151
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Mitic M, Brkic Z, Lukic I, Adzic M. Convergence of glycogen synthase kinase 3β and GR signaling in response to fluoxetine treatment in chronically stressed female and male rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:295-303. [PMID: 28729116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence strongly suggest that impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling is involved in stress-related mood disorders, and nominate GR as a potential target for antidepressants (ADs). It is known that different classes of ADs affects the GR action via modifying its phosphorylation, while the mechanism through which ADs alter GR phosphorylation targeted by GSK3β, a kinase modulated via serotonin neurotransmission, are unclear. On this basis, we investigated whether GSK3β-GR signaling could be a convergence point of fluoxetine action on brain function and behavior, by examining its effect on GSK3β targeted-GR phosphorylation on threonine 171 (pGR171), and expression of GR-regulated genes in the hippocampus of female and male rats exposed to chronic isolation stress. Stress induced sex-specific GSK3β-targeted phosphorylation of pGR171 in the nucleus of the hippocampus of stressed animals. Namely, while in females stress triggered coupled action of GSK3β-pGR171 signaling, in males changes in pGR171 levels did not correspond to GSK3β activity. On the other hand, fluoxetine managed to up-regulate this pathway in sex-unbiased manner. Furthermore, fluoxetine reverted stress-induced changes in most of the analyzed genes in males, CRH, 5-HT1a and p11, while in females its effect was limited to CRH. These data further suggest that pGR171 signaling affects cellular localization of GR in response to chronic stress and fluoxetine in both sexes. Collectively, our results describe a novel convergence point between GR signaling and GSK3β pathway in rat hippocampus in response to stress and fluoxetine in both sexes and its involvement in fluoxetine-regulated brain function in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Mitic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Zeljka Brkic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iva Lukic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, University of Belgrade, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box-522-MBE090, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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152
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Jenwitheesuk A, Park S, Wongchitrat P, Tocharus J, Mukda S, Shimokawa I, Govitrapong P. Comparing the Effects of Melatonin with Caloric Restriction in the Hippocampus of Aging Mice: Involvement of Sirtuin1 and the FOXOs Pathway. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:153-161. [PMID: 28770437 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that age-related neurodegeneration might be associated with neuropeptide Y (NPY); sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and forkhead box transcription factors O subfamily (FOXOs) pathways. Melatonin, a hormone mainly secreted by the pineal gland, is another anti-aging agent associated with the SIRT1-FOXOs pathway. This study aimed to compare the effects of melatonin (Mel) and caloric restriction (CR) on the expression of Sirt1, FoxO1, FoxO3a and FOXOs target genes in the aging mouse hippocampus. Neuropeptide Y-knockout (NpyKO) and wild-type (WT) male mice aged 19 months were previously treated either with food ad libitum or CR for 16 months. WT old animals were divided into four groups: control, CR, Mel and CR+Mel treated groups. The Mel and CR+Mel were treated with melatonin 10 mg/kg, daily, subcutaneously for 7 consecutive days. Mel treatment upregulated the mRNA expression of Sirt1, FOXOs (FoxO1 and FoxO3a) target genes that regulated the cell cycle [e.g., cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27)], Wingless and INT-1 (Wnt1) and inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (Wisp1) in the aged mouse hippocampus. CR treatment also showed the similar actions. However, the mRNA expression of Sirt1, FoxO1, FoxO3a, p27 or Wisp1 did not alter in the CR+Mel group when compared with CR or Mel group. Melatonin could not produce any additive effect on the CR treatment group, suggesting that both treatments mimicked the effect, possibly via the same pathway. NPY which mediates physiological adaptations to energy deficits is an essential link between CR and longevity in mice. In order to focus on the role of Npy in mediating the effects of melatonin, the gene expression between NpyKO and WT male mice were compared. Our data showed that, in the absence of Npy, melatonin could not mediate effects on those gene expressions, suggesting that Npy was required for melatonin to mediate the effect, possibly, on life extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anorut Jenwitheesuk
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Seongjoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Isao Shimokawa
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand. .,Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand. .,Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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153
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Jung J, Tawa EA, Muench C, Rosen AD, Rickels K, Lohoff FW. Genome-wide association study of treatment response to venlafaxine XR in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:8-11. [PMID: 28437668 PMCID: PMC5798606 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) to identify potential predictors of venlafaxine XR treatment outcome. Ninety-eight European American patients participated in a venlafaxine XR clinical trial for GAD, with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) response/remission at 24 weeks as the primary outcome measure. All participants were genotyped with the Illumina PsychChip, and 266,820 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed. Although no SNPs reached genome-wide significance, 8 SNPs were marginally associated with treatment response/remission and HAM-A reduction at week 12 and 24 (p<0.00001). Several identified genes may indicate markers crossing neuropsychiatric diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeesun Jung
- Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elisabeth A. Tawa
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Allison D. Rosen
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD
| | - Karl Rickels
- Department of Psychiatry-Mood and Anxiety Disorders Treatment and Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD,Department of Psychiatry-Mood and Anxiety Disorders Treatment and Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,Corresponding Author: Falk W. Lohoff, M.D., Chief, Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET), Lasker Clinical Research Scholar, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, Office: 301-827-1542, Fax: 301-402-1543,
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154
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Morales-García JA, de la Fuente Revenga M, Alonso-Gil S, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Feilding A, Perez-Castillo A, Riba J. The alkaloids of Banisteriopsis caapi, the plant source of the Amazonian hallucinogen Ayahuasca, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5309. [PMID: 28706205 PMCID: PMC5509699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Banisteriopsis caapi is the basic ingredient of ayahuasca, a psychotropic plant tea used in the Amazon for ritual and medicinal purposes, and by interested individuals worldwide. Animal studies and recent clinical research suggests that B. caapi preparations show antidepressant activity, a therapeutic effect that has been linked to hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we report that harmine, tetrahydroharmine and harmaline, the three main alkaloids present in B. caapi, and the harmine metabolite harmol, stimulate adult neurogenesis in vitro. In neurospheres prepared from progenitor cells obtained from the subventricular and the subgranular zones of adult mice brains, all compounds stimulated neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation into adult neurons. These findings suggest that modulation of brain plasticity could be a major contribution to the antidepressant effects of ayahuasca. They also expand the potential application of B. caapi alkaloids to other brain disorders that may benefit from stimulation of endogenous neural precursor niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Morales-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group. Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau). Sant Antoni María Claret, 167. 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.,MFR currently at: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Amanda Feilding
- The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, OX3 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Riba
- Human Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group. Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau). Sant Antoni María Claret, 167. 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Planta, 028029, Madrid, Spain.
