992 cases and 6009 controls). Population-based analyses confirmed worse cognition as a risk factor for SCZ, and the pedigree and SNP-based genetic correlations were comparable. In the genotyped cases, those with high EDU and premorbid cognitive ability tended to have higher polygenetic risk scores (PRS) of EDU and intelligence and fewer rare exonic variants. Finally, by applying an empirical clustering method, we dissected SCZ cases into four replicable subgroups characterized by EDU and ID. In particular, the subgroup with higher EDU in the national cohort had fewer adverse outcomes including long hospitalization and death. In the genotyped subsample, this subgroup had higher PRS of EDU and no excess of rare genetic burdens than controls. In conclusion, we found extensive evidence of a robust relation between cognitive traits and SCZ, underscoring the importance of cognition in dissecting the heterogeneity of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaarina Kowalec
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- College of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amir Sariaslan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jin P Szatkiewicz
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebo University, Örebo, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Icahn School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Mt Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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155
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Su MH, Shih YH, Lin YF, Chen PC, Chen CY, Hsiao PC, Pan YJ, Liu YL, Tsai SJ, Kuo PH, Wu CS, Huang YT, Wang SH. Familial aggregation and shared genetic loading for major psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:800-810. [PMID: 35195735 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD), are highly comorbid with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying such comorbidity are understudied. This study explored the familial aggregation of common psychiatric disorders and type 2 diabetes by testing family history association, and investigated the shared genetic loading between them by testing the polygenic risk score (PRS) association. METHODS A total of 105,184 participants were recruited from the Taiwan Biobank, and genome-wide genotyping data were available for 95,238 participants. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-derived PRS for SCZ, MDD and BPD was calculated. Logistic regression was used to estimate the OR with CIs between a family history of SCZ/MDD/BPD and a family history of type 2 diabetes, and between the PRS and the risk of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS A family history of type 2 diabetes was associated with a family history of SCZ (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08, 1.40), MDD (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13, 1.26) and BPD (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.15, 1.39). Compared with paternal type 2 diabetes, maternal type 2 diabetes was associated with a higher risk of a family history of SCZ. SCZ PRS was negatively associated with type 2 diabetes in women (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.88, 0.97), but not in men; the effect of SCZ PRS reduced after adjusting for BMI. MDD PRS was positively associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00, 1.07); the effect of MDD PRS reduced after adjusting for BMI or smoking. BPD PRS was not associated with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The comorbidity of type 2 diabetes with psychiatric disorders may be explained by shared familial factors. The shared polygenic loading between MDD and type 2 diabetes implies not only pleiotropy but also a shared genetic aetiology for the mechanism behind the comorbidity. The negative correlation between polygenic loading for SCZ and type 2 diabetes implies the role of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Su
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsiu Shih
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Feng Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Chen
- Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Po-Chang Hsiao
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jiun Pan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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156
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Kuhns L, Kroon E, Colyer-Patel K, Cousijn J. Associations between cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and mood disorders: longitudinal, genetic, and neurocognitive evidence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1231-1249. [PMID: 34741634 PMCID: PMC9520129 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabis use among people with mood disorders increased in recent years. While comorbidity between cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (CUD), and mood disorders is high, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate (1) the epidemiological evidence for an association between cannabis use, CUD, and mood disorders; (2) prospective longitudinal, genetic, and neurocognitive evidence of underlying mechanisms; and (3) prognosis and treatment options for individuals with CUD and mood disorders. METHODS Narrative review of existing literature is identified through PubMed searches, reviews, and meta-analyses. Evidence was reviewed separately for depression, bipolar disorder, and suicide. RESULTS Current evidence is limited and mixed but suggestive of a bidirectional relationship between cannabis use, CUD, and the onset of depression. The evidence more consistently points to cannabis use preceding onset of bipolar disorder. Shared neurocognitive mechanisms and underlying genetic and environmental risk factors appear to explain part of the association. However, cannabis use itself may also influence the development of mood disorders, while others may initiate cannabis use to self-medicate symptoms. Comorbid cannabis use and CUD are associated with worse prognosis for depression and bipolar disorder including increased suicidal behaviors. Evidence for targeted treatments is limited. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence base is limited by the lack of well-controlled prospective longitudinal studies and clinical studies including comorbid individuals. Future studies in humans examining the causal pathways and potential mechanisms of the association between cannabis use, CUD, and mood disorder comorbidity are crucial for optimizing harm reduction and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Kuhns
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Emese Kroon
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karis Colyer-Patel
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience of Addiction (NofA, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- The Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center (ABC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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157
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Kjeldsen MMZ, Bricca A, Liu X, Frokjaer VG, Madsen KB, Munk-Olsen T. Family history of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for maternal postpartum depression: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 35422027 PMCID: PMC9011941 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-01952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common postpartum psychiatric disorder, affecting 11-15% of new mothers, and initiatives towards early identification and treatment are essential due to detrimental consequences. Family history of psychiatric disorders is a risk factor for developing psychiatric episodes outside the postpartum period, but evidence of the association between familial risk and PPD is not clear. Hence, the objective of this systematic review is to summarize the current literature on the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and PPD. METHODS This protocol has been developed and reported according to the PRISMA-P guidelines for systematic reviews. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception of the databases, supplemented with citation tracking and reference screening of the included studies. Two independent authors will examine all retrieved articles for inclusion in two steps: title/abstract screening and full-text screening. Eligible studies are case-control and cohort studies reporting a risk estimate for the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and PPD. Studies will be assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The association between family psychiatry and PPD will be combined in a meta-analysis using a restricted maximum likelihood method (REML). Heterogeneity will be quantified using I2 and investigated through meta-regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses, and publication bias will be evaluated via visual inspection of a funnel plot. The overall strength and quality of the findings will be evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach. If meta-analysis is not possible, data will be synthesized narratively in text and tables. DISCUSSION This systematic review will be the first to summarize current knowledge and present an overall estimate for the association between family history of psychiatric disorders and PPD. Evaluation of psychiatric family history as a PPD risk factor is essential to assist early identification of women at high risk of PPD in routine perinatal care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID: 277998 (registered 10th of September 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette-Marie Zacher Kjeldsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Alessio Bricca
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vibe G Frokjaer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Bang Madsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, 8210 Aarhus V, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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158
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de Zwarte SMC, Brouwer RM, Kahn RS, van Haren NEM. Schizophrenia and Bipolar Polygenic Risk Scores in Relation to Intracranial Volume. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040695. [PMID: 35456501 PMCID: PMC9026378 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping symptoms and a shared genetic background. Deviations in intracranial volume (ICV)—a marker for neurodevelopment—differ between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we investigated whether genetic risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is related to ICV in the general population by using the UK Biobank data (n = 20,196). Polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (SZ-PRS) and bipolar disorder (BD-PRS) were computed for 12 genome wide association study P-value thresholds (PT) for each individual and correlations with ICV were investigated. Partial correlations were performed at each PT to investigate whether disease specific genetic risk variants for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder show different relationships with ICV. ICV showed a negative correlation with SZ-PRS at PT ≥ 0.005 (r < −0.02, p < 0.005). ICV was not associated with BD-PRS; however, a positive correlation between BD-PRS and ICV at PT = 0.2 and PT = 0.4 (r = +0.02, p < 0.005) appeared when the genetic overlap between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder was accounted for. Despite small effect sizes, a higher load of schizophrenia risk genes is associated with a smaller ICV in the general population, while risk genes specific for bipolar disorder are correlated with a larger ICV. These findings suggest that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder risk genes, when accounting for the genetic overlap between both disorders, have opposite effects on early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (R.S.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.C.d.Z.); (N.E.M.v.H.)
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (R.S.K.)
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.M.B.); (R.S.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre Sophia, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (S.M.C.d.Z.); (N.E.M.v.H.)
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159
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Wu Y, Zhong Y, Liao X, Miao X, Yu J, Lai X, Zhang Y, Ma C, Pan H, Wang S. Transmembrane protein 108 inhibits the proliferation and myelination of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the corpus callosum. Mol Brain 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 35410424 PMCID: PMC8996597 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal white matter is a common neurobiological change in bipolar disorder, and dysregulation of myelination in oligodendrocytes (OLs) is the cause. Transmembrane protein 108 (Tmem108), as a susceptible gene of bipolar disorder, is expressed higher in OL lineage cells than any other lineage cells in the central nervous system. Moreover, Tmem108 mutant mice exhibit mania-like behaviors, belonging to one of the signs of bipolar disorder. However, it is unknown whether Tmem108 regulates the myelination of the OLs. Results Tmem108 expression in the corpus callosum decreased with the development, and OL progenitor cell proliferation and OL myelination were enhanced in the mutant mice. Moreover, the mutant mice exhibited mania-like behavior after acute restraint stress and were susceptible to drug-induced epilepsy. Conclusions Tmem108 inhibited OL progenitor cell proliferation and mitigated OL maturation in the corpus callosum, which may also provide a new role of Tmem108 involving bipolar disorder pathogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13041-022-00918-7.
