151
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Patent highlights from December 2017 to January 2018. Pharm Pat Anal 2018; 7:111-119. [PMID: 29676211 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2018-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A snapshot of noteworthy recent developments in the patent literature of relevance to pharmaceutical and medical research and development.
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152
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Ellis E, Moorthy S, Chio WIK, Lee TC. Artificial molecular and nanostructures for advanced nanomachinery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:4075-4090. [PMID: 29484317 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Artificial nanomachines can be broadly defined as manmade molecular and nanosystems that are capable of performing useful tasks, very often, by means of doing mechanical work at the nanoscale. Recent advances in nanoscience allow these tiny machines to be designed and made with unprecedented sophistication and complexity, showing promise in novel applications, including molecular assemblers, self-propelling nanocarriers and in vivo molecular computation. This Feature Article overviews and compares major types of nanoscale machines, including molecular machines, self-assembled nanomachines and hybrid inorganic nanomachines, to reveal common structural features and operating principles across different length scales and material systems. We will focus on systems with feature size between 1 and 100 nm, where classical laws of physics meet those of quantum mechanics, giving rise to a spectrum of exotic physiochemical properties. Concepts of nanomachines will be illustrated by selected seminal work along with state-of-the-art progress, including our own contribution, across the fields. The Article will conclude with a brief outlook of this exciting research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), UK and Institute for Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), UK and Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London (UCL), UK.
| | - Weng-I Katherine Chio
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), UK and Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), UK and Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London (UCL), UK.
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153
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Ran W, Xue X. Theranostical application of nanomedicine for treating central nervous system disorders. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:392-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9292-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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154
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Liu Y, Ge D, Cong J, Piao HG, Huang X, Xu Y, Lu G, Pan L, Liu M. Magnetically Powered Annelid-Worm-Like Microswimmers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704546. [PMID: 29611296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A bioinspired magnetically powered microswimmer is designed and experimentally demonstrated by mimicking the morphology of annelid worms. The structural parameters of the microswimmer, such as the surface wrinkling, can be controlled by applying prestrain on substrate for the precise fabrication and consistent performance of the microswimmers. The resulting annelid-worm-like microswimmers display efficient propulsion under an oscillating magnetic field, reaching a peak speed of ≈100 µm s-1 . The speed and directionality of the microswimmer can be readily controlled by changing the parameters of the field inputs. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the microswimmers are able to transport microparticles toward a predefined destination, although the translation velocity is inevitably reduced due to the additional hydrodynamic resistance of the microparticles. These annelid-worm-like microswimmers have excellent mobility, good maneuverability, and strong transport capacity, and they hold considerable promise for diverse biomedical, chemical sensing, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Dongqing Ge
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Jiawei Cong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Hong-Guang Piao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Xiufeng Huang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Yunli Xu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Guangduo Lu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Liqing Pan
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
| | - Min Liu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-field Detection & College of Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443002, China
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155
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Leong J, Teo JY, Aakalu VK, Yang YY, Kong H. Engineering Polymersomes for Diagnostics and Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701276. [PMID: 29334183 PMCID: PMC6377267 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered polymer vesicles, termed as polymersomes, confer a flexibility to control their structure, properties, and functionality. Self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers leads to vesicles consisting of a hydrophobic bilayer membrane and hydrophilic core, each of which is loaded with a wide array of small and large molecules of interests. As such, polymersomes are increasingly being studied as carriers of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. Effective delivery of polymersomes necessitates careful design of polymersomes. Therefore, this review article discusses the design strategies of polymersomes developed for enhanced transport and efficacy of imaging probes and therapeutic drugs. In particular, the article focuses on overviewing technologies to regulate the size, structure, shape, surface activity, and stimuli- responsiveness of polymersomes and discussing the extent to which these properties and structure of polymersomes influence the efficacy of cargo molecules. Taken together with future considerations, this article will serve to improve the controllability of polymersome functions and accelerate the use of polymersomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Leong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Jye Yng Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Vinay K. Aakalu
- Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA,
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156
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Angell C, Kai M, Xie S, Dong X, Chen Y. Bioderived DNA Nanomachines for Potential Uses in Biosensing, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701189. [PMID: 29350489 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Beside its genomic properties, DNA is also recognized as a novel material in the field of nanoengineering. The specific bonding of base pairs can be used to direct the assembly of highly structured materials with specific nanoscale features such as periodic 2D arrays, 3D nanostructures, assembly of nanomaterials, and DNA nanomachines. In recent years, a variety of DNA nanomachines are developed because of their many potential applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. In this review, the fuel-powered motors and secondary structure motors, whose working mechanisms are inspired or derived from natural phenomena and nanomachines, are discussed. The combination of DNA motors with other platforms is then discussed. In each section of these motors, their mechanisms and their usage in the biomedical field are described. Finally, it is believed that these DNA-based nanomachines and hybrid motifs will become an integral point-of-care diagnostics and smart, site-specific therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chava Angell
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Mingxuan Kai
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Sibai Xie
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Xiangyi Dong
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NanoengineeringUniversity of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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157
