151
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Ojima M, Amano A, Kurata S. Relationship between decayed teeth and metabolic syndrome: data from 4716 middle-aged male Japanese employees. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:204-11. [PMID: 25716056 PMCID: PMC4340997 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological findings regarding the relationship between decayed teeth (DT) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are scarce. We evaluated the relationship of DT with MetS, obesity, and MetS components in early middle-aged male Japanese employees. Methods We cross-sectionally analyzed dental and medical health checkup results from a total of 4716 participants aged 42 or 46 years. Logistic regression models were employed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for age, breakfast consumption frequency, drinking habits, smoking status, and physical activity. Results Significant differences in the prevalence of MetS, obesity determined by body mass index, and the components of MetS between participating men with and without DT were detected (all P < 0.01). The adjusted OR of MetS was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.14–1.74) for those with 1 or 2 DT, and 1.66 (95% CI, 1.28–2.16) for those with ≥3 DT (P for trend = 0.01), and this significant relationship was observed even in those without periodontal pocket formation (P for trend = 0.03) or missing teeth (P for trend = 0.02). DT was significantly related to overweight/obesity and the MetS components of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, with adjusted ORs of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.19–1.53), 1.22 (95% CI, 1.07–1.39), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03–1.34), and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.13–1.56), respectively. In addition, even in non-overweight/non-obese men, DT was found to be related to dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, though with marginal significance (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that having DT is related to MetS in early middle-aged Japanese men directly and through obesity and is independent of health behaviors, periodontal condition, and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Ojima
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
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152
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Gerlach G, Herpertz S, Loeber S. Personality traits and obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2015; 16:32-63. [PMID: 25470329 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Based on a bio-social-ecological systems model of the development and maintenance of obesity, there has been in the last few years a growing research interest in the association of obesity and personality traits. The aim of the present review was a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the existing literature taking into account the methodological quality of studies to enhance our understanding of personality traits associated with body weight, the development of overweight and obesity as well as the effectiveness of weight loss interventions including bariatric surgery. Personality traits play an important role both as risk as well as protective factors in the development of overweight and obesity. While thus in particular 'neuroticism', 'impulsivity' and 'sensitivity to reward' appear as risk factors, 'conscientiousness' and 'self-control' have been shown to have a protective function in relation to weight gain. Conscientiousness is a measure of regulation of internal urges and self-discipline, and may thus provide a potential source of control over impulsive reward-oriented behaviour. The results of the present review suggest that, within the context of therapeutic weight reduction measures, it is meaningful to identify subgroups of patients for whom specific treatment options need to be developed, such as measures for strengthening self-control skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gerlach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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153
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Bruce MA, Griffith DM, Thorpe RJ. Stress and the kidney. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2015; 22:46-53. [PMID: 25573512 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of CKD has increased considerably over the past 2 decades. The rising rates of CKD have been attributed to known comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; however, recent research has begun to explore the degree to which social, economic, and psychological factors have implications for the prevalence and progression of CKD, especially among high-risk populations such as African Americans. It has been suggested that stress can have implications for CKD, but this area of research has been largely unexplored. One contributing factor associated with the paucity of research on CKD is that many of the social, psychological, and environmental stressors cannot be recreated or simulated in a laboratory setting. Social science has established that stress can have implications for health, and we believe that stress is an important determinant of the development and progression of CKD. We draw heavily from the social scientific and social epidemiologic literature to present an intersectional conceptual frame specifying how stress can have implications for kidney disease, its progression, and its complications through multiple stressors and pathways.
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154
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Doyle T, Halaris A, Rao M. Shared neurobiological pathways between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms: a review of morphological and neurocognitive findings. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14:560. [PMID: 25381209 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-014-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients are twice as likely to experience depressive symptoms than people without T2D, resulting in greater economic burden, worse clinical outcomes, and reduced quality of life. Several overlapping pathophysiological processes including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, sympathetic nervous system activation, and elevated pro-inflammatory biomarkers are recognized as playing a role between T2D and depressive symptoms. However, other neurobiological mechanisms that may help to further link these comorbidities have not been extensively reviewed. Reduced neuroplasticity in brain regions sensitive to stress (e.g., hippocampus) may be associated with T2D and depressive symptoms. T2D patients demonstrate reduced neuroplasticity including morphological/volumetric abnormalities and subsequent neurocognitive deficits, similar to those reported by patients with depressive symptoms. This review aims to summarize recent studies on morphological/volumetric abnormalities in T2D and correlated neurocognitive deficits. Modifying factors that contribute to reduced neuroplasticity will also be discussed. Integrating reduced neuroplasticity with other biological correlates of T2D and depressive symptoms could enhance future therapeutic interventions and further disentangle the bidirectional associations between these comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Loyola University Medical Center, Fahey Building, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA,
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155
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Marques AH, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Teixeira AL, Silverman MN. Maternal stress, nutrition and physical activity: Impact on immune function, CNS development and psychopathology. Brain Res 2014; 1617:28-46. [PMID: 25451133 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that maternal and fetal immune dysfunction may impact fetal brain development and could play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders, although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms are still not completely understood. Stress, malnutrition and physical inactivity are three maternal behavioral lifestyle factors that can influence immune and central nervous system (CNS) functions in both the mother and fetus, and may therefore, increase risk for neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders. First, we will briefly review some aspects of maternal-fetal immune system interactions and development of immune tolerance. Second, we will discuss the bidirectional communication between the immune system and CNS and the pathways by which immune dysfunction could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Third, we will discuss the effects of prenatal stress and malnutrition (over and undernutrition) on perinatal programming of the CNS and immune system, and how this might influence neurodevelopment. Finally, we will discuss the beneficial impact of physical fitness during pregnancy on the maternal-fetal unit and infant and how regular physical activity and exercise can be an effective buffer against stress- and inflammatory-related disorders. Although regular physical activity has been shown to promote neuroplasticity and an anti-inflammatory state in the adult, there is a paucity of studies evaluating its impact on CNS and immune function during pregnancy. Implementing stress reduction, proper nutrition and ample physical activity during pregnancy and the childbearing period may be an efficient strategy to counteract the impact of maternal stress and malnutrition/obesity on the developing fetus. Such behavioral interventions could have an impact on early development of the CNS and immune system and contribute to the prevention of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship and the underlying mechanisms of protection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Horvath Marques
- Obsessive--Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Department & Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio L Teixeira
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marni N Silverman
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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156
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O'Brien MJ, Alos VA, Davey A, Bueno A, Whitaker RC. Acculturation and the prevalence of diabetes in US Latino Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2010. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E176. [PMID: 25299982 PMCID: PMC4193061 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction US Latinos are growing at the fastest rate of any racial/ethnic group in the United States and have the highest lifetime risk of diabetes. Acculturation may increase the risk of diabetes among all Latinos, but this hypothesis has not been studied in a nationally representative sample. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that acculturation was associated with an increased risk of diabetes in such a sample. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis including 3,165 Latino participants in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants with doctor-diagnosed diabetes and participants without diagnosed diabetes who had glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) values of 6.5% or higher were classified as having diabetes. An acculturation score, ranging from 0 (lowest) to 3 (highest), was calculated by giving 1 point for each of 3 characteristics: being born in the United States, speaking predominantly English, and living in the United States for 20 years or more. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between acculturation and diabetes. Results The prevalence of diabetes among Latinos in our sample was 12.4%. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, the likelihood of diabetes (95% confidence interval [CI]) increased with level of acculturation— 1.71 (95% CI, 1.31–2.23), 1.63 (95% CI, 1.11–2.39), and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.27–3.29) for scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This association persisted after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI), total dietary calories, and physical inactivity. Conclusion Acculturation was associated with a higher risk of diabetes among US Latinos, and this risk was only partly explained by BMI and weight-related behaviors. Future research should examine the bio-behavioral mechanisms that underlie the relationship between acculturation and diabetes in Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J O'Brien
