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Zheng Y, Lee EH, Lee JH, In G, Kim J, Lee MH, Lee OH, Kang IJ. Preclinical Research on a Mixture of Red Ginseng and Licorice Extracts in the Treatment and Prevention of Obesity. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092744. [PMID: 32916854 PMCID: PMC7551630 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-obesity effects of RL (a 3:1 mixture of Panax ginseng saponin fractions and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extracts) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C57BL/6J obese mice were evaluated at different concentrations. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of RL through lipid accumulation inhibition rate, serum lipid composition analysis, adipose tissue size, adipogenic transcription factors and AMPK pathway. RL inhibited the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 50–200 μg/mL without cytotoxicity (50–400 μg/mL). Oral administration of RL at the highest concentration (400 mg/kg/day) did not cause significant liver toxicity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. RL stimulated adiponectin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and primarily mediates the AMPK pathway to inhibit triglyceride synthesis and attenuate adipocyte hypertrophy. RL significantly reduced weight in obese mice, but none of the body weight, adipose tissue weight, serum triglyceride level, and AMPK pathway activation degree showed any difference between dosing concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/kg/day. Therefore, 200 mg/kg/day of RL is the optimal preclinical concentration, which can be a reference concentration for conversion into a human clinical trial dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (E.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (E.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (E.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34337, Korea; (G.I.); (J.K.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - JongHan Kim
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34337, Korea; (G.I.); (J.K.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Mi-Hyang Lee
- Korea Ginseng Corporation Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34337, Korea; (G.I.); (J.K.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (Y.Z.); (E.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2135; Fax: +82-33-256-3420
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152
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Efficacy and Safety of Blood Stasis Based Herbal Medicine for Patients with Traffic Accident : A Prospective Observational Study. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Blood stasis (BS) is commonly used for pattern identification in traumatic injuries, including traffic accidents (TAs). Various studies have identified the efficacy of Korean medicine treatments for TA patients, but studies focusing on the BS-based herbal medicine (BSHM), including Tongdo-san (TDS), are rare.<br/>Methods: This was a single-center, prospective observational study, conducted from August 24th, 2018 to December 27th, 2018, which included 40 TA patients. Participants underwent routine Korean medicine treatments including acupuncture, electronic moxibustion, cupping, physical therapy, and herbal medicine. In the herbal medicine treatment, participants took BSHM with more than 3 days including taking TDS. The primary outcome measures were the scores from a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS). Secondary outcome measures included scores from EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and EQVAS questionnaires, the BS and cold/heat indices, and safety assessments.<br/>Results: There were significant improvements in the VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, EQ-VAS scores, and BS index after treatment. In the sub-analysis, VAS, NRS, EQ-5D, and EQ-VAS scores were higher in groups with a higher BS index. The moderate and severe BS index groups showed more improvement than the minor BS index group, and there was a significant difference in the EQ-5D scores. There was no significant differences observed in cold/heat index groups scores.<br/>Conclusion: BS is associated with TA-related symptoms. BSHM, including TDS, may significantly reduce BS, pain, and discomfort.
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153
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Relationship between the use of Chinese herbal medicines and Sjögren syndrome risk among women with menopause: a retrospective cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:58-64. [PMID: 32881834 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopausal women appear to report a higher risk of Sjögren syndrome (SS). Although Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are proven to lower SS risk, the scientific evidence of whether it can lessen the occurrence of SS among menopausal women is limited. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between CHMs use and SS risk in menopausal women. METHODS Using a nationwide claims data, we enrolled 31,917 women with first-time diagnosed menopause who simultaneously were free of SS between 2000 and 2007. Among them, we randomly selected 12,757 CHMs users and 12,757 non-CHMs users using propensity scores matching. All participants were followed until the end of 2012 to record SS incidence. The hazard ratio of SS with regard to CHMs use was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS In the follow-up period, 589 CHMs users and 644 non-CHMs users developed SS, representing incidence rates of 5.12 and 6.40, respectively, per 1,000 person-years. CHMs use was associated with a 21% lower subsequent risk of SS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89). Six commonly prescribed CHMs were discovered to be associated with lower SS risk: Ge-Gen-Tang, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tag, Da-Huang, Ye-Jiao-Teng, Tian-Hua-Fen, and Bo-Zi-Ren. CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant association was found between CHMs use and lower risk of SS onset in menopausal women, suggesting that CHMs could be considered to integrate it into conventional therapy to reduce subsequent SS risk for menopausal women.
