151
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Wu R, Chen F, Wang N, Tang D, Kang R. ACOD1 in immunometabolism and disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:822-833. [PMID: 32601305 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging as a regulator of immunometabolism in inflammation and infection. Upregulation of ACOD1 expression occurs in activated immune cells (e.g., macrophages and monocytes) in response to pathogen infection (e.g., bacteria and viruses), pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (e.g., LPS), cytokines (e.g., TNF and IFNs), and damage-associated molecular patterns (e.g., monosodium urate). Mechanistically, several immune receptors (e.g., TLRs and IFNAR), adapter proteins (e.g., MYD88), ubiquitin ligases (e.g., A20), and transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, IRFs, and STATs) form complex signal transduction networks to control ACOD1 expression in a context-dependent manner. Functionally, ACOD1 mediates itaconate production, oxidative stress, and antigen processing and plays dual roles in immunity and diseases. On the one hand, activation of the ACOD1 pathway may limit pathogen infection and promote embryo implantation. On the other hand, abnormal ACOD1 expression can lead to tumor progression, neurodegenerative disease, and immune paralysis. Further understanding of the function and regulation of ACOD1 is important for the application of ACOD1-based therapeutic strategies in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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152
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Wilkinson DJ, Rodriguez-Blanco G, Dunn WB, Phillips BE, Williams JP, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Gallagher IJ, Atherton PJ. Untargeted metabolomics for uncovering biological markers of human skeletal muscle ageing. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12517-12533. [PMID: 32580166 PMCID: PMC7377844 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing compromises skeletal muscle mass and function through poorly defined molecular aetiology. Here we have used untargeted metabolomics using UHPLC-MS to profile muscle tissue from young (n=10, 25±4y), middle aged (n=18, 50±4y) and older (n=18, 70±3y) men and women (50:50). Random Forest was used to prioritise metabolite features most informative in stratifying older age, with potential biological context examined using the prize-collecting Steiner forest algorithm embedded in the PIUMet software, to identify metabolic pathways likely perturbed in ageing. This approach was able to filter a large dataset of several thousand metabolites down to subnetworks of age important metabolites. Identified networks included the common age-associated metabolites such as androgens, (poly)amines/amino acids and lipid metabolites, in addition to some potentially novel ageing related markers such as dihydrothymine and imidazolone-5-proprionic acid. The present study reveals that this approach is a potentially useful tool to identify processes underlying human tissue ageing, and could therefore be utilised in future studies to investigate the links between age predictive metabolites and common biomarkers linked to health and disease across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wilkinson
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Giovanny Rodriguez-Blanco
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Warwick B Dunn
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bethan E Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - John P Williams
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- University of Stirling, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Stirling, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
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153
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De Souza DP, Achuthan A, Lee MK, Binger KJ, Lee MC, Davidson S, Tull DL, McConville MJ, Cook AD, Murphy AJ, Hamilton JA, Fleetwood AJ. Autocrine IFN-I inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase in the TCA cycle of LPS-stimulated macrophages. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4239-4244. [PMID: 31483287 DOI: 10.1172/jci127597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation in response to LPS is coupled to profound metabolic changes, typified by accumulation of the TCA cycle intermediates citrate, itaconate, and succinate. We have identified that endogenous type I IFN controls the cellular citrate/α-ketoglutarate ratio and inhibits expression and activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH); and, via 13C-labeling studies, demonstrated that autocrine type I IFN controls carbon flow through IDH in LPS-activated macrophages. We also found that type I IFN-driven IL-10 contributes to inhibition of IDH activity and itaconate synthesis in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Our findings have identified the autocrine type I IFN pathway as being responsible for the inhibition of IDH in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Man Ks Lee
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J Binger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming-Chin Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sophia Davidson
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dedreia L Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cook
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Fleetwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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154
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Qin W, Zhang Y, Tang H, Liu D, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang C. Chemoproteomic Profiling of Itaconation by Bioorthogonal Probes in Inflammatory Macrophages. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10894-10898. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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155
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Cytokine-like Roles for Metabolites in Immunity. Mol Cell 2020; 78:814-823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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156
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Fernández-García M, Rey-Stolle F, Boccard J, Reddy VP, García A, Cumming BM, Steyn AJC, Rudaz S, Barbas C. Comprehensive Examination of the Mouse Lung Metabolome Following Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Using a Multiplatform Mass Spectrometry Approach. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2053-2070. [PMID: 32285670 PMCID: PMC7199213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms whereby Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) rewires the host metabolism in vivo are surprisingly unexplored. Here, we used three high-resolution mass spectrometry platforms to track altered lung metabolic changes associated with Mtb infection of mice. The multiplatform data sets were merged using consensus orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (cOPLS-DA), an algorithm that allows for the joint interpretation of the results from a single multivariate analysis. We show that Mtb infection triggers a temporal and progressive catabolic state to satisfy the continuously changing energy demand to control infection. This causes dysregulation of metabolic and oxido-reductive pathways culminating in Mtb-associated wasting. Notably, high abundances of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), produced by the host from the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine upon infection, suggest that Mtb could exploit TMAO as an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. Overall, these new pathway alterations advance our understanding of the link between Mtb pathogenesis and metabolic dysregulation and could serve as a foundation for new therapeutic intervention strategies. Mass spectrometry data has been deposited in the Metabolomics Workbench repository (data-set identifier: ST001328).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-García
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | - Julien Boccard
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Lausanne and University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Vineel P. Reddy
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Antonia García
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
| | | | - Adrie J. C. Steyn
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
- Africa
Health Research Institute, Durban 4001, South Africa
- UAB
Centers for AIDS Research and Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Serge Rudaz
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Lausanne and University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro
de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de
Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU
Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte 28660, Spain
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157
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van Teijlingen Bakker N, Pearce EJ. Cell-intrinsic metabolic regulation of mononuclear phagocyte activation: Findings from the tip of the iceberg. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:54-67. [PMID: 32242952 PMCID: PMC10911050 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have only recently started to appreciate the extent to which immune cell activation involves significant changes in cellular metabolism. We are now beginning to understand how commitment to specific metabolic pathways influences aspects of cellular biology that are the more usual focus of immunological studies, such as activation-induced changes in gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation of transcription, post-translational modifications of proteins, cytokine secretion, etc. Here, we focus on metabolic reprogramming in mononuclear phagocytes downstream of stimulation with inflammatory signals (such as LPS and IFNγ) vs alternative activation signals (IL-4), with an emphasis on work on dendritic cells and macrophages from our laboratory, and related studies from others. We cover aspects of glycolysis and its branching pathways (glycogen synthesis, pentose phosphate, serine synthesis, hexose synthesis, and glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle), the tricarboxylic acid pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and mitochondrial biology. Although our understanding of the metabolism of mononuclear phagocytes has progressed significantly over the last 10 years, major challenges remain, including understanding the effects of tissue residence on metabolic programming related to cellular activation, and the translatability of findings from mouse to human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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158
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Abstract
A striking change has happened in the field of immunology whereby specific metabolic processes have been shown to be a critical determinant of immune cell activation. Multiple immune receptor types rewire metabolic pathways as a key part of how they promote effector functions. Perhaps surprisingly for immunologists, the Krebs cycle has emerged as the central immunometabolic hub of the macrophage. During proinflammatory macrophage activation, there is an accumulation of the Krebs cycle intermediates succinate and citrate, and the Krebs cycle–derived metabolite itaconate. These metabolites have distinct nonmetabolic signaling roles that influence inflammatory gene expression. A key bioenergetic target for the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, also becomes altered, generating reactive oxygen species from Complexes I and III. Similarly, alternatively activated macrophages require α-ketoglutarate-dependent epigenetic reprogramming to elicit anti-inflammatory gene expression. In this review, we discuss these advances and speculate on the possibility of targeting these events therapeutically for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G. Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luke A.J. O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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159
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Titz B, Szostak J, Sewer A, Phillips B, Nury C, Schneider T, Dijon S, Lavrynenko O, Elamin A, Guedj E, Tsin Wong E, Lebrun S, Vuillaume G, Kondylis A, Gubian S, Cano S, Leroy P, Keppler B, Ivanov NV, Vanscheeuwijck P, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Multi-omics systems toxicology study of mouse lung assessing the effects of aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products and cigarette smoke. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1056-1073. [PMID: 32419906 PMCID: PMC7218232 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics systems toxicology study, comprising five omics data modalities. Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Cigarettes smoke (CS) induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across molecular layers. Aerosols from two heat-not-burn tobacco products had less impact on lungs than CS.