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155
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Pariante CM. Why are depressed patients inflamed? A reflection on 20 years of research on depression, glucocorticoid resistance and inflammation. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 27:554-559. [PMID: 28479211 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the last 20 years have demonstrated that increased inflammation and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are two of the most consistent biological findings in major depression and are often associated: but the molecular and clinical mechanisms underlying these abnormalities are still unclear. These findings are particularly enigmatic, especially considering the accepted notion that high levels of cortisol have an anti-inflammatory action, and therefore the coexistence of inflammation and hypercortisolemia in the same diagnostic group appears counter-intuitive. To celebrate the 2015 Anna-Monika Foundation Award to our laboratory, this review will discuss our own 20 years of research on the clinical and molecular evidence underlying the increased inflammation in depression, especially in the context of a hyperactive HPA axis, and discuss its implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine M Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory (SPI-Lab), Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Lab & Perinatal Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King׳s College London, G.32.01, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom.
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156
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Gao C, Wang Q, Chung SK, Shen J. Crosstalk of metabolic factors and neurogenic signaling in adult neurogenesis: Implication of metabolic regulation for mental and neurological diseases. Neurochem Int 2017; 106:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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157
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Pytka K, Młyniec K, Podkowa K, Podkowa A, Jakubczyk M, Żmudzka E, Lustyk K, Sapa J, Filipek B. The role of melatonin, neurokinin, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase and glucocorticoid receptors in antidepressant-like effect. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:546-554. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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158
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Powell TR, Murphy T, de Jong S, Lee SH, Tansey KE, Hodgson K, Uher R, Price J, Thuret S, Breen G. The genome-wide expression effects of escitalopram and its relationship to neurogenesis, hippocampal volume, and antidepressant response. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:427-434. [PMID: 28394502 PMCID: PMC5485083 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant-induced hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is hypothesized to contribute to increases in hippocampal volume among major depressive disorder patients after long-term treatment. Furthermore, rodent studies suggest AHN may be the cellular mechanism mediating the therapeutic benefits of antidepressants. Here, we perform the first investigation of genome-wide expression changes associated with AHN in human cells. We identify gene expression networks significantly activated during AHN, and we perform gene set analyses to probe the molecular relationship between AHN, hippocampal volume, and antidepressant response. The latter were achieved using genome-wide association summary data collected from 30,717 individuals as part of the ENIGMA Consortium (genetic predictors of hippocampal volume dataset), and data collected from 1,222 major depressed patients as part of the NEWMEDS Project (genetic predictors of response to antidepressants dataset). Our results showed that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, escitalopram evoked AHN in human cells; dose-dependently increasing the differentiation of cells into neuroblasts, as well as increasing gliogenesis. Activated genome-wide expression networks relate to axon and microtubule formation, and ribosomal biogenesis. Gene set analysis revealed that gene expression changes associated with AHN were nominally enriched for genes predictive of hippocampal volume, but not for genes predictive of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Powell
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tytus Murphy
- King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Simone de Jong
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Katherine E. Tansey
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Karen Hodgson
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rudolf Uher
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Jack Price
- King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- King's College London, Department of Basic and Clinical NeuroscienceInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN)LondonUnited Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience at the Maudsley Hospital and King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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159
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Wei X, Sun Y, Luo F. Impaired Spinal Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling Contributes to the Attenuating Effect of Depression on Mechanical Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Rats with Neuropathic Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:145. [PMID: 28579944 PMCID: PMC5437111 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although depression-induced altered pain perception has been described in several laboratory and clinical studies, its neurobiological mechanism in the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the spinal dorsal horn, remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify whether nociceptive sensitivity of neuropathic pain is altered in the olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model of depression and whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is involved in the etio-pathologic mechanisms of both major depression and neuropathic pain, contributes to these processes in the spinal dorsal horn of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) were attenuated in OB-SNL rats with decreased spinal GR expression and nuclear translocation, whereas non-olfactory bulbectomy (NOB)-SNL rats showed increased spinal GR nuclear translocation. In addition, decreased GR nuclear translocation with normal mechanical nociception and hypoalgesia of thermal nociception were observed in OB-Sham rats. Intrathecal injection (i.t.) of GR agonist dexamethasone (Dex; 4 μg/rat/day for 1 week) eliminated the attenuating effect of depression on nociceptive hypersensitivity in OB-SNL rats and aggravated neuropathic pain in NOB-SNL rats, which was associated with the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB and NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn. The present study shows that depression attenuates the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain and suggests that altered spinal GR-BDNF-TrkB signaling may be one of the reasons for depression-induced hypoalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
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160
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Qu P, Yu JX, Xia L, Chen GH. Cognitive Performance and the Alteration of Neuroendocrine Hormones in Chronic Tension-Type Headache. Pain Pract 2017; 18:8-17. [PMID: 28339138 DOI: 10.1111/papr.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qu
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Department of Neurology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Jin-Xia Yu
- Official Hospital of the People's Government; Hefei Anhui Province China
| | - Lan Xia
- Department of Neurology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
| | - Gui-Hai Chen
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Departments of Neurology and General Practice; The Affiliated Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
- Psychologic Medical Center of Anhui Medical University; Hefei China
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161
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Anacker C, Hen R. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility - linking memory and mood. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:335-346. [PMID: 28469276 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive processes, such as pattern separation, and in the behavioural effects of stress and antidepressants. Young adult-born neurons have been shown to inhibit the overall activity of the dentate gyrus by recruiting local interneurons, which may result in sparse contextual representations and improved pattern separation. We propose that neurogenesis-mediated inhibition also reduces memory interference and enables reversal learning both in neutral situations and in emotionally charged ones. Such improved cognitive flexibility may in turn help to decrease anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Anacker
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York 10032, New York, USA
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University and Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York 10032, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, Kolb Annex, 40 Haven Ave, New York 10032, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York 10032, New York, USA
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162
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Metabolic Factors and Adult Neurogenesis: Impacts of Chinese Herbal Medicine on Brain Repair in Neurological Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 135:117-147. [PMID: 28807156 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis plays the important roles in animal cognitive and emotional behaviors. Abnormal proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) usually associate with the neural dysfunctions induced by different brain disorders. Therefore, targeting neurogenic factors could be a promoting strategy for neural regeneration and brain repair. Importantly, epidemiological studies suggest metabolism disorders like diabetes and obesity significantly increase the risk of neurological and psychiatric diseases. A large number of studies indicate that metabolic factors could serve as the modulators to adult neurogenesis, providing the potentials of metabolic factors to regulate NSCs growth and neural regeneration therapy. This chapter reviews the current studies on the roles of metabolic factors in modulating adult neurogenesis and evaluates the potentials of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) for the treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders by targeting the metabolic factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) including CHM and acupuncture is now widely applied for the treatment of metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases in Asia, because its' therapeutic principles meet the multiple targets and complexity characteristics of most neurological disorders. Different studies indicate that there are many active compounds perform the regulations to metabolic factors and promoting neurogenesis. This chapter systematically summarizes the current progress and understanding of the active compounds and their underlying mechanisms of CHM formulas for promoting neurogenesis. Many CHM formulas and their active ingredients that originally used for metabolic disorders show the promising effects on mediating neurogenesis and brain repair for the treatments of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, further investigations about the relationship between neurogenesis and metabolic regulations of CHM will bring new insights into understanding the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis and provide great opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases. Those studies will provide scientific guidance to develop the drugs from TCM resource.
