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Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Ruiz S, Pozo F, del Pozo V, Remedios L, Exposito N, Tellez A, Casas I. Role of viral coinfections in asthma development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189083. [PMID: 29206851 PMCID: PMC5716580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral respiratory infections, especially acute bronchiolitis, play a key role in the development of asthma in childhood. However, most studies have focused on respiratory syncytial virus or rhinovirus infections and none of them have compared the long-term evolution of single versus double or multiple viral infections. Objective Our aim was to compare the frequency of asthma development at 6–8 years in children with previous admission for bronchiolitis associated with single versus double or multiple viral infection. Patients & methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 244 children currently aged 6–8 years, previously admitted due to bronchiolitis between September 2008 and December 2011. A structured clinical interview and the ISAAC questionnaire for asthma symptoms for 6-7-year-old children, were answered by parents by telephone. Specimens of nasopharyngeal aspirate for virological study (polymerase chain reaction) and clinical data were prospectively taken during admission for bronchiolitis. Results Median current age at follow-up was 7.3 years (IQR: 6.7–8.1). The rate of recurrent wheezing was 82.7% in the coinfection group and 69.7% in the single-infection group, p = 0.06. The number of wheezing-related admissions was twice as high in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.004. Regarding the ISAAC questionnaire, 30.8% of coinfections versus 15% of single infections, p = 0.01, presented “wheezing in the last 12 months”, data that strongly correlate with current prevalence of asthma. “Dry cough at night” was also reported more frequently in coinfections than in single infections, p = 0.02. The strongest independent risk factors for asthma at 6–8 years of age were: age > 9 months at admission for bronchiolitis (OR: 3.484; CI95%: 1.459–8.317, p:0.005), allergic rhinitis (OR: 5.910; 95%CI: 2.622–13.318, p<0.001), and viral coinfection-bronchiolitis (OR: 3.374; CI95%: 1.542–7.386, p:0.01). Conclusions Asthma at 6–8 years is more frequent and severe in those children previously hospitalized with viral coinfection-bronchiolitis compared with those with single infection. Allergic rhinitis and older age at admission seem also to be strong independent risk factors for asthma development in children previously hospitalised because of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Garcia-Garcia
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Traslational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research)
- Pediatrics Department, La Paz Hospital, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Ruiz
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pozo
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Remedios
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Exposito
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Tellez
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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McKnight CG, Morris SC, Perkins C, Zhu Z, Hildeman DA, Bendelac A, Finkelman FD. NKT cells contribute to basal IL-4 production but are not required to induce experimental asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188221. [PMID: 29182669 PMCID: PMC5705134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-deficiency results in a selective deletion of NKT cells in mice that is reported to prevent murine allergic airway disease (AAD). Because we find 2–3 fold lower basal IL-4 production in CD1d- mice than in wild-type (WT) mice, we hypothesized that the contribution made by NKT cells to AAD would depend on the strength of the stimulus used to induce the disease. Consequently, we compared CD1d-deficient mice to WT mice in the development of AAD, using several models of disease induction that differed in the type and dose of allergen, the site of sensitization and the duration of immunization. Surprisingly we found equivalent allergic inflammation and airway disease in WT and CD1d- mice in all models investigated. Consistent with this, NKT cells constituted only ~2% of CD4+ T cells in the lungs of mice with AAD, and IL-4-transcribing NKT cells did not expand with disease induction. Concerned that the congenital absence of NKT cells might have caused a compensatory shift within the immune response, we administered an anti-CD1d monoclonal Ab (mAb) to block NKT function before airway treatments, before or after systemic sensitization to antigen. Such Ab treatment did not affect disease severity. We suggest that the differences reported in the literature regarding the significance of NKT cells in the induction of allergic airway disease may have less to do with the methods used to study the disease and more to do with the animals themselves and/or the facilities used to house them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. McKnight
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzanne C. Morris
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Charles Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhenqi Zhu
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Albert Bendelac
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fred D. Finkelman
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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Nam SY, Han NR, Rah SY, Seo Y, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia scoparia and its active constituent, 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid against activated mast cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 40:52-58. [PMID: 29172841 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1405438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. (AS) has been used to treat inflammation, urticaria and hepatitis. However, the scientific studies of AS and its active compound for inflammatory reactions in activated human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells have not yet been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we isolated 3,5-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (DEQA) from AS butanol fraction. The anti-inflammatory effect of AS and its new active compound, DEQA was examined in HMC-1 cells by studying the following markers: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 secretion and mRNA expression by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. Furthermore, mechanism related to anti-inflammatory was examined by Western blotting. RESULTS We reported that AS and its new active compound, DEQA significantly reduced TSLP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production levels through the reduction of caspase-1 activity. The mRNA expression of these inflammatory cytokine was also reduced via blocking nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation by AS and DEQA. In addition, AS significantly reduced phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase level and DEQA significantly reduced both phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase and -p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase levels. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, these results indicated that AS and its active compound, DEQA may improve mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Nam
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- b Department of Biochemistry , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwan Seo
- c Division of Marine Environment & Bioscience , Korea Maritime University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- d Department of Food Science & Technology , Hoseo University , Asan , Republic of Korea
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Verma M, Liu S, Michalec L, Sripada A, Gorska MM, Alam R. Experimental asthma persists in IL-33 receptor knockout mice because of the emergence of thymic stromal lymphopoietin-driven IL-9 + and IL-13 + type 2 innate lymphoid cell subpopulations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:793-803.e8. [PMID: 29132961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-33 plays an important role in the development of experimental asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to study the role of the IL-33 receptor suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in the persistence of asthma in a mouse model. METHODS We studied allergen-induced experimental asthma in ST2 knockout (KO) and wild-type control mice. We measured airway hyperresponsiveness by using flexiVent; inflammatory indices by using ELISA, histology, and real-time PCR; and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in lung single-cell preparations by using flow cytometry. RESULTS Airway hyperresponsiveness was increased in allergen-treated ST2 KO mice and comparable with that in allergen-treated wild-type control mice. Peribronchial and perivascular inflammation and mucus production were largely similar in both groups. Persistence of experimental asthma in ST2 KO mice was associated with an increase in levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-9, and IL-13, but not IL-5, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Expectedly, ST2 deletion caused a reduction in IL-13+ CD4 T cells, forkhead box P3-positive regulatory T cells, and IL-5+ ILC2s. Unexpectedly, ST2 deletion led to an overall increase in innate lymphoid cells (CD45+lin-CD25+ cells) and IL-13+ ILC2s, emergence of a TSLP receptor-positive IL-9+ ILC2 population, and an increase in intraepithelial mast cell numbers in the lung. An anti-TSLP antibody abrogated airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and mucus production in allergen-treated ST2 KO mice. It also caused a reduction in innate lymphoid cell, ILC2, and IL-9+ and IL-13+ ILC2 numbers in the lung. CONCLUSIONS Genetic deletion of the IL-33 receptor paradoxically increases TSLP production, which stimulates the emergence of IL-9+ and IL-13+ ILC2s and mast cells and leads to development of chronic experimental asthma. An anti-TSLP antibody abrogates all pathologic features of asthma in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Sucai Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Lidia Michalec
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Cytobiology and Proteomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anand Sripada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Magdalena M Gorska
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colo.