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154
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Gao Y, Zhang L, Feng X, Liu X, Guo F, Lv B, Li C. Galactosylation of Monosaccharide Derivatives of Glycyrrhetinic Acid by UDP-Glycosyltransferase GmSGT2 from Glycine max. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8580-8588. [PMID: 32689796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid aglycone, is the major functional component in licorice which mainly exists in the form of functional glycosides in licorice. The introduction of a sugar moiety to the C-3 OH of GA to yield glycosylated derivatives has been reported, but the late-stage glycosylation of GA-3-O-sugar to form rare GA glycosides with more complexed glycosyl decoration has been rarely reported. In this study, a unique UDP-galactosyltransferase GmSGT2 from Glycine max was found to transfer a galactose to the C2 position of the sugar moiety of GA-3-O-monoglucuronide (GAMG) and GA-3-O-monoglucose. In addition to UDP-galactose, GmSGT2 also recognizes UDP-glucose, UDP-xylose, and UDP-arabinose with relative activities of 32.1-89.2%. Based on a test of 12 typical natural products, GmSGT2 showed high specificity toward the pentacyclic triterpenoid skeleton as the sugar acceptor. Molecular docking was performed to elucidate the substrate recognition mechanism of GmSGT2 toward GAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem/Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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155
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Devang N, Adhikari P, Nandini M, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. Effect of licorice on patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphisms- a pilot study. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 12:131-135. [PMID: 32800398 PMCID: PMC7422817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive association of HSD11B1 gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetic conditions has been revealed. In the current study, we assessed the effectiveness of licorice on the clinical profile of the patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphism. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) is a competitive inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) enzyme and has been traditionally reported as an anti-ulcer, anti-pyretic, anti-thirst, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of licorice on the clinical profile of participants with HSD11B1 gene polymorphism. The study was performed using diabetic patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphism. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters were measured using standard diagnostic tools. Fourteen patients were divided into two groups by simple randomization, Licorice group (treated with 750 mg licorice/day for three weeks), and placebo group (treated with 750 mg placebo/day for three weeks). Investigations were repeated at the end of three weeks. Licorice showed a significant reduction in serum insulin levels (p = 0.03). There was no significant change in any other clinical parameters either by licorice or placebo. Conclusively, licorice moderately improves serum insulin levels in patients with HSD11B1 gene polymorphism. From our pilot study, the safety of licorice is confirmed at a dose of 750 mg/day. However, the study can be repeated at a higher dose to show its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Devang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus (P.O.), Calicut, 673601, Kerala, India.