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163
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Hinds LR, Chun LE, Woodruff ER, Christensen JA, Hartsock MJ, Spencer RL. Dynamic glucocorticoid-dependent regulation of Sgk1 expression in oligodendrocytes of adult male rat brain by acute stress and time of day. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175075. [PMID: 28376115 PMCID: PMC5380358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies support plasticity in adult brain white matter structure and myelination in response to various experiential factors. One possible contributor to this plasticity may be activity-dependent modulation of serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (Sgk1) expression in oligodendrocytes. We examined whether Sgk1 expression in adult rat brain white matter is increased by acute stress-induced elevations in endogenous corticosterone and whether it fluctuates with diurnal variations in corticosterone. We observed rapid increases (within 30 min) in Sgk1 mRNA in the corpus callosum in response to acute stress, as well as large increases at the beginning of the rat's active period (the time of peak corticosterone secretion). These increases were absent in adrenalectomized rats. Corticosterone treatment of adrenalectomized rats also rapidly increased corpus callosum Sgk1 mRNA. The majority of Sgk1 mRNA in corpus callosum was co-localized with myelin basic protein mRNA, suggesting that mature oligodendrocytes respond dynamically to acute stress and circadian rhythms. The regulation of Sgk1 expression by acute stress and time of day was selective for white matter, with limited alteration of Sgk1 expression by these factors in hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. These results indicate a unique sensitivity of oligodendrocyte Sgk1 expression to activity-dependent fluctuations in corticosterone hormone secretion, and raises the prospect that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation or glucocorticoid pharmacotherapy may compromise the normal activity-dependent interactions between oligodendrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Hinds
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lauren E. Chun
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Woodruff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Christensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Hartsock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
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164
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Wang SE, Ko SY, Jo S, Choi M, Lee SH, Jo HR, Seo JY, Lee SH, Kim YS, Jung SJ, Son H. TRPV1 Regulates Stress Responses through HDAC2. Cell Rep 2017; 19:401-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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165
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Powell TR, Murphy T, Lee SH, Price J, Thuret S, Breen G. Transcriptomic profiling of human hippocampal progenitor cells treated with antidepressants and its application in drug repositioning. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:338-345. [PMID: 28208023 PMCID: PMC5349314 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117691467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacological treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are ineffective in a significant proportion of patients, and the identification of new antidepressant compounds has been difficult. 'Connectivity mapping' is a method that can be used to identify drugs that elicit similar downstream effects on mRNA levels when compared to current treatments, and thus may point towards possible repositioning opportunities. We investigated genome-wide transcriptomic changes to human hippocampal progenitor cells treated with therapeutically relevant concentrations of a tricyclic antidepressant (nortriptyline) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (escitalopram). We identified mRNA changes common to both drugs to create an 'antidepressant mRNA signature'. We used this signature to probe the Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) and to identify other compounds that elicit similar changes to mRNA in neural progenitor cells. Results from LINCS revealed that the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine elicited mRNA changes most similar to our mRNA signature, and we identified W-7 and vorinostat as functionally relevant drug candidates, which may have repositioning potential. Our results are encouraging and represent the first attempt to use connectivity mapping for drug repositioning in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Powell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tytus Murphy
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sang H Lee
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maudsley Hospital and King’s College London, London, UK
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166
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Chen C, Nakagawa S, An Y, Ito K, Kitaichi Y, Kusumi I. The exercise-glucocorticoid paradox: How exercise is beneficial to cognition, mood, and the brain while increasing glucocorticoid levels. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 44:83-102. [PMID: 27956050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognition, mood, and the brain. However, exercise also activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increases levels of the glucocorticoid cortisol (CORT). CORT, also known as the "stress hormone," is considered a mediator between chronic stress and depression and to link various cognitive deficits. Here, we review the evidence that shows that while both chronic stress and exercise elevate basal CORT levels leading to increased secretion of CORT, the former is detrimental to cognition/memory, mood/stress coping, and brain plasticity, while the latter is beneficial. We propose three preliminary answers to the exercise-CORT paradox. Importantly, the elevated CORT, through glucocorticoid receptors, functions to elevate dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex under chronic exercise but not chronic stress, and the medial prefrontal dopamine is essential for active coping. Future inquiries may provide further insights to promote our understanding of this paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yan An
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Koki Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitaichi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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167
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Savoy C, Ferro MA, Schmidt LA, Saigal S, Van Lieshout RJ. Prenatal betamethasone exposure and psychopathology risk in extremely low birth weight survivors in the third and fourth decades of life. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 74:278-285. [PMID: 27693982 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mortality rates among extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants have declined since the advent of antenatal glucocorticoid use. However, the long term neuropsychiatric effects of exposure are not well understood. We utilized the world's oldest longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors to compare psychopathology over two decades in adulthood in those exposed to prenatal betamethasone and those who were not. METHODS ELBW survivors (n=179) and matched normal birth weight (NBW) controls (n=145) completed the Young Adult Self-Report questionnaire at 22-26 and 29-36 years, and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories at 29-36 years. Symptom levels and rates of clinically significant psychiatric problems were compared in ELBW survivors whose mothers were administered steroids during pregnancy (ELBW-S n=63), ELBW participants who were not (ELBW-NS, n=79), and NBW controls. RESULTS At 22-26, ELBW-S had higher levels of anxiety, depressive, and avoidant personality symptoms, and a 3 to 5-fold increase in the odds of clinically significant levels of these problems compared to NBW controls, whereas ELBW-NS did not. These associations were maintained at 29-36, when ELBW-S participants exhibited a 3 to 10-fold increase in the odds of clinically significant anxiety and avoidant personality problems compared to NBW controls. At both time points, the odds of clinically significant anxiety problems were more than 3 times higher among ELBW-S than in ELBW-NS. CONCLUSION ELBW adults exposed to prenatal betamethasone manifest higher levels of anxiety and depression than those who were not, and may represent a group of preterm survivors at particularly high psychiatric risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calan Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada.
