151
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Yang C, Lim W, Song G. Immunotoxicological effects of insecticides in exposed fishes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 247:109064. [PMID: 33905824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active compounds used in agriculture that develop near aquatic environments easily spill into rivers or lakes. As a result, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides are observed worldwide in aquatic environments and accumulated in aquatic organism. Many insecticides, including organochlorine and organophosphate, have long been banned long ago because of their high persistence and non-target toxicity. However, previous studies have shown that persistent pesticides remain in aquatic organisms. The immune system is the first defense mechanism against exposure to persistent organic pollutants or pesticides that have been released into the aquatic environment. Many insecticides have been reported to cause immunotoxicity, which is represented by alteration of phagocytic and lysozyme activity. Recent studies show that immunotoxicity by insecticides exerts a more complex mechanism in fish. Insecticides induce immunotoxic effects, such as the release of inflammatory cytokines from head kidney macrophages and inhibition of immune cell proliferation in fish, which can lead to death in severe cases. Even currently used pesticides, such as pyrethroid, with low bioaccumulation have been shown to induce immunotoxicological effects in fish when exposed continuously. Therefore, this review describes the types and bioaccumulation of insecticides that cause immunotoxicity and detailed immunotoxicological mechanisms in fish tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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152
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Adhikari N, McGill IN, Hadwiger JA. MAPK docking motif in the Dictyostelium Gα2 subunit is required for aggregation and transcription factor translocation. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110117. [PMID: 34418534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Some G protein alpha subunits contain a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking motif (D-motif) near the amino terminus that can impact cellular responses to external signals. The Dictyostelium Gα2 G protein subunit is required for chemotaxis to cAMP during the onset of multicellular development and this subunit contains a putative D-motif near the amino terminus. The Gα2 subunit D-motif was altered to examine its potential role in chemotaxis and multicellular development. In gα2- cells the expression of the D-motif mutant (Gα2D-) or wild-type subunit from high copy number vectors rescued cell aggregation but blocked the transition of mounds into slugs. This phenotype was also observed in parental strains with a wild-type gα2 locus indicating that the heterologous Gα2 subunit expression interferes with multicellular morphogenesis. Expression of the Gα2D- subunit from a low copy number vectors in gα2- cells did not rescue aggregation whereas the wild-type Gα2 subunit rescued aggregation efficiently and allowed wild-type morphological development. The Gα2D- and Gα2 subunit were both capable of restoring comparable levels of cAMP stimulated motility and the ability to co-aggregate with wild-type cells implying that the aggregation defect of Gα2D- expressing cells is due to insufficient intercellular signaling. Expression of the Gα2 subunit but not the Gα2D- subunit fully restored the ability of cAMP to stimulate the translocation of the GtaC transcription factor suggesting the D-motif is important for transcription factor regulation. These results suggest that the D-motif of Gα2 plays a role in aggregation and other developmental responses involved with cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, United States of America
| | - Imani N McGill
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Hadwiger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3020, United States of America.
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153
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Zheng X, Su H, Wang L, Yao R, Ma Y, Bai L, Wang Y, Guo X, Wang Z. Phosphoproteomics Analysis Reveals a Pivotal Mechanism Related to Amino Acid Signals in Goat Fetal Fibroblast. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:685548. [PMID: 34414225 PMCID: PMC8370256 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.685548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to serving as the building blocks for protein synthesis, amino acids serve as critical signaling molecules in cells. However, the mechanism through which amino acid signals are sensed in cells is not yet fully understood. This study examined differences in the phosphorylation levels of proteins in response to amino acid signals in Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts (GFb). Amino acid deficiency was found to induce autophagy and attenuate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1)/Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling in GFb cells. A total of 144 phosphosites on 102 proteins positively associated with amino acid signaling were screened using phosphorylation-based proteomics analysis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was found to play a potentially important role in the interaction network involved in the response to amino acid signals, according to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and MAPK1/3 may serve as a central hub for the entire network. Motif analysis identified three master motifs, xxx_S_Pxx, xxx_S_xxE, and xxx_S_xDx, which were centered on those phosphosites at which phosphorylation was positively regulated by amino acid signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation levels of three membrane proteins, the zinc transporter SLC39A7, the sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and SLC38A7, and three translation initiation factors, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)5B, eIF4G, and eIF3C, were positively regulated by amino acid signals. These pivotal proteins were added to currently known signaling pathways to generate a novel model of the network pathways associated with amino acid signals. Finally, the phosphorylation levels of threonine 203 and tyrosine 205 on MAPK3 in response to amino acid signals were examined by western blot analysis, and the results were consistent with the data from the phosphoproteomics analysis. The findings of this study provide new evidence and insights into the precise mechanism through which amino acid signals are sensed and conducted in Cashmere goat fetal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hailar, China
| | - Huimin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruiyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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154
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Prabhakar A, González B, Dionne H, Basu S, Cullen PJ. Spatiotemporal control of pathway sensors and cross-pathway feedback regulate a differentiation MAPK pathway in yeast. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258341. [PMID: 34347092 PMCID: PMC8353523 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways control cell differentiation and the response to stress. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth (fMAPK) shares components with the pathway that regulates the response to osmotic stress (HOG). Here, we show that the two pathways exhibit different patterns of activity throughout the cell cycle. The different patterns resulted from different expression profiles of genes encoding mucin sensors that regulate the pathways. Cross-pathway regulation from the fMAPK pathway stimulated the HOG pathway, presumably to modulate fMAPK pathway activity. We also show that the shared tetraspan protein Sho1p, which has a dynamic localization pattern throughout the cell cycle, induced the fMAPK pathway at the mother-bud neck. A Sho1p-interacting protein, Hof1p, which also localizes to the mother-bud neck and regulates cytokinesis, also regulated the fMAPK pathway. Therefore, spatial and temporal regulation of pathway sensors, and cross-pathway regulation, control a MAPK pathway that regulates cell differentiation in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul J. Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
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155
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MAPK and Notch-Mediated Effects of Meso-Xanthin F199 Compounds on Proliferative Activity and Apoptosis of Human Melanocytes in Three-Dimensional Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8463161. [PMID: 34337053 PMCID: PMC8315846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8463161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Meso-Xanthin (Meso-Xanthin F199™) is a highly active antiaging injection drug of the latest generation. The main acting compound is fucoxanthin, supplemented with several growth factors, vitamins, and hyaluronic acid. Previous examination of fucoxanthin on melanocytes showed its ability to inhibit skin pigmentation through different signaling pathways focused on suppression of melanogenic-stimulating receptors. In turn, the anticancer property of fucoxanthin is realized through MAPK and PI3K pathways. We aimed to evaluate the effect of fucoxanthin and supplemented growth factors on melanocyte growth and transformation at a proteomic level. The effect of fucoxanthin on melanocytes cultivated in three-dimensional (3D) condition was examined using high-throughput proteomic and system biology approaches to disclose key molecular events of the targeted action. Our results demonstrated significant inhibition of cell differentiation and ubiquitination processes. We found that the negative regulation of PSME1 and PTGIS largely determines the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK2. Besides, fucoxanthin selectively inhibits cell differentiation via negative regulation of Raf signaling and the upstream activation of IL-1 signaling. It is assumed that inhibition of Raf influences the Notch-4 signaling and switches off the MAPK/MAPK2 cascade. Blockage of MAPK/MAPK2 is feasible due to suppression of Ras and NF-κB by the addressed action of IKKB, IKK2, and TRAF6. Suggestively, Meso-Xanthin F199™ can manage processes of proliferative activity and inhibition of apoptosis due to composition of fucoxanthin and growth-stimulating factors, which may increase the risk of skin cancer development under certain condition.