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Nandini
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, 575003, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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156
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Ge X, Meng X, Fei D, Kang K, Wang Q, Zhao M. Lycorine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:369. [PMID: 32818131 PMCID: PMC7395800 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung injury associated with systemic inflammatory response is a common problem affecting human health. Previous studies have shown that lycorine exerts a anti-inflammatory effect. However, whether lycorine alleviates lung injury remains unclear. To explore this issue, BALB/c mice and MLE-12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish lung injury mouse model and cell model, respectively. Glycyrrhizic acid, known as an inhibitor of ALI, was also used to study the effects of lycorine in vitro. Our results showed that after LPS treatment, the lung injury score, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production in the lung tissues and the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased, whereas their levels were decreased by lycorine. Additionally, LPS injection activated the high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptors (TLRs)/NF-κB pathway. However, lycorine treatment attenuated the activity of the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway in the lung tissues. In vitro studies showed that lycorine administration significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines and MDA and attenuated the activity of the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway in LPS-treated cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of lycorine on the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-treated lung cells were similar with that of glycyrrhizic acid, and this inhibition was intensified by both lycorine and glycyrrhizic acid treatment. We suggest that lycorine could alleviate LPS-induced lung injury of inflammation and oxidative stress by blocking the HMGB1/TLRs/NF-κB pathway, which gives a new perspective for ALI therapy to treat lycorine as a potential treatment clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ge
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
- Department of ICU, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianglin Meng
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Fei
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiubo Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi 9th Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Wuxi, 214000 Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Department of ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 23 Youzheng Street, Harbin, 150001 Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
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157
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Bello-Onaghise G, Wang G, Han X, Nsabimana E, Cui W, Yu F, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Cai X, Li Y. Antiviral Strategies of Chinese Herbal Medicine Against PRRSV Infection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1756. [PMID: 32849384 PMCID: PMC7401453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) are gradually becoming an effective alternative in the control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) because most of the commercially available PRRSV vaccines cannot provide full protection against the genetically diverse strains isolated from farms. Besides, the incomplete attenuation procedure involved in the production of modified live vaccines (MLV) may cause them to revert to the more virulence forms. TCMs have shown some promising potentials in bridging this gap. Several investigations have revealed that herbal extracts from TCMs contain molecules with significant antiviral activities against the various stages of the life cycle of PRRSV, and they do this through different mechanisms. They either block PRRSV attachment and entry into cells or inhibits the replication of viral RNA or viral particles assembly and release or act as immunomodulators and pathogenic pathway inhibitors through cytokines regulations. Here, we summarized the various antiviral strategies employed by some TCMs against the different stages of the life cycle of PRRSV under two major classes, including direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and indirect-acting antivirals (IAAs). We highlighted their mechanisms of action. In conclusion, we recommended that in making plans for the use of TCMs to control PRRSV, the pathway forward must be built on a real understanding of the mechanisms by which bioactive compounds exert their effects. This will provide a template that will guide the focus of collaborative studies among researchers in the areas of bioinformatics, chemistry, and proteomics. Furthermore, available data and procedures to support the efficacy, safety, and quality control levels of TCMs should be well documented without any breach of data integrity and good manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- God'spower Bello-Onaghise
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Eliphaz Nsabimana
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqiang Cui
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linguang Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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158
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Kianinia M, Abdoli SM. Efficient Production of Light Olefin Based on Methanol Dehydration: Simulation and Design Improvement. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:581-586. [PMID: 32691703 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200720104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene, propylene, and butylene as light olefins are the most important intermediates in the petrochemical industry worldwide. Methanol to olefins (MTO) process is a new technology based on catalytic cracking to produce ethylene and propylene from methanol. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE This study aims to simulate the process of producing ethylene from methanol by using Aspen HYSYS software from the initial design to the improved design. METHODS Ethylene is produced in a two-step reaction. In an equilibrium reactor, the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether by an equilibrium reaction. The conversion of the produced dimethyl ether to ethylene is done in a conversion reactor. Changes have been made to improve the conditions and get closer to the actual process design carried out in the industry. The plug flow reactor has been replaced by the equilibrium reactor, and the distillation column was employed to separate the dimethyl ether produced from the reactor. RESULT The effect of the various parameters on the ethylene production was investigated. Eventually, ethylene is produced with a purity of 95.5 % in the improved design, and thermal integration was performed to minimize energy consumption. CONCLUSION It was finally found according to the exothermic reaction of the dimethyl ether production, thermal integration in the process reduces the energy consumption in the heater and cooler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Kianinia
