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Blanquer-Rosselló MM, Santandreu FM, Oliver J, Roca P, Valle A. Leptin Modulates Mitochondrial Function, Dynamics and Biogenesis in MCF-7 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2039-48. [PMID: 25752935 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipokine leptin, known for its key role in the control of energy metabolism, has been shown to be involved in both normal and tumoral mammary growth. One of the hallmarks of cancer is an alteration of tumor metabolism since cancerous cells must rewire metabolism to satisfy the demands of growth and proliferation. Considering the sensibility of breast cancer cells to leptin, the objective of this study was to explore the effects of this adipokine on their metabolism. To this aim, we treated the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line with 50 ng/mL leptin and analyzed several features related to cellular and mitochondrial metabolism. As a result, leptin increased cell proliferation, shifted ATP production from glycolysis to mitochondria and decreased the levels of the glycolytic end-product lactate. We observed an improvement in ADP-dependent oxygen consumption and an amelioration of oxidative stress without changes in total mitochondrial mass or specific oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot showed an up-regulation for genes and proteins related to biogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics. This expression signature, together with an increased mitophagy observed by confocal microscopy suggests that leptin may improve mitochondrial quality and function. Taken together, our results propose that leptin may improve bioenergetic efficiency by avoiding the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and conferring benefits for growth and survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mar Blanquer-Rosselló
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca M Santandreu
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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152
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Abstract
Obesity is arguably the biggest health and welfare issue affecting pet dogs. Although successful weight loss has health benefits, current strategies are far from ideal. Many obese dogs that start a weight programme fail to lose weight, or subsequently regain the weight they have lost. Given that current weight loss strategies are not perfect, clinicians need to focus carefully on tailoring the programme, perhaps setting a pragmatic target for weight loss, so as to ensure the benefits are maximised. This review will summarise key findings from recent clinical research into pet obesity, and present a framework for improving success, by better tailoring weight management regimens and end points to the individual.
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153
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Mondal D, Mathur A, Chandra PK. Tripping on TRIB3 at the junction of health, metabolic dysfunction and cancer. Biochimie 2016; 124:34-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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154
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Iyengar NM, Zhou XK, Gucalp A, Morris PG, Howe LR, Giri DD, Morrow M, Wang H, Pollak M, Jones LW, Hudis CA, Dannenberg AJ. Systemic Correlates of White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2283-9. [PMID: 26712688 PMCID: PMC4854755 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity, insulin resistance, and elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory mediators are associated with poorer prognosis in early-stage breast cancer. To investigate whether white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation represents a potential unifying mechanism, we examined the relationship between breast WAT inflammation and the metabolic syndrome and its prognostic importance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WAT inflammation was defined by the presence of dead/dying adipocytes surrounded by macrophages forming crown-like structures (CLS) of the breast. Two independent groups were examined in cross-sectional (cohort 1) and retrospective (cohort 2) studies. Cohort 1 included 100 women undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer risk reduction (n = 10) or treatment (n = 90). Metabolic syndrome-associated circulating factors were compared by CLS-B status. The association between CLS of the breast and the metabolic syndrome was validated in cohort 2, which included 127 women who developed metastatic breast cancer. Distant recurrence-free survival (dRFS) was compared by CLS-B status. RESULTS In cohorts 1 and 2, breast WAT inflammation was detected in 52 of 100 (52%) and 52 of 127 (41%) patients, respectively. Patients with breast WAT inflammation had elevated insulin, glucose, leptin, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and IL6 and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and adiponectin (P < 0.05) in cohort 1. In cohort 2, breast WAT inflammation was associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes (P < 0.05). Compared with patients without breast WAT inflammation, the adjusted HR for dRFS was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.07-3.13) for patients with inflammation. CONCLUSIONS WAT inflammation, a clinically occult process, helps to explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and worse breast cancer prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2283-9. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Iyengar
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Ayca Gucalp
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Patrick G Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Louise R Howe
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Dilip D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Monica Morrow
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Pollak
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Clifford A Hudis
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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155
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Usset JL, Raghavan R, Tyrer JP, McGuire V, Sieh W, Webb P, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Anton-Culver H, Berchuck A, Brinton L, Cunningham JM, DeFazio A, Doherty JA, Edwards RP, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Goodman MT, Høgdall E, Jensen A, Johnatty SE, Kiemeney LA, Kjaer SK, Larson MC, Lurie G, Massuger L, Menon U, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Pike MC, Ramus SJ, Rossing MA, Rothstein J, Song H, Thompson PJ, van den Berg DJ, Vierkant RA, Wang-Gohrke S, Wentzensen N, Whittemore AS, Wilkens LR, Wu AH, Yang H, Pearce CL, Schildkraut JM, Pharoah P, Goode EL, Fridley BL. Assessment of Multifactor Gene-Environment Interactions and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Candidate Genes, Obesity, and Hormone-Related Risk Factors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:780-90. [PMID: 26976855 PMCID: PMC4873330 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk factors relate to hormone exposure and elevated estrogen levels are associated with obesity in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we hypothesized that gene-environment interactions related to hormone-related risk factors could differ between obese and non-obese women. METHODS We considered interactions between 11,441 SNPs within 80 candidate genes related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism and insulin-like growth factors with six hormone-related factors (oral contraceptive use, parity, endometriosis, tubal ligation, hormone replacement therapy, and estrogen use) and assessed whether these interactions differed between obese and non-obese women. Interactions were assessed using logistic regression models and data from 14 case-control studies (6,247 cases; 10,379 controls). Histotype-specific analyses were also completed. RESULTS SNPs in the following candidate genes showed notable interaction: IGF1R (rs41497346, estrogen plus progesterone hormone therapy, histology = all, P = 4.9 × 10(-6)) and ESR1 (rs12661437, endometriosis, histology = all, P = 1.5 × 10(-5)). The most notable obesity-gene-hormone risk factor interaction was within INSR (rs113759408, parity, histology = endometrioid, P = 8.8 × 10(-6)). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the feasibility of assessing multifactor interactions in large genetic epidemiology studies. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the robustness of our findings for ESR1, CYP11A1, IGF1R, CYP11B1, INSR, and IGFBP2 Future work is needed to develop powerful statistical methods able to detect these complex interactions. IMPACT Assessment of multifactor interaction is feasible, and, here, suggests that the relationship between genetic variants within candidate genes and hormone-related risk factors may vary EOC susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 780-90. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Usset
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Rama Raghavan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Penelope Webb
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anna DeFazio
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Neonatology, University of Sydney, Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Marc T Goodman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle, and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharon E Johnatty
- Division of Genetics and Public Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Galina Lurie
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Leon Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Roberta B Ness
- School of Public Health, The University of Texas, Houston, Texas
| | - Malcolm C Pike
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David J van den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert A Vierkant
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy - Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hannah Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Celeste Leigh Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paul Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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156
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Ethnic differences in the relationships between diabetes, early age adiposity and mortality among breast cancer survivors: the Breast Cancer Health Disparities Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 157:167-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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157
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Cangelosi AL, Yilmaz ÖH. High fat diet and stem cells: Linking diet to intestinal tumor formation. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1657-8. [PMID: 27097128 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- a Department of Biology , MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,b The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,c Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT , Cambridge , MA , USA.,d Department of Pathology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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158
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The influence of steatosis on the short- and long-term results of resection of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:389-96. [PMID: 27037210 PMCID: PMC4814618 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We aimed to establish whether the presence of hepatic steatosis influences outcome after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients operated between 1990 and 2014 were divided into four groups based on the degree of hepatic steatosis. The association between hepatic steatosis and outcome was analyzed, using a multivariate and a propensity score case-match analysis. RESULTS No significant differences were observed between patients with and without steatosis in either mortality or morbidity in the complete series or after matching (3.2% vs. 3.5%/p = 0.845) (32.3% vs 31.4%/p = 0.802). Five-year survival in patients with and without steatosis were 56.5% and 46.5% respectively (p = 0.046). The steatosis had a significant protective effect in the univariate analysis (HR (95% CI) = 0.78 (0.62-0.99) p = 0.048), and was close to significance in the multivariate analysis (HR (95%) = 0.81 (0.63-1.03) p = 0.089). No significant differences were seen with regard to liver recurrence. CONCLUSIONS The presence of steatosis does not predict short-outcome after resection of CLM, but appears to be a favorable prognostic factor for survival. This protective effect does not depend on a decrease in liver recurrence.