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160
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Eken A, Akaslan DS, Baskak B, Münir K. Diagnostic Classification of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder by Using Dynamic Functional Connectivity: an fNIRS Study. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 376:109596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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161
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Zhao Z, Zhu L, Wu X, Chen Q, Xu B, Yang J, Guo X, Su L. Genome-wide association studies-supported rs12966547 variant of the long noncoding RNA LOC105372125 is significantly associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Han Chinese women. Psychiatr Genet 2022; 32:74-79. [PMID: 35191423 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have found that rs12966547 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in European populations. Recent studies showed that a genetic overlap may exist in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Here, we analyzed the associations between LOC105372125 rs12966547 polymorphism and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the Han Chinese population. METHODS Our study recruited 548 schizophrenia patients, 512 bipolar disorder patients, and 598 healthy controls. Genotyping of rs12966547 were performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS A significant association between rs12966547 polymorphism and susceptibility to bipolar disorder was observed after adjusting for sex and age (additive model: Padj = 0.040, recessive model: Padj = 0.044). However, no significant association was found between rs12966547 polymorphism and schizophrenia risk (all P > 0.05). In the analysis of gender, rs12966547 polymorphism was significantly associated with bipolar disorder (additive model: Padj = 0.027) and schizophrenia (dominant model: Padj = 0.039) in women. However, no significant association was found between rs12966547 polymorphism and the risk of bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in men (all Padj > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Polymorphism of rs12966547 on the long noncoding RNA LOC10537215 are a shared genetic variant of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Han Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Lulu Zhu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Xulong Wu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Qiang Chen
- Guangxi Brain Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingyi Xu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | - Jialei Yang
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
| | | | - Li Su
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning
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162
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What can genetics tell us about the schizophrenia construct? Schizophr Res 2022; 242:126-129. [PMID: 35125284 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hemager N, Christiani CJ, Thorup AAE, Spang KS, Ellersgaard D, Burton BK, Gregersen M, Greve AN, Wang Y, Nudel R, Mors O, Plessen KJ, Nordentoft M, Jepsen JRM. Neurocognitive heterogeneity in 7-year-old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: The Danish high risk and resilience study - VIA 7. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:214-223. [PMID: 35085674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of neurocognitive heterogeneity in young children at familial high-risk of bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) or schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) are important to investigate inter-individual neurocognitive differences. We aimed to identify neurocognitive subgroups, describe prevalence of FHR-BP or FHR-SZ children herein, and examine risk ratios (RR) compared with controls. METHODS In a population-based cohort of 514 7-year-old children (197 FHR-SZ, 118 FHR-BP, and 199 matched controls) we used hierarchical cluster analyses to identify subgroups across 14 neurocognitive indices. RESULTS Three neurocognitive subgroups were derived: A Mildly Impaired (30%), Typical (51%), and Above Average subgroup (19%). The Mildly Impaired subgroup significantly underperformed controls (Cohen d = 0.11-1.45; Ps < 0.001) except in set-shifting (P = .84). FHR-SZ children were significantly more prevalent in the Mildly Impaired subgroup; FHR-BP children were more so in the Above Average subgroup (X2 (2, N = 315) = 9.64, P < .01). 79.7% FHR-BP and 64.6% FHR-SZ children demonstrated typical or above average neurocognitive functions. Neurocognitive heterogeneity related significantly to concurrent functioning, psychopathology severity, home environment adequacy, and polygenic scores for schizophrenia (Ps <. 01). Compared with controls, FHR-SZ and FHR-BP children had a 93% (RR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.40-2.64) and 8% (RR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.71-1.66) increased risk of Mildly Impaired subgroup membership. LIMITATIONS Limitations include the cross-sectional design and smaller FHR-BP sample size. CONCLUSIONS Identification of neurocognitive heterogeneity in preadolescent children at FHR-BP or FHR-SZ may ease stigma and enable pre-emptive interventions to enhance neurocognitive functioning and resilience to mental illness in the impaired sub-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Hemager
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Camilla Jerlang Christiani
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Søborg Spang
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ditte Ellersgaard
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Klee Burton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maja Gregersen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aja Neergaard Greve
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ron Nudel
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Capital Region of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Jessica Plessen
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Gentoftevej 15, 4th floor, Copenhagen, Hellerup 2900, Denmark; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dalby M, Vitezic M, Plath N, Hammer-Helmich L, Jiang Y, Tian C, Dhamija D, Wilson CH, Hinds D, Sullivan PF, Buckholtz JW, Smoller JW. Characterizing mood disorders in the AFFECT study: a large, longitudinal, and phenotypically rich genetic cohort in the US. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:121. [PMID: 35338122 PMCID: PMC8956583 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There has recently been marked progress in identifying genetic risk factors for major depression (MD) and bipolar disorder (BD); however, few systematic efforts have been made to elucidate heterogeneity that exists within and across these diagnostic taxa. The Affective disorders, Environment, and Cognitive Trait (AFFECT) study presents an opportunity to identify and associate the structure of cognition and symptom-level domains across the mood disorder spectrum in a prospective study from a diverse US population.Participants were recruited from the 23andMe, Inc research participant database and through social media; self-reported diagnosis of MD or BD by a medical professional and medication status data were used to enrich for mood-disorder cases. Remote assessments were used to acquire an extensive range of phenotypes, including mood state, transdiagnostic symptom severity, task-based measures of cognition, environmental exposures, personality traits. In this paper we describe the study design, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of the cohort. In addition we report genetic ancestry, SNP heritability, and genetic correlations with other large cohorts of mood disorders.A total of 48,467 participants were enrolled: 14,768 with MD, 9864 with BD, and 23,835 controls. Upon enrollment, 47% of participants with MD and 27% with BD indicated being in an active mood episode. Cases reported early ages of onset (mean = 13.2 and 14.3 years for MD and BD, respectively), and high levels of recurrence (78.6% and 84.9% with >5 episodes), psychotherapy, and psychotropic medication use. SNP heritability on the liability scale for the ascertained MD participants (0.19-0.21) was consistent with the high level of disease severity in this cohort, while BD heritability estimates (0.16-0.22) were comparable to reports in other large scale genomic studies of mood disorders. Genetic correlations between the AFFECT cohort and other large-scale cohorts were high for MD but not for BD. By incorporating transdiagnostic symptom assessments, repeated measures, and genomic data, the AFFECT study represents a unique resource for dissecting the structure of mood disorders across multiple levels of analysis. In addition, the fully remote nature of the study provides valuable insights for future virtual and decentralized clinical trials within mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalby
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutete, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutete, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua W Buckholtz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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165
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Léger M, Wolff V, Kabuth B, Albuisson E, Ligier F. The mood disorder spectrum vs. schizophrenia decision tree: EDIPHAS research into the childhood and adolescence of 205 patients. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35300648 PMCID: PMC8932125 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection of patients at risk of developing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and more broadly mood spectrum disorder, is a public health concern. The phenotypical overlap between the prodromes in these disorders calls for a simultaneous investigation into both illness trajectories. METHOD This is an epidemiological, retrospective, multicentre, descriptive study conducted in the Grand-Est region of France in order to describe and compare early symptoms in 205 patients: 123 of which were diagnosed with schizophrenia and 82 with bipolar disorder or mood spectrum disorder. Data corresponding to the pre-morbid and prodromal phases, including a timeline of their onset, were studied in child and adolescent psychiatric records via a data grid based on the literature review conducted from birth to 17 years of age. RESULTS Two distinct trajectories were highlighted. Patients with schizophrenia tended to present more difficulties at each developmental stage, with the emergence of negative and positive behavioural symptoms during adolescence. Patients with mood spectrum disorder, however, were more likely to exhibit anxiety and then mood-related symptoms. Overall, our results corroborate current literature findings and are consistent with the neurodevelopmental process. We succeeded in extracting a decision tree with good predictability based on variables relating to one diagnosis: 77.6% of patients received a well-indexed diagnosis. An atypical profile was observed in future mood spectrum disorder patients as some exhibited numerous positive symptoms alongside more conventional mood-related symptoms. CONCLUSION The combination of all these data could help promote the early identification of high-risk patients thereby facilitating early prevention and appropriate intervention in order to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Léger
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent [University Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry], Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Nancy Psychotherapy Centre], F-54520 Laxou, France
| | - Vanessa Wolff
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent [University Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry], Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Nancy Psychotherapy Centre], F-54520 Laxou, France
| | - Bernard Kabuth
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent [University Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry], Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Nancy Psychotherapy Centre], F-54520 Laxou, France ,grid.29172.3f0000 0001 2194 6418EA 4432, PRISME, Université de Lorraine [Lorraine University], Laxou, France
| | - Eliane Albuisson
- grid.410527.50000 0004 1765 1301DRCI UMDS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy University Hospital, Laxou, France
| | - Fabienne Ligier
- Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [University Department of Childhood and Adolescent Psychiatry], Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy [Nancy Psychotherapy Centre], F-54520, Laxou, France. .,EA 4360 APEMAC, Université de Lorraine, Laxou, France.