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Community Health, 750 N. Lake Shore Drive, 6th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611. E-mail: . At the time of this study, Dr. O'Brien was affiliated with the Temple University Center for Obesity Research and Education and with Puentes de Salud Health Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Victor A Alos
- Temple University and Puentes de Salud Health Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Davey
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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157
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Silverman MN, Deuster PA. Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140040. [PMID: 25285199 PMCID: PMC4142018 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness, achieved through regular exercise and/or spontaneous physical activity, confers resilience by inducing positive psychological and physiological benefits, blunting stress reactivity, protecting against potentially adverse behavioural and metabolic consequences of stressful events and preventing many chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness on mental and physical health. Physical fitness appears to buffer against stress-related disease owing to its blunting/optimizing effects on hormonal stress responsive systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This blunting appears to contribute to reduced emotional, physiological and metabolic reactivity as well as increased positive mood and well-being. Another mechanism whereby regular exercise and/or physical fitness may confer resilience is through minimizing excessive inflammation. Chronic psychological stress, physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity have been associated with persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation and exert adverse effects on mental and physical health. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise/activity can promote behavioural and metabolic resilience, and protect against various chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, exercise may benefit the brain by enhancing growth factor expression and neural plasticity, thereby contributing to improved mood and cognition. In summary, the mechanisms whereby physical fitness promotes increased resilience and well-being and positive psychological and physical health are diverse and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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158
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The role of IL-6 572 C/G, 190 C/T, and 174 G/C gene polymorphisms in children's obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2014; 173:1285-96. [PMID: 24740880 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to establish the correlations between the polymorphisms of the genes interleukin (IL)-6 572, 190, and 174 in obese children. We assessed 222 hospitalized children divided into two groups: group I (control) included 110 patients with normal nutritional status, and group II consisted of 102 obesity patients. The two groups underwent IL-6 572 C/G, 190 C/T, and 174 G/C polymorphism testing, measurement of anthropometric parameters (mid-upper arm circumference and tricipital skinfold thickness), and paraclinical evaluation (protein, albumin, leptin, adiponectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)). We observed that phenotype CC was more frequent in obese children for IL-6 572 (p = 0.0001), whereas CG heterozygotes were more frequent in the obese group for the IL-6 190 gene (62.7 %; p = 0.0001). Leptin was dependent on IL-6 572 and IL-6 174 gene polymorphisms and albumin, whereas adiponectin was dependent on the IL-6 174 gene polymorphism. Body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and tricipital skinfold thickness (TST) serum albumin levels correlated with C allele carriers of the IL-6 572 and IL-6 190 genes in children with obesity, whereas the CC genotype of IL-6 174 was a protective factor for obesity. CONCLUSION Obesity is most frequently associated in children with IL-6 174 C allele carriers and with IL-6 190 C allele carriers.
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159
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Whitaker RC, Dearth-Wesley T, Gooze RA, Becker BD, Gallagher KC, McEwen BS. Adverse childhood experiences, dispositional mindfulness, and adult health. Prev Med 2014; 67:147-53. [PMID: 25084563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether greater dispositional mindfulness is associated with better adult health across a range of exposures to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHODS In 2012, a web-based survey of 2160 Pennsylvania Head Start staff was conducted. We assessed ACE score (count of eight categories of childhood adversity), dispositional mindfulness (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised), and the prevalence of three outcomes: multiple health conditions (≥ 3 of 7 conditions), poor health behavior (≥ 2 of 5 behaviors), and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (≥ 2 of 5 indicators). RESULTS Respondents were 97% females, and 23% reported ≥ 3 ACEs. The prevalences of multiple health conditions, poor health behavior, and poor HRQOL were 29%, 21%, and 13%, respectively. At each level of ACE exposure, health outcomes were better in those with greater mindfulness. For example, among persons reporting ≥ 3 ACEs, those in the highest quartile of mindfulness had a prevalence of multiple health conditions two-thirds that of those in the lowest quartile (adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)=0.66 (0.51, 0.86)); for those reporting no ACEs, the ratio was 0.62 (0.41, 0.94). CONCLUSION Across a range of exposures to ACEs, greater dispositional mindfulness was associated with fewer health conditions, better health behavior, and better HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Whitaker
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | | - Brandon D Becker
- Department of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen C Gallagher
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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160
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Watkins LE, Jaffe AE, Hoffman L, Gratz KL, Messman-Moore TL, DiLillo D. The longitudinal impact of intimate partner aggression and relationship status on women's physical health and depression symptoms. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2014; 28:655-65. [PMID: 25133642 PMCID: PMC6298036 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner aggression (IPA) has many detrimental effects, particularly among young women. The present study examined the longitudinal effects of IPA victimization and relationship status on physical health and depression symptoms in a sample of 375 community women between the ages of 18 and 25 years. All variables were assessed at 4 occasions over a 12-month period (i.e., 1 assessment every 4 months). Multilevel modeling revealed that IPA victimization had both between- and within-person effects on women's health outcomes, and relationship status had within-person effects when women did not report current IPA. Although IPA was generally related to greater physical health problems and depression symptoms, these findings varied depending on both the type of aggression experienced (i.e., psychological vs. physical) and relationship status (i.e., whether participants were in the same relationship or a new relationship). Findings suggest that IPA can be harmful to both physical and mental health, particularly among young women who stay in abusive relationships. Results highlight the importance of developing effective IPA intervention programs and providing help and resources to women who are experiencing physical or psychological IPA in their relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kim L Gratz
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center
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161
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Stressing out stem cells: linking stress and hematopoiesis in cardiovascular disease. Nat Med 2014; 20:707-8. [PMID: 24999940 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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162
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Heianza Y, Arase Y, Kodama S, Tsuji H, Fujihara K, Saito K, Hara S, Sone H. Simple self-reported behavioral or psychological characteristics as risk factors for future type 2 diabetes in Japanese individuals: Toranomon Hospital Health Management Center Study 14. J Diabetes Investig 2014; 6:236-41. [PMID: 25802732 PMCID: PMC4364859 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Depression, anger, sleep disorders and cognitive impairment are regarded as presenting a high risk for diabetes. We investigated whether responses to single statements on a self-report questionnaire on the presence of each of these four factors were associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods We investigated 3,211 Japanese individuals without diabetes. Cumulative incidence rate and hazard ratios (HRs) for future type 2 diabetes over 7–13 years were evaluated according to the presence of lack of perseverance, anger, memory loss or sleep disorders. Results Results of Cox regression analysis showed that lack of perseverance (age- and sex-adjusted HR 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.07–1.84), anger, (HR 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.07–2.12) or memory loss (HR 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.90) was predictive of the development of diabetes. Even after adjustment for metabolic factors including glycemic measurements, anger was significantly associated with an increased risk of future diabetes. Individuals with both anger and memory loss had a 1.94-fold (95% confidence interval 1.19–3.15) increased risk of type 2 diabetes than those without those two symptoms. Conclusions Responses to a simple self-report questionnaire as to whether individuals were aware of anger or memory loss were associated with the development of type 2 diabetes independent of traditional risk factors for diabetes in this cohort of Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine Niigata, Japan ; Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuji Arase
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan ; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine Niigata, Japan ; Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan ; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazumi Saito
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan ; Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences Hospital Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeko Hara
- Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan ; Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine Niigata, Japan ; Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital Tokyo, Japan
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163
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Association between interleukin-6 and neurocognitive performance as a function of self-reported lifetime marijuana use in a community based sample of African American adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2014; 20:773-83. [PMID: 25241622 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617714000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine if self-reported lifetime marijuana use moderates the relationship between interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neurocognitive performance. Participants included 161 African American adults (50.3% women), with a mean age of 45.24 (SD=11.34). Serum was drawn upon entry into the study and participants completed a demographic questionnaire, which included drug use history, and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Using multiple regression analyses and adjusting for demographic covariates, the interaction term comprised of IL-6 and self-reported lifetime marijuana use was significantly associated with poorer performance on the Written (β=-.116; SE=.059; p=.049) and Oral trials (β=-.143; SE=.062; p=.022) of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, as well as the Trail Making Test trial A (β=.157; SE=.071; p=.028). Current findings support previous literature, which presents the inverse relationship between IL-6 and neurocognitive dysfunction. The potential protective properties of marijuana use in African Americans, who are at increased risk for inflammatory diseases, are discussed.
