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Serra M, Ferraro D, Pereiro I, Viovy JL, Descroix S. The power of solid supports in multiphase and droplet-based microfluidics: towards clinical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3979-3999. [PMID: 28948991 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiphase and droplet microfluidic systems are growing in relevance in bioanalytical-related fields, especially due to the increased sensitivity, faster reaction times and lower sample/reagent consumption of many of its derived bioassays. Often applied to homogeneous (liquid/liquid) reactions, innovative strategies for the implementation of heterogeneous (typically solid/liquid) processes have recently been proposed. These involve, for example, the extraction and purification of target analytes from complex matrices or the implementation of multi-step protocols requiring efficient washing steps. To achieve this, solid supports such as functionalized particles (micro or nanometric) presenting different physical properties (e.g. magnetic, optical or others) are used for the binding of specific entities. The manipulation of such supports with different microfluidic principles has both led to the miniaturization of existing biomedical protocols and the development of completely new strategies for diagnostics and research. In this review, multiphase and droplet-based microfluidic systems using solid suspensions are presented and discussed with a particular focus on: i) working principles and technological developments of the manipulation strategies and ii) applications, critically discussing the level of maturity of these systems, which can range from initial proofs of concept to real clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serra
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France.
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152
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Gupta SD, Sachs Z. Novel single-cell technologies in acute myeloid leukemia research. Transl Res 2017; 189:123-135. [PMID: 28802867 PMCID: PMC6584944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a lethal malignancy because patients who initially respond to chemotherapy eventually relapse with treatment refractory disease. Relapse is caused by leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that reestablish the disease through self-renewal. Self-renewal is the ability of a stem cell to produce copies of itself and give rise to progeny cells. Therefore, therapeutic strategies eradicating LSCs are essential to prevent relapse and achieve long-term remission in AML. AML is a heterogeneous disease both at phenotypic and genotypic levels, and this heterogeneity extends to LSCs. Classical studies in AML have aimed at characterization of the bulk tumor population, thereby masking cellular heterogeneity. Single-cell approaches provide a novel opportunity to elucidate molecular mechanisms in heterogeneous diseases such as AML. In recent years, major advancements in single-cell measurement systems have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of AML and enabled the characterization of LSCs. Identifying the molecular mechanisms critical to AML LSCs will aid in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Zohar Sachs
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
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153
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Yamamura S, Yamada E, Kimura F, Miyajima K, Shigeto H. Separation and Analysis of Adherent and Non-Adherent Cancer Cells Using a Single-Cell Microarray Chip. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102410. [PMID: 29065470 PMCID: PMC5677269 DOI: 10.3390/s17102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new single-cell microarray chip was designed and developed to separate and analyze single adherent and non-adherent cancer cells. The single-cell microarray chip is made of polystyrene with over 60,000 microchambers of 10 different size patterns (31–40 µm upper diameter, 11–20 µm lower diameter). A drop of suspension of adherent carcinoma (NCI-H1650) and non-adherent leukocyte (CCRF-CEM) cells was placed onto the chip, and single-cell occupancy of NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM was determined to be 79% and 84%, respectively. This was achieved by controlling the chip design and surface treatment. Analysis of protein expression in single NCI-H1650 and CCRF-CEM cells was performed on the single-cell microarray chip by multi-antibody staining. Additionally, with this system, we retrieved positive single cells from the microchambers by a micromanipulator. Thus, this system demonstrates the potential for easy and accurate separation and analysis of various types of single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yamamura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Eriko Yamada
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Fukiko Kimura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Kumiko Miyajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
| | - Hajime Shigeto
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan.
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154
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Andreiuk B, Reisch A, Lindecker M, Follain G, Peyriéras N, Goetz JG, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles for Cell Barcoding In Vitro and In Vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701582. [PMID: 28791769 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymer nanoparticles for long-term labeling and tracking of living cells with any desired color code are developed. They are built from biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer loaded with cyanine dyes (DiO, DiI, and DiD) with the help of bulky fluorinated counterions, which minimize aggregation-caused quenching. At the single particle level, these particles are ≈20-fold brighter than quantum dots of similar color. Due to their identical 40 nm size and surface properties, these nanoparticles are endocytosed equally well by living cells. Mixing nanoparticles of three colors in different proportions generates a homogeneous RGB (red, green, and blue) barcode in cells, which is transmitted through many cell generations. Cell barcoding is validated on 7 cell lines (HeLa, KB, embryonic kidney (293T), Chinese hamster ovary, rat basophilic leucemia, U97, and D2A1), 13 color codes, and it enables simultaneous tracking of co-cultured barcoded cell populations for >2 weeks. It is also applied to studying competition among drug-treated cell populations. This technology enabled six-color imaging in vivo for (1) tracking xenografted cancer cells and (2) monitoring morphogenesis after microinjection in zebrafish embryos. In addition to a robust method of multicolor cell labeling and tracking, this work suggests that multiple functions can be co-localized inside cells by combining structurally close nanoparticles carrying different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Marion Lindecker
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Gautier Follain
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Nadine Peyriéras
- CNRS USR3695 BioEmergences, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, BP 60024, 67401, Illkirch, France
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155
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Akdis M, Andrä I, Annunziato F, Bacher P, Barnaba V, Battistini L, Bauer WM, Baumgart S, Becher B, Beisker W, Berek C, Blanco A, Borsellino G, Boulais PE, Brinkman RR, Büscher M, Busch DH, Bushnell TP, Cao X, Cavani A, Chattopadhyay PK, Cheng Q, Chow S, Clerici M, Cooke A, Cosma A, Cosmi L, Cumano A, Dang VD, Davies D, De Biasi S, Del Zotto G, Della Bella S, Dellabona P, Deniz G, Dessing M, Diefenbach A, Di Santo J, Dieli F, Dolf A, Donnenberg VS, Dörner T, Ehrhardt GRA, Endl E, Engel P, Engelhardt B, Esser C, Everts B, Dreher A, Falk CS, Fehniger TA, Filby A, Fillatreau S, Follo M, Förster I, Foster J, Foulds GA, Frenette PS, Galbraith D, Garbi N, García-Godoy MD, Geginat J, Ghoreschi K, Gibellini L, Goettlinger C, Goodyear CS, Gori A, Grogan J, Gross M, Grützkau A, Grummitt D, Hahn J, Hammer Q, Hauser AE, Haviland DL, Hedley D, Herrera G, Herrmann M, Hiepe F, Holland T, Hombrink P, Houston JP, Hoyer BF, Huang B, Hunter CA, Iannone A, Jäck HM, Jávega B, Jonjic S, Juelke K, Jung S, Kaiser T, Kalina T, Keller B, Khan S, Kienhöfer D, Kroneis T, Kunkel D, Kurts C, Kvistborg P, Lannigan J, Lantz O, Larbi A, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Leipold MD, Levings MK, Litwin V, Liu Y, Lohoff M, Lombardi G, Lopez L, Lovett-Racke A, Lubberts E, Ludewig B, Lugli E, Maecker HT, Martrus G, Matarese G, Maueröder C, McGrath M, McInnes I, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Mills K, Mirrer D, Mjösberg J, Moore J, Moran B, Moretta A, Moretta L, Mosmann TR, Müller S, Müller W, Münz C, Multhoff G, Munoz LE, Murphy KM, Nakayama T, Nasi M, Neudörfl C, Nolan J, Nourshargh S, O'Connor JE, Ouyang W, Oxenius A, Palankar R, Panse I, Peterson P, Peth C, Petriz J, Philips D, Pickl W, Piconese S, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Podolska MJ, Pucillo C, Quataert SA, Radstake TRDJ, Rajwa B, Rebhahn JA, Recktenwald D, Remmerswaal EBM, Rezvani K, Rico LG, Robinson JP, Romagnani C, Rubartelli A, Ruckert B, Ruland J, Sakaguchi S, Sala-de-Oyanguren F, Samstag Y, Sanderson S, Sawitzki B, Scheffold A, Schiemann M, Schildberg F, Schimisky E, Schmid SA, Schmitt S, Schober K, Schüler T, Schulz AR, Schumacher T, Scotta C, Shankey TV, Shemer A, Simon AK, Spidlen J, Stall AM, Stark R, Stehle C, Stein M, Steinmetz T, Stockinger H, Takahama Y, Tarnok A, Tian Z, Toldi G, Tornack J, Traggiai E, Trotter J, Ulrich H, van der Braber M, van Lier RAW, Veldhoen M, Vento-Asturias S, Vieira P, Voehringer D, Volk HD, von Volkmann K, Waisman A, Walker R, Ward MD, Warnatz K, Warth S, Watson JV, Watzl C, Wegener L, Wiedemann A, Wienands J, Willimsky G, Wing J, Wurst P, Yu L, Yue A, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Ziegler S, Zimmermann J. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1584-1797. [PMID: 29023707 PMCID: PMC9165548 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang M Bauer
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Beisker
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health
| | - Claudia Berek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Flow Cytometry Core Technologies, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Boulais
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ryan R Brinkman
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Büscher
- Biopyhsics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- DZIF - National Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Focus Group ''Clinical Cell Processing and Purification", Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy P Bushnell
- Department of Pediatrics and Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States of America
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Immunology & Center for Immunotherapy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | | | | | - Qingyu Cheng
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Medizinische Immunolologie Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sue Chow
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Clerici
- University of Milano and Don C Gnocchi Foundation IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Cosma
- CEA - Université Paris Sud - INSERM U, Immunology of viral infections and autoimmune diseases, France
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italia
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphopoiesis Unit, Immunology Department Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Facility, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Della Bella
- University of Milan, Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Lab of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Head, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Günnur Deniz
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Dieli
