151
|
Metri V, Ghatak S, Raha S, Sikdar S. Patch clamp data driven stochastic modeling and simulation of hTREK1 potassium ion channel gating. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
152
|
Díaz-García CM, Yellen G. Neurons rely on glucose rather than astrocytic lactate during stimulation. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:883-889. [PMID: 30575090 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain metabolism increases during stimulation, but this increase does not affect all energy metabolism equally. Briefly after stimulation, there is a local increase in cerebral blood flow and in glucose uptake, but a smaller increase in oxygen uptake. This indicates that temporarily the rate of glycolysis is faster than the rate of oxidative metabolism, with a corresponding temporary increase in lactate production. This minireview discusses the long-standing controversy about which cell type, neurons or astrocytes, are involved in this increased aerobic glycolysis. Recent biosensor studies measuring metabolic changes in neurons, in acute brain slices or in vivo, are placed in the context of other data bearing on this question. The most direct measurements indicate that, although both neurons and astrocytes may increase glycolysis after stimulation, neurons do not rely on import of astrocytic-produced lactate, and instead they increase their own glycolytic rate and become net exporters of lactate. This temporary increase in neuronal glycolysis may provide rapid energy to meet the acute energy demands of neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Yellen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Rehni AK, Dave KR. Impact of Hypoglycemia on Brain Metabolism During Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9075-9088. [PMID: 29637442 PMCID: PMC6179939 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease afflicting millions of people worldwide. A substantial fraction of world's total healthcare expenditure is spent on treating diabetes. Hypoglycemia is a serious consequence of anti-diabetic drug therapy, because it induces metabolic alterations in the brain. Metabolic alterations are one of the central mechanisms mediating hypoglycemia-related functional changes in the brain. Acute, chronic, and/or recurrent hypoglycemia modulate multiple metabolic pathways, and exposure to hypoglycemia increases consumption of alternate respiratory substrates such as ketone bodies, glycogen, and monocarboxylates in the brain. The aim of this review is to discuss hypoglycemia-induced metabolic alterations in the brain in glucose counterregulation, uptake, utilization and metabolism, cellular respiration, amino acid and lipid metabolism, and the significance of other sources of energy. The present review summarizes information on hypoglycemia-induced metabolic changes in the brain of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and the manner in which they may affect brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Ave, NRB/203E, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1420 NW 9th Ave, NRB/203E, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Solis-Medina A, Martínez-Magaña JJ, Quintanar-Jurado V, Gallegos-Silva I, Juárez-Rojop IE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Hernández-Díaz Y, González-Castro TB, López-Narváez ML, Genis-Mendoza AD, Nicolini H. Astrogliosis and decreased neural viability as consequences of early consumption of aspartame and acesulfame potassium in male Wistar rats. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:2031-2038. [PMID: 30264280 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners are mainly used as substitutes for sucrose derivates. In this study, we analyzed if the chronic consumption of aspartame or acesulfame potassium at an early age, produces histological alterations, astrogliosis and decreased neuronal viability, in hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus of male Wistar rats. A histological analysis was performed on male Wistar rats that consumed aspartame or acesulfame potassium during 90 days, initiating the consumption of sweeteners immediately after weaning. The evaluation of neuronal morphology in different areas of the brain was performed with hematoxylin - eosin staining. To measure astrogliosis and neuronal viability, we used the immunohistochemical technique, with the glial fibrillary acidic protein immunomodulators (GFAP) and with neuronal-specific enolase (NSE). The consumption of aspartame or acesulfame potassium promoted morphological changes of neurons including increased pyknotic nuclei and vacuolization in all the brain areas studied. In hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala and hypothalamus, astrogliosis and reduction of neural viability were observed in sweeteners consumers in comparison with the control group. Chronic consumption of ASP and ACK from early stages of development and during long periods, may promote neural modifications, astrogliosis and decrease neuronal viability in prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anayelly Solis-Medina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Jaime Martínez-Magaña
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Valeria Quintanar-Jurado
- Laboratorio de Histología y Microscopía LHiM, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ileana Gallegos-Silva
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Isela E Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Juan C Díaz-Zagoya
- División de Investigación, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Secretaría de Salud, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Secretaría de Salud, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Takado Y, Cheng T, Bastiaansen JAM, Yoshihara HAI, Lanz B, Mishkovsky M, Lengacher S, Comment A. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Reveals the Rate-Limiting Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Cerebral Uptake and Metabolism of l-Lactate in Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2554-2562. [PMID: 29771492 PMCID: PMC6119468 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of l-lactate transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its cerebral metabolism are still subject to debate. We studied lactate uptake and intracellular metabolism in the mouse brain using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Following the intravenous injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate, we observed that the distribution of the 13C label between lactate and pyruvate, which has been shown to be representative of their pool size ratio, is different in NMRI and C57BL/6 mice, the latter exhibiting a higher level of cerebral lactate dehydrogenase A ( Ldha) expression. On the basis of this observation, and an additional set of experiments showing that the cerebral conversion of [1-13C]lactate to [1-13C]pyruvate increases after exposing the brain to ultrasound irradiation that reversibly opens the BBB, we concluded that lactate transport is rate-limited by the BBB, with a 30% increase in lactate uptake after its disruption. It was also deduced from these results that hyperpolarized 13C MRS can be used to detect a variation in cerebral lactate uptake of <40 nmol in a healthy brain during an in vivo experiment lasting only 75 s, opening new opportunities to study the role of lactate in brain metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Takado
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tian Cheng
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hikari A. I. Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Lanz
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Center, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Mor Mishkovsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lengacher
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Institute of Physics of Biological Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Abstract
This review intends to summarize recent development on the potential nutrition implications of acute inflammation encountered during critical illness. Different aspects of the inflammatory response and their impact on nutrition management during critical illness will be discussed: the timing of the postinjury metabolic response, the integration of regulatory mechanisms involved in the metabolic response to stress, the oxidative stress, the metabolic and clinical consequences in terms of energy expenditure, use of energy, changes in body composition, and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lheureux
- Department of Intensive Care, CUB-Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Charles Preiser
- Department of Intensive Care, CUB-Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Dodwell G, Müller HJ, Töllner T. Electroencephalographic evidence for improved visual working memory performance during standing and exercise. Br J Psychol 2018; 110:400-427. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Dodwell
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Hermann J. Müller
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- School of Psychological Sciences Birkbeck College University of London UK
| | - Thomas Töllner
- Department of Experimental Psychology Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| |
Collapse
|
158
|
Törpel A, Herold F, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Strengthening the Brain-Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement? J Clin Med 2018; 7:E337. [PMID: 30304785 PMCID: PMC6210989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decrease in physical capabilities (e.g., strength loss) and cognitive decline. The observed bidirectional relationship between physical activity and brain health suggests that physical activities could be beneficial to maintain and improve brain functioning (e.g., cognitive performance). However, the exercise type (e.g., resistance training, endurance training) and their exercise variables (e.g., load, duration, frequency) for an effective physical activity that optimally enhance cognitive performance are still unknown. There is growing evidence that resistance training induces substantial brain changes which contribute to improved cognitive functions. A relative new method in the field of resistance training is blood flow restriction training (BFR). While resistance training with BFR is widely studied in the context of muscular performance, this training strategy also induces an activation of signaling pathways associated with neuroplasticity and cognitive functions. Based on this, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that resistance training with BFR is a promising new strategy to boost the effectiveness of resistance training interventions regarding cognitive performance. To support our hypothesis, we provide rationales of possible adaptation processes induced by resistance training with BFR. Furthermore, we outline recommendations for future studies planning to investigate the effects of resistance training with BFR on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Impaired Cerebral Metabolism in Injured Brain. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:1705-1706. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