Cigarette smoke (CS) causes adverse health effects and, for smoker who do not quit, modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) can be an alternative to reduce the risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Standard toxicological endpoints can lack sensitivity, with systems toxicology approaches yielding broader insights into toxicological mechanisms. In a 6-month systems toxicology study on ApoE−/− mice, we conducted an integrative multi-omics analysis to assess the effects of aerosols from the Carbon Heated Tobacco Product (CHTP) 1.2 and Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2—a potential and a candidate MRTP based on the heat-not-burn (HnB) principle—compared with CS at matched nicotine concentrations. Molecular exposure effects in the lungs were measured by mRNA/microRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. Integrative data analysis included Multi-Omics Factor Analysis and multi-modality functional network interpretation. Across all five data modalities, CS exposure was associated with an increased inflammatory and oxidative stress response, and lipid/surfactant alterations. Upon HnB aerosol exposure these effects were much more limited or absent, with reversal of CS-induced effects upon cessation and switching to CHTP 1.2. Functional network analysis revealed CS-induced complex immunoregulatory interactions across the investigated molecular layers (e.g., itaconate, quinolinate, and miR-146) and highlighted the engagement of the heme–Hmox–bilirubin oxidative stress axis by CS. This work exemplifies how multi-omics approaches can be leveraged within systems toxicology studies and the generated multi-omics data set can facilitate the development of analysis methods and can yield further insights into the effects of toxicological exposures on the lung of mice.
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Key Words
- CHTP, Carbon Heated Tobacco Product
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CS, cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoking
- Inhalation toxicology
- LC, liquid chromatography
- MOFA, Multi-Omics Factor Analysis
- MS, mass spectrometry
- Modified risk tobacco product (MRTP)
- Multi-omics
- PCSF, prize-collecting Steiner forest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Systems toxicology
- THS, Tobacco Heating System
- cMRTP, candidate modified risk tobacco product
- sGCCA, sparse generalized canonical correlation analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Szostak
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Alain Sewer
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Catherine Nury
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schneider
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dijon
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Lavrynenko
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf Elamin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ee Tsin Wong
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, Singapore
| | - Stefan Lebrun
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Vuillaume
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Gubian
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Cano
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Leroy
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Martin
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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160
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Tan B, Malu S, Roth KD. Development of ion pairing LC-MS/MS method for itaconate and cis-aconitate in cell extract and cell media. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1146:122120. [PMID: 32361631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of Immune Responsive Gene 1(IRG1) in macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) leads to production of itaconate by decarboxylation of cis-aconitate. The biology associated with IRG1 and itaconate is not fully understood. A rapid and sensitive method for measurement of itaconate will benefit the study of IRG1 biology. Multiple HPLC and derivatization methods were tested. An ion pairing LC-MS/MS method using tributylamine/formic acid as ion pairing agents and a HypercarbTM guard column we proposed demonstrated better peak shape and better sensitivity for itaconate. The current protocol allows baseline separation of itaconate, citraconate, and cis-aconitate without derivatization and direct analysis of analytes in 80% methanol/water solution to avoid the dry-down step. It provides the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 30 pg itaconate on column with a 4.5-minute run time. This method is validated for measurement of itaconate and cis-aconitate in RAW264.7 cell extract and cell media in a 96-well plate format. We applied this method to successfully measure the increase of itaconate and the decrease of cis-aconitate in RAW cell extract and cell media after LPS/IFN-γ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- Quantitative Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States.
| | - Shruti Malu
- Cancer Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
| | - Kenneth D Roth
- Quantitative Biology, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
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161
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Challenges in Analysis of Hydrophilic Metabolites Using Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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162
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Sun KA, Li Y, Meliton AY, Woods PS, Kimmig LM, Cetin-Atalay R, Hamanaka RB, Mutlu GM. Endogenous itaconate is not required for particulate matter-induced NRF2 expression or inflammatory response. eLife 2020; 9:54877. [PMID: 32255424 PMCID: PMC7185992 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution causes cardiopulmonary mortality via macrophage-driven lung inflammation; however, the mechanisms are incompletely understood. RNA-sequencing demonstrated Acod1 (Aconitate decarboxylase 1) as one of the top genes induced by PM in macrophages. Acod1 encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate, which has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects via NRF2 after LPS. Here, we demonstrate that PM induces Acod1 and itaconate, which reduced mitochondrial respiration via complex II inhibition. Using Acod1-/- mice, we found that Acod1/endogenous itaconate does not affect PM-induced inflammation or NRF2 activation in macrophages in vitro or in vivo. In contrast, exogenous cell permeable itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) attenuated PM-induced inflammation in macrophages. OI was sufficient to activate NRF2 in macrophages; however, NRF2 was not required for the anti-inflammatory effects of OI. We conclude that the effects of itaconate production on inflammation are stimulus-dependent, and that there are important differences between endogenous and exogenously-applied itaconate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Sun
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Research Bioinformatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Angelo Y Meliton
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Parker S Woods
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Lucas M Kimmig
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Rengül Cetin-Atalay
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Robert B Hamanaka
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Gökhan M Mutlu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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163
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Abstract
Experiments in culture systems where one cell type is provided with abundant nutrients and oxygen have been used to inform much of our understanding of cancer metabolism. However, many differences have been observed between the metabolism of tumors and the metabolism of cancer cells grown in monoculture. These differences reflect, at least in part, the presence of nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment and the interactions between those cells and cancer cells. However, less is known about how the metabolism of various tumor stromal cell types differs from that of cancer cells, and how this difference might inform therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways. Emerging data have identified both cooperative and competitive relationships between different cell types in a tumor, and this review examines how four abundant stromal cell types in the tumor microenvironment, fibroblasts, T cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, contribute to the metabolism of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N. Lau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;,
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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164
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Castegna A, Gissi R, Menga A, Montopoli M, Favia M, Viola A, Canton M. Pharmacological targets of metabolism in disease: Opportunities from macrophages. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107521. [PMID: 32151665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From advances in the knowledge of the immune system, it is emerging that the specialized functions displayed by macrophages during the course of an immune response are supported by specific and dynamically-connected metabolic programs. The study of immunometabolism is demonstrating that metabolic adaptations play a critical role in modulating inflammation and, conversely, inflammation deeply influences the acquisition of specific metabolic settings.This strict connection has been proven to be crucial for the execution of defined immune functional programs and it is now under investigation with respect to several human disorders, such as diabetes, sepsis, cancer, and autoimmunity. The abnormal remodelling of the metabolic pathways in macrophages is now emerging as both marker of disease and potential target of therapeutic intervention. By focusing on key pathological conditions, namely obesity and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cancer, we will review the metabolic targets suitable for therapeutic intervention in macrophages. In addition, we will discuss the major obstacles and challenges related to the development of therapeutic strategies for a pharmacological targeting of macrophage's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; IBIOM-CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Gissi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy.