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156
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Aravilli RK, Vikram SL, Kohila V. The Functional Impact of Alternative Splicing and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1014-1029. [PMID: 33001009 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666201001142416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics and proteomics aid the identification of genes associated with various diseases. Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci as risk alleles for susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A bisection of RA risk can be attributed to genetic factors. Over 100 associated genetic loci that encompass immune regulatory factors have been found to be linked with RA. Aberrant Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and alternative splicing mechanisms in such loci induce RA. These aberrations are viewed as potential therapeutic targets due to their association with a multitude of diseases. This review presents a few imperious genes whose alterations can cause severe bone deformities culminating in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kowshik Aravilli
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
| | - S Laveen Vikram
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, India
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157
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Zhang W, Hong J, Zheng W, Liu A, Yang Y. High glucose exacerbates neuroinflammation and apoptosis at the intermediate stage after post-traumatic brain injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16088-16104. [PMID: 34176788 PMCID: PMC8266309 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly lethal event with a poor prognosis. Recovering residual neuronal function in the intermediate stage of TBI is important for treatment; however, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis impede residual neuronal repair processes. Considering that hyperglycemia influences inflammatory processes and neuronal survival, we examined the effects of high glucose on neuroinflammation and neuronal death during the intermediate phase of TBI. Rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or TBI were developed and behaviorally assessed. Neurological function and cognitive abilities were impaired in TBI rats and worsened by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Histopathological staining and analyses of serum and hippocampal mRNA and protein levels indicated that neuroinflammation and apoptosis were induced in TBI rats and exacerbated by hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia inhibited hippocampal mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 (MEK5) phosphorylation in TBI rats. In vitro assays were used to assess inflammatory factor expression, apoptotic protein levels and neuronal survival after MEK5 activation in TBI- and/or high-glucose-treated neurons. MEK5/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway activation reduced the inflammation, cleaved caspase-3 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and apoptosis of TBI neurons, even under high-glucose conditions. Thus, high glucose exacerbated neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the intermediate stage post-TBI by inhibiting the MEK5/ERK5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Jun Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Wencheng Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
- Hebei Institute of Head Trauma, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
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158
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Tiwari A, Rahi S, Mehan S. Elucidation of Abnormal Extracellular Regulated Kinase (ERK) Signaling and Associations with Syndromic and Non-syndromic Autism. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:1071-1086. [PMID: 33081671 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201020155010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a highly inherited and extremely complex disorder in which results from various cases indicate chromosome anomalies, unusual single-gene mutations, and multiplicative effects of particular gene variants, characterized primarily by impaired speech and social interaction and restricted behavior. The precise etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently unclear. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling mechanism affects neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity during the development of the central nervous mechanism. In this regard, the pathway of ERK has recently gained significant interest in the pathogenesis of ASD. The mutation occurs in a few ERK components. Besides, the ERK pathway dysfunction lies in the upstream of modified translation and contributes to synapse pathology in syndromic types of autism. In this review, we highlight the ERK pathway as a target for neurodevelopmental disorder autism. In addition, we summarize the regulation of the ERK pathway with ERK inhibitors in neurological disorders. In conclusion, a better understanding of the ERK signaling pathway provides a range of therapeutic options for autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Tiwari
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Rahi
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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159
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Liao K, Chen J, Fan L, Wang Z. Long noncoding RNA H19 promotes the apoptosis of corpus cavernsum smooth muscle cells after cavernosal nerve injury via JNK signalling pathway. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14089. [PMID: 34137055 DOI: 10.1111/and.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
JNK/ Bcl-2/ Bax pathway participates in corpus cavernosal smooth muscle cells apoptosis during early period after cavernosal nerve (CN) crush injury (CNCI). Nevertheless, the regulation mechanisms of long noncoding RNA H19 in apoptosis during early stage after CN injury are still poorly understood. The rats in sham group were not direct injury to the CNs. The rats in CNCI group were performed to bilateral CN crush injury. The ICP/MAP rate and smooth muscle content were significantly lower than that in the sham group. Primary CCSMCs were prepared from the tissues samples after completing erectile function detection. Phosphorylated-JNK level was increased significantly, and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was elevated and declined in CNCI group respectively. Except for Bcl-2, the mRNA levels of H19, JNK and Bax were significantly increased in CNCI group. After H19 siRNA transfection, for the mRNA and protein levels, JNK and Bax were declined, while Bcl-2 was enhanced. LncRNA H19 might be involved in regulation of Bcl-2, Bax via JNK signalling pathway in CCSMCs apoptosis after CN injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisen Liao
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangquan Wang
- Medical Laboratory, Tiantai County People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
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160
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Gavrilova NA, Borzenok SA, Revishchin AV, Tishchenko OE, Ostrovkiy DS, Bobrova MM, Safonova LA, Efimov AE, Agapova OI, Agammedov MB, Pavlova GV, Agapov II. The effect of biodegradable silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on the corneal regeneration process. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:264-276. [PMID: 34119551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Corneal injury due to ocular trauma or infection is one of the most challenging vision impairing pathologies. The aim of the work was to study the effect of biodegradable silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF on the corneal regeneration process. During cultivate the highest keratocytes proliferative activity was registered with scaffolds containing 250 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml GDNF. In mice with an experimental model of epithelial-stromal damage to the cornea, silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF in various concentrations were used (in groups 1, 2 and 3 silk fibroin-based scaffolds containing GDNF in a concentration of 50 ng/ml, 250 ng/ml and 500 ng/ml, respectively; in group 4 - silk fibroin-based scaffolds without GDNF; in group 5 - a solution of GDNF with concentration of 500 ng/ml; group 6- control). The area of the corneal epithelial defect in groups 2, 3, and 5 was less than in the other groups. The most pronounced positive immunohistochemical reaction with antibodies to Bcl2, Bax, phosphoERK1/2 and phospho-JNK1/2, Ki67, Gap43 was observed in groups 2 and 3. Thus, silk fibroin-based scaffolds with GDNF stimulate the epithelialization process, proliferative activity of epithelial cells and keratocytes, accelerate the formation of the stromal nerve plexus and exhibit anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Gavrilova
- The A.I. Evdokimov Моscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Borzenok
- The A.I. Evdokimov Моscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A V Revishchin
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O E Tishchenko
- The A.I. Evdokimov Моscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D S Ostrovkiy
- The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M M Bobrova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - L A Safonova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A E Efimov
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - O I Agapova
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M B Agammedov
- The A.I. Evdokimov Моscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of the Ministry of Healthcare the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - G V Pavlova
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I I Agapov
- Academician V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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161
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Liao S, He J, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liao H, Liao Z, Yu C, Guan J, Mo H, Yuan Z, Liang T, Lu Z, Xu G, Wang Z, Chen J, Jiang J, Zhan X. Construction of autophagy prognostic signature and analysis of prospective molecular mechanisms in skin cutaneous melanoma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26219. [PMID: 34087900 PMCID: PMC8183723 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is closely related to skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), but the mechanism involved is unclear. Therefore, exploration of the role of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in SKCM is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differential expression autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) were first analysed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the expression of DEARGs and prognosis of SKCM. Further, the expression levels of prognosis-related DEARGs were verified by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of SKCM. RESULTS Five ARGs (APOL1, BIRC5, EGFR, TP63, and SPNS1) were positively correlated with the prognosis of SKCM. IHC verified the results of the differential expression of these 5 ARGs in the bioinformatics analysis. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the signature had a good performance at predicting overall survival in SKCM. The signature could classify SKCM patients into high-risk or low-risk groups according to distinct overall survival. The nomogram confirmed that the risk score has a particularly large impact on the prognosis of SKCM. Calibration plot displayed excellent agreement between nomogram predictions and actual observations. Principal component analysis indicated that patients in the high-risk group could be distinguished from those in low-risk group. Results of GSEA indicated that the low-risk group is enriched with aggressiveness-related pathways such as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Our study identified a 5-gene signature. It revealed the mechanisms of autophagy that lead to the progression of SKCM and established a prognostic nomogram that can predict overall survival of patients with SKCM. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the relationship between ARGs and prognosis of SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian Liao