160
|
Honkala SM, Johansson J, Motiani KK, Eskelinen JJ, Virtanen KA, Löyttyniemi E, Knuuti J, Nuutila P, Kalliokoski KK, Hannukainen JC. Short-term interval training alters brain glucose metabolism in subjects with insulin resistance. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1828-1838. [PMID: 28959911 PMCID: PMC6168908 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17734998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) is increased in obese and insulin resistant subjects but normalizes after weight loss along with improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to study whether short-term exercise training (moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) or sprint interval training (SIT)) alters substrates for brain energy metabolism in insulin resistance. Sedentary subjects ( n = 21, BMI 23.7-34.3 kg/m2, age 43-55 y) with insulin resistance were randomized into MICT ( n = 11, intensity≥60% of VO2peak) or SIT ( n = 10, all-out) groups for a two-week training intervention. Brain GU during insulin stimulation and fasting brain free fatty acid uptake (FAU) was measured using PET. At baseline, brain GU was positively associated with the fasting insulin level and negatively with the whole-body insulin sensitivity. The whole-body insulin sensitivity improved with both training modes (20%, p = 0.007), while only SIT led to an increase in aerobic capacity (5%, p = 0.03). SIT also reduced insulin-stimulated brain GU both in global cortical grey matter uptake (12%, p = 0.03) and in specific regions ( p < 0.05, all areas except the occipital cortex), whereas no changes were observed after MICT. Brain FAU remained unchanged after the training in both groups. These findings show that short-term SIT effectively decreases insulin-stimulated brain GU in sedentary subjects with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- 3 Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,4 Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- 1 Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,4 Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
161
|
Benveniste H, Dienel G, Jacob Z, Lee H, Makaryus R, Gjedde A, Hyder F, Rothman DL. Trajectories of Brain Lactate and Re-visited Oxygen-Glucose Index Calculations Do Not Support Elevated Non-oxidative Metabolism of Glucose Across Childhood. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:631. [PMID: 30254563 PMCID: PMC6141825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain growth across childhood is a dynamic process associated with specific energy requirements. A disproportionately higher rate of glucose utilization (CMRglucose) compared with oxygen consumption (CMRO2) was documented in children's brain and suggestive of non-oxidative metabolism of glucose. Several candidate metabolic pathways may explain the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch, and lactate production is considered a major contender. The ~33% excess CMRglucose equals 0.18 μmol glucose/g/min and predicts lactate release of 0.36 μmol/g/min. To validate such scenario, we measured the brain lactate concentration ([Lac]) in 65 children to determine if indeed lactate accumulates and is high enough to (1) account for the glucose consumed in excess of oxygen and (2) support a high rate of lactate efflux from the young brain. Across childhood, brain [Lac] was lower than predicted, and below the range for adult brain. In addition, we re-calculated the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch itself by using updated lumped constant values. The calculated cerebral metabolic rate of lactate indicated a net influx of 0.04 μmol/g/min, or in terms of CMRglucose, of 0.02 μmol glucose/g/min. Accumulation of [Lac] and calculated efflux of lactate from brain are not consistent with the increase in non-oxidative metabolism of glucose. In addition, the value for the lumped constant for [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose has a high impact on calculated CMRglucose and use of updated values alters or eliminates the CMRglucose-CMRO2 mismatch in developing brain. We conclude that the presently-accepted notion of non-oxidative metabolism of glucose during childhood must be revisited and deserves further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Zvi Jacob
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hedok Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rany Makaryus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Translational Neurobiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
Delezie J, Handschin C. Endocrine Crosstalk Between Skeletal Muscle and the Brain. Front Neurol 2018; 9:698. [PMID: 30197620 PMCID: PMC6117390 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential regulator of energy homeostasis and a potent coordinator of exercise-induced adaptations in other organs including the liver, fat or the brain. Skeletal muscle-initiated crosstalk with other tissues is accomplished though the secretion of myokines, protein hormones which can exert autocrine, paracrine and long-distance endocrine effects. In addition, the enhanced release or uptake of metabolites from and into contracting muscle cells, respectively, likewise can act as a powerful mediator of tissue interactions, in particular in regard to the central nervous system. The present review will discuss the current stage of knowledge regarding how exercise and the muscle secretome improve a broad range of brain functions related to vascularization, neuroplasticity, memory, sleep and mood. Even though the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the communication between muscle and brain is still poorly understood, physical activity represents one of the most effective strategies to reduce the prevalence and incidence of depression, cognitive, metabolic or degenerative neuronal disorders, and thus warrants further study.
Collapse
|
163
|
Rosenstein PG, Tennent-Brown BS, Hughes D. Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 1: Physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2018. [PMID: 29533512 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current literature with respect to the physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement of lactate. DATA SOURCES Data were sourced from veterinary and human clinical trials, retrospective studies, experimental studies, and review articles. Articles were retrieved without date restrictions and were sourced primarily via PubMed, Scopus, and CAB Abstracts as well as by manual selection. HUMAN AND VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS Lactate is an important energy storage molecule, the production of which preserves cellular energy production and mitigates the acidosis from ATP hydrolysis. Although the most common cause of hyperlactatemia is inadequate tissue oxygen delivery, hyperlactatemia can, and does occur in the face of apparently adequate oxygen supply. At a cellular level, the pathogenesis of hyperlactatemia varies widely depending on the underlying cause. Microcirculatory dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epinephrine-mediated stimulation of Na+ -K+ -ATPase pumps are likely important contributors to hyperlactatemia in critically ill patients. Ultimately, hyperlactatemia is a marker of altered cellular bioenergetics. CONCLUSION The etiology of hyperlactatemia is complex and multifactorial. Understanding the relevant pathophysiology is helpful when characterizing hyperlactatemia in clinical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Rosenstein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett S Tennent-Brown
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dez Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
164
|
Sure VN, Sakamuri SSVP, Sperling JA, Evans WR, Merdzo I, Mostany R, Murfee WL, Busija DW, Katakam PVG. A novel high-throughput assay for respiration in isolated brain microvessels reveals impaired mitochondrial function in the aged mice. GeroScience 2018; 40:365-375. [PMID: 30074132 PMCID: PMC6136296 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is uniquely regulated by the anatomical design of the cerebral vasculature as well as through neurovascular coupling. The process of directing the CBF to meet the energy demands of neuronal activity is referred to as neurovascular coupling. Microvasculature in the brain constitutes the critical component of the neurovascular coupling. Mitochondria provide the majority of ATP to meet the high-energy demand of the brain. Impairment of mitochondrial function plays a central role in several age-related diseases such as hypertension, ischemic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson disease. Interestingly, microvessels and small arteries of the brain have been the focus of the studies implicating the vascular mechanisms in several age-related neurological diseases. However, the role of microvascular mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases remains unexplored. To date, high-throughput assay for measuring mitochondrial respiration in microvessels is lacking. The current study presents a novel method to measure mitochondrial respiratory parameters in freshly isolated microvessels from mouse brain ex vivo using Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. We validated the method by demonstrating impairments of mitochondrial respiration in cerebral microvessels isolated from old mice compared to the young mice. Thus, application of mitochondrial respiration studies in microvessels will help identify novel vascular mechanisms underlying a variety of age-related neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata N Sure
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Siva S V P Sakamuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jared A Sperling
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wesley R Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ivan Merdzo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mostar School of Medicine, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ricardo Mostany