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164
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Bu DY, Ji WW, Bai D, Zhou J, Li HX, Yang HF. Association of polymorphisms in stress-related TNFα and NPY genes with the metabolic syndrome in Han and Hui ethnic groups. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5895-900. [PMID: 25081719 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of complicated disorders caused by the interactive influencing factors of heredity and environment, which predisposes to many cnacers. RESULTS from epidemic research indicate that stress is tightly related to the pathogenesis of MS and neoplasia. This paper aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and MS with respect to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in the Han and Hui ethnic groups. METHODS All subjects for this case-control study matched strict enrollment criteria (nationality, gender and age) and lived in the city of Wu Zhong of Ningxia Province in China. The enrolled group contained 102 matched pairs of Hui ethnic individuals and 98 matched pairs of Han ethnic individuals. Enrolled subjects completed the general Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The TNFα-308G/A variant and NPYrs16147 polymorphism were detected in case (81 males, 119 females) and control (81 males, 119 females) groups by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. RESULTS Nine factors of the SCL-90 were found to be statistically different (p<0.05) between case and control groups. The homozygous mutant genotype (AA) and the mutant allele (A) of the TNFα-308G/A gene were less frequently observed in the control population compared to the case group. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) in "Allele" for MS was 2.28 (1.47-3.53), p=0.0001, while "OR" was 1.11 (0.83-1.47), p=0.15, for the NPYrs16147 gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Psychological stress has been positively associated with MS. A previous study from our group suggested there were differences in the level of psychological stress between Hui and Han ethnic groups. Furthermore, we found that the stress-related TNFα gene was associated with MS for both Han and Hui ethnic groups. In contrast, NPY may be a possible contributor to MS and associated cancer for the Han ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yun Bu
- Public Health School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China E-mail :
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165
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Messier L, Elisha B, Schmitz N, Gariepy G, Malla A, Lesage A, Boyer R, Wang J, Strychar I. Weight cycling and depressive symptoms in diabetes: a community-based study of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Quebec. Can J Diabetes 2014; 38:456-60. [PMID: 25034243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The problems of obesity and depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus are well documented, yet the role of weight cycling in relation to these 2 chronic conditions has not been examined. The study objective was to determine whether weight cycling predicts the development of depressive symptoms in the course of 1 year. METHODS A cohort study of 1100 adults with type 2 diabetes participating in the Diabetes Health and Well-Being Study (telephone survey using the random-digit-dialling method) had complete data at the 1-year follow up on depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) and weight cycling frequency (going on a diet and losing >10 kg). RESULTS At baseline, 56.5% of subjects reported weight cycling on at least 1 occasion in their lifetime; it was found to be associated with baseline body mass index, depression, sex and age (p<0.05). Regression analyses indicated that severe weight cycling (≥4 times) was not associated with the development of major depressive symptoms; however, it was associated with maintaining major depressive symptoms (p=0.038) but significance disappeared after adjusting for body mass index, physical activity, smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Development and maintenance of major depressive symptoms were associated with physical inactivity (p<0.05); maintenance of major depressive symptoms was also associated with higher body mass index values (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Weight cycling is a widespread phenomenon in diabetes. It was associated with depression, but severe cycling was not an independent predictor of the development and maintenance of major depressive symptoms. Clinicians should consider physical inactivity when evaluating and addressing depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyne Messier
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Belinda Elisha
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariepy
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Lesage
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard Boyer
- Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - JianLi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irene Strychar
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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166
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Heidt T, Sager HB, Courties G, Dutta P, Iwamoto Y, Zaltsman A, von Zur Muhlen C, Bode C, Fricchione GL, Denninger J, Lin CP, Vinegoni C, Libby P, Swirski FK, Weissleder R, Nahrendorf M. Chronic variable stress activates hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 2014; 20:754-758. [PMID: 24952646 PMCID: PMC4087061 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to psychosocial stress is a risk factor for many diseases, including atherosclerosis1,2. While incompletely understood, interaction between the psyche and the immune system provides one potential mechanism linking stress and disease inception and progression. Known crosstalk between the brain and immune system includes the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which centrally drives glucocorticoid production in the adrenal cortex, and the sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, which controls stress–induced catecholamine release in support of the fight–or–flight reflex3,4. It remains unknown however if chronic stress changes hematopoietic stem cell activity. Here we show that stress increases proliferation of these most primitive progenitors, giving rise to higher levels of disease–promoting inflammatory leukocytes. We found that chronic stress induced monocytosis and neutrophilia in humans. While investigating the source of leukocytosis in mice, we discovered that stress activates upstream hematopoietic stem cells. Sympathetic nerve fibers release surplus noradrenaline, which uses the β3 adrenergic receptor to signal bone marrow niche cells to decrease CXCL12 levels. Consequently, elevated hematopoietic stem cell proliferation increases output of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. When atherosclerosis–prone ApoE−/− mice encounter chronic stress, accelerated hematopoiesis promotes plaque features associated with vulnerable lesions that cause myocardial infarction and stroke in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Heidt
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hendrik B Sager
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alex Zaltsman
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gregory L Fricchione
- Division of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - John Denninger
- Division of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.,Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
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167
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Wesley A, Bengtsson C, Skillgate E, Saevarsdottir S, Theorell T, Holmqvist M, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, Wedrén S. Association Between Life Events and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Population-Based Case-Control Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Holmqvist
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital (Solna) Stockholm; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital (Solna) Stockholm; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sara Wedrén
- Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital (Solna) Stockholm; Stockholm Sweden
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168
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Toker S, Gavish I, Biron M. Job Demand–Control–Support and diabetes risk: The moderating role of self-efficacy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2012.698058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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169
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Chronic parasitization by Nosema microsporidia causes global expression changes in core nutritional, metabolic and behavioral pathways in honey bee workers (Apis mellifera). BMC Genomics 2013; 14:799. [PMID: 24245482 PMCID: PMC4046765 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic infections can profoundly affect the physiology, behavior, fitness and longevity of individuals, and may alter the organization and demography of social groups. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are two microsporidian parasites which chronically infect the digestive tract of honey bees (Apis mellifera). These parasites, in addition to other stressors, have been linked to increased mortality of individual workers and colony losses in this key pollinator species. Physiologically, Nosema infection damages midgut tissue, is energetically expensive and alters expression of immune genes in worker honey bees. Infection also accelerates worker transition from nursing to foraging behavior (termed behavioral maturation). Here, using microarrays, we characterized global gene expression patterns in adult worker honey bee midgut and fat body tissue in response to Nosema infection. Results Our results indicate that N. apis infection in young workers (1 and 2 days old) disrupts midgut development. At 2 and 7 days post-infection in the fat body tissue, N. apis drives metabolic changes consistent with energetic costs of infection. A final experiment characterizing gene expression in the fat bodies of 14 day old workers parasitized with N. apis and N. ceranae demonstrated that Nosema co-infection specifically alters conserved nutritional, metabolic and hormonal pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway, which is also linked to behavioral maturation in workers. Interestingly, in all experiments, Nosema infection did not appear to significantly regulate overall expression of canonical immune response genes, but infection did alter expression of acute immune response genes identified in a previous study. Comparative analyses suggest that changes in nutritional/metabolic processes precede changes in behavioral maturation and immune processes. Conclusions These genome-wide studies of expression patterns can help us disentangle the direct and indirect effects of chronic infection, and understand the molecular pathways that regulate disease symptoms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-799) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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170
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Lower subjective social status exaggerates interleukin-6 responses to a laboratory stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2676-85. [PMID: 23849596 PMCID: PMC3812336 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that lower subjective social status (SSS), which reflects where a person positions himself on a social ladder in relation to others, is independently related to poor health. People who rate themselves lower in status also experience more frequent stressors and report higher stress than those who rate themselves higher in status, and chronic stress can enhance an individual's response to subsequent stressors. To address whether SSS predicted stress-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) changes, we assessed 138 healthy adults at rest and following the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Participants completed the TSST at two study visits, separated by 4 months. People who placed themselves lower on the social ladder had larger IL-6 responses from baseline to 45 min post-stressor (p=0.01) and from baseline to 2h post-stressor (p=0.03) than those who placed themselves higher on the social ladder. Based on a ratio of subjective threat and coping ratings of the stress task, participants who viewed themselves as lower in status also tended to rate the speech task as more threatening and less manageable than those who viewed themselves as higher in status (p=0.05). These data suggest that people with lower perceived status experience greater physiological and psychological burden from brief stressors compared to those with higher perceived status. Accordingly, responses to stressors may be a possible mechanistic link among SSS, stress, and health.