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Juliang He
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Chong Liu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Zide Zhang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Hongyu Liao
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Zuowei Liao
- Department of General Surgery, The Ninth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Beihai, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaojie Yu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Hao Mo
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
| | - Tuo Liang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Zequn Wang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Jiarui Chen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Jie Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi
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162
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Chang L, Zhou R, He Y, Meng M, Hu J, Liu Y, Pan Y, Tang Z, Yue Z. Total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris inhibit proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and influence MAPK signalling pathways on the colorectal cancer cell. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:542. [PMID: 34080021 PMCID: PMC8185512 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence and second in mortality among all types of cancer, and due to its insidious onset and lack of early symptoms, it is usually diagnosed at a later stage. Saponins, a class of compounds abundant in plants, have been reported to possess prominent anti‑tumour properties. The use of ginsenoside Rg3 in the clinical setting was authorized by the National Medicinal Products Administration of China. In the present study, total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris (RPMTG) were prepared, and the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti‑CRC effects of RPMTG were investigated. The effect of RPMTG on the proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of HCT116 and SW620 cells were detected by MTT, flow cytometry and western blotting assays, and it was demonstrated that RPMTG could inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and SW620 cells with IC50 values of 315.8 and 355.1 µg/ml, respectively, induce cell cycle arrest in the S and G0/G1 phase, and trigger apoptosis by downregulating the expression of the anti‑apoptotic proteins Bcl‑2, Bcl‑xL and induced myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein Mcl‑1, and increasing the expression of the pro‑apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad, cleaved caspased‑3 and poly(ADP)‑ribose polymerase. These findings suggested that RPMTG induced apoptosis through mitochondrial‑related pathways. In addition, RPMTG also decreased the expression of phosphorylated (p)‑extracellular signal‑regulated kinase and increased p‑c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (p‑JNK) and p‑p38. Moreover, the effects of RPMTG on cell proliferation and apoptosis were partially reversed when the JNK and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were inhibited, indicating that RPMTG triggered apoptosis mainly via regulating JNK and p38 MAPK signalling. Therefore, RPMTG may have potential as an anti‑CRC agent, and further evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yihan He
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Jinhang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Du P, Jiang D. Rigosertib inhibits MEK1-ERK pathway and alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2021; 9:991-999. [PMID: 34061465 PMCID: PMC8342218 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Here, by using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mice sepsis model, we treated septic wild‐type (WT) mice or MEK1DD mice with rigosertib to evaluate its prospective effects on sepsis. Methods We also generated macrophages derived from bone marrow from WT or MEK1DD mice. These macrophages were pretreated with rigosertib and then induced with LPS or poly I:C. Results Rigosertib suppressed LPS or poly I:C‐induced expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [TNF‐α] and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], and IL‐23) in WT bone marrow–derived macrophages while failed to affect the upregulation of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in LPS‐treated bone marrow–derived macrophages from MEK1DD mice. Rigosertib promoted survival rate, ameliorated lung injury, and reduced inflammatory cytokine levels in serum of WT septic mice. Conclusion In contrast, the effects of rigosertib on sepsis were abrogated in septic MEK1DD mice, which had inducible constitutive activation of MEK1 signaling. Rigosertib alleviated LPS‐induced sepsis inhibits MEK1/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donghui Jiang
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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164
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When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115911. [PMID: 34072862 PMCID: PMC8199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
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165
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Tung SY, Lee KC, Lee KF, Yang YL, Huang WS, Lee LY, Chen WP, Chen CC, Teng CC, Shen CH, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Sheen JM, Kuo HC. Apoptotic mechanisms of gastric cancer cells induced by isolated erinacine S through epigenetic histone H3 methylation of FasL and TRAIL. Food Funct 2021; 12:3455-3468. [PMID: 33900313 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erinacine S, the new bioactive diterpenoid compound isolated from the ethanol extract of the mycelia of Hericium erinaceus, displays great health-promoting properties. However, the effects of erinacine S on inductive apoptosis in cancer cells such as gastric cancer and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our results demonstrated that erinacine S treatment significantly induces cell apoptosis with increased ROS production in gastric cancer cells, but not in normal cells. Significantly, erinacine S also showed its inhibitory effects on tumor growth in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that erinacine S treatment significantly increases the FasL and TRAIL protein, whereas it decreases the levels of PCNA and cyclin D1 in the gastric cancer xenograft mice. Consistently, in AGS cells, erinacine S treatment not only triggers the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways (TRAIL, Fas-L and caspase-8, -9, -3), but it also suppresses the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL in a time-dependent manner. In addition, erinacine S also causes cell cycle G1 arrest by the inactivation of CDKs/cyclins. Moreover, our data revealed that activation of the ROS-derived and AKT/FAK/PAK1 pathways is involved in the erinacine S-mediated transcriptional activation of Fas-L and TRAIL through H3K4 trimethylation on their promoters. Together, this study sheds light on the anticancer effects of erinacine S on gastric cancer and its molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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166
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Zhou H, Fang Q, Li N, Yu M, Chen H, Guo S. ASMq protects against early burn wound progression in rats by alleviating oxidative stress and secondary mitochondria‑associated apoptosis via the Erk/p90RSK/Bad pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:390. [PMID: 33760179 PMCID: PMC8008225 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds present an evolutionary progression, in which the initial wound tissue deepens and expands following thermal injury. Progressive tissue damage in the zone of stasis may worsen burn injury, which is associated with oxidative stress and secondary apoptosis, and worsen the prognosis of patients with burn wounds. The mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in receiving oxidative signals and regulating tissue apoptosis. Previously, Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), a natural compound of traditional Uyghur Medicine, which includes ten types of herb, has been reported to exhibit a number of effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-apoptotic activities. The present study demonstrated that ASMq protected against early burn wound progression following thermal injury in rats; this effect may be mediated by its ability to attenuate oxidative stress-induced mitochondria-associated apoptosis. The present study may provide a novel therapeutic method to prevent early burn wound progression following burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlei Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Quan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Meirong Yu
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hongming Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, International Medical Center of The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Songxue Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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du Plessis M, Davis T, Loos B, Pretorius E, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. Molecular regulation of autophagy in a pro-inflammatory tumour microenvironment: New insight into the role of serum amyloid A. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:71-83. [PMID: 33727011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, systemic or local, plays a vital role in tumour progression and metastasis. Dysregulation of key physiological processes such as autophagy elicit unfavourable immune responses to induce chronic inflammation. Cytokines, growth factors and acute phase proteins present in the tumour microenvironment regulate inflammatory responses and alter crosstalk between various signalling pathways involved in the progression of cancer. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a key acute phase protein secreted by the liver during the acute phase response (APR) following infection or injury. However, cancer and cancer-associated cells produce SAA, which when present in high levels in the tumour microenvironment contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. SAA can activate several signalling pathways such as the PI3K and MAPK pathways, which are also known modulators of the intracellular degradation process, autophagy. Autophagy can be regarded as having a double edged sword effect in cancer. Its dysregulation can induce malignant transformation through metabolic stress which manifests as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and DNA damage. On the other hand, autophagy can promote cancer survival during metabolic stress, hypoxia and senescence. Autophagy has been utilised to promote the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents and can either be inhibited or induced to improve treatment outcomes. This review aims to address the known mechanisms that regulate autophagy as well as illustrating the role of SAA in modulating these pathways and its clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - T Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - E Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W J S de Villiers