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159
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160
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Impact of obesity on treatment-related adverse events, disease recurrence, and survival in women with cervical carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13566-016-0243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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161
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Blanquer-Rosselló MDM, Oliver J, Sastre-Serra J, Valle A, Roca P. Leptin regulates energy metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 72:18-26. [PMID: 26772821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be a poorer prognosis factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Among the diverse endocrine factors associated to obesity, leptin has received special attention since it promotes breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness, processes which force cells to adapt their metabolism to satisfy the increased demands of energy and biosynthetic intermediates. Taking this into account, our aim was to explore the effects of leptin in the metabolism of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Polarographic analysis revealed that leptin increased oxygen consumption rate and cellular ATP levels were more dependent on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in leptin-treated cells compared to the more glycolytic control cells. Experiments with selective inhibitors of glycolysis (2-DG), fatty acid oxidation (etomoxir) or aminoacid deprivation showed that ATP levels were more reliant on fatty acid oxidation. In agreement, levels of key proteins involved in lipid catabolism (FAT/CD36, CPT1, PPARα) and phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMPK were increased by leptin. Regarding glucose, cellular uptake was not affected by leptin, but lactate release was deeply repressed. Analysis of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC) together with the pentose-phosphate pathway enzyme glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) revealed that leptin favors the use of glucose for biosynthesis. These results point towards a role of leptin in metabolic reprogramming, consisting of an enhanced use of glucose for biosynthesis and lipids for energy production. This metabolic adaptations induced by leptin may provide benefits for MCF-7 growth and give support to the reverse Warburg effect described in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mª Del Mar Blanquer-Rosselló
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d́Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S., E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jordi Oliver
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d́Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S., E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jorge Sastre-Serra
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d́Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S., E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d́Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S., E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Pilar Roca
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d́Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03) Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Palma (IdISPa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S., E-07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Halama A, Horsch M, Kastenmüller G, Möller G, Kumar P, Prehn C, Laumen H, Hauner H, Hrabĕ de Angelis M, Beckers J, Suhre K, Adamski J. Metabolic switch during adipogenesis: From branched chain amino acid catabolism to lipid synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 589:93-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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163
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Incio J, Suboj P, Chin SM, Vardam-Kaur T, Liu H, Hato T, Babykutty S, Chen I, Deshpande V, Jain RK, Fukumura D. Metformin Reduces Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer by Reprogramming Stellate Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141392. [PMID: 26641266 PMCID: PMC4671732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly desmoplastic tumor with a dismal prognosis for most patients. Fibrosis and inflammation are hallmarks of tumor desmoplasia. We have previously demonstrated that preventing the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and alleviating desmoplasia are beneficial strategies in treating PDAC. Metformin is a widely used glucose-lowering drug. It is also frequently prescribed to diabetic pancreatic cancer patients and has been shown to associate with a better outcome. However, the underlying mechanisms of this benefit remain unclear. Metformin has been found to modulate the activity of stellate cells in other disease settings. In this study, we examine the effect of metformin on PSC activity, fibrosis and inflammation in PDACs. Methods/Results In overweight, diabetic PDAC patients and pre-clinical mouse models, treatment with metformin reduced levels of tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) components, in particular hyaluronan (HA). In vitro, we found that metformin reduced TGF-ß signaling and the production of HA and collagen-I in cultured PSCs. Furthermore, we found that metformin alleviates tumor inflammation by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β as well as infiltration and M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in vitro and in vivo. These effects on macrophages in vitro appear to be associated with a modulation of the AMPK/STAT3 pathway by metformin. Finally, we found in our preclinical models that the alleviation of desmoplasia by metformin was associated with a reduction in ECM remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ultimately systemic metastasis. Conclusion Metformin alleviates the fibro-inflammatory microenvironment in obese/diabetic individuals with pancreatic cancer by reprogramming PSCs and TAMs, which correlates with reduced disease progression. Metformin should be tested/explored as part of the treatment strategy in overweight diabetic PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Incio
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital S. Joao, Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Institute for Innovation and Research in Heath, Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Priya Suboj
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, St. Xaviers College, Thumba, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Shan M. Chin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Trupti Vardam-Kaur
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hao Liu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tai Hato
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suboj Babykutty
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Zoology, Mar Ivanios College, Nalanchira, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ivy Chen
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vikram Deshpande
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKJ); (DF)
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKJ); (DF)
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164
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Rio MC, Dali-Youcef N, Tomasetto C. Local adipocyte cancer cell paracrine loop: can "sick fat" be more detrimental? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:43-56. [PMID: 25781551 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the emerging role of tumor resident adipocytes. It provides in vitro and in vivo evidence that they are essential for cancer development/progression. In addition to systemic effects, their tumor-promoting impact is dependent on local functions, notably via a complex adipocyte cancer cell paracrine loop (ACCPL). Indeed, this event leads to dramatic phenotypic and/or functional modifications of both cell types as well as of the extracellular matrix. Adipocytes undergo delipidation leading to adipocytes/cancer-associated adipocytes/cancer-associated fibroblasts de-differentiation processes. In turn, cancer cell aggressiveness is exacerbated through increased proliferation, migration, and invasion properties. This is accompanied by intense tissue remodeling, conducting to the occurrence of the tumor stroma. The molecular pathways involved in ACCPL remain largely unknown. Nevertheless, several clues are starting to emerge. Moreover, obesity is currently a sign of increased risk and poor prognosis in human carcinomas. How adiposopathy might impact tumors and specifically the ACCPL is still under investigation. However, available experimental, epidemiological, and clinical data allow to draw some directions. Interestingly, there are numerous similarities between the ACCPL-induced and obesity-related molecular alterations. It might, therefore, be hypothesized that obesity provides a "constitutively active" local permissive environment for cancer cells. Improving our knowledge about ACCPL in both lean and obese patients remains a challenging task. Indeed, deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind ACCPL might provide new targets for improving diagnosis/prognosis and the design of innovative therapeutic strategies, and even, in case of obesity, for preventing cancer.