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171
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Abstract
Perceived stress is associated with poor health outcomes including negative affect, increased susceptibility to the common cold and cardiovascular disease; the consequences of perceived stress for mortality, however, have received less attention. This study characterizes the relationship between perceived stress and 11-year mortality in a population of Taiwanese adults aged 53+ years. Using the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Near Elderly and Elderly of Taiwan, we calculated a composite measure of perceived stress based on six items pertaining to the health, financial situation, and occupation of the respondents and their families. Proportional hazard models were used to determine whether perceived stress predicted mortality. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors only, we found that a one standard deviation increase in perceived stress was associated with a 19% increase in all-cause mortality risk during the 11-year follow-up period (hazard ratio, HR = 1.19, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.13-1.26). The relationship was greatly attenuated when perceptions of stress regarding health were excluded, and was not significant after adjusting for medical conditions, mobility limitations and depressive symptoms. We conclude that the association between perceived stress and mortality is explained by an individual's current health; however, our data do not allow us to distinguish between two possible interpretations of this conclusion: (a) the relationship between perceived stress and mortality is spurious, or (b) poor health acts as the mediator.
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172
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Whitaker RC, Becker BD, Herman AN, Gooze RA. The physical and mental health of Head Start staff: the Pennsylvania Head Start staff wellness survey, 2012. Prev Chronic Dis 2013; 10:E181. [PMID: 24176085 PMCID: PMC3816599 DOI: 10.5888/pcd10.130171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite attention to the health of low-income children in Head Start, little is known about the health of adults working for the program. The objective of our study was to compare the physical and mental health of women working in Pennsylvania Head Start programs with the health of US women who have similar sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS We used data from a web-based survey in 2012 in which 2,199 of 3,375 (65.2%) staff in 66 Pennsylvania Head Start programs participated. For the 2,122 female respondents, we determined the prevalence of fair or poor health status, frequent (≥14 d/mo) unhealthy days, frequent (≥10 d/y) work absences due to illness, diagnosed depression, and 3 or more of 6 physical health conditions. We compared these prevalences with those found in 2 national samples of employed women of similar age, education, race/ethnicity, and marital status. RESULTS Among Head Start staff, 85.7% were non-Hispanic white, 62.4% were married, and 60.3% had completed college. The prevalence (% [95% confidence interval]) of several health indicators was higher in Head Start staff than in the national samples: fair or poor health (14.6% [13.1%-16.1%] vs 5.1% [4.5%-5.6%]), frequent unhealthy days (28.3% [26.3%-30.2%] vs 14.5% [14.1%-14.9%]), diagnosed depression (23.5% [21.7%-25.3%] vs 17.6% [17.1%-18.0%]), and 3 or more physical health conditions (21.8% [20.0%-23.6%] vs 12.6% [11.7%-13.5%]). CONCLUSION Women working with children in Head Start programs have poorer physical and mental health than do US women who have similar sociodemographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Whitaker
- Temple University, Center for Obesity Research and Education, 3223 North Broad St, Ste 175, Philadelphia, PA 19140. E-mail:
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173
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One-year results of the randomized, controlled, short-term psychotherapy in acute myocardial infarction (STEP-IN-AMI) trial. Int J Cardiol 2013; 170:132-9. [PMID: 24239154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies on cognitive and interpersonal interventions have yielded inconsistent results in ischemic heart disease patients. METHODS 101 patients aged ≤ 70 years, and enrolled one week after complete revascularization with urgent/emergent angioplasty for an AMI, were randomized to standard cardiological therapy plus short-term humanistic-existential psychotherapy (STP) versus standard cardiological therapy only. Primary composite end point was: one-year incidence of new cardiological events (re-infarction, death, stroke, revascularization, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, and the recurrence of typical and clinically significant angina) and of clinically significant new comorbidities. Secondary end points were: rates for individual components of the primary outcome, incidence of re-hospitalizations for cardiological problems, New York Heart Association class, and psychometric test scores at follow-up. RESULTS 94 patients were analyzed at one year. The two treatment groups were similar across all baseline characteristics. At follow-up, STP patients had had a lower incidence of the primary endpoint, relative to controls (21/49 vs. 35/45 patients; p=0.0006, respectively; NNT=3); this benefit was attributable to the lower incidence of recurrent angina and of new comorbidities in the STP group (14/49 vs. 22/45 patients, p=0.04, NNT=5; and 5/49 vs. 25/45, p<0.0001, NNT=3, respectively). Patients undergoing STP also had statistically fewer re-hospitalizations, a better NYHA class, higher quality of life, and lower depression scores. CONCLUSION Adding STP to cardiological therapy improves cardiological symptoms, quality of life, and psychological and medical outcomes one year post AMI, while reducing the need for re-hospitalizations. Larger studies remain necessary to confirm the generalizability of these results. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT00769366.