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
| | - A M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
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168
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Nájera CA, Batista MF, Meneghelli I, Bahia D. Mixed signals - how Trypanosoma cruzi exploits host-cell communication and signaling to establish infection. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:134/5/jcs255687. [PMID: 33692153 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is a 'neglected' pathology that affects millions of people worldwide, mainly in Latin America. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent, is an obligate intracellular parasite with a complex and diverse biology that infects several mammalian species, including humans. Because of genetic variability among strains and the presence of four biochemically and morphologically distinct parasite forms, the outcome of T. cruzi infection varies considerably depending on host cell type and parasite strain. During the initial contact, cellular communication is established by host-recognition-mediated responses, followed by parasite adherence and penetration. For this purpose, T. cruzi expresses a variety of proteins that modify the host cell, enabling it to safely reach the cytoplasm. After entry into the host cell, T. cruzi forms a transitory structure termed 'parasitophorous vacuole' (PV), followed by its cytoplasmic replication and differentiation after PV rupture, and subsequent invasion of other cells. The success of infection, maintenance and survival inside host cells is facilitated by the ability of T. cruzi to subvert various host signaling mechanisms. We focus in this Review on the various mechanisms that induce host cytoskeletal rearrangements, activation of autophagy-related proteins and crosstalk among major immune response regulators, as well as recent studies on the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Acides Nájera
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Marina Ferreira Batista
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Isabela Meneghelli
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
| | - Diana Bahia
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 486, Brazil
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Piezo1 channel activation in response to mechanobiological acoustic radiation force in osteoblastic cells. Bone Res 2021; 9:16. [PMID: 33692342 PMCID: PMC7946898 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiological stimuli, such as low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), have been shown to promote bone regeneration and fresh fracture repair, but the fundamental biophysical mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we propose that a mechanosensitive ion channel of Piezo1 plays a pivotal role in the noninvasive ultrasound-induced mechanical transduction pathway to trigger downstream cellular signal processes. This study aims to investigate the expression and role of Piezo1 in MC3T3-E1 cells after LIPUS treatment. Immunofluorescence analysis shows that Piezo1 was present on MC3T3-E1 cells and could be ablated by shRNA transfection. MC3T3-E1 cell migration and proliferation were significantly increased by LIPUS stimulation, and knockdown of Piezo1 restricted the increase in cell migration and proliferation. After labeling with Fluo-8, MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited fluorescence intensity traces with several high peaks compared with the baseline during LIPUS stimulation. No obvious change in the fluorescence intensity tendency was observed after LIPUS stimulation in shRNA-Piezo1 cells, which was similar to the results in the GsMTx4-treated group. The phosphorylation ratio of ERK1/2 in MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly increased (P < 0.01) after LIPUS stimulation. In addition, Phalloidin-iFluor-labeled F-actin filaments immediately accumulated in the perinuclear region after LIPUS stimulation, continued for 5 min, and then returned to their initial levels at 30 min. These results suggest that Piezo1 can transduce LIPUS-induced mechanical signals into intracellular calcium. The influx of Ca2+ serves as a second messenger to activate ERK1/2 phosphorylation and perinuclear F-actin filament polymerization, which regulate the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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170
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Sakai H, Shiina I, Shinomiya T, Nagahara Y. BRAP2 inhibits the Ras/Raf/MEK and PI3K/Akt pathways in leukemia cells, thereby inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:463. [PMID: 33747195 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1)-associated protein 2 (BRAP2) is a novel protein that binds to BRCA1 and is located in the cytoplasm. BRAP2 has been demonstrated to bind to regulators of the Ras-Raf-MEK and PI3K/Akt pathways, both of which are involved in carcinogenesis. This suggests that BRAP2 may be capable of regulating both pathways. In the present study, the role of BRAP2 in both pathways was clarified during apoptosis and cell proliferation in a leukemia cell line. A BRAP2-deficient leukemia cell line was generated using CRISPR/Cas9, the BRAP2-deficient and parental cells were treated with a Ras, pan-Raf or PI3K inhibitor, and the changes in signal transduction, apoptosis and cell proliferation were evaluated. BRAP2 knockout attenuated the inhibition of signal transduction of the Ras-Raf-MEK and PI3K/Akt pathways by the Ras, pan-Raf or PI3K inhibitor. BRAP2 deletion also suppressed the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the Ras and pan-Raf inhibitors. However, the loss of BRAP2 did not suppress the cytotoxicity of the PI3K inhibitor but did suppress the PI3K inhibitor-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. The present results indicated that BRAP2 induces apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation via regulating the Ras-Raf-MEK and PI3K/Akt pathways. In leukemia cells, because the Ras-Raf-MEK and PI3K/Akt pathways are activated aberrantly, the simultaneous inhibition of both pathways is desired. The current results indicated that enhancement of the function of BRAP2 may represent a new target in leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroharu Sakai
- Division of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shinomiya
- Division of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Nagahara
- Division of Materials and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0394, Japan
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171
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Li T, Xiu Q, Wang J, Duan Y, Zhou M. A Putative MAPK Kinase Kinase Gene Ssos4 is Involved in Mycelial Growth, Virulence, Osmotic Adaptation, and Sensitivity to Fludioxonil and is Essential for SsHog1 Phosphorylation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:521-530. [PMID: 33044134 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-20-0292-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, comprising a two-component system and the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, plays a pivotal role in eukaryotic organisms. Previous studies suggested that the biological functions of some key genes in the HOG pathway varied in filamentous fungi. In this study, we characterized a putative MAPK kinase kinase gene, Ssos4, in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which encoded a phosphotransferase in the MAPK cascade. Compared with the wild-type progenitor HA61, the deletion mutant ∆Ssos4-63 exhibited impaired mycelial growth, sclerotia formation, increased hyphal branches, and decreased virulence. The deficiencies of the deletion mutant ∆Ssos4-63 were recovered when the full-length Ssos4 gene was complemented. Deletion of Ssos4 increased the sensitivity to osmotic stresses and cell wall agents and the resistance to fludioxonil and dimethachlon. Intracellular glycerol accumulation was not induced in the deletion mutant ∆Ssos4-63 when treated with fludioxonil and NaCl and the phosphorylation of SsHog1 was also cancelled by the deletion of Ssos4. Consistent with the glycerol accumulation and increased expression levels of SsglpA and Ssfps1, controlling glycerol synthesis and close of glycerol channel under hyperosmotic stress, respectively, were detected in the wild-type strain HA61 but not in the deletion mutant ∆Ssos4-63. Moreover, the relative expression level of Sshog1 significantly decreased, whereas the expression level of Ssos5 increased in the deletion mutant ∆Ssos4-63. These results indicated that Ssos4 played important roles in mycelial growth and differentiation, sclerotia formation, virulence, hyperosmotic adaptation, fungicide sensitivity, and the phosphorylation of SsHog1 in S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Xiu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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172
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Bernard BJ, Nigam N, Burkitt K, Saloura V. SMYD3: a regulator of epigenetic and signaling pathways in cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:45. [PMID: 33637115 PMCID: PMC7912509 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin modifiers and their implications in oncogenesis have been an exciting area of cancer research. These are enzymes that modify chromatin via post-translational modifications such as methylation, acetylation, sumoylation, phosphorylation, in addition to others. Depending on the modification, chromatin modifiers can either promote or repress transcription. SET and MYN-domain containing 3 (SMYD3) is a chromatin modifier that has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancer types. It was first reported to tri-methylate Histone 3 Lysine 4 (H3K4), a methylation mark known to promote transcription. However, since this discovery, other histone (H4K5 and H4K20, for example) and non-histone (VEGFR, HER2, MAP3K2, ER, and others) substrates of SMYD3 have been described, primarily in the context of cancer. This review aims to provide a background on basic characteristics of SMYD3, such as its protein structure and tissue expression profiles, discuss reported histone and non-histone substrates of SMYD3, and underscore prognostic and functional implications of SMYD3 in cancer. Finally, we briefly discuss ongoing efforts to develop inhibitors of SMYD3 for future therapeutic use. It is our hope that this review will help synthesize existing research on SMYD3 in an effort to propel future discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bernard
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Nupur Nigam
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | | | - Vassiliki Saloura
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 41 Medlars Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA.