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165
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Diedrich J, Gusky HC, Podgorski I. Adipose tissue dysfunction and its effects on tumor metabolism. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 21:17-41. [PMID: 25781550 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing by an alarming rate in the Western world, obesity has become a condition associated with a multitude of diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and various cancers. Generally viewed as an abnormal accumulation of hypertrophied adipocytes, obesity is also a poor prognostic factor for recurrence and chemoresistance in cancer patients. With more than two-thirds of the adult population in the United States considered clinically overweight or obese, it is critical that the relationship between obesity and cancer is further emphasized and elucidated. Adipocytes are highly metabolically active cells, which, through release of adipokines and cytokines and activation of endocrine and paracrine pathways, affect processes in neighboring and distant cells, altering their normal homeostasis. This work will examine specifically how adipocyte-derived factors regulate the cellular metabolism of malignant cells within the tumor niche. Briefly, tumor cells undergo metabolic pressure towards a more glycolytic and hypoxic state through a variety of metabolic regulators and signaling pathways, i.e., phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and c-MYC signaling. Enhanced glycolysis and high lactate production are hallmarks of tumor progression largely because of a process known as the Warburg effect. Herein, we review the latest literature pertaining to the body of work on the interactions between adipose and tumor cells, and underlining the changes in cancer cell metabolism that have been targeted by the currently available treatments.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a global epidemic and bariatric surgery remains an underperformed modality for its treatment. Even though the dangers of obesity are well understood, surgical intervention is underestimated. The purpose of this review is to discuss emerging trends in bariatric surgery. RECENT FINDINGS Studies suggest that different operations have different effects on both obesity and its comorbidities. Combining the concepts of malabsorption and restriction, we are looking toward more advanced and efficient treatment options. Less-invasive techniques such as endoscopic devices are under investigation and their results remain to be determined. SUMMARY A paradigm shift is occurring and both obesity and diabetes will be increasingly treated with surgical and endoscopic procedures. Bariatric care is a growing field for surgeons and therapeutic endoscopists with many future opportunities for improvement.
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167
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Kim M, Song SB, Cha YS. Effects of black adzuki bean (Vigna angularis, Geomguseul) extract on body composition and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression in rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Nutr Res 2015; 59:27719. [PMID: 26493717 PMCID: PMC4615815 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v59.27719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is often considered to result from either excessive food intake or insufficient physical activity. Adzuki beans have been evaluated as potential remedies for various health conditions, and recent studies have reported their effects on the regulation of lipid metabolism, but it remains to be determined whether they may be effective in overcoming obesity by regulating appetite and satiety. Objective This study investigated the effect of black adzuki bean (BAB) extract on body composition and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression in Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a high-fat diet. Design The rats were fed for 8 weeks with a control diet containing 10 kcal% from fat (CD), a high-fat diet containing 60 kcal% from fat (HD), or a high-fat diet with 1% or 2% freeze-dried ethanolic extract powder of BAB (BAB-1 and BAB-2). Results The body weights and epididymal fat weights were significantly reduced and the serum lipid profiles were improved in the group fed the diet containing BAB compared to the HD group. The expression of AGRP mRNA significantly decreased in the BAB groups, and treatment with BAB-2 resulted in a marked induction of the mRNA expression of POMC and CART, which are anorexigenic neuropeptides that suppress food intake. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of ObRb, a gene related to leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamus, were significantly higher in the BAB groups than in the HD group. Conclusions These results suggest that supplementation with BAB has a significant effect on body weight via regulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Bo Song
- Department of Functional Crops, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea;
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Clanton R, Saucier D, Ford J, Akabani G. Microbial influences on hormesis, oncogenesis, and therapy: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:239-256. [PMID: 26183884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of environmental stimuli for growth is the main factor contributing to the evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, independently and mutualistically. Epigenetics describes an organism's ability to vary expression of certain genes based on their environmental stimuli. The diverse degree of dose-dependent responses based on their variances in expressed genetic profiles makes it difficult to ascertain whether hormesis or oncogenesis has or is occurring. In the medical field this is shown where survival curves used in determining radiotherapeutic doses have substantial uncertainties, some as large as 50% (Barendsen, 1990). Many in-vitro radiobiological studies have been limited by not taking into consideration the innate presence of microbes in biological systems, which have either grown symbiotically or pathogenically. Present in-vitro studies neglect to take into consideration the varied responses that commensal and opportunistic pathogens will have when exposed to the same stimuli and how such responses could act as stimuli for their macro/microenvironment. As a result many theories such as radiation carcinogenesis explain microscopic events but fail to describe macroscopic events (Cohen, 1995). As such, this review shows how microorganisms have the ability to perturb risks of cancer and enhance hormesis after irradiation. It will also look at bacterial significance in the microenvironment of the tumor before and during treatment. In addition, bacterial systemic communication after irradiation and the host's immune responses to infection could explain many of the phenomena associated with bystander effects. Therefore, the present literature review considers the paradigms of hormesis and oncogenesis in order to find a rationale that ties them all together. This relationship was thus characterized to be the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Clanton
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Saucier
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John Ford
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gamal Akabani
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Preclinical Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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169
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Fraher D, Ellis MK, Morrison S, McGee SL, Ward AC, Walder K, Gibert Y. Lipid Abundance in Zebrafish Embryos Is Regulated by Complementary Actions of the Endocannabinoid System and Retinoic Acid Pathway. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3596-609. [PMID: 26181105 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) and retinoic acid (RA) signaling have been associated with influencing lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that modulation of these pathways could modify lipid abundance in developing vertebrates and that these pathways could have a combinatorial effect on lipid levels. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to chemical treatments altering the activity of the ECS and RA pathway. Embryos were stained with the neutral lipid dye Oil-Red-O (ORO) and underwent whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH). Mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts were differentiated under exposure to RA-modulating chemicals and subsequently stained with ORO and analyzed for gene expression by qRT-PCR. ECS activation and RA exposure increased lipid abundance and the expression of lipoprotein lipase. In addition, RA treatment increased expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha. Both ECS receptors and RA receptor subtypes were separately involved in modulating lipid abundance. Finally, increased ECS or RA activity ameliorated the reduced lipid abundance caused by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibition. Therefore, the ECS and RA pathway influence lipid abundance in zebrafish embryos and have an additive effect when treated simultaneously. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these pathways act downstream or independently of PPARγ to influence lipid levels. Our study shows for the first time that the RA and ECS pathways have additive function in lipid abundance during vertebrate development.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Animals
- Azo Compounds/chemistry
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/embryology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
- Endocannabinoids/metabolism
- Endocannabinoids/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lipids/analysis
- Mice
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Staining and Labeling/methods
- Tretinoin/metabolism
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Zebrafish/embryology
- Zebrafish/genetics
- Zebrafish/metabolism
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fraher
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Megan K Ellis
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Shona Morrison
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
| | - Yann Gibert
- Metabolic Research Unit, Deakin University School of Medicine, Geelong 3217, Australia
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170
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Rajaraman G, Simcocks A, Hryciw DH, Hutchinson DS, McAinch AJ. G protein coupled receptor 18: A potential role for endocannabinoid signaling in metabolic dysfunction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:92-102. [PMID: 26337420 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are products of dietary fatty acids that are modulated by an alteration in food intake levels. Overweight and obese individuals have substantially higher circulating levels of the arachidonic acid derived endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, and show an altered pattern of cannabinoid receptor expression. These cannabinoid receptors are part of a large family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are major therapeutic targets for various diseases within the cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and endocrine systems, as well as metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is considered a state of chronic low-grade inflammation elicited by an immunological response. Interestingly, the newly deorphanized GPCR (GPR18), which is considered to be a putative cannabinoid receptor, is proposed to have an immunological function. In this review, the current scientific knowledge on GPR18 is explored including its localization, signaling pathways, and pharmacology. Importantly, the involvement of nutritional factors and potential dietary regulation of GPR18 and its (patho)physiological roles are described. Further research on this receptor and its regulation will enable a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of GPR18 and its potential as a novel therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajaraman
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Simcocks
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Department of Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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171
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Hirko KA, Kantor ED, Cohen SS, Blot WJ, Stampfer MJ, Signorello LB. Body mass index in young adulthood, obesity trajectory, and premature mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:441-50. [PMID: 25977515 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although much research has been conducted on the role adult body mass index (BMI) plays in mortality, there have been fewer studies that evaluated the associations of BMI in young adulthood and adult weight trajectory with mortality, and it remains uncertain whether associations differ by race or sex. We prospectively examined the relationships of BMI in young adulthood (21 years of age) and adult obesity trajectory with later-life mortality rates among 75,881 men and women in the Southern Community Cohort Study. Study participants were enrolled between 2002 and 2009 at ages 40-79 years and were followed through December, 2011. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. There were 7,301 deaths in the 474,970 person-years of follow-up. Participants who reported being overweight or obese as young adults had mortality rates that were 19% (95% confidence interval: 12, 27) and 64% (95% confidence interval: 52, 78) higher, respectively, than those of their normal weight counterparts. The results did not significantly differ by race or sex. Participants who reported being obese in young adulthood only or in both young and middle adulthood experienced mortality rates that were 40%-90% higher than those of participants who were nonobese at either time. These results suggest that obesity in young adulthood is associated with higher mortality risk regardless of race, sex, and obesity status in later life.