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165
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Cordes T, Lucas A, Divakaruni AS, Murphy AN, Cabrales P, Metallo CM. Itaconate modulates tricarboxylic acid and redox metabolism to mitigate reperfusion injury. Mol Metab 2020; 32:122-135. [PMID: 32029222 PMCID: PMC6961711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) drives oxidative stress and injurious metabolic processes that lead to redox imbalance, inflammation, and tissue damage. However, the key mediators of reperfusion injury remain unclear, and therefore, there is considerable interest in therapeutically targeting metabolism and the cellular response to oxidative stress. METHODS The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular, metabolic, and physiological impact of itaconate treatment to mitigate reperfusion injuries in in vitro and in vivo model systems. We conducted metabolic flux and bioenergetic studies in response to exogenous itaconate treatment in cultures of primary rat cortical neurons and astrocytes. In addition, we administered itaconate to mouse models of cerebral reperfusion injury with ischemia or traumatic brain injury followed by hemorrhagic shock resuscitation. We quantitatively characterized the metabolite levels, neurological behavior, markers of redox stress, leukocyte adhesion, arterial blood flow, and arteriolar diameter in the brains of the treated/untreated mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that the "immunometabolite" itaconate slowed tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolism and buffered redox imbalance via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibition and induction of anti-oxidative stress response in primary cultures of astrocytes and neurons. The addition of itaconate to reperfusion fluids after mouse cerebral IR injury increased glutathione levels and reduced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) to improve neurological function. Plasma organic acids increased post-reperfusion injury, while administration of itaconate normalized these metabolites. In mouse cranial window models, itaconate significantly improved hemodynamics while reducing leukocyte adhesion. Further, itaconate supplementation increased survival in mice experiencing traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that itaconate transiently inhibits SDH to gradually "awaken" mitochondrial function upon reperfusion that minimizes ROS and tissue damage. Collectively, our data indicate that itaconate acts as a mitochondrial regulator that controls redox metabolism to improve physiological outcomes associated with IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Lucas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, 92093 La Jolla, CA, USA.
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166
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Sun Q, Fan TWM, Lane AN, Higashi RM. Applications of Chromatography-Ultra High-Resolution MS for Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) Reconstruction of Metabolic Networks. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 123:115676. [PMID: 32483395 PMCID: PMC7263348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a complex network of compartmentalized and coupled chemical reactions, which often involve transfers of substructures of biomolecules, thus requiring metabolite substructures to be tracked. Stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) enables pathways reconstruction, even among chemically identical metabolites, by tracking the provenance of stable isotope-labeled substructures using NMR and ultrahigh resolution (UHR) MS. The latter can resolve and count isotopic labels in metabolites and can identify isotopic enrichment in substructures when operated in tandem MS mode. However, MS2 is difficult to implement with chromatography-based UHR-MS due to lengthy MS1 acquisition time that is required to obtain the molecular isotopologue count, which is further exacerbated by the numerous isotopologue source ions to fragment. We review here recent developments in tandem MS applications of SIRM to obtain more detailed information about isotopologue distributions in metabolites and their substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Sun
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
| | - Teresa W-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
| | - Richard M. Higashi
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry (CESB), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40539, USA
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167
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Jones AE, Divakaruni AS. Macrophage activation as an archetype of mitochondrial repurposing. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100838. [PMID: 31954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are metabolic organelles essential not only for energy transduction, but also a range of other functions such as biosynthesis, ion and metal homeostasis, maintenance of redox balance, and cell signaling. A hallmark example of how mitochondria can rebalance these processes to adjust cell function is observed in macrophages. These innate immune cells are responsible for a remarkable breadth of processes including pathogen elimination, antigen presentation, debris clearance, and wound healing. These diverse, polarized functions often include similarly disparate alterations in the metabolic phenotype associated with their execution. In this chapter, mitochondrial bioenergetics and signaling are viewed through the lens of macrophage polarization: both classical, pro-inflammatory activation and alternative, anti-inflammatory activation are associated with substantive changes to mitochondrial metabolism. Emphasis is placed on recent evidence that aims to clarify the essential - rather than associative - mitochondrial alterations, as well as accumulating data suggesting a degree of plasticity within the metabolic phenotypes that can support pro- and anti-inflammatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Jones
- UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- UCLA Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, 650 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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168
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Abstract
We propose a new model for prochirality that satisfies all known examples: the prochiral plane. This plane contains the prochiral carbon and defines two separate faces for chemical modification. We extend this to enzyme catalysis, replacing the "three point attachment" hypothesis and its variants. Once a prochiral substrate is fixed on an enzyme surface, the asymmetry of the enzyme provides reactants exclusively on one side of the prochiral plane, producing an enantiomerically pure chiral product. The aconitase reaction is detailed as an example, using molecular modeling and its known enzymatic mechanism. We show that the prochiral substrate for this enzyme is not citrate, but rather cis-aconitate. The number of interaction points of cis-aconitate is not relevant to prochirality, but rather to substrate specificity. A second detailed example is the enzyme fumarase; here the substrate fumarate has only two binding sites, but is nonetheless fixed onto the enzyme and has a defined prochiral plane. We also provide a literature survey of more prochiral substrates, all of which have sp2 hybridized carbon and contain a prochiral plane. An example of a prochiral unnatural substrate for sphingosine kinase 2, fingolimod, has an sp3 hybridized prochiral carbon and also contains a prochiral plane. Finally, we provide an intuitive example of a prochiral physical object, a coffee cup, interacting with one hand and lip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Ochs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Tanaji T Talele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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169