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Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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174
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Wang P, Huang L, Yang W, Liu Q, Li F, Wang C. Deoxynivalenol Induces Inflammation in the Small Intestine of Weaned Rabbits by Activating Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:632599. [PMID: 33604367 PMCID: PMC7884333 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.632599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) can activate related signaling pathways and induce gastrointestinal disorders. Based on the results of previous studies, this study tried to explore the relationship between DON-induced intestinal inflammation of weaned rabbits and the ERK-p38 signaling pathway. Forty-five weaned rabbits were divided into three treatments: control, LD and HD group. All rabbits were treated with diet containing a same nutrient content, but animals in the LD and HD groups were additionally administered DON via drinking water at 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg b.w./d, respectively. The protocol consisted of a total feeding period of 31 days, including a pre-feeding period of 7 days. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were applied for analysis the expression of protein and mRNA of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR), and hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of rabbits, as well as the distribution of positive reactants. The results proved that DON intake could enhance the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and damage the intestinal structure barrier of rabbits. Meanwhile, DON addition can stimulate the protein and mRNA expression for ERK, p38, PKR, and Hck in the intestine of rabbits, especially in the duodenum, as well as expand the distribution of positive reactants, in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Libo Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Abstract
Obesity, which has long since reached epidemic proportions worldwide, is associated with long-term stress to a variety of organs and results in diseases including type 2 diabetes. In the brain, overnutrition induces hypothalamic stress associated with the activation of several signalling pathways, together with central insulin and leptin resistance. This central action of nutrient overload appears very rapidly, suggesting that nutrition-induced hypothalamic stress is a major upstream initiator of obesity and associated diseases. The cellular response to nutrient overload includes the activation of the stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3, which are widely expressed in the brain. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation and effects of these kinases, with particular focus on the hypothalamus, a key brain region in the control of energy and glucose homeostasis. JNK1 blocks the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, reducing energy expenditure and promoting obesity. Recently, opposing roles have been identified for JNK1 and JNK3 in hypothalamic agouti gene-related protein (AgRP) neurons: while JNK1 activation in AgRP neurons induces feeding and weight gain and impairs insulin and leptin signalling, JNK3 (also known as MAPK10) deletion in the same neuronal population produces very similar effects. The opposing roles of these kinases, and the unknown role of hypothalamic JNK2, reflect the complexity of JNK biology. Future studies should address the specific function of each kinase, not only in different neuronal subsets, but also in non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system. Decoding the puzzle of brain stress kinases will help to define the central stimuli and mechanisms implicated in the control of energy balance. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Department of Myocardial Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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176
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Yang M, Barrios J, Yan J, Zhao W, Yuan S, Dong E, Ai X. Causal roles of stress kinase JNK2 in DNA methylation and binge alcohol withdrawal-evoked behavioral deficits. Pharmacol Res 2021; 164:105375. [PMID: 33316384 PMCID: PMC7867628 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive binge alcohol intake is a common drinking pattern in humans, especially during holidays. Cessation of the binge drinking often leads to aberrant withdrawal behaviors, as well as serious heart rhythm abnormalities (clinically diagnosed as Holiday Heart Syndrome (HHS)). In our HHS mouse model with well-characterized binge alcohol withdrawal (BAW)-induced heart phenotypes, BAW leads to anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. We have previously reported that stress-activated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) plays a causal role in BAW-induced heart phenotypes. In the HHS brain, we found that activation of JNK2 (but not JNK1 and JNK3) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but not hippocampus and amygdala, led to anxiety-like behaviors and impaired cognition. DNA methylation mediated by a crucial DNA methylation enzyme, DNA methyltransferase1 (DNMT1), is known to be critical in alcohol-associated behavioral deficits. In HHS mice, JNK2 in the PFC (but not hippocampus and amygdala) causally enhanced total genomic DNA methylation via increased DNMT1 expression, which was regulated by enhanced binding of JNK downstream transcriptional factor c-JUN to the DNMT1 promoter. JNK2-specific inhibition either by an inhibitor JNK2I or JNK2 knockout completely offset c-JUN-regulated DNMT1 upregulation and restored the level of DNA methylation in HHS PFC to the baseline levels seen in sham controls. Strikingly, either JNK2-specific inhibition or genetic JNK2 depletion or DNMT1 inhibition (by an inhibitor 5-Azacytidine) completely abolished BAW-evoked behavioral deficits. In conclusion, our studies revealed a novel mechanism by which JNK2 drives BAW-evoked behavioral deficits through a DNMT1-regulated DNA hypermethylation. JNK2 could be a novel therapeutic target for alcohol withdrawal treatment and/or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jasson Barrios
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jiajie Yan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Erbo Dong
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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177
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Jin YJ, Ji Y, Jang YP, Choung SY. Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala Inhibits Skin Photoaging via Regulating MAPK/AP-1, NF-κB, and TGFβ/Smad Signaling in UVB-Irradiated Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030662. [PMID: 33513930 PMCID: PMC7865648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin, the organ protecting the human body from external factors, maintains structural and tensile strength by containing many collagen fibrils, particularly type I procollagen. However, oxidative stress by ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes skin photoaging by activating collagen degradation and inhibiting collagen synthesis. Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala extract (AGE) is a herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, but there is no report on the protective effect against skin photoaging. Therefore, we conducted research concentrating on the anti-photoaging effect of Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (AG) in UVB (20 mJ/cm2)-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Then, various concentrations (7.5, 15, 30 µg/mL) of AGE were treated in HDF for 24 h following UVB irradiation. After we performed AGE treatment, the matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP1) expression was downregulated, and the type I procollagen level was recovered. Then, we investigated the mitogen-activated protein kinases/activator protein 1 (MAPK/AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, which induce collagen breakdown by promoting the MMP1 level and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results indicated that AGE downregulates the expression of the MAPK/AP-1 pathway, leading to MMP1 reduction. AGE inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-κB and inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) degradation. Therefore, it downregulates the expression of MMP1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased by UVB. Besides, the TGFβ/Smad pathway, which is mainly responsible for the collagen synthesis in the skin, was also analyzed. AGE decreases the expression of Smad7 and increases TGFβRII expression and Smad3 phosphorylation. This means that AGE stimulates the TGFβ/Smad pathway that plays a critical role in promoting collagen synthesis. Thus, this study suggests that AGE can be a functional material with anti-photoaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Jin
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.J.); (Y.-P.J.)
| | - Yura Ji
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.J.); (Y.-P.J.)
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.J.); (Y.-P.J.)
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Se-Young Choung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.J.); (Y.-P.J.)
- Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence:
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178
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Brucein D modulates MAPK signaling cascade to exert multi-faceted anti-neoplastic actions against breast cancer cells. Biochimie 2021; 182:140-151. [PMID: 33484785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a prominent type of malignancy among women with a high rate of mortality. A number of previous studies have demonstrated the anticancer potential of brucein D (BD), a quassinoid extracted from Brucea javanica, against the cancers of the pancreas, bone, and liver. We investigated the impact of BD on apoptotic as well on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades in breast cancer cells. The effect of BD on p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways and its downstream functions was deciphered in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. We noted that BD decreased the viability of breast cancer cells without affecting the growth of healthy mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that BD can increase sub-G1 cells and enhanced annexin-V-PI stained cells. The apoptogenic impact of BD was further substantiated by cleavage of procaspase-3/8 and downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL, XIAP, and survivin). Furthermore, BD also downmodulated the migratory ability, and chemokine triggered invasion of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, the pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK kinases abrogated the observed anticancer actions of BD. Overall, the data indicated that BD can induce substantial apoptosis and interfere with cellular invasion by modulating MAPK signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.
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179
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Alam MM, Kariya R, Boonnate P, Kawaguchi A, Okada S. Induction of apoptosis by Shikonin through ROS-mediated intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in primary effusion lymphoma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101006. [PMID: 33401054 PMCID: PMC7785961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin (SHK) induced apoptosis in Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). SHK treatment rabidly generated ROS and activated JNK and p38. SHK inhibited ascites formation in xenograft mice.