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Walter L Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue; Room 3554C, 8683, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Phillips C, Fahimi A. Immune and Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Activity on the Brain in Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:498. [PMID: 30093853 PMCID: PMC6070639 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity-a lifestyle factor that is associated with immune function, neuroprotection, and energy metabolism-modulates the cellular and molecular processes in the brain that are vital for emotional and cognitive health, collective mechanisms that can go awry in depression. Physical activity optimizes the stress response, neurotransmitter level and function (e.g., serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic), myokine production (e.g., interleukin-6), transcription factor levels and correlates [e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor C coactivator-1α [PGC-1α], mitochondrial density, nitric oxide pathway activity, Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen specie production, and AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] activity], kynurenine metabolites, glucose regulation, astrocytic health, and growth factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Dysregulation of these interrelated processes can effectuate depression, a chronic mental illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although the biogenic amine model has provided some clinical utility in understanding chronic depression, a need remains to better understand the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to immune dysfunction and the means by which various therapeutics mitigate them. Fortunately, convergent evidence suggests that physical activity improves emotional and cognitive function in persons with depression, particularly in those with comorbid inflammation. Accordingly, the aims of this review are to (1) underscore the link between inflammatory correlates and depression, (2) explicate immuno-neuroendocrine foundations, (3) elucidate evidence of neurotransmitter and cytokine crosstalk in depressive pathobiology, (4) determine the immunomodulatory effects of physical activity in depression, (5) examine protocols used to effectuate the positive effects of physical activity in depression, and (6) highlight implications for clinicians and scientists. It is our contention that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to the pathobiology of depression will translate to novel and more effective treatments, particularly by identifying relevant patient populations that can benefit from immune-based therapies within the context of personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristy Phillips
- Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
- Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
166
|
One-pot enzymatic synthesis of l-[3- 11C]lactate for pharmacokinetic analysis of lactate metabolism in rat brain. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 64-65:28-33. [PMID: 30015093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lactate could serve as an energy source and signaling molecule in the brain, although there is insufficient in vivo evidence to support this possibility. Here we aimed to use a one-pot enzymatic synthetic procedure to synthesize l-[3-11C]lactate that can be used to evaluate chemical forms in the blood after intravenous administration, and as a probe for pharmacokinetic analysis of lactate metabolism in in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) scans with normal and fasted rats. METHODS Racemic [3-11C]alanine obtained from 11C-methylation of a precursor and deprotection was reacted with an enzyme mixture consisting of alanine racemase, d-amino acid oxidase, catalase, and lactate dehydrogenase to yield l-[3-11C]lactate via [3-11C]pyruvate. The optical purity was measured by HPLC. Radioactive chemical forms in the arterial blood of Sprague Dawley rats with or without insulin pretreatment were evaluated by HPLC 10 min after bolus intravenous injection of l-[3-11C]lactate. PET scans were performed on normal and fasted rats administered with l-[3-11C]lactate. RESULTS l-[3-11C]Lactate was synthesized within 50 min and had decay corrected radiochemical yield, radiochemical purity, and optical purity of 13.4%, >95%, and >99%, respectively. The blood radioactivity peaked immediately after l-[3-11C]lactate injection, rapidly decreased to the minimum value within 90 s, and slowly cleared thereafter. HPLC analysis of blood samples revealed the presence of [11C]glucose (78.9%) and l-[3-11C]lactate (12.1%) 10 min after administration of l-[3-11C]lactate. Insulin pretreatment partly inhibited glyconeogenesis conversion leading to 55.4% as [11C]glucose and 38.9% as l-[3-11C]lactate simultaneously. PET analysis showed a higher SUV in the brain tissue of fasted rats relative to non-fasted rats. CONCLUSIONS We successfully synthesized l-[3-11C]lactate in a one-pot enzymatic synthetic procedure and showed rapid metabolic conversion of l-[3-11C]lactate to [11C]glucose in the blood. PET analysis of l-[3-11C]lactate indicated the possible presence of active lactate usage in rat brains in vivo.
Collapse
|
167
|
Liu CY, Yang Y, Ju WN, Wang X, Zhang HL. Emerging Roles of Astrocytes in Neuro-Vascular Unit and the Tripartite Synapse With Emphasis on Reactive Gliosis in the Context of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:193. [PMID: 30042661 PMCID: PMC6048287 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, which are five-fold more numerous than neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), are traditionally viewed to provide simple structural and nutritional supports for neurons and to participate in the composition of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In recent years, the active roles of astrocytes in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and in maintaining the homeostasis of the tripartite synapse have attracted increasing attention. More importantly, astrocytes have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major cause of dementia in the elderly. Although microglia-induced inflammation is considered important in the development and progression of AD, inflammation attributable to astrogliosis may also play crucial roles. A1 reactive astrocytes induced by inflammatory stimuli might be harmful by up-regulating several classical complement cascade genes thereby leading to chronic inflammation, while A2 induced by ischemia might be protective by up-regulating several neurotrophic factors. Here we provide a concise review of the emerging roles of astrocytes in the homeostasis maintenance of the neuro-vascular unit (NVU) and the tripartite synapse with emphasis on reactive astrogliosis in the context of AD, so as to pave the way for further research in this area, and to search for potential therapeutic targets of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Na Ju
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Life Sciences, The National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
Fernandes RM, Correa MG, Dos Santos MAR, Almeida APCPSC, Fagundes NCF, Maia LC, Lima RR. The Effects of Moderate Physical Exercise on Adult Cognition: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:667. [PMID: 29937732 PMCID: PMC6002532 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical exercise is a systematic sequence of movements executed with a predefined purpose. This muscular activity impacts not only on circulatory adaptations, but also neuronal integration with the potential to influence cognition. The aim of this review was to determine whether the literature supports the idea that physical exercise promotes cognitive benefits in healthy adults. Methods: A systematic search for relevant articles was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria using available databases (PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, OpenGrey, Google Scholar and CENTRAL). The search terms included “humans” or “adults” or “cognition” or “awareness” or “cognitive dissonance” or “cognitive reserve” or “comprehension” or “consciousness” and “motor activity” or “exercise” or “physical fitness,” and not “aged” or “nervous system diseases,” with the purpose of finding associations between moderate physical exercise and cognition. A methodological quality and risk of bias unit assessed the eligibility of articles. Results: A total of 7179 articles were identified. Following review and quality assessment, three articles were identified to fulfill the inclusion criteria. An association between moderate physical exercise and cognition was observed. Improvements in cognitive parameters such as reduced simple reaction time, improved response precision and working memory were identified among the included articles. Conclusion: This systematic review found that moderate physical exercise improves cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Fernandes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcio G Correa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcio A R Dos Santos
- Nucleus of Transdisciplinary Studies in Basic Education, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Anna P C P S C Almeida
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nathália C F Fagundes
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Lucianne C Maia
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
169
|
Self-selected music-induced reduction of perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise does not interfere with post-exercise improvements in inhibitory control. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:170-176. [PMID: 29807054 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control (IC). This improvement is often associated with increases in perceived exertion during exercise. However, listening to music during aerobic exercise mitigates an exercise-induced increase in perceived exertion. Thus, it is hypothesized that such effects of music may interfere with exercise-induced improvements in IC. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of music on post-exercise IC improvements that were induced by moderate-intensity exercise. Fifteen healthy young men performed cycle ergometer exercise with music or non-music. The exercise was performed using a moderate-intensity of 60% of VO2 peak for 30 min. The music condition was performed while listening to self-selected music. The non-music condition involved no music. To evaluate IC, the Stroop task was administered before exercise, immediately after exercise, and during the 30-min post-exercise recovery period. The rate of perceived exertion immediately before moderate-intensity exercise completed was significantly lower in music condition than in non-music condition. The IC significantly improved immediately after exercise and during the post-exercise recovery period compared to before exercise in both music and non-music conditions. The post-exercise IC improvements did not significantly differ between the two conditions. These findings indicate that self-selected music-induced mitigation of the increase in perceived exertion during moderate-intensity exercise dose not interfere with exercise-induced improvements in IC. Therefore, we suggest that listening to music may be a beneficial strategy in mitigating the increase in perceived exertion during aerobic exercise without decreasing the positive effects on IC.