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Zuo H, Wan Y. Metabolic Reprogramming in Mitochondria of Myeloid Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010005. [PMID: 31861356 PMCID: PMC7017304 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid lineage consists of multiple immune cell types, such as macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells. It actively participates in both innate and adaptive immunity. In response to pro- or anti-inflammatory signals, these cells undergo distinct programmed metabolic changes especially in mitochondria. Pro-inflammatory signals induce not only a simple shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, but also complicated metabolic alterations during the early and tolerant stages in myeloid cells. In mitochondria, a broken Krebs cycle leads to the accumulation of two metabolites, citrate and succinate, both of which trigger pro-inflammatory responses of myeloid cells. A deficient electron transport chain induces pro-inflammatory responses in the resting myeloid cells while it suppresses these responses in the polarized cells during inflammation. The metabolic reprogramming in mitochondria is also associated with altered mitochondrial morphology. On the other hand, intact oxidative phosphorylation is required for the anti-inflammatory functions of myeloid cells. Fatty acid synthesis is essential for the pro-inflammatory effect and glutamine metabolism in mitochondria exhibits the anti-inflammatory effect. A few aspects of metabolic reprogramming remain uncertain, for example, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation in anti-inflammation. Overall, metabolic reprogramming is an important element of immune responses in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-645-6062
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170
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Mossa AH, Shamout S, Cammisotto P, Campeau L. Urinary metabolomics predict the severity of overactive bladder syndrome in an aging female population. Int Urogynecol J 2019; 31:1023-1031. [PMID: 31813035 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-019-04175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS To identify urinary metabolites that can facilitate the diagnosis and the characterization of the underlying pathophysiology of the association between the overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) and metabolic syndrome. METHODS We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to compare the urinary metabolome of 20 females of 50-80 years of age with OAB to that of 20 controls of the same age group. We performed urinary metabolomic analysis and obtained serum markers of metabolic syndrome for each subject. Participants completed a clinical evaluation and validated self-reported questionnaires of lower urinary tract symptoms as well as a one-day voiding diary. RESULTS In the OAB subjects, we identified increased urinary levels of markers of mitochondrial dysfunction (itaconate, malate and fumarate), oxidative stress (L-pyroglutamate and α-hydroxyglutarate) and ketosis (α-hydroxybutyrate and α-hydroxyisobutyrate). The increased levels of these markers correlated significantly with the OAB symptoms score on questionnaires. We found, using a multiple linear regression model, that age, blood glucose and urine metabolites (malate, fumarate and α-hydroxyisobutyrate) were significant predictive factors of OAB severity. Fumarate had high sensitivity as a biomarker of OAB due to metabolic syndrome, based on a statistically significant receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve, indicating its potential as a diagnostic tool. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings establish that urinary metabolites of mitochondrial dysfunction, ketosis and oxidative stress can be potential biomarkers of OAB severity and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr H Mossa
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Samer Shamout
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Cammisotto
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Lysanne Campeau
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755, Chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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171
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Weiss JM. The promise and peril of targeting cell metabolism for cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:255-261. [PMID: 31781842 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge of cancer immunotherapy is the potential for undesirable effects on bystander cells and tumor-associated immune cells. Fundamentally, we need to understand what effect targeting tumor metabolism has upon the metabolism and phenotype of tumor-associated leukocytes, whose function can be critical for effective cancer therapeutic strategies. Undesirable effects of cancer therapeutics are a major reason for drug-associated toxicity, which confounds drug dosing and efficacy. As with any chemotherapeutic agent, drugs targeting tumor metabolism will exert potent effects on host stromal cells and tumor-associated leukocytes. Any drug targeting glycolysis, for example, could metabolically starve tumor-infiltrating T cells, inhibit their effector function and enable tumor progression. The targeting of oxidative phosphorylation in tumors will have complex effects on the polarization and function of tumor-associated macrophages. In short, we need to improve our understanding of tumor and immune cell metabolism and devise ways to specifically target tumors without compromising necessary host metabolism. Exploiting cell-specific metabolic pathways to directly target tumor cells may minimize detrimental effects on tumor-associated leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Weiss
- National Cancer Institute, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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172
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Liao ST, Han C, Xu DQ, Fu XW, Wang JS, Kong LY. 4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5091. [PMID: 31704924 PMCID: PMC6841710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, similar to the Warburg effect, presenting a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory disease. The endogenous metabolite itaconate has been reported to regulate macrophage function, but its precise mechanism is not clear. Here, we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI, a cell-permeable itaconate derivative) directly alkylates cysteine residue 22 on the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH and decreases its enzyme activity. Glycolytic flux analysis by U13C glucose tracing provides evidence that 4-OI blocks glycolytic flux at GAPDH. 4-OI thereby downregulates aerobic glycolysis in activated macrophages, which is required for its anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of 4-OI are replicated by heptelidic acid, 2-DG and reversed by increasing wild-type (but not C22A mutant) GAPDH expression. 4-OI protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lethality in vivo and inhibits cytokine release. These findings show that 4-OI has anti-inflammatory effects by targeting GAPDH to decrease aerobic glycolysis in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ting Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, 210014, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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173
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Metabolic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:822-834. [PMID: 31813459 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages act as scavengers, modulating the immune response against pathogens and maintaining tissue homeostasis. Metabolism governs macrophage differentiation, polarization, mobilization, and the ability to mount an effective antitumor response. However, in cancer, the tumor microenvironment (TME) can actively reprogram macrophage metabolism either by direct exchange of metabolites or through cytokines and other signaling mediators. Thus, metabolic reprogramming holds potential for modulating macrophages and developing new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage metabolism as it relates to macrophage function and plasticity in cancer.