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z, Canada
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168
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Hörster H, Garthe A, Walker TL, Ichwan M, Steiner B, Khan MA, lie DC, Nicola Z, Ramirez-Rodriguez G, Kempermann G. p27kip1 Is Required for Functionally Relevant Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice. Stem Cells 2016; 35:787-799. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hörster
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Garthe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Tara L. Walker
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Muhammad Ichwan
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Neurology; Charité University Medicine Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Muhammad Amir Khan
- Adult Neurogenesis Group, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich; Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Dieter Chichung lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen Germany
| | - Zeina Nicola
- CRTD - Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Gerardo Ramirez-Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis, Division of Clinical Investigations; National Institute of Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”; México D.F México
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden; Dresden Germany
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169
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Surget A, Van Nieuwenhuijzen PS, Heinzmann JM, Knapman A, McIlwrick S, Westphal WP, Touma C, Belzung C. Antidepressant treatment differentially affects the phenotype of high and low stress reactive mice. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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170
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Arango-Lievano M, Jeanneteau F. Timing and crosstalk of glucocorticoid signaling with cytokines, neurotransmitters and growth factors. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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171
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Bettio LE, Patten AR, Gil-Mohapel J, O’Rourke NF, Hanley RP, Kennedy S, Gopalakrishnan K, Rodrigues ALS, Wulff J, Christie BR. ISX-9 can potentiate cell proliferation and neuronal commitment in the rat dentate gyrus. Neuroscience 2016; 332:212-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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172
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Yuan SY, Liu J, Zhou J, Lu W, Zhou HY, Long LH, Hu ZL, Ni L, Wang Y, Chen JG, Wang F. AMPK Mediates Glucocorticoids Stress-Induced Downregulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cultured Rat Prefrontal Cortical Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159513. [PMID: 27513844 PMCID: PMC4981361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress induces altered energy metabolism and plays important roles in the etiology of depression, in which the glucocorticoid negative feedback is disrupted due to imbalanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) functions. The mechanism underlying the dysregulation of GR by chronic stress remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the key enzyme regulating cellular energy metabolism, and related signaling pathways in chronic stress-induced GR dysregulation. In cultured rat cortical astrocytes, glucocorticoid treatment decreased the level, which was accompanied by the decreased expression of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and reduced phosphorylation of AMPK. Glucocorticoid-induced effects were attenuated by glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, which also inhibited glucocorticoid induced phosphorylation of Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced down-regulation of GR was mimicked by the inhibition of AMPK and abolished by the AMPK activators or the histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) inhibitors. In line with the role of AMPK in GR expression, AMPK activator metformin reversed glucocorticoid-induced reduction of AMPK phosphorylation and GR expression as well as behavioral alteration of rats. Taken together, these results suggest that chronic stress activates SGK1 and suppresses the expression of LKB1 via inhibitory phosphorylation of FOXO3a. Downregulated LKB1 contributes to reduced activation of AMPK, leading to the dephosphorylation of HDAC5 and the suppression of transcription of GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Hong Long
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuang-Li Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhang K, Pan X, Wang F, Ma J, Su G, Dong Y, Yang J, Wu C. Baicalin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis via SGK1- and FKBP5-mediated glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in a neuroendocrine mouse model of anxiety/depression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30951. [PMID: 27502757 PMCID: PMC4977505 DOI: 10.1038/srep30951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants increase hippocampal neurogenesis by activating the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but excessive GR activation impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, suggesting that normal GR function is crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis. Baicalin was reported to regulate the expression of GR and facilitate hippocampal neurogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we used the chronic corticosterone (CORT)-induced mouse model of anxiety/depression to assess antidepressant-like effects of baicalin and illuminate possible molecular mechanisms by which baicalin affects GR-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis. We found that oral administration of baicalin (40, 80 or 160 mg/kg) for 4 weeks alleviated several chronic CORT-induced anxiety/depression-like behaviors. Baicalin also increased Ki-67- and DCX-positive cells to restore chronic CORT-induced suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. Moreover, baicalin normalized the chronic CORT-induced decrease in GR protein levels, the increase in GR nuclear translocation and the increase in GR phosphorylation at Ser203 and Ser211. Finally, chronic CORT exposure increased the level of FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5) and of phosphorylated serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) at Ser422 and Thr256, whereas baicalin normalized these changes. Together, our findings suggest that baicalin improves anxiety/depression-like behaviors and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis. We propose that baicalin may normalize GR function through SGK1- and FKBP5-mediated GR phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Guangyue Su
- Department of School of Functional Food And Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yingxu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
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174
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Watson HR, Ghani M, Correll T. Treatment Options for Individuals with PTSD and Concurrent TBI: A Literature Review and Case Presentation. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016; 18:63. [PMID: 27222137 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-016-0699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-studied mental health condition with existing guidelines and algorithms for treatment of PTSD. Those guidelines, while acknowledging an increased complexity, fail to provide clear PTSD treatment guidelines when an individual has a concurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis. Therefore, a literature review along with an accompanying case presentation is presented to demonstrate the minimum necessary considerations for approaching treatment of this complex population. Treatment approaches must be lead by providers that have the expertise and training necessary to consider all facets of the patient and their potential options. The provider must consider the pathophysiology of PTSD and TBI and be capable of leading a team to identify the patient's source(s) of dysfunction, current cognitive abilities, and potential indications for psychotropic medications and/or other types of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans R Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University-Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH, 45417-1461, USA.
| | - Musammar Ghani
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University-Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH, 45417-1461, USA
| | - Terry Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University-Boonshoft School of Medicine, 627 S. Edwin C. Moses Blvd, Dayton, OH, 45417-1461, USA
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175
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Chua TE, Allen JC, Ang L, Ong LL, Ch'ng YC, Chen H. Patterns and predictors of treatment outcome for antenatal major depression. Singapore Med J 2016; 58:642-648. [PMID: 27245863 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antenatal major depression is a relatively common and potentially debilitating illness, but knowledge of its treatment outcomes and strategies is still lacking. This study aimed to explore the clinical profiles and treatment outcomes of patients with antenatal major depression, to look for patterns and associations that could guide subsequent research and clinical applications. METHODS From May 2006 to November 2010, 118 consecutive patients with antenatal major depression were naturalistically assessed over eight months of individualised therapy, and their characteristics were assessed as potential predictors of treatment outcome. RESULTS All participants accepted supportive counselling and case management, although only 51 (43.2%) participants accepted low-dose antidepressant therapy. Overall, 95 (80.5%) of them were successfully discharged, while 12 (10.2%) required extended treatment into the postnatal period. An equation for prognosticating the need for extended treatment was obtained using multiple logistic regression analysis, which incorporated three predictors: previous depression (odds ratio [OR] 12.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40-110; p = 0.024); maternal age < 26 years or > 35 years (OR 6.88, 95% CI 1.67-28.4; p = 0.008); and no use of antidepressant (OR 6.94, 95% CI 0.79-60.9; p = 0.080). Among participants with previous depression and at either extreme of maternal age, the number needed to treat with antidepressants to avert extended treatment was three. CONCLUSION The majority of women with antenatal major depression recovered after receiving short-term treatment. Those with previous depression and who were of relative extreme maternal age were most likely to benefit from antidepressant treatment to expedite recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Ern Chua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - John Carson Allen
- Office of Clinical Sciences - Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Loretta Ang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Li Lian Ong
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ying Chia Ch'ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Postnatal Depression Intervention Programme, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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176
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Cattaneo A, Riva MA. Stress-induced mechanisms in mental illness: A role for glucocorticoid signalling. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 160:169-74. [PMID: 26241031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress represents the main environmental risk factor for mental illness. Exposure to stressful events, particularly early in life, has been associated with increased incidence and susceptibility of major depressive disorders as well as of other psychiatric illnesses. Among the key players in these events are glucocorticoid receptors. Dysfunctional glucocorticoid signalling may indeed contribute to psychopathology through a number of mechanisms that regulate the response to acute or chronic stress and that affect the function of genes and systems known to be relevant for mood disorders. Indeed, exposure to chronic stress early in life as well as in adulthood has been shown to reduce the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), also through epigenetic mechanisms, and to up-regulate the expression of the co-chaperone gene FKBP5, which restrains GR activity by limiting the translocation of the receptor complex to the nucleus. Another mechanism that contributes to changes in GR responsiveness is the state of receptor phosphorylation that controls activation, subcellular localization as well as its transcriptional activity. Moreover, GR phosphorylation may represent an important mechanism for the cross talk between neurotrophic signalling and GR-dependent transcription, bridging two important players for mood disorders. One gene that lies downstream from GR and may contribute to stress-related changes is serum glucocorticoid kinase-1 (SGK1). We have demonstrated that the expression of SGK1 is significantly increased after exposure to chronic stress in rodents as well as in the blood of drug-free depressed patients. We have also shown that SGK1 up-regulation may ultimately reduce hippocampal neurogenesis and contribute to the structural abnormalities that have been reported to occur in depressed patients. In summary, GR signalling may represent a point of convergence as well as of divergence for defects associated with pathologic conditions characterized by heightened vulnerability to stress. The characterization of these abnormalities is crucial to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention that may counteract more effectively stress-induced neurobiological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cattaneo
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, Brescia, Italy
| | - M A Riva
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan, Italy.