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Shamsipur M, Saber R, Sarkar S. Isolation of HL-60 cancer cells from the human serum sample using MnO 2-PEI/Ni/Au/aptamer as a novel nanomotor and electrochemical determination of thereof by aptamer/gold nanoparticles-poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) modified GC electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 110:141-146. [PMID: 29609160 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, aptamer-modified self-propelled nanomotors were used for transportation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) from a human serum sample. For this purpose, the fabricated manganese oxide nanosheets-polyethyleneimine decorated with nickel/gold nanoparticles (MnO2-PEI/Ni/Au) as nanomotors were added to a vial containing thiolated aptamer KH1C12 solution as a capture aptamer to attach to the gold nanoparticles on the surface of nanomotors covalently. The aptamer-modified self-propelled nanomotors (aptamerKH1C12/nanomotors) were then separated by placing the vial in a magnetic stand. The aptamer-modified self-propelled nanomotors were rinsed three times with water to remove the non-attached aptamers. Then, the resulting aptamerKH1C12/nanomotors were applied for the on-the-fly" transporting of HL-60 cancer cell from a human serum sample. To release of the captured HL-60 cancer cells, the complementary nucleotide sequences of KH1C12 aptamer solution (releasing aptamer) that has a with capture aptamer was added to phosphate buffer solution (1 M, pH 7.4) containing HL-60/aptamerKH1C12/nanomotors. Because of the high affinity of capture aptamer to complementary nucleotide sequences of aptamerKH1C12, the HL-60 cancer cells released on the surface of aptamerKH1C12/nanomotors into the solution. The second goal of the present work was determining the concentration of HL-60 cancer cell in the human serum samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique (EIS) was used for the determination of HL-60 cancer cell. The concentration of separated cancer cell was determined by aptamer/gold nanoparticles-poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) modified GC electrode (GC/PEDOT-Aunano/aptamer KH1C12). The proposed aptasensor exhibited a good response to the concentration of HL-60 cancer cells in the range of 2.5 × 101 to 5 × 105 cells mL-1 with a low limit of detection of 250 cells mL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Amouzadeh Tabrizi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Saber
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sarkar
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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158
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Li ZL, Wang W, Li M, Zhang MJ, Tang MJ, Su YY, Liu Z, Ju XJ, Xie R, Chu LY. Facile Fabrication of Bubble-Propelled Micromotors Carrying Nanocatalysts for Water Remediation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mao-Jie Zhang
- College of Engineering, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610068, P. R. China
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159
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Xu L, Mou F, Gong H, Luo M, Guan J. Light-driven micro/nanomotors: from fundamentals to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6905-6926. [PMID: 28949354 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light, as an external stimulus, is capable of driving the motion of micro/nanomotors (MNMs) with the advantages of reversible, wireless and remote manoeuvre on demand with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art light-driven MNMs, which are able to move in liquids or on a substrate surface by converting light energy into mechanical work. The general design strategies for constructing asymmetric fields around light-driven MNMs to propel themselves are introduced as well as the photoactive materials for light-driven MNMs, including photocatalytic materials, photothermal materials and photochromic materials. Then, the propulsion mechanisms and motion behaviors of the so far developed light-driven MNMs are illustrated in detail involving light-induced phoretic propulsion, bubble recoil and interfacial tension gradient, followed by recent progress in the light-driven movement of liquid crystalline elastomers based on light-induced deformation. An outlook is further presented on the future development of light-driven MNMs towards overcoming key challenges after summarizing the potential applications in biomedical, environmental and micro/nanoengineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China.
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160
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Abstract
Micro- and nano-motors are emerging as novel drug delivery platforms, offering advantages such as rapid drug transport, high tissue penetration and motion controllability. They can be propelled and/or guided by endogenous (i.e., chemotaxis) or exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields, light) toward the area of interest. Moreover, such stimuli can be used to trigger the release of a therapeutic payload when the motor reaches certain location in order to improve the drug targeting. In this review article, we highlight medically oriented micro-/nano-motors, in particular the ones created for targeted drug delivery, and discuss their current limitations and possibilities toward in vivo applications.
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161
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Jiao J, Xu D, Liu Y, Zhao W, Zhang J, Zheng T, Feng H, Ma X. Mini-EmulsionFabricated Magnetic and Fluorescent Hybrid Janus Micro-Motors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E83. [PMID: 30393358 PMCID: PMC6187295 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-propelling micro/nano-motors have attracted great attention due to their controllable active motion and various functional attributes. To date, a variety of technologies have been reported for the fabrication of micro/nano-motors. However, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed. One of them is to endow micro/nano-motors with multi-functionalities by a facile fabrication process. Here, we present a universal approach, adopted from the emulsion templating method, for the fabrication of Janus micro-motors. With a one-step process, magnetic nanoparticles and fluorescent dyes are simultaneously embedded into the microparticles. The self-propelled motors can be used as an active label or fluorescent tracer through manipulation of their motion using magnetic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapu Jiao
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dandan Xu
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen 518036, China.
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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162
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Zha F, Wang T, Luo M, Guan J. Tubular Micro/Nanomotors: Propulsion Mechanisms, Fabrication Techniques and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E78. [PMID: 30393354 PMCID: PMC6187598 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors are self-propelled machines that can convert various energy sources into autonomous movement. With the great advances of nanotechnology, Micro/Nanomotors of various geometries have been designed and fabricated over the past few decades. Among them, the tubular Micro/Nanomotors have a unique morphology of hollow structures, which enable them to possess a strong driving force and easy surface functionalization. They are promising for environmental and biomedical applications, ranging from water remediation, sensing to active drug delivery and precise surgery. This article gives a comprehensive and clear review of tubular Micro/Nanomotors, including propulsion mechanisms, fabrication techniques and applications. In the end, we also put forward some realistic problems and speculate about corresponding methods to improve existing tubular Micro/Nanomotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ming Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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163
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Ning H, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Ingham A, Huang G, Mei Y, Solovev AA. Geometry Design, Principles and Assembly of Micromotors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E75. [PMID: 30393351 PMCID: PMC6187850 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of bio-inspired, self-propelled and externally-powered nano-/micro-motors, rotors and engines (micromachines) is considered a potentially revolutionary paradigm in nanoscience. Nature knows how to combine different elements together in a fluidic state for intelligent design of nano-/micro-machines, which operate by pumping, stirring, and diffusion of their internal components. Taking inspirations from nature, scientists endeavor to develop the best materials, geometries, and conditions for self-propelled motion, and to better understand their mechanisms of motion and interactions. Today, microfluidic technology offers considerable advantages for the next generation of biomimetic particles, droplets and capsules. This review summarizes recent achievements in the field of nano-/micromotors, and methods of their external control and collective behaviors, which may stimulate new ideas for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanpo Ning
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Andreas Ingham
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 5 Ole Maaløes Vej, DK-2200, 1165 København, Denmark.
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, 200433 Shanghai, China.