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174
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Wierckx N, Agrimi G, Lübeck PS, Steiger MG, Mira NP, Punt PJ. Metabolic specialization in itaconic acid production: a tale of two fungi. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 62:153-159. [PMID: 31689647 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Some of the oldest and most established industrial biotechnology processes involve the fungal production of organic acids. In these fungi, the transport of metabolites between cellular compartments, and their secretion, is a major factor. In this review we exemplify the importance of both mitochondrial and plasma membrane transporters in the case of itaconic acid production in two very different fungal systems, Aspergillus and Ustilago. Homologous and heterologous overexpression of both types of transporters, and biochemical analysis of mitochondrial transporter function, show that these two fungi produce the same compound through very different pathways. The way these fungi respond to itaconate stress, especially at low pH, also differs, although this is still an open field which clearly needs additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Wierckx
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-1) and Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Peter Stephensen Lübeck
- Aalborg University, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, A.C. Meyers Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Matthias G Steiger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter J Punt
- Dutch DNA Biotech BV Padualaan 8, 3584CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
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175
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Zhang J, Shi Z, Xu X, Yu Z, Mi J. The influence of microenvironment on tumor immunotherapy. FEBS J 2019; 286:4160-4175. [PMID: 31365790 PMCID: PMC6899673 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has achieved remarkable efficacy, with immune-checkpoint inhibitors as especially promising candidates for cancer therapy. However, some issues caused by immunotherapy have raised attention, such as limited efficacy for some patients, narrow antineoplastic spectrum, and adverse reactions, suggesting that using regulators of tumor immune response may prove to be more complicated than anticipated. Current evidence indicates that different factors collectively constituting the unique tumor microenvironment promote immune tolerance, and these include the expression of co-inhibitory molecules, the secretion of lactate, and competition for nutrients between tumor cells and immune cells. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts, the main cellular components of solid tumors, promote immunosuppression through inhibition of T cell function and extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, we summarize the research advances in tumor immunotherapy and the latest insights into the influence of microenvironment on tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
- Research Center for Translational MedicineEast HospitalTongJi University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaopeng Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational MedicineEast HospitalTongJi University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineTongren HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineChina
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176
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Ramond E, Jamet A, Coureuil M, Charbit A. Pivotal Role of Mitochondria in Macrophage Response to Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2461. [PMID: 31708919 PMCID: PMC6819784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that act as metabolic hubs and signaling platforms within the cell. Numerous mitochondrial functions, including energy metabolism, lipid synthesis, and autophagy regulation, are intimately linked to mitochondrial dynamics, which is shaped by ongoing fusion and fission events. Recently, several intracellular bacterial pathogens have been shown to modulate mitochondrial functions to maintain their replicative niche. Through selected examples of human bacterial pathogens, we will discuss how infection induces mitochondrial changes in infected macrophages, triggering modifications of the host metabolism that lead to important immunological reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Ramond
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Team 7, Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
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177
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Alqarni AM, Dissanayake T, Nelson DJ, Parkinson JA, Dufton MJ, Ferro VA, Watson DG. Metabolomic Profiling of the Immune Stimulatory Effect of Eicosenoids on PMA-Differentiated THP-1 Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040142. [PMID: 31600945 PMCID: PMC6963534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee venom has been established to have significant effect in immunotherapy. In the present study, (Z)-11-eicosenol-a major constituent of bee venom, along with its derivations methyl cis-11-eicosenoate and cis-11-eicosenoic acid, were synthesised to investigate their immune stimulatory effect and possible use as vaccine adjuvants. Stimuli that prime and activate the immune system have exerted profound effects on immune cells, particularly macrophages; however, the effectiveness of bee venom constituents as immune stimulants has not yet been established. Here, the abilities of these compounds to act as pro-inflammatory stimuli were assessed, either alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), by examining the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 by THP-1 macrophages. The compounds clearly increased the levels of IL-1β and decreased IL-10, whereas a decrease in IL-6 levels suggested a complex mechanism of action. A more in-depth profile of macrophage behaviour was therefore obtained by comprehensive untargeted metabolic profiling of the cells using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to confirm the ability of the eicosanoids to trigger the immune system. The level of 358 polar and 315 non-polar metabolites were changed significantly (p < 0.05) by all treatments. The LPS-stimulated production of most of the inflammatory metabolite biomarkers in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, purine, pyrimidine and fatty acids metabolism were significantly enhanced by all three compounds, and particularly by methyl cis-11-eicosenoate and cis-11-eicosenoic acid. These findings support the proposed actions of (Z)-11-eicosenol, methyl cis-11-eicosenoate and cis-11-eicosenoic acid as immune system stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik M Alqarni
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (University of Dammam), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tharushi Dissanayake
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - John A Parkinson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Mark J Dufton
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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178
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Crystal structure of cis-aconitate decarboxylase reveals the impact of naturally occurring human mutations on itaconate synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20644-20654. [PMID: 31548418 PMCID: PMC6789909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908770116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
cis-Aconitate decarboxylase (CAD, also known as ACOD1 or Irg1) converts cis-aconitate to itaconate and plays central roles in linking innate immunity with metabolism and in the biotechnological production of itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus We have elucidated the crystal structures of human and murine CADs and compared their enzymological properties to CAD from A. terreus Recombinant CAD is fully active in vitro without a cofactor. Murine CAD has the highest catalytic activity, whereas Aspergillus CAD is best adapted to a more acidic pH. CAD is not homologous to any known decarboxylase and appears to have evolved from prokaryotic enzymes that bind negatively charged substrates. CADs are homodimers, the active center is located in the interface between 2 distinct subdomains, and structural modeling revealed conservation in zebrafish and Aspergillus We identified 8 active-site residues critical for CAD function and rare naturally occurring human mutations in the active site that abolished CAD activity, as well as a variant (Asn152Ser) that increased CAD activity and is common (allele frequency 20%) in African ethnicity. These results open the way for 1) assessing the potential impact of human CAD variants on disease risk at the population level, 2) developing therapeutic interventions to modify CAD activity, and 3) improving CAD efficiency for biotechnological production of itaconic acid.
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179
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Li K, Yuan M, He Z, Wu Q, Zhang C, Lei Z, Rong X, Huang Z, Turnbull JE, Guo J. Omics Insights into Metabolic Stress and Resilience of Rats in Response to Short‐term Fructose Overfeeding. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900773. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun‐Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhuo‐Ru He
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qi Wu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chu‐Mei Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhi‐Li Lei
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiang‐Lu Rong
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zebo Huang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre for Glycobiology, Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal SciencesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Medicine Guangzhou 510006 China
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180
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Hooftman A, O’Neill LA. The Immunomodulatory Potential of the Metabolite Itaconate. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:687-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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181
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Zhang J, Shi Z, Xu X, Yu Z, Mi J. The influence of microenvironment on tumor immunotherapy. THE FEBS JOURNAL 2019. [PMID: 31365790 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15028.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has achieved remarkable efficacy, with immune-checkpoint inhibitors as especially promising candidates for cancer therapy. However, some issues caused by immunotherapy have raised attention, such as limited efficacy for some patients, narrow antineoplastic spectrum, and adverse reactions, suggesting that using regulators of tumor immune response may prove to be more complicated than anticipated. Current evidence indicates that different factors collectively constituting the unique tumor microenvironment promote immune tolerance, and these include the expression of co-inhibitory molecules, the secretion of lactate, and competition for nutrients between tumor cells and immune cells. Furthermore, cancer-associated fibroblasts, the main cellular components of solid tumors, promote immunosuppression through inhibition of T cell function and extracellular matrix remodeling. Here, we summarize the research advances in tumor immunotherapy and the latest insights into the influence of microenvironment on tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaopeng Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.,Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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182
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S-glycosylation-based cysteine profiling reveals regulation of glycolysis by itaconate. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:983-991. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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183
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An essential bifunctional enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for itaconate dissimilation and leucine catabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15907-15913. [PMID: 31320588 PMCID: PMC6689899 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1906606116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the etiological agent of tuberculosis. One-fourth of the global population is estimated to be infected with Mtb, accounting for ∼1.3 million deaths in 2017. As part of the immune response to Mtb infection, macrophages produce metabolites with the purpose of inhibiting or killing the bacterial cell. Itaconate is an abundant host metabolite thought to be both an antimicrobial agent and a modulator of the host inflammatory response. However, the exact mode of action of itaconate remains unclear. Here, we show that Mtb has an itaconate dissimilation pathway and that the last enzyme in this pathway, Rv2498c, also participates in l-leucine catabolism. Our results from phylogenetic analysis, in vitro enzymatic assays, X-ray crystallography, and in vivo Mtb experiments, identified Mtb Rv2498c as a bifunctional β-hydroxyacyl-CoA lyase and that deletion of the rv2498c gene from the Mtb genome resulted in attenuation in a mouse infection model. Altogether, this report describes an itaconate resistance mechanism in Mtb and an l-leucine catabolic pathway that proceeds via an unprecedented (R)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) stereospecific route in nature.