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Majid Abdoli
- Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran
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159
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Wang C, Shi D, Zhang F, Yu X, Lin G, Zhou Z. Characterization of binding interaction between magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate and human serum albumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118245. [PMID: 32179463 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is the magnesium salt of 18β-glycyrrhizic acid extracted from licorice, a Chinese traditional medicine. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of MgIG have been widely studied; nevertheless, its target protein and mechanism of action remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of present work was to determine the characteristics of binding between human serum albumin (HSA) and MgIG. The formation of HSA-MgIG complex was studied using spectrometric techniques, LC-MS/MS, and molecular docking calculations. The results of fluorescence study demonstrated the quenching mechanism is definitely static. The negative thermodynamic parameters suggested that the interaction is enthalpically driven and occurs spontaneously. Binding density and probe displacement analysis suggested that MgIG bound to HSA at a single site, determined to be site I. The mean albumin binding rate of MgIG with HSA concentration ranged from 35 to 50 g·L-1 reached 85.6%. Molecular docking analysis revealed the major residues and interaction forces involved in formation of HSA-MgIG complex, corresponding with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Dawei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xuben Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guanyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Ziye Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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160
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Dong X, Zheng F, Liu X, Zhang L, Hu R, Wang L, Hao X, Xue P. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Q-Marker with One Single Reference in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 58:511-519. [PMID: 32266386 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) studies, it is difficult to choose evaluation markers for the strict quality control of herbs. A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with metabolomics for simultaneous quantitative analysis of quality markers (Q-markers) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch was established, which could not only ensure the quality and batch-to-batch consistency of TCMs, but also achieve a quantitative analysis of multi-components by the single reference standard. Based on the construction of chromatographic profiles by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-Q-Exactive/MS methods, different multivariate analyses were employed. Seven quantitative indices were selected as the Q-markers, and a reliable quantification method was established. The quantitative method was acceptable with good linearity with correlation coefficients >0.9993 and satisfactory repeatability (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 0.05%), precision (RSD < 0.24%), reproducibility (RSD < 0.97%), stability (RSD < 2.52%) and recoveries (96.96%-98.52%, RSD < 3.24%), and no significant differences were observed between the external standard method and the new method as determined by calculating standard method difference. Overall, the study suggests that the simultaneous quantitative analysis of main Q-marker in G. uralensis Fisch with one single marker can be considered good quality criteria for performing quality control of G. uralensis Fisch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Fangyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Lianju Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Rongqin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Lingcheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Xiaoyun Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
| | - Peifeng Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot 010100, China
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161
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Ali Z, Hawwal M, Ahmed MMA, Avula B, Chittiboyina AG, Li J, Wu C, Taylor C, Chan YM, Khan IA. Licochalcone L, an undescribed retrochalcone from Glycyrrhiza inflata roots. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:200-206. [PMID: 32498569 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1775229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin is among the three glycyrrhizin producing Glycyrrhiza species and can be distinguished from other species with regard to its retrochalcone contents. Seven retrochalcones, echinatin and licochalcones A, C, D, E, K, and L were isolated and characterized from the chloroform extract of G. inflata roots. Among the isolates, licochalcone L was found to be previously undescribed. Structure elucidation of these specialised metabolites was achieved through NMR and mass spectroscopic data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Mohammed Hawwal
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M A Ahmed
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Charles Wu
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cassandra Taylor
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yen-Ming Chan
- Botanical Review Team, Science Staff, Immediate Office, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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162
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Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of bioflavonoids from Albizia myriophylla bark using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2107-2117. [PMID: 32431337 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioflavonoids are of great interest due to their health-benefitting properties and possible protection against certain types of diseases. A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was investigated for maximum retention of total bioflavonoids from Albizia myriophylla bark (AMB). Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design were employed for obtaining the best possible combination of MAE process parameters including microwave power (400-900 W), liquid/solid ratio (20-40 ml/g), extraction time (20-40 min) and ethanol concentration (60-100%). Optimum conditions of extraction under which predicted maximum bioflavonoids yield of 152.74 mg QE/g DW and antioxidant activity of 75.33% in close proximity with the experimental values were: microwave power 728 W, liquid/solid ratio 24.70 ml/g, extraction time 39.86 min and ethanol concentration 70.36%. Satisfactory statistical parameters (R2), ANOVA for the model and lack-of-fit testing provided an adequate mathematical description of the MAE of bioflavonoids with high antioxidant activity. Therefore, MAE of AMB using RSM could be termed as a time-saving and an efficient method resulting to high yield with increased antioxidant activity. Also, HPLC analysis of AMB revealed the presence of bioflavonoids viz., naringin, quercetin and apigenin; which may be further extensively studied for use as therapeutics against various health issues.