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164
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Bi C, Guix M, Johnson BV, Jing W, Cappelleri DJ. Design of Microscale Magnetic Tumbling Robots for Locomotion in Multiple Environments and Complex Terrains. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E68. [PMID: 30393344 PMCID: PMC6187462 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents several variations of a microscale magnetic tumbling ( μ TUM) robot capable of traversing complex terrains in dry and wet environments. The robot is fabricated by photolithography techniques and consists of a polymeric body with two sections with embedded magnetic particles aligned at the ends and a middle nonmagnetic bridge section. The robot's footprint dimensions are 400 μ m × 800 μ m. Different end geometries are used to test the optimal conditions for low adhesion and increased dynamic response to an actuating external rotating magnetic field. When subjected to a magnetic field as low as 7 mT in dry conditions, this magnetic microrobot is able to operate with a tumbling locomotion mode and translate with speeds of over 60 body lengths/s (48 mm/s) in dry environments and up to 17 body lengths/s (13.6 mm/s) in wet environments. Two different tumbling modes were observed and depend on the alignment of the magnetic particles. A technique was devised to measure the magnetic particle alignment angle relative to the robot's geometry. Rotational frequency limits were observed experimentally, becoming more prohibitive as environment viscosity increases. The μ TUM's performance was studied when traversing inclined planes (up to 60°), showing promising climbing capabilities in both dry and wet conditions. Maximum open loop straight-line trajectory errors of less than 4% and 2% of the traversal distance in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively, for the μ TUM were observed. Full directional control of μ TUM was demonstrated through the traversal of a P-shaped trajectory. Additionally, successful locomotion of the optimized μ TUM design over complex terrains was also achieved. By implementing machine vision control and/or embedding of payloads in the middle section of the robot, it is possible in the future to upgrade the current design with computer-optimized mobility through multiple environments and the ability to perform drug delivery tasks for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Bi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA.
| | - Maria Guix
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA.
| | - Benjamin V Johnson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA.
| | - Wuming Jing
- A. Leon Linton Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lawrence Technological University, Southfield, MI 48075-1058, USA.
| | - David J Cappelleri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA.
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165
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Venugopalan PL, Jain S, Shivashankar S, Ghosh A. Single coating of zinc ferrite renders magnetic nanomotors therapeutic and stable against agglomeration. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2327-2332. [PMID: 29326994 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08291f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanomotors with integrated theranostic capabilities can revolutionize biomedicine of the future. Typically, these nanomotors contain ferromagnetic materials, such that small magnetic fields can be used to maneuver and localize them in fluidic or gel-like environments. Motors with large permanent magnetic moments tend to agglomerate, which limits the scalability of this otherwise promising technology. Here, we demonstrate the application of a microwave-synthesized ferrite layer to reduce the agglomeration of helical ferromagnetic nanomotors by an order of magnitude, which allows them to be stored in a colloidal suspension for longer than six months and subsequently be manoeuvred with undiminished performance. The ferrite layer also rendered the nanomotors suitable as magnetic hyperthermia agents, as demonstrated by their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. The two functionalities were inter-related since higher hyperthermia efficiency required a denser suspension, both of which were achieved in a single microwave-synthesized ferrite coating.
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166
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Light-Powered Micro/Nanomotors. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9020041. [PMID: 30393317 PMCID: PMC6187517 DOI: 10.3390/mi9020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designed micro/nanomotors are micro/nanoscale machines capable of autonomous motion in fluids, which have been emerging in recent decades owing to their great potential for biomedical and environmental applications. Among them, light-powered micro/nanomotors, in which motion is driven by light, exhibit various advantages in their precise motion manipulation and thereby a superior scope for application. This review summarizes recent advances in the design, manufacture and motion manipulation of different types of light-powered micro/nanomotors. Their structural features and motion performance are reviewed and compared. The challenges and opportunities of light-powered micro/nanomotors are also discussed. With rapidly increasing innovation, advanced, intelligent and multifunctional light-powered micro/nanomachines will certainly bring profound impacts and changes for human life in the future.
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167
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Maric T, Nasir MZM, Wang Y, Khezri B, Pumera M. Corrosion due to ageing influences the performance of tubular platinum microrobots. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1322-1325. [PMID: 29296978 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous self-propelled nano and microrobots are in the forefront of materials research. The micromachines are typically prepared in batches, stored and subsequently used. We show here that the storage of platinum tubular catalytic microrobots in water causes their corrosion which results in their lower mobility and performance. This has important implications for the construction and storage of these autonomous micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Maric
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.
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168
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Toebes BJ, Abdelmohsen LKEA, Wilson DA. Enzyme-driven biodegradable nanomotor based on tubular-shaped polymeric vesicles. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembling a biodegradable nanomotor through the functionalization of tubular shaped polymersomes with catalase, showing enhanced diffusion in presence of fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Jelle Toebes
- Systems Chemistry Department
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- Netherlands
| | - Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen
- Systems Chemistry Department
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Systems Chemistry Department
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- Netherlands
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169
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Santiago I, Jiang L, Foord J, Turberfield AJ. Self-propulsion of catalytic nanomotors synthesised by seeded growth of asymmetric platinum–gold nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1901-1904. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric bimetallic nanomotors are synthesised by seeded growth in solution, providing a convenient and high-throughput alternative to the usual top-down lithographic fabrication of self-propelled catalytic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibon Santiago
- Department of Physics
- University of Oxford
- Clarendon Laboratory
- Oxford OX1 3PU
- UK
| | - Luyun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - John Foord
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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170
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Katuri J, Uspal WE, Simmchen J, Miguel-López A, Sánchez S. Cross-stream migration of active particles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao1755. [PMID: 29387790 PMCID: PMC5787385 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
For natural microswimmers, the interplay of swimming activity and external flow can promote robust directed motion, for example, propulsion against (upstream rheotaxis) or perpendicular to the direction of flow. These effects are generally attributed to their complex body shapes and flagellar beat patterns. Using catalytic Janus particles as a model experimental system, we report on a strong directional response that occurs for spherical active particles in a channel flow. The particles align their propulsion axes to be nearly perpendicular to both the direction of flow and the normal vector of a nearby bounding surface. We develop a deterministic theoretical model of spherical microswimmers near a planar wall that captures the experimental observations. We show how the directional response emerges from the interplay of shear flow and near-surface swimming activity. Finally, adding the effect of thermal noise, we obtain probability distributions for the swimmer orientation that semiquantitatively agree with the experimental distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Katuri
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - William E. Uspal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- IV. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Corresponding author. (W.E.U.); (S.S.)
| | - Juliane Simmchen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert Miguel-López
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri I Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Intelligente Systeme, Heisenbergstr 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- Corresponding author. (W.E.U.); (S.S.)