- University of Palermo, Department of Biopathology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreas Dolf
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vera S Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Endl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, (Core Facility Flow Cytometry) University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Pablo Engel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Professor for Immunobiology, Director, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Esser
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bart Everts
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Parasitology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Dreher
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, MHH Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infectious diseases (DZIF), TTU-IICH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Todd A Fehniger
- Divisions of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Andrew Filby
- The Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U-CNRS UMR, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gemma A Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - David Galbraith
- University of Arizona, Bio Institute, School of Plant Sciences and Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jens Geginat
- INGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow
| | - Andrea Gori
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, "San Gerardo" Hospital - ASST Monza, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Jane Grogan
- Genentech, Department of Cancer Immunology, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mor Gross
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jonas Hahn
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Immundynamics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - David Hedley
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guadalupe Herrera
- Cytometry Service, Incliva Foundation. Clinic Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Medizinische Immunolologie Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Holland
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica P Houston
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Bimba F Hoyer
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Medizinische Immunolologie Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Internal Medicine III, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of MolecularMedicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatriz Jávega
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Proteomics, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department for Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kerstin Juelke
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Toralf Kaiser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Baerbel Keller
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Srijit Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah Kienhöfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Medical University of Graz, Institute of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
- Centre d'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy Institut Curie (CIC-BT1428), Institut Curie, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Principal Investigator, Biology of Aging Program
- Director Flow Cytomerty Platform, Immunomonitoring Platform, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
- Faculty of Sciences, ElManar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Michael D Leipold
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia & British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | | | - Amy Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Holden T Maecker
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy and Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Mairi McGrath
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iain McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow
| | - Henrik E Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Senior Group on Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kingston Mills
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mirrer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Jonni Moore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barry Moran
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica-CEBR, Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim R Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susann Müller
- Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environemntal Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Müller
- Bill Ford Chair in Cellular Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Münz
- University of Zurich, Institute of Experimental Immunology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Experimental Immune Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Munoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Christine Neudörfl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, MHH Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Nolan
- The Scintillon Institute, Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - José-Enrique O'Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Raghav Palankar
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabel Panse
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Peth
- Biopyhsics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daisy Philips
- Division of immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Winfried Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Chromocyte Limited, Electric Works, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malgorzata Justyna Podolska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Carlo Pucillo
- Univeristy of Udine - Department of Medicine, Lab of Immunology, Udine, Italy
| | - Sally A Quataert
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, In, USA
| | - Jonathan A Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology and Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Katy Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura G Rico
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Paul Robinson
- The SVM Professor of Cytomics & Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Beate Ruckert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Francisco Sala-de-Oyanguren
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Valencia. Av. Blasco Ibáñez, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Sanderson
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology,Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Schildberg
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephan A Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmitt
- Imaging and Cytometry Core Facility, Flow Cytometry Unit, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ton Schumacher
- Division of immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
| | - Cristiano Scotta
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | | | - Anat Shemer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Josef Spidlen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Stehle
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Merle Stein
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobit Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yousuke Takahama
- Division of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Attila Tarnok
- Departement for Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, IMISE, Leipzig, Germany
| | - ZhiGang Tian
- School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease of Chinese Academy of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gergely Toldi
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julia Tornack
- Senior Group on Lymphocyte Development, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo
| | | | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paulo Vieira
- Unité Lymphopoiese, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Wasserturmstr. 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Warth
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | | | - Carsten Watzl
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund, IfADo, Department of Immunology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonie Wegener
- Biopyhsics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August-Universität, Abt. Zelluläre und Molekulare Immunologie, Humboldtallee 34, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Cooperation Unit for Experimental and Translational Cancer Immunology, Institute of Immunology (Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - James Wing
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Peter Wurst
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alice Yue
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | | | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (DKF), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse, Bern
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156
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Lekishvili T, Campbell JJ. Rapid comparative immunophenotyping of human mesenchymal stromal cells by a modified fluorescent cell barcoding flow cytometric assay. Cytometry A 2017; 93:905-915. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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157
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Skilitsi AI, Turko T, Cianfarani D, Barre S, Uhring W, Hassiepen U, Léonard J. Towards sensitive, high-throughput, biomolecular assays based on fluorescence lifetime. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 5:034002. [PMID: 28699919 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa7f66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence detection for robust sensing of biomolecular interactions is developed by implementing time-correlated single photon counting in high-throughput conditions. Droplet microfluidics is used as a promising platform for the very fast handling of low-volume samples. We illustrate the potential of this very sensitive and cost-effective technology in the context of an enzymatic activity assay based on fluorescently-labeled biomolecules. Fluorescence lifetime detection by time-correlated single photon counting is shown to enable reliable discrimination between positive and negative control samples at a throughput as high as several hundred samples per second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ioanna Skilitsi
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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158
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Ku TSN, Bernardo S, Walraven CJ, Lee SA. Candidiasis and the impact of flow cytometry on antifungal drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1127-1137. [PMID: 28876963 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1377179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive candidiasis continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality as well as substantial health care costs nationally and globally. One of the contributing factors is the development of resistance to antifungal agents that are already in clinical use. Moreover, there are known treatment limitations with all of the available antifungal agents. Since traditional techniques in novel drug discovery are time consuming, high-throughput screening using flow cytometry presents as a potential tool to identify new antifungal agents that would be useful in the management of these patients. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the use of automated high-throughput screening assays based upon flow cytometry to identify potential antifungals from a library comprised of a large number of bioactive compounds. They also review studies that employed the use of this research methodology that has identified compounds with antifungal activity. Expert opinion: High-throughput screening using flow cytometry has substantially decreased the processing time necessary for screening thousands of compounds, and has helped enhance our understanding of fungal pathogenesis. Indeed, the authors see this technology as a powerful tool to help scientists identify new antifungal agents that can be added to the clinician's arsenal in their fight against invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsun Sheng N Ku