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184
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Viola A, Munari F, Sánchez-Rodríguez R, Scolaro T, Castegna A. The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1462. [PMID: 31333642 PMCID: PMC6618143 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1022] [Impact Index Per Article: 204.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage functions depends on both heterogeneity and plasticity of these cells, which are highly specialized in sensing the microenvironment and modify their properties accordingly. Although it is clear that macrophage phenotypes are difficult to categorize and should be seen as plastic and adaptable, they can be simplified into two extremes: a pro-inflammatory (M1) and an anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving (M2) profile. Based on this definition, M1 macrophages are able to start and sustain inflammatory responses, secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, activating endothelial cells, and inducing the recruitment of other immune cells into the inflamed tissue; on the other hand, M2 macrophages promote the resolution of inflammation, phagocytose apoptotic cells, drive collagen deposition, coordinate tissue integrity, and release anti-inflammatory mediators. Dramatic switches in cell metabolism accompany these phenotypic and functional changes of macrophages. In particular, M1 macrophages rely mainly on glycolysis and present two breaks on the TCA cycle that result in accumulation of itaconate (a microbicide compound) and succinate. Excess of succinate leads to Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) stabilization that, in turn, activates the transcription of glycolytic genes, thus sustaining the glycolytic metabolism of M1 macrophages. On the contrary, M2 cells are more dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), their TCA cycle is intact and provides the substrates for the complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). Moreover, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages are characterized by specific pathways that regulate the metabolism of lipids and amino acids and affect their responses. All these metabolic adaptations are functional to support macrophage activities as well as to sustain their polarization in specific contexts. The aim of this review is to discuss recent findings linking macrophage functions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Munari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Scolaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, University of Padova, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.,IBIOM-CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy
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185
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Seim GL, Britt EC, John SV, Yeo FJ, Johnson AR, Eisenstein RS, Pagliarini DJ, Fan J. Two-stage metabolic remodelling in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ stimulation. Nat Metab 2019; 1:731-742. [PMID: 32259027 PMCID: PMC7108803 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to signals associated with infection or tissue damage, macrophages undergo a series of dynamic phenotypic changes. Here we show that during the response to LPS and interferon-γ stimulation, metabolic reprogramming in macrophages is also highly dynamic. Specifically, the TCA cycle undergoes a two-stage remodeling: the early stage is characterized by a transient accumulation of intermediates including succinate and itaconate, while the late stage is marked by the subsidence of these metabolites. The metabolic transition into the late stage is largely driven by the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDC), which is controlled by the dynamic changes in lipoylation state of both PDHC and OGDC E2 subunits and phosphorylation of PDHC E1 subunit. This dynamic metabolic reprogramming results in a transient metabolic state that strongly favors HIF-1α stabilization during the early stage, which subsides by the late stage; consistently, HIF-1α levels follow this trend. This study elucidates a dynamic and mechanistic picture of metabolic reprogramming in LPS and interferon-γ stimulated macrophages, and provides insights into how changing metabolism can regulate the functional transitions in macrophages over a course of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen L Seim
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emily C Britt
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Steven V John
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Richard S Eisenstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jing Fan
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI
- Correspondence to
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186
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Biochemical and Metabolic Implications of Tricarboxylic Acids and their Transporters. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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187
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Van Nguyen T, Alfaro AC. Targeted metabolomics to investigate antimicrobial activity of itaconic acid in marine molluscs. Metabolomics 2019; 15:97. [PMID: 31230148 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Itaconic acid (ITA) has recently been identified as an antimicrobial metabolite in mammalian immune cells. The presence of ITA was also reported in different tissues of marine molluscs, indicating its role as an endogenous metabolite of molluscs. In addition, the accumulation of ITA has been observed in different tissues of mussels following pathogen challenges. However, the concentration of ITA in mussel tissues and the possible role of this metabolite in the molluscan innate immune system remain unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aims to quantitatively measure ITA levels in different tissues of marine mussels following an experimental challenge with Vibrio sp. DO1 isolate, and to identify the antimicrobial role of ITA in the innate immune system through the measurement of metabolic and immune alterations in tissues following the challenge. METHODS In this study, adult Perna canaliculus mussels were experimentally challenged with a pathogenic Vibrio sp. DO1 isolate. The metabolite profiles of five different tissues, including mantle, gill, muscle, hepatopancreas and haemolymph were obtained, and levels of ITA in each tissue were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics approach. Flow cytometry was also employed to measure cell health parameters, including oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis via changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and haemocyte viability. RESULTS The ITA levels in mantle, gill, muscle and hepatopancreas tissues at 18-h post infection (hpi) with Vibrio sp. were 40.31, 41.71, 11.61 and 41.66 ng mg-1, respectively. In haemolymph, the level of ITA was significantly increased from 95.25 ng ml-1 at 6 hpi to 174.36 ng ml-1 at 18 hpi and 572.12 ng ml-1 at 60 hpi. In line with the accumulation of ITA, we observed increased levels of metabolites within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, anti-inflammatory metabolites and alterations of other metabolites associated with immune responses of the host. The flow cytometry analyses revealed increases in ROS production, apoptotic cells and decreases in cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We reported on the production of ITA in different tissues of P. canaliculus mussels challenged with a marine pathogen which confirmed ITA as an antimicrobial metabolite. The findings revealed insights into the biosynthesis of ITA and suggests its role in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities in the innate immune system. This study also provided insights into the innate immune system of bivalves and highlighted the potential use of ITA as a biomarker for shellfish health assessment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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188
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Teleky BE, Vodnar DC. Biomass-Derived Production of Itaconic Acid as a Building Block in Specialty Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1035. [PMID: 31212656 PMCID: PMC6630286 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass, the only source of renewable organic carbon on Earth, offers an efficient substrate for bio-based organic acid production as an alternative to the leading petrochemical industry based on non-renewable resources. Itaconic acid (IA) is one of the most important organic acids that can be obtained from lignocellulose biomass. IA, a 5-C dicarboxylic acid, is a promising platform chemical with extensive applications; therefore, it is included in the top 12 building block chemicals by the US Department of Energy. Biotechnologically, IA production can take place through fermentation with fungi like Aspergillus terreus and Ustilago maydis strains or with metabolically engineered bacteria like Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Bio-based IA represents a feasible substitute for petrochemically produced acrylic acid, paints, varnishes, biodegradable polymers, and other different organic compounds. IA and its derivatives, due to their trifunctional structure, support the synthesis of a wide range of innovative polymers through crosslinking, with applications in special hydrogels for water decontamination, targeted drug delivery (especially in cancer treatment), smart nanohydrogels in food applications, coatings, and elastomers. The present review summarizes the latest research regarding major IA production pathways, metabolic engineering procedures, and the synthesis and applications of novel polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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189
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1H-NMR Metabolomics Analysis of the Effects of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Masson Pine Pollen in RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091841. [PMID: 31086103 PMCID: PMC6539505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many polysaccharides have been shown to be bioactive, with the addition of sulfate often enhancing or altering this bioactivity. In previous studies, masson pine pollen polysaccharides, to include a sulfate derivative, have been shown to promote macrophage proliferation similarly to LPS. However, the exact metabolic mechanisms promoting this proliferation remain unclear. In this study, RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with a purified masson pine pollen polysaccharide (PPM60-D), a sulfate derivative (SPPM60-D), or LPS. Proliferation levels at a variety of concentrations were examined using MTT assay, with optimal concentration used when performing metabolomic analysis via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). This process resulted in the identification of thirty-five intracellular metabolites. Subsequent multivariate statistical analysis showed that both LPS and SPPM60-D promote RAW264.7 proliferation by promoting aerobic respiration processes and reducing processes associated with glycolysis. While some insight was gained regarding the mechanistic differences between SPPM60-D and LPS, the specific mechanisms governing the effect of SPPM60 on RAW264.7 cells will require further elucidation. These findings show that both LPS and SPPM60-D effectively promote RAW264.7 proliferation and may have beneficial uses in maintaining cellular vitality or inhibiting cancer.