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166
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Xu M, Zhang W, Hochwalt P, Yang C, Liu N, Qu J, Sun H, DelBello MP, Lui S, Nery FG. Structural connectivity associated with familial risk for mental illness: A meta‐analysis of diffusion tensor imaging studies in relatives of patients with severe mental disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2936-2950. [PMID: 35285560 PMCID: PMC9120564 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are heritable conditions with overlapping genetic liability. Transdiagnostic and disorder‐specific brain changes associated with familial risk for developing these disorders remain poorly understood. We carried out a meta‐analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to investigate white matter microstructure abnormalities in relatives that might correspond to shared and discrete biomarkers of familial risk for psychotic or mood disorders. A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify DTI studies in relatives of SCZ, BD, and MDD patients. Seed‐based d Mapping software was used to investigate global differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between overall and disorder‐specific relatives and healthy controls (HC). Our search identified 25 studies that met full inclusion criteria. A total of 1,144 relatives and 1,238 HC were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall relatives exhibited decreased FA in the genu and splenium of corpus callosum (CC) compared with HC. This finding was found highly replicable in jack‐knife analysis and subgroup analyses. In disorder‐specific analysis, compared to HC, relatives of SCZ patients exhibited the same changes while those of BD showed reduced FA in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). The present study showed decreased FA in the genu and splenium of CC in relatives of SCZ, BD, and MDD patients, which might represent a shared familial vulnerability marker of severe mental illness. The white matter abnormalities in the left ILF might represent a specific familial risk for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Xu
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Paul Hochwalt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Melissa P. DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Fabiano G. Nery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati Ohio USA
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167
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Mogensen MB, Macoveanu J, Knudsen GM, Ott CV, Miskowiak KW. Influence of pre-treatment structural brain measures on effects of action-based cognitive remediation on executive function in partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 56:50-59. [PMID: 34933219 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an emerging treatment target in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) but so far, no evidence-based treatment options are available. Recent studies indicate promising effects of Cognitive Remediation (CR) interventions, but it is unclear who responds most to these interventions. This report aimed to investigate whether pre-treatment dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) thickness predicts improvement of executive function in response to Action-Based Cognitive Remediation (ABCR) in patients with BD. Complete baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were available from 45 partially or fully remitted patients with BD from our randomized controlled ABCR trial (ABCR: n = 25, control group: n = 20). We performed cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation using FreeSurfer. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of dPFC thickness on ABCR-related executive function improvement, reflected by change in the One Touch Stocking of Cambridge performance from baseline to post-treatment. We also conducted whole brain vertex wise analysis for exploratory purposes. Groups were well-matched for demographic and clinical variables. Less pre-treatment dPFC thickness was associated with greater effect of ABCR on executive function (p = 0.02). Further, whole-brain vertex analysis revealed an association between smaller pre-treatment superior temporal gyrus volume and greater ABCR-related executive function improvement. The observed associations suggest that structural abnormalities in dPFC and superior temporal gyrus are key neurocircuitry treatment targets for CR interventions that target impaired executive function in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mogensen
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - J Macoveanu
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - G M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C V Ott
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - K W Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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168
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Novel disease associations with schizophrenia genetic risk revealed in ~400,000 UK Biobank participants. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1448-1454. [PMID: 34799693 PMCID: PMC9106855 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with considerable somatic and psychiatric morbidity. It is unclear whether comorbid health conditions predominantly arise due to shared genetic risk or consequent to having schizophrenia. To explore the contribution of genetic risk for schizophrenia, we analysed the effect of schizophrenia polygenic risk scores (PRS) on a broad range of health problems in 406 929 individuals with no schizophrenia diagnosis from the UK Biobank. Diagnoses were derived from linked health data including primary care, hospital inpatient records, and registers with information on cancer and deaths. Schizophrenia PRS were generated and tested for associations with general health conditions, 16 ICD10 main chapters, and 603 diseases using linear and logistic regressions. Higher schizophrenia PRS was significantly associated with poorer overall health ratings, more hospital inpatient diagnoses, and more unique illnesses. It was also significantly positively associated with 4 ICD10 chapters: mental disorders; respiratory diseases; digestive diseases; and pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, but negatively associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Thirty-one specific phenotypes were significantly associated with schizophrenia PRS, and the 19 novel findings include several musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, varicose veins, pituitary hyperfunction, and other peripheral nerve disorders. These findings extend knowledge of the pleiotropic effect of genetic risk for schizophrenia and offer insight into how some conditions often comorbid with schizophrenia arise. Additional studies incorporating the genetic basis of hormone regulation and involvement of immune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia may further elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia and its comorbid conditions.
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169
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Wiström ED, O'Connell KS, Karadag N, Bahrami S, Hindley GFL, Lin A, Cheng W, Steen NE, Shadrin A, Frei O, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Andreassen OA, Smeland OB. Genome-wide analysis reveals genetic overlap between alcohol use behaviours, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and identifies novel shared risk loci. Addiction 2022; 117:600-610. [PMID: 34472679 DOI: 10.1111/add.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have a high comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD), and both comorbid AUD and excessive alcohol consumption (AC) have been linked to greater illness severity. We aimed to identify genomic loci jointly associated with SCZ, BD, AUD and AC to gain further insights into their shared genetic architecture. DESIGN We analysed summary data (P values and Z scores) from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) analysis, which increases power to discover shared genomic loci. We functionally characterized the identified loci using publicly available biological resources. SETTING AUD and AC data provided by the Million Veteran Program, derived from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. SCZ and BD data provided by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, based on cohorts from countries in Europe, North America and Australia. PARTICIPANTS AUD (34 658 cases, 167 346 controls), AC (n = 200 680), SCZ (31 013 cases and 38 918 controls), BD (20 352 cases and 31 358 controls). All participants were of European ancestry. MEASUREMENTS Genomic loci shared between alcohol traits, SCZ and BD at conjFDR <0.05. FINDINGS Conditional Q-Q plots showed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) enrichment for both alcohol traits across different levels of significance with SCZ and BD, and vice versa. Using conjFDR analysis we leveraged this genetic enrichment and identified several loci shared between SCZ and AUD (n = 28) and AC (n = 24), BD and AUD (n = 2) and AC (n = 8) at conjFDR <0.05. Among these loci, 24 are novel for AUD, 15 are novel for AC, three are novel for SCZ and one is novel for BD. There was a mixture of same and opposite effect directions among the shared loci. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption share genomic loci with the psychiatric disorders schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with a mixed pattern of effect directions, indicating a complex genetic relationship between the phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Wiström
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O'Connell
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naz Karadag
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aihua Lin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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170
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El Nagar Z, El Shahawi HH, Effat SM, El Sheikh MM, Adel A, Ibrahim YA, Aufa OM. Single episode brief psychotic disorder versus bipolar disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging and executive functions study. Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 27:100214. [PMID: 34557386 PMCID: PMC8446778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite fast progress in neuroscientific approaches, the neurobiological continuum links psychotic spectrum, and affective disorder is obscure. White matter WM abnormalities found utilizing Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) showing impaired communication in both disorders have been consistently demonstrated; however, direct comparisons of findings between them are scarce. This study aims to study WM abnormalities in single episode bipolar I disorder, and single episode brief psychotic disorder related to healthy control with the association of executive function. METHODS A cross-sectional case-control study was used to assess 60 subjects divided into 20 patients with single episode bipolar I disorder, 20 individuals with single episode brief psychotic disorder (both groups of patients were in remission), and 20 healthy controls. The present study examined the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), and cingulum bundle fractional anisotropy (FA) determined from DTI images symmetrically and connected these results with cognitive functions as assessed by the trail making test (TMT) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST). RESULTS DTI data indicated that the psychotic group had a significant decrease in FA of the right SLF (p-value less than 0.001), left SLF (p-value less than 0.001), and left cingulum (p-value less than 0.001) than the bipolar I group. In terms of executive functioning, the psychotic group performed significantly worse than the bipolar I group on the TMT part B (p-value less than 0.001), the WCST (number of classifications fulfilled) (p-value less than 0.001), and perseverative errors (p-value less than 0.001). CONCLUSION Even after clinical remission, individuals with single episode brief psychotic disorder had more pronounced white matter impairments and executive function deficiencies than individuals with single episode bipolar I disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab El Nagar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba H. El Shahawi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safeya M. Effat
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M. El Sheikh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Adel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yosra A. Ibrahim
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M. Aufa
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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171
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Jeon EJ, Kang SH, Piao YH, Kim SW, Kim JJ, Lee BJ, Yu JC, Lee KY, Won SH, Lee SH, Kim SH, Kim ET, Kim CT, Oliver D, Fusar-Poli P, Rami FZ, Chung YC. Development of the Korea-Polyenvironmental Risk Score for Psychosis. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:197-206. [PMID: 35196829 PMCID: PMC8958209 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comprehensive understanding of polyenvironmental risk factors for the development of psychosis is important. Based on a review of related evidence, we developed the Korea Polyenvironmental Risk Score (K-PERS) for psychosis. We investigated whether the K-PERS can differentiate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) from healthy controls (HCs). METHODS We reviewed existing tools for measuring polyenvironmental risk factors for psychosis, including the Maudsley Environmental Risk Score (ERS), polyenviromic risk score (PERS), and Psychosis Polyrisk Score (PPS). Using odds ratios and relative risks for Western studies and the "population proportion" (PP) of risk factors for Korean data, we developed the K-PERS, and compared the scores thereon between patients with SSDs and HCs. In addition, correlation was performed between the K-PERS and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS We first constructed the "K-PERS-I," comprising five factors based on the PPS, and then the "K-PERS-II" comprising six factors based on the ERS. The instruments accurately predicted participants' status (case vs. control). In addition, the K-PERS-I and -II scores exhibited significant negative correlations with the negative symptom factor score of the PANSS. CONCLUSION The K-PERS is the first comprehensive tool developed based on PP data obtained from Korean studies that measures polyenvironmental risk factors for psychosis. Using pilot data, the K-PERS predicted patient status (SSD vs. HC). Further research is warranted to examine the relationship of K-PERS scores with clinical outcomes of psychosis and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Hyun Kang
- Department of Social Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan-Hong Piao
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Chun Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Won
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Tae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Tammy Kim
- Institute of Life and Death Studies, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,OASIS Service, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fatima Zahra Rami
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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172
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Identification of ultra-rare disruptive variants in voltage-gated calcium channel-encoding genes in Japanese samples of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:84. [PMID: 35220405 PMCID: PMC8882172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Several large-scale whole-exome sequencing studies in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have identified rare variants with modest or strong effect size as genetic risk factors. Dysregulation of cellular calcium homeostasis might be involved in SCZ/ASD pathogenesis, and genes encoding L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) subunits Cav1.1 (CACNA1S), Cav1.2 (CACNA1C), Cav1.3 (CACNA1D), and T-type VGCC subunit Cav3.3 (CACNA1I) recently were identified as risk loci for psychiatric disorders. We performed a screening study, using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM), of exon regions of these four candidate genes (CACNA1C, CACNA1D, CACNA1S, CACNA1I) in 370 Japanese patients with SCZ and 192 with ASD. Variant filtering was applied to identify biologically relevant mutations that were not registered in the dbSNP database or that have a minor allele frequency of less than 1% in East-Asian samples from databases; and are potentially disruptive, including nonsense, frameshift, canonical splicing site single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and non-synonymous SNVs predicted as damaging by five different in silico analyses. Each of these filtered mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. If parental samples were available, segregation analysis was employed for measuring the inheritance pattern. Using our filter, we discovered one nonsense SNV (p.C1451* in CACNA1D), one de novo SNV (p.A36V in CACNA1C), one rare short deletion (p.E1675del in CACNA1D), and 14 NSstrict SNVs (non-synonymous SNV predicted as damaging by all of five in silico analyses). Neither p.A36V in CACNA1C nor p.C1451* in CACNA1D were found in 1871 SCZ cases, 380 ASD cases, or 1916 healthy controls in the independent sample set, suggesting that these SNVs might be ultra-rare SNVs in the Japanese population. The neuronal splicing isoform of Cav1.2 with the p.A36V mutation, discovered in the present study, showed reduced Ca2+-dependent inhibition, resulting in excessive Ca2+ entry through the mutant channel. These results suggested that this de novo SNV in CACNA1C might predispose to SCZ by affecting Ca2+ homeostasis. Thus, our analysis successfully identified several ultra-rare and potentially disruptive gene variants, lending partial support to the hypothesis that VGCC-encoding genes may contribute to the risk of SCZ/ASD.