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Chen ZG, Meng P, Li HT, Li M, Yang LF, Yan Y, Li YT, Zou XL, Wang DY, Zhang TT. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contribution to the recruitment of circulating fibrocytes to the lung in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma. J Asthma 2017; 55:975-983. [PMID: 28972433 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1386213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Fibrocyte localization to the airways and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) overexpression in the lung are features of severe asthma. The aim of this study was to determine whether TSLP contributes to fibrocyte trafficking and airway remodeling in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods: We established a chronic asthma animal model by administering house dust mite (HDM) extracts intranasally for up to 5 consecutive weeks. Mouse anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) was given intraperitoneally starting the 4th week. Fluorescence-labeled CD34/collagen I (Col I)-dual-positive fibrocytes were examined by confocal microscopy. The level of TGF-β1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was determined by ELISA. Results: We found significantly increased levels of TSLP and TGF-β1 in the lung of the mice subjected to repeated allergen exposure, which was accompanied by increased number of fibrocytes in the sub-epithelial zone and the BAL fluid. However, blocking TSLP markedly decreased the production of TGF-β1, reduced the number of fibrocytes and subsequently prevented alterations of both airway and vascular structures. Conclusions: Our data suggested that TSLP might function in airway remodeling by promoting circulating fibrocyte recruitment to the lung in the mice subjected to chronic allergen exposure. These results provide a better rationale for targeting the interaction between TSLP and fibrocytes as a therapeutic approach for chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Gui Chen
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Meng
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ming Li
- c Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Li-Fen Yang
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan Yan
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ya-Ting Li
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- d Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Górska K, Nejman-Gryz P, Paplińska-Goryca M, Proboszcz M, Krenke R. Comparison of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Concentration in Various Human Biospecimens from Asthma and COPD Patients Measured with Two Different ELISA Kits. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 955:19-27. [PMID: 27757939 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) seems a promising asthma biomarker. In earlier studies, mainly the serum concentration of TSLP was investigated. The aim of the present study was to compare the TSLP concentration measured by two different ELISA kits in the serum, induced sputum, and exhaled breath condensate in asthma, COPD, and control subjects. The study included 24 asthmatics, 36 patients with COPD, and 12 controls. TSLP concentration was measured with the use of R&D and EIAab commercial ELISA kits. The results obtained with the EIAab kit were 3 to even 45-fold higher than those measured with the R&D kit. Significant differences between the investigated groups were found only for the TSLP concentration in induced sputum. When the R&D kit was used, the highest TSLP levels in induced sputum were found in asthmatics, while the EIAab kit showed the highest TSLP levels in controls. The distribution of results in the Bland-Altman plot was typical for a proportional constant error. TSP concentration in induced sputum might be a more reliable asthma biomarker than serum TSLP. We conclude that TSLP level is highly dependent on the ELISA kit used for the measurement. Thus, judgement on TSLP results obtained with different assays might be confusing and lead to wrong conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Górska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Nejman-Gryz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Proboszcz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Krenke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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Park S, Park Y, Son SH, Lee K, Jung YW, Lee KY, Jeon YH, Byun Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of peptide-derived TSLP inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4710-4713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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159
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Inhaled Fine Particles Induce Alveolar Macrophage Death and Interleukin-1α Release to Promote Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Formation. Immunity 2017; 45:1299-1310. [PMID: 28002730 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Particulate pollution is thought to function as an adjuvant that can induce allergic responses. However, the exact cell types and immunological factors that initiate the lung-specific immune responses are unclear. We found that upon intratracheal instillation, particulates such as aluminum salts and silica killed alveolar macrophages (AMs), which then released interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and caused inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation in the lung. IL-1α release continued for up to 2 weeks after particulate exposure, and type-2 allergic immune responses were induced by the inhalation of antigen during IL-1α release and iBALT formation, even long after particulate instillation. Recombinant IL-1α was sufficient to induce iBALTs, which coincided with subsequent immunoglobulin E responses, and IL-1-receptor-deficient mice failed to induce iBALT formation. Therefore, the AM-IL-1α-iBALT axis might be a therapeutic target for particulate-induced allergic inflammation.
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160
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Mitchell PD, El-Gammal AI, O'Byrne PM. Anti-IgE and Biologic Approaches for the Treatment of Asthma. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 237:131-152. [PMID: 27864676 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current asthma treatments are effective for the majority of patients with mild-to-moderate disease. However, in those with more severe refractory asthma, agents other than inhaled corticosteroids and beta-agonists are needed both to better manage this group of patients and to avoid the side effects of high-dose corticosteroids and the social and personal hardship endured. Several biological pathways have been targeted over the last 20 years, and this research has resulted in pharmacological approaches to attempt to better treat patients with severe refractory asthma. The flagship of the biologics, the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, omalizumab, has proven efficacious in selected subgroups of asthma patients. Tailoring asthma treatments to suit specific subtypes of asthma patients is in keeping with ideals of personalized medicine. Research in the complex interplay of allergens, epithelial host defenses, cytokines, and innate and adaptive immunity interactions has allowed better understanding of the mechanics of allergy and inflammation in asthma. As a result, new biologic treatments have been developed that target several different phenotypes and endotypes in asthma. As knowledge of the efficacy of these biological agents in asthma emerges, as well as the type of patients in whom they are most beneficial, the movement toward personalized asthma treatment will follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D Mitchell
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amani I El-Gammal
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul M O'Byrne
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health and the Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Deficiency of KLF4 compromises the lung function in an acute mouse model of allergic asthma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:598-603. [PMID: 28867182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and the mechanisms are not fully understood. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of monocytes, granulocyte and myeloid cells at early stage of differentiation. They possess phenotypic plasticity and regulate airway inflammation. We recently reported that Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) regulates MDSC differentiation into fibrocytes, emerging effectors in chronic inflammation. However, the role of KLF4 in asthma is not known. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine and a key initiator of allergic airway inflammation. Given the fact that TSLP promotes Th2 cytokine production that increases MDSC differentiation into fibrocytes, we postulate that KLF4 regulates asthma in a TSLP-dependent manner. In this study, we utilized a model of allergic asthma with ovalbumin challenge (OVA). We found that upon OVA treatment the wild type mice had increased MDSC infiltration into the lung, up-regulation of KLF4 and TSLP gene expression, and higher levels of Th2 cytokines including IL4 and IL13. Consistently, lack of KLF4 expression in monocytes and lung epithelial cells resulted in decreased TSLP expression and lower levels of Th2 cytokines in mice, and fibrocyte generation was compromised. KLF4 deficiency in these cells also led to decreased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a cardinal feature of asthma, as assessed by whole body plethysmography. Moreover, lung fibrosis as measured by trichome staining was attenuated and the population of CD45 + COL1A1+ fibrocytes was diminished in this setting. Together, our results suggest that KLF4 regulates asthma development in a TSLP- and fibrocyte-dependent manner.
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162
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Homeostatic control of metabolic and functional fitness of T reg cells by LKB1 signalling. Nature 2017; 548:602-606. [PMID: 28847007 PMCID: PMC5804356 DOI: 10.1038/nature23665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis1,2. Transcriptional programming of regulatory mechanisms facilitates Treg cell functional activation in the prevention of diverse types of inflammatory responses3,4. How Treg cells orchestrate their homeostasis and interplay with environmental signals remains poorly understood. Here we show that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) programs proper metabolic and functional fitness of Treg cells in the control of immune tolerance and homeostasis. Mice with Treg-specific deletion of LKB1 developed a fatal inflammatory disease characterized by excessive TH2-dominant responses. LKB1 deficiency disrupted Treg cell survival and mitochondrial fitness and metabolism, but also induced aberrant expression of immune regulatory molecules including the negative co-receptor PD-1, and TNF receptor (TNRF) superfamily proteins GITR and OX40. Unexpectedly, LKB1 function in Treg cells was independent of conventional AMPK signaling or the mTORC1-HIF-1α axis, but contributed to the activation of β-catenin signaling for the proper control of PD-1 and TNFR proteins. Blockade of PD-1 activity reinvigorated the suppressive capability of LKB1-deficient Treg cells in the repression of TH2 responses and the interplay with thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-primed dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, Treg cells employ LKB1 signaling to coordinate their metabolic and immunological homeostasis and to prevent apoptotic and functional exhaustion, thereby orchestrating the balance between immunity and tolerance.
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163
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Ignacio A, Breda CNS, Camara NOS. Innate lymphoid cells in tissue homeostasis and diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:979-989. [PMID: 28878863 PMCID: PMC5569277 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i23.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells. They are a part of the innate immune system, but develop from the lymphoid lineage. They lack pattern-recognition receptors and rearranged receptors, and therefore cannot directly mediate antigen specific responses. The progenitors specifically associated with the ILCs lineage have been uncovered, enabling the distinction between ILCs and natural killer cells. Based on the requirement of specific transcription factors and their patterns of cytokine production, ILCs are categorized into three subsets (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3). First observed in mucosal surfaces, these cell populations interact with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells throughout the body during homeostasis and diseases, promoting immunity, commensal microbiota tolerance, tissue repair and inflammation. Over the last 8 years, ILCs came into the spotlight as an essential cell type able to integrate diverse host immune responses. Recently, it became known that ILC subsets play a key role in immune responses at barrier surfaces, interacting with the microbiota, nutrients and metabolites. Since the liver receives the venous blood directly from the intestinal vein, the intestine and liver are essential to maintain tolerance and can rapidly respond to infections or tissue damage. Therefore, in this review, we discuss recent findings regarding ILC functions in homeostasis and disease, with a focus on the intestine and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ignacio
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Naffah Souza Breda
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil.