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174
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Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization is required for proper recovery of LPS-induced inflammation, sickness behavior and metabolism in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1006-17. [PMID: 23089634 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids are essential for mobilizing energy resources, restraining inflammatory responses and coordinating behavior to an immune challenge. Impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function has been associated with impaired metabolic processes, enhanced inflammation and exaggerated sickness and depressive-like behaviors. To discern the molecular mechanisms underlying GR regulation of physiologic and behavioral responses to a systemic immune challenge, GR(dim) mice, in which absent GR dimerization leads to impaired GR-DNA-binding-dependent mechanisms but intact GR protein-protein interactions, were administered low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS). GR(dim)-LPS mice exhibited elevated and prolonged levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 (but not plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)), enhanced early expression of brain TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels, and impaired later central TNFα mRNA expression. Exaggerated sickness behavior (lethargy, piloerection, ptosis) in the GR(dim)-LPS mice was associated with increased early brain proinflammatory cytokine expression and late plasma CORT levels, but decreased late brain TNFα expression. GR(dim)-LPS mice also exhibited sustained locomotor impairment in the open field, body weight loss and metabolic alterations measured by indirect calorimetry, as well as impaired thermoregulation. Taken together, these data indicate that GR dimerization-dependent DNA-binding mechanisms differentially regulate systemic and central cytokine expression in a cytokine- and time-specific manner, and are essential for the proper regulation and recovery of multiple physiologic responses to low-dose endotoxin. Moreover, these results support the concept that GR protein-protein interactions are not sufficient for glucocorticoids to exert their full anti-inflammatory effects and suggest that glucocorticoid responses limited to GR monomer-mediated transcriptional effects could predispose individuals to prolonged behavioral and metabolic sequelae of an enhanced inflammatory state.
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175
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Goosby BJ, Heidbrink C. Transgenerational Consequences of Racial Discrimination for African American Health. SOCIOLOGY COMPASS 2013; 7:630-643. [PMID: 24855488 PMCID: PMC4026365 DOI: 10.1111/soc4.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in African American health remain pervasive and persist transgenerationally. There is a growing consensus that both structural and interpersonal racial discrimination are key mechanisms affecting African American health. The Biopsychosocial Model of Racism as a Stressor posits that the persistent stress of experiencing discrimination take a physical toll on the health of African Americans and is ultimately manifested in the onset of illness. However, the degree to which the health consequences of racism and discrimination can be passed down from one generation to the next is an important avenue of exploration. In this review, we discuss and link literature across disciplines demonstrating the harmful impact of racism on African American physical health and the health of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget J. Goosby
- Department of Sociology, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 742 Oldfather Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
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176
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Vaccarino V, Kondwani KA, Kelley ME, Murrah NV, Boyd L, Ahmed Y, Meng YX, Gibbons GH, Hooper WC, De Staercke C, Quyyumi AA. Effect of meditation on endothelial function in Black Americans with metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:591-9. [PMID: 23788695 PMCID: PMC3774317 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e31829ac4f4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological stress may play a role in metabolic syndrome. A consequence of metabolic syndrome is endothelial dysfunction, which is also influenced by psychological stress. We sought to compare the effect of consciously resting meditation (CRM), a sound based meditation, with a control intervention of health education (HE) on endothelial function in the setting of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Sixty-eight black Americans with metabolic syndrome risk factors (age, 30-65 years) were randomized to either CRM (n = 33) or HE (n = 35); interventions were matched for frequency and duration of sessions and lasted 12 months. Endothelial function was assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Arterial elasticity, metabolic risk factors, and psychosocial and behavioral variables were secondary end points. RESULTS Although flow-mediated dilation improved in the CRM group for 12 months, this increase was not significantly higher than that in the HE group (p = .51 for the interaction between group and time). Non-endothelium-dependent dilation and arterial elasticity did not change in either group. Most metabolic syndrome risk factors showed beneficial trends in the CRM group only. A risk factor score counting the number of metabolic syndrome components decreased in the CRM group only (p = .049 for the interaction between treatment group and time). CONCLUSIONS Among black Americans with metabolic syndrome risk factors, CRM, did not improve endothelial function significantly more than a control intervention of HE. CRM resulted in favorable trends in metabolic syndrome risk factors, which were examined as secondary outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Almadi T, Cathers I, Chow CM. Associations among work-related stress, cortisol, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:821-30. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tawfiq Almadi
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Ian Cathers
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
| | - Chin Moi Chow
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Sydney; Lidcombe Australia
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Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic and with its rise, its associated co-morbidities are increasing in prevalence, particularly uncontrolled hypertension. Lifestyle changes should be an anchor for the management of obesity-related hypertension; however, they are difficult to sustain. Drug therapy is often necessary to achieve blood pressure control. Diuretics, inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are often used as first trio, with subsequent additions of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and/or dual alpha/beta blocking agents. While a number of agents are currently available, 50 % of hypertensive patients remain uncontrolled. A number of novel drug and invasive therapies are in development and hold significant potential for the effective management of obesity-related hypertension.
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179
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Fontana L, Addante F, Copetti M, Paroni G, Fontana A, Sancarlo D, Pellegrini F, Ferrucci L, Pilotto A. Identification of a metabolic signature for multidimensional impairment and mortality risk in hospitalized older patients. Aging Cell 2013; 12:459-66. [PMID: 23496093 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of several metabolic and hormonal adaptations has been proposed to control aging. Little is known regarding the effects of multiple deregulations of these metabolic and hormonal systems in modulating frailty and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. We measured 17 biological serum parameters from different metabolic/hormonal pathways in 594 hospitalized elderly patients followed up to 1 year who were stratified into three groups according to their multidimensional impairment, evaluated by a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA)-based Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI). The mortality incidence rates were 7% at 1 month and 21% at 1 year. Our data show that frailty and mortality rate were positively associated with chronic inflammation and with a down-regulation of multiple endocrine factors. Of the 17 biomarkers examined, blood levels of IGF-1, triiodothyronine, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell and lymphocyte counts, iron, albumin, total cholesterol, and LDL-c were significantly associated with both MPI severity grade and mortality. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, the following biomarkers most strongly predicted the risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per 1 quintile increment in predictor distribution): IGF-1 HR = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.80), CRP HR = 1.48 (95% CI: 1.32-1.65), hemoglobin HR = 0.82 (95% CI: 0.73-0.92), and glucose HR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.04-1.30). Multidimensional impairment assessed by MPI is associated with a distinctive metabolic 'signature'. The concomitant elevation of markers of inflammation, associated with a simultaneous reduction in multiple metabolic and hormonal factors, predicts mortality in hospitalized elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Fontana
- Department of Medicine Salerno University Medical School Salerno Italy
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science Washington University in St.Louis St.Louis MO USA
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Napoli Italy
| | - Filomena Addante
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Giulia Paroni
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Daniele Sancarlo
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
| | - Fabio Pellegrini
- Unit of Biostatistics IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
- Unit of Biostatistics DCPE Consorzio Mario Negri Sud Santa Maria Imbaro Chieti Italy
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging Longitudinal Studies Section Harbor Hospital Center Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Department of Medical Sciences Gerontology‐Geriatric Research Laboratory IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo Italy
- Geriatrics Unit Azienda ULSS 16 Padova S Antonio Hospital Padova Italy
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180
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Armon G, Melamed S, Shirom A, Berliner S, Shapira I. The associations of the Five Factor Model of personality with inflammatory biomarkers: A four-year prospective study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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181
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Silva EM, Conde JN, Allonso D, Nogueira ML, Mohana-Borges R. Mapping the interactions of dengue virus NS1 protein with human liver proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system: identification of C1q as an interacting partner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57514. [PMID: 23516407 PMCID: PMC3597719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue constitutes a global health concern. The clinical manifestation of this disease varies from mild febrile illness to severe hemorrhage and/or fatal hypovolemic shock. Flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a secreted glycoprotein that is displayed on the surface of infected cells but is absent in viral particles. NS1 accumulates at high levels in the plasma of dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients, and previous reports highlight its involvement in immune evasion, dengue severity, liver dysfunction and pathogenesis. In the present study, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to search for DENV2 NS1-interacting partners using a human liver cDNA library. We identified fifty genes, including human complement component 1 (C1q), which was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation, ELISA and immunofluorescence assays, revealing for the first time the direct binding of this protein to NS1. Furthermore, the majority of the identified genes encode proteins that are secreted into the plasma of patients, and most of these proteins are classified as acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen, haptoglobin, hemopexin, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, retinol binding protein 4, transferrin, and C4. The results presented here confirm the direct interaction of DENV NS1 with a key protein of the complement system and suggest a role for this complement protein in the pathogenesis of DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana M. Silva
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas N. Conde
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Allonso
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L. Nogueira
- Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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182
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Monteiro KM, Spindola HM, Possenti A, Tinti SV, Ruiz AL, Longato GB, Fiorito GF, Marchetti GM, Shiozawa L, Piloni BU, de Oliveira AC, Miyagawa LM, Carvalho JE. Characterization of a refinement of the “pylorus ligation” model of rat gastric ulceration resulting in “no pain” and a more specific pharmacological response. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 67:121-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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183
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Vlajinac H, Sipetic S, Marinkovic J, Ratkov I, Maksimovic J, Dzoljic E, Kostic V. The stressful life events and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Stress Health 2013; 29:50-5. [PMID: 22396022 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A case-control study was conducted in order to investigate the possible link between stressful life events and Parkinson's disease (PD). A group of 110 consecutive newly diagnosed PD cases treated at the Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, was compared with a control group comprising 220 subjects with degenerative joint disease and some diseases of the digestive tract. The case and control subjects were matched by sex, age (±2 years) and place of residence (urban/rural). According to conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis, PD was found to be significantly related to retirement (odds ratio--OR 18.73, 95% confidence interval--95%CI 1.9-175.4), birth of own child (OR 66.22, 95%CI 8.3-526.3) and air raids (OR 5.66, 95%CI 2.4-13.5). The risk of PD significantly increased with the number of stressful events. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that stress may play a role in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Vlajinac
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia.