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163
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Shi X, Yu L, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu P, Du P. Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviates hepatic inflammation injury in viral hepatitis disease via a HMGB1-TLR4 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106578. [PMID: 32416454 PMCID: PMC7205693 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Licorice defect in TCM recipes leads to the hepatotoxicity in administrated mice. GA inhibits viral hepatitis by suppressing HMGB1 release and cytokine activity. GA treatment effect on infected mice is similar with HMGB1 neutralizing antibody. HMGB1-TLR4 axis is involved in murine hepatic injury during MHV infection.
Various human disorders are cured by the use of licorice, a key ingredient of herbal remedies. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL), a triterpenoid glycoside, is the aqueous extract from licorice root. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has been reported to be a major bioactive hydrolysis product of GL and has been regarded as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases, including hepatitis. However, the mechanism by which GA inhibits viral hepatic inflammatory injury is not completely understood. In this study, we found that, by consecutively treating mice with a traditional herbal recipe, licorice plays an important role in the detoxification of mice. We also employed a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) infection model to illustrate that GA treatment inhibited activation of hepatic inflammatory responses by blocking high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) cytokine activity. Furthermore, decreased HMGB1 levels and downstream signaling triggered by injection of a neutralizing HMGB1 antibody or TLR4 gene deficiency, also significantly protected against MHV-induced severe hepatic injury. Thus, our findings characterize GA as a hepatoprotective therapy agent in hepatic infectious disease not only by suppressing HMGB1 release and blocking HMGB1 cytokine activity, but also via an underlying viral-induced HMGB1-TLR4 immunological regulation axis that occurs during the cytokine storm. The present study provides a new therapy strategy for the treatment of acute viral hepatitis in the clinical setting.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Cytokines/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacology
- Glycyrrhetinic Acid/therapeutic use
- Glycyrrhiza
- HMGB1 Protein/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/genetics
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Murine hepatitis virus
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China.
| | - Lijia Yu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yinglin Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Zequan Liu
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- National Center for Occupational Safety and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peishuang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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164
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Parlar A, Arslan SO, Çam SA. Glabridin Alleviates Inflammation and Nociception in Rodents by Activating BK Ca Channels and Reducing NO Levels. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:884-897. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Parlar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman
| | | | - Saliha Ayşenur Çam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit
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165
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Xu YY, Wang DM, Liang HS, Liu ZH, Li JX, Wang MJ, Chen XM, Balak DMW, Radstake TRDJ, Huang RY, Lu CJ. The Role of Th17/Treg Axis in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention on Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:535-558. [PMID: 32345031 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Th17/Treg axis plays a crucial role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) and might represent an interesting drug target of treatment strategy for these diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the modulation of Th17/Treg axis, but a comprehensive overview which summarizes this field hitherto is lacked. This paper performs a systematic literature review of the regulatory effects of TCM on the imbalance of Th17/Treg axis and its potential mechanisms. In addition, the frequency analysis and network pharmacology for the collected TCM herbs from clinical trial data were performed. The studies reported the changes in the ratio of Th17 and/or Treg cells as well as their transcription factor and related cytokines were included. Frequency analysis of composition of the 39 assessed TCM prescriptions showed that Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus (5.20%), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (3.67%), Paeonia obovate (3.06%), Salvia digitaloides (3.06%), and Angelica sinensis (2.75%) were the top five herbal components, which were closely associated to the treatment of IMID. Network pharmacology showed that six target proteins (transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor type-1, TGF-beta receptor type-2, retineic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma (ROR-gamma), TGFB2, IL-17 and IL-2, respectively) might be involved in the regulatory effects of TCM on Th17/Treg axis. Moreover, there were nine active ingredients (including Oxymatrine, Baicalin, Triptolide, Paeoniflorin, Sinomenine, Celastrol, Emodin, Diosgenin and Chlorogenic acid) originating from TCM reported to have an immunological regulation effect on the Th17/Treg axis. The highlight of this systematic review is to reveal the pharmacological basis of TCM treating IMID and is helpful for supporting future pharmacologic-driven studies. Further research elucidates the immune-modulating mechanisms on Th17/Treg axis by TCM might provide a broader insight for the treatment of IMID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yue Xu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Sheng Liang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Hao Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Xia Li
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Jie Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Xiu-Min Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Deepak M W Balak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Run-Yue Huang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese, Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese, Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