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164
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Wang H, Lin J, Zeng L, Ouyang C, Ran P, Yang P, Liu Z. Der f 31, a novel allergen from Dermatophagoides farinae, activates epithelial cells and enhances lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8519. [PMID: 28819104 PMCID: PMC5561047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cell-derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 can enhance lung-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and they play an important role in the development of allergic diseases. This study tests the hypothesis that Der f 31 (Dermatophagoides farinae-31), an allergen, modulates airway epithelial cell functions and increases the frequency of lung ILC2s. Our previous research identified cofilin (Der f 31) as a novel allergen. In this study, we found that recombinant Der f 31 (r-Der f 31) upregulated the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in DCs and promoted Th2-skewed polarization. The levels of TSLP and IL-33 in epithelial cells were upregulated by r-Der f 31 via the activation of Toll-like receptor 2. Furthermore, in in vivo studies, r-Der f 31 induced eosinophil-like airway allergy and increased the number of lung-resident ILC2s. In summary, Der f 31 can modulate the functions of airway epithelial cells and increase levels of lung-resident ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianli Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunyan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Pingchang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China. .,Luohu District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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165
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Zhang Y, Wu L, Yu J, Mei J, Yi Y, Chen J, Ying G. Preparation of recombinant human thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:934-938. [PMID: 28816641 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1365242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin (hTSLP) protein plays a central role in inflammation. Characterizing properties of hTSLP requires a recombinant overexpression system that produces correctly folded, active hTSLP. In this report, an efficient overexpression system for the production of hTSLP was developed. We constructed expression plasmids of the full-length hTslp gene with or without the signal peptide and transformed the plasmids into Escherichia coli. The design of the recombinant proteins included an N-terminal His-tag, which facilitated purification. An affinity gradient elution method was used to improve recovery and concentration levels of denatured hTSLP, with 90% purity observed following affinity chromatography. Refolding of the denatured hTSLP was tested using four different protein refolding approaches. The optimal refolding conditions involved stepwise buffer exchanges to reduce the urea concentration from 4 to 0 M in 50 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 1 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol, 400 mM L-Arg, 0.2 mM oxidized glutathione, and 2 mM reduced glutathione. The activity of the refolded recombinant hTSLP protein was measured by an ELISA assay. Interestingly, the presence of N-terminal signal peptide inhibited the overexpression of hTSLP in E. coli. The amount of recombinant hTSLP protein purified reached a level of 2.52 × 10-3 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Liehua Wu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jingai Yu
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - JianFeng Mei
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yu Yi
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - JianShu Chen
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
| | - Guoqing Ying
- a College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , China
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166
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Soumelis V. Molecular and cellular discoveries in inflammatory dermatoses. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31 Suppl 5:3-7. [PMID: 28805939 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It was no earlier than 1986 that T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells were described for the first time, opening the field of lymphocyte diversity and the investigation of the physiopathology of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Since that time, much research has been carried out showing a very complex communication network leading to inflammatory responses. Nowadays, understanding the cellular and molecular components of the inflammatory network and of the different crosstalks not only for groups of diseases but also for the individual patient is mandatory for developing and personalizing treatments. The aim of the present proceeding was to provide an update concerning some of the most recent molecular and cellular discoveries in inflammatory skin diseases and especially of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soumelis
- Department of Immunology, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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167
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Dhariwal J, Cameron A, Trujillo-Torralbo MB, Del Rosario A, Bakhsoliani E, Paulsen M, Jackson DJ, Edwards MR, Rana BMJ, Cousins DJ, Hansel TT, Johnston SL, Walton RP. Mucosal Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Key Component of the Allergic Response to Aeroallergens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:1586-1596. [PMID: 28085492 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201609-1846oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Newly characterized type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) display potent type 2 effector functionality; however, their contribution to allergic airways inflammation and asthma is poorly understood. Mucosal biopsy used to characterize the airway mucosa is invasive, poorly tolerated, and does not allow for sequential sampling. OBJECTIVES To assess the role of ILC2s during nasal allergen challenge in subjects with allergic rhinitis using novel noninvasive methodology. METHODS We used a human experimental allergen challenge model, with flow cytometric analysis of nasal curettage samples, to assess the recruitment of ILC2s and granulocytes to the upper airways of subjects with atopy and healthy subjects after allergen provocation. Soluble mediators in the nasal lining fluid were measured using nasosorption. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After an allergen challenge, subjects with atopy displayed rapid induction of upper airway symptoms, an enrichment of ILC2s, eosinophils, and neutrophils, along with increased production of IL-5, prostaglandin D2, and eosinophil and T-helper type 2 cell chemokines compared with healthy subjects. The most pronounced ILC2 recruitment was observed in subjects with elevated serum IgE and airway eosinophilia. CONCLUSIONS The rapid recruitment of ILC2s to the upper airways of allergic patients with rhinitis, and their association with key type 2 mediators, highlights their likely important role in the early allergic response to aeroallergens in the airways. The novel methodology described herein enables the analysis of rare cell populations from noninvasive serial tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Dhariwal
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aoife Cameron
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Belen Trujillo-Torralbo
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajerico Del Rosario
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eteri Bakhsoliani
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Malte Paulsen
- 3 St. Mary's Flow Cytometry Core Facility, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Jackson
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.,4 Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Batika M J Rana
- 5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - David J Cousins
- 2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.,5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and.,6 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Leicester Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor T Hansel
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross P Walton
- 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.,2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
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168
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Shibata T, Ato M. A critical role of Gas6/Axl signal in allergic airway responses during RSV vaccine-enhanced disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:906-915. [PMID: 28722020 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common virus that causes lower respiratory infections across a wide range of ages. A licensed RSV vaccine is not available because vaccination with formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) and the subsequent RSV infection cause not only insufficient induction of neutralizing antibodies but also severe allergic airway responses, termed FI-RSV vaccine-enhanced disease (FI-RSV VED). However, the underlying mechanism has not been identified, although a Th2-biased immune response is known to be a hallmark of this disease. Our previous studies have shown that growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)/Axl signaling leads to Th2-biased immune responses during fungus-induced allergic airway inflammation. Here, we show that Gas6/Axl signaling also leads to FI-RSV VED and partially identify the mechanism in mice. Inhibiting Gas6/Axl signaling using Gas6-deficient mice, neutralizing antibodies, and a specific inhibitor of Axl attenuated allergic airway hyperresponsiveness, including airway inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2 cytokine production, in addition to increasing interferon-γ levels and the production of RSV-neutralizing IgG2a in FI-RSV VED. Gas6 was produced in lymph nodes during immunization with FI-RSV. Lymph node cells derived from immunized mice produced high levels of Gas6 and Th2 cytokines, but not IFN-γ, after restimulation with RSV. Finally, we found that dendritic cells stimulated with RSV-glycoprotein (G protein) produced Gas6 and that Axl signaling suppressed DC maturation and the induction of IL-12 production by the toll-like receptor 4 agonist RSV-fusion protein. Taken together, these results indicate that RSV-G protein-induced Gas6/Axl signaling causes allergic airway responses during FI-RSV VED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Shibata
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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169
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Chai R, Liu B, Qi F. The significance of the levels of IL-4, IL-31 and TLSP in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:331-337. [PMID: 28303765 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the clinical significance of the levels of IL-4, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TLSP) in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis, then do the simple verification in animals. METHODS Levels of IL-4 IL-31, IL-33 and TLSP were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR in 64 asthma patients (sIgE[+]: 32 cases, sIgE[-]: 32 cases), 64 rhinitis patients (sIgE[+]: 32 cases, sIgE[-]: 32 cases), 64 asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis patients (sIgE[+]: 32 cases, sIgE[-]: 32 cases) and 32 healthy controls. Then we detected the IL-4, IL-31, IL-33 and TLSP in the sensitized mice. RESULTS Results showed that levels of IL-4, IL-31, IL-33 and TSLP in asthma and rhinitis patients, and those complicated with allergic rhinitis, had significant differences compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It was found that the indicators of mugwort and dust mite allergic patients were significantly higher than that of other allergic patients (p < 0.05). We got the same tendency in in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION IL-4, IL-31, IL-33 and TSLP may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma and rhinitis; dust mite and mugwort allergy could increase them significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Chai
- Department of immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110010, China
| | - Beixing Liu
- Department of immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110010, China
| | - Feifei Qi
- Department of immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110010, China
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170
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Zicari AM, Occasi F, Di Fraia M, Mainiero F, Porzia A, Galandrini R, Giuffrida A, Bosco D, Bertin S, Duse M. Local allergic rhinitis in children: Novel diagnostic features and potential biomarkers. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017; 30:329-34. [PMID: 27657898 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local allergic rhinitis (LAR) is a phenotype of rhinitis that has been poorly studied in children. It is characterized by the same symptoms of allergic rhinitis but with the absence of markers of systemic atopy. OBJECTIVE To identify children affected by LAR and to analyze the pathogenesis of this disease. We chose to focus our attention on interleukin (IL) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). METHODS We enrolled 20 children affected by nonallergic rhinitis (negative skin-prick test results and serum specific immunoglobulin E [sIgE] values). Each patient underwent a nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) with dust mite and grass pollen. Before and after NAPT, nasal lavage was performed to detect sIgE, IL-5, and TSLP; anterior active rhinomanometry was used to evaluate changes in nasal obstruction. RESULTS Two patients were positive to a nonspecific NAPT and, thus, were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 18 children, 12 (66.7%) had positive results to at least one NAPT. Among these 12 patients, nasal sIgE levels for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and Lolium perenne increased significantly after NAPT (D. pteronyssinus, p < 0.005; D. farinae, p < 0.05; L. perenne, p < 0.05). Nasal IL-5 levels showed a significant increase after NAPT (p ≤ 0.006), and this increase was significantly higher in children who had positive NAPT results than in those patients with negative NAPT results (p ≤ 0.03). Among the 12 children who had a positive NAPT result, nasal TSLP was detected in 4 patients (33.3%) and its levels showed a relevant increase after NAPT, even though the difference did not reach statistical significance (p ≤ 0.061). CONCLUSION Observed results raise the importance of better refining the diagnostic protocol for LAR in children. Nasal TSLP and IL-5 levels offer new insights concerning localized allergic inflammation, although the role of nasal sIgE has still to be clarified.