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177
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Mahmoud R, Wainwright SR, Galea LAM. Sex hormones and adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Regulation, implications, and potential mechanisms. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:129-52. [PMID: 26988999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis within the adult hippocampus is modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Here, we review the role of sex hormones in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in males and females. The review is framed around the potential functional implications of sex hormone regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, with a focus on cognitive function and mood regulation, which may be related to sex differences in incidence and severity of dementia and depression. We present findings from preclinical studies of endogenous fluctuations in sex hormones relating to reproductive function and ageing, and from studies of exogenous hormone manipulations. In addition, we discuss the modulating roles of sex, age, and reproductive history on the relationship between sex hormones and neurogenesis. Because sex hormones have diverse targets in the central nervous system, we overview potential mechanisms through which sex hormones may influence hippocampal neurogenesis. Lastly, we advocate for a more systematic consideration of sex and sex hormones in studying the functional implications of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Mahmoud
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven R Wainwright
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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178
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Glucocorticoids alter neuronal differentiation of human neuroepithelial-like cells by inducing long-lasting changes in the reactive oxygen species balance. Neuropharmacology 2016; 107:422-431. [PMID: 26992751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to excess glucocorticoid has been shown to have adverse effects on the developing nervous system that may lead to alterations of fetal and adult neurogenesis, resulting in behavioral changes. In addition, an imbalance of the redox state, with an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, has been observed in rodent neural stem cells exposed to the synthetic glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone (Dex). In the present study, we used the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC)-derived lt-NES AF22 cell line, representative of the neuroepithelial stage in central nervous system development, to investigate the heritable effects of Dex on reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance and its impact on neuronal differentiation. By analysing gene expression in daughter cells that were never directly exposed to Dex, we could observe a downregulation of four key antioxidant enzymes, namely Catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase7, along with an increased intracellular ROS concentration. The imbalance in the intracellular REDOX state was associated to a significant downregulation of major neuronal markers and a concomitant increase of glial cells. Interestingly, upon treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), the misexpression of both neuronal and glial markers analyzed was recovered. These novel findings point to the increased ROS concentration playing a direct role in the heritable alterations of the differentiation potential induced by Dex exposure. Moreover, the data support the hypothesis that early insults may have detrimental long-lasting consequences on neurogenesis. Based on the positive effects exerted by NAC, it is conceivable that therapeutic strategies including antioxidants may be effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that have been associated to increased ROS and impaired neurogenesis.
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179
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Anderberg RH, Richard JE, Hansson C, Nissbrandt H, Bergquist F, Skibicka KP. GLP-1 is both anxiogenic and antidepressant; divergent effects of acute and chronic GLP-1 on emotionality. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 65:54-66. [PMID: 26724568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), produced in the intestine and hindbrain, is known for its glucoregulatory and appetite suppressing effects. GLP-1 agonists are in clinical use for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. GLP-1, however, may also affect brain areas associated with emotionality regulation. Here we aimed to characterize acute and chronic impact of GLP-1 on anxiety and depression-like behavior. Rats were subjected to anxiety and depression behavior tests following acute or chronic intracerebroventricular or intra-dorsal raphe (DR) application of GLP-1 receptor agonists. Serotonin or serotonin-related genes were also measured in the amygdala, DR and the hippocampus. We demonstrate that both GLP-1 and its long lasting analog, Exendin-4, induce anxiety-like behavior in three rodent tests of this behavior: black and white box, elevated plus maze and open field test when acutely administered intraperitoneally, into the lateral ventricle, or directly into the DR. Acute central GLP-1 receptor stimulation also altered serotonin signaling in the amygdala. In contrast, chronic central administration of Exendin-4 did not alter anxiety-like behavior but significantly reduced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test. Importantly, this positive effect of Exendin-4 was not due to significant body weight loss and reduced food intake, since rats pair-fed to Exendin-4 rats did not show altered mood. Collectively we show a striking impact of central GLP-1 on emotionality and the amygdala serotonin signaling that is divergent under acute versus chronic GLP-1 activation conditions. We also find a novel role for the DR GLP-1 receptors in regulation of behavior. These results may have direct relevance to the clinic, and indicate that Exendin-4 may be especially useful for obese patients manifesting with comorbid depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita H Anderberg
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hansson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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180
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Smulevich AB, Dubnitskaya EB, Voronova EI, Morozova YV, Radaev SM. Efficiency of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depressions. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:583-8. [PMID: 26899842 PMCID: PMC7087609 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We studied the efficacy of umbilical cord blood cells in the therapy of treatment-resistant depressive states in women. Concentrated umbilical cord blood cells were administered in a dose of 250 millions cells (4 injections at 1-week intervals). The control group received placebo. In both groups, reduction of depressive disorders and the decrease in hypothymia severity were observed. Infusions of cell concentrate contributed to delayed correction of treatment resistance and reduced the severity of depression to moderate. In the main group, significant, persistent, and long-term positive dynamics was observed in the cognitive sphere. The therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood cell concentrate can be used to overcome treatment resistance formed in depressive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Smulevich
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E B Dubnitskaya
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - E I Voronova
- Research Center of Mental Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ya V Morozova
- Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S M Radaev
- CryoCenter Umbilical Cord Blood Bank, Moscow, Russia
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181
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Berberine up-regulates the BDNF expression in hippocampus and attenuates corticosterone-induced depressive-like behavior in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 614:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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182