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173
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Cognitive reserve and its correlates in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022:10.1007/s00787-022-01957-0. [PMID: 35175425 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze cognitive reserve (CR) in child and adolescent offspring of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-off) or bipolar disorder (BD-off) and compare them with a group of community controls (CC-off). We also aimed to investigate whether there was an association between CR and clinical and neuropsychological variables according to group. METHODS The study included 46 SZ-off, 105 BD-off and 102 CC-off. All participants completed assessments regarding CR and clinical, neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning. CR was measured with a proxy based on premorbid intelligence, parental occupational level, educational attainment, developmental milestones and sociability. The clinical assessment included the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime, the Semi-structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes, and the Global Assessment Functioning scale. The neuropsychological assessment included measures of executive functioning, attention, verbal memory, working memory and processing speed. RESULTS SZ-off showed a lower level of CR compared to BD-off and CC-off, while BD-off showed an intermediate level of CR between SZ-off and CC-off. Moreover, an association between higher CR and less lifetime psychopathology, fewer prodromal psychotic symptoms, higher psychosocial functioning, and a higher working memory score was observed in all groups, but it was stronger in SZ-off. CONCLUSIONS CR seemed to be associated with psychopathology, clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and some cognitive functions. SZ-off appeared to benefit more from a higher CR, therefore it could be considered a protective factor against the development of clinical symptomatology and cognitive impairment.
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174
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Disrupted Cacna1c gene expression perturbs spontaneous Ca 2+ activity causing abnormal brain development and increased anxiety. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108768119. [PMID: 35135875 PMCID: PMC8851547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108768119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene CACNA1C encodes for a calcium channel that has been linked to various psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, through hitherto unknown cellular mechanisms. Here, we report that deletion of Cacna1c in neurons of the developing brain disrupts spontaneous calcium activity and causes abnormal brain development and anxiety. Our results indicate that marginally alterations in the expression level of Cacna1c have major effects on the intrinsic spontaneous calcium activity of neural progenitors that play a crucial role in brain development. Thus, Cacna1c acts as a molecular switch that can increase susceptibility to psychiatric disease. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channel gene CACNA1C is a risk gene for various psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, the cellular mechanism by which CACNA1C contributes to psychiatric disorders has not been elucidated. Here, we report that the embryonic deletion of Cacna1c in neurons destined for the cerebral cortex using an Emx1-Cre strategy disturbs spontaneous Ca2+ activity and causes abnormal brain development and anxiety. By combining computational modeling with electrophysiological membrane potential manipulation, we found that neural network activity was driven by intrinsic spontaneous Ca2+ activity in distinct progenitor cells expressing marginally increased levels of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. MRI examination of the Cacna1c knockout mouse brains revealed volumetric differences in the neocortex, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray. These results suggest that Cacna1c acts as a molecular switch and that its disruption during embryogenesis can perturb Ca2+ handling and neural development, which may increase susceptibility to psychiatric disease.
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175
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A comprehensive map of genetic relationships among diagnostic categories based on 48.6 million relative pairs from the Danish genealogy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118688119. [PMID: 35131856 PMCID: PMC8833149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118688119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to extract multigenerational family relationships from large-scale population cohorts provides a powerful means to understand the heritability of a wide range of diseases and their genetic relationships to each other. By showing how the heritability of broad diagnostic categories changes over time and how said categories are related on the genetic level, our analysis of the Danish genealogy and linked national patient registers illustrates the vast potential of this resource in current biomedical research. For more than half a century, Denmark has maintained population-wide demographic, health care, and socioeconomic registers that provide detailed information on the interaction between all residents and the extensive national social services system. We leverage this resource to reconstruct the genealogy of the entire nation based on all individuals legally residing in Denmark since 1968. We cross-reference 6,691,426 individuals with nationwide health care registers to estimate heritability and genetic correlations of 10 broad diagnostic categories involving all major organs and systems. Heritability estimates for mental disorders were consistently the highest across demographic cohorts (average h2 = 0.406, 95% CI = [0.403, 0.408]), whereas estimates for cancers were the lowest (average h2 = 0.130, 95% CI = [0.125, 0.134]). The average genetic correlation of each of the 10 diagnostic categories with the other nine was highest for gastrointestinal conditions (average rg = 0.567, 95% CI = [0.566, 0.567]) and lowest for urogenital conditions (average rg = 0.386, 95% CI = [0.385, 0.388]). Mental, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurological conditions had similar genetic correlation profiles.
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176
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Circulating hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p as Possible Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorders. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3004338. [PMID: 35178127 PMCID: PMC8844308 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3004338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a key role in the homeostasis and development of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The present study is aimed at investigating the changes in circulating miRNA expression profiles in a plasma of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) to distinguish and evaluate these molecules as biomarkers for mood disorders. Methods. A study enrolled a total of 184 subjects: 74 controls, 84 MDD patients, and 26 BD patients. Small RNA sequencing revealed 11 deregulated circulating miRNAs in MDD and BD plasma, of which expression of 5, hsa-miR-139-3p, miRNAs hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, and hsa-miR-483-5p, were further verified using qPCR. miRNA gene expression data was evaluated alongside the data from clinical assessment questionnaires. Results. hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p were both confirmed upregulated: 0.75-fold and 0.25-fold, respectively, in the MDD group as well as 1.36-fold and 0.68-fold in the BD group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis showed mediocre diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of both hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p with approximate area under the curve (AOC) of 0.66. ROC analysis of combined miRNA and clinical assessment data showed that hsa-let-7e-5p and hsa-miR-125a-5p testing could improve MDD and BD diagnostic accuracy by approximately 10%. Conclusions. Circulating hsa-let-7e-5 and hsa-miR-125a-5p could serve as additional peripheral biomarkers for mood disorders; however, suicidal ideation remains the major diagnostic factor for MDD and BD.