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171
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Han M, Rajput C, Hong JY, Lei J, Hinde JL, Wu Q, Bentley JK, Hershenson MB. The Innate Cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP Cooperate in the Induction of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Expansion and Mucous Metaplasia in Rhinovirus-Infected Immature Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1308-1318. [PMID: 28701507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-life respiratory viral infection is a risk factor for asthma development. Rhinovirus (RV) infection of 6-d-old mice, but not mature mice, causes mucous metaplasia and airway hyperresponsiveness that are associated with the expansion of lung type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and are dependent on IL-13 and the innate cytokine IL-25. However, contributions of the other innate cytokines, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), to the observed asthma-like phenotype have not been examined. We reasoned that IL-33 and TSLP expression are also induced by RV infection in immature mice and are required for maximum ILC2 expansion and mucous metaplasia. We inoculated 6-d-old BALB/c (wild-type) and TSLP receptor-knockout mice with sham HeLa cell lysate or RV. Selected mice were treated with neutralizing Abs to IL-33 or recombinant IL-33, IL-25, or TSLP. ILC2s were isolated from RV-infected immature mice and treated with innate cytokines ex vivo. RV infection of 6-d-old mice increased IL-33 and TSLP protein abundance. TSLP expression was localized to the airway epithelium, whereas IL-33 was expressed in epithelial and subepithelial cells. RV-induced mucous metaplasia, ILC2 expansion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and epithelial cell IL-25 expression were attenuated by anti-IL-33 treatment and in TSLP receptor-knockout mice. Administration of intranasal IL-33 and TSLP was sufficient for mucous metaplasia. Finally, TSLP was required for maximal ILC2 gene expression in response to IL-25 and IL-33. The generation of mucous metaplasia in immature RV-infected mice involves a complex interplay among the innate cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Charu Rajput
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Jun Y Hong
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Joanna L Hinde
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - J Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and .,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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172
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The potential protective role of taurine against experimental allergic inflammation. Life Sci 2017; 184:18-24. [PMID: 28694089 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Taurine has been widely evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent in chronic inflammatory disorders and various infections. However, the potential role of taurine in regulating allergic inflammatory responses is currently unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro effects of taurine on the levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of caspase-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB as well as the phosphorylations of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-triggered human mast cell line, HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, we assessed the therapeutic effects of taurine on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) animal models. KEY FINDINGS AND SIGNIFICANCE Here, the obtained results showed that taurine dose-dependently inhibited the production and mRNA expression of TSLP and pro-inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells exposed to PMACI. Taurine attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 in activated HMC-1 cells. Moreover, taurine brought a significant inhibition of the activities of NF-κB and caspase-1. In an OVA-induced AR animal model, the increased levels of nose rubbing, histamine, immunoglobulin E, TSLP, and interleukin IL-1β were dramatically reduced by the administration of taurine. In summary, taurine could serve as potential novel remedy of allergic inflammatory disorders.
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173
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Critical role of TSLP-responsive mucosal dendritic cells in the induction of nasal antigen-specific IgA response. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:901-911. [PMID: 27924821 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7 (IL-7)-like cytokine involved in T helper 2 type immune responses. The primary target of TSLP is myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), however, little is known about the mechanism by which TSLP elicits respiratory IgA immune responses upon mucosal immunization. Here, we found that the levels of TSLP and TSLPR were upregulated in the mucosal DCs of mice nasally immunized with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) plus cholera toxin (CT) compared with those immunized with PspA alone. PspA-specific IgA responses, but not IgG Ab responses were significantly reduced in both serum and mucosal secretions of TSLPR knockout mice compared with wild-type mice after nasal immunization with PspA plus CT. Furthermore, CD11c+ mucosal DCs isolated from TSLPR knockout mice nasally immunized with PspA plus CT were less activated and exhibited markedly reduced expression of IgA-enhancing cytokines (e.g., APRIL, BAFF, and IL-6) compared with those from equivalently immunized wild-type mice. Finally, exogenous TSLP promoted production of IgAs in an in vitro DC-B cell co-culture system as exhibited by enhanced IL-6 production. These results suggest that TSLP-TSLPR signaling is pivotal in the induction of nasal respiratory immunity against pathogenic pneumococcal infection.
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174
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Gebe JA, Yadava K, Ruppert SM, Marshall P, Hill P, Falk BA, Sweere JM, Han H, Kaber G, Harten IA, Medina C, Mikecz K, Ziegler SF, Balaji S, Keswani SG, Perez VADJ, Butte MJ, Nadeau K, Altemeier WA, Fanger N, Bollyky PL. Modified High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan Promotes Allergen-Specific Immune Tolerance. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:109-120. [PMID: 27598620 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0111oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in asthmatic lungs contains abundant low-molecular-weight hyaluronan, and this is known to promote antigen presentation and allergic responses. Conversely, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), typical of uninflamed tissues, is known to suppress inflammation. We investigated whether HMW-HA can be adapted to promote tolerance to airway allergens. HMW-HA was thiolated to prevent its catabolism and was tethered to allergens via thiol linkages. This platform, which we call "XHA," delivers antigenic payloads in the context of antiinflammatory costimulation. Allergen/XHA was administered intranasally to mice that had been sensitized previously to these allergens. XHA prevents allergic airway inflammation in mice sensitized previously to either ovalbumin or cockroach proteins. Allergen/XHA treatment reduced inflammatory cell counts, airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specific IgE, and T helper type 2 cell cytokine production in comparison with allergen alone. These effects were allergen specific and IL-10 dependent. They were durable for weeks after the last challenge, providing a substantial advantage over the current desensitization protocols. Mechanistically, XHA promoted CD44-dependent inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling, diminished dendritic cell maturation, and reduced the induction of allergen-specific CD4 T-helper responses. XHA and other potential strategies that target CD44 are promising alternatives for the treatment of asthma and allergic sinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Gebe
- 1 Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Koshika Yadava
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Stanford Immunology, and
| | - Shannon M Ruppert
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Stanford Immunology, and
| | | | | | | | - Johanna M Sweere
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Stanford Immunology, and
| | - Hongwei Han
- 1 Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gernot Kaber
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Carlos Medina
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Stanford Immunology, and
| | - Katalin Mikecz
- 5 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Swathi Balaji
- 6 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Sundeep G Keswani
- 6 Division of Pediatric Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Vinicio A de Jesus Perez
- 7 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - Kari Nadeau
- 7 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - William A Altemeier
- 8 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Paul L Bollyky
- 1 Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,2 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine.,3 Stanford Immunology, and
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175
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Piliponsky AM, Lahiri A, Truong P, Clauson M, Shubin NJ, Han H, Ziegler SF. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Improves Survival and Reduces Inflammation in Sepsis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:264-74. [PMID: 26934097 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0380oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that contribute to homeostasis of the immune system in sepsis are largely unknown. One study suggests a potential detrimental role for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in sepsis; however, the immune-regulatory effects of TSLP on myeloid cells within the intestinal microenvironment suggest the contrary. Our objective was to clarify TSLP's role in sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture was performed in mice with total or myeloid-specific deficiency in the TSLP receptor (TSLPR). Survival was monitored closely, peritoneal fluids and plasma were analyzed for markers of inflammation, and myeloid cell numbers and their ability to produce inflammatory mediators was determined. The interaction of TSLP with TSLPR in myeloid cells contributed to mouse survival after septic peritonitis. Mice with TSLPR deficiency in myeloid cells displayed excessive local and systemic inflammation levels (e.g., increased inflammatory cell and cytokine levels) relative to control mice. Moreover, hepatic injury was exacerbated in mice with TSLPR deficiency in their myeloid cells. However, the enhanced inflammatory response did not affect the ability of these mice to clear bacteria. Resident neutrophils and macrophages from septic mice with TSLPR deficiency exhibited an increased ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our findings suggest that the effects of TSLP on myeloid cells are crucial in reducing the multiple organ failure that is associated with systemic inflammation, which highlights the significance of this cytokine in modulating the host response to infection and in reducing the risks of sepsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Piliponsky
- 1 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,2 Departments of Pediatrics and.,3 Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Asha Lahiri
- 1 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Phuong Truong
- 1 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Morgan Clauson
- 1 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas J Shubin
- 1 Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Hongwei Han
- 4 Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; and
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- 4 Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Washington; and.,5 Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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176