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172
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Xhaard C, de Vathaire F, Cléro E, Maillard S, Ren Y, Borson-Chazot F, Sassolas G, Schvartz C, Colonna M, Lacour B, Danzon A, Velten M, Marrer E, Bailly L, Barjoan EM, Schlumberger M, Orgiazzi J, Adjadj E, Rubino C. Anthropometric Risk Factors for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Young Men and Women From Eastern France: A Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 182:202-14. [PMID: 26133374 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen over the past decade, along with a rise in obesity. We studied the role of anthropometric risk factors for differentiated thyroid cancer at the time of diagnosis and at age 20 years in a case-control study conducted in eastern France between 2005 and 2010. The study included 761 adults diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer before 35 years of age between 2002 and 2006. They were matched with 825 controls from the general population. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression models and were reported for all participants, those with papillary cancer only, and women only. The risk of thyroid cancer was higher for participants with a high body surface area (BSA), great height, or excess weight and for women with a high body fat percentage. Conversely, no significant association was found between body mass index and the risk of thyroid cancer. In the present study, we provide further evidence of the role of BSA and excess weight in the risk of thyroid cancer. These epidemiologic observations should be confirmed by further exploration of the biological mechanisms responsible for the associations of obesity and BSA with thyroid cancer.
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173
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174
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The Effect of Body Mass Index on Perioperative Outcomes After Major Surgery: Results from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) 2005–2011. World J Surg 2015; 39:2376-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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175
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Chang YT, Tien YW, Jeng YM, Yang CY, Liang PC, Wong JM, Chang MC. Overweight increases the risk of malignancy in patients with pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e797. [PMID: 25997051 PMCID: PMC4602873 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between benign and malignant pancreatic cysts remains a clinical challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body mass index (BMI) and preoperative clinical and cyst features, as described by the International Consensus Guidelines, on malignancy in patients with pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (PMCNs).A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with PMCNs who underwent surgical resection between January 1994 and June 2014. Preoperative BMI, clinical demographic data, cystic features, tumor markers, and surgical pathology results were analyzed. Predictors of malignancy were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression.One hundred sixty-four cases of PMCNs, including 106 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and 58 mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), were analyzed. On univariate analysis, older age (P = 0.008), male sex (P = 0.007), high-risk stigmata (P = 0.007), diabetes mellitus (DM; P = 0.008), and BMI >25 (P < 0.001) were associated with malignancy. Multivariate analysis found that BMI >25 (odds ratio, 3.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.60-10) was an independent predictor of malignancy. In subgroup analysis, BMI >25 was an independent predictor of malignancy in IPMNs but not in MCNs.Overweight patients with IPMNs have a higher risk of malignancy and should be followed closely or undergo resection. The operative strategy for PMCNs should consider cyst-related and patient-related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chang
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (YTC, JMW, M-CC), Surgery (YWT, C-YY), Pathology (YMJ) and Medical Image (P-CL), National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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176
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Begenik H, Aslan M, Dulger AC, Emre H, Kemik A, Kemik O, Esen R. Serum leptin levels in gastric cancer patients and the relationship with insulin resistance. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:346-52. [PMID: 25995751 PMCID: PMC4424252 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.50967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serum leptin levels have been examined in various cancers, with conflicting results. However, there is limited information regarding serum leptin levels and insulin resistance in gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we aimed to investigate serum leptin levels, performance status, insulin levels and insulin resistance in patients with gastric cancer. In addition, we examined the relationship between these measurements and leptin levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients with gastric cancer and 30 control subjects were enrolled in the study. Serum leptin, total protein, albumin, growth hormone, insulin and glucose levels were measured. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to assess insulin resistance. RESULTS Serum levels of insulin, glucose and growth hormone and insulin resistance were significantly lower in gastric cancer patients than controls (p < 0.05 for all). In the Pearson correlation analysis, insulin resistance was found to be significantly correlated with serum leptin levels in gastric cancer patients (r = 0.320, p = 0.047). We observed a significant negative correlation between performance status and insulin resistance in patients with cachexia (r = -0.512, p = 0.030), while no association was found in non-cachectic patients. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that serum leptin levels are significantly lower in gastric cancer patients. In addition, gastric cancer patients have decreases in insulin levels, insulin resistance and growth hormone levels. This study found a positive association between serum leptin levels and insulin resistance. Moreover, there is a negative association between serum leptin levels and growth hormone levels. Thus, low insulin and growth hormone levels may suppress the production of leptin in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Begenik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cumhur Dulger
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Habib Emre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahu Kemik
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kemik
- Department of General Surgery, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Esen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Hartman TJ, Haardörfer R, Whitaker LL, Addison A, Zlotorzynska M, Gazmararian JA, Kegler MC. Dietary and Behavioral Factors Associated with Diet Quality among Low-income Overweight and Obese African American Women. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 34:416-24. [PMID: 25910081 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.982305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this research was to assess the roles of demographic and home food environment characteristics on diet quality measured with the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Healthy Eating Index (HEI) in a population of low-income overweight and obese African American women. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data. SETTING A community-based study of low-income overweight and obese African American women. SUBJECTS Participants enrolled in the Healthy Homes/Healthy Families study including a home environment survey (e.g., food availability, food practices and social support) and 24-hour recall dietary data collected on one weekday and one weekend day (n = 198). RESULTS In multivariate regression analyses, demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with diet quality; however, several home food environment characteristics were significantly associated with higher quality diets, including healthy shopping (e.g., regularly purchasing fresh fruits and vegetables), selecting healthy beverages (e.g., without added sugar), healthy food preparation, and serving behaviors. Eating while watching television was associated with lower quality diets. Nearly 33% (p < 0.001) of the variance in HEI total score was explained by the home food environment factors, far surpassing that explained by demographic characteristics (3.5%, p = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Interventions targeting the home food environment may improve overall diet quality in low-income overweight African American populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terryl J Hartman
- a Department of Epidemiology , Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH), Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Regine Haardörfer
- b Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education & Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH) , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Laura L Whitaker
- c HERCULES-Emory's Environmental Health Center, Emory Prevention Research Center , Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH) , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Ann Addison