Collapse
|
170
|
Metabolic regulation of synaptic activity. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:825-835. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Brain tissue is bioenergetically expensive. In humans, it composes approximately 2% of body weight and accounts for approximately 20% of calorie consumption. The brain consumes energy mostly for ion and neurotransmitter transport, a process that occurs primarily in synapses. Therefore, synapses are expensive for any living creature who has brain. In many brain diseases, synapses are damaged earlier than neurons start dying. Synapses may be considered as vulnerable sites on a neuron. Ischemic stroke, an acute disturbance of blood flow in the brain, is an example of a metabolic disease that affects synapses. The associated excessive glutamate release, called excitotoxicity, is involved in neuronal death in brain ischemia. Another example of a metabolic disease is hypoglycemia, a complication of diabetes mellitus, which leads to neuronal death and brain dysfunction. However, synapse function can be corrected with “bioenergetic medicine”. In this review, a ketogenic diet is discussed as a curative option. In support of a ketogenic diet, whereby carbohydrates are replaced for fats in daily meals, epileptic seizures can be terminated. In this review, we discuss possible metabolic sensors in synapses. These may include molecules that perceive changes in composition of extracellular space, for instance, ketone body and lactate receptors, or molecules reacting to changes in cytosol, for instance, KATP channels or AMP kinase. Inhibition of endocytosis is believed to be a universal synaptic mechanism of adaptation to metabolic changes.
Collapse
|
171
|
Wu TW, Tamrazi B, Hsu KH, Ho E, Reitman AJ, Borzage M, Blüml S, Wisnowski JL. Cerebral Lactate Concentration in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: In Relation to Time, Characteristic of Injury, and Serum Lactate Concentration. Front Neurol 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 29867713 PMCID: PMC5958276 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral lactate concentration can remain detectable in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after hemodynamic stability. The temporal resolution of regional cerebral lactate concentration in relation to the severity or area of injury is unclear. Furthermore, the interplay between serum and cerebral lactate in neonatal HIE has not been well defined. The study aims to describe cerebral lactate concentration in neonatal HIE in relation to time, injury, and serum lactate. Design/methods Fifty-two newborns with HIE undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH) were enrolled. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI + MR spectroscopy) were performed during and after TH at 54.6 ± 15.0 and 156 ± 57.6 h of life, respectively. Severity and predominant pattern of injury was scored radiographically. Single-voxel 1H MR spectra were acquired using short-echo (35 ms) PRESS sequence localized to the basal ganglia (BG), thalamus (Thal), gray matter (GM), and white matter. Cerebral lactate concentration was quantified by LCModel software. Serum and cerebral lactate concentrations were plotted based on age at time of measurement. Multiple comparisons of regional cerebral lactate concentration based on severity and predominant pattern of injury were performed. Spearman's Rho was computed to determine correlation between serum lactate and cerebral lactate concentration at the respective regions of interest. Results Overall, serum lactate concentration decreased over time. Cerebral lactate concentration remained low for less severe injury and decreased over time for more severe injury. Cerebral lactate remained detectable even after TH. During TH, there was a significant higher concentration of cerebral lactate at the areas of injury and also when injury was more severe. However, these differences were no longer observed after TH. There was a weak correlation between serum lactate and cerebral lactate concentration at the BG (rs = 0.3, p = 0.04) and Thal (rs = 0.35, p = 0.02). However, in infants with moderate-severe brain injury, a very strong correlation exists between serum lactate and cerebral lactate concentration at the BG (rs = 0.7, p = 0.03), Thal (rs = 0.9 p = 0.001), and GM (rs = 0.6, p = 0.04) regions. Conclusion Cerebral lactate is most significantly different between regions and severity of injury during TH. There is a moderate correlation between serum and cerebral lactate concentration measured in the deep gray nuclei during TH. Differences in injury and altered regional cerebral metabolism may account for these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Wei Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benita Tamrazi
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eugenia Ho
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aaron J Reitman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, LAC + USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew Borzage
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Blüml
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Wisnowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Fetal and Neonatal Institute, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Rudi Schulte Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
NMR metabolomic study of blood plasma in ischemic and ischemically preconditioned rats: an increased level of ketone bodies and decreased content of glycolytic products 24 h after global cerebral ischemia. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:417-429. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
173
|
Brooks S, Branyan KW, DeVallance E, Skinner R, Lemaster K, Sheets JW, Pitzer CR, Asano S, Bryner RW, Olfert IM, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD. Psychological stress-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction: the role of metabolic syndrome and exercise. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:761-776. [PMID: 29436736 PMCID: PMC5927836 DOI: 10.1113/ep086892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does chronic stress impact cerebrovascular function and does metabolic syndrome accelerate the cerebrovascular adaptations to stress? What role does exercise training have in preventing cerebrovascular changes to stress and metabolic syndrome? What is the main finding and its importance? Stressful conditions lead to pathological adaptations of the cerebrovasculature via an oxidative nitric oxide pathway, and the presence of metabolic syndrome produces a greater susceptibility to stress-induced cerebrovascular dysfunction. The results also provide insight into the mechanisms that may contribute to the influence of stress and the role of exercise in preventing the negative actions of stress on cerebrovascular function and structure. ABSTRACT Chronic unresolvable stress leads to the development of depression and cardiovascular disease. There is a high prevalence of depression with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), but to what extent the MetS concurrent with psychological stress affects cerebrovascular function is unknown. We investigated the differential effect of MetS on cerebrovascular structure/function in rats (16-17 weeks old) following 8 weeks of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and whether exercise training could limit any cerebrovascular dysfunction. In healthy lean Zucker rats (LZR), UCMS decreased (28%, P < 0.05) ex vivo middle cerebral artery (MCA) endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD), but changes in MCA remodelling and stiffness were not evident, though cerebral microvessel density (MVD) decreased (30%, P < 0.05). The presence of UCMS and MetS (obese Zucker rats; OZR) decreased MCA EDD (35%, P < 0.05) and dilatation to sodium nitroprusside (20%, P < 0.05), while MCA stiffness increased and cerebral MVD decreased (31%, P < 0.05), which were linked to reduced nitric oxide and increased oxidative levels. Aerobic exercise prevented UCMS impairments in MCA function and MVD in LZR, and partly restored MCA function, stiffness and MVD in OZR. Our data suggest that the benefits of exercise with UCMS were due to a reduction in oxidative stress and increased production of nitric oxide in the cerebral vessels. In conclusion, UCMS significantly impaired MCA structure and function, but the effects of UCMS were more substantial in OZR vs. LZR. Importantly, aerobic exercise when combined with UCMS prevented the MCA dysfunction through subtle shifts in nitric oxide and oxidative stress in the cerebral microvasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kayla W Branyan
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Evan DeVallance
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roy Skinner
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kent Lemaster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Whitney Sheets
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christopher R Pitzer
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shinichi Asano
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Fairmont State University, WV, USA
| | - Randall W Bryner
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jefferson C Frisbee
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Translational Stroke Research, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
174
|
Essential Roles of Lactate in Müller Cell Survival and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9108-9121. [PMID: 29644598 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells are pivotal in sustaining retinal ganglion cells, and an intact energy metabolism is essential for upholding Müller cell functions. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of lactate on Müller cell survival and function. Primary mice Müller cells and human Müller cell lines (MIO-M1) were treated with or without lactate (10 or 20 mM) for 2 and 24 hours. Simultaneously, Müller cells were incubated with or without 6 mM of glucose. L-lactate exposure increased Müller cell survival independently of the presence of glucose. This effect was abolished by the addition of the monocarboxylate inhibitor 4-cinnamic acid to the treatment media, whereas survival continued to increase in response to addition of D-lactate during glucose restriction. ATP levels decreased over time in MIO-M1 cells and remained stable over time in primary Müller cells. Lactate was preferably metabolized in MIO-M1 cells compared to glucose, and 10 mM of L-Lactate exposure prevented complete glycogen depletion in MIO-M1 cells. Glutamate uptake increased after 2 hours and decreased after 24 hours in glucose-restricted Müller cells compared to cells with glucose supplement. The addition of 10 mM of lactate to the treatment media increased glutamate uptake in glucose supplemented and restricted cells. In conclusion, lactate is a key component in maintaining Müller cell survival and function. Hence, lactate administration may be of great future interest, ultimately leading to novel therapies to rescue retinal ganglion cells.