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Becerra-Díaz M, Wills-Karp M, Heller NM. New perspectives on the regulation of type II inflammation in asthma. F1000Res 2017; 6:1014. [PMID: 28721208 PMCID: PMC5497827 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11198.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs which has been thought to arise as a result of inappropriately directed T helper type-2 (Th2) immune responses of the lungs to otherwise innocuous inhaled antigens. Current asthma therapeutics are directed towards the amelioration of downstream consequences of type-2 immune responses (i.e. β-agonists) or broad-spectrum immunosuppression (i.e. corticosteroids). However, few approaches to date have been focused on the primary prevention of immune deviation. Advances in molecular phenotyping reveal heterogeneity within the asthmatic population with multiple endotypes whose varying expression depends on the interplay between numerous environmental factors and the inheritance of a broad range of susceptibility genes. The most common endotype is one described as "type-2-high" (i.e. high levels of interleukin [IL]-13, eosinophilia, and periostin). The identification of multiple endotypes has provided a potential explanation for the observations that therapies directed at typical Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and their receptors have often fallen short when they were tested in a diverse group of asthmatic patients without first stratifying based on disease endotype or severity. However, despite the incorporation of endotype-dependent stratification schemes into clinical trial designs, variation in drug responses are still apparent, suggesting that additional genetic/environmental factors may be contributing to the diversity in drug efficacy. Herein, we will review recent advances in our understanding of the complex pathways involved in the initiation and regulation of type-2-mediated immune responses and their modulation by host factors (genetics, metabolic status, and the microbiome). Particular consideration will be given to how this knowledge could pave the way for further refinement of disease endotypes and/or the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of asthma .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Becerra-Díaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nicola M. Heller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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177
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Breedveld A, Groot Kormelink T, van Egmond M, de Jong EC. Granulocytes as modulators of dendritic cell function. J Leukoc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0217-048rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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178
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Wang X, Jiang X, Yu X, Liu H, Tao Y, Jiang G, Hong M. Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2926-2936. [PMID: 28597545 PMCID: PMC5661257 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cimifugin is a bioactive component of Saposhnikovia divaricata, a Chinese herb for treating allergy. Our previous studies demonstrated that cimifugin inhibited allergic inflammation efficiently. This study aims to determine the mechanism of cimifugin on epithelial cells in allergic inflammation. Mice were sensitized and challenged with FITC to establish type 2 atopic dermatitis (AD) model. The initial stage of AD model, in which mice were just sensitized with FITC, was established in vivo and immortalized human epidermal (HaCaT) cells were utilized in vitro. Initiative key cytokines, TSLP and IL-33, were measured by ELISA, the junctions in ECs were observed by electron microscopy and TJs (CLDN-1, occludin and CLDND1) were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The results showed that TSLP and IL-33 were inhibited significantly by cimifugin in the initial stage of AD model. Simultaneously, cimifugin reduced the separated gap among the epithelial cells and increased the expression of TJs. Similar effects on TSLP/IL-33 and TJs were obtained in vitro. The effect of cimifugin on TSLP decreased significantly when expression of CLDN1 was interfered with siRNA and this implied cimifugin inhibits initiative cytokines through restoring TJs. Furthermore, cimifugin administered only in the initial stage obviously attenuated the ultimate allergic inflammation, which indicate that impacts of cimifugin in the initial stage on TSLP/IL-33 and TJs are sufficient for suppressing allergic inflammation. This study not only revealed the mechanisms of cimifugin, but also indicated the possibility of initiative key cytokines and TJs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hailiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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179
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Thiriou D, Morianos I, Xanthou G, Samitas K. Innate immunity as the orchestrator of allergic airway inflammation and resolution in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:43-54. [PMID: 28463786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly in direct contact with the environment and, has therefore, developed strong innate and adaptive immune responses to combat pathogens. Unlike adaptive immunity which is mounted later in the course of the immune response and is naive at the outset, innate immunity provides the first line of defense against microbial agents, while also promoting resolution of inflammation. In the airways, innate immune effector cells mainly consist of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells, which attack pathogens directly or indirectly through the release of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, and coordinate T and B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Airway epithelial cells are also critically involved in shaping both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Chronic allergic airway inflammation and linked asthmatic disease is often considered a result of aberrant activation of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) towards innocuous environmental allergens; however, innate immune cells are increasingly recognized as key players responsible for the initiation and the perpetuation of allergic responses. Moreover, innate cells participate in immune response regulation through the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and guide tissue repair and the maintenance of airway homeostasis. The scope of this review is to outline existing knowledge on innate immune responses involved in allergic airway inflammation, highlight current gaps in our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and discuss the potential use of innate effector cells in new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Thiriou
- 2(nd) Respiratory Medicine Dept., Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece; 7(th) Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece.
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180
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GM-CSF produced by the airway epithelium is required for sensitization to cockroach allergen. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:705-715. [PMID: 27731325 PMCID: PMC5389932 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are among the first to encounter inhaled allergens and can initiate allergic responses by producing pro-Th2 innate cytokines. In this study, we investigated the role of epithelial-derived cytokines in sensitization to a clinically relevant allergen, cockroach allergen (CRA). Among the epithelial-derived cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had a central role in the initiation of Th2 allergic responses to CRA. We show that initial exposure to CRA directly activated airway epithelial cells through a TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathway and MyD88 signaling in epithelial cells induced upregulation of GM-CSF during sensitization. Epithelial-derived GM-CSF was required for allergic sensitization and selectively restored Th2 responses in the absence of MyD88. Thus, we demonstrate that epithelial-derived GM-CSF is a critical early signal during allergic sensitization to CRA.
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181
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García-García ML, Calvo C, Moreira A, Cañas JA, Pozo F, Sastre B, Quevedo S, Casas I, Del Pozo V. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-33, and periostin in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6787. [PMID: 28471975 PMCID: PMC5419921 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Much attention has recently been focused on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-33, and periostin in allergic disease, but less is known about their role in viral bronchiolitis.The aim of the study was to investigate whether infants exhibit enhanced nasal airway secretion of TSLP, IL-33, and periostin during natural respiratory viral bronchiolitis compared to healthy controls.In total, 213 infants < 2 years of age, hospitalized with bronchiolitis from October/2013 to April/2016 were enrolled alongside 45 healthy infants. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were screened for respiratory viruses by the polymerase chain reaction. TSLP, IL-33, and periostin were measured in NPAs. Clinical data were recorded.At least 1 virus was detected in 186 (87.3%) hospitalized infants: 149 (70%) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); 42 (19.7%) rhinovirus (HRV); 16 (7.5%) parainfluenza virus (PIV); 9 (4.2%) adenovirus; 10 (4.7%) bocavirus; and 7 (3.3%) metapneumovirus (hMPV). Infants with bronchiolitis had higher levels of TSLP (P = .02), IL-33 (P<.001), and periostin (P = .003) than healthy controls.Detectable levels of TSLP and periostin were more frequent in virus-positive than in virus-negative patients (P = .05). TSLP and IL-33 were also more common in coinfections, mainly RSV and HRV, than in single-infections (P < .05). No patient with bronchiolitis but with negative viral detection had detectable levels of nasal TSLP or IL-33. Infants with hospital stay ≥5 days were more likely to have detectable levels of nasal TSLP and periostin after adjusting by age (P = .01).Bronchiolitis by common respiratory viruses is associated with elevated nasal levels of TSLP, IL-33, and periostin, factors known to be important in the development of Th2-response. Respiratory viruses in early life might shift immune responses toward Th2, involving asthma, and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz García-García
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
- TEDDY Network (European Network of Excellence for Pediatric Clinical Research)
| | - Ana Moreira
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University
| | - José Antonio Cañas
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
| | - Francisco Pozo
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | - Beatriz Sastre
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
| | - Sergio Quevedo
- Pediatrics Department, Severo Ochoa Hospital, Leganés, Alfonso X El Sabio University
| | - Inmaculada Casas
- Respiratory Virus and Influenza Unit, National Microbiology Center (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Translational Research Network in Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP)
| | - Victoria Del Pozo
- Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)
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182
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Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified more than 20 years ago as a secreted factor of a mouse thymic stromal cell line; later, a human orthologue was also identified. The signaling pathway triggered by TSLP has been extensively studied, and upregulation of the cytokine itself is linked to the pathogenesis of numerous Th2-related diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic responses, as well as certain types of cancers. On the other hand, TSLP mediates several immune homeostatic functions in both the gut and the thymus. Thus, a paradox occurs; why is TSLP homeostatic in certain tissues and a hallmark of exacerbated Th2 responses in the aforementioned pathologies? We and others have recently shown that in humans a novel isoform exists; this is a shorter isoform of TSLP whose expression is constitutive and controlled by a separate promoter. Short TSLP isoform mediates the homeostatic functions, whereas the long isoform is expressed at low/undetectable level at steady state and upregulated during inflammation in several tissues. Here we review the most recent data concerning the differential expression of the 2 isoforms and provide a potential explanation to the paradox. TSLP is regarded as a promising target for treatment of relevant pathologies, with a number of clinical trials already underway. It is important to design new strategies aimed at leaving intact the homeostatic effects of the short isoform while targeting the inflammatory effects of the long isoform.