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171
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Liu C, Xu T, Xu LP, Zhang X. Controllable Swarming and Assembly of Micro/Nanomachines. MICROMACHINES 2017; 9:E10. [PMID: 30393287 PMCID: PMC6187724 DOI: 10.3390/mi9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Motion is a common phenomenon in biological processes. Major advances have been made in designing various self-propelled micromachines that harvest different types of energies into mechanical movement to achieve biomedicine and biological applications. Inspired by fascinating self-organization motion of natural creatures, the swarming or assembly of synthetic micro/nanomachines (often referred to micro/nanoswimmers, micro/nanorobots, micro/nanomachines, or micro/nanomotors), are able to mimic these amazing natural systems to help humanity accomplishing complex biological tasks. This review described the fuel induced methods (enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine, et al.) and fuel-free induced approaches (electric, ultrasound, light, and magnetic) that led to control the assembly and swarming of synthetic micro/nanomachines. Such behavior is of fundamental importance in improving our understanding of self-assembly processes that are occurring on molecular to macroscopic length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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172
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Zhang K, Fraxedas J, Sepulveda B, Esplandiu MJ. Photochemically Activated Motors: From Electrokinetic to Diffusion Motion Control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44948-44953. [PMID: 29199814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micro/nanomotors that can transform chemical energy from the surrounding environment into mechanical motion are cutting edge nanotechnologies with potential applications in biomedicine and environmental remediation. These applications require full understanding of the propulsion mechanisms to improve the performance and controllability of the motors. In this work, we demonstrate that there are two competing chemomechanical mechanisms at semiconductor/metal (Si/Pt) micromotors in a pump configuration under visible light exposure. The first propulsion mechanism is driven by an electro-osmotic process stemmed from a photoactivation reaction mediated by H2O2, which takes place in two separated redox reactions at the Si and Pt interfaces. One reaction involves the oxidation of H2O2 at the silicon side, and the other the H2O2 reduction at the metal side. The second mechanism is not light responsive and is triggered by the redox decomposition of H2O2 exclusively at the Pt surface. We show that it is possible to enhance/suppress one mechanism over the other by tuning the surface roughness of the micromotor metal. More specifically, the actuation mechanism can be switched from light-controlled electrokinetics to light-insensitive diffusio-osmosis by only increasing the metal surface roughness. The different actuation mechanisms yield strikingly different fluid flow velocities, electric fields, and light sensitivities. Consequently, these findings are very relevant and can have a remarkable impact on the design and optimization of photoactivated catalytic devices and, in general, on bimetallic or insulating-metallic motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Jordi Fraxedas
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Borja Sepulveda
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria J Esplandiu
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST , Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
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173
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Krajewski M. Magnetic-field-induced synthesis of magnetic wire-like micro- and nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:16511-16545. [PMID: 29067381 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05823c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A lot of physical and chemical preparation methods of one-dimensional (1D) structures are known today. Most of them use highly advanced technology or quite complex chemical reagents. This results in their high costs and difficulties with their implementation to a large industrial scale. Hence, new, facile and inexpensive approaches are still sought. One alternative to wire-like structure production is based on the chemical reduction reactions combined with an external magnetic field, which acts as an independent synthesis parameter. This approach is commonly called magnetic-field-assisted (MFA) synthesis or magnetic-field-induced (MFI) synthesis. As usual, this manufacturing strategy comprises both drawbacks and advantages, which are introduced in this review. Moreover, this work shows that MFI synthesis depends on several synthesis parameters including the strength of the applied magnetic field, reaction temperature, pH value of the reaction environment, chemical composition of the precursor solution, reaction time, and also the presence of surfactants, complexing agents, nucleating agents, initiators as well as organic solvents. All of them have an impact on the morphology and dimensions of wire-like materials and their chemical, physical and mechanical properties. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with the magnetic-assisted fabrication of wire-like structures are widely discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Krajewski
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Street 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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174
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Vidal-Urquiza GC, Córdova-Figueroa UM. Dynamics of a magnetic active Brownian particle under a uniform magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:052607. [PMID: 29347786 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.052607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of a magnetic active Brownian particle undergoing three-dimensional Brownian motion, both translation and rotation, under the influence of a uniform magnetic field is investigated. The particle self-propels at a constant speed along its magnetic dipole moment, which reorients due to the interplay between Brownian and magnetic torques, quantified by the Langevin parameter α. In this work, the time-dependent active diffusivity and the crossover time (τ^{cross})-from ballistic to diffusive regimes-are calculated through the time-dependent correlation function of the fluctuations of the propulsion direction. The results reveal that, for any value of α, the particle undergoes a directional (or ballistic) propulsive motion at very short times (t≪τ^{cross}). In this regime, the correlation function decreases linearly with time, and the active diffusivity increases with it. It the opposite time limit (t≫τ^{cross}), the particle moves in a purely diffusive regime with a correlation function that decays asymptotically to zero and an active diffusivity that reaches a constant value equal to the long-time active diffusivity of the particle. As expected in the absence of a magnetic field (α=0), the crossover time is equal to the characteristic time scale for rotational diffusion, τ_{rot}. In the presence of a magnetic field (α>0), the correlation function, the active diffusivity, and the crossover time decrease with increasing α. The magnetic field regulates the regimes of propulsion of the particle. Here, the field reduces the period of time at which the active particle undergoes a directional motion. Consequently, the active particle rapidly reaches a diffusive regime at τ^{cross}≪τ_{rot}. In the limit of weak fields (α≪1), the crossover time decreases quadratically with α, while in the limit of strong fields (α≫1) it decays asymptotically as α^{-1}. The results are in excellent agreement with those obtained by Brownian dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C Vidal-Urquiza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
| | - Ubaldo M Córdova-Figueroa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00681, USA
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175