Collapse
|
175
|
The protective effects of acute cardiovascular exercise on the interference of procedural memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 83:1543-1555. [PMID: 29637259 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported a positive impact of acute exercise for procedural skill memory. Previous work has revealed this effect, but these findings are confounded by a potential contribution of a night of sleep to the reported exercise-mediated reduction in interference. Thus, it remains unclear if exposure to a brief bout of exercise can provide protection to a newly acquired motor memory. The primary objective of the present study was to examine if a single bout of moderate-intensity cardiovascular exercise after practice of a novel motor sequence reduces the susceptibility to retroactive interference. To address this shortcoming, 17 individuals in a control condition practiced a novel motor sequence that was followed by test after a 6-h wake-filled interval. A separate group of 17 individuals experienced practice with an interfering motor sequence 45 min after practice with the original sequence and were then administered test trials 6 h later. One additional group of 12 participants was exposed to an acute bout of exercise immediately after practice with the original motor sequence but prior to practice with the interfering motor sequence and the subsequent test. In comparison with the control condition, increased response times were revealed during the 6-h test for the individuals that were exposed to interference. The introduction of an acute bout of exercise between the practice of the two motor sequences produced a reduction in interference from practice with the second task at the time of test, however, this effect was not statistically significant. These data reinforce the hypothesis that while there may be a contribution from exercise to post-practice consolidation of procedural skills which is independent of sleep, sleep may interact with exercise to strengthen the effects of the latter on procedural memory.
Collapse
|
176
|
The Science and Translation of Lactate Shuttle Theory. Cell Metab 2018; 27:757-785. [PMID: 29617642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Once thought to be a waste product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now known to form continuously under aerobic conditions. Shuttling between producer and consumer cells fulfills at least three purposes for lactate: (1) a major energy source, (2) the major gluconeogenic precursor, and (3) a signaling molecule. "Lactate shuttle" (LS) concepts describe the roles of lactate in delivery of oxidative and gluconeogenic substrates as well as in cell signaling. In medicine, it has long been recognized that the elevation of blood lactate correlates with illness or injury severity. However, with lactate shuttle theory in mind, some clinicians are now appreciating lactatemia as a "strain" and not a "stress" biomarker. In fact, clinical studies are utilizing lactate to treat pro-inflammatory conditions and to deliver optimal fuel for working muscles in sports medicine. The above, as well as historic and recent studies of lactate metabolism and shuttling, are discussed in the following review.
Collapse
|
177
|
Vandoorne T, De Bock K, Van Den Bosch L. Energy metabolism in ALS: an underappreciated opportunity? Acta Neuropathol 2018; 135:489-509. [PMID: 29549424 PMCID: PMC5978930 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects motor neurons. Despite our increased understanding of the genetic factors contributing to ALS, no effective treatment is available. A growing body of evidence shows disturbances in energy metabolism in ALS. Moreover, the remarkable vulnerability of motor neurons to ATP depletion has become increasingly clear. Here, we review metabolic alterations present in ALS patients and models, discuss the selective vulnerability of motor neurons to energetic stress, and provide an overview of tested and emerging metabolic approaches to treat ALS. We believe that a further understanding of the metabolic biology of ALS can lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tijs Vandoorne
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 4, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 4, Herestraat 49, PB 602, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Al-Gebaly AS. Ameliorating role of whey syrup against ageing-related damage of myocardial muscle of Wistar Albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:950-956. [PMID: 31303824 PMCID: PMC6600591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-ing is involved in gradual breakdown of biological structure and function of body organs. The heart represents the main organ responsible for pumping the main issues of life which involving oxygen, nutrients and bioactive molecules necessary for maintaining the body functions. The present study has been conducted to assess the anti-aging properties of whey syrup collected from fermented milk in 4, 18 and 30-months-old rats. The histopathological and histochemical changes of carbohydrates and proteins were investigated. Immunohistochemical expression of smooth muscle actin and P53 was performed to assess the function of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, Annexin v and biochemical changes of different cardio-biomarkers were carried out to evaluate the effects of aging. The present result of 30 months-old rats revealed myocardial infarction assessed by widening of myocardial fibers, diffused with numerous blood capillaries and dense leukocytic infiltration. The assessed biochemical markers confirmed myocardial damage. Whey supplementation improved the myocardial structure, but less improvement was observed for the 30-months-old rats. The author recommended supplementation with whey is beneficial in giving a body the demand for amino acids and minerals essential for supporting the myocardium and also provides protection against age-ing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma S Al-Gebaly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman, University, 11474 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Abstract
Lactate in the brain has long been associated with ischaemia; however, more recent evidence shows that it can be found there under physiological conditions. In the brain, lactate is formed predominantly in astrocytes from glucose or glycogen in response to neuronal activity signals. Thus, neurons and astrocytes show tight metabolic coupling. Lactate is transferred from astrocytes to neurons to match the neuronal energetic needs, and to provide signals that modulate neuronal functions, including excitability, plasticity and memory consolidation. In addition, lactate affects several homeostatic functions. Overall, lactate ensures adequate energy supply, modulates neuronal excitability levels and regulates adaptive functions in order to set the 'homeostatic tone' of the nervous system.
Collapse
|
180
|
Carrard A, Elsayed M, Margineanu M, Boury-Jamot B, Fragnière L, Meylan EM, Petit JM, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ, Martin JL. Peripheral administration of lactate produces antidepressant-like effects. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:392-399. [PMID: 27752076 PMCID: PMC5794893 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role as metabolic substrate that can sustain neuronal function and viability, emerging evidence supports a role for l-lactate as an intercellular signaling molecule involved in synaptic plasticity. Clinical and basic research studies have shown that major depression and chronic stress are associated with alterations in structural and functional plasticity. These findings led us to investigate the role of l-lactate as a potential novel antidepressant. Here we show that peripheral administration of l-lactate produces antidepressant-like effects in different animal models of depression that respond to acute and chronic antidepressant treatment. The antidepressant-like effects of l-lactate are associated with increases in hippocampal lactate levels and with changes in the expression of target genes involved in serotonin receptor trafficking, astrocyte functions, neurogenesis, nitric oxide synthesis and cAMP signaling. Further elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of l-lactate may help to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Carrard
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Elsayed
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Margineanu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Boury-Jamot
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fragnière
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E M Meylan
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-M Petit
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Fiumelli
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - P J Magistretti
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), BESE Division, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: or
| | - J-L Martin
- Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland,Center for Psychiatric Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Vestergaard MB, Henriksen OM, Lindberg U, Aachmann-Andersen NJ, Lisbjerg K, Christensen SJ, Olsen NV, Law I, Larsson HBW, Rasmussen P. No evidence for direct effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1107-1116. [PMID: 29357480 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00869.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is expressed in human brain tissue, but its exact role is unknown. EPO may improve the efficiency of oxidative metabolism and has neuroprotective properties against hypoxic injuries in animal models. We aimed to investigate the effect of recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) administration on healthy cerebral metabolism in humans during normoxia and during metabolic stress by inhalation of 10% O2 hypoxic air. Twenty-four healthy men participated in a two-arm double-blind placebo-controlled trial. rHuEPO was administered as a low dose (5,000 IU) over 4 wk ( n = 12) or as a high dose (500 IU·kg body wt-1·day-1) for three consecutive days ( n = 12). Global cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) were measured with positron emission tomography. CBF, metabolic rate of oxygen ([Formula: see text]), and cerebral lactate concentration were measured by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Low-dose treatment increased hemoglobin and was associated with a near-significant decrease in CBF during baseline normoxia. High-dose treatment caused no change in CBF. Neither treatment had an effect on normoxia CMRglc, [Formula: see text], or lactate concentration or an effect on the cerebral metabolic response to inhalation of hypoxic air. In conclusion, the study found no evidence for a direct effect of rHuEPO on cerebral metabolism. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate with magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography that administration of erythropoietin does not have a substantial direct effect on healthy human resting cerebral blood flow or effect on cerebral glucose and oxygen metabolism. Also, administration of erythropoietin did not have a direct effect on the metabolic response to acute hypoxic stress in healthy humans, and a suggested neuroprotective effect from erythropoietin is therefore likely not a direct effect of erythropoietin on cerebral metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bitsch Vestergaard