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Key Words
- Atopic Diseases
- DC, dendritic cell
- Gut Homeostasis
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cells
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TSLP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin
- TSLPR, thymic stromal lymphopoietin protein receptor
- Therapeutic Targets
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
- Treg, regulatory T cells
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183
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Hu Y, Dong H, Zou M, Huang C, Luo L, Yu C, Chen J, Xie Z, Zhao H, Le Y, Zou F, Liu L, Cai S. TSLP signaling blocking alleviates E-cadherin dysfunction of airway epithelium in a HDM-induced asthma model. Cell Immunol 2017; 315:56-63. [PMID: 28400057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of asthma. However the role of TSLP in dysfunction of airway epithelial adherens junctions E-cadherin in house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma has not been addressed. We hypothesized that TSLP contributed to HDM-induced E-cadherin dysfunction in asthmatic BALB/c mice and 16HBE cells. In vivo, a HDM-induced asthma mouse model was set up for 8weeks. Mice inhaled an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody (mAb) before HDM. The mice treated with the anti-TSLP mAb ameliorated airway inflammation, the decreasing and aberrant distribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin as well as phosphorylation(p)-AKT induced by HDM. In vitro, HDM increased the expression of TSLP and E-cadherin dysfunction by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The exposure of 16HBE to TSLP resulted in redistribution of E-cadherin. These results indicate that TSLP may be an important contributor in E-cadherin dysfunction of HDM-induced asthma. TSLP signaling blocking shows a protective effect in mice and that the PI3K/Akt pathway may play a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chaowen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - JiaLong Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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184
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Lee JU, Chang HS, Lee HJ, Jung CA, Bae DJ, Song HJ, Park JS, Uh ST, Kim YH, Seo KH, Park CS. Upregulation of interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:39. [PMID: 28202030 PMCID: PMC5312598 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate T helper type 2 (Th2) immune responses mediated by interleukin (IL)-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 have been shown to play an important role in pulmonary fibrosis of animal models; however, their clinical implications remain poorly understood. METHODS TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 concentrations were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids obtained from normal controls (NCs; n = 40) and from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 100), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; n = 22), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; n = 20), and sarcoidosis (n = 19). RESULTS The TSLP and IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with IPF relative to the NCs (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively), NSIP (p = 4.95E - 7 and p = 0.0002, respectively), HP (p = 0.00003 and p = 0.000005, respectively), and sarcoidosis groups (p = 0.003 and p = 0.0001, respectively). However, the IL-25 levels were not significantly different between NC and IPF group (p = 0.432). Receiver operating characteristic curves of the TSLP and IL-33 levels revealed clear differences between the IPF and NC groups (AUC = 0.655 and 0.706, respectively), as well as between the IPF and the other lung disease groups (AUC = 0.786 and 0.781, respectively). Cut-off values of 3.52 pg/μg TSLP and 3.77 pg/μg IL-33 were shown to differentiate between the IPF and NC groups with 99.2 and 94.3% accuracy. Cut-off values of 4.66 pg/μg TSLP and 2.52 pg/μg IL-33 possessed 99.4 and 93.2% accuracy for differentiating among the IPF and other interstitial lung disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Innate immune responses may be associated with the development of IPF. Furthermore, the IL-33 and TSLP levels in BAL fluids may be useful for differentiating IPF from other chronic interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea.,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Chang An Jung
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Da Jeong Bae
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Song
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo-Taek Uh
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Seo
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Science Major, Soonchunhyang Graduate School, Bucheon, Korea. .,Genome Research Center and Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea. .,Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 1174, Jung-Dong, Wonmi-Ku, Bucheon, Kyeonggi-Do, 420-767, Korea.
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185
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Dong H, Hu Y, Liu L, Zou M, Huang C, Luo L, Yu C, Wan X, Zhao H, Chen J, Xie Z, Le Y, Zou F, Cai S. Distinct roles of short and long thymic stromal lymphopoietin isoforms in house dust mite-induced asthmatic airway epithelial barrier disruption. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39559. [PMID: 27996052 PMCID: PMC5171874 DOI: 10.1038/srep39559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of airway epithelial integrity contributes significantly to asthma pathogenesis. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) may have dual immunoregulatory roles. In inflammatory disorders of the bowel, the long isoform of TSLP (lfTSLP) promotes inflammation while the short isoform (sfTSLP) inhibits inflammation. We hypothesize that lfTSLP contributes to house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction and that synthetic sfTSLP can prevent these effects. In vitro, airway epithelial barrier function was assessed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance, fluorescent-dextran permeability, and distribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin. In vivo, BALB/c mice were exposed to HDM by nasal inhalation for 5 consecutive days per week to establish an asthma model. sfTSLP and 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) were administered 1 h before HDM exposure. After 8 weeks, animal lung function tests and pathological staining were performed to evaluate asthma progression. We found that HDM and lfTSLP impaired barrier function. Treatment with sfTSLP and 1,25D3 prevented HDM-induced airway epithelial barrier disruption. Moreover, sfTSLP and 1,25D3 treatment ameliorated HDM-induced asthma in mice. Our data emphasize the importance of the different expression patterns and biological properties of sfTSLP and lfTSLP. Moreover, our results indicate that sfTSLP and 1,25D3 may serve as novel therapeutic agents for individualized treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chaowen Huang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lishan Luo
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuan Wan
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haijin Zhao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - JiaLong Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhefan Xie
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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186
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Eng SS, DeFelice ML. The Role and Immunobiology of Eosinophils in the Respiratory System: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 50:140-58. [PMID: 26797962 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The eosinophil is a fully delineated granulocyte that disseminates throughout the bloodstream to end-organs after complete maturation in the bone marrow. While the presence of eosinophils is not uncommon even in healthy individuals, these granulocytes play a central role in inflammation and allergic processes. Normally appearing in smaller numbers, higher levels of eosinophils in the peripheral blood or certain tissues typically signal a pathologic process. Eosinophils confer a beneficial effect on the host by enhancing immunity against molds and viruses. However, tissue-specific elevation of eosinophils, particularly in the respiratory system, can cause a variety of short-term symptoms and may lead to long-term sequelae. Eosinophils often play a role in more commonly encountered disease processes, such as asthma and allergic responses in the upper respiratory tract. They are also integral in the pathology of less common diseases including eosinophilic pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. They can be seen in neoplastic disorders or occupational exposures as well. The involvement of eosinophils in pulmonary disease processes can affect the method of diagnosis and the selection of treatment modalities. By analyzing the complex interaction between the eosinophil and its environment, which includes signaling molecules and tissues, different therapies have been discovered and created in order to target disease processes at a cellular level. Innovative treatments such as mepolizumab and benralizumab will be discussed. The purpose of this article is to further explore the topic of eosinophilic presence, activity, and pathology in the respiratory tract, as well as discuss current and future treatment options through a detailed literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Eng
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nemours/AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Magee L DeFelice
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nemours/AI duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
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187
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Gohy ST, Hupin C, Pilette C, Ladjemi MZ. Chronic inflammatory airway diseases: the central role of the epithelium revisited. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:529-42. [PMID: 27021118 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium plays a critical role for the maintenance of airway integrity and defense against inhaled particles. Physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance clears inhaled pathogens, allergens or toxics, to prevent continuous stimulation of adaptive immune responses. The "chemical barrier", consisting of several anti-microbial factors such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, constitutes another protective mechanism of the mucosae against external aggressions before adaptive immune response starts. The reconstruction of damaged respiratory epithelium is crucial to restore this barrier. This review examines the role of the airway epithelium through recent advances in health and chronic inflammatory diseases in the lower conducting airways (in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Better understanding of normal and altered epithelial functions continuously provides new insights into the physiopathology of chronic airway diseases and should help to identify new epithelial-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Gohy
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Hupin
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Z Ladjemi
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Brussels, Belgium.,Institute for Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Brussels, Belgium
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188
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Zhang Y, Jin LP. Effects of TSLP on obstetrical and gynecological diseases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 77. [PMID: 27976427 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology; Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology; Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Fudan University Shanghai Medical College; Shanghai China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center; Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital; Tongji University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
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189