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190
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De Santa F, Vitiello L, Torcinaro A, Ferraro E. The Role of Metabolic Remodeling in Macrophage Polarization and Its Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1553-1598. [PMID: 30070144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Macrophages are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Based on their activation, they might display classical/M1 or alternative/M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). M2 macrophages upregulate arginase-1 and reduce NO and ROS levels; they also release anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and polyamines, thus promoting angiogenesis and tissue healing. Moreover, M1 and M2 display key metabolic differences; M1 polarization is characterized by an enhancement in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with a decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), whereas M2 are characterized by an efficient OxPhos and reduced PPP. Recent Advances: The glutamine-related metabolism has been discovered as crucial for M2 polarization. Vice versa, flux discontinuities in the Krebs cycle are considered additional M1 features; they lead to increased levels of immunoresponsive gene 1 and itaconic acid, to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-downregulation and to succinate, citrate, and isocitrate over-expression. Critical Issues: A macrophage classification problem, particularly in vivo, originating from a gap in the knowledge of the several intermediate polarization statuses between the M1 and M2 extremes, characterizes this field. Moreover, the detailed features of metabolic reprogramming crucial for macrophage polarization are largely unknown; in particular, the role of β-oxidation is highly controversial. Future Directions: Manipulating the metabolism to redirect macrophage polarization might be useful in various pathologies, including an efficient skeletal muscle regeneration. Unraveling the complexity pertaining to metabolic signatures that are specific for the different macrophage subsets is crucial for identifying new compounds that are able to trigger macrophage polarization and that might be used for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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191
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Nguyen TV, Alfaro AC, Young T, Green S, Zarate E, Merien F. Itaconic acid inhibits growth of a pathogenic marine Vibrio strain: A metabolomics approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5937. [PMID: 30976014 PMCID: PMC6459830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial role of itaconic acid (ITA) has been recently discovered in mammalian cells. In our previous studies, we discovered that marine molluscs biosynthesise substantial quantities of ITA when exposed to marine pathogens, but its antimicrobial function to Vibrio bacteria is currently unknown. Thus, in this study, we used an untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) platform to identify metabolic changes of Vibrio sp. DO1 (V. corallyliticus/neptunius-like isolate) caused by ITA exposure. Vibrio sp. DO1 was cultured in Luria-Bertani broth supplemented with 3 mM sodium acetate and with different concentrations of ITA (0, 3 and 6 mM) for 24 h. The results showed that ITA completely inhibited Vibrio sp. growth at 6 mM and partially inhibited the bacterial growth at 3 mM. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between metabolite profiles of Vibrio sp. DO1 in the 3 mM ITA treatment and the control, which were different in 25 metabolites. Among the altered metabolites, the accumulation of glyoxylic acid and other metabolites in glyoxylate cycle (cis-aconitic acid, isocitric acid and fumaric acid) together with the increase of isocitrate lyase (ICL) activity in the 3 mM ITA treatment compared to the control suggest that ITA inhibited Vibrio sp. growth via disruption of central carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Saras Green
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erica Zarate
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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192
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Noe JT, Mitchell RA. Tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in the control of macrophage activation and effector phenotypes. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:359-367. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ru1218-496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T. Noe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
- J.G. Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Robert A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
- J.G. Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA
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193
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Karaffa L, Kubicek CP. Citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation: variations of the same story? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2889-2902. [PMID: 30758523 PMCID: PMC6447509 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger and itaconic acid production by Aspergillus terreus are two major examples of technical scale fungal fermentations based on metabolic overflow of primary metabolism. Both organic acids are formed by the same metabolic pathway, but whereas citric acid is the end product in A. niger, A. terreus performs two additional enzymatic steps leading to itaconic acid. Despite of this high similarity, the optimization of the production process and the mechanism and regulation of overflow of these two acids has mostly been investigated independently, thereby ignoring respective knowledge from the other. In this review, we will highlight where the similarities and the real differences of these two processes occur, which involves various aspects of medium composition, metabolic regulation and compartmentation, transcriptional regulation, and gene evolution. These comparative data may facilitate further investigations of citric acid and itaconic acid accumulation and may contribute to improvements in their industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Christian P Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental & Bioscience Engineering, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.,, 1100, Vienna, Austria
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194
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Kulkarni RA, Bak DW, Wei D, Bergholtz SE, Briney CA, Shrimp JH, Alpsoy A, Thorpe AL, Bavari AE, Crooks DR, Levy M, Florens L, Washburn MP, Frizzell N, Dykhuizen EC, Weerapana E, Linehan WM, Meier JL. A chemoproteomic portrait of the oncometabolite fumarate. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:391-400. [PMID: 30718813 PMCID: PMC6430658 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary cancer disorders often provide an important window into novel mechanisms supporting tumor growth. Understanding these mechanisms thus represents a vital goal. Toward this goal, here we report a chemoproteomic map of fumarate, a covalent oncometabolite whose accumulation marks the genetic cancer syndrome hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC). We applied a fumarate-competitive chemoproteomic probe in concert with LC-MS/MS to discover new cysteines sensitive to fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation in HLRCC cell models. Analysis of this dataset revealed an unexpected influence of local environment and pH on fumarate reactivity, and enabled the characterization of a novel FH-regulated cysteine residue that lies at a key protein-protein interface in the SWI-SNF tumor-suppressor complex. Our studies provide a powerful resource for understanding the covalent imprint of fumarate on the proteome and lay the foundation for future efforts to exploit this distinct aspect of oncometabolism for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhushikesh A Kulkarni
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Bak
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergholtz
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Chloe A Briney
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Aktan Alpsoy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail L Thorpe
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Arissa E Bavari
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Michaella Levy
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MI, USA
| | | | - Michael P Washburn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MI, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KA, USA
| | - Norma Frizzell
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Jordan L Meier
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MA, USA.