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Yun S, Donovan MH, Ross MN, Richardson DR, Reister R, Farnbauch LA, Fischer SJ, Riethmacher D, Gershenfeld HK, Lagace DC, Eisch AJ. Stress-Induced Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Phenotype Associated with Transient Reduction in Neurogenesis in Adult Nestin-CreERT2/Diphtheria Toxin Fragment A Transgenic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147256. [PMID: 26795203 PMCID: PMC4721672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and anxiety involve hippocampal dysfunction, but the specific relationship between these mood disorders and adult hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis remains unclear. In both humans with MDD and rodent models of depression, administration of antidepressants increases DG progenitor and granule cell number, yet rodents with induced ablation of DG neurogenesis typically do not demonstrate depressive- or anxiety-like behaviors. The conflicting data may be explained by the varied duration and degree to which adult neurogenesis is reduced in different rodent neurogenesis ablation models. In order to test this hypothesis we examined how a transient–rather than permanent–inducible reduction in neurogenesis would alter depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. Transgenic Nestin-CreERT2/floxed diphtheria toxin fragment A (DTA) mice (Cre+DTA+) and littermates (Cre+DTA-; control) were given tamoxifen (TAM) to induce recombination and decrease nestin-expressing stem cells and their progeny. The decreased neurogenesis was transient: 12 days post-TAM Cre+DTA+ mice had fewer DG proliferating Ki67+ cells and fewer DCX+ neuroblasts/immature neurons relative to control, but 30 days post-TAM Cre+DTA+ mice had the same DCX+ cell number as control. This ability of DG neurogenesis to recover after partial ablation also correlated with changes in behavior. Relative to control, Cre+DTA+ mice tested between 12–30 days post-TAM displayed indices of a stress-induced anxiety phenotype–longer latency to consume highly palatable food in the unfamiliar cage in the novelty-induced hypophagia test, and a depression phenotype–longer time of immobility in the tail suspension test, but Cre+DTA+ mice tested after 30 days post-TAM did not. These findings suggest a functional association between adult neurogenesis and stress induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, where induced reduction in DCX+ cells at the time of behavioral testing is coupled with stress-induced anxiety and a depressive phenotype, and recovery of DCX+ cell number corresponds to normalization of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Yun
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Michele N. Ross
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Devon R. Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Robin Reister
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Laure A. Farnbauch
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Howard K. Gershenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Diane C. Lagace
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJE); (DCL)
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJE); (DCL)
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183
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Advances in Stem Cells Biology: New Approaches to Understand Depression. STEM CELLS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41603-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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184
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Belvederi Murri M, Prestia D, Mondelli V, Pariante C, Patti S, Olivieri B, Arzani C, Masotti M, Respino M, Antonioli M, Vassallo L, Serafini G, Perna G, Pompili M, Amore M. The HPA axis in bipolar disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:327-42. [PMID: 26547798 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on the role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD). METHODS Meta-analysis and meta-regression of case-control studies examining the levels of cortisol, ACTH, CRH levels. Systematic review of stress reactivity, genetic, molecular and neuroimaging studies related to HPA axis activity in BD. RESULTS Forty-one studies were included in the meta-analyses. BD was associated with significantly increased levels of cortisol (basal and post-dexamethasone) and ACTH, but not of CRH. In the meta-regression, case-control differences in cortisol levels were positively associated with the manic phase (p=0.005) and participants' age (p=0.08), and negatively with antipsychotics use (p=0.001). Reviewed studies suggest that BD is associated with abnormalities of stress-related molecular pathways in several brain areas. Variants of HPA axis-related genes seem not associated with a direct risk of developing BD, but with different clinical presentations. Also, studies on unaffected relatives suggest that HPA axis dysregulation is not an endophenotype of BD, but seems related to environmental risk factors, such as childhood trauma. Progressive HPA axis dysfunction is a putative mechanism that might underlie the clinical and cognitive deterioration of patients with BD. CONCLUSIONS BD is associated with dysfunction of HPA axis activity, with important pathophysiological implications. Targeting HPA axis dysfunctions might be a novel strategy to improve the outcomes of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Belvederi Murri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Davide Prestia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine Pariante
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Patti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Olivieri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Costanza Arzani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Mattia Masotti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Respino
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Antonioli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Linda Vassallo
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Perna
- San Benedetto Hospital, Hermanas Hospitalarias, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Albese con Cassano, Como, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Suicide Prevention Center, Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Infant-Maternal Science, University of Genoa, Italy
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185
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Gene-Stress-Epigenetic Regulation of FKBP5: Clinical and Translational Implications. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:261-74. [PMID: 26250598 PMCID: PMC4677131 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stress responses and related outcomes vary markedly across individuals. Elucidating the molecular underpinnings of this variability is of great relevance for developing individualized prevention strategies and treatments for stress-related disorders. An important modulator of stress responses is the FK506-binding protein 51 (FKBP5/FKBP51). FKBP5 acts as a co-chaperone that modulates not only glucocorticoid receptor activity in response to stressors but also a multitude of other cellular processes in both the brain and periphery. Notably, the FKBP5 gene is regulated via complex interactions among environmental stressors, FKBP5 genetic variants, and epigenetic modifications of glucocorticoid-responsive genomic sites. These interactions can result in FKBP5 disinhibition that has been shown to contribute to a number of aberrant phenotypes in both rodents and humans. Consequently, FKBP5 blockade may hold promise as treatment intervention for stress-related disorders, and recently developed selective FKBP5 blockers show encouraging results in vitro and in rodent models. Although risk for stress-related disorders is conferred by multiple environmental and genetic factors, the findings related to FKBP5 illustrate how a deeper understanding of the molecular and systemic mechanisms underlying specific gene-environment interactions may provide insights into the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders.