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and novel biology-based treatments are urgently needed in clinical settings. Shikonin (SHK), a napthoquinone derivative, has been used for the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we report that SHK is an effective agent for the treatment of PEL. Treatment with SHK results in significant reduction of proliferation in PEL cells and their rapid apoptosis in vitro. SHK-induced apoptosis of PEL cells is accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), an activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, as well as caspase-3, -8, and -9. Scavenging of ROS in the presence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) almost blocks the loss of mitochondrial membrane Δψm, activation of JNK, cleavage of caspase-3, -9, and an induction of apoptosis in SHK treated PEL cells. SP600125, a specific inhibitor of JNK, also rescues a proportion of cells from the apoptotic effect of SHK. In addition, inhibition of caspase activation in the presence of pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, blocks the SHK-inducing apoptosis, but doesn't completely inhibit SHK-mediated JNK activation. Therefore, ROS is an upstream trigger of SHK-induced caspase dependent apoptosis of PEL cells through disruption of mitochondrial membrane Δψm in an intrinsic pathway and an activation of JNK in an extrinsic pathway. In a PEL xenografted mouse model, SHK treatment suppresses PEL-mediated ascites formation without showing any significant adverse toxicity. These results suggested that SHK could be a potent anti-tumor agent for the treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Alam
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Piyanard Boonnate
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawaguchi
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1, Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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180
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Zhang H, Guo Q, Liang Z, Wang M, Wang B, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GI, Wang J, Ma C, Kang W. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Chaetoglobosin Vb in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells: Achieved via the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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181
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Park HC, Park BO, Kim HS, Kim SH, Lee SW, Chung WS. AtMPK6-induced phosphorylation of AtERF72 enhances its DNA binding activity and interaction with TGA4/OBF4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:11-20. [PMID: 33073469 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene-responsive element binding factor (ERF) family is a large family of transcription factors involved in plant development and environmental stress responses. We previously reported the identification of 29 putative substrates of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase3 (AtMPK3), AtMPK4 and AtMPK6, based on a solid-phase phosphorylation screening using a lambda phage expression library in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, a putative MPK substrate, AtERF72 (At3g16770), was strongly phosphorylated by AtMPK6 on the serine residue at position 151 (Ser151). AtERF72 binds to the GCC box (AGCCGCC) in the promoters of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and activates their transcription. We also show that the DNA-binding activity of AtERF72 is enhanced upon phosphorylation by AtMPK6 in vitro. In addition, transient co-expression experiments in Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that effector constructs expressing a mutant variant of AtERF72, AtERF72S151D (carrying a Ser to aspartic acid [Asp] substitution at amino acid position 151) showed higher expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the GCC box element than effector constructs expressing the wild-type AtERF72. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that the interaction between AtERF72S151D and TGA4/OBF4 was stronger than that between wild-type AtERF72 and TGA4/OBF4. Since AtERF72S151D is equivalent to AtERF72 phosphorylated by AtMPK6 at Ser151, these results suggest that the phosphorylation of AtERF72 by AtMPK6 triggers an event of transcriptional regulation from defence signalling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Park
- Team of Vulnerable Ecological Research, Division of Climate and Ecology, Bureau of Conservation & Assessment Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - B O Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science & Technology, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - W S Chung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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182
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Hepp Rehfeldt SC, Majolo F, Goettert MI, Laufer S. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Leads for New Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9677. [PMID: 33352989 PMCID: PMC7765872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is becoming more prevalent as the population lives longer. For individuals over 60 years of age, the prevalence of AD is estimated at 40.19% across the world. Regarding the cognitive decline caused by the disease, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway are involved in the progressive loss of neurons and synapses, brain atrophy, and augmentation of the brain ventricles, being activated by synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. Nowadays, AD symptoms are manageable, but the disease itself remains incurable, thus the inhibition of JNK3 has been explored as a possible therapeutic target, considering that JNK is best known for its involvement in propagating pro-apoptotic signals. This review aims to present biological aspects of JNK, focusing on JNK3 and how it relates to AD. It was also explored the recent development of inhibitors that could be used in AD treatment since several drugs/compounds in phase III clinical trials failed. General aspects of the MAPK family, therapeutic targets, and experimental treatment in models are described and discussed throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cristine Hepp Rehfeldt
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Majolo
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre CEP 90619-900, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari (Univates), Lajeado CEP 95914-014, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; (S.C.H.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tuebingen, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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183
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Jamalzadeh S, Pujari AN, Cullen PJ. A Rab escort protein regulates the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth in yeast. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22184. [PMID: 33335117 PMCID: PMC7746766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MAPK pathways regulate different responses yet can share common components. Although core regulators of MAPK pathways are well known, new pathway regulators continue to be identified. Overexpression screens can uncover new roles for genes in biological processes and are well suited to identify essential genes that cannot be evaluated by gene deletion analysis. In this study, a genome-wide screen was performed to identify genes that, when overexpressed, induce a reporter (FUS1-HIS3) that responds to ERK-type pathways (Mating and filamentous growth or fMAPK) but not p38-type pathways (HOG) in yeast. Approximately 4500 plasmids overexpressing individual yeast genes were introduced into strains containing the reporter by high-throughput transformation. Candidate genes were identified by measuring growth as a readout of reporter activity. Fourteen genes were identified and validated by re-testing: two were metabolic controls (HIS3, ATR1), five had established roles in regulating ERK-type pathways (STE4, STE7, BMH1, BMH2, MIG2) and seven represent potentially new regulators of MAPK signaling (RRN6, CIN5, MRS6, KAR2, TFA1, RSC3, RGT2). MRS6 encodes a Rab escort protein and effector of the TOR pathway that plays a role in nutrient signaling. MRS6 overexpression stimulated invasive growth and phosphorylation of the ERK-type fMAPK, Kss1. Overexpression of MRS6 reduced the osmotolerance of cells and phosphorylation of the p38/HOG MAPK, Hog1. Mrs6 interacted with the PAK kinase Ste20 and MAPKK Ste7 by two-hybrid analysis. Based on these results, Mrs6 may selectively propagate an ERK-dependent signal. Identifying new regulators of MAPK pathways may provide new insights into signal integration among core cellular processes and the execution of pathway-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Jamalzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Atindra N Pujari
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 532 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1300, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, 532 Cooke Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260-1300, USA.
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Wang J, Wang H, Zhang M, Li X, Zhao Y, Chen G, Si J, Jiang L. Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen and their cytotoxic activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 180:112531. [PMID: 33010535 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed sesquiterpene coumarins, one undescribed coumarin derivative, and twenty-five known analogues, were isolated from the resin of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M.Shen. The planar structures and relative configurations of the undescribed compounds were determined by NMR experiment and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were established by Electrostatic Circular Dichroism method. Among these analogues, Sinkiangenol E showed the best cytotoxic activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining indicated that Sinkiangenol E induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Cell cycle analysis showed Sinkiangenol E arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Western blot results proved that Sinkiangenol E affected apoptosis-related and cell cycle regulation-related protein expression by activating the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Xinjian Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Yaqin Zhao
- Xinjian Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Xinjian Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethical Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830002, China
| | - Jianyong Si
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Lin Jiang
- Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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185
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Ma M, Bordignon P, Dotto GP, Pelet S. Visualizing cellular heterogeneity by quantifying the dynamics of MAPK activity in live mammalian cells with synthetic fluorescent biosensors. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05574. [PMID: 33319088 PMCID: PMC7723811 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) control a wide array of cellular functions by transducing extracellular information into defined biological responses. In order to understand how these pathways are regulated, dynamic single cell measurements are highly needed. Fluorescence microscopy is well suited to perform these measurements. However, more dynamic and sensitive biosensors that allow the quantification of signaling activity in living mammalian cells are required. We have engineered a synthetic fluorescent substrate for human MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) that relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm when phosphorylated by the kinases. We demonstrate that this reporter displays an improved response compared to other relocation biosensors. This assay allows to monitor the heterogeneity in the MAPK response in a population of isogenic cells, revealing pulses of ERK activity upon a physiological EGFR stimulation. We show applicability of this approach to the analysis of multiple cancer cell lines and primary cells as well as its application in vivo to developing tumors. Using this ERK biosensor, dynamic single cell measurements with high temporal resolution can be obtained. These MAPK reporters can be widely applied to the analysis of molecular mechanisms of MAPK signaling in healthy and diseased state, in cell culture assays or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ma
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Pelet
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
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186
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Li X, Xiao J, Li K, Zhou Y. MiR-199-3p modulates the onset of puberty in rodents probably by regulating the expression of Kiss1 via the p38 MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110994. [PMID: 32818586 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Kiss1 gene plays an indispensable role in modulating the onset of puberty and fertility in mammals. Although an increasing number of genetic and environmental factors that influence reproduction through Kiss1 have been identified, the function of microRNAs, a class of posttranscriptional regulators, in regulating Kiss1 expression remains poorly understood. This study aimed at investigating the mechanism by which Kiss1 expression is regulated by microRNAs. A simplified miRNome screen by a dual-fluorescence reporter system based on Kiss1 was performed to identify microRNAs that affect the expression of Kiss1. The expression patterns of the identified microRNAs during the period of murine sexual development were investigated, and only miR-199-3p was studied further. Aided by bioinformatics algorithms, miR-199-3p was demonstrated to be a repressor of Kiss1 expression, as it blocked the expression of Kiss1 through the p38 MAPK pathway by simultaneously inhibiting several targets in both GT1-7 cells and primary hypothalamic neurons. Both the inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway by the intracerebroventricular administration of chemical agents in rats and the ectopic expression of miR-199-3p by lentivirus injection in the hypothalamus in mice delayed puberty onset and gonad development. Our results presented a novel regulatory mechanism of puberty onset which the sustained downregulation of miR-199-3p might gradually release the inhibition of the p38 MAPK/Fos/CREB/Kiss1 pathway during puberty development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Li
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
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187
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Teng CC, Tung SY, Lee KC, Lee KF, Huang WS, Shen CH, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Sheen JM, Kuo HC. Novel regulator role of CIL-102 in the epigenetic modification of TNFR1/TRAIL to induce cell apoptosis in human gastric cancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111856. [PMID: 33246054 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CIL-102 (1-[4-(furo [2,3-b]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone) is a major active agent and an alkaloid derivative of Camptotheca acuminata, which has valuable biological properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity. However, the molecular mechanisms of CIL-102 related to inductive apoptosis in human gastric cancer remain unclear. By using diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), annexin-V-fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide staining and a 2',7' -dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), a Fluo-3 fluorescence staining assay, the cell death and cell viability in gastric cancer cells and an in vivo xenograft mouse model, with or without the addition of CIL-102, were measured, respectively. Furthermore, signaling pathways and apoptotic molecules were also detected by western blots and an immunohistochemical assay. Our results demonstrated that CIL-102 treatment significantly induced the cell apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, along with increased ROS production and increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. In addition, through the inactivation of CDK1/cyclin B1, CIL-102 treatment induced the cell cycle G2/M arrest of gastric cancer cells. Moreover, our data revealed that multiple signaling pathways were involved in the H3K4 trimethylation of TNFR1 and TRAIL proteins by CIL-102, including ROS-derived and JNK/mTOR/p300 pathways in gastric cancer AGS cells. The CIL-102 treatment also consistently inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL assay in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the upregulation of the TNFR1 and TRAIL proteins and the downregulation of PCNA and CDK1 proteins were found in the CIL-102-treated gastric cancer xenograft mouse model, compared to that of the saline control. Together, this study sheds light on the novel mechanism associated with CIL-102 for inducing gastric cancer apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Information Management & College of Liberal Education, Shu-Te University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Huang
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Hsieh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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188
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Scheiblecker L, Kollmann K, Sexl V. CDK4/6 and MAPK-Crosstalk as Opportunity for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E418. [PMID: 33255177 PMCID: PMC7760252 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of targeted therapies and novel inhibitors, cancer remains an undefeated disease. Resistance mechanisms arise quickly and alternative treatment options are urgently required, which may be partially met by drug combinations. Protein kinases as signaling switchboards are frequently deregulated in cancer and signify vulnerable nodes and potential therapeutic targets. We here focus on the cell cycle kinase CDK6 and on the MAPK pathway and on their interplay. We also provide an overview on clinical studies examining the effects of combinational treatments currently explored for several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (L.S.); (K.K.)