- a Section of Infectious Diseases , New Mexico VA Health Care System , Albuquerque , NM , USA.,b Division of Infectious Diseases , University of New Mexico Health Science Center , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Stella Bernardo
- a Section of Infectious Diseases , New Mexico VA Health Care System , Albuquerque , NM , USA.,b Division of Infectious Diseases , University of New Mexico Health Science Center , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Carla J Walraven
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Services , University of New Mexico Hospital , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Samuel A Lee
- a Section of Infectious Diseases , New Mexico VA Health Care System , Albuquerque , NM , USA.,b Division of Infectious Diseases , University of New Mexico Health Science Center , Albuquerque , NM , USA
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159
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Merat SJ, van de Berg D, Bru C, Yasuda E, Breij E, Kootstra N, Prins M, Molenkamp R, Bakker AQ, de Jong MD, Spits H, Schinkel J, Beaumont T. Multiplex flow cytometry-based assay to study the breadth of antibody responses against E1E2 glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus. J Immunol Methods 2017; 454:15-26. [PMID: 28855105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global public health problem. Early induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies during acute infection correlates with the spontaneous clearance of HCV. Understanding the antibody response in multiple subjects in large-scale studies would greatly benefit vaccine development. To determine the breadth of a polyclonal-serum antibody response, and or, the monoclonal antibodies against the different HCV E1E2 genotypes, we developed a quick and high throughput flow cytometry assay using fluorescent cell barcoding to distinguish cells transfected with different E1E2 sequences in a single measurement. HCV-specific antibodies recognizing conformational epitopes were tested for binding to cells transfected with E1E2 from six genotypes. In this assay, 1500 samples can be analyzed for specific binding to 6 different HCV E1E2 sequences within 8h. Plasma of HCV infected subjects were tested in our assay allowing us to determine the breadth of their antibody response. In summary, we developed a quick and high throughput assay to study the specificity of an antibody response against multiple HCV E1E2 sequences simultaneously. This assay can also be used to facilitate the discovery of novel antibodies, and because other flavi- and picornaviruses have similar intracellular assembly mechanisms, this approach can be used to study the antibody response against such viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina J Merat
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Camille Bru
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etsuko Yasuda
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Breij
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research, Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases Research and Prevention, Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of infectious diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Q Bakker
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno D de Jong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hergen Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Beaumont
- AIMM Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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160
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Lu M, Chan BM, Schow PW, Chang WS, King CT. High-throughput screening of hybridoma supernatants using multiplexed fluorescent cell barcoding on live cells. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:20-27. [PMID: 28803843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With current available assay formats using either immobilized protein (ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or immunostaining of fixed cells for primary monoclonal antibody (mAb) screening, researchers often fail to identify and characterize antibodies that recognize the native conformation of cell-surface antigens. Therefore, screening using live cells has become an integral and important step contributing to the successful identification of therapeutic antibody candidates. Thus the need for developing high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies using live cells has become a major priority for therapeutic mAb discovery and development. We have developed a novel technique called Multiplexed Fluorescent Cell Barcoding (MFCB), a flow cytometry-based method based upon the Fluorescent Cell Barcoding (FCB) technique and the Luminex fluorescent bead array system, but is applicable to high-through mAb screens on live cells. Using this technique in our system, we can simultaneously identify or characterize the antibody-antigen binding of up to nine unique fluorescent labeled cell populations in the time that it would normally take to process a single population. This has significantly reduced the amount of time needed for the identification of potential lead candidates. This new technology enables investigators to conduct large-scale primary hybridoma screens using flow cytometry. This in turn has allowed us to screen antibodies more efficiently than before and streamline identification and characterization of lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Brian M Chan
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1V7, Canada
| | - Peter W Schow
- Medical Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Wesley S Chang
- Medical Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | - Chadwick T King
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen Inc., Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1V7, Canada.
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161
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Giudice V, Feng X, Kajigaya S, Young NS, Biancotto A. Optimization and standardization of fluorescent cell barcoding for multiplexed flow cytometric phenotyping. Cytometry A 2017; 91:694-703. [PMID: 28692789 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent cell barcoding (FCB) is a cell-based multiplexing technique for high-throughput flow cytometry. Barcoded samples can be stained and acquired collectively, minimizing staining variability and antibody consumption, and decreasing required sample volumes. Combined with functional measurements, FCB can be used for drug screening, signaling profiling, and cytokine detection, but technical issues are present. We optimized the FCB technique for routine utilization using DyLight 350, DyLight 800, Pacific Orange, and CBD500 for barcoding six, nine, or 36 human peripheral blood specimens. Working concentrations of FCB dyes ranging from 0 to 500 μg/ml were tested, and viability dye staining was optimized to increase robustness of data. A five-color staining with surface markers for Vβ usage analysis in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was achieved in combination with nine sample barcoding. We provide improvements of the FCB technique that should be useful for multiplex drug screening and for lymphocyte characterization and perturbations in the diagnosis and during the course of disease. Published 2017 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry. This article is a US government work and as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giudice
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1202
| | - Xingmin Feng
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1202
| | - Sachiko Kajigaya
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1202
| | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1202
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1202
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162
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Lan WJ, Lin YM, Men ZH, Yan L. Surface-decorated S. cerevisiae for flow cytometric array immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:5259-5267. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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163
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An Immune Atlas of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell 2017; 169:736-749.e18. [PMID: 28475899 PMCID: PMC5422211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate cancer progression and are attractive therapeutic targets. Macrophages and T cells are key components of the microenvironment, yet their phenotypes and relationships in this ecosystem and to clinical outcomes are ill defined. We used mass cytometry with extensive antibody panels to perform in-depth immune profiling of samples from 73 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients and five healthy controls. In 3.5 million measured cells, we identified 17 tumor-associated macrophage phenotypes, 22 T cell phenotypes, and a distinct immune composition correlated with progression-free survival, thereby presenting an in-depth human atlas of the immune tumor microenvironment in this disease. This study revealed potential biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy development and validated tools that can be used for immune profiling of other tumor types. Mass cytometry reveals the immune cell diversity of the ccRCC tumor ecosystem PD-1+ cells display heterogeneous combinations of inhibitory receptors CD38+CD204+CD206− tumor-associated macrophages correlate with immunosuppression A specific immune signature is linked to shorter progression-free survival
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Burkholder WF, Newell EW, Poidinger M, Chen S, Fink K. Deep Sequencing in Infectious Diseases: Immune and Pathogen Repertoires for the Improvement of Patient Outcomes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:593. [PMID: 28620372 PMCID: PMC5451494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inaugural workshop “Deep Sequencing in Infectious Diseases: Immune and Pathogen Repertoires for the Improvement of Patient Outcomes” was held in Singapore on 13–14 October 2016. The aim of the workshop was to discuss the latest trends in using high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and allied technologies to analyze immune and pathogen repertoires and their interplay within the host, bringing together key international players in the field and Singapore-based researchers and clinician-scientists. The focus was in particular on the application of these technologies for the improvement of patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and for other broad public health outcomes. The presentations by scientists and clinicians showed the potential of deep sequencing technology to capture the coevolution of adaptive immunity and pathogens. For clinical applications, some key challenges remain, such as the long turnaround time and relatively high cost of deep sequencing for pathogen identification and characterization and the lack of international standardization in immune repertoire analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Burkholder
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evan W Newell
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swaine Chen
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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165