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Mangal R, Nayani K, Kim YK, Bukusoglu E, Córdova-Figueroa UM, Abbott NL. Active Janus Particles at Interfaces of Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10917-10926. [PMID: 28850782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of the active motion of silica-palladium Janus particles (JPs) adsorbed at interfaces formed between nematic liquid crystals (LCs) and aqueous phases containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In comparison to isotropic oil-aqueous interfaces, we observe the elasticity and anisotropic viscosity of the nematic phase to change qualitatively the active motion of the JPs at the LC interfaces. Although contact line pinning on the surface of the JPs is observed to restrict out-of-plane rotational diffusion of the JPs at LC interfaces, orientational anchoring of nematic LCs on the silica (planar) and palladium (homeotropic) hemispheres biases JP in-plane orientations to generate active motion almost exclusively along the director of the LC at low concentrations of H2O2 (0.5 wt %). In contrast, displacements perpendicular to the director exhibit the characteristics of Brownian diffusion. At higher concentrations of H2O2 (1-3 wt %), we observe an increasing population of JPs propelled parallel and perpendicular to the LC director in a manner consistent with active motion. In addition, under these conditions, we also observe a subpopulation of JPs (approximately 10%) that exhibit active motion exclusively perpendicular to the LC director. These results are discussed in light of independent measurements of the distribution of azimuthal orientations of the JPs at the LC interfaces and calculations of the elastic energies that bias JP orientations. We also contrast our observations at LC interfaces to past studies of self-propulsion of particles within and at the interfaces of isotropic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mangal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Karthik Nayani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Emre Bukusoglu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University , Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ubaldo M Córdova-Figueroa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico - Mayagüez , Mayagüez 00681, Puerto Rico
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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176
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Eßmann V, Voci S, Loget G, Sojic N, Schuhmann W, Kuhn A. Wireless Light-Emitting Electrochemical Rotors. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4930-4934. [PMID: 28945095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry has been shown to enable and control various kinds of propulsion of nonwired conducting objects: translation, rotation, and levitation. There is a very rapid development in the field of controlled motion combined with other functionalities. Here we integrate two different concepts in one system to generate wireless electrochemical motion of a specifically designed rotor and track its polarization simultaneously by electrochemical light emission. Locally produced hydrogen bubbles at the cathodic pole of the bipolar rotor are the driving force of the motion, whereas [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 and tripropylamine react at the anodic extremity, thus generating an electrochemiluminescence signal with an intensity directly correlated with the orientation of the rotor arms. This allows in a straightforward way the qualitative visualization of the changing interfacial potential differences during rotation and shows for the first time that light emission can be coupled to autonomously rotating bipolar electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Eßmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs (MaCSE), Université de Rennes 1 , Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSCBP , 33607 Pessac, France
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177
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Díez P, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Villalonga R, Wang J. Biomedical nanomotors: efficient glucose-mediated insulin release. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:14307-14311. [PMID: 28930338 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the design of an autonomous glucose-responsive smart nanomachine for insulin (In) delivery based on ultrasound (US)-propelled nanomotors combined with an enzyme-based sensing-effector unit. Gold nanowire (AuNW) motors have been coupled with a mesoporous silica (MS) segment, which was gated with pH-responsive phenylboronic acid (PBA)-glucose oxidase (GOx) supramolecular nanovalves responsible for the insulin release. Glucose-induced protonation of the PBA groups triggers the opening of the pH-driven gate and uncapping of the insulin-loaded nanovalves. The insulin-loaded MS-Au nanomotors displayed an efficient US-driven movement that dramatically accelerates the glucose-triggered insulin release when compared to their static counterparts. Such coupling of the locomotion of nanovehicles with gated insulin-containing nanocontainers and glucose-responsive nanovalves holds great promise for the improved management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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178
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Tu Y, Peng F, Wilson DA. Motion Manipulation of Micro- and Nanomotors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28841755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the self-migration of microorganisms in nature, artificial micro- and nanomotors can mimic this fantastic behavior by converting chemical fuel or external energy into mechanical motion. These self-propelled micro- and nanomotors, designed either by top-down or bottom-up approaches, are able to achieve different applications, such as environmental remediation, sensing, cargo/sperm transportation, drug delivery, and even precision micro-/nanosurgery. For these various applications, especially biomedical applications, regulating on-demand the motion of micro- and nanomotors is quite essential. However, it remains a continuing challenge to increase the controllability over motors themselves. Here, we will discuss the recent advancements regarding the motion manipulation of micro- and nanomotors by different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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179
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Campuzano S, Esteban-Fernández de Ávila B, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Pingarrón JM, Wang J. Nano/microvehicles for efficient delivery and (bio)sensing at the cellular level. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6750-6763. [PMID: 29147499 PMCID: PMC5643903 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A perspective review of recent strategies involving the use of nano/microvehicles to address the key challenges associated with delivery and (bio)sensing at the cellular level is presented. The main types and characteristics of the different nano/microvehicles used for these cellular applications are discussed, including fabrication pathways, propulsion (catalytic, magnetic, acoustic or biological) and navigation strategies, and relevant parameters affecting their propulsion performance and sensing and delivery capabilities. Thereafter, selected applications are critically discussed. An emphasis is made on enhancing the extra- and intra-cellular biosensing capabilities, fast cell internalization, rapid inter- or intra-cellular movement, efficient payload delivery and targeted on-demand controlled release in order to greatly improve the monitoring and modulation of cellular processes. A critical discussion of selected breakthrough applications illustrates how these smart multifunctional nano/microdevices operate as nano/microcarriers and sensors at the intra- and extra-cellular levels. These advances allow both the real-time biosensing of relevant targets and processes even at a single cell level, and the delivery of different cargoes (drugs, functional proteins, oligonucleotides and cells) for therapeutics, gene silencing/transfection and assisted fertilization, while overcoming challenges faced by current affinity biosensors and delivery vehicles. Key challenges for the future and the envisioned opportunities and future perspectives of this remarkably exciting field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain . ;
| | | | - P Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain . ;
| | - J M Pingarrón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , Complutense University of Madrid , E-28040 Madrid , Spain . ;
- IMDEA Nanoscience , Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - J Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering , University of California , La Jolla , San Diego , California 92093 , USA .