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189
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Zhang J, Liu Z, Li Y, You Q, Yang J, Jin Y, Zou G, Tang J, Ge Z, Liu Y. FGF2: a key regulator augmenting tendon-to-bone healing and cartilage repair. Regen Med 2020; 15:2129-2142. [PMID: 33201773 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligament/tendon and cartilage injuries are clinically common diseases that perplex most clinicians. Because of the lack of blood vessels and nerves, their self-repairing abilities are rather poor. Therefore, surgeries are necessary and also widely used to treat ligament/tendon or cartilage injuries. However, after surgery, there are still many problems that affect healing. In recent years, it has been found that exogenous FGF2 plays an important role in the repair of ligament/tendon and cartilage injuries and exerts a synergistic effect with endogenous FGF2. Therefore, FGF2 can be used as a new type of biomolecule to accelerate tendon-to-bone healing and cartilage repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Peking University Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuwan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qi You
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jibin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Zhen Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
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190
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Zhou H, Simion V, Pierce JB, Haemmig S, Chen AF, Feinberg MW. LncRNA-MAP3K4 regulates vascular inflammation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway and cis-modulation of MAP3K4. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21133. [PMID: 33184917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001654rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic vascular inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as essential inflammation regulators. We identify a novel lncRNA termed lncRNA-MAP3K4 that is enriched in the vessel wall and regulates vascular inflammation. In the aortic intima, lncRNA-MAP3K4 expression was reduced by 50% during the progression of atherosclerosis (chronic inflammation) and 70% during endotoxemia (acute inflammation). lncRNA-MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of key inflammatory factors (eg, ICAM-1, E-selectin, MCP-1) in endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells and decreased monocytes adhesion to endothelium, as well as reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, COX2 expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, lncRNA-MAP3K4 regulates inflammation through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. lncRNA-MAP3K4 shares a bidirectional promoter with MAP3K4, an upstream regulator of the MAPK signaling pathway, and regulates its transcription in cis. lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 show coordinated expression in response to inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Similar to lncRNA-MAP3K4, MAP3K4 knockdown reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in several different vascular cells. Furthermore, lncRNA-MAP3K4 and MAP3K4 knockdown showed cooperativity in reducing inflammation in endothelial cells. Collectively, these findings unveil the role of a novel lncRNA in vascular inflammation by cis-regulating MAP3K4 via a p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob B Pierce
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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191
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Cui Y, Liu KWK, Ip MSM, Liang Y, Mak JCW. Protective effect of selegiline on cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat lungs in vivo. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1418. [PMID: 33313163 PMCID: PMC7723576 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced build-up of oxidative stress is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are novel sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, it remains unclear whether MAO signaling is involved in CS-induced oxidative stress in vivo. This study aimed at investigating the impact of selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, on CS-induced lung oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and its underlying mechanism. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: saline plus sham air (Saline/air), saline plus cigarette smoke (Saline/CS), selegiline plus sham air (Slg/air) and selegiline plus cigarette smoke (Slg/CS). Rats from Saline/air and Saline/CS groups were intraperitoneally injected with saline (2 mL/kg body weight) while rats from Slg/air and Slg/CS groups were injected with selegiline (2 mg/kg body weight) about 30 min prior to exposure daily. The Saline/air and Slg/air groups were exposed to atmospheric air while the Saline/CS and Slg/CS groups were exposed to mainstream CS generated from the whole body inExpose smoking system (SCIREQ, Canada) for twice daily (each for 1 hour with 20 cigarettes). After 7 days, rats were sacrificed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissues for the measurement of oxidative/anti-oxidative and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory makers respectively. Results CS caused significant elevation of MAO-B activity, reduction of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and rGSH/GSSG ratio, and enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat lung. Selegiline significantly only reversed CS-induced elevation of MAO-B activity and reduction of rGSH/GSSG ratio. The CS-induced elevation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) expression via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was also reversed by selegiline. Despite of CS-induced increase in total cell counts, especially the number of macrophages, selegiline had no effect. Selegiline attenuated CS-induced elevation of pro-inflammatory mediators (CINC-1, MCP-1 and IL-6) and restored CS-induced reduction of anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10 in BAL, which was driven through MAPK and NF-κB. Conclusions Inhibition of MAO-B may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for CS-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in acute CS-exposed rat lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Cui
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth W K Liu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingmin Liang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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192
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Shen F, Ge C, Yuan P. Aloe-emodin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells via Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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193
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Dawes ML, Soeller C, Scholpp S. Studying molecular interactions in the intact organism: fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in the living zebrafish embryo. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:507-519. [PMID: 33067656 PMCID: PMC7609432 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell behaviour and function is determined through the interactions of a multitude of molecules working in concert. To observe these molecular dynamics, biophysical studies have been developed that track single interactions. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is an optical biophysical technique that non-invasively resolves single molecules through recording the signal intensity at the femtolitre scale. However, recording the behaviour of these biomolecules using in vitro-based assays often fails to recapitulate the full range of variables in vivo that directly confer dynamics. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in observing the state of these biomolecules within living organisms such as the zebrafish Danio rerio. In this review, we explore the advancements of FCS within the zebrafish and compare and contrast these findings to those found in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dawes
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Christian Soeller
- Living Systems Institute, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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194
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Choi J, Lee DH, Jang H, Park SY, Seol JW. Naringenin exerts anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death and inhibiting angiogenesis in malignant melanoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:3049-3057. [PMID: 33173425 PMCID: PMC7646117 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most deadly skin cancer, due to its aggressive proliferation and metastasis. Naringenin, abundantly present in citrus fruits, has widely studied in cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated whether naringenin also has anticancer effects against B16F10 murine and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells. Moreover, we assessed the effects of naringenin treatment on angiogenesis of HUVECs and ex vivo sprouting of microvessels.Naringenin inhibited tumor cell proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner in B16F10 and SK-MEL-28 cells, which is supported by the results that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK decreased. Furthermore, naringenin induced cell apoptosis. Western blot analysisshowed naringenin treatment significantly upregulated the protein expression of activated cas3 and PARP in B16F10 and SK-MEL-28 cells. In addition, in vitro and ex vivo angiogenesis assays demonstrated that naringenin treatment potently suppressed EC migration, tube formation, and sprouting of microvessels. RT-PCR analysis showed that naringenin treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression of Tie2, but did not inhibit the expression of Ang2. In conclusion, present study demonstrates the anticancer effects of naringenin by its induction of tumor cell death and inhibition of angiogenesis in malignant melanoma, suggesting that naringenin has potential as a safe and effective therapeutic agent to treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawun Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
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195
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Bogucka K, Marini F, Rosigkeit S, Schloeder J, Jonuleit H, David K, Schlackow M, Rajalingam K. ERK3/MAPK6 is required for KRAS-mediated NSCLC tumorigenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:359-374. [PMID: 33070159 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes, especially in lung cancers. Targeting of KRAS directly or the downstream effector signaling machinery is of prime interest in treating lung cancers. Here, we uncover that ERK3, a ubiquitously expressed atypical MAPK, is required for KRAS-mediated NSCLC tumors. ERK3 is highly expressed in lung cancers, and oncogenic KRAS led to the activation and stabilization of the ERK3 protein. In particular, phosphorylation of serine 189 in the activation motif of ERK3 is significantly increased in lung adenocarcinomas in comparison to adjacent normal controls in patients. Loss of ERK3 prevents the anchorage-independent growth of KRAS G12C-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. We further find that loss of ERK3 reduces the oncogenic growth of KRAS G12C-driven NSCLC tumors in vivo and that the kinase activity of ERK3 is required for KRAS-driven oncogenesis in vitro. Our results demonstrate an obligatory role for ERK3 in NSCLC tumor progression and suggest that ERK3 kinase inhibitors can be pursued for treating KRAS G12C-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bogucka