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Lin G, Makarov D, Schmidt OG. Magnetic sensing platform technologies for biomedical applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1884-1912. [PMID: 28485417 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of a variety of micro- and nanoscale entities, e.g. molecules, cells, and particles, are crucial components of modern biomedical research, in which biosensing platform technologies play a vital role. Confronted with the drastic global demographic changes, future biomedical research entails continuous development of new-generation biosensing platforms targeting even lower costs, more compactness, and higher throughput, sensitivity and selectivity. Among a wide choice of fundamental biosensing principles, magnetic sensing technologies enabled by magnetic field sensors and magnetic particles offer attractive advantages. The key features of a magnetic sensing format include the use of commercially available magnetic field sensing elements, e.g. magnetoresistive sensors which bear huge potential for compact integration, a magnetic field sensing mechanism which is free from interference by complex biomedical samples, and an additional degree of freedom for the on-chip handling of biochemical species rendered by magnetic labels. In this review, we highlight the historical basis, routes, recent advances and applications of magnetic biosensing platform technologies based on magnetoresistive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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166
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Kuo CT, Peng HS, Rong Y, Yu J, Sun W, Fujimoto B, Chiu DT. Optically Encoded Semiconducting Polymer Dots with Single-Wavelength Excitation for Barcoding and Tracking of Single Cells. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6232-6238. [PMID: 28499337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed optical encoding is emerging as a powerful technique for high-throughput cellular analysis and molecular assays. Most of the developed optical barcodes, however, either suffer from large particle size or are incompatible with most commercial optical instruments. Here, a new type of nanoscale fluorescent barcode (Pdot barcodes) was prepared from semiconducting polymers. The Pdot barcodes possess the merits of small size (∼20 nm in diameter), narrow emission bands (full-width-at-half-maximum (fwhm) of 30-40 nm), three-color emissions (blue, green, and red) under single-wavelength excitation, a high brightness, good pH and thermal stability, and efficient cellular uptake. The Pdot barcodes were prepared using a three-color and six-intensity encoding strategy; for ratiometric readout of the barcodes, one of the colors might be used as an internal reference. We used the Pdot barcodes to label 20 sets of cancer cells and then distinguished and identified each set based on the Pdot barcodes using flow cytometry. We also monitored and tracked single cells labeled with different Pdot barcodes, even through rounds of cell division. These results suggest Pdot barcodes are strong candidates for discriminating different labeled cell and for long-term cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Hong-Shang Peng
- College of Science, Minzu University of China , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bryant Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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167
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Taraldsrud E, Fevang B, Jørgensen SF, Moltu K, Hilden V, Taskén K, Aukrust P, Myklebust JH, Olweus J. Defective IL-4 signaling in T cells defines severe common variable immunodeficiency. J Autoimmun 2017; 81:110-119. [PMID: 28476239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is defined by hypogammaglobulinemia and B-cell dysfunction, with significant clinical and immunological heterogeneity. Severe non-infectious complications, such as autoimmunity, granulomatous disease and splenomegaly, constitute a major cause of morbidity in CVID patients. T cells are generally regarded important for development of these clinical features. However, while T-cell abnormalities have been found in CVID patients, functional characteristics of T cells corresponding to well-defined clinical subtypes have not been identified. As common γ-chain cytokines play important roles in survival and differentiation of T cells, characterization of their signaling pathways could reveal functional differences of clinical relevance. We characterized CVID T cells functionally by studies of cytokine-induced signaling, and correlated the findings to defined clinical subtypes. Peripheral blood T cells from 29 CVID patients and 19 healthy donors were analyzed for i) phenotype, ii) cytokine-induced (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7 and IL-21) phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, STAT5 and STAT6, and iii) T-helper (Th)1/Th2 polarization. Expression of IL-4 receptor and downstream signaling molecules was measured. A subgroup of CVID patients (n = 7) was identified by impaired IL-4-induced p-STAT6 in naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. This corresponded to patients with the largest accumulation of severe (non-infectious) complications. The signaling defect persisted over years and was not due to constitutively activated p-STAT6. The CD4 T cells were strongly Th1-skewed, but IL-4 signaling was impaired independently of Th status. However, IL-4Rα and Janus kinase (JAK) 1 mRNA levels were significantly lower than in normal donors, providing a likely mechanism for the defective IL-4-induced p-STAT6 and Th1-bias. In conclusion, we identified a subgroup of CVID patients with defective IL-4 signaling in T cells, with severe clinical features of inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Taraldsrud
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje F Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Moltu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vera Hilden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - June H Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johanna Olweus
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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168
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Abstract
Mass cytometry utilizes antibodies conjugated with heavy metal labels, an approach that has greatly increased the number of parameters and opportunities for deep analysis well beyond what is possible with conventional fluorescence-based flow cytometry. As with any new technology, there are critical steps that help ensure the reliable generation of high-quality data. Presented here is an optimized protocol that incorporates multiple techniques for the processing of cell samples for mass cytometry analysis. The methods described here will help the user avoid common pitfalls and achieve consistent results by minimizing variability, which can lead to inaccurate data. To inform experimental design, the rationale behind optional or alternative steps in the protocol and their efficacy in uncovering new findings in the biology of the system being investigated is covered. Lastly, representative data is presented to illustrate expected results from the techniques presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L McCarthy
- Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center;
| | - Aundrietta D Duncan
- Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Michelle C Barton
- Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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169
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D'Antonio M, Woodruff G, Nathanson JL, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Arias A, Matsui H, Williams R, Herrera C, Reyna SM, Yeo GW, Goldstein LSB, Panopoulos AD, Frazer KA. High-Throughput and Cost-Effective Characterization of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1101-1111. [PMID: 28410643 PMCID: PMC5390243 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers the possibility of studying the molecular mechanisms underlying human diseases in cell types difficult to extract from living patients, such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. To date, studies have been published that use small panels of iPSC-derived cell lines to study monogenic diseases. However, to study complex diseases, where the genetic variation underlying the disorder is unknown, a sizable number of patient-specific iPSC lines and controls need to be generated. Currently the methods for deriving and characterizing iPSCs are time consuming, expensive, and, in some cases, descriptive but not quantitative. Here we set out to develop a set of simple methods that reduce cost and increase throughput in the characterization of iPSC lines. Specifically, we outline methods for high-throughput quantification of surface markers, gene expression analysis of in vitro differentiation potential, and evaluation of karyotype with markedly reduced cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo D'Antonio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Grace Woodruff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason L Nathanson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Angelo Arias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hiroko Matsui
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roy Williams
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Cheryl Herrera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sol M Reyna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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170
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Comi TJ, Do TD, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Categorizing Cells on the Basis of their Chemical Profiles: Progress in Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3920-3929. [PMID: 28135079 PMCID: PMC5364434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical differences between individual cells within large cellular populations provide unique information on organisms' homeostasis and the development of diseased states. Even genetically identical cell lineages diverge due to local microenvironments and stochastic processes. The minute sample volumes and low abundance of some constituents in cells hinder our understanding of cellular heterogeneity. Although amplification methods facilitate single-cell genomics and transcriptomics, the characterization of metabolites and proteins remains challenging both because of the lack of effective amplification approaches and the wide diversity in cellular constituents. Mass spectrometry has become an enabling technology for the investigation of individual cellular metabolite profiles with its exquisite sensitivity, large dynamic range, and ability to characterize hundreds to thousands of compounds. While advances in instrumentation have improved figures of merit, acquiring measurements at high throughput and sampling from large populations of cells are still not routine. In this Perspective, we highlight the current trends and progress in mass-spectrometry-based analysis of single cells, with a focus on the technologies that will enable the next generation of single-cell measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J. Comi
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Thanh D. Do
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and
the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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171
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Mohme M, Maire CL, Riecken K, Zapf S, Aranyossy T, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Fehse B. Optical Barcoding for Single-Clone Tracking to Study Tumor Heterogeneity. Mol Ther 2017; 25:621-633. [PMID: 28109958 PMCID: PMC5363186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified as one of the strongest drivers of treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Therefore, investigating the complex clonal architecture of tumors over time has become a major challenge in cancer research. We developed a new fluorescent "optical barcoding" technique that allows fast tracking, identification, and quantification of live cell clones in vitro and in vivo using flow cytometry (FC). We optically barcoded two cell lines derived from malignant glioma, an exemplary heterogeneous brain tumor. In agreement with mathematical combinatorics, we demonstrate that up to 41 clones can unambiguously be marked using six fluorescent proteins and a maximum of three colors per clone. We show that optical barcoding facilitates sensitive, precise, rapid, and inexpensive analysis of clonal composition kinetics of heterogeneous cell populations by FC. We further assessed the quantitative contribution of multiple clones to glioblastoma growth in vivo and we highlight the potential to recover individual viable cell clones by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In summary, we demonstrate that optical barcoding is a powerful technique for clonal cell tracking in vitro and in vivo, rendering this approach a potent tool for studying the heterogeneity of complex tissues, in particular, cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Mohme