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Otto Mølby Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Niels Jacob Aachmann-Andersen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kristian Lisbjerg
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Søren Just Christensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Niels Vidiendal Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesia, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Peter Rasmussen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Rusin A, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Chronic fatigue and immune deficiency syndrome (CFIDS), cellular metabolism, and ionizing radiation: a review of contemporary scientific literature and suggested directions for future research. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:212-228. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1422871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Rusin
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
183
|
Hashimoto T, Tsukamoto H, Takenaka S, Olesen ND, Petersen LG, Sørensen H, Nielsen HB, Secher NH, Ogoh S. Maintained exercise‐enhanced brain executive function related to cerebral lactate metabolism in men. FASEB J 2018; 32:1417-1427. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700381rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Tokyo Japan
| | - Saki Takenaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science Ritsumeikan University Shiga Japan
| | - Niels D. Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Lonnie G. Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Sørensen
- Department of Anesthesia Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henning B. Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesia Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Niels H. Secher
- Department of Anesthesia Copenhagen Muscle Research Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Graduate School of EngineeringToyo University Saitama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Barros LF, Weber B. CrossTalk proposal: an important astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle couples neuronal activity to glucose utilisation in the brain. J Physiol 2018; 596:347-350. [PMID: 29292516 DOI: 10.1113/jp274944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos, Valdivia, 5110466, Chile
| | - B Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, and Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
185
|
Involvement of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) in the uptake of l-lactate in human astrocytes. Life Sci 2018; 192:110-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
186
|
Marinangeli C, Kluza J, Marchetti P, Buée L, Vingtdeux V. Study of AMPK-Regulated Metabolic Fluxes in Neurons Using the Seahorse XFe Analyzer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1732:289-305. [PMID: 29480483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the intracellular master energy sensor and metabolic regulator. AMPK is involved in cell energy homeostasis through the regulation of glycolytic flux and mitochondrial biogenesis. Interestingly, metabolic dysfunctions and AMPK deregulations are observed in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's. While these deregulations could play a key role in the development of these diseases, the study of metabolic fluxes has remained quite challenging and time-consuming. In this chapter, we describe the Seahorse XFe respirometry assay as a fundamental experimental tool to investigate the role of AMPK in controlling and modulating cell metabolic fluxes in living and intact differentiated primary neurons. The Seahorse XFe respirometry assay allows the real-time monitoring of glycolytic flux and mitochondrial respiration from different kind of cells, tissues, and isolated mitochondria. Here, we specify a protocol optimized for primary neuronal cells using several energy substrates such as glucose, pyruvate, lactate, glutamine, and ketone bodies. Nevertheless, this protocol can easily be adapted to monitor metabolic fluxes from other types of cells, tissues, or isolated mitochondria by taking into account the notes proposed for each key step of this assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marinangeli
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, Lille, France
| | - Jérome Kluza
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Marchetti
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Vingtdeux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172-JPArc-Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Jung JG, Le A. Targeting Metabolic Cross Talk between Cancer Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:167-178. [PMID: 29946783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although tumorigenesis has classically been regarded as a genetic disease of uncontrolled cell growth, the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is continuously emphasized by the accumulating evidence that cancer growth is not simply dependent on the cancer cells themselves [1, 2] but also dependent on angiogenesis [3–6], inflammation [7, 8], and the supporting roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) [9, 10]. After the discovery that CAFs are able to remodel the tumor matrix within the TME and provide the nutrients and chemicals to promote cancer cell growth [11], many studies have aimed to uncover the cross talk between cancer and CAFs. Moreover, a new paradigm in cancer metabolism shows how cancer cells act like “metabolic parasites” to uptake the high-energy metabolites, such as lactate, ketone bodies, free fatty acid, and glutamine from supporting cells, including CAFs and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) [12, 13]. This chapter provides an overview of the metabolic coupling between CAFs and cancer to further define the therapeutic options to disrupt the CAF-cancer cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin G Jung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Coxon JP, Cash RFH, Hendrikse JJ, Rogasch NC, Stavrinos E, Suo C, Yücel M. GABA concentration in sensorimotor cortex following high-intensity exercise and relationship to lactate levels. J Physiol 2017; 596:691-702. [PMID: 29159914 DOI: 10.1113/jp274660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was conducted before and after high-intensity interval exercise. Sensorimotor cortex GABA concentration increased by 20%. The increase was positively correlated with the increase in blood lactate. There was no change in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. There were no changes in the glutamate-glutamine-glutathione peak. ABSTRACT High-intensity exercise increases the concentration of circulating lactate. Cortical uptake of blood borne lactate increases during and after exercise; however, the potential relationship with changes in the concentration of neurometabolites remains unclear. Although changes in neurometabolite concentration have previously been demonstrated in primary visual cortex after exercise, it remains unknown whether these changes extend to regions such as the sensorimotor cortex (SM) or executive regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). In the present study, we explored the acute after-effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the concentration of gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the combined glutamate-glutamine-glutathione (Glx) spectral peak in the SM and DLPFC, as well as the relationship with blood lactate levels. Following HIIT, there was a robust increase in GABA concentration in the SM, as evident across the majority of participants. This change was not observed in the DLPFC. Furthermore, the increase in SM GABA was positively correlated with an increase in blood lactate. There were no changes in Glx concentration in either region. The observed increase in SM GABA concentration implies functional relevance, whereas the correlation with lactate levels may relate to the metabolic fate of exercise-derived lactate that crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Coxon
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Robin F H Cash
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School and The Alfred, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua J Hendrikse
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellen Stavrinos
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences (MICCN), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
189
|
Betancur-Calderón JM, Veronesi-Zuluaga LA, Castaño-Tobón HF. Terapia con lactato sódico hipertónico en trauma cráneo-encefálico: ¿se convertirá en la mejor alternativa de manejo? COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
190
|
Davies JMS, Cillard J, Friguet B, Cadenas E, Cadet J, Cayce R, Fishmann A, Liao D, Bulteau AL, Derbré F, Rébillard A, Burstein S, Hirsch E, Kloner RA, Jakowec M, Petzinger G, Sauce D, Sennlaub F, Limon I, Ursini F, Maiorino M, Economides C, Pike CJ, Cohen P, Salvayre AN, Halliday MR, Lundquist AJ, Jakowec NA, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Mericskay M, Mariani J, Li Z, Huang D, Grant E, Forman HJ, Finch CE, Sun PY, Pomatto LCD, Agbulut O, Warburton D, Neri C, Rouis M, Cillard P, Capeau J, Rosenbaum J, Davies KJA. The Oxygen Paradox, the French Paradox, and age-related diseases. GeroScience 2017; 39:499-550. [PMID: 29270905 PMCID: PMC5745211 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox is a seemingly absurd or impossible concept, proposition, or theory that is often difficult to understand or explain, sometimes apparently self-contradictory, and yet ultimately correct or true. How is it possible, for example, that oxygen "a toxic environmental poison" could be also indispensable for life (Beckman and Ames Physiol Rev 78(2):547-81, 1998; Stadtman and Berlett Chem Res Toxicol 10(5):485-94, 1997)?: the so-called Oxygen Paradox (Davies and Ursini 1995; Davies Biochem Soc Symp 61:1-31, 1995). How can French people apparently disregard the rule that high dietary intakes of cholesterol and saturated fats (e.g., cheese and paté) will result in an early death from cardiovascular diseases (Renaud and de Lorgeril Lancet 339(8808):1523-6, 1992; Catalgol et al. Front Pharmacol 3:141, 2012; Eisenberg et al. Nat Med 22(12):1428-1438, 2016)?: the so-called, French Paradox. Doubtless, the truth is not a duality and epistemological bias probably generates apparently self-contradictory conclusions. Perhaps nowhere in biology are there so many apparently contradictory views, and even experimental results, affecting human physiology and pathology as in the fields of free radicals and oxidative stress, antioxidants, foods and drinks, and dietary recommendations; this is particularly true when issues such as disease-susceptibility or avoidance, "healthspan," "lifespan," and ageing are involved. Consider, for example, the apparently paradoxical observation that treatment with low doses of a substance that is toxic at high concentrations may actually induce transient adaptations that protect against a subsequent exposure to the same (or similar) toxin. This particular paradox is now mechanistically explained as "Adaptive Homeostasis" (Davies Mol Asp Med 49:1-7, 2016; Pomatto et al. 2017a; Lomeli et al. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(21):2573-2599, 2017; Pomatto and Davies 2017); the non-damaging process by which an apparent toxicant can activate biological signal transduction pathways to increase expression of protective genes, by mechanisms that are completely different from those by which the same agent induces toxicity at high concentrations. In this review, we explore the influences and effects of paradoxes such as the Oxygen Paradox and the French Paradox on the etiology, progression, and outcomes of many of the major human age-related diseases, as well as the basic biological phenomenon of ageing itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M S Davies