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177
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Hosang GM, Martin J, Karlsson R, Lundström S, Larsson H, Ronald A, Lichtenstein P, Taylor MJ. Association of Etiological Factors for Hypomanic Symptoms, Bipolar Disorder, and Other Severe Mental Illnesses. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:143-150. [PMID: 34910090 PMCID: PMC8674803 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.3654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Subsyndromal hypomanic symptoms are relatively common in the general population and are linked to the onset of bipolar disorder. Little is known about their etiology and whether this is shared with the etiology of bipolar disorder or other mental illnesses. OBJECTIVE To examine the genetic and environmental architecture of hypomanic symptoms in a nonclinical youth sample and compare estimates at varying severity levels and their association with diagnosed bipolar disorder. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used phenotypic and genetic data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden and included individuals with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision diagnosis of psychiatric disorders from national registries for residents of Sweden. Associations between hypomania and polygenic risk scores for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and schizophrenia were also investigated. Analysis began November 2018 and ended October 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hypomanic symptoms were assessed using the parent-rated Mood Disorders Questionnaire when the twins were aged 18 years. Bipolar disorder diagnosis and/or lithium prescription were ascertained from national registries for residents of Sweden. Polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders were calculated using independent discovery genetic data. RESULTS A total of 8568 twin pairs aged 18 years (9381 [54.7%] female) were included in the study. The hypomania heritability estimate was 59% (95% CI, 52%-64%) for male individuals and 29% (95% CI, 16%-44%) for female individuals. Unique environmental factors accounted for 41% (95% CI, 36%-47%) of the hypomania variance in male individuals and 45% (95% CI, 40%-50%) in female individuals. Shared environmental factors were only detected for female individuals and explained 26% (95% CI, 13%-38%) of the variance. The heritability estimates were fairly consistent across different hypomania severity groups. Moderate genetic (0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.58) and shared environmental (0.41; 95% CI, 0.03-0.75) correlations between hypomania and diagnosed bipolar disorder were found. Hypomania was significantly associated with the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (β = 0.08; SE = 0.026; P = .002) and major depressive disorder (β = 0.09; SE = 0.027; P = .001) but not bipolar disorder (β = 0.017; SE = 0.03; P = 0.57) (bipolar disorder I [β = 0.014; SE = 0.029; P = .64] or bipolar disorder II [β = 0.045; SE = 0.027; P = .10]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Higher heritability for hypomania was found for male compared with female individuals. The results highlight the shared etiologies between hypomanic symptoms, bipolar disorder, major depression, and schizophrenia in youths. Future research should focus on identifying specific shared genetic and environmental factors. These findings support a possible dimensional model of bipolar disorder, with hypomania representing a continuous trait underlying the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry & Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Martin
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Genes Environment Lifespan Laboratory, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychological Science, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark J. Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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178
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Watson D, Levin-Aspenson HF, Waszczuk MA, Conway CC, Dalgleish T, Dretsch MN, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Forbush KT, Hobbs KA, Michelini G, Nelson BD, Sellbom M, Slade T, South SC, Sunderland M, Waldman I, Witthöft M, Wright AGC, Kotov R, Krueger RF. Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum. World Psychiatry 2022; 21:26-54. [PMID: 35015357 PMCID: PMC8751579 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a quantitative nosological system that addresses shortcomings of traditional mental disorder diagnoses, including arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, frequent disorder co-occurrence, substantial heterogeneity within disorders, and diagnostic unreliability over time and across clinicians. This paper reviews evidence on the validity and utility of the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP, which together provide support for an emotional dysfunction superspectrum. These spectra are composed of homogeneous symptom and maladaptive trait dimensions currently subsumed within multiple diagnostic classes, including depressive, anxiety, trauma-related, eating, bipolar, and somatic symptom disorders, as well as sexual dysfunction and aspects of personality disorders. Dimensions falling within the emotional dysfunction superspectrum are broadly linked to individual differences in negative affect/neuroticism. Extensive evidence establishes that dimensions falling within the superspectrum share genetic diatheses, environmental risk factors, cognitive and affective difficulties, neural substrates and biomarkers, childhood temperamental antecedents, and treatment response. The structure of these validators mirrors the quantitative structure of the superspectrum, with some correlates more specific to internalizing or somatoform conditions, and others common to both, thereby underlining the hierarchical structure of the domain. Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability. Validated measures are currently available to implement the HiTOP system in practice, which can make diagnostic classification more useful, both in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | - Monika A Waszczuk
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael N Dretsch
- US Army Medical Research Directorate - West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas R Eaton
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hobbs
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Giorgia Michelini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Martin Sellbom
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tim Slade
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C South
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aidan G C Wright
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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179
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Akingbuwa WA, Hammerschlag AR, Bartels M, Middeldorp CM. Systematic Review: Molecular Studies of Common Genetic Variation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:227-242. [PMID: 33932494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review of studies using molecular genetics and statistical approaches to investigate the role of common genetic variation in the development, persistence, and comorbidity of childhood psychiatric traits was conducted. METHOD A literature review was performed using the PubMed database, following PRISMA guidelines. There were 131 studies meeting inclusion criteria, having investigated at least one type of childhood-onset or childhood-measured psychiatric disorder or trait with the aim of identifying trait-associated common genetic variants, estimating the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the amount of variance explained (SNP-based heritability), investigating genetic overlap between psychiatric traits, or investigating whether the stability in traits or the association with adult traits is explained by genetic factors. RESULTS The first robustly associated genetic variants have started to be identified for childhood psychiatric traits. There were substantial contributions of common genetic variants to many traits, with variation in single nucleotide polymorphism heritability estimates depending on age and raters. Moreover, genetic variants also appeared to explain comorbidity as well as stability across a range of psychiatric traits in childhood and across the life span. CONCLUSION Common genetic variation plays a substantial role in childhood psychiatric traits. Increased sample sizes will lead to increased power to identify genetic variants and to understand genetic architecture, which will ultimately be beneficial to targeted and prevention strategies. This can be achieved by harmonizing phenotype measurements, as is already proposed by large international consortia and by including the collection of genetic material in every study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonuola A Akingbuwa
- Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Profs. Bartels and Middeldorp are with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Prof. Bartels are also with Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anke R Hammerschlag
- Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Profs. Bartels and Middeldorp are with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Prof. Bartels are also with Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Hammerschlag and Prof. Middeldorp are also with the Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meike Bartels
- Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Profs. Bartels and Middeldorp are with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Prof. Bartels are also with Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Ms. Akingbuwa, Dr. Hammerschlag, and Profs. Bartels and Middeldorp are with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. Hammerschlag and Prof. Middeldorp are also with the Child Health Research Centre, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Prof. Middeldorp is also with the Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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180
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Momen NC, Robakis T, Liu X, Reichenberg A, Bergink V, Munk-Olsen T. In utero exposure to antipsychotic medication and psychiatric outcomes in the offspring. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:759-766. [PMID: 34750566 PMCID: PMC8782838 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Information on neurodevelopmental effects of antenatal exposure to antipsychotics is limited to 10 studies, all examining children up to 5 years of age or less. The paper aimed to investigate the association between in utero exposure to antipsychotics and psychiatric outcomes in children using Danish nationwide registers. In total, 9011 liveborn singletons born 1998-2015 in Denmark whose mothers took antipsychotic medication before pregnancy were identified. Children whose mothers continued to take antipsychotics during pregnancy were compared with children of mothers who discontinued antipsychotics before pregnancy. As a negative control, paternal antipsychotic use in the same window was investigated. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression for the primary outcome of psychiatric disorders, as well for subcategories of psychiatric disorders. In total, 9.9% of children in the discontinuation group and 11.0% of children in the continuation group received a psychiatric disorder diagnosis during follow-up. The adjusted HR for psychiatric disorders among offspring in the continuation group compared to the discontinuation group was 1.10 (95% CI 0.93-1.30). For antipsychotic use in the fathers, the HR was 1.05 (95% CI 0.89-1.24). The study does not provide evidence of increased risk of psychiatric disorders among children of women who continue antipsychotic treatment during pregnancy. This was observed after accounting for the underlying risk conferred by maternal psychiatric disorders. This suggests women who need to continue antipsychotic medications during pregnancy can do so without adverse psychiatric outcomes for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C. Momen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thalia Robakis
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Seaver Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Veerle Bergink
- grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY USA ,grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trine Munk-Olsen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.452548.a0000 0000 9817 5300iPSYCH-Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722CIRRAU-Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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181
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Abstract
Schizophrenia, characterised by psychotic symptoms and in many cases social and occupational decline, remains an aetiological and therapeutic challenge. Contrary to popular belief, the disorder is modestly more common in men than in women. Nor is the outcome uniformly poor. A division of symptoms into positive, negative, and disorganisation syndromes is supported by factor analysis. Catatonic symptoms are not specific to schizophrenia and so-called first rank symptoms are no longer considered diagnostically important. Cognitive impairment is now recognised as a further clinical feature of the disorder. Lateral ventricular enlargement and brain volume reductions of around 2% are established findings. Brain functional changes occur in different subregions of the frontal cortex and might ultimately be understandable in terms of disturbed interaction among large-scale brain networks. Neurochemical disturbance, involving dopamine function and glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function, is supported by indirect and direct evidence. The genetic contribution to schizophrenia is now recognised to be largely polygenic. Birth and early life factors also have an important aetiological role. The mainstay of treatment remains dopamine receptor-blocking drugs; a psychological intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy, has relatively small effects on symptoms. The idea that schizophrenia is better regarded as the extreme end of a continuum of psychotic symptoms is currently influential. Other areas of debate include cannabis and childhood adversity as causative factors, whether there is progressive brain change after onset, and the long-term success of early intervention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Mandy Johnstone
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK; National Psychosis Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter J McKenna
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
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182
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Ghamari R, Yazarlou F, Khosravizadeh Z, Moradkhani A, Abdollahi E, Alizadeh F. Serotonin transporter functional polymorphisms potentially increase risk of schizophrenia separately and as a haplotype. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1336. [PMID: 35079035 PMCID: PMC8789837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, disabling psychiatric disorder with unclear etiology. Family-based, twins, and adoption studies have shown that genetic factors have major contributions in schizophrenia occurrence. Until now, many studies have discovered the association of schizophrenia and its comorbid symptoms with functional polymorphisms that lie within serotonin reuptake pathway genes. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of three variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) functional polymorphisms in MAOA and SLC6A4 with schizophrenia in the Iranian population. Two hundred and forty-one subjects with schizophrenia and three hundred and seventy age and sex-matched healthy controls were genotyped for MAOA promoter uVNTR, 5-HTTLPR, and STin2 polymorphisms. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with locus-specific primers and running the PCR product on agarose 2.5% gel electrophoresis. Finally, the statistical inference was performed using R programming language and Haploview software. MAOA promoter uVNTR analysis of allele frequency showed no differences between schizophrenia subjects and healthy controls in both males and females and no significant differences were observed between female cases and female controls in MAOA promoter uVNTR 4 repeat frequency. Also, there were no differences between Schizophrenia and healthy control groups in 5-HTTLPR allele and genotype frequency but, 5-HTTLPR S allele carriers are significantly more frequent among cases. In addition, STin2.12 repeats were significantly more frequent among schizophrenia patients. Genotype comparison suggested that 5-HTTLPR S allele and STin2.12 repeat carriers were significantly more frequent among schizophrenia cases and being STin2.12 repeat carrier significantly increase the risk of schizophrenia occurrence. Besides, analysis of haplotype showed stronger linkage disequilibrium between 5-HTTLPR and STin2 haplotype block in cases than controls. These results suggest that SLC6A4 functional polymorphisms potentially could play a possible role as risk factors for the incidence of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Ghamari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazarlou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khosravizadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Infertility treatment clinic, Amiralmomenin Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Atefeh Moradkhani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alizadeh
- Department of Genomic Psychiatry and Behavioral Genomics (DGPBG), Roozbeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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183
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Chen YM, Lin CH, Lane HY. Distinctively lower DISC1 mRNA levels in patients with schizophrenia, especially in those with higher positive, negative, and depressive symptoms. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 213:173335. [PMID: 35033484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The issue of genetic influence on schizophrenia has received considerable attention. The DISC1 gene has been shown in several studies to play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the relationship between DISC1 mRNA expression vs. schizophrenia and its clinical symptoms is uncertain. METHODS Fifty-six subjects (32 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood was obtained from all subjects to exam the DISC1 mRNA expression. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated with Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scales. Healthy subjects were assessed with HAMD scale. RESULTS Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower levels of the DISC1 mRNA expression than the healthy control (P = 0.002). We also found that lower DISC1 mRNA levels in schizophrenia patients were associated with higher degree of depression in HAMD (P = 0.037), severer positive symptoms in PANSS (P = 0.032) and more negative symptoms in SANS (P = 0.038). CONCLUSION The results showed that schizophrenia patients had lower levels of DISC1 mRNA than healthy individuals, and that the schizophrenia patients with lower DISC1 mRNA levels were more likely to manifest more marked symptoms, including positive, negative, and depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that lower DISC1 expression may be related with the pathogenesis and phenotypes of schizophrenia. Future studies are needed to replicate the results and to further establish its potential role in clinical application of early diagnosis and outcome follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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184
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San-Martin R, Zimiani MI, de Ávila MAV, Shuhama R, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Fraga FJ, Salum C. Early Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Patients Display Reduced Neural Prepulse Inhibition. Brain Sci 2022; 12:93. [PMID: 35053836 PMCID: PMC8773710 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered sensorimotor gating has been demonstrated by Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) tests in patients with psychosis. Recent advances in signal processing methods allow assessment of neural PPI through electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during acoustic startle response measures (classic muscular PPI). Simultaneous measurements of muscular (eye-blink) and neural gating phenomena during PPI test may help to better understand sensorial processing dysfunctions in psychosis. In this study, we aimed to assess simultaneously muscular and neural PPI in early bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients. METHOD Participants were recruited from a population-based case-control study of first episode psychosis. PPI was measured using electromyography (EMG) and EEG in pulse alone and prepulse + pulse with intervals of 30, 60, and 120 ms in early bipolar disorder (n = 18) and schizophrenia (n = 11) patients. As control group, 15 socio-economically matched healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects were evaluated with Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Young Mania Rating Scale questionnaires at recruitment and just before PPI test. Wilcoxon ranked sum tests were used to compare PPI test results between groups. RESULTS In comparison to healthy participants, neural PPI was significantly reduced in PPI 30 and PPI60 among bipolar and schizophrenia patients, while muscular PPI was reduced in PPI60 and PPI120 intervals only among patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION The combination of muscular and neural PPI evaluations suggested distinct impairment patterns among schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. Simultaneous recording may contribute with novel information in sensory gating investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Martin
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
| | - Maria Inês Zimiani
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
| | | | - Rosana Shuhama
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.Á.); (R.S.); (C.M.D.-B.)