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Zapf
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Aranyossy
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Laboratory for Brain Tumor Biology, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Boris Fehse
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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172
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Maetzig T, Ruschmann J, Lai CK, Ngom M, Imren S, Rosten P, Norddahl GL, von Krosigk N, Sanchez Milde L, May C, Selich A, Rothe M, Dhillon I, Schambach A, Humphries RK. A Lentiviral Fluorescent Genetic Barcoding System for Flow Cytometry-Based Multiplex Tracking. Mol Ther 2017; 25:606-620. [PMID: 28253481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral integration site analysis and barcoding have been instrumental for multiplex clonal fate mapping, although their use imposes an inherent delay between sample acquisition and data analysis. Monitoring of multiple cell populations in real time would be advantageous, but multiplex assays compatible with flow cytometric tracking of competitive growth behavior are currently limited. We here describe the development and initial validation of three generations of lentiviral fluorescent genetic barcoding (FGB) systems that allow the creation of 26, 14, or 6 unique labels. Color-coded populations could be tracked in multiplex in vitro assays for up to 28 days by flow cytometry using all three vector systems. Those involving lower levels of multiplexing eased color-code generation and the reliability of vector expression and enabled functional in vitro and in vivo studies. In proof-of-principle experiments, FGB vectors facilitated in vitro multiplex screening of microRNA (miRNA)-induced growth advantages, as well as the in vivo recovery of color-coded progeny of murine and human hematopoietic stem cells. This novel series of FGB vectors provides new tools for assessing comparative growth properties in in vitro and in vivo multiplexing experiments, while simultaneously allowing for a reduction in sample numbers by up to 26-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Maetzig
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jens Ruschmann
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Courteney K Lai
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Mor Ngom
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Suzan Imren
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Patricia Rosten
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gudmundur L Norddahl
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Niklas von Krosigk
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lea Sanchez Milde
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Christopher May
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Anton Selich
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Rothe
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ishpreet Dhillon
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Keith Humphries
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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173
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Brumbaugh K, Liao WC, Houchins JP, Cooper J, Stoesz S. Phosphosite-Specific Antibodies: A Brief Update on Generation and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1554:1-40. [PMID: 28185181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6759-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate addition is a posttranslational modification of proteins, and this modification can affect the activity and other properties of intracellular proteins. Different animal species can be used to generate phosphosite-specific antibodies as either polyclonals or monoclonals, and each approach offers its own benefits and disadvantages. The validation of phosphosite-specific antibodies requires multiple techniques and tactics to demonstrate their specificity. These antibodies can be used in arrays, flow cytometry, and imaging platforms. The specificity of phosphosite-specific antibodies is vital for their use in proteomics and profiling of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Brumbaugh
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA.
| | - Wen-Chie Liao
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - J P Houchins
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - Jeff Cooper
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - Steve Stoesz
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
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174
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Gao ML, Wang WJ, Liu L, Han ZB, Wei N, Cao XM, Yuan DQ. Microporous Hexanuclear Ln(III) Cluster-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks: Color Tunability for Barcode Application and Selective Removal of Methylene Blue. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:511-517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bo Han
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Na Wei
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Man Cao
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
| | - Da-Qiang Yuan
- State Key
Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on
the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
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175
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Joulia R, L'Faqihi FE, Valitutti S, Espinosa E. IL-33 fine tunes mast cell degranulation and chemokine production at the single-cell level. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:497-509.e10. [PMID: 27876627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are versatile key components of allergy and inflammation known to respond to both innate and adaptive immunologic stimuli. However, the response of individual mast cells to cumulative stimuli remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We sought to dissect mast cell responses at the single-cell level and their potentiation by IL-33. METHODS We monitored mast cell degranulation in real time by exploiting the capacity of fluorochrome-labeled avidin to stain degranulating cells. During the degranulation process, the granule matrix is externalized and immediately bound by fluorochrome-labeled avidin present in the culture medium. The degranulation process is monitored by using either time-lapse microscopy or fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. RESULTS Single-cell analysis revealed a strong heterogeneity of individual mast cell degranulation responses. We observed that the number of degranulating mast cells was graded according to the FcεRI stimulation strength, whereas the magnitude of individual mast cell degranulation remained unchanged, suggesting an all-or-none response of mast cells after FcεRI triggering. IL-33 pretreatment increased not only the number of degranulating and chemokine-producing mast cells but also the magnitude of individual mast cell degranulation and chemokine production. CONCLUSION We illustrate the effect of IL-33 on mast cell biology at the single-cell level by showing that IL-33 potentiates IgE-mediated mast cell responses by both increasing the number of responding cells and enhancing the responses of individual mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Joulia
- INSERM U1043, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima-Ezzahra L'Faqihi
- INSERM U1043, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- INSERM U1043, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- INSERM U1043, and Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France.
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176
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Jin X, Wu S, She M, Jia Y, Hao L, Yin B, Wang L, Obst M, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li J. Novel Fluorescein-Based Fluorescent Probe for Detecting H 2S and Its Real Applications in Blood Plasma and Biological Imaging. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11253-11260. [PMID: 27780356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A broad-spectrum fluorescent probe, which can be applied to monitoring H2S in various biological systems, has been rationally designed and synthesized. This specific probe was applied to localize the endogenous H2S in living Raw264.7 macrophage cells, HepG2 cells, and H9C2 cells. At the same time, the probe has successfully visualized CBS- and CSE-induced endogenous H2S production and monitored CBS and CSE activity in H9C2 cells. This probe could serve as a powerful molecular imaging tool to further explore the physiological function and the molecular mechanisms of endogenous H2S in living animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilang Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Likai Hao
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Institute for Geoscience, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen , Hölderlinstr. 12, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Bing Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Martin Obst
- Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth , Dr.-Hans-Frisch-Str. 1-3, Bayreuth 95448, Germany
| | - Yehua Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education; Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
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177
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Sulen A, Gullaksen SE, Bader L, McClymont DW, Skavland J, Gavasso S, Gjertsen BT. Signaling effects of sodium hydrosulfide in healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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178
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Fewer Circulating Natural Killer Cells 28 Days After Double Cord Blood Transplantation Predicts Inferior Survival and IL-15 Response. Blood Adv 2016; 1:208-218. [PMID: 29188237 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cell immune reconstitution after double umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT) is rapid and thought to be involved in graft vs. leukemia (GvL) reactions. To investigate the role of NK cell recovery on clinical outcomes, the absolute number of NK cells at Day 28 after dUCBT was determined and patients with low numbers of NK cells had inferior two year disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.96; p=0.04). A detailed developmental and functional analysis of the recovering NK cells was performed to link NK recovery and patient survival. The proportion of NK cells in each developmental stage was similar for patients with low, medium, and high Day 28 NK cell numbers. As compared to healthy controls, patients post-transplant showed reduced NK functional responses upon K562 challenge (CD107a, IFN-γ, and TNFα); however, there were no differences based on Day 28 NK cell number. Patients with low NK numbers had 30% less STAT5 phosphorylation in response to exogenous IL-15 (p=0.04) and decreased Eomes expression (p=0.025) compared to patients with high NK numbers. Decreased STAT5 phosphorylation and Eomes expression may be indicative of reduced sensitivity to IL-15 in the low NK cell group. Incubation of patient samples with IL-15 superagonist (ALT803) increased cytotoxicity and cytokine production in all patient groups. Thus, clinical interventions, including administration of IL-15 early after transplantation may increase NK cell number and function and, in turn, improve transplantation outcomes.