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Josiane Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Friguet
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Rachael Cayce
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Andrew Fishmann
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - David Liao
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bulteau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon,ENS de Lyon, CNRS, 69364, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Rébillard
- Laboratory for Movement, Sport and Health Sciences-EA 1274, M2S, Université de Rennes 2-ENS, Bruz, 35170, Rennes, France
| | - Steven Burstein
- The Medical Group, Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Osteoporosis, Dermatology, Pulmonology, Ophthalmology, and Cardiology; the Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Etienne Hirsch
- INSERM UMR 1127-CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière-ICM Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Maladie de Parkinson, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Robert A Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, 91105, USA
| | - Michael Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Giselle Petzinger
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Delphine Sauce
- Chronic infections and Immune ageing, INSERM U1135, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Pierre et Marie Curie University, 75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Limon
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Christina Economides
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Anne Negre Salvayre
- Lipid peroxidation, Signalling and Vascular Diseases INSERM U1048, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Matthew R Halliday
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Adam J Lundquist
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nicolaus A Jakowec
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | | | - Mathias Mericskay
- Laboratoire de Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire-Inserm UMR-S 1180, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, Paris, France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Ellsworth Grant
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
| | - Henry J Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Los Angeles Cardiology Associates, Hospital of the Good Samaritan, Los Angeles, CA, 90017, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Patrick Y Sun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Laura C D Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Warburton
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Developmental Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Therapeutics program and the Center for Environmental Impact on Global Health Across the Lifespan at The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Christian Neri
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Mustapha Rouis
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), UMR CNRS 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM ERL U1164, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cillard
- Lab de Biologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Rennes, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- DR Saint-Antoine UMR_S938, UPMC, Inserm Faculté de Médecine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jean Rosenbaum
- Scientific Service of the Embassy of France in the USA, Consulate General of France in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0191, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
191
|
Betancur-Calderón JM, Veronesi-Zuluaga LA, Castaño-Tobón HF. Traumatic brain injury and treatment with hypertonic sodium lactate. Will it become the best management alternative? COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
192
|
Wiegers EC, Rooijackers HM, Tack CJ, Groenewoud HJMM, Heerschap A, de Galan BE, van der Graaf M. Effect of Exercise-Induced Lactate Elevation on Brain Lactate Levels During Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2017; 66:3105-3110. [PMID: 28935628 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Since altered brain lactate handling has been implicated in the development of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in type 1 diabetes, the capacity to transport lactate into the brain during hypoglycemia may be relevant in its pathogenesis. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) increases plasma lactate levels. We compared the effect of HIIT-induced hyperlacticacidemia on brain lactate during hypoglycemia between 1) patients with type 1 diabetes and IAH, 2) patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia, and 3) healthy participants without diabetes (n = 6 per group). All participants underwent a hypoglycemic (2.8 mmol/L) clamp after performing a bout of HIIT on a cycle ergometer. Before HIIT (baseline) and during hypoglycemia, brain lactate levels were determined continuously with J-difference-editing 1H-MRS, and time curves were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. At the beginning of hypoglycemia (after HIIT), brain lactate levels were elevated in all groups but most pronounced in patients with IAH. During hypoglycemia, brain lactate decreased ∼30% below baseline in patients with IAH but returned to baseline levels and remained there in the other two groups. Our results support the concept of enhanced lactate transport as well as increased lactate oxidation in patients with type 1 diabetes and IAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evita C Wiegers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanne M Rooijackers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J M M Groenewoud
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
193
|
Traumatic brain injury and treatment with hypertonic sodium lactate. Will it become the best management alternative?☆. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/01819236-201712002-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
194
|
Tsukamoto H, Takenaka S, Suga T, Tanaka D, Takeuchi T, Hamaoka T, Isaka T, Hashimoto T. Impact of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Postexercise Executive Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:774-784. [PMID: 27846044 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of exercise volume represented by exercise intensity and duration on postexercise executive function (EF) improvement remains unclear. In the present study, involving two volume-controlled evaluations, we aimed to compare acute exercise protocols with differing intensities and durations to establish an effective exercise protocol for improving EF. METHODS In study 1, 12 healthy male subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise, based on a low-intensity (LI) protocol for 20 min (LI20), moderate-intensity (MI) protocol for 20 min (MI20), and MI20 volume-matched LI protocol for 40 min (LI40). The exercise intensities for the LI and MI were set at 30% and 60% of peak oxygen consumption, respectively. In study 2, 15 healthy male subjects performed MI exercise for 10 min (MI10), MI20, and 40 min (MI40). To evaluate the EF, the color-word Stroop task was administrated before exercise, immediately after exercise, and during the 30-min postexercise recovery. RESULTS In study 1, postexercise EF improvement was sustained for a longer duration after MI20 than after LI40 and was sustained for a longer duration after LI40 than after LI20. In study 2, although there was no significant difference in post-MI exercise EF improvement, the magnitude of difference in the EF between preexercise and 30-min postexercise recovery period was moderately larger in MI40, but not in MI10 and MI20, indicating that the EF improvement during postexercise recovery could be sustained after MI40. CONCLUSION The present findings showed that postexercise EF improvement could be prolonged after MI exercise with a moderate duration compared with volume-matched LI exercise with a longer duration. In addition, MI exercise with a relatively long duration may slightly prolong the postexercise EF improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsukamoto
- 1Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, JAPAN; 2Research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JAPAN; and 3School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
195
|
Liu L, MacKenzie KR, Putluri N, Maletić-Savatić M, Bellen HJ. The Glia-Neuron Lactate Shuttle and Elevated ROS Promote Lipid Synthesis in Neurons and Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Glia via APOE/D. Cell Metab 2017; 26:719-737.e6. [PMID: 28965825 PMCID: PMC5677551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the formation of lipids in neurons that are transferred to glia, where they form lipid droplets (LDs). We show that glial and neuronal monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs), and apolipoproteins are critical for glial LD formation. MCTs enable glia to secrete and neurons to absorb lactate, which is converted to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA in neurons. Lactate metabolites provide a substrate for synthesis of fatty acids, which are processed and transferred to glia by FATP and apolipoproteins. In the presence of high ROS, inhibiting lactate transfer or lowering FATP or apolipoprotein levels decreases glial LD accumulation in flies and in primary mouse glial-neuronal cultures. We show that human APOE can substitute for a fly glial apolipoprotein and that APOE4, an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility allele, is impaired in lipid transport and promotes neurodegeneration, providing insights into disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Advanced Technology Cor, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletić-Savatić