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184
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Pace TWW, Negi LT, Dodson-Lavelle B, Ozawa-de Silva B, Reddy SD, Cole SP, Danese A, Craighead LW, Raison CL. Engagement with Cognitively-Based Compassion Training is associated with reduced salivary C-reactive protein from before to after training in foster care program adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:294-9. [PMID: 22762896 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children exposed to early life adversity (ELA) have been shown to have elevated circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers that persist into adulthood. Increased inflammation in individuals with ELA is believed to drive the elevated risk for medical and psychiatric illness in the same individuals. This study sought to determine whether Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT) reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) in adolescents in foster care with high rates of ELA, and to evaluate the relationship between CBCT engagement and changes in CRP given prior evidence from our group for an effect of practice on inflammatory markers. It was hypothesized that increasing engagement would be associated with reduced CRP from baseline to the 6-week assessment. METHODS Seventy-one adolescents in the Georgia foster care system (31 females), aged 13-17, were randomized to either 6 weeks of CBCT or a wait-list condition. State records were used to obtain information about each participant's history of trauma and neglect, as well as reason for placement in foster care. Saliva was collected before and again after 6 weeks of CBCT or the wait-list condition. Participants in the CBCT group completed practice diaries as a means of assessing engagement with the CBCT. RESULTS No difference between groups was observed in salivary CRP concentrations. Within the CBCT group, practice sessions during the study correlated with reduced CRP from baseline to the 6-week assessment. CONCLUSIONS Engagement with CBCT may positively impact inflammatory measures relevant to health in adolescents at high risk for poor adult functioning as a result of significant ELA, including individuals placed in foster care. Longer term follow-up will be required to evaluate if these changes are maintained and translate into improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus W W Pace
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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185
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Kan C, Silva N, Golden SH, Rajala U, Timonen M, Stahl D, Ismail K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between depression and insulin resistance. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:480-9. [PMID: 23349152 PMCID: PMC3554272 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, controlled trials, and unpublished data was conducted to examine the association between depression and insulin resistance (IR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published up to September 2011. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design and measure of depression and IR, excluding prevalent cases of diabetes). Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size using random effects. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore any potential source of heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS Of 967 abstracts reviewed, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 18 studies had appropriate data for the meta-analysis (n = 25,847). The pooled effect size (95% CI) was 0.19 (0.11-0.27) with marked heterogeneity (I(2) = 82.2%) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was not explained by age or sex, but could be partly explained by the methods of depression and IR assessments. CONCLUSIONS A small but significant cross-sectional association was observed between depression and IR, despite heterogeneity between studies. The pathophysiology mechanisms and direction of this association need further study using a purposively designed prospective or intervention study in samples at high risk for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Kan
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK.
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186
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Obesity and african americans: physiologic and behavioral pathways. ISRN OBESITY 2013; 2013:314295. [PMID: 24533220 PMCID: PMC3901988 DOI: 10.1155/2013/314295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although progress has been made to understand the association between physiological and lifestyle behaviors with regard to obesity, ethnic differences in markers of obesity and pathways towards obesity remain somewhat unexplained. However, obesity remains a serious growing concern. This paper highlights ethnic differences in African Americans and Caucasians that may contribute to the higher prevalence of obesity among African Americans. Understanding ethnic differences in metabolic syndrome criteria, functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, variations in glucocorticoid sensitivity and insulin resistance, and physical activity and cardiovascular fitness levels may help to inform practical clinical and public health interventions and reduce obesity disparities.
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187
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Dean E, Gormsen Hansen R. Prescribing optimal nutrition and physical activity as "first-line" interventions for best practice management of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with osteoarthritis: evidence synthesis. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:560634. [PMID: 23346399 PMCID: PMC3546455 DOI: 10.1155/2012/560634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlie chronic osteoarthritis. Although best-practice guidelines for osteoarthritis emphasize self-management including weight control and exercise, the role of lifestyle behavior change to address chronic low-grade inflammation has not been a focus of first-line management. This paper synthesizes the literature that supports the idea in which the Western diet and inactivity are proinflammatory, whereas a plant-based diet and activity are anti-inflammatory, and that low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress underlying osteoarthritis often coexist with lifestyle-related risk factors and conditions. We provide evidence-informed recommendations on how lifestyle behavior change can be integrated into "first-line" osteoarthritis management through teamwork and targeted evidence-based interventions. Healthy living can be exploited to reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and related pain and disability and improve patients' overall health. This approach aligns with evidence-based best practice and holds the promise of eliminating or reducing chronic low-grade inflammation, attenuating disease progression, reducing weight, maximizing health by minimizing a patient's risk or manifestations of other lifestyle-related conditions hallmarked by chronic low-grade inflammation, and reducing the need for medications and surgery. This approach provides an informed cost effective basis for prevention, potential reversal, and management of signs and symptoms of chronic osteoarthritis and has implications for research paradigms in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dean
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Rasmus Gormsen Hansen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Ringsted and Slagelse Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
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188
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Emeny R, Lacruz ME, Baumert J, Zierer A, von Eisenhart Rothe A, Autenrieth C, Herder C, Koenig W, Thorand B, Ladwig KH. Job strain associated CRP is mediated by leisure time physical activity: results from the MONICA/KORA study. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1077-84. [PMID: 22813435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress at work is considered a cardiac risk factor, yet whether it acts directly through neuroimmune processes, or indirectly by increasing behavioral risk factors, is uncertain. Cross-sectional associations between job strain and serum biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were investigated. Secondary analyses explored the role of psychosocial/cardiometabolic risk factors as mediators of job stress associated inflammation in healthy workers. METHODS Information on risk factors was obtained in standardized personal interviews of a subcohort of working participants in the MONICA/KORA population (n = 951). Work stress was measured by the Karasek job strain index. Biomarkers were measured from non-fasting venous blood. Multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the association of job strain with inflammatory biomarkers. Mediation analysis (Sobel test) was used to determine the effect of psychosocial risk factors on the association between job strain and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS High job strain was reported by half (n = 482, 50.7%) of the study participants. While workers with high job strain were more likely to have adverse workplace conditions (competition with coworkers, job dissatisfaction and insecurity), sleeping problems, depressive symptoms, a Type A personality, and be physically inactive, no differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were detected. A strong and robust association between job strain and CRP was observed in age and sex adjusted models, as well as models adjusted for classic coronary heart disease risk factors (β = 0.39, p = 0.006 and β = 0.27, p = 0.03, respectively). Adjustment for physical activity abrogated this effect (β = 0.23, p = 0.07), and a mediating effect of physical activity on stress-associated inflammation was demonstrated (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The analyses provide evidence for both a direct and an indirect effect of job strain on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Emeny
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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189