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180
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Nano- and micromotors for cleaning polluted waters: focused review on pollutant removal mechanisms. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13850-13863. [PMID: 28920114 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05494g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines designed to self-propel and-in the process of propelling themselves-perform specialized tasks like cleaning polluted waters. These motors offer distinct advantages over conventionally static decontamination methods, owing to their ability to move around and self-mix-which heightens the interaction between their active sites and target pollutants-thus improving their speed and efficiency, which could potentially decrease treatment times and costs. In the last decade, considerable research efforts have been expended on exploring various mechanisms by which these motors can self-propel and remove pollutants, proving that the removal of oil droplets, heavy metals, and organic compounds using these synthetic motors is possible. This review highlights recent progress in the design of these nano- and micromotors for cleaning polluted waters, and gives an overview of their structure, fabrication, and propulsion methods, with a special focus on the mechanisms by which they remove pollutants-namely, either by adsorption or by degradation. A fundamental understanding of these removal mechanisms, with their attendant advantages and disadvantages, can help researchers fine-tune motor design in the future so that technical issues can be resolved before they are scaled-up for a wide variety of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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181
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Vilela D, Hortelao AC, Balderas-Xicohténcatl R, Hirscher M, Hahn K, Ma X, Sánchez S. Facile fabrication of mesoporous silica micro-jets with multi-functionalities. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13990-13997. [PMID: 28891580 PMCID: PMC5708346 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled micro/nano-devices have been proved as powerful tools in various applications given their capability of both autonomous motion and on-demand task fulfilment. Tubular micro-jets stand out as an important member in the family of self-propelled micro/nano-devices and are widely explored with respect to their fabrication and functionalization. A few methods are currently available for the fabrication of tubular micro-jets, nevertheless there is still a demand to explore the fabrication of tubular micro-jets made of versatile materials and with the capability of multi-functionalization. Here, we present a facile strategy for the fabrication of mesoporous silica micro-jets (MSMJs) for tubular micromotors which can carry out multiple tasks depending on their functionalities. The synthesis of MSMJs does not require the use of any equipment, making it facile and cost-effective for future practical use. The MSMJs can be modified inside, outside or both with different kinds of metal nanoparticles, which provide these micromotors with a possibility of additional properties, such as the anti-bacterial effect by silver nanoparticles, or biochemical sensing based on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by gold nanoparticles. Because of the high porosity, high surface area and also the easy surface chemistry process, the MSMJs can be employed for the efficient removal of heavy metals in contaminated water, as well as for the controlled and active drug delivery, as two proof-of-concept examples of environmental and biomedical applications, respectively. Therefore, taking into account the new, simple and cheap method of fabrication, highly porous structure, and multiple functionalities, the mesoporous silica based micro-jets can serve as efficient tools for desired applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vilela
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Eskandarloo H, Kierulf A, Abbaspourrad A. Light-harvesting synthetic nano- and micromotors: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12218-12230. [PMID: 28809422 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05166b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micromotors are machines that can be made to perform specialized tasks as they propel themselves in response to certain stimuli. While the design of these self-propelling nano- and micromotors remains challenging, they have nevertheless attracted considerable research due to their many promising applications. Most self-propelled nano- and micromotors are based on the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical movement. Recently, however, the development of motors that can be propelled by light as an external stimulus has received much attention. The reason being that light is a renewable energy source that does not require any physical connection to the motor, does not usually lead to any waste products, and is easy to control. This review highlights recent progress in the development of light-harvesting synthetic motors that can be efficiently propelled and accurately controlled by exposure to light, and gives an overview of their fabrication methods, propulsion mechanisms, and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Cornell University, 243 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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185
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Liu L, Bai T, Chi Q, Wang Z, Xu S, Liu Q, Wang Q. How to Make a Fast, Efficient Bubble-Driven Micromotor: A Mechanical View. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E267. [PMID: 30400455 PMCID: PMC6189961 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors, which can be moved at a micron scale, have special functions and can perform microscopic tasks. They have a wide range of applications in various fields with the advantages of small size and high efficiency. Both high speed and efficiency for micromotors are required in various conditions. However, the dynamical mechanism of bubble-driven micromotors movement is not clear, owing to various factors affecting the movement of micromotors. This paper reviews various factors acting on micromotor movement, and summarizes appropriate methods to improve the velocity and efficiency of bubble-driven micromotors, from a mechanical view. The dynamical factors that have significant influence on the hydrodynamic performance of micromotors could be divided into two categories: environment and geometry. Improving environment temperature and decreasing viscosity of fluid accelerate the velocity of motors. Under certain conditions, raising the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is applied. However, a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide is not applicable. In the environment of low concentration, changing the geometry of micromotors is an effective mean to improve the velocity of micromotors. Increasing semi-cone angle and reducing the ratio of length to radius for tubular and rod micromotors are propitious to increase the speed of micromotors. For Janus micromotors, reducing the mass by changing the shape into capsule and shell, and increasing the surface roughness, is applied. This review could provide references for improving the velocity and efficiency of micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qingjia Chi
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Infrastructure Management Department, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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186
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de Ávila BEF, Angsantikul P, Li J, Angel Lopez-Ramirez M, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Thamphiwatana S, Chen C, Delezuk J, Samakapiruk R, Ramez V, Obonyo M, Zhang L, Wang J. Micromotor-enabled active drug delivery for in vivo treatment of stomach infection. Nat Commun 2017; 8:272. [PMID: 28814725 PMCID: PMC5559609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in bioinspired design principles and nanomaterials have led to tremendous progress in autonomously moving synthetic nano/micromotors with diverse functionalities in different environments. However, a significant gap remains in moving nano/micromotors from test tubes to living organisms for treating diseases with high efficacy. Here we present the first, to our knowledge, in vivo therapeutic micromotors application for active drug delivery to treat gastric bacterial infection in a mouse model using clarithromycin as a model antibiotic and Helicobacter pylori infection as a model disease. The propulsion of drug-loaded magnesium micromotors in gastric media enables effective antibiotic delivery, leading to significant bacteria burden reduction in the mouse stomach compared with passive drug carriers, with no apparent toxicity. Moreover, while the drug-loaded micromotors reach similar therapeutic efficacy as the positive control of free drug plus proton pump inhibitor, the micromotors can function without proton pump inhibitors because of their built-in proton depletion function associated with their locomotion.Nano- and micromotors have been demonstrated in vitro for a range of applications. Here the authors demonstrate the in-vivo therapeutic use of micromotors to treat H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Soracha Thamphiwatana
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chuanrui Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jorge Delezuk
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Richard Samakapiruk
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Valentin Ramez
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marygorret Obonyo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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187
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Han K, Shields CW, Diwakar NM, Bharti B, López GP, Velev OD. Sequence-encoded colloidal origami and microbot assemblies from patchy magnetic cubes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701108. [PMID: 28798960 PMCID: PMC5544397 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal-scale assemblies that reconfigure on demand may serve as the next generation of soft "microbots," artificial muscles, and other biomimetic devices. This requires the precise arrangement of particles into structures that are preprogrammed to reversibly change shape when actuated by external fields. The design and making of colloidal-scale assemblies with encoded directional particle-particle interactions remain a major challenge. We show how assemblies of metallodielectric patchy microcubes can be engineered to store energy through magnetic polarization and release it on demand by microscale reconfiguration. The dynamic pattern of folding and reconfiguration of the chain-like assemblies can be encoded in the sequence of the cube orientation. The residual polarization of the metallic facets on the microcubes leads to local interactions between the neighboring particles, which is directed by the conformational restrictions of their shape after harvesting energy from external magnetic fields. These structures can also be directionally moved, steered, and maneuvered by global forces from external magnetic fields. We illustrate these capabilities by examples of assemblies of specific sequences that can be actuated, reoriented, and spatially maneuvered to perform microscale operations such as capturing and transporting live cells, acting as prototypes of microbots, micromixers, and other active microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koohee Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7905, USA
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - C. Wyatt Shields
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nidhi M. Diwakar
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7905, USA
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gabriel P. López
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. (O.D.V.); (G.P.L.)
| | - Orlin D. Velev
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695–7905, USA
- Research Triangle Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. (O.D.V.); (G.P.L.)