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179
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Moltu K, Henjum K, Oberprieler NG, Bjørnbeth BA, Taskén K. Proximal signaling responses in peripheral T cells from colorectal cancer patients are affected by high concentrations of circulating prostaglandin E 2. Hum Immunol 2016; 78:129-137. [PMID: 27769746 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have been shown to have elevated levels of circulating prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which promotes cancer progression and suppresses T cell immune responses. In this study we evaluated whether signaling responses in T lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of CRC patients were affected by the sustained exposure to increased levels of PGE2. The phosphorylation status of an extended panel of proteins involved in downstream signaling cascades in T cells was profiled at a single cell level both in naïve and antigen-experienced cells after triggering T cell-, prostaglandin- and interleukin-2 receptors. Peripheral T cells from patients with elevated PGE2 levels displayed aberrant T cell signaling responses downstream of the T cell receptor (assessed by reduced phosphorylation of CD3ζ and SLP76), and after triggering the IL-2 receptor (assessed by reduced phosphorylation of STAT5) when compared to T cells from CRC patients with lower levels of PGE2 and T cells from healthy blood donors. This signaling study of circulating T cells from CRC patients indicates that increased systemic PGE2 levels affect proximal T cell responses and confirms phospho-specific flow cytometry to be a valuable tool for revealing signaling signatures in immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Moltu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1137 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karen Henjum
- Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn A Bjørnbeth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1137 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Biotechnology Centre, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1125 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1137 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
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180
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Shen-Orr SS, Furman D, Kidd BA, Hadad F, Lovelace P, Huang YW, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Mackey S, Grisar FAG, Pickman Y, Maecker HT, Chien YH, Dekker CL, Wu JC, Butte AJ, Davis MM. Defective Signaling in the JAK-STAT Pathway Tracks with Chronic Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk in Aging Humans. Cell Syst 2016; 3:374-384.e4. [PMID: 27746093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, a decline in immune responsiveness, and reduced cardiovascular function are all associated with aging, but the relationships among these phenomena remain unclear. Here, we longitudinally profiled a total of 84 signaling conditions in 91 young and older adults and observed an age-related reduction in cytokine responsiveness within four immune cell lineages, most prominently T cells. The phenotype can be partially explained by elevated baseline levels of phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT) proteins and a different response capacity of naive versus memory T cell subsets to interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon α (IFN-α), and, to a lesser extent, IL-21 and IFN-γ. Baseline pSTAT levels tracked with circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and we derived a cytokine response score that negatively correlates with measures of cardiovascular disease, specifically diastolic dysfunction and atherosclerotic burden, outperforming CRP. Thus, we identified an immunological link between inflammation, decreased cell responsiveness in the JAK-STAT pathway, and cardiovascular aging. Targeting chronic inflammation may ameliorate this deficiency in cellular responsiveness and improve cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai S Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A Kidd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francois Hadad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patricia Lovelace
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ying-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sally Mackey
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fatemeh A Gomari Grisar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yishai Pickman
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Holden T Maecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cornelia L Dekker
- Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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181
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Monte E, Rosa-Garrido M, Vondriska TM, Wang J. Undiscovered Physiology of Transcript and Protein Networks. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:1851-1872. [PMID: 27783861 PMCID: PMC10751805 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid evolution in our ability to measure RNA and protein from biological systems. As a result, new principles have arisen regarding how information is processed in cells, how decisions are made, and the role of networks in biology. This essay examines this technological evolution, reviewing (and critiquing) the conceptual framework that has emerged to explain how RNA and protein networks control cellular function. We identify how future investigations into transcriptomes, proteomes, and other cellular networks will enable development of more robust, quantitative models of cellular behavior whilst also providing new avenues to use knowledge of biological networks to improve human health. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1851-1872, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Monte
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Thomas M. Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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182
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Akkaya B, Miozzo P, Holstein AH, Shevach EM, Pierce SK, Akkaya M. A Simple, Versatile Antibody-Based Barcoding Method for Flow Cytometry. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2027-38. [PMID: 27439517 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Barcoding of biological samples is a commonly used strategy to mark or identify individuals within a complex mixture. However, cell barcoding has not yet found wide use in flow cytometry that would benefit greatly from the ability to analyze pooled experimental samples simultaneously. This is due, in part, to technical and practical limitations of current fluorescent dye-based methods. In this study, we describe a simple, versatile barcoding strategy that relies on combinations of a single Ab conjugated to different fluorochromes and thus in principle can be integrated into any flow cytometry application. To demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, we describe the results of a variety of experiments using live cells as well as fixed and permeabilized cells. The results of these studies show that Ab-based barcoding provides a simple, practical method for identifying cells from individual samples pooled for analysis by flow cytometry that has broad applications in immunological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billur Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Pietro Miozzo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Amanda H Holstein
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Susan K Pierce
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Munir Akkaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852
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183
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Sulen A, Lygre SHL, Hjelle SM, Hollund BE, Gjertsen BT. Elevated monocyte phosphorylated p38 in nearby employees after a chemical explosion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29060. [PMID: 27380711 PMCID: PMC4933906 DOI: 10.1038/srep29060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised health surveillance is infrequent or absent in occupational and environmental medicine. The shortage of functional tests in relevant cells and tissues greatly limits our understanding of environmental exposures and associated disease risk. We evaluated single cell signalling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 301 individuals in a cross sectional health survey 18 months after a chemical explosion of sulphorous coker gasoline. The accident created a malodourous environment leading to long-term health complaints. Multiple regression analysis revealed T-cell specific elevated phosphorylation of the stress kinase p-p38 (T180/Y182) among tobacco smokers and monocyte-specific elevated phosphorylation in employees at the explosion site. Other studies of the accident reported reduced tear film stability, and more airway obstruction and subjective health complaints among the employees at the accident site. Elevated monocyte p-p38 in the employee group was independent of such health effects, and could therefore be dependent on the sulphuric malodorous environment. The present study proposes signalling status in leukocytes as a scalable biomarker providing information about environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Sulen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5021 Norway
| | - Stein H L Lygre
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021 Norway
| | - Sigrun M Hjelle
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5021 Norway
| | - Bjørg E Hollund
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5021 Norway.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021 Norway
| | - Bjørn T Gjertsen
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5021 Norway.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, N-5021 Norway
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184
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185
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Smith GA, Uchida K, Weiss A, Taunton J. Essential biphasic role for JAK3 catalytic activity in IL-2 receptor signaling. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:373-9. [PMID: 27018889 PMCID: PMC4837022 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To drive lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, common γ-chain (γc) cytokine receptors require hours to days of sustained stimulation. JAK1 and JAK3 kinases are found together in all γc-receptor complexes, but how their respective catalytic activities contribute to signaling over time is not known. Here we dissect the temporal requirements for JAK3 kinase activity with a selective covalent inhibitor (JAK3i). By monitoring phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT5 over 20 h in CD4(+) T cells stimulated with interleukin 2 (IL-2), we document a second wave of signaling that is much more sensitive to JAK3i than the first wave. Selective inhibition of this second wave is sufficient to block cyclin expression and entry to S phase. An inhibitor-resistant JAK3 mutant (C905S) rescued all effects of JAK3i in isolated T cells and in mice. Our chemical genetic toolkit elucidates a biphasic requirement for JAK3 kinase activity in IL-2-driven T cell proliferation and will find broad utility in studies of γc-receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenji Uchida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jack Taunton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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186
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Long MC, Poganik JR, Aye Y. On-Demand Targeting: Investigating Biology with Proximity-Directed Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3610-22. [PMID: 26907082 PMCID: PMC4805449 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proximity enhancement is a central chemical tenet underpinning an exciting suite of small-molecule toolsets that have allowed us to unravel many biological complexities. The leitmotif of this opus is "tethering"-a strategy in which a multifunctional small molecule serves as a template to bring proteins/biomolecules together. Scaffolding approaches have been powerfully applied to control diverse biological outcomes such as protein-protein association, protein stability, activity, and improve imaging capabilities. A new twist on this strategy has recently appeared, in which the small-molecule probe is engineered to unleash controlled amounts of reactive chemical signals within the microenvironment of a target protein. Modification of a specific target elicits a precisely timed and spatially controlled gain-of-function (or dominant loss-of-function) signaling response. Presented herein is a unique personal outlook conceptualizing the powerful proximity-enhanced chemical biology toolsets into two paradigms: "multifunctional scaffolding" versus "on-demand targeting". By addressing the latest advances and challenges in the established yet constantly evolving multifunctional scaffolding strategies as well as in the emerging on-demand precision targeting (and related) systems, this Perspective is aimed at choosing when it is best to employ each of the two strategies, with an emphasis toward further promoting novel applications and discoveries stemming from these innovative chemical biology platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus
J. C. Long
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
| | - Yimon Aye