- d Primary Care of Southwest GA, Inc. , Blakely , Georgia
| | - Maria Zlotorzynska
- a Department of Epidemiology , Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH), Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- a Department of Epidemiology , Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH), Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
| | - Michelle C Kegler
- b Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education & Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health and Winship Cancer Institute (TJH) , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia
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178
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Sarosiek K, Jones E, Chipitsyna G, Al-Zoubi M, Kang C, Saxena S, Gandhi AV, Sendiky J, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Osteopontin (OPN) isoforms, diabetes, obesity, and cancer; what is one got to do with the other? A new role for OPN. J Gastrointest Surg 2015; 19:639-50. [PMID: 25583441 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-014-2735-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing of osteopontin (OPN) produces three isoforms: OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc. The aims of this study were to examine the expression profile of OPN isoforms in sera from patients with pancreatic lesions and to determine their correlation with the presence of comorbid systemic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes and/or obesity. Sera from 90 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and 29 healthy volunteers were analyzed. Seventeen patients were diabetics, 17 were obese, and 6 had both diabetes and obesity. In patients with pancreatic lesions, OPNb was expressed in 48% of the patients' sera, OPNc in 34%, and both in 5%. The presence of diabetes and/or obesity was associated with complete disappearance of OPNb and expression of only OPNc. OPNc presence was significantly associated with diabetes and obesity (OR = 7.06 [95% CI 1.97-23.3]; p = 0.003). No OPNb or OPNc was detected in the normal sera. Overexpression of OPNb and OPNc isoforms in PDA cells significantly (p < 0.05) increased their activity in soft-agar colony formation and wound healing assays, induced the transcription of interleukin (IL)-6, and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10. Our data show for the first time the significant association between serum OPNc and diabetes and/or obesity. Unraveling the functional role of OPN isoforms in systemic inflammation is essential to understanding their significance as therapeutic targets in diabetes and obesity, and during metastasis development in PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Sarosiek
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Chak A, Buttar NS, Foster NR, Seisler DK, Marcon NE, Schoen R, Cruz-Correa MR, Falk GW, Sharma P, Hur C, Katzka DA, Rodriguez LM, Richmond E, Sharma AN, Smyrk TC, Mandrekar SJ, Limburg PJ. Metformin does not reduce markers of cell proliferation in esophageal tissues of patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:665-72.e1-4. [PMID: 25218668 PMCID: PMC4362887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is associated with neoplasia, possibly via insulin-mediated cell pathways that affect cell proliferation. Metformin has been proposed to protect against obesity-associated cancers by decreasing serum insulin. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study of patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) to assess the effect of metformin on phosphorylated S6 kinase (pS6K1), a biomarker of insulin pathway activation. METHODS Seventy-four subjects with BE (mean age, 58.7 years; 58 men [78%; 52 with BE >2 cm [70%]) were recruited through 8 participating organizations of the Cancer Prevention Network. Participants were randomly assigned to groups given metformin daily (increasing to 2000 mg/day by week 4, n = 38) or placebo (n = 36) for 12 weeks. Biopsy specimens were collected at baseline and at week 12 via esophagogastroduodenoscopy. We calculated and compared percent changes in median levels of pS6K1 between subjects given metformin vs placebo as the primary end point. RESULTS The percent change in median level of pS6K1 did not differ significantly between groups (1.4% among subjects given metformin vs -14.7% among subjects given placebo; 1-sided P = .80). Metformin was associated with an almost significant reduction in serum levels of insulin (median -4.7% among subjects given metformin vs 23.6% increase among those given placebo, P = .08) as well as in homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance (median -7.2% among subjects given metformin vs 38% increase among those given placebo, P = .06). Metformin had no effects on cell proliferation (on the basis of assays for KI67) or apoptosis (on the basis of levels of caspase 3). CONCLUSIONS In a chemoprevention trial of patients with BE, daily administration of metformin for 12 weeks, compared with placebo, did not cause major reductions in esophageal levels of pS6K1. Although metformin reduced serum levels of insulin and insulin resistance, it did not discernibly alter epithelial proliferation or apoptosis in esophageal tissues. These findings do not support metformin as a chemopreventive agent for BE-associated carcinogenesis. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01447927.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabh Chak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Navtej S Buttar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathan R Foster
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Drew K Seisler
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Norman E Marcon
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Schoen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcia R Cruz-Correa
- Department of Gastroenterology Oncology at UPR Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Gary W Falk
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, Kansas City VA, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chin Hur
- Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David A Katzka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luz M Rodriguez
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ellen Richmond
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anamay N Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sumithra J Mandrekar
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul J Limburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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180
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Visceral Fat Content Correlates with Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) Local Recurrence and Survival. World J Surg 2015; 39:1895-901. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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181
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GLP-1R agonists promote normal and neoplastic intestinal growth through mechanisms requiring Fgf7. Cell Metab 2015; 21:379-91. [PMID: 25738454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L cells promotes nutrient disposal via the incretin effect. However, the majority of L cells are localized to the distal gut, suggesting additional biological roles for GLP-1. Here, we demonstrate that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling controls mucosal expansion of the small bowel (SB) and colon. These actions did not require the epidermal growth factor (EGF) or intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor (IGF1) receptors but were absent in Glp1r(-/-) mice. Polyp number and size were increased in SB of exendin-4-treated Apc(Min/+) mice, whereas polyp number was reduced in SB and colon of Glp1r(-/-):Apc(Min/+) mice. Exendin-4 increased fibroblast growth factor 7 (Fgf7) expression in colonic polyps of Apc(Min/+) mice and failed to increase intestinal growth in mice lacking Fgf7. Exogenous exendin-4 and Fgf7 regulated an overlapping set of genes important for intestinal growth. Thus, gain and loss of GLP-1R signaling regulates gut growth and intestinal tumorigenesis.
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182
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Jeong JC, Chen X. A New Semantic Functional Similarity over Gene Ontology. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2015; 12:322-334. [PMID: 26357220 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2014.2343963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Identifying functionally similar or closely related genes and gene products has significant impacts on biological and clinical studies as well as drug discovery. In this paper, we propose an effective and practically useful method measuring both gene and gene product similarity by integrating the topology of gene ontology, known functional domains and their functional annotations. The proposed method is comprehensively evaluated through statistical analysis of the similarities derived from sequence, structure and phylogenetic profiles, and clustering analysis of disease genes clusters. Our results show that the proposed method clearly outperforms other conventional methods. Furthermore, literature analysis also reveals that the proposed method is both statistically and biologically promising for identifying functionally similar genes or gene products. In particular, we demonstrate that the proposed functional similarity metric is capable of discoverying new disease related genes or gene products.