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Janine Schloeder
- Department of Dermatology of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmut Jonuleit
- Department of Dermatology of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany. .,University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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196
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Han L, Ma Q, Yu J, Gong Z, Ma C, Xu Y, Deng G, Wu X. Autophagy plays a protective role during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced apoptosis via ROS-MAPK pathway. Innate Immun 2020; 26:580-591. [PMID: 32878509 PMCID: PMC7556189 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920952156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can induce alveolar macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, which play a vital role in eliminating pathogens. These two processes are usually not independent. Recently, autophagy has been found to interact with apoptosis during pathogen infections. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in P. aeruginosa-infected cell apoptosis is unclear. In this study, we explored the impact of P. aeruginosa infection on autophagy and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. The autophagy activator rapamycin was used to stimulate autophagy and explore the role of autophagy on apoptosis in P. aeruginosa-infected RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that P. aeruginosa infection induced autophagy and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells, and that rapamycin could suppress P. aeruginosa-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, rapamycin scavenged the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished p-JNK, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 expression of MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells infected with P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the promotion of autophagy decreased P. aeruginosa-induced ROS accumulation and further attenuated the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells through MAPK pathway. These results provide novel insights into host-pathogen interactions and highlight a potential role of autophagy in eliminating P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qinmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chenjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Guangcun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in western China, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
- School of Life Science, NingXia University, NingXia, Yinchuan, China
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Liu H, Guo H, Deng H, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Copper induces hepatic inflammatory responses by activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways in the mouse. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110806. [PMID: 32512418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the expressions of signalling molecules and inflammatory cytokines involved in copper-induced inflammatory responses of the mouse liver. A total of 240 institute of cancer research (ICR) mice (half male and half female) aged four weeks were randomly allocated to four groups treated with 0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg of [Cu] (Cu2+-CuSO4) for 42 days, respectively. [Cu] exceeding 4 mg/kg was found to induce inflammatory responses of the liver. Results showed significant up-regulation of mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 3/6 (MEK3/6), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 4/7 (MEK4/7), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 1/2 (MEK1/2), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) due to Cu. By doing so, copper could activate the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway. Concurrently, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway was also activated in the Cu-treatment, as demonstrated by higher expressions of NF-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), contents of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reducing levels of expression of inhibitory kappa B (IκB). High Cu intake also up-regulated expression levels of some pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-8 (IL-8), and down-regulated the levels of expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), an anti-inflammatory mediator. Additionally, our results indicated that Cu caused hepatic dysfunction, with evidence of occurrence of histopathological lesions and higher serum activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartic acid transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), contents of albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (TBIL). Altogether, the aforementioned results indicate that [Cu], at more than 4 mg/kg, induces the inflammatory responses in the liver via NF-κB and MAPKs signalling pathways, subsequently inducing hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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198
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Conditional ablation of MAPK7 expression in chondrocytes impairs endochondral bone formation in limbs and adaptation of chondrocytes to hypoxia. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:103. [PMID: 32944217 PMCID: PMC7488079 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long bones of limbs are formed through endochondral bone formation, which depends on the coordinated development of growth plates. Our previous studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAPK7) can cause skeletal dysplasia. However, little is known about the role of MAPK7 in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes during growth plate development. Results Ablation of MAPK7 expression in chondrocytes led to growth restriction, short limbs and bone mass loss in postnatal mice. Histological studies revealed that MAPK7 deficiency increased the apoptosis and decreased the proliferation of chondrocytes in the center of the proliferative layer, where the most highly hypoxic chondrocytes are located. Accordingly, hypertrophic differentiation markers were downregulated in the central hypertrophic layer, beneath the site where abnormal apoptosis was observed. Simultaneously, we demonstrated that hypoxic adaptation and hypoxia-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF1α) were impaired when MAPK7 could not be activated normally in primary chondrocytes. Concomitantly, vascular invasion into epiphyseal cartilage was inhibited when Mapk7 was deleted. Conclusions We demonstrated that MAPK7 is necessary for maintaining proliferation, survival, and differentiation of chondrocytes during postnatal growth plate development, possibly through modulating HIF1α signaling for adaptation to hypoxia. These results indicate that MAPK7 signaling might be a target for treatment of chondrodysplasia.
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199
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Saha P, Guha S, Biswas SC. P38K and JNK pathways are induced by amyloid-β in astrocyte: Implication of MAPK pathways in astrogliosis in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103551. [PMID: 32896578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocyte activation is one of the crucial hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuron death. Glial scar and factors secreted from activated astrocytes have important contribution on neuronal health in AD. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of astrocyte activation both in in vitro and in vivo models of AD. In this regard, mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades that control several fundamental and stress related cellular events, has been implicated in astrocyte activation in various neurological diseases. We checked activation of different MAPKs by western blot and immunocytochemistry and found that both JNK and p38K, but not ERK pathways are activated in Aβ-treated astrocytes in culture and in Aβ-infused rat brain cortex. Next, to investigate the downstream consequences of these two MAPKs (JNK and p38K) in Aβ-induced astrocyte activation, we individually blocked these pathways by specific inhibitors in presence and absence of Aβ and checked Aβ-induced cellular proliferation, morphological changes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation. We found that activation of both JNK and p38K signalling cascades are involved in astrocyte proliferation evoked by Aβ, whereas only p38K pathway is implicated in morphological changes and GFAP upregulation in astrocytes exposed to Aβ. To further validate the implication of p38K pathway in Aβ-induced astrocyte activation, we also observed that transcription factor ATF2, a downstream phosphorylation substrate of p38, is phosphorylated upon Aβ treatment. Taken together, our study indicates that p38K and JNK pathways mediate astrocyte activation and both the pathways are involved in cellular proliferation but only p38K pathway contributes in morphological changes triggered by Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Saha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Subhalakshmi Guha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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DUSP5 (dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5) suppresses BCG-induced autophagy via ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 126:101-109. [PMID: 32795663 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is considered as an effective strategy for host cells to eliminate intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is an endogenous phosphatase of ERK1/2, and plays an important role in host innate immune responses, its function in autophagy regulation however remains unexplored. In the present study, the function of DUSP5 in autophagy in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-infected RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, was examined by assessing the alteration of the cell morphology, expression of autophagy markers, and ERK1/2 signaling activation. The results demonstrated that the BCG infection could induce DUSP5 expression and activate ERK1/2 signaling in RAW264.7 cells; an activation of ERK1/2 signaling contributed to autophagic process in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, DUSP5 knockdown increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins (Atgs), including LC3-II, Beclin1, Atg5 and Atg7. However, an overexpression of DUSP5 exhibited an opposite effect. Mechanistically, DUSP5 could inhibit the formation of autophagosome by suppressing the phosphorylation of signaling molecules in ERK1/2 signaling cascade. This study thus demonstrated a novel role of DUSP5 in modulating autophagy inRAW264.7 cells in response to BCG infection in particular, and autophagy macrophage to Mtb in general.
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