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188
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Kim JT, Choudhury U, Jeong HH, Fischer P. Nanodiamonds That Swim. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1701024. [PMID: 28605070 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds are emerging as nanoscale quantum probes for bio-sensing and imaging. This necessitates the development of new methods to accurately manipulate their position and orientation in aqueous solutions. The realization of an "active" nanodiamond (ND) swimmer in fluids, composed of a ND crystal containing nitrogen vacancy centers and a light-driven self-thermophoretic micromotor, is reported. The swimmer is propelled by a local temperature gradient created by laser illumination on its metal-coated side. Its locomotion-from translational to rotational motion-is successfully controlled by shape-dependent hydrodynamic interactions. The precise engineering of the swimmer's geometry is achieved by self-assembly combined with physical vapor shadow growth. The optical addressability of the suspended ND swimmers is demonstrated by observing the electron spin resonance in the presence of magnetic fields. Active motion at the nanoscale enables new sensing capabilities combined with active transport including, potentially, in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Udit Choudhury
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 AB, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hyeon-Ho Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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189
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de Ávila BEF, Ramírez-Herrera DE, Campuzano S, Angsantikul P, Zhang L, Wang J. Nanomotor-Enabled pH-Responsive Intracellular Delivery of Caspase-3: Toward Rapid Cell Apoptosis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5367-5374. [PMID: 28467853 PMCID: PMC5894870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct and efficient intracellular delivery of enzymes to cytosol holds tremendous therapeutic potential while remaining an unmet technical challenge. Herein, an ultrasound (US)-propelled nanomotor approach and a high-pH-responsive delivery strategy are reported to overcome this challenge using caspase-3 (CASP-3) as a model enzyme. Consisting of a gold nanowire (AuNW) motor with a pH-responsive polymer coating, in which the CASP-3 is loaded, the resulting nanomotor protects the enzyme from release and deactivation prior to reaching an intracellular environment. However, upon entering a cell and exposure to the higher intracellular pH, the polymer coating is dissolved, thereby directly releasing the active CASP-3 enzyme to the cytosol and causing rapid cell apoptosis. In vitro studies using gastric cancer cells as a model cell line demonstrate that such a motion-based active delivery approach leads to remarkably high apoptosis efficiency within a significantly shorter time and with a lower amount of CASP-3 compared to other control groups not involving US-propelled nanomotors. For instance, the reported nanomotor system can achieve 80% apoptosis of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells within only 5 min, which dramatically outperforms other CASP-3 delivery approaches. These results indicate that the US-propelled nanomotors may act as a powerful vehicle for cytosolic delivery of active therapeutic proteins, which would offer an attractive means to enhance the current landscape of intracellular protein delivery and therapy. While CASP-3 is selected as a model protein in this study, the same nanomotor approach can be readily applied to a variety of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Doris E. Ramírez-Herrera
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University
of Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pavimol Angsantikul
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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190
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Bhuyan T, Singh AK, Dutta D, Unal A, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Magnetic Field Guided Chemotaxis of iMushbots for Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:1627-1640. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Deepanjalee Dutta
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aynur Unal
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, §Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, and ∥Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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191
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Tu Y, Peng F, White PB, Wilson DA. Redox-Sensitive Stomatocyte Nanomotors: Destruction and Drug Release in the Presence of Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7620-7624. [PMID: 28489266 PMCID: PMC5488187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of artificial nanomotor systems that are stimuli-responsive is still posing many challenges. Herein, we demonstrate the self-assembly of a redox-responsive stomatocyte nanomotor system, which can be used for triggered drug release under biological reducing conditions. The redox sensitivity was introduced by incorporating a disulfide bridge between the hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) block and the hydrophobic polystyrene block. When incubated with the endogenous reducing agent glutathione at a concentration comparable to that within cells, the external PEG shells of these stimuli-responsive nanomotors are cleaved. The specific bowl-shaped stomatocytes aggregate after the treatment with glutathione, leading to the loss of motion and triggered drug release. These novel redox-responsive nanomotors can not only be used for remote transport but also for drug delivery, which is promising for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and MaterialsRadboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
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192
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanti Dey
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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193
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Tu Y, Peng F, White PB, Wilson DA. Redox-Sensitive Stomatocyte Nanomotors: Destruction and Drug Release in the Presence of Glutathione. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Paul B. White
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials; Radboud University; Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands
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194
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Mariottini D, Idili A, Vallée-Bélisle A, Plaxco KW, Ricci F. A DNA Nanodevice That Loads and Releases a Cargo with Hemoglobin-Like Allosteric Control and Cooperativity. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3225-3230. [PMID: 28387120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the rational design of a synthetic molecular nanodevice that is directly inspired from hemoglobin, a highly evolved protein whose oxygen-carrying activity is finely regulated by a sophisticated network of control mechanisms. Inspired by the impressive performance of hemoglobin we have designed and engineered in vitro a synthetic DNA-based nanodevice containing up to four interacting binding sites that, like hemoglobin, can load and release a cargo over narrow concentration ranges, and whose affinity can be finely controlled via both allosteric effectors and environmental cues like pH and temperature. As the first example of a synthetic DNA nanodevice that undergoes a complex network of nature-inspired control mechanisms, this represents an important step toward the use of similar nanodevices for diagnostic and drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mariottini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Idili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexis Vallée-Bélisle
- Laboratory of Biosensors & Nanomachines, Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal , C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | | | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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195
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Daddi-Moussa-Ider A, Lisicki M, Gekle S. Hydrodynamic mobility of a solid particle near a spherical elastic membrane. II. Asymmetric motion. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:053117. [PMID: 28618646 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.053117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we derive analytical expressions for the leading-order hydrodynamic mobility of a small solid particle undergoing motion tangential to a nearby large spherical capsule whose membrane possesses resistance toward shearing and bending. Together with the results obtained in the first part [Daddi-Moussa-Ider and Gekle, Phys. Rev. E 95, 013108 (2017)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.95.013108], where the axisymmetric motion perpendicular to the capsule membrane is considered, the solution of the general mobility problem is thus determined. We find that shearing resistance induces a low-frequency peak in the particle self-mobility, resulting from the membrane normal displacement in the same way, although less pronounced, to what has been observed for the axisymmetric motion. In the zero-frequency limit, the self-mobility correction near a hard sphere is recovered only if the membrane has a nonvanishing resistance toward shearing. We further compute the in-plane mean-square displacement of a nearby diffusing particle, finding that the membrane induces a long-lasting subdiffusive regime. Considering capsule motion, we find that the correction to the pair-mobility function is solely determined by membrane shearing properties. Our analytical calculations are compared and validated with fully resolved boundary integral simulations where a very good agreement is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Maciej Lisicki