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Nakayama T, Hirahara K, Onodera A, Endo Y, Hosokawa H, Shinoda K, Tumes DJ, Okamoto Y. Th2 Cells in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2016; 35:53-84. [PMID: 27912316 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection from helminth infection and are central to the pathogenesis of many allergic inflammatory diseases. Molecular analysis of Th2 cell differentiation and maintenance of function has led to recent discoveries that have refined our understanding of Th2 cell biology. Epigenetic regulation of Gata3 expression by chromatin remodeling complexes such as Polycomb and Trithorax is crucial for maintaining Th2 cell identity. In the context of allergic diseases, memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells have been identified in both mice and humans. To better understand these disease-driving cell populations, we have developed a model called the pathogenic Th population disease induction model. The concept of defined subsets of pathogenic Th cells may spur new, effective strategies for treating intractable chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hirahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Atsushi Onodera
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Hiroyuki Hosokawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Kenta Shinoda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , ,
| | - Damon J Tumes
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; , , , , , , , .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Yoshitaka Okamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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190
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Han CZ, Juncadella IJ, Kinchen JM, Buckley MW, Klibanov AL, Dryden K, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Erdbrügger U, Turner SD, Shim YM, Tung KS, Ravichandran KS. Macrophages redirect phagocytosis by non-professional phagocytes and influence inflammation. Nature 2016; 539:570-574. [PMID: 27820945 PMCID: PMC5799085 DOI: 10.1038/nature20141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytes (such as macrophages) and non-professional phagocytes (such as epithelial cells) clear billions of apoptotic cells and particles on a daily basis. Although professional and non-professional macrophages reside in proximity in most tissues, whether they communicate with each other during cell clearance, and how this might affect inflammation, is not known. Here we show that macrophages, through the release of a soluble growth factor and microvesicles, alter the type of particles engulfed by non-professional phagocytes and influence their inflammatory response. During phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or in response to inflammation-associated cytokines, macrophages released insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The binding of IGF-1 to its receptor on non-professional phagocytes redirected their phagocytosis, such that uptake of larger apoptotic cells was reduced whereas engulfment of microvesicles was increased. IGF-1 did not alter engulfment by macrophages. Macrophages also released microvesicles, whose uptake by epithelial cells was enhanced by IGF-1 and led to decreased inflammatory responses by epithelial cells. Consistent with these observations, deletion of IGF-1 receptor in airway epithelial cells led to exacerbated lung inflammation after allergen exposure. These genetic and functional studies reveal that IGF-1- and microvesicle-dependent communication between macrophages and epithelial cells can critically influence the magnitude of tissue inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Z Han
- The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Ignacio J Juncadella
- The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Jason M Kinchen
- The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Monica W Buckley
- The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kelly Dryden
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Stephen D Turner
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Yun M Shim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kenneth S Tung
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- The Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
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191
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West EE, Spolski R, Kazemian M, Yu ZX, Kemper C, Leonard WJ. A TSLP-complement axis mediates neutrophil killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaaf8471. [PMID: 28783679 PMCID: PMC8530006 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaf8471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections often present as serious skin infections in otherwise healthy individuals and have become a worldwide epidemic problem fueled by the emergence of strains with antibiotic resistance, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is highly expressed in the skin and in other barrier surfaces and plays a deleterious role by promoting T helper cell type 2 (TH2) responses during allergic diseases; however, its role in host defense against bacterial infections has not been well elucidated. We describe a previously unrecognized non-TH2 role for TSLP in enhancing neutrophil killing of MRSA during an in vivo skin infection. Specifically, we demonstrate that TSLP acts directly on both mouse and human neutrophils to augment control of MRSA. Additionally, we show that TSLP also enhances killing of Streptococcus pyogenes, another clinically important cause of human skin infections. Unexpectedly, TSLP mechanistically mediates its antibacterial effect by directly engaging the complement C5 system to modulate production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils. Thus, TSLP increases MRSA killing in a neutrophil- and complement-dependent manner, revealing a key connection between TSLP and the innate complement system, with potentially important therapeutic implications for control of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA.
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Zu Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, U.K
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1674, USA.
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192
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Koch S, Sopel N, Finotto S. Th9 and other IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:55-68. [PMID: 27858144 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a worldwide increasing chronic disease of the airways which affects more than 300 million people. It is associated with increased IgE, mast cell activation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus overproduction and remodeling of the airways. Previously, this pathological trait has been associated with T helper type 2 (Th2) cells. Recently, different CD4+ T cell subsets (Th17, Th9) as well as cells of innate immunity, like mast cells and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s), which are all capable of producing the rediscovered cytokine IL-9, are known to contribute to this disease. Regarding Th9 cells, it is known that naïve T cells develop into IL-9-producing cells in the presence of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). Downstream of IL-4, several transcription factors like signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like (BATF) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) are activated. Additionally, the transcription factor PU.1, which is downstream of TGFβ signaling, also seems to be crucial in the development of Th9 cells. IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that influences various distinct functions of different target cells such as T cells, B cells, mast cells and airway epithelial cells by activating STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. Because of its pleiotropic functions, IL-9 has been demonstrated to be involved in several diseases, such as cancer, autoimmunity and other pathogen-mediated immune-regulated diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of Th9 and IL-9-producing cells in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Koch
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Sopel
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
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193
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Schwartz C, Eberle JU, Hoyler T, Diefenbach A, Lechmann M, Voehringer D. Opposing functions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin–responsive basophils and dendritic cells in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1443-1446.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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194
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Lin TH, Cheng CC, Su HH, Huang NC, Chen JJ, Kang HY, Chang TH. Lipopolysaccharide Attenuates Induction of Proallergic Cytokines, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, and Interleukin 33 in Respiratory Epithelial Cells Stimulated with PolyI:C and Human Parechovirus. Front Immunol 2016; 7:440. [PMID: 27826297 PMCID: PMC5078322 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies based on the "hygiene hypothesis" declare that the level of childhood exposure to environmental microbial products is inversely related to the incidence of allergic diseases in later life. Multiple types of immune cell-mediated immune regulation networks support the hygiene hypothesis. Epithelial cells are the first line of response to microbial products in the environment and bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems; however, their role in the hygiene hypothesis is unknown. To demonstrate the hygiene hypothesis in airway epithelial cells, we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; toll-like receptor 4 ligand) on the expression of the proallergic cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin 33 (IL33) in H292 cells (pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells). Stimulation with the TLR ligand polyI:C and human parechovirus type 1 (HPeV1) but not LPS-induced TSLP and IL33 through interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB activity, which was further validated by using inhibitors (dexamethasone and Bay 11-7082) and short hairpin RNA-mediated gene knockdown. Importantly, polyI:C and HPeV1-stimulated TSLP and IL33 induction was reduced by LPS treatment by attenuating TANK-binding kinase 1, IRF3, and NF-κB activation. Interestingly, the basal mRNA levels of TLR signaling proteins were downregulated with long-term LPS treatment of H292 cells, which suggests that such long-term exposure modulates the expression of innate immunity signaling molecules in airway epithelial cells to mitigate the allergic response. In contrast to the effects of LPS treatment, the alarmin high-mobility group protein B1 acts in synergy with polyI:C to promote TSLP and IL33 expression. Our data support part of the hygiene hypothesis in airway epithelia cells in vitro. In addition to therapeutic targeting of TSLP and IL33, local application of non-pathogenic LPS may be a rational strategy to prevent allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsang-Hsiung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hao Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chieh Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University , Pingtung , Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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195
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Carlier FM, Sibille Y, Pilette C. The epithelial barrier and immunoglobulin A system in allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1372-1388. [PMID: 27684559 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Airway and intestinal epithelial layers represent first-line physical barriers, playing a key role in mucosal immunity. Barrier dysfunction, characterized by alterations such as disruption of cell-cell apical junctions and aberrant epithelial responses, probably constitutes early and key events for chronic immune responses to environmental antigens in the skin and in the gut. For instance, barrier dysfunction drives Th2 responses in atopic disorders or eosinophilic esophagitis. Such epithelial impairment is also a salient feature of allergic asthma and growing evidence indicates that barrier alterations probably play a driving role in this disease. IgA has been identified as the most abundant immunoglobulin in mucosa, where it acts as an active barrier through immune exclusion of inhaled or ingested antigens or pathogens. Historically, it has been thought to represent the serum factor underlying reaginic activity before IgE was discovered. Despite several studies about regulation and major functions of IgA at mucosal surfaces, its role in allergy remains largely unclear. This review aims at summarizing findings about epithelial functions and IgA biology that are relevant to allergy, and to integrate the emerging concepts and the recent developments in mucosal immunology, and how these could translate to clinical observations in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Carlier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium.