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195
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O’Neill LAJ, Artyomov MN. Itaconate: the poster child of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage function. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 19:273-281. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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196
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Itaconate: an emerging determinant of inflammation in activated macrophages. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 97:134-141. [PMID: 30428148 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in innate immunity as the first line of defense against pathogen infection. Upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages rapidly respond and subsequently undergo metabolic reprogramming to substantially produce cellular metabolites such as itaconate. As a derivate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, itaconate is derived from the decarboxylation of cis-aconitate mediated by immunoresponsive gene 1 in the mitochondrial matrix. It is well known that itaconate has a direct antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase. Strikingly, two recent studies published in Nature showed that itaconate markedly decreases the production of proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and ameliorates sepsis and psoriasis in animal models, revealing a novel biological action of itaconate beyond its regular roles in antimicrobial defense. The mechanism for this anti-inflammatory effect has been proposed to involve the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase, blockade of IκBζ translation and activation of Nrf2. These intriguing discoveries provide a new explanation for how macrophages are switched from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory state to limit the damage and facilitate tissue repair under proinflammatory conditions. Thus, the emerging effect of itaconate as a crucial determinant of macrophage inflammation has important implications in further understanding cellular immunometabolism and developing future therapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the roles of itaconate in controlling the inflammatory response during macrophage activation, providing a rationale for future investigation and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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197
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Abstract
Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune responses against infectious and sterile insults. Components of mitochondria, when released or exposed in response to dysfunction or damage, can be directly recognized by receptors of the innate immune system and trigger an immune response. In addition, despite initiation that may be independent from mitochondria, numerous innate immune responses are still subject to mitochondrial regulation as discrete steps of their signaling cascades occur on mitochondria or require mitochondrial components. Finally, mitochondrial metabolites and the metabolic state of the mitochondria within an innate immune cell modulate the precise immune response and shape the direction and character of that cell's response to stimuli. Together, these pathways result in a nuanced and very specific regulation of innate immune responses by mitochondria.
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Key Words
- ASC, Apoptosis Associated Speck like protein containing CARD
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- ATP, adenosine tri-phosphate
- CAPS, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes
- CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain
- CL, cardiolipin
- CLR, C-type lectin receptor
- CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
- Cgas, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- ESCIT, evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in the toll pathway
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FPR, formyl peptide receptor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- JNK, cJUN NH2-terminal kinase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine rich repeat
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MARCH5, membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein
- MFN1/2, mitofusin
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- NFκB, Nuclear factor κ B
- NLR, NOD like receptor
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAMP, pathogen associated molecular pattern
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-accelerated receptor
- PRRs, pathogen recognition receptors
- RIG-I, retinoic acid inducible gene I
- RLR, retinoic acid inducible gene like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING, stimulator of interferon gene
- TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1
- TANK, TRAF family member-associated NFκB activator
- TBK1, TANK Binding Kinase 1
- TCA, Tri-carboxylic acid
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TLR, Toll Like Receptor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β
- TUFM, Tu translation elongation factor.
- fMet, N-formylated methionine
- mROS, mitochondrial ROS
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- n-fp, n-formyl peptides
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198
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Banoth B, Cassel SL. Mitochondria in innate immune signaling. Transl Res 2018; 202:52-68. [PMID: 30165038 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.014.mitochondria] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune responses against infectious and sterile insults. Components of mitochondria, when released or exposed in response to dysfunction or damage, can be directly recognized by receptors of the innate immune system and trigger an immune response. In addition, despite initiation that may be independent from mitochondria, numerous innate immune responses are still subject to mitochondrial regulation as discrete steps of their signaling cascades occur on mitochondria or require mitochondrial components. Finally, mitochondrial metabolites and the metabolic state of the mitochondria within an innate immune cell modulate the precise immune response and shape the direction and character of that cell's response to stimuli. Together, these pathways result in a nuanced and very specific regulation of innate immune responses by mitochondria.
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Key Words
- ASC, Apoptosis Associated Speck like protein containing CARD
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- ATP, adenosine tri-phosphate
- CAPS, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes
- CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain
- CL, cardiolipin
- CLR, C-type lectin receptor
- CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
- Cgas, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- ESCIT, evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in the toll pathway
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FPR, formyl peptide receptor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- JNK, cJUN NH2-terminal kinase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine rich repeat
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MARCH5, membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein
- MFN1/2, mitofusin
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- NFκB, Nuclear factor κ B
- NLR, NOD like receptor
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAMP, pathogen associated molecular pattern
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-accelerated receptor
- PRRs, pathogen recognition receptors
- RIG-I, retinoic acid inducible gene I
- RLR, retinoic acid inducible gene like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING, stimulator of interferon gene
- TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1
- TANK, TRAF family member-associated NFκB activator
- TBK1, TANK Binding Kinase 1
- TCA, Tri-carboxylic acid
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TLR, Toll Like Receptor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β
- TUFM, Tu translation elongation factor.
- fMet, N-formylated methionine
- mROS, mitochondrial ROS
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- n-fp, n-formyl peptides
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Banoth
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Suzanne L Cassel
- Women's Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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199
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Puchalska P, Huang X, Martin SE, Han X, Patti GJ, Crawford PA. Isotope Tracing Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Macrophage Polarization-State-Specific Metabolic Coordination across Intracellular Compartments. iScience 2018; 9:298-313. [PMID: 30448730 PMCID: PMC6240706 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply stable isotope tracing, mass-spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, to reveal the biochemical space labeled by 13C-substrates in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. At the pathway level, classically (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-polarized, M1) and alternatively (interleukin [IL]-4-polarized, M2) polarized macrophages were 13C-labeled with surprising concordance. Total pools of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an intermediate in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, were equally abundant in LPS- and IL-4-polarized macrophages. Informatic scrutiny of 13C-isotopologues revealed that LPS-polarized macrophages leverage the pentose phosphate pathway to generate UDP-GlcNAc, whereas IL-4-polarized macrophages rely on intact glucose and mitochondrial metabolism of glucose carbon. Labeling from [13C]glucose is competed by unlabeled fatty acids and acetoacetate, underscoring the broad roles for substrate metabolism beyond energy conversion. Finally, the LPS-polarized macrophage metabolite itaconate is imported into IL-4-polarized macrophages, in which it reprograms [13C]glucose metabolism. Thus, use of fully unsupervised isotope tracing metabolomics in macrophages reveals polarization-state-specific metabolic pathway connectivity, substrate competition, and metabolite allocation among cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Puchalska
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shannon E Martin
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter A Crawford
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, MMC 194, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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200
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Abstract
The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely complex topic that has been approached from numerous different and multidisciplinary angles. Our Review reflects on five aspects critical for understanding how nature harnesses these noncanonical post-translational modifications to coordinate distinct cellular activities: (1) specific players and their generation, (2) physicochemical properties, (3) mechanisms of action, (4) methods of interrogation, and (5) functional roles in health and disease. Emphasis is primarily placed on the latest progress in the field, but several aspects of classical work likely forgotten/lost are also recollected. For researchers with interests in getting into the field, our Review is anticipated to function as a primer. For the expert, we aim to stimulate thought and discussion about fundamentals of redox signaling mechanisms and nuances of specificity/selectivity and timing in this sophisticated yet fascinating arena at the crossroads of chemistry and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Parvez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Marcus J. C. Long
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Yimon Aye
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,
Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New
York, New York, 10065, USA
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