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Wilberforce Rd, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Biofluid Simulation and Modeling, Fachbereich Physik, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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196
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Rahman MM, Chowdhury MM, Alam MK. Rotating-Electric-Field-Induced Carbon-Nanotube-Based Nanomotor in Water: A Molecular Dynamics Study. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603978. [PMID: 28371324 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics simulations, it is shown that a carbon nanotube (CNT) suspended in water and subjected to a rotating electric field of proper magnitude and angular speed can be rotated with the aid of water dipole orientations. Based on this principle, a rotational nanomotor structure is designed and the system is simulated in water. Use of the fast responsiveness of electric-field-induced CNT orientation in water is employed and its operation at ultrahigh-speed (over 1011 r.p.m.) is shown. To explain the basic mechanism, the behavior of the rotational actuation, originated from the water dipole orientation, is also analyzed . The proposed nanomotor is capable of rotating an attached load (such as CNT) at a precise angle as well as nanogear-based complex structures. The findings suggest a potential way of using the electric-field-induced CNT rotation in polarizable fluids as a novel tool to operate nanodevices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mushfiqur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mokter Mahmud Chowdhury
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Md Kawsar Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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197
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Martinez-Pedrero F, Massana-Cid H, Tierno P. Assembly and Transport of Microscopic Cargos via Reconfigurable Photoactivated Magnetic Microdockers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1603449. [PMID: 28296018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The realization of micromotors able to dock and transport microscopic objects in a fluid medium has direct applications toward the delivery of drugs and chemicals in small channels and pores, and the realization of functional wireless microrobots in lab-on-a-chip technology. A simple and general method to tow microscopic particles in water by using remotely controllable light-activated hematite microdockers is demonstrated. These anisotropic ferromagnetic particles can be synthesized in bulk and present the remarkable ability to be activated by light while independently manipulated via external fields. The photoactivation process induces a phoretic flow capable to attract cargos toward the surface of the propellers, while a rotating magnetic field is used to transport the composite particles to any location of the experimental platform. The method allows the assembling of small colloidal clusters of various sizes, composed by a skeleton of mobile magnetic dockers, which cooperatively keep, transport, and release the microscopic cargos. The possibility to easily reconfigure in situ the location of the docker above the cargo is demonstrated, which enables optimize transport and cargo release operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Martinez-Pedrero
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Massana-Cid
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Tierno
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Niu R, Botin D, Weber J, Reinmüller A, Palberg T. Assembly and Speed in Ion-Exchange-Based Modular Phoretic Microswimmers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3450-3457. [PMID: 28346787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an experimental study on ion-exchange-based modular microswimmers in low-salt water. Cationic ion-exchange particles and passive cargo particles assemble into self-propelling complexes, showing self-propulsion at speeds of several micrometers per second over extended distances and times. We quantify the assembly and speed of the complexes for different combinations of ion-exchange particles and cargo particles, substrate types, salt types and concentrations, and cell geometries. Irrespective of the experimental boundary conditions, we observe a regular development of the assembly shape with increasing number of cargo. Moreover, the swimming speed increases stepwise upon increasing the number of cargo and then saturates at a maximum speed, indicating the active role of cargo in modular swimming. We propose a geometric model of self-assembly to describe the experimental observations in a qualitative way. Our study also provides some constraints for future theoretical modeling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Niu
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtät Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Botin
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtät Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Weber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtät Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Reinmüller
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtät Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universtät Mainz , Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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199
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Biocompatibility of biological material polylactic acid with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:519-524. [PMID: 28515910 PMCID: PMC5431402 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the biocompatibility of the biomaterial, polylactic acid (PLA) with stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and its induction of mineralization as a type of scaffold material. To determine the impacts of biomaterial PLA on proliferation and mineralization of SHED, the expression of surface molecules of SHED isolated and cultured in vitro was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, cell proliferation was measured using MTT and Edu assays, and the evaluation of mineralized differentiation was performed using Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis. SHED were successfully isolated and identified. The MTT and Edu results indicated that the proliferation of SHED cultured in PLA and normal medium was not significantly different. The Alizarin Red S staining demonstrated that the mineralization capability was significantly higher in the SHED that were cultured in PLA medium. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that the expression levels of osteogenic marker genes were higher in the SHED cultured in PLA medium. These results suggested that PLA possesses good biocompatibility with SHED and may effectively induce the mineralization of SHED and serve as a scaffold material.
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Xu T, Gao W, Xu LP, Zhang X, Wang S. Fuel-Free Synthetic Micro-/Nanomachines. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603250. [PMID: 28026067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the swimming of natural microorganisms, synthetic micro-/nanomachines, which convert energy into movement, are able to mimic the function of these amazing natural systems and help humanity by completing environmental and biological tasks. While offering autonomous propulsion, conventional micro-/nanomachines usually rely on the decomposition of external chemical fuels (e.g., H2 O2 ), which greatly hinders their applications in biologically relevant media. Recent developments have resulted in various micro-/nanomotors that can be powered by biocompatible fuels. Fuel-free synthetic micro-/nanomotors, which can move without external chemical fuels, represent another attractive solution for practical applications owing to their biocompatibility and sustainability. Here, recent developments on fuel-free micro-/nanomotors (powered by various external stimuli such as light, magnetic, electric, or ultrasonic fields) are summarized, ranging from fabrication to propulsion mechanisms. The applications of these fuel-free micro-/nanomotors are also discussed, including nanopatterning, targeted drug/gene delivery, cell manipulation, and precision nanosurgery. With continuous innovation, future autonomous, intelligent and multifunctional fuel-free micro-/nanomachines are expected to have a profound impact upon diverse biomedical applications, providing unlimited opportunities beyond one's imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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