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Smith KJ, Ainslie PN. Regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1356-1371. [PMID: 28786150 DOI: 10.1113/ep086249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? The manuscript collectively combines the experimental observations from >100 publications focusing on the regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise from 1945 to the present day. What advances does it highlight? This article highlights the importance of traditional and historical assessments of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise, as well as traditional and new insights into the complex factors involved in the integrative regulation of brain blood flow and metabolism during exercise. The overarching theme is the importance of quantifying cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise using techniques that consider multiple volumetric cerebral haemodynamics (i.e. velocity, diameter, shear and flow). Cerebral function in humans is crucially dependent upon continuous oxygen delivery, metabolic nutrients and active regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF). As a consequence, cerebrovascular function is precisely titrated by multiple physiological mechanisms, characterized by complex integration, synergism and protective redundancy. At rest, adequate CBF is regulated through reflexive responses in the following order of regulatory importance: fluctuating arterial blood gases (in particularly, partial pressure of carbon dioxide), cerebral metabolism, arterial blood pressure, neurogenic activity and cardiac output. Unfortunately, the magnitude that these integrative and synergistic relationships contribute to governing the CBF during exercise remains unclear. Despite some evidence indicating that CBF regulation during exercise is dependent on the changes of blood pressure, neurogenic activity and cardiac output, their role as a primary governor of the CBF response to exercise remains controversial. In contrast, the balance between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and cerebral metabolism continues to gain empirical support as the primary contributor to the intensity-dependent changes in CBF observed during submaximal, moderate and maximal exercise. The goal of this review is to summarize the fundamental physiology and mechanisms involved in regulation of CBF and metabolism during exercise. The clinical implications of a better understanding of CBF during exercise and new research directions are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J Smith
- Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Sports Science, Exercise and Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Tsukamoto H, Suga T, Ishibashi A, Takenaka S, Tanaka D, Hirano Y, Hamaoka T, Goto K, Ebi K, Isaka T, Hashimoto T. Flavanol-rich cocoa consumption enhances exercise-induced executive function improvements in humans. Nutrition 2017; 46:90-96. [PMID: 29290363 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aerobic exercise is known to acutely improve cognitive functions, such as executive function (EF) and memory function (MF). Additionally, consumption of flavanol-rich cocoa has been reported to acutely improve cognitive function. The aim of this study was to determine whether high cocoa flavanol (CF; HCF) consumption would enhance exercise-induced improvement in cognitive function. To test this hypothesis, we examined the combined effects of HCF consumption and moderate-intensity exercise on EF and MF during postexercise recovery. METHODS Ten healthy young men received either an HCF (563 mg of CF) or energy-matched low CF (LCF; 38 mg of CF) beverage 70 min before exercise in a single-blind counterbalanced manner. The men then performed moderate-intensity cycling exercise at 60% of peak oxygen uptake for 30 min. The participants performed a color-word Stroop task and face-name matching task to evaluate EF and MF, respectively, during six time periods throughout the experimental session. RESULTS EF significantly improved immediately after exercise compared with before exercise in both conditions. However, EF was higher after HCF consumption than after LCF consumption during all time periods because HCF consumption improved EF before exercise. In contrast, HCF consumption and moderate-intensity exercise did not improve MF throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION The present findings demonstrated that HCF consumption before moderate-intensity exercise could enhance exercise-induced improvement in EF, but not in MF. Therefore, we suggest that the combination of HCF consumption and aerobic exercise may be beneficial for improving EF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsukamoto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Aya Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Takenaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Daichi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hirano
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Kazushige Goto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ebi
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Chauhan A, Srivastva N, Bubber P. Thiamine Deficiency Induced Dietary Disparity Promotes Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration. Indian J Clin Biochem 2017; 33:422-428. [PMID: 30319188 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine or vitamin B1 is a well known coenzyme and nutrient necessary for the assembly and right functioning of several enzymes involved in the energy metabolism. The present study evaluates oxidative stress and prevalence of neurodegenerative conditions in the brain following TD. The study was carried out on mice (Musmusculus) in three groups, namely control and thiamine-deficient group for 8 (TD 8) and 10 (TD 10) days. Lipid peroxidation was determined in terms of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). The level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione transferase (GST) were measured along with histopathological studies in all the groups. There was significant increase in the TBARS levels in group II (TD 8) and group III (TD 10) animals in comparison to controls (Group I). The GSH levels were found to be lower in both the treated groups. The level of antioxidant enzymes CAT (p < 0.001), glutathione reductase (p < 0.001), GPx (p < 0.001), SOD (p < 0.0001) were found to be significantly reduced in group III (TD 10) in comparison to controls. Histopathological studies showed moderated to extensive neuronal loss in group II and group III in comparison to control group. The increase in LPO and reduction in enzymes CAT, glutathione reductase, GPx, SOD, and GST following TD suggests mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal loss acute oxidative stress that may impair the functioning of the brain along with the rise of neurodegenerative conditions in the affected animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Chauhan
- 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Distt-Tonk, Rajasthan India
| | - Nidhi Srivastva
- 1Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Distt-Tonk, Rajasthan India
| | - Parvesh Bubber
- 2Biochemistry Discipline, School of Sciences, IGNOU, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi 110068 India
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Rooijackers HM, Wiegers EC, van der Graaf M, Thijssen DH, Kessels RPC, Tack CJ, de Galan BE. A Single Bout of High-Intensity Interval Training Reduces Awareness of Subsequent Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:1990-1998. [PMID: 28420673 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained increasing popularity in patients with diabetes. HIIT acutely increases plasma lactate levels. This may be important, since the administration of lactate during hypoglycemia suppresses symptoms and counterregulation while preserving cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that, in the short term, HIIT reduces awareness of hypoglycemia and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. In a randomized crossover trial, patients with type 1 diabetes and normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH), patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), and healthy participants (n = 10 per group) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-hypoglycemic (2.6 mmol/L) clamp, either after a HIIT session or after seated rest. Compared with rest, HIIT reduced symptoms of hypoglycemia in patients with NAH but not in healthy participants or patients with IAH. HIIT attenuated hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction, which was mainly driven by changes in the NAH subgroup. HIIT suppressed cortisol and growth hormone responses, but not catecholamine responses to hypoglycemia. The present findings demonstrate that a single HIIT session rapidly reduces awareness of subsequent hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes and NAH, but does not in patients with IAH, and attenuates hypoglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction. The role of exercise-induced lactate in mediating these effects, potentially serving as an alternative fuel for the brain, should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanne M Rooijackers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evita C Wiegers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marinette van der Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, U.K
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
200
|
Nordström CH, Koskinen LO, Olivecrona M. Aspects on the Physiological and Biochemical Foundations of Neurocritical Care. Front Neurol 2017; 8:274. [PMID: 28674514 PMCID: PMC5474476 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocritical care (NCC) is a branch of intensive care medicine characterized by specific physiological and biochemical monitoring techniques necessary for identifying cerebral adverse events and for evaluating specific therapies. Information is primarily obtained from physiological variables related to intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) and from physiological and biochemical variables related to cerebral energy metabolism. Non-surgical therapies developed for treating increased ICP are based on knowledge regarding transport of water across the intact and injured blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the regulation of CBF. Brain volume is strictly controlled as the BBB permeability to crystalloids is very low restricting net transport of water across the capillary wall. Cerebral pressure autoregulation prevents changes in intracranial blood volume and intracapillary hydrostatic pressure at variations in arterial blood pressure. Information regarding cerebral oxidative metabolism is obtained from measurements of brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) and biochemical data obtained from intracerebral microdialysis. As interstitial lactate/pyruvate (LP) ratio instantaneously reflects shifts in intracellular cytoplasmatic redox state, it is an important indicator of compromised cerebral oxidative metabolism. The combined information obtained from PbtO2, LP ratio, and the pattern of biochemical variables reveals whether impaired oxidative metabolism is due to insufficient perfusion (ischemia) or mitochondrial dysfunction. Intracerebral microdialysis and PbtO2 give information from a very small volume of tissue. Accordingly, clinical interpretation of the data must be based on information of the probe location in relation to focal brain damage. Attempts to evaluate global cerebral energy state from microdialysis of intraventricular fluid and from the LP ratio of the draining venous blood have recently been presented. To be of clinical relevance, the information from all monitoring techniques should be presented bedside online. Accordingly, in the future, the chemical variables obtained from microdialysis will probably be analyzed by biochemical sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars-Owe Koskinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Olivecrona
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Section for Neurosurgery Örebro University Hospital, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department for Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|