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United
States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065, United States
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187
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Galanzha EI, Viegas MG, Malinsky TI, Melerzanov AV, Juratli MA, Sarimollaoglu M, Nedosekin DA, Zharov VP. In vivo acoustic and photoacoustic focusing of circulating cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21531. [PMID: 26979811 PMCID: PMC4793240 DOI: 10.1038/srep21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo flow cytometry using vessels as natural tubes with native cell flows has revolutionized the study of rare circulating tumor cells in a complex blood background. However, the presence of many blood cells in the detection volume makes it difficult to count each cell in this volume. We introduce method for manipulation of circulating cells in vivo with the use of gradient acoustic forces induced by ultrasound and photoacoustic waves. In a murine model, we demonstrated cell trapping, redirecting and focusing in blood and lymph flow into a tight stream, noninvasive wall-free transportation of blood, and the potential for photoacoustic detection of sickle cells without labeling and of leukocytes targeted by functionalized nanoparticles. Integration of cell focusing with intravital imaging methods may provide a versatile biological tool for single-cell analysis in circulation, with a focus on in vivo needleless blood tests, and preclinical studies of human diseases in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Galanzha
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mark G Viegas
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Taras I Malinsky
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia, 107005
| | | | - Mazen A Juratli
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Dmitry A Nedosekin
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Vladimir P Zharov
- Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, Arkansas 72205.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
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188
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Doucette J, Zhao Z, Geyer RJ, Barra MM, Balunas MJ, Zweifach A. Flow Cytometry Enables Multiplexed Measurements of Genetically Encoded Intramolecular FRET Sensors Suitable for Screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:535-47. [DOI: 10.1177/1087057116634007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded sensors based on intramolecular FRET between CFP and YFP are used extensively in cell biology research. Flow cytometry has been shown to offer a means to measure CFP-YFP FRET; we suspected it would provide a unique way to conduct multiplexed measurements from cells expressing different FRET sensors, which is difficult to do with microscopy, and that this could be used for screening. We confirmed that flow cytometry accurately measures FRET signals using cells transiently transfected with an ERK activity reporter, comparing responses measured with imaging and cytometry. We created polyclonal long-term transfectant lines, each expressing a different intramolecular FRET sensor, and devised a way to bar-code four distinct populations of cells. We demonstrated the feasibility of multiplexed measurements and determined that robust multiplexed measurements can be conducted in plate format. To validate the suitability of the method for screening, we measured responses from a plate of bacterial extracts that in unrelated experiments we had determined contained the protein kinase C (PKC)–activating compound teleocidin A-1. The multiplexed assay correctly identifying the teleocidin A-1-containing well. We propose that multiplexed cytometric FRET measurements will be useful for analyzing cellular function and for screening compound collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimee Doucette
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
| | - Rory J. Geyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
| | - Melanie M. Barra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
| | - Marcy J. Balunas
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
| | - Adam Zweifach
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT
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189
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Hasvold G, Lund-Andersen C, Lando M, Patzke S, Hauge S, Suo Z, Lyng H, Syljuåsen RG. Hypoxia-induced alterations of G2 checkpoint regulators. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:764-73. [PMID: 26791779 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes an aggressive tumor phenotype with increased genomic instability, partially due to downregulation of DNA repair pathways. However, genome stability is also surveilled by cell cycle checkpoints. An important issue is therefore whether hypoxia also can influence the DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we show that hypoxia (24 h 0.2% O2) alters the expression of several G2 checkpoint regulators, as examined by microarray gene expression analysis and immunoblotting of U2OS cells. While some of the changes reflected hypoxia-induced inhibition of cell cycle progression, the levels of several G2 checkpoint regulators, in particular Cyclin B, were reduced in G2 phase cells after hypoxic exposure, as shown by flow cytometric barcoding analysis of individual cells. These effects were accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of a Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) target in G2 phase cells after hypoxia, suggesting decreased CDK activity. Furthermore, cells pre-exposed to hypoxia showed increased G2 checkpoint arrest upon treatment with ionizing radiation. Similar results were found following other hypoxic conditions (∼0.03% O2 20 h and 0.2% O2 72 h). These results demonstrate that the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint can be altered as a consequence of hypoxia, and we propose that such alterations may influence the genome stability of hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grete Hasvold
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christin Lund-Andersen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Malin Lando
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sissel Hauge
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - ZhenHe Suo
- Department of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Lyng
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi G Syljuåsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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190
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Wang X, Hu YZ, Chen A, Wu Y, Aggeler R, Low Q, Kang HC, Gee KR. Water-soluble poly(2,7-dibenzosilole) as an ultra-bright fluorescent label for antibody-based flow cytometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4022-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble PEGylated dibenzosilole-based fluorescent polymers were prepared, and the conjugated antibody showed significantly enhanced signal and sensitivity in flow cytometry.
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191
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Wang C, Li X, Zhang F. Bioapplications and biotechnologies of upconversion nanoparticle-based nanosensors. Analyst 2016; 141:3601-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00150e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which can emit ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) light under near-infrared (NIR) excitation, are regarded as a new generation of nanoprobes because of their unique optical properties, including a virtually zero auto-fluorescence background for the improved signal-to-noise ratio, narrow emission bandwidths and high resistance to photo-bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Fudan University
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192
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Abstract
Phospho flow cytometry is a powerful technique for the detection of protein phosphorylation events that, like Western blotting, relies on phospho-epitope-specific antibodies. In contrast to the latter, however, multidimensional and directly quantifiable data is obtained at the single-cell level allowing separate analysis of small cell populations in complex cellular mixtures. Furthermore, up to 30 phospho-specific antibodies or antibodies identifying other posttranslational modifications in combination with cell surface markers can be analyzed in a single experiment. Utilizing a technique called fluorescent cell barcoding that enables combination of up to 64 samples into one tube for multiplex analysis and later data deconvolution, phospho flow cytometry is turned into a medium- to high-throughput technology.
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193
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Chen R, Rishi HS, Potapov V, Yamada MR, Yeh VJ, Chow T, Cheung CL, Jones AT, Johnson TD, Keating AE, DeLoache WC, Dueber JE. A Barcoding Strategy Enabling Higher-Throughput Library Screening by Microscopy. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:1205-16. [PMID: 26155738 PMCID: PMC4654675 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.5b00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic progress has been made in the design and build phases of the design-build-test cycle for engineering cells. However, the test phase usually limits throughput, as many outputs of interest are not amenable to rapid analytical measurements. For example, phenotypes such as motility, morphology, and subcellular localization can be readily measured by microscopy, but analysis of these phenotypes is notoriously slow. To increase throughput, we developed microscopy-readable barcodes (MiCodes) composed of fluorescent proteins targeted to discernible organelles. In this system, a unique barcode can be genetically linked to each library member, making possible the parallel analysis of phenotypes of interest via microscopy. As a first demonstration, we MiCoded a set of synthetic coiled-coil leucine zipper proteins to allow an 8 × 8 matrix to be tested for specific interactions in micrographs consisting of mixed populations of cells. A novel microscopy-readable two-hybrid fluorescence localization assay for probing candidate interactions in the cytosol was also developed using a bait protein targeted to the peroxisome and a prey protein tagged with a fluorescent protein. This work introduces a generalizable, scalable platform for making microscopy amenable to higher-throughput library screening experiments, thereby coupling the power of imaging with the utility of combinatorial search paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Harneet S. Rishi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vladimir Potapov
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Masaki R. Yamada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vincent J. Yeh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Chow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Celia L. Cheung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Austin T. Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Terry D. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amy E. Keating
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - William C. DeLoache
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - John E. Dueber
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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194
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RasGRP1 overexpression in T-ALL increases basal nucleotide exchange on Ras rendering the Ras/PI3K/Akt pathway responsive to protumorigenic cytokines. Oncogene 2015; 35:3658-68. [PMID: 26549032 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ras GTPases are activated by RasGEFs and inactivated by RasGAPs, which stimulate the hydrolysis of RasGTP to inactive RasGDP. GTPase-impairing somatic mutations in RAS genes, such as KRAS(G12D), are among the most common oncogenic events in metastatic cancer. A different type of cancer Ras signal, driven by overexpression of the RasGEF RasGRP1 (Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 1), was recently implicated in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients and murine models, in which RasGRP1 T-ALLs expand in response to treatment with interleukins (ILs) 2, 7 and 9. Here, we demonstrate that IL-2/7/9 stimulation activates Erk and Akt pathways downstream of Ras in RasGRP1 T-ALL but not in normal thymocytes. In normal lymphocytes, RasGRP1 is recruited to the membrane by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ)-dependent manner. Surprisingly, we find that leukemic RasGRP1-triggered Ras-Akt signals do not depend on acute activation of PLCγ to generate DAG but rely on baseline DAG levels instead. In agreement, using three distinct assays that measure different aspects of the RasGTP/GDP cycle, we established that overexpression of RasGRP1 in T-ALLs results in a constitutively high GTP-loading rate of Ras, which is constantly counterbalanced by hydrolysis of RasGTP. KRAS(G12D) T-ALLs do not show constitutive GTP loading of Ras. Thus, we reveal an entirely novel type of leukemogenic Ras signals that is based on a RasGRP1-driven increased in flux through the RasGTP/GDP cycle, which is mechanistically very different from KRAS(G12D) signals. Our studies highlight the dynamic balance between RasGEF and RasGAP in these T-ALLs and put forth a new model in which IL-2/7/9 decrease RasGAP activity.