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil; (M.A.V.d.Á.); (R.S.); (C.M.D.-B.)
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Fraga
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, Brazil; (R.S.-M.); (M.I.Z.)
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185
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Yin B, Wang X, Huang T, Jia J. Shared Genetics and Causality Between Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Neuropsychiatric Diseases: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Cross-Trait Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:910432. [PMID: 35898629 PMCID: PMC9309364 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.910432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee or caffeine consumption has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, implying a shared etiology. However, whether these associations reflect causality remains largely unknown. To understand the genetic structure of the association between decaffeinated coffee consumption (DCC) and neuropsychiatric traits, we examined the genetic correlation, causality, and shared genetic structure between DCC and neuropsychiatric traits using linkage disequilibrium score regression, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR), and genome-wide cross-trait meta-analysis in large GWAS Consortia for coffee consumption (N = 329,671) and 13 neuropsychiatric traits (sample size ranges from 36,052 to 500,199). We found strong positive genetic correlations between DCC and lifetime cannabis use (LCU; Rg = 0.48, P = 8.40 × 10-19), alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) total score (AUDIT_T; Rg = 0.40, P = 4.63 × 10-13), AUDIT_C score (alcohol consumption component of the AUDIT; Rg = 0.40, P = 5.26 × 10-11), AUDIT_P score (dependence and hazardous-use component of the AUDIT; Rg = 0.28, P = 1.36 × 10-05), and strong negative genetic correlations between DCC and neuroticism (Rg = -0.15, P = 7.27 × 10-05), major depressed diseases (MDD; Rg = -0.15, P = 0.0010), and insomnia (Rg= -0.15, P = 0.0007). In the cross-trait meta-analysis, we identified 6, 5, 1, 1, 2, 31, and 27 shared loci between DCC and Insomnia, LCU, AUDIT_T, AUDIT_C, AUDIT_P, neuroticism, and MDD, respectively, which were mainly enriched in bone marrow, lymph node, cervix, uterine, lung, and thyroid gland tissues, T cell receptor signaling pathway, antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway, and epigenetic pathways. A large of TWAS-significant associations were identified in tissues that are part of the nervous system, digestive system, and exo-/endocrine system. Our findings further indicated a causal influence of liability to DCC on LCU and low risk of MDD (odds ratio: 0.90, P = 9.06 × 10-5 and 1.27, P = 7.63 × 10-4 respectively). We also observed that AUDIT_T and AUDIT_C were causally related to DCC (odds ratio: 1.83 per 1-SD increase in AUDIT_T, P = 1.67 × 10-05, 1.80 per 1-SD increase in AUDIT_C, P = 5.09 × 10-04). Meanwhile, insomnia and MDD had a causal negative influence on DCC (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95, P = 1.51 × 10-04 for Insomnia; OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99, P = 6.02 × 10-04 for MDD). These findings provided evidence for the shared genetic basis and causality between DCC and neuropsychiatric diseases, and advance our understanding of the shared genetic mechanisms underlying their associations, as well as assisting with making recommendations for clinical works or health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinpei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
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186
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Caspi Y. A Possible White Matter Compensating Mechanism in the Brain of Relatives of People Affected by Psychosis Inferred from Repeated Long-Term DTI Scans. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac055. [PMID: 39144792 PMCID: PMC11205972 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Hypothesis An existing model suggests that some brain features of relatives of people affected by psychosis can be distinguished from both the probands and a control group. Such findings can be interpreted as representing a compensating mechanism. Study Design We studied white matter features using diffusion tensor imaging in a cohort of 82 people affected by psychosis, 122 of their first-degree relatives, and 89 control subjects that were scanned between two to three times with an interval of approximately 3 years between consecutive scans. We measured both fractional anisotropy and other standard diffusivity measures such as axial diffusivity. Additionally, we calculated standard connectivity measures such as path length based on probabilistic or deterministic tractography. Finally, by averaging the values of the different measures over the two or three consecutive scans, we studied epoch-averagely the difference between these three groups. Study Results For several tracts and several connectivity measures, the relatives showed distinct features from both the probands and the control groups. In those cases, the relatives did not necessarily score between the probands and the control group. An aggregate analysis in the form of a group-dependent score for the different modes of the analysis (e.g., for fractional anisotropy) supported this observation. Conclusions We interpret these results as evidence supporting a compensation mechanism in the brain of relatives that may be related to resilience that some of them exhibit in the face of the genetic risk they have for being affected by psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Caspi
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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187
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Sprooten E, Franke B, Greven CU. The P-factor and its genomic and neural equivalents: an integrated perspective. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:38-48. [PMID: 33526822 PMCID: PMC8960404 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Different psychiatric disorders and symptoms are highly correlated in the general population. A general psychopathology factor (or "P-factor") has been proposed to efficiently describe this covariance of psychopathology. Recently, genetic and neuroimaging studies also derived general dimensions that reflect densely correlated genomic and neural effects on behaviour and psychopathology. While these three types of general dimensions show striking parallels, it is unknown how they are conceptually related. Here, we provide an overview of these three general dimensions, and suggest a unified interpretation of their nature and underlying mechanisms. We propose that the general dimensions reflect, in part, a combination of heritable 'environmental' factors, driven by a dense web of gene-environment correlations. This perspective calls for an update of the traditional endophenotype framework, and encourages methodological innovations to improve models of gene-brain-environment relationships in all their complexity. We propose concrete approaches, which by taking advantage of the richness of current large databases will help to better disentangle the complex nature of causal factors underlying psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sprooten
- Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Corina U Greven
- Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, 6525 GC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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188
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Quidé Y, Watkeys OJ, Girshkin L, Kaur M, Carr VJ, Cairns MJ, Green MJ. Interactive effects of polygenic risk and cognitive subtype on brain morphology in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:1205-1218. [PMID: 35792918 PMCID: PMC9508053 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grey matter volume (GMV) may be associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and severe cognitive deficits in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder (collectively SSD), and bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the interactive effects of PRS-SZ and cognitive subtypes of SSD and BD in relation to GMV. Two-step cluster analysis was performed on 146 clinical cases (69 SSD and 77 BD) assessed on eight cognitive domains (verbal and visual memory, executive function, processing speed, visual processing, language ability, working memory, and planning). Among them, 55 BD, 51 SSD, and 58 healthy controls (HC), contributed to focal analyses of the relationships between cognitive subtypes, PRS-SZ and their interaction on GMV. Two distinct cognitive subtypes were evident among the combined sample of cases: a 'cognitive deficit' group (CD; N = 31, 20SSD/11BD) showed severe impairment across all cognitive indices, and a 'cognitively spared' (CS; N = 75; 31SSD/44BD) group showed intermediate cognitive performance that was significantly worse than the HC group but better than the CD subgroup. A cognitive subgroup-by-PRS-SZ interaction was significantly associated with GMV in the left precentral gyrus. Moderation analyses revealed a significant negative relationship between PRS-SZ and GMV in the CD group only. At low and average (but not high) PRS-SZ, larger precentral GMV was evident in the CD group compared to both CS and HC groups, and in the CS group compared to HCs. This study provides evidence for a relationship between regional GMV changes and PRS-SZ in psychosis spectrum cases with cognitive deficits, but not in cases cognitively spared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Quidé
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Oliver J. Watkeys
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Leah Girshkin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Manreena Kaur
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
| | - Vaughan J. Carr
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia ,Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia ,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW Australia
| | - Melissa J. Green
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW Australia ,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW Australia
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189
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Saia-Cereda VM. Modulating Specific Pathways In Vitro to Understand the Synaptic Dysfunction of Schizophrenia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1400:121-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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190
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Wang Y, Amdanee N, Zhang X. Exosomes in schizophrenia: Pathophysiological mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e61. [PMID: 36082534 PMCID: PMC9532215 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating psychiatric disorder that detrimentally affects a significant portion of the worldwide population, its diagnosis is traditionally based on a relatively subjective assessment of current symptoms and medical history, devoid of an objective diagnostic modality. Antipsychotic medications are commonly used in the treatment of SCZ; however, some patients have low remission rates or forsake treatment due to the associated multiple side effects, resulting in recurrent episodes of the disease and poor prognosis. These situations imply that the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of SCZ need to be improved to increase the odds of a better outcome. Mounting studies have found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play essential roles in the central nervous system. They are implicated in several mechanisms closely associated with SCZ such as cellular communication and synaptic plasticity. They can additionally exhibit neuroprotective and therapeutic effects. Since they possess distinct constituents, are readily available, easily detectable, and dependent on the internal environment, they can potentially serve as reliable biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Moreover, their biological configuration along with their ability to increase the bioavailability of their constituents and modulate intricate intracellular reactions in target cells, propel EVs as new targets for treatment. This review paper summarizes relevant research pertaining to the roles of EVs in SCZ, with the aim of improving insights into SCZ pathogenesis and evaluating EVs as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of SCZ.