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Hepgul N, Pariante CM, Dipasquale S, DiForti M, Taylor H, Marques TR, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Murray RM, Mondelli V. Childhood maltreatment is associated with increased body mass index and increased C-reactive protein levels in first-episode psychosis patients. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1893-901. [PMID: 22260948 PMCID: PMC4081598 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with psychosis is mainly attributed to antipsychotic treatment. However, it is also possible that psychological stress plays a role, inducing a chronic inflammatory process that may predispose to the development of metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the association between childhood maltreatment and inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in subjects with first-episode psychosis and healthy controls. METHOD Body mass index (BMI), weight and waist circumference were measured in 95 first-episode psychosis patients and 97 healthy controls. Inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured in a subsample of 28 patients and 45 controls. In all the subjects we collected information on childhood maltreatment and recent stressors. RESULTS Patients with childhood maltreatment had higher BMI [25.0 (S.E.=0.6) kg/m2] and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [1.1 (S.E.=0.6) mg/dl] when compared with healthy controls [23.4 (S.E.=0.4) kg/m2, p=0.030 and 0.2 (S.E.=0.1) mg/dl, p=0.009, respectively]. In contrast, patients without childhood maltreatment were not significantly different from healthy controls for either BMI [24.7 (S.E.=0.6) kg/m2, p=0.07] or CRP levels [0.5 (S.E.=0.2) mg/dl, p=0.25]. After controlling for the effect of BMI, the difference in CRP levels across the three groups remained significant (F 2,58=3.6, p=0.035), suggesting that the increase in inflammation was not driven by an increase in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment is associated with higher BMI, and increased CRP levels, in patients with a first-episode psychosis. Further studies need to confirm the mechanisms underlying the putative causal relationship between childhood maltreatment and higher BMI, and whether this is indeed mediated by increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Hepgul
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Salvatore Dipasquale
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marta DiForti
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Heather Taylor
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Paola Dazzan
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK
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190
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Von Känel R, Vökt F, Biasiutti FD, Stauber S, Wuillemin WA, Lukas PS. Relation of psychological distress to the international normalized ratio in patients with venous thromboembolism with and without oral anticoagulant therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:1547-55. [PMID: 22646913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress might affect the international normalized ratio (INR), but effects might vary depending on oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of psychological distress with INR and clotting factors of the extrinsic pathway in patients with and without OAC therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We studied 190 patients with a previous venous thromboembolism (VTE); 148 had discontinued OAC therapy and 42 had ongoing OAC therapy. To assess psychological distress, all patients completed validated questionnaires to measure symptoms of depression, anxiety, worrying, anger and hostility. INR, fibrinogen, factor (F)II:C, FV:C, FVII:C and FX:C were measured as part of outpatient thrombophilia work-up. RESULTS In VTE patients without OAC therapy, the odds of a reduced INR (< 1.00) were significantly increased from 1.5 to 1.8 times for an increase of 1 standard deviation (SD) in symptoms of depression, anxiety, worrying and anger, respectively, after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, hematocrit and C-reactive protein. Worrying, anger and hostility also showed significant direct associations with FVII:C. In patients with OAC therapy, INR was unrelated to a negative affect; however, lower FVII:C related to anxiety and worrying as well as lower FX:C related to anger and hostility were observed in patients with OAC therapy compared with those without OAC therapy. CONCLUSIONS Psychological distress was associated with a reduced INR in VTE patients without OAC therapy. The direction of the association between psychological distress and activity in some clotting factors of the extrinsic coagulation pathway might differ depending on whether VTE patients are under OAC therapy or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Von Känel
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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191
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Reply to: “Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Is there a role for infections?”. Nutrition 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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192
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DeSantis AS, DiezRoux AV, Hajat A, Aiello AE, Golden SH, Jenny NS, Seeman TE, Shea S. Associations of salivary cortisol levels with inflammatory markers: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1009-18. [PMID: 22178583 PMCID: PMC3358540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Socioeconomic and psychosocial factors have been found to be associated with systemic inflammation. Although stress is often proposed as a contributor to these associations, no population studies have investigated the links between inflammation and biomarkers of stress. The current study examines associations between daily cortisol profiles and inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) in a population-based sample of 869 adults with repeat measures of cortisol over multiple days. Persons with higher levels of IL-6 had a less pronounced cortisol awakening response, a less steep daily decline, and higher cortisol area under the curve for the day with associations persisting after controls for risk factors and other cytokines. Persons with higher levels of TNF-a had lower cortisol levels upon waking, and flatter daily decline, although associations with decline were attenuated when controlling for inflammatory risk factors. Higher levels of IL-10 were associated with marginally flatter daily cortisol decline (p<.10). This study is the first to identify associations of basal cortisol activity and inflammatory markers in a population based sample. Findings are consistent with the possibility that HPA axis activity may mediate associations between psychosocial stressors and inflammatory processes. Additional prospective data are necessary to clarify the directionality of associations between cortisol and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Hajat
- University of Michigan – Ann Arbor
| | | | | | | | - TE Seeman
- University of California – Los Angeles
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193
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Silverman MN, Sternberg EM. Glucocorticoid regulation of inflammation and its functional correlates: from HPA axis to glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1261:55-63. [PMID: 22823394 PMCID: PMC3572859 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune disease can be related to impairments in HPA axis activity and associated hypocortisolism, or to glucocorticoid resistance resulting from impairments in local factors affecting glucocorticoid availability and function, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The enhanced inflammation and hypercortisolism that typically characterize stress-related illnesses, such as depression, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, or osteoporosis, may also be related to increased glucocorticoid resistance. This review focuses on impaired GR function as a molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance. Both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to impaired GR function. The evidence that glucocorticoid resistance can be environmentally induced has important implications for management of stress-related inflammatory illnesses and underscores the importance of prevention and management of chronic stress. The simultaneous assessment of neural, endocrine, and immune biomarkers through various noninvasive methods will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni N Silverman
- Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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194
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Karlović D, Serretti A, Vrkić N, Martinac M, Marčinko D. Serum concentrations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and cortisol in major depressive disorder with melancholic or atypical features. Psychiatry Res 2012; 198:74-80. [PMID: 22386567 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore possible differences between serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cortisol concentration in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with melancholic features, and MDD with atypical features. As secondary aim, we investigated possible associations with clinical features such as suicidal ideation, number of episodes, duration of depression and symptomatology severity. We included 55 MDD patients (32 with melancholic features and 23 with atypical features) and 18 healthy controls. When compared to healthy controls, MDD with melancholic or atypical features showed higher CRP and IL-6, but not TNF-α. Cortisol concentration was higher in MDD with melancholic type, in comparison to the atypical type of MDD or controls. A positive correlation was found between the severity of depressive symptoms, concentrations of IL-6 and cortisol in the MDD group with melancholic features, while a negative correlation was observed between IL-6 and CRP in the MDD group with atypical feature. Also, in the MDD group with atypical features, there was a correlation between the severity of anxiety symptoms based on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HARS), concentration of CRP, and the duration of symptoms. In conclusion, we observed several differences in serum CRP, IL-6, and cortisol concentrations in MDD patients considering clinical features as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Karlović