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183
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Turcios S, Lence-Anta JJ, Santana JL, Pereda CM, Velasco M, Chappe M, Infante I, Bustillo M, García A, Clero E, Maillard S, Rodriguez R, Xhaard C, Ren Y, Rubino C, Ortiz RM, de Vathaire F. Thyroid volume and its relation to anthropometric measures in a healthy cuban population. Eur Thyroid J 2015; 4:55-61. [PMID: 25960963 PMCID: PMC4404892 DOI: 10.1159/000371346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the thyroid volume in healthy adults by ultrasound and to correlate this volume with some anthropometric measures and other differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors. STUDY DESIGN Thyroid volume and anthropometric measures were recorded in a sample of 100 healthy adults, including 21 men and 79 women aged 18-50 years, living in a non-iodine-deficient area of Havana city. RESULTS The average thyroid volume was 6.6 ± 0.26 ml; it was higher in men (7.3 ml) than in women (6.4 ml; p = 0.15). In the univariate analysis, thyroid volume was correlated with all anthropometric measures, but in the multivariate analysis, body surface area was found to be the only significant anthropometric parameter. Thyroid volume was also higher in current or former smokers and in persons with blood group AB or B. CONCLUSION Specific reference values of thyroid volume as a function of body surface area could be used for evaluating thyroid volume in clinical practice. The relation between body surface area and thyroid volume is coherent with what is known about the relation of thyroid volume to thyroid cancer risk, but the same is not true about the relation between thyroid volume and smoking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mae Chappe
- Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | | - Anabel García
- Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Enora Clero
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Maillard
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Constance Xhaard
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Yan Ren
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Carole Rubino
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | - Rosa M. Ortiz
- Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Florent de Vathaire
- Radiation Epidemiology Group, Unit 1018-Inserm, Villejuif, France
- The Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
- *Florent de Vathaire, PhD, Radiation Epidemiology Group, 1018 INSERM Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Rue Edouard Vaillant, FR-94805 Villejuif (France), E-Mail
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184
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Goldman KN, Hodes-Wertz B, McCulloh DH, Flom JD, Grifo JA. Association of body mass index with embryonic aneuploidy. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:744-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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185
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Fujisaki K, Fujimoto H, Sangai T, Nagashima T, Sakakibara M, Shiina N, Kuroda M, Aoyagi Y, Miyazaki M. Cancer-mediated adipose reversion promotes cancer cell migration via IL-6 and MCP-1. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:255-63. [PMID: 25721605 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate interactions between adipocytes and breast cancer cells, and identify the responsible factors for the observed effects. In 27 breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy, mammary adipose tissue was obtained from the breast quadrant bearing the tumor and corresponding non-tumoral quadrant. Isolated normal breast adipocytes (NBAs) and cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) were cultured in collagen gels to mimic the in vivo environment. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and cell proliferation assays were performed to analyze adipocyte phenotypes. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were co-cultured with adipocytes to detect phenotypic changes. Migration of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was assessed in NBA- and CAA-conditioned media. Cytokine levels in conditioned media were measured by cytokine array. Migration assays were repeated using conditioned media containing neutralizing antibodies. NBAs and CAAs lost their morphological phenotype in culture, acquiring a spindle-like shape, and CAAs showed higher cell proliferation, suggesting reversion to an immature phenotype. In co-cultures with MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 cells, NBAs exhibited increased cell proliferation, indicating acquisition of the immature phenotype of CAAs. MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 showed higher migration in a CAA-conditioned medium than in an NBA-conditioned medium. Cytokine array analysis of conditioned media revealed higher levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the CAA-conditioned medium. Neutralization experiments using antibodies against IL-6 or MCP-1 showed abrogation of migration-enhancing effects of the CAA-conditioned medium. Adipocytes revert to an immature and proliferative phenotype in the presence of breast cancer cells, and promote cancer cell migration via adipokines including IL-6 and MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Fujisaki
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
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186
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Lack of association between leptin G-2548A polymorphisms and obesity risk: Evidence based on a meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:389-97. [PMID: 25733497 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing in most industrialized and developing countries. We aimed to investigate the association between leptin (LEP) G-2548A polymorphisms and the risk of obesity. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for studies that evaluated the association between LEP G-2548A polymorphisms and obesity risk prior to March 2014. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to estimate the risk of obesity. Meta-analysis of subgroup populations and different control sources was conducted using homozygote (AA vs. GG), allelic (A vs. G), dominant (AA+GA vs. GG), recessive (AA vs. GG+GA), and heterozygote (AG vs. GG) models. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using χ(2)-tests based on Q-statistics. The pooled ORs were calculated using a random-effects model if there was no heterogeneity; otherwise, a random-effects model was used. Two authors extracted the data independently. The funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. RESULTS Nine case-controlled publications that evaluated the association between LEP G-2548A polymorphisms and obesity risk, which included 2594 subjects (1235 obesity cases and 1359 controls), were included in our meta-analysis. No significant association between this polymorphism and obesity risk was observed (P>0.05). Significant heterogeneity was detected among the studies. The results of subgroup analysis according to ethnicity and different control groups suggested that LEP G-2548A polymorphisms might increase the obesity risk in African populations in the homozygote (AA vs. GG: OR=2.38, 95% CI=1.15-4.93, P=0.020) and recessive (AA vs. GG+GA: OR=2.03, 95% CI=1.34-3.06, P=0.001) models. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this meta-analysis indicated that LEP G-2548A polymorphisms are not associated with obesity risk, although significant associations were observed in the homozygote model (AA vs. GG) and the recessive model (AA vs. GG+GA) in Africa populations. Further studies are still needed to validate and confirm this association.
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187
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Ramadori G, Konstantinidou G, Venkateswaran N, Biscotti T, Morlock L, Galié M, Williams NS, Luchetti M, Santinelli A, Scaglioni PP, Coppari R. Diet-induced unresolved ER stress hinders KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis. Cell Metab 2015; 21:117-25. [PMID: 25533479 PMCID: PMC4305190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary effects on tumor biology can be exploited to unravel cancer vulnerabilities. Here, we present surprising evidence for anti-proliferative action of high-calorie-diet (HCD) feeding on KRAS-driven lung tumors. Tumors of mice that commenced HCD feeding before tumor onset displayed defective unfolded protein response (UPR) and unresolved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Unresolved ER stress and reduced proliferation are reversed by chemical chaperone treatment. Whole-genome transcriptional analyses revealed FKBP10 as one of the most downregulated chaperones in tumors of the HCD-pre-tumor-onset group. FKBP10 downregulation dampens tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Providing translational value to these results, we report that FKBP10 is expressed in human KRAS-positive and -negative lung cancers, but not in healthy parenchyma. Collectively, our data shed light on an unexpected anti-tumor action of HCD imposed before tumor onset and identify FKBP10 as a putative therapeutic target to selectively hinder lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Ramadori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Konstantinidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tommasina Biscotti
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lorraine Morlock
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mirco Galié
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Noelle S Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michele Luchetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Santinelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Roberto Coppari
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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188
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Miller S, Rafanan L, Keihany S, Reyes-Ortiz CA. The relationship between body mass index and cancer screening utilization among older women in Latin American and Caribbean cities. J Women Aging 2015; 27:3-16. [PMID: 25551260 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2014.905403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between body mass index and cancer screening utilization, we analyzed data from six cities of the Health, Well-Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean Study on 5,230 women aged 60 and older, from 1999 to 2000. We found that underweight women were less likely to have had a mammogram, a breast self-exam, and a Pap smear, relative to normal-weight women. However, overweight or obese women were more likely to have a breast self-exam and a Pap smear. Thus, being underweight had a role for decreased cancer screening utilization among older women in Latin American cities, but not being overweight or obese, which was associated with decreased cancer screening in most previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Miller
- a Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine , Fort Worth , TX
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189
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Kumar P, Dubey KK. Current trends and future prospects of lipstatin: a lipase inhibitor and pro-drug for obesity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the implications and causes of obesity, the status of antiobesity drugs, the mechanism of inhibition of pancreatic lipases, the biosynthesis of lipstatin and the present status of lipstatin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Maharshi Dayanand University
- Rohtak
- India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory
- University Institute of Engineering and Technology
- Maharshi Dayanand University
- Rohtak
- India
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190