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191
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St Clair D, MacLennan G, Beedie SA, Nouzová E, Lemmon H, Rujescu D, Benson PJ, McIntosh A, Nath M. Eye Movement Patterns Can Distinguish Schizophrenia From the Major Affective Disorders and Healthy Control Subjects. SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN OPEN 2022; 3:sgac032. [PMID: 35669867 PMCID: PMC9155263 DOI: 10.1093/schizbullopen/sgac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and hypothesis No objective tests are currently available to help diagnosis of major psychiatric disorders. This study evaluates the potential of eye movement behavior patterns to predict schizophrenia subjects compared to those with major affective disorders and control groups. Study design Eye movements were recorded from a training set of UK subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 120), bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n = 141), major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 136), and healthy controls (CON; n = 142), and from a hold-out set of 133 individuals with proportional group sizes. A German cohort of SCZ (n = 60) and a Scottish cohort of CON subjects (n = 184) acted as a second semi-independent test set. All patients met DSMIV and ICD10 criteria for SCZ, BPAD, and MDD. Data from 98 eye movement features were extracted. We employed a gradient boosted (GB) decision tree multiclass classifier to develop a predictive model. We calculated the area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric. Study results Estimates of AUC in one-versus-all comparisons were: SCZ (0.85), BPAD (0.78), MDD (0.76), and CON (0.85). Estimates on part-external validation were SCZ (0.89) and CON (0.65). In all cases, there was good specificity but only moderate sensitivity. The best individual discriminators included free viewing, fixation duration, and smooth pursuit tasks. The findings appear robust to potential confounders such as age, sex, medication, or mental state at the time of testing. Conclusions Eye movement patterns can discriminate schizophrenia from major mood disorders and control subjects with around 80% predictive accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David St Clair
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (CHaRT), University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sara A Beedie
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Eva Nouzová
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Helen Lemmon
- Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip J Benson
- Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mintu Nath
- Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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192
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Heart rate variability is associated with disease severity in psychosis spectrum disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110108. [PMID: 32946948 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
While a growing literature links cardiac autonomic dysregulation to a variety of psychiatric disorders, the relationship between cardiac autonomic functioning and specific symptoms in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) remains elusive. Thus, we investigated heart rate variability (HRV), a proxy for vagal activity, as a biological marker for symptom severity in patients with SZ and BD. HRV was calculated in 35 patients with SZ and 52 patients with BD, as well as in 149 healthy controls. In the patient groups, symptom severity and function were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Results showed that HRV was significantly lower in both clinical groups compared to the healthy controls, with no significant HRV differences between patient groups. PANSS general psychopathology scores, GAF symptom scores, and GAF function scores showed statistically significant associations with HRV across groups. These results suggest that disease severity is associated with autonomic dysfunction and that HRV may provide a potential biomarker of disease severity in SZ and BD.
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193
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Li W, Zhang CY, Liu J, Guan F, Shao M, Zhang L, Liu Q, Yang Y, Su X, Zhang Y, Xiao X, Luo XJ, Li M, Lv L. Identification of a Risk Locus at 7p22.3 for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in East Asian Populations. Front Genet 2021; 12:789512. [PMID: 34976021 PMCID: PMC8719163 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.789512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Shared psychopathological features and mechanisms have been observed between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), but their common risk genes and full genetic architectures remain to be fully characterized. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets offer the opportunity to explore this scientific question using combined genetic data from enormous samples, ultimately allowing a better understanding of the onset and development of these illnesses. Methods: We have herein performed a genome-wide meta-analysis in two GWAS datasets of SZ and BD respectively (24,600 cases and 40,012 controls in total, discovery sample), followed by replication analyses in an independent sample of 4,918 SZ cases and 5,506 controls of Han Chinese origin (replication sample). The risk SNPs were then explored for their correlations with mRNA expression of nearby genes in multiple expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) datasets. Results: The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1637749 and rs3800908 at 7p22.3 region were significant in both discovery and replication samples, and exhibited genome-wide significant associations when combining all East Asian SZ and BD samples (29,518 cases and 45,518 controls). The risk SNPs were also significant in GWAS of SZ and BD among Europeans. Both risk SNPs significantly predicted lower expression of MRM2 in the whole blood and brain samples in multiple datasets, which was consistent with its reduced mRNA level in the brains of SZ patients compared with normal controls. The risk SNPs were also associated with MAD1L1 expression in the whole blood sample. Discussion: We have identified a novel genome-wide risk locus associated with SZ and BD in East Asians, adding further support for the putative common genetic risk of the two illnesses. Our study also highlights the necessity and importance of mining public datasets to explore risk genes for complex psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chu-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fanglin Guan
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Forensics, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Luxian Lv,
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Li, ; Luxian Lv,
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194
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Lamb HJ, Hayes BJ, Randhawa IAS, Nguyen LT, Ross EM. Genomic prediction using low-coverage portable Nanopore sequencing. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261274. [PMID: 34910782 PMCID: PMC8673642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most traits in livestock, crops and humans are polygenic, that is, a large number of loci contribute to genetic variation. Effects at these loci lie along a continuum ranging from common low-effect to rare high-effect variants that cumulatively contribute to the overall phenotype. Statistical methods to calculate the effect of these loci have been developed and can be used to predict phenotypes in new individuals. In agriculture, these methods are used to select superior individuals using genomic breeding values; in humans these methods are used to quantitatively measure an individual’s disease risk, termed polygenic risk scores. Both fields typically use SNP array genotypes for the analysis. Recently, genotyping-by-sequencing has become popular, due to lower cost and greater genome coverage (including structural variants). Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ (ONT) portable sequencers have the potential to combine the benefits genotyping-by-sequencing with portability and decreased turn-around time. This introduces the potential for in-house clinical genetic disease risk screening in humans or calculating genomic breeding values on-farm in agriculture. Here we demonstrate the potential of the later by calculating genomic breeding values for four traits in cattle using low-coverage ONT sequence data and comparing these breeding values to breeding values calculated from SNP arrays. At sequencing coverages between 2X and 4X the correlation between ONT breeding values and SNP array-based breeding values was > 0.92 when imputation was used and > 0.88 when no imputation was used. With an average sequencing coverage of 0.5x the correlation between the two methods was between 0.85 and 0.92 using imputation, depending on the trait. This suggests that ONT sequencing has potential for in clinic or on-farm genomic prediction, however, further work to validate these findings in a larger population still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison J. Lamb
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ben J. Hayes
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Loan T. Nguyen
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M. Ross
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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195
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Takeuchi H, Kimura R, Tomita H, Taki Y, Kikuchi Y, Ono C, Yu Z, Matsudaira I, Nouchi R, Yokoyama R, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Hanawa S, Iizuka K, Sekiguchi A, Araki T, Miyauchi CM, Ikeda S, Sakaki K, Dos S Kawata KH, Nozawa T, Yokota S, Magistro D, Imanishi T, Kawashima R. Polygenic risk score for bipolar disorder associates with divergent thinking and brain structures in the prefrontal cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:6028-6037. [PMID: 34587347 PMCID: PMC8596941 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that a higher genetic risk of bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with greater creativity. Given the clinical importance of bipolar disorder and the importance of creativity to human society and cultural development, it is essential to reveal their associations and the neural basis of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder to gain insight into its etiology. However, despite the previous demonstration of the associations of polygenic risk score (PRS) of BD and creative jobs, the associations of BD‐PRS and creativity measured by the divergent thinking (CMDT) and regional gray matter volume (rGMV) as well as regional white matter volume (rWMV) have not been investigated. Using psychological analyses and whole‐brain voxel‐by‐voxel analyses, we examined these potential associations in 1558 young, typically developing adult students. After adjusting for confounding variables and multiple comparisons, a greater BD‐PRS was associated with a greater total CMDT fluency score, and a significant relationship was found in fluency subscores. A greater BD‐PRS was also associated with lower total mood disturbance. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that the BD‐PRS was associated with greater rGMV in the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is a consistently affected area in BD, as well as a greater rWMV in the left middle frontal gyrus, which has been suggested to play a central role in the increased creativity associated with the risk of BD with creativity. These findings suggest a relationship between the genetic risk of BD and CMDT and prefrontal cortical structures among young educated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshie Kikuchi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Division of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Psychiatry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunio Iizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Division of Medical Neuroimaging Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ikeda
- Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohei Sakaki
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Nozawa
- Research Center Institute for the Earth Inclusive Sensing Empathizing with Silent Voices, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Yokota
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniele Magistro
- Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tadashi Imanishi
- Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Ubiquitous Sensing, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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196