- Department of Psychiatry, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
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195
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Crandall CJ, Miller-Martinez D, Greendale GA, Binkley N, Seeman TE, Karlamangla AS. Socioeconomic status, race, and bone turnover in the Midlife in the US Study. Osteoporos Int 2012; 23:1503-12. [PMID: 21811862 PMCID: PMC3257365 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-011-1736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Among a group of 940 US adults, economic adversity and minority race status were associated with higher serum levels of markers of bone turnover. These results suggest that higher levels of social stress may increase bone turnover. INTRODUCTION To determine socioeconomic status (SES) and race differences in levels of bone turnover. METHODS Using data from the Biomarker Substudy of the Midlife in the US (MIDUS) study (491 men, 449 women), we examined cross-sectional associations of SES and race with serum levels of bone turnover markers (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BSAP], procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP], and N-telopeptide [Ntx]) separately in men and women. Linear multivariable regression was used to control for body weight, menopausal transition stage, and age. RESULTS Among men, low family poverty-to-income ratio (FPIR) was associated with higher turnover, but neither education nor race was associated with turnover. Men with FPIR <3 had 1.808 nM BCE higher Ntx (P = 0.05), 3.366 U/L higher BSAP (P = 0.02), and 7.066 higher PINP (P = 0.02). Among women, neither education nor FPIR was associated with bone turnover, but Black women had 3.688 nM BCE higher Ntx (P = 0.001), 5.267 U/L higher BSAP (P = 0.005), and 11.906 μg/L higher PINP (P = 0.008) compared with non-Black women. CONCLUSIONS Economic adversity was associated with higher bone turnover in men, and minority race status was associated with higher bone turnover in women, consistent with the hypothesis that higher levels of social stresses cause increased bone turnover. The magnitude of these associations was comparable to the effects of some osteoporosis medications on levels of turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J. Crandall
- Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Dana Miller-Martinez
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gail A. Greendale
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Neil Binkley
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Osteoporosis Clinical Center and Research Program, Madison, WI
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Arun S. Karlamangla
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
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196
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Ishii S, Karlamangla AS, Bote M, Irwin MR, Jacobs DR, Cho HJ, Seeman TE. Gender, obesity and repeated elevation of C-reactive protein: data from the CARDIA cohort. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36062. [PMID: 22558327 PMCID: PMC3340402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
C-reactive Protein (CRP) measurements above 10 mg/L have been conventionally treated as acute inflammation and excluded from epidemiologic studies of chronic inflammation. However, recent evidence suggest that such CRP elevations can be seen even with chronic inflammation. The authors assessed 3,300 participants in The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who had two or more CRP measurements between 1992/3 and 2005/6 to a) investigate characteristics associated with repeated CRP elevation above 10 mg/L; b) identify subgroups at high risk of repeated elevation; and c) investigate the effect of different CRP thresholds on the probability of an elevation being one-time rather than repeated. 225 participants (6.8%) had one-time and 103 (3.1%) had repeated CRP elevation above 10 mg/L. Repeated elevation was associated with obesity, female gender, low income, and sex hormone use. The probability of an elevation above 10 mg/L being one-time rather than repeated was lowest (51%) in women with body mass index above 31 kg/m(2), compared to 82% in others. These findings suggest that CRP elevations above 10 mg/L in obese women are likely to be from chronic rather than acute inflammation, and that CRP thresholds above 10 mg/L may be warranted to distinguish acute from chronic inflammation in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishii
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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197
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Abstract
Bistability is a fundamental phenomenon in nature. In biology, a number of fine properties of bistability have been identified. However, these properties are only consequences of bistability at the physiological level, which do not explain why it had to emerge during evolution. Using optimal homeostasis as the first principle, I find that bistability emerges as an indispensable control mechanism. It is the only solution to a dilemma in glucose homeostasis: high insulin efficiency is required to confer rapidness in plasma glucose clearance, whereas an insulin sparing state is required to guarantee the brain's safety during fasting. The optimality consideration renders a clear correspondence between the molecular and physiological levels. This new perspective can illuminate studies on the twin epidemics of obesity and diabetes and the corresponding intervening strategies. For example, overnutrition and sedentary lifestyle may represent sudden environmental changes that cause the lose of optimality, which may contribute to the marked rise of obesity and diabetes in our generation. Because this bistability result is independent of the parameters of the mathematical model (for which the result is quite general), some other biological systems may also use bistability to control homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Wang
- Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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198
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A Review of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Psoriasis. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-011-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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199
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Neves VJ, Moura MJCS, Almeida BS, Costa R, Sanches A, Ferreira R, Tamascia ML, Romani EAO, Novaes PD, Marcondes FK. Chronic stress, but not hypercaloric diet, impairs vascular function in rats. Stress 2012; 15:138-48. [PMID: 21801080 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.601369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate vascular and metabolic effects of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) and hypercaloric diet (HD) without carbohydrate supplementation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, HD, CMS, and HD plus CMS. CMS consisted of the application of different stressors for 3 weeks. The rats were killed 15 days after CMS exposure. The HD group presented higher plasma lipid concentrations, without changes in fasting glucose concentration, glucose tolerance test, and vascular function and morphology, in comparison with the control group. Stressed rats presented higher fasting blood concentration of insulin, higher homeostasis model assessment index values and area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test, in comparison with non-stressed rats. CMS increased the plasma concentrations of corticosterone and lipids, and the atherogenic index values, without change in high-density lipoprotein level. CMS increased intima-media thickness and induced endothelium-dependent supersensitivity to phenylephrine, and lowered the relaxation response to acetylcholine in the thoracic aorta isolated from rats fed with control or HD, in comparison with non-stressed groups. CMS effects were independent of diet. In non-stressed rats, the HD induced dyslipidemia, but did not change glucose metabolism, vascular function, or morphology. The data from this study indicate that CMS promotes a set of events which together can contribute to impair function of the thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Neves
- Laboratory of Stress, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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200
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Tolmay CM, Malan L, van Rooyen JM. The relationship between cortisol, C-reactive protein and hypertension in African and Causcasian women: the POWIRS study. Cardiovasc J Afr 2012; 23:78-84. [PMID: 22447476 PMCID: PMC3721929 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2011-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the roles that C-reactive protein (CRP) and other risk factors such as cortisol and obesity play in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in African and Caucasian women has become increasingly imperative when one considers the prevalence of hypertension in these groups. CRP and cortisol have been associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension and obesity. Cortisol has also been linked with both hypertension and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response. African women have previously presented with an increased vascular reactivity. Conversely, Caucasian women have displayed an increased central cardiac reactivity. We included African (n = 102) and Caucasian (n = 115) women in the study, matched for age and body mass index. Elevated CRP levels were observed in African women compared to Caucasian women. A trend of hypocortisolism was exhibited in both hypertensive ethnic groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a vascular marker, arterial compliance (Cw), predicted hypertension in African women. Conversely, in Caucasian women, only SBP predicted hypertension. These results suggest the apparently diverse roles that dysregulation by the HPA axis, in conjunction with the respective cardiac and vascular responses in both Caucasian and African women, can play in future cardiovascular risk for these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Tolmay
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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