| | - Y Sibille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dinant-Godinne UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - C Pilette
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle Pneumologie, ORL et dermatologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Lifesciences and Biotechnology, Wavre, Belgium
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196
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Truchetet ME, Demoures B, Eduardo Guimaraes J, Bertrand A, Laurent P, Jolivel V, Douchet I, Jacquemin C, Khoryati L, Duffau P, Lazaro E, Richez C, Seneschal J, Doutre MS, Pellegrin JL, Constans J, Schaeverbeke T, Blanco P, Contin-Bordes C. Platelets Induce Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Production by Endothelial Cells: Contribution to Fibrosis in Human Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2784-2794. [PMID: 27429171 DOI: 10.1002/art.39817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between vascular damage and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by testing the hypothesis that platelets contribute to skin fibrosis via the activation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and subsequent production of profibrotic mediators. METHODS A total of 203 SSc patients and 30 healthy donors were prospectively enrolled between 2012 and 2015 at the University Hospital of Bordeaux. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on skin biopsy sections from 18 SSc patients and 5 healthy donors. Serum thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the entire cohort. HDMECs and fibroblasts were purified from biopsy sections. Extracellular matrix production by cultured fibroblasts was assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum TSLP levels were significantly increased in SSc patients compared to healthy donors (P < 0.0001) and were associated with a higher frequency of vasculopathy (P = 0.02). The proportion of TSLP-positive dermal cells was increased in the skin of SSc patients compared with healthy donors (P < 0.0001) and was correlated with fibrosis (modified Rodnan skin thickness score) (r = 0.6146, P = 0.0001). In SSc dermis, TSLP was mainly expressed by CD31-positive endothelial cells. In vitro, activated platelets induced TSLP production by HDMECs in an interleukin-1β-dependent manner. SSc fibroblasts responded differently according to their original TSLP environment. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results identify HDMECs as contributors to TSLP production in SSc and suggest a potential mechanism by which platelets may profoundly affect the fibrotic process in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Elise Truchetet
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Jorge Eduardo Guimaraes
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France, and Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Paôline Laurent
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Jolivel
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Douchet
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Liliane Khoryati
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Duffau
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Estibaliz Lazaro
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Richez
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Blanco
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University and Bordeaux Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
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Park JH, Jeong DY, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Eisenhut M, Shin JI. Insight into the role of TSLP in inflammatory bowel diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 16:55-63. [PMID: 27697608 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are thought to modulate pathogeneses of various inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which has been studied in various allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), has been less considered to be involved in IBDs. However, mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) induced by various cytokines including TSLP were reported to cause polarization of T cell toward Th2 response, the differentiation of regulatory T-cell (Treg), and secretion of IgA by B cells. In this review, we discuss the concept that decreased TSLP has the potential to accelerate the development of Th1 response dominant diseases such as the Crohn's disease (CD) while increased TSLP has the potential to lead to a development of Th2 cell dominant diseases such the ulcerative colitis (UC). To examine TSLP's role as a potential determining factor for differentiating UC and CD, we analyzed the effects of other genes regulated by TSLP in regards to the UC and CD pathogeneses using data from online open access resources such as NetPath, GeneMania, and the String database. Our findings indicate that TSLP is a key mediator in the pathogenesis of IBDs and that further studies are needed to evaluate its role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Hiraishi Y, Nambu A, Shibui A, Nakanishi W, Yamaguchi S, Morita H, Iikura M, McKenzie AN, Matsumoto K, Sudo K, Yamasoba T, Nagase T, Nakae S. TIM-3 is not essential for development of airway inflammation induced by house dust mite antigens. Allergol Int 2016; 65:459-465. [PMID: 27209052 PMCID: PMC5074363 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), which is preferentially expressed on Th1 cells rather than Th2 cells, is considered to be a negative regulator of Th1 cell function. This suggests that TIM-3 indirectly enhances Th2-type immune responses by suppressing Th1 cell function. Methods To investigate TIM-3's possible involvement in Th2-type acute and chronic airway inflammation, wild-type and TIM-3-deficient (TIM-3−/−) mice were sensitized and challenged with a house dust mite (HDM) extract. Airway inflammation and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) in the mice were determined by histological analysis and with a hemocytometer, respectively. Expression of mRNA in the lungs was determined by quantitative PCR, while the levels of cytokines in the BALFs and IgE in sera were determined by ELISA. Results Despite constitutive expression of TIM-3 mRNA in the lungs, the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and the score of pulmonary inflammation were comparable between wild-type and TIM-3−/− mice during both acute and chronic HDM-induced airway inflammation. On the other hand, the number of lymphocytes in the BALFs of TIM-3−/− mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice during HDM-induced chronic, but not acute, airway inflammation, while the levels of Th2 cytokines in the BALFs and HDM-specific IgG1 and IgG2a and total IgE in the sera were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, in mice, TIM-3 is not essential for development of HDM-induced acute or chronic allergic airway inflammation, although it appears to be involved in reduced lymphocyte recruitment during HDM-induced chronic allergic airway inflammation.
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199
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Biancheri P, Di Sabatino A, Rescigno M, Giuffrida P, Fornasa G, Tsilingiri K, Pender SLF, Papadia C, Wood E, Pasini A, Ubezio C, Vanoli A, Forbes A, MacDonald TT, Corazza GR. Abnormal thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in the duodenal mucosa of patients with coeliac disease. Gut 2016; 65:1670-80. [PMID: 26342013 PMCID: PMC5036244 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The short isoform of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine constitutively expressed by epithelial cells, is crucial in preserving immune tolerance in the gut. TSLP deficiency has been implicated in sustaining intestinal damage in Crohn's disease. We explored mucosal TSLP expression and function in refractory and uncomplicated coeliac disease (CD), a T-cell-mediated enteropathy induced by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. DESIGN TSLP isoforms-long and short-and receptors-TSLPR and interleukin (IL)-7Rα-were assessed by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and qRT-PCR in the duodenum of untreated, treated, potential and refractory patients with CD. The ability of the serine protease furin or CD biopsy supernatants to cleave TSLP was evaluated by immunoblotting. The production of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-8 by untreated CD biopsies cultured ex vivo with TSLP isoforms was also assessed. RESULTS Mucosal TSLP, but not TSLPR and IL-7Rα, was reduced in untreated CD and refractory CD in comparison to treated CD, potential CD and controls. Transcripts of both TSLP isoforms were decreased in active CD mucosa. Furin, which was overexpressed in active CD biopsies, was able to cleave TSLP in vitro. Accordingly, refractory and untreated CD supernatants showed higher TSLP-degrading capacity in comparison to treated CD and control supernatants. In our ex vivo model, both TSLP isoforms significantly downregulated IFN-γ and IL-8 production by untreated CD biopsies. CONCLUSIONS Reduced mucosal TSLP expression may contribute to intestinal damage in refractory and untreated CD. Further studies are needed to verify whether restoring TSLP might be therapeutically useful especially in refractory patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biancheri
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Giuffrida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy,Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Giulia Fornasa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Katerina Tsilingiri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Papadia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eleanor Wood
- Academic Department of Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Pasini
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Ubezio
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Thomas T MacDonald
- Centre for Immunobiology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Gino R Corazza
- First Department of Internal Medicine, St Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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200
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Stier MT, Bloodworth MH, Toki S, Newcomb DC, Goleniewska K, Boyd KL, Quitalig M, Hotard AL, Moore ML, Hartert TV, Zhou B, McKenzie AN, Peebles RS. Respiratory syncytial virus infection activates IL-13-producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells through thymic stromal lymphopoietin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:814-824.e11. [PMID: 27156176 PMCID: PMC5014571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major health care burden with a particularly high worldwide morbidity and mortality rate among infants. Data suggest that severe RSV-associated illness is in part caused by immunopathology associated with a robust type 2 response. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the capacity of RSV infection to stimulate group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and the associated mechanism in a murine model. METHODS Wild-type (WT) BALB/c, thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) knockout (KO), or WT mice receiving an anti-TSLP neutralizing antibody were infected with the RSV strain 01/2-20. During the first 4 to 6 days of infection, lungs were collected for evaluation of viral load, protein concentration, airway mucus, airway reactivity, or ILC2 numbers. Results were confirmed with 2 additional RSV clinical isolates, 12/11-19 and 12/12-6, with known human pathogenic potential. RESULTS RSV induced a 3-fold increase in the number of IL-13-producing ILC2s at day 4 after infection, with a concurrent increase in total lung IL-13 levels. Both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33 levels were increased 12 hours after infection. TSLPR KO mice did not mount an IL-13-producing ILC2 response to RSV infection. Additionally, neutralization of TSLP significantly attenuated the RSV-induced IL-13-producing ILC2 response. TSLPR KO mice displayed reduced lung IL-13 protein levels, decreased airway mucus and reactivity, attenuated weight loss, and similar viral loads as WT mice. Both 12/11-19 and 12/12-6 similarly induced IL-13-producing ILC2s through a TSLP-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that multiple pathogenic strains of RSV induce IL-13-producing ILC2 proliferation and activation through a TSLP-dependent mechanism in a murine model and suggest the potential therapeutic targeting of TSLP during severe RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Shinji Toki
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Dawn C Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kasia Goleniewska
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Marc Quitalig
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Anne L Hotard
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Martin L Moore
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn
| | - Baohua Zhou
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Andrew N McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.
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