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Canlorbe G, Bendifallah S, Raimond E, Graesslin O, Hudry D, Coutant C, Touboul C, Bleu G, Collinet P, Darai E, Ballester M. Severe Obesity Impacts Recurrence-Free Survival of Women with High-Risk Endometrial Cancer: Results of a French Multicenter Study. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 22:2714-21. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-4295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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191
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Phelps M, Hamilton J, Verbeck GF. Nanomanipulation-coupled nanospray mass spectrometry as an approach for single cell analysis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:124101. [PMID: 25554307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4902322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray mass spectrometry is now a widely used technique for observing cell content of various biological tissues. However, electrospray techniques (liquid chromatography and direct infusion) often involve lysing a group of cells and extracting the biomolecules of interest, rather than a sensitive, individual cell method to observe local chemistry. Presented here is an approach of combining a nanomanipulator workstation with nanospray mass spectrometry, which allows for extraction of a single cell, followed by rapid mass analysis that can provide a detailed metabolic profile. Triacylglycerol content was profiled with this tool coupled to mass spectrometry to investigate heterogeneity between healthy and tumorous tissues as well as lipid droplet containing adipocytes in vitro as proof of concept. This selective approach provides cellular resolution and complements existing bioanalytical techniques with minimal invasion to samples. In addition, the coupling of nanomanipulation and mass spectrometry holds the potential to be used in a great number of applications for individual organelles, diseased tissues, and in vitro cell cultures for observing heterogeneity even amongst cells and organelles of the same tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Phelps
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Jason Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
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192
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Cohen SS, Park Y, Signorello LB, Patel AV, Boggs DA, Kolonel LN, Kitahara CM, Knutsen SF, Gillanders E, Monroe KR, de Gonzalez AB, Bethea TN, Black A, Fraser G, Gapstur S, Hartge P, Matthews CE, Park SY, Purdue MP, Singh P, Harvey C, Blot WJ, Palmer JR. A pooled analysis of body mass index and mortality among African Americans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111980. [PMID: 25401742 PMCID: PMC4234271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pooled analyses among whites and East Asians have demonstrated positive associations between all-cause mortality and body mass index (BMI), but studies of African Americans have yielded less consistent results. We examined the association between BMI and all-cause mortality in a sample of African Americans pooled from seven prospective cohort studies: NIH-AARP, 1995-2009; Adventist Health Study 2, 2002-2008; Black Women's Health Study, 1995-2009; Cancer Prevention Study II, 1982-2008; Multiethnic Cohort Study, 1993-2007; Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Screening Trial, 1993-2009; Southern Community Cohort Study, 2002-2009. 239,526 African Americans (including 100,175 never smokers without baseline heart disease, stroke, or cancer), age 30-104 (mean 52) and 71% female, were followed up to 26.5 years (mean 11.7). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality were derived from multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Among healthy, never smokers (11,386 deaths), HRs (CI) for BMI 25-27.4, 27.5-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9, 40-49.9, and 50-60 kg/m(2) were 1.02 (0.92-1.12), 1.06 (0.95-1.18), 1.32 (1.18-1.47), 1.54 (1.29-1.83), 1.93 (1.46-2.56), and 1.93 (0.80-4.69), respectively among men and 1.06 (0.99-1.15), 1.15 (1.06-1.25), 1.24 (1.15-1.34), 1.58 (1.43-1.74), 1.80 (1.60-2.02), and 2.31 (1.74-3.07) respectively among women (reference category 22.5-24.9). HRs were highest among those with the highest educational attainment, longest follow-up, and for cardiovascular disease mortality. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of mortality in African Americans, similar to that observed in pooled analyses of whites and East Asians. This study provides compelling evidence to support public health efforts to prevent excess weight gain and obesity in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Cohen
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- EpidStat Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa B. Signorello
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alpa V. Patel
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Boggs
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Cari M. Kitahara
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Synnove F. Knutsen
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Gillanders
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristine R. Monroe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Traci N. Bethea
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary Fraser
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Patricia Hartge
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pramil Singh
- Center for Health Research, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States of America
| | - Chinonye Harvey
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julie R. Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Canuto R, Pattussi MP, Macagnan JBA, Henn RL, Olinto MTA. Sleep deprivation and obesity in shift workers in southern Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2014; 17:2619-23. [PMID: 24168892 PMCID: PMC10282264 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980013002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to explore the association between sleep deprivation and obesity among shift workers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Time of sleep was categorized as: >5 h of continuous sleep/d; ≤5 h of continuous sleep/d with some additional rest (sleep deprivation level I); and ≤5 h of continuous sleep/d without any additional rest (sleep deprivation level II). Sociodemographic, parental and behavioural variables were evaluated by means of a standardized pre-tested questionnaire. Potential confounding factors were controlled for in the multivariable model. SETTING A poultry-processing plant in southern Brazil. SUBJECTS Nine hundred and five shift workers (63 % female). RESULTS Obesity was more prevalent in the participants who were female, aged 40 years and older, who had less schooling and reported excess weight in both parents. Sleep deprivation levels I and II were associated with increased income, number of meals consumed throughout the day and nightshift work. All of the workers who exhibited a degree of sleep deprivation worked the night shift. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the prevalence ratios of obesity were 1·4 (95 % CI 0·8, 2·2) and 4·4 (95 % CI 2·4, 8·0) in the workers with sleep deprivation levels I and II, respectively, compared with the reference group. CONCLUSIONS These results show a strong association between sleep deprivation and obesity in shift workers and that sleep deprivation may be a direct consequence of working at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Canuto
- Post-graduate Programme in Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, Department of Nutrition, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pascoal Pattussi
- Post-graduate Programme in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, CP 275, São Leopoldo, RS 93022-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ruth Liane Henn
- Post-graduate Programme in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, CP 275, São Leopoldo, RS 93022-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Post-graduate Programme in Collective Health, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, CP 275, São Leopoldo, RS 93022-000, Brazil
- Nutrition Department, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Svendstrup M, Vestergaard H. The potential role of inhibitor of differentiation-3 in human adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic health. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:149-54. [PMID: 25239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic health in obesity is known to differ among individuals, and the distribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) plays an important role in this regard. Adipose tissue expansion is dependent on new blood vessel formation in order to prevent hypoxia and inflammation in the tissue. Regulation of angiogenesis in SAT and VAT in response to diet is therefore crucial for the metabolic outcome in obesity. Knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms determining metabolic health in obesity is very limited. We aimed to review the literature of the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3) gene in relation to adipose tissue and angiogenesis in humans in order to determine whether ID3 could be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue expansion and metabolic health in human obesity. We find evidence that ID3 is involved in regulatory mechanisms in adipose tissue and regulates angiogenesis in many tissues including adipose tissue. We discuss how this might influence obesity and metabolic health in obesity and further discuss some potential mechanisms by which ID3 might regulate visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion. The combined results from the reviewed literature suggest ID3 to play a potential role in the underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic health in human obesity. The literature is still sparse and further studies focusing on human ID3 in relation to the nature of obesity are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Svendstrup
- The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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195
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Wu T, Guo A, Shu Q, Qi Y, Kong Y, Sun Z, Sun S, Fu Z. L-Carnitine intake prevents irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder. Gene 2014; 554:148-54. [PMID: 25445284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
L-Carnitine supplementation has been used to reduce obesity caused by high-fat diet, which is beneficial for lowering blood and hepatic lipid levels, and for ameliorating fatty liver. However, whether l-carnitine may affect irregular feeding-induced obesity and lipid metabolism disorder is still largely unknown. In the present study, we developed a time-delayed pattern of eating, and investigated the effects of l-carnitine on the irregular eating induced adiposity in mice. After an experimental period of 8 weeks with l-carnitine supplementation, l-carnitine significantly inhibited body weight increase and epididymal fat weight gain induced by the time-delayed feeding. In addition, l-carnitine administration decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and triglyceride (TG), which were significantly elevated by the irregular feeding. Moreover, mice supplemented with l-carnitine did not display glucose intolerance-associated hallmarks, which were found in the irregular feeding-induced obesity. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that l-carnitine counteracted the negative alterations of lipid metabolic gene expression (fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase) in the liver and fat of mice caused by the irregular feeding. Therefore, our results suggest that the time-delayed pattern of eating can induce adiposity and lipid metabolic disorders, while l-carnitine supplementation might prevent these negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Anqi Guo
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Qingyu Shu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Yangjian Qi
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Ying Kong
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhiping Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China.