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North HF, Weissleder C, Fullerton JM, Sager R, Webster MJ, Weickert CS. A schizophrenia subgroup with elevated inflammation displays reduced microglia, increased peripheral immune cell and altered neurogenesis marker gene expression in the subependymal zone. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:635. [PMID: 34911938 PMCID: PMC8674325 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation regulates neurogenesis, and the brains of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have reduced expression of neurogenesis markers in the subependymal zone (SEZ), the birthplace of inhibitory interneurons. Inflammation is associated with cortical interneuron deficits, but the relationship between inflammation and reduced neurogenesis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder remains unexplored. Therefore, we investigated inflammation in the SEZ by defining those with low and high levels of inflammation using cluster analysis of IL6, IL6R, IL1R1 and SERPINA3 gene expression in 32 controls, 32 schizophrenia and 29 bipolar disorder cases. We then determined whether mRNAs for markers of glia, immune cells and neurogenesis varied with inflammation. A significantly greater proportion of schizophrenia (37%) and bipolar disorder cases (32%) were in high inflammation subgroups compared to controls (10%, p < 0.05). Across the high inflammation subgroups of psychiatric disorders, mRNAs of markers for phagocytic microglia were reduced (P2RY12, P2RY13), while mRNAs of markers for perivascular macrophages (CD163), pro-inflammatory macrophages (CD64), monocytes (CD14), natural killer cells (FCGR3A) and adhesion molecules (ICAM1) were increased. Specific to high inflammation schizophrenia, quiescent stem cell marker mRNA (GFAPD) was reduced, whereas neuronal progenitor (ASCL1) and immature neuron marker mRNAs (DCX) were decreased compared to low inflammation control and schizophrenia subgroups. Thus, a heightened state of inflammation may dampen microglial response and recruit peripheral immune cells in psychiatric disorders. The findings elucidate differential neurogenic responses to inflammation within psychiatric disorders and highlight that inflammation may impair neuronal differentiation in the SEZ in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley F North
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Rachel Sager
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Maree J Webster
- Laboratory of Brain Research, Stanley Medical Research Institute, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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197
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Yan P, Gao B, Wang S, Wang S, Li J, Song M. Association of 5-HTR2A T102C and A-1438G polymorphisms with clinical response to atypical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 770:136395. [PMID: 34919991 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Associations of serotonin 2A receptor (5-HTR2A) gene polymorphisms with clinical response to atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) treatment in schizophrenia (SCZ) were inconsistent. Thus we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate more reliable estimates. The Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Weipu, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for eligible studies published up to September 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in four genetic models. Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity and antipsychotic type. Meta-regression was used to evaluate the potential effects of confounding variables. In total, 19 studies were included for the meta-analysis, of which 17 studies containing 2359 patients were identified for T102C polymorphism and 7 studies containing 1408 patients for A-1438G polymorphism. The results showed that A-1438G polymorphism was significantly associated with clinical response to AAPs treatment in SCZ in four genetic models (allele model, A vs. G, OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.05-3.33, P = 0.034; recessive model, AA vs. GA + GG: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.17-2.72, P = 0.007; dominant model, AA + GA vs. GG: OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.15-10.10, P = 0.027; co-dominant model, AA vs. GG: OR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.07-11.10, P = 0.039) in Asians, but not in Caucasians. When stratified by antipsychotic type, A-1438G polymorphism was related to the efficacy of olanzapine in recessive model (AA vs. GA + GG, OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.18-2.90, P = 0.007), but not in other models. However, neither four genetic models nor subgroup analyses of T102C polymorphism were found any significant associations with AAPs response (P > 0.05). Meta-regression revealed that no association was confounded by mean age, male ratio, treatment duration and illness duration (P > 0.05). The present meta-analysis indicated that 5-HTR2A A-1438G polymorphism, but not T102C polymorphism, was significantly associated with AAPs response in SCZ, especially in Asians and olanzapine-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Health Hazard Monitoring, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Shuqi Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Shengdong Wang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jing Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Mingfen Song
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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198
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Zhang D, Li H, Ding K, Zhang Z, Luo S, Li G. Polymorphisms in MicroRNA Genes Associated with Schizophrenia Susceptibility but Not with Effectiveness of MECT. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1959172. [PMID: 34938351 PMCID: PMC8687787 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1959172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common and complex psychiatric disease associated with hereditary and environmental risk factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that endogenously regulate gene expression. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in related miRNA genes are associated with susceptibility of the disorder. We wonder if the SNPs have influence on the effectiveness of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) for SCZ. rs1625579 within miR-137, rs6577555 within miR-34, and rs2296616 within miR-107 were sequenced in 150 cases and 150 controls to check the potential association between the SNPs and SCZ. Our results showed that allele G in rs1625579 (p = 0.005, adjusted OR = 1.379, 95%CI = 1.108 - 1.634), allele A in rs6577555 (p = 0.014, adjusted OR = 1.246, 95%CI = 1.045 - 1.463), allele G in rs2296616 (p < 0.001, adjusted OR = 1.646, 95%CI = 1.374 - 1.879) are positively associated with the disorder risk. MECT courses did significantly decrease the level of the miRNAs, except for the variant of rs2296616 with the AA genotype. Schizophrenic phenotypes assessed by the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were improved after MECT, and there was no significant relevance observed between the effectiveness of MECT and the variants of these loci. Thus, our findings indicate that polymorphisms within the loci may be involved in the pathogenesis of SCZ, and MECT is effective and unbiased for patients harboring different genotypes of the loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danwei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaimo Ding
- Department of Psychology, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guohai Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Lu H, Qiao J, Shao Z, Wang T, Huang S, Zeng P. A comprehensive gene-centric pleiotropic association analysis for 14 psychiatric disorders with GWAS summary statistics. BMC Med 2021; 19:314. [PMID: 34895209 PMCID: PMC8667366 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed the polygenic nature of psychiatric disorders and discovered a few of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with multiple psychiatric disorders. However, the extent and pattern of pleiotropy among distinct psychiatric disorders remain not completely clear. METHODS We analyzed 14 psychiatric disorders using summary statistics available from the largest GWASs by far. We first applied the cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) to estimate genetic correlation between disorders. Then, we performed a gene-based pleiotropy analysis by first aggregating a set of SNP-level associations into a single gene-level association signal using MAGMA. From a methodological perspective, we viewed the identification of pleiotropic associations across the entire genome as a high-dimensional problem of composite null hypothesis testing and utilized a novel method called PLACO for pleiotropy mapping. We ultimately implemented functional analysis for identified pleiotropic genes and used Mendelian randomization for detecting causal association between these disorders. RESULTS We confirmed extensive genetic correlation among psychiatric disorders, based on which these disorders can be grouped into three diverse categories. We detected a large number of pleiotropic genes including 5884 associations and 2424 unique genes and found that differentially expressed pleiotropic genes were significantly enriched in pancreas, liver, heart, and brain, and that the biological process of these genes was remarkably enriched in regulating neurodevelopment, neurogenesis, and neuron differentiation, offering substantial evidence supporting the validity of identified pleiotropic loci. We further demonstrated that among all the identified pleiotropic genes there were 342 unique ones linked with 6353 drugs with drug-gene interaction which can be classified into distinct types including inhibitor, agonist, blocker, antagonist, and modulator. We also revealed causal associations among psychiatric disorders, indicating that genetic overlap and causality commonly drove the observed co-existence of these disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our study is among the first large-scale effort to characterize gene-level pleiotropy among a greatly expanded set of psychiatric disorders and provides important insight into shared genetic etiology underlying these disorders. The findings would inform psychiatric nosology, identify potential neurobiological mechanisms predisposing to specific clinical presentations, and pave the way to effective drug targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhonghe Shao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuiping Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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200
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Bartsch U, Corbin LJ, Hellmich C, Taylor M, Easey KE, Durant C, Marston HM, Timpson NJ, Jones MW. Schizophrenia-associated variation at ZNF804A correlates with altered experience-dependent dynamics of sleep slow waves and spindles in healthy young adults. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab191. [PMID: 34329479 PMCID: PMC8664578 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is robustly associated with schizophrenia and schizophrenia is, in turn, associated with abnormal non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep neurophysiology. To examine whether rs1344706 is associated with intermediate neurophysiological traits in the absence of disease, we assessed the relationship between genotype, sleep neurophysiology, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation in healthy participants. We recruited healthy adult males with no history of psychiatric disorder from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Participants were homozygous for either the schizophrenia-associated 'A' allele (N = 22) or the alternative 'C' allele (N = 18) at rs1344706. Actigraphy, polysomnography (PSG) and a motor sequence task (MST) were used to characterize daily activity patterns, sleep neurophysiology and sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Average MST learning and sleep-dependent performance improvements were similar across genotype groups, albeit more variable in the AA group. During sleep after learning, CC participants showed increased slow-wave (SW) and spindle amplitudes, plus augmented coupling of SW activity across recording electrodes. SW and spindles in those with the AA genotype were insensitive to learning, whilst SW coherence decreased following MST training. Accordingly, NREM neurophysiology robustly predicted the degree of overnight motor memory consolidation in CC carriers, but not in AA carriers. We describe evidence that rs1344706 polymorphism in ZNF804A is associated with changes in the coordinated neural network activity that supports offline information processing during sleep in a healthy population. These findings highlight the utility of sleep neurophysiology in mapping the impacts of schizophrenia-associated common genetic variants on neural circuit oscillations and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- UK DRI Health Care & Technology at Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Clinical Research Building, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kayleigh E Easey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Claire Durant
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre (CRIC), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hugh M Marston
- Translational Neuroscience, Eli Lilly & Co Ltd UK, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
- Böhringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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