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186
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Keil MF, Briassoulis G, Stratakis CA, Wu TJ. Protein Kinase A and Anxiety-Related Behaviors: A Mini-Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:83. [PMID: 27445986 PMCID: PMC4925668 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the anxiety related to cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway that regulates stress responses. PKA regulates an array of diverse signals that interact with various neurotransmitter systems associated with alertness, mood, and acute and social anxiety-like states. Recent mouse studies support the involvement of the PKA pathway in common neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by heightened activation of the amygdala. The amygdala is critical for adaptive responses leading to fear learning and aberrant fear memory and its heightened activation is widely thought to underpin various anxiety disorders. Stress-induced plasticity within the amygdala is involved in the transition from normal vigilance responses to emotional reactivity, fear over-generalization, and deficits in fear inhibition resulting in pathological anxiety and conditions, such as panic and depression. Human studies of PKA signaling defects also report an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, learning disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. We speculate that the PKA system is uniquely suited for selective, molecularly targeted intervention that may be proven effective in anxiolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret F. Keil
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Margaret F. Keil, ; T. John Wu,
| | - George Briassoulis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- *Correspondence: Margaret F. Keil, ; T. John Wu,
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187
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Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis provides physiological adaptations to various environmental stimuli in mammals. These stimuli including maternal care, diet, immune challenge, stress, and others have the potential to stably modify or program the functioning of the HPA axis when experienced early in life or at later critical stages of development. Epigenetic mechanisms mediate the biological embedding of environmental stimuli or conditions. These changes are influenced by the genotype and both, environment and genotype contribute to the development of a specific phenotype with regard to the stress response that might be more susceptible or resilient to the development of mental conditions. The effects of stress might be a result of cumulative stress or a mismatch between the environments experienced early in life versus the conditions much later. These effects including the associated epigenetic modifications are potentially reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Buschdorf
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Canadian Neuroepigenetics Network, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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188
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Forkhead box O transcription factors as possible mediators in the development of major depression. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:527-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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189
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Li YC, Wang LL, Pei YY, Shen JD, Li HB, Wang BY, Bai M. Baicalin decreases SGK1 expression in the hippocampus and reverses depressive-like behaviors induced by corticosterone. Neuroscience 2015; 311:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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190
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Chaudhury D, Liu H, Han MH. Neuronal correlates of depression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4825-48. [PMID: 26542802 PMCID: PMC4709015 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder effecting approximately 121 million people worldwide and recent reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) suggest that it will be the leading contributor to the global burden of diseases. At present, the most commonly used treatment strategies are still based on the monoamine hypothesis that has been the predominant theory in the last 60 years. Clinical observations show that only a subset of depressed patients exhibits full remission when treated with classical monoamine-based antidepressants together with the fact that patients exhibit multiple symptoms suggest that the pathophysiology leading to mood disorders may differ between patients. Accumulating evidence indicates that depression is a neural circuit disorder and that onset of depression may be located at different regions of the brain involving different transmitter systems and molecular mechanisms. This review synthesises findings from rodent studies from which emerges a role for different, yet interconnected, molecular systems and associated neural circuits to the aetiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Chaudhury
- Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, Office 106, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - He Liu
- Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, Office 106, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Saadiyat Island Campus, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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191
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Malykhin N, Coupland N. Hippocampal neuroplasticity in major depressive disorder. Neuroscience 2015; 309:200-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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192
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Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Cell Cycle in Adult Neurogenesis and its Relation with Physical Exercise. Brain Plast 2015; 1:41-54. [PMID: 29765834 PMCID: PMC5928538 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-150013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain the neurogenesis is mainly restricted to two neurogenic regions: newly generated neurons arise at the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and at the subgranular zone of the hippocampal subregion named the dentate gyrus. The hippocampus is involved in learning and memory paradigms and the generation of new hippocampal neurons has been hypothesized to be a pivotal form of plasticity involved in the process. Moreover the dysregulation of hippocampal adult neurogenesis has been recognized and could anticipate several varieties of brain disease such as Alzheimer disease, epilepsy and depression. Over the last few decades numerous intrinsic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been revealed to deeply influence the process of adult neurogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Growing evidence indicates that physical exercise represents one of the main extrinsic factor able to profoundly increase hippocampal adult neurogenesis, by altering neurochemistry and function of newly generated neurons. The present review surveys how neurogenesis can be modulated by cell cycle kinetics and highlights the putative role of the cell cycle length as a key component of the beneficial effect of running for hippocampal adult neurogenesis, both in physiological conditions and in the presence of defective neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione S.Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Fondazione S.Lucia, Rome, Italy
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193
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Current Neurogenic and Neuroprotective Strategies to Prevent and Treat Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Neuromolecular Med 2015; 17:404-22. [PMID: 26374113 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-015-8369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adult central nervous system is commonly known to have a very limited regenerative capacity. The presence of functional stem cells in the brain can therefore be seen as a paradox, since in other organs these are known to counterbalance cell loss derived from pathological conditions. This fact has therefore raised the possibility to stimulate neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation or survival by either stem cell replacement therapy or direct administration of neurotrophic factors or other proneurogenic molecules, which in turn has also originated regenerative medicine for the treatment of otherwise incurable neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders that take a huge toll on society. This may be facilitated by the fact that many of these disorders converge on similar pathophysiological pathways: excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial failure, excessive intracellular calcium and apoptosis. This review will therefore focus on the most promising achievements in promoting neuroprotection and neuroregeneration reported to date.
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194
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Anderson GW, Deans PJM, Taylor RDT, Raval P, Chen D, Lowder H, Murkerji S, Andreae LC, Williams BP, Srivastava DP. Characterisation of neurons derived from a cortical human neural stem cell line CTX0E16. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:149. [PMID: 26296747 PMCID: PMC4546258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conditionally immortalised human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) represent a robust source of native neural cells to investigate physiological mechanisms in both health and disease. However, in order to recognise the utility of such cells, it is critical to determine whether they retain characteristics of their tissue of origin and generate appropriate neural cell types upon differentiation. To this end, we have characterised the conditionally immortalised, cortically-derived, human NPC line, CTX0E16, investigating the molecular and cellular phenotype of differentiated neurons to determine whether they possess characteristics of cortical glutamatergic neurons. Methods Differentiated CTX0E16 cells were characterised by assessing expression of several neural fates markers, and examination of developing neuronal morphology. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors, signalling proteins and related proteins were assessed by q- and RT-PCR and complemented by Ca2+ imaging, electrophysiology and assessment of ERK signalling in response to neurotransmitter ligand application. Finally, differentiated neurons were assessed for their ability to form putative synapses and to respond to activity-dependent stimulation. Results Differentiation of CTX0E16 hNPCs predominately resulted in the generation of neurons expressing markers of cortical and glutamatergic (excitatory) fate, and with a typical polarized neuronal morphology. Gene expression analysis confirmed an upregulation in the expression of cortical, glutamatergic and signalling proteins following differentiation. CTX0E16 neurons demonstrated Ca2+ and ERK1/2 responses following exogenous neurotransmitter application, and after 6 weeks displayed spontaneous Ca2+ transients and electrophysiological properties consistent with that of immature neurons. Differentiated CTX0E16 neurons also expressed a range of pre- and post-synaptic proteins that co-localized along distal dendrites, and moreover, displayed structural plasticity in response to modulation of neuronal activity. Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the CTX0E16 hNPC line is a robust source of cortical neurons, which display functional properties consistent with a glutamatergic phenotype. Thus CTX0E16 neurons can be used to study cortical cell function, and furthermore, as these neurons express a range of disease-associated genes, they represent an ideal platform with which to investigate neurodevelopmental mechanisms in native human cells in health and disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0136-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg W Anderson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - P J Michael Deans