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Santini F, Marzullo P, Rotondi M, Ceccarini G, Pagano L, Ippolito S, Chiovato L, Biondi B. Mechanisms in endocrinology: the crosstalk between thyroid gland and adipose tissue: signal integration in health and disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 171:R137-52. [PMID: 25214234 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and thyroid diseases are common disorders in the general population and they frequently occur in single individuals. Alongside a chance association, a direct relationship between 'thyroid and obesity' has been hypothesized. Thyroid hormone is an important determinant of energy expenditure and contributes to appetite regulation, while hormones and cytokines from the adipose tissue act on the CNS to inform on the quantity of energy stores. A continuous interaction between the thyroid hormone and regulatory mechanisms localized in adipose tissue and brain is important for human body weight control and maintenance of optimal energy balance. Whether obesity has a pathogenic role in thyroid disease remains largely a matter of investigation. This review highlights the complexity in the identification of thyroid hormone deficiency in obese patients. Regardless of the importance of treating subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, at present there is no evidence to recommend pharmacological correction of the isolated hyperthyrotropinemia often encountered in obese patients. While thyroid hormones are not indicated as anti-obesity drugs, preclinical studies suggest that thyromimetic drugs, by targeting selected receptors, might be useful in the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferruccio Santini
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Rotondi
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ceccarini
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Pagano
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Ippolito
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bernadette Biondi
- Endocrinology UnitObesity Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational MedicineUniversity of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, ItalyDivision of General MedicineI.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, ItalyUnit of Internal Medicine and EndocrinologyFondazione Salvatore Maugeri I.R.C.C.S., University of Pavia, Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bussière C, Sicsic J, Pelletier-Fleury N. The effects of obesity and mobility disability in access to breast and cervical cancer screening in france: results from the national health and disability survey. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104901. [PMID: 25133662 PMCID: PMC4136821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to disentangle the effects of obesity and mobility limitation on cervical and breast cancer screening among community dwelling women. Methods The data source was the French national Health and Disability Survey - Household Section, 2008. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to categorize obesity status. We constructed a continuous score of mobility limitations to assess the severity of disability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84). Logistic regressions were performed to examine the association between obesity, mobility limitations and the use of Pap test (n = 8 133) and the use of mammography (n = 7 561). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated (AOR). Interaction terms between obesity and the disability score were included in models testing for effect modifications. Results Compared with non-obese women, the odds of having a Pap test in the past 3 years was 24% lower in obese women (AOR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.89), the odds of having a mammogram in the past 2 years was 23% lower (AOR = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.91). Each time the disability score was 5 points higher, the odds of having a Pap test decreases by 20% (AOR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.98), the odds of having a mammogram decreases by 25% (AOR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.97). There was no significant interaction between obesity and disability score. Conclusion Obesity and mobility limitation are independently associated with a lower likelihood of cervical and breast cancer screening. Protective outreach and follow-up are necessary to reduce inequalities and thus to reduce health disparities in these vulnerable and high-risk populations of obese women with disabilities.
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Joint association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor variants with abdominal obesity in American Indians: the Strong Heart Family Study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102220. [PMID: 25036316 PMCID: PMC4103845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a strong risk factor for obesity and cardiovascular disease. The effect of genetic variants involved in nicotine metabolism on obesity or body composition has not been well studied. Though many genetic variants have previously been associated with adiposity or body fat distribution, a single variant usually confers a minimal individual risk. The goal of this study is to evaluate the joint association of multiple variants involved in cigarette smoke or nicotine dependence with obesity-related phenotypes in American Indians. To achieve this goal, we genotyped 61 tagSNPs in seven genes encoding nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in 3,665 American Indians participating in the Strong Heart Family Study. Single SNP association with obesity-related traits was tested using family-based association, adjusting for traditional risk factors including smoking. Joint association of all SNPs in the seven nAChRs genes were examined by gene-family analysis based on weighted truncated product method (TPM). Multiple testing was controlled by false discovery rate (FDR). Results demonstrate that multiple SNPs showed weak individual association with one or more measures of obesity, but none survived correction for multiple testing. However, gene-family analysis revealed significant associations with waist circumference (p = 0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.0001), but not body mass index (p = 0.20) and percent body fat (p = 0.29), indicating that genetic variants are jointly associated with abdominal, but not general, obesity among American Indians. The observed combined genetic effect is independent of cigarette smoking per se. In conclusion, multiple variants in the nAChR gene family are jointly associated with abdominal obesity in American Indians, independent of general obesity and cigarette smoking per se.
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James LM, Carneiro K. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in a Postmenopausal Woman After an Intra-articular Knee Injection With Triamcinolone: A Case Report. PM R 2014; 6:656-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dazard JEJ, Sandlers Y, Doerner SK, Berger NA, Brunengraber H. Metabolomics of ApcMin/+ mice genetically susceptible to intestinal cancer. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:72. [PMID: 24954394 PMCID: PMC4099115 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background To determine how diets high in saturated fat could increase polyp formation in the mouse model of intestinal neoplasia, ApcMin/+, we conducted large-scale metabolome analysis and association study of colon and small intestine polyp formation from plasma and liver samples of ApcMin/+ vs. wild-type littermates, kept on low vs. high-fat diet. Label-free mass spectrometry was used to quantify untargeted plasma and acyl-CoA liver compounds, respectively. Differences in contrasts of interest were analyzed statistically by unsupervised and supervised modeling approaches, namely Principal Component Analysis and Linear Model of analysis of variance. Correlation between plasma metabolite concentrations and polyp numbers was analyzed with a zero-inflated Generalized Linear Model. Results Plasma metabolome in parallel to promotion of tumor development comprises a clearly distinct profile in ApcMin/+ mice vs. wild type littermates, which is further altered by high-fat diet. Further, functional metabolomics pathway and network analyses in ApcMin/+ mice on high-fat diet revealed associations between polyp formation and plasma metabolic compounds including those involved in amino-acids metabolism as well as nicotinamide and hippuric acid metabolic pathways. Finally, we also show changes in liver acyl-CoA profiles, which may result from a combination of ApcMin/+-mediated tumor progression and high fat diet. The biological significance of these findings is discussed in the context of intestinal cancer progression. Conclusions These studies show that high-throughput metabolomics combined with appropriate statistical modeling and large scale functional approaches can be used to monitor and infer changes and interactions in the metabolome and genome of the host under controlled experimental conditions. Further these studies demonstrate the impact of diet on metabolic pathways and its relation to intestinal cancer progression. Based on our results, metabolic signatures and metabolic pathways of polyposis and intestinal carcinoma have been identified, which may serve as useful targets for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Eudes J Dazard
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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