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195
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Kim H, Lee S, Lee JH, Kim J. Integration of a microfluidic chip with a size-based cell bandpass filter for reliable isolation of single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:4128-32. [PMID: 26369616 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, efficient microfluidic array system for reliable isolation of cells. A microfluidic array chip, integrated with a size-based cell bandpass filter, provides the unprecedented capability of organizing single cells from a population containing a wide distribution of sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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196
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Stowe C, Pizzey A, Kalber T, Badar A, Lythgoe M, Pule M. Flow-Based Single Cell Deposition for High-Throughput Screening of Protein Libraries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140730. [PMID: 26536118 PMCID: PMC4633160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and engineering of proteins having refined or novel characteristics is an important area of research in many scientific fields. Protein modelling has enabled the rational design of unique proteins, but high-throughput screening of large libraries is still required to identify proteins with potentially valuable properties. Here we report on the development and evaluation of a novel fluorescent activated cell sorting based screening platform. Single bacterial cells, expressing a protein library to be screened, are electronically sorted and deposited onto plates containing solid nutrient growth media in a dense matrix format of between 44 and 195 colonies/cm2. We show that this matrix format is readily applicable to machine interrogation (<30 seconds per plate) and subsequent bioinformatic analysis (~60 seconds per plate) thus enabling the high-throughput screening of the protein library. We evaluate this platform and show that bacteria containing a bioluminescent protein can be spectrally analysed using an optical imager, and a rare clone (0.5% population) can successfully be identified, picked and further characterised. To further enhance this screening platform, we have developed a prototype electronic sort stream multiplexer, that when integrated into a commercial flow cytometric sorter, increases the rate of colony deposition by 89.2% to 24 colonies per second. We believe that the screening platform described here is potentially the foundation of a new generation of high-throughput screening technologies for proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Stowe
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arnold Pizzey
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tammy Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Badar
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Pule
- Cancer Institute, Department of Haematology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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197
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Yang JHM, Cutler AJ, Ferreira RC, Reading JL, Cooper NJ, Wallace C, Clarke P, Smyth DJ, Boyce CS, Gao GJ, Todd JA, Wicker LS, Tree TIM. Natural Variation in Interleukin-2 Sensitivity Influences Regulatory T-Cell Frequency and Function in Individuals With Long-standing Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3891-902. [PMID: 26224887 PMCID: PMC4975524 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Defective immune homeostasis in the balance between FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector T cells is a likely contributing factor in the loss of self-tolerance observed in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Given the importance of interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling in the generation and function of Tregs, observations that polymorphisms in genes in the IL-2 pathway associate with T1D and that some individuals with T1D exhibit reduced IL-2 signaling indicate that impairment of this pathway may play a role in Treg dysfunction and the pathogenesis of T1D. Here, we have examined IL-2 sensitivity in CD4+ T-cell subsets in 70 individuals with long-standing T1D, allowing us to investigate the effect of low IL-2 sensitivity on Treg frequency and function. IL-2 responsiveness, measured by STAT5a phosphorylation, was a very stable phenotype within individuals but exhibited considerable interindividual variation and was influenced by T1D-associated PTPN2 gene polymorphisms. Tregs from individuals with lower IL-2 signaling were reduced in frequency, were less able to maintain expression of FOXP3 under limiting concentrations of IL-2, and displayed reduced suppressor function. These results suggest that reduced IL-2 signaling may be used to identify patients with the highest Treg dysfunction and who may benefit most from IL-2 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie H M Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K.
| | - Antony J Cutler
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ricardo C Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - James L Reading
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Cooper
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Chris Wallace
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Pamela Clarke
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Deborah J Smyth
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Linda S Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Timothy I M Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K. National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, U.K.
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198
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Proteomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal Contrasting Anti-Inflammatory Effects of an Extract of Mucor Racemosus Secondary Metabolites Compared to Dexamethasone. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140367. [PMID: 26496078 PMCID: PMC4619718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical drug assays are often confined to single molecules and targeting single pathways. However, it is also desirable to investigate the effects of complex mixtures on complex systems such as living cells including the natural multitude of signalling pathways. Evidence based on herbal medicine has motivated us to investigate potential beneficial health effects of Mucor racemosus (M rac) extracts. Secondary metabolites of M rac were collected using a good-manufacturing process (GMP) approved production line and a validated manufacturing process, in order to obtain a stable product termed SyCircue (National Drug Code USA: 10424-102). Toxicological studies confirmed that this product does not contain mycotoxins and is non-genotoxic. Potential effects on inflammatory processes were investigated by treating stimulated cells with M rac extracts and the effects were compared to the standard anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone on the levels of the proteome and metabolome. Using 2D-PAGE, slight anti-inflammatory effects were observed in primary white blood mononuclear cells, which were more pronounced in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Proteome profiling based on nLC-MS/MS analysis of tryptic digests revealed inhibitory effects of M rac extracts on pro-inflammatory cytoplasmic mediators and secreted cytokines and chemokines in these endothelial cells. This finding was confirmed using targeted proteomics, here treatment of stimulated cells with M rac extracts down-regulated the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, CXCL5 and GROA significantly. Finally, the modulating effects of M rac on HUVECs were also confirmed on the level of the metabolome. Several metabolites displayed significant concentration changes upon treatment of inflammatory activated HUVECs with the M rac extract, including spermine and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl C18:0 and sphingomyelin C26:1, while the bulk of measured metabolites remained unaffected. Interestingly, the effects of M rac treatment on lipids were orthogonal to the effect of dexamethasone underlining differences in the overall mode of action.
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199
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Pallaoro A, Braun GB, Moskovits M. Biotags Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Can Be as Bright as Fluorescence Tags. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6745-50. [PMID: 26317146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique that has been proposed as a substitute for fluorescence for biological imaging and detection but is not yet commercially utilized. The reason lies primarily in the lower intensity and poor reproducibility of most metal nanoparticle-based tags as compared to their fluorescence-based counterparts. Here, using a technique that scrupulously preserves the same number of dye molecules in both the SERS and fluorescence measurements, we show that SERS-based biotags (SBTs) with highly reproducible optical properties can be nanoengineered such that their brightness is at least equal to that of fluorescence-based tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pallaoro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Gary B Braun
- Cancer Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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200
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Maecker HT, Harari A. Immune monitoring technology primer: flow and mass cytometry. J Immunother Cancer 2015; 3:44. [PMID: 26380089 PMCID: PMC4570613 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-015-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Holden T Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Epalinges, Switzerland
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