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Ruth D T Taylor
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Pooja Raval
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Harrison Lowder
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Srishti Murkerji
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Laura C Andreae
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Brenda P Williams
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Deepak P Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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195
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Kino T. Stress, glucocorticoid hormones, and hippocampal neural progenitor cells: implications to mood disorders. Front Physiol 2015; 6:230. [PMID: 26347657 PMCID: PMC4541029 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its end-effectors glucocorticoid hormones play central roles in the adaptive response to numerous stressors that can be either internal or external. Thus, this system has a strong impact on the brain hippocampus and its major functions, such as cognition, memory as well as behavior, and mood. The hippocampal area of the adult brain contains neural stem cells or more committed neural progenitor cells, which retain throughout the human life the ability of self-renewal and to differentiate into multiple neural cell lineages, such as neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Importantly, these characteristic cells contribute significantly to the above-indicated functions of the hippocampus, while various stressors and glucocorticoids influence proliferation, differentiation, and fate of these cells. This review offers an overview of the current understanding on the interactions between the HPA axis/glucocorticoid stress-responsive system and hippocampal neural progenitor cells by focusing on the actions of glucocorticoids. Also addressed is a further discussion on the implications of such interactions to the pathophysiology of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshige Kino
- Division of Experimental Biology, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Sidra Medical and Research Center Doha, Qatar
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196
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Insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and elevated inflammation in coronary heart disease patients with comorbid depression. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 48:8-18. [PMID: 25683698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) and depression are very common and often co-existing disorders. In addition to psychological and social morbidity, depression exacerbates adverse cardiac outcomes in CHD patients. Inflammation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms involved in the association between these two debilitating diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate inflammatory responses as well as to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the putative inflammatory activation in CHD patients with and without depression, by assessing the function of two important biological factors regulating inflammation, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Eighty-three CHD patients with (n=28) and without (n=55) comorbid depression were recruited from primary care services in South London. Depression status was assessed by means of Clinical Interview Schedule Revised for diagnosis of depression, and Beck Depression Inventory for the presence of depressive symptoms. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and plasma and salivary cortisol were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Gene expression of GR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were conducted via qPCR. GR sensitivity was evaluated in vitro in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells using the dexamethasone inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-6 levels. Serum levels of kynurenine pathway metabolites were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Our results show that CHD patients with depression had higher levels of CRP, IL-6 gene expression, and VEGF compared with CHD non-depressed, as well as lower plasma and saliva cortisol levels. The CHD depressed group also exhibited a reduction in GR expression and sensitivity. Finally, tryptophan levels were significantly lower in patients with depression, who also showed an increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. In conclusion, CHD patients with depression had elevated levels of inflammation in the context of HPA axis hypoactivity, GR resistance, and increased activation of the kynurenine pathway. Reduced cortisol bioavailability and attenuated glucocorticoid responsiveness due to decreased expression and sensitivity of GR may lead to insufficient glucocorticoid signaling and thus elevation of inflammation in these patients.
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197
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Differences in Active Avoidance Conditioning in Male and Female Rats with Experimental Anxiety-Depressive Disorder. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015. [PMID: 26201906 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2956-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using rat model of experimental anxiety-depressive disorder caused by postnatal administration of methionyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, we compared conditioned active avoidance response and memory retention in males and females. In experimental males and females, conditioning was impaired in comparison with the control. In experimental groups, females were worse learners than males, while in control groups, females were better learners than males. Memory retention in experimental animals did not differ from that in controls 24 h after learning. Two months after learning, control females demonstrated better retention than control males.
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198
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Shin JY, Kong SY, Yoon HJ, Ann J, Lee J, Kim HJ. An Aminopropyl Carbazole Derivative Induces Neurogenesis by Increasing Final Cell Division in Neural Stem Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:313-9. [PMID: 26157546 PMCID: PMC4489824 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
P7C3 and its derivatives, 1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(p-tolylamino)propan-2-ol (1) and N-(3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (2), were previously reported to increase neurogenesis in rat neural stem cells (NSCs). Although P7C3 is known to increase neurogenesis by protecting newborn neurons, it is not known whether its derivatives also have protective effects to increase neurogenesis. In the current study, we examined how 1 induces neurogenesis. The treatment of 1 in NSCs increased numbers of cells in the absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), while not affecting those in the presence of growth factors. Compound 1 did not induce astrocytogenesis during NSC differentiation. 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) pulsing experiments showed that 1 significantly enhanced BrdU-positive neurons. Taken together, our data suggest that 1 promotes neurogenesis by the induction of final cell division during NSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
| | - Hye Jin Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular and Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756
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199
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Lin H, Fang H, Wang J, Meng Q, Dai X, Wu S, Luo J, Pu D, Chen L, Minick D, Arai K, Mandeville ET, Lo E, Holder JC, Chuang TT, Zhao J. Discovery of a novel 2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-1,4(6H)-dione series promoting neurogenesis of human neural progenitor cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3748-53. [PMID: 26142946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel neurogenic compound (1), discovered from a mouse neural progenitor cell (NPC) screen, showed profound neurogenic effect on human NPCs. Synthesis and SAR of this novel 2,3,11,11a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[1,2-b]isoquinoline-1,4(6H)-dione series are described. Compound 20 is brain penetrable in rodents, and promotes neurogenesis in wild type mice, therefore it is a good tool molecule to study neurogenesis induction as a potential treatment for conditions associated with neurogenesis impairment diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Haiyan Fang
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jamie Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xuedong Dai
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Sharon Wu
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Luo
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Dan Pu
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Libo Chen
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Douglas Minick
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, RTP, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eng Lo
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Julie C Holder
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Tsu Tshen Chuang
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jing Zhao
- Regenerative Medicine Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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200
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Psychiatric Disorders and Polyphenols: Can They Be Helpful in Therapy? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:248529. [PMID: 26180581 PMCID: PMC4477218 DOI: 10.1155/2015/248529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatric disorders permanently increases. Polyphenolic compounds can be involved in modulation of mental health including brain plasticity, behaviour, mood, depression, and cognition. In addition to their antioxidant ability other biomodulating properties have been observed. In the pathogenesis of depression disturbance in neurotransmitters, increased inflammatory processes, defects in neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and redox imbalance are observed. Ginkgo biloba, green tea, and Quercus robur extracts and curcumin can affect neuronal system in depressive patients. ADHD patients treated with antipsychotic drugs, especially stimulants, report significant adverse effects; therefore, an alternative treatment is searched for. An extract from Ginkgo biloba and from Pinus pinaster bark, Pycnogenol, could become promising complementary supplements in ADHD treatment. Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder, with oxidative stress involved in its pathophysiology. The direct interference of polyphenols with schizophrenia pathophysiology has not been reported yet. However, increased oxidative stress caused by haloperidol was inhibited ex vivo by different polyphenols. Curcumin, extract from green tea and from Ginkgo biloba, may have benefits on serious side effects associated with administration of neuroleptics to patients suffering from schizophrenia. Polyphenols in the diet have the potential to become medicaments in the field of mental health after a thorough study of their mechanism of action.
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