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166
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Wang H, Ge X, Qu H, Wang N, Zhou J, Xu W, Xie J, Zhou Y, Shi L, Qin Z, Jiang Z, Yin W, Xia J. Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2853-2861. [PMID: 32425599 PMCID: PMC7187946 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s244481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the main active ingredient extracted from Chinese herb licorice root, and it shows anti-tumor effects in many cancer types, while its role in gastric cancer (GC) is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GA on GC cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods The anti-proliferation effect of GA on GC cells was assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, and EdU assay. The effects of GA on cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometer. Western blotting was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results Our results showed that GA had a time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on proliferation of GC cells. Flow cytometer analysis demonstrated that GA would lead to G1/S-phase arrest and apoptosis. GA treatment down-regulated the levels of G1 phase-related proteins, including cyclin D1, D2, D3, E1, and E2. In terms of apoptosis, GA treatment up-regulated the levels of Bax, cleaved PARP, and pro-caspase-3, -8, -9, but did not influence their cleavage patterns. The expression of Bcl-2, survivin and p65 was attenuated after treatment. Besides, GA would down-regulate the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion This study focused on inhibitory effect of GA on GC cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Several important cyclins- and apoptosis-related proteins were involved in the regulation of GA to GC cells, and phosphorylated PI3K and AKT were attenuated. The results of this study indicated that GA is a potential and promising anti-cancer drug for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Ge
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiheng Qu
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Research Centre for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Qin
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Yin
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Clinical College Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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167
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Natural Chalcones in Chinese Materia Medica: Licorice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3821248. [PMID: 32256642 PMCID: PMC7102474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3821248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is an important Chinese materia medica frequently used in clinical practice, which contains more than 20 triterpenoids and 300 flavonoids. Chalcone, one of the major classes of flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities and is widely distributed in nature. To date, about 42 chalcones have been isolated and identified from licorice. These chalcones play a pivotal role when licorice exerts its pharmacological effects. According to the research reports, these compounds have a wide range of biological activities, containing anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antiviral, antidiabetic, antidepressive, hepatoprotective activities, and so on. This review aims to summarize structures and biological activities of chalcones from licorice. We hope that this work can provide a theoretical basis for the further studies of chalcones from licorice.
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168
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Yang L, Zhao X. Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Acute Guillain-barré Syndrome Treatment. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:38-47. [PMID: 32161685 PMCID: PMC7053400 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a worldwide demyelinating polyradiculopathy and polyneuropathy. Currently, there is no specific drug for GBS, and established treatment is generally based on immune-modulating treatment with plasma exchange or intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with supportive care. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of integrated Chinese and Western medicine for acute GBS treatment. Methods We enrolled 73 subjects, and randomly divided them into two groups: 35 cases in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, and 28 in the Control group. The Control group was treated with the common Western medicine for one month; and the TCM group was administrated with one month of common treatment combined with TCM medication. Results Compared to the controls, TCM significantly enhanced the treatment efficiency in symptom expression, including the TCM syndrome score, the activity of daily living score, Hughes functional score and sensory dysfunction assessment. The total effective rate of the TCM group was 94.29%, significantly better than controls (78.59%). Moreover, TCM provide better improvement in motor nerve conduction functions (distal motor latency and motor conduction velocity) and sensory nerve conduction functions (sensory conduction velocity and sensory nerve action potential) in median nerve, ulnar nerve, and common fibular nerve. Conclusion When combined with TCM administration, the GBS treatment could acquire better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Dunlu Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China
| | - Xiumin Zhao
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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169
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El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, El-Mleeh A, M. Abdel-Daim M, Prasad Devkota H. Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae). Biomolecules 2020; 10:E352. [PMID: 32106571 PMCID: PMC7175350 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional herbal remedies have been attracting attention as prospective alternative resources of therapy for diverse diseases across many nations. In recent decades, medicinal plants have been gaining wider acceptance due to the perception that these plants, as natural products, have fewer side effects and improved efficacy compared to their synthetic counterparts. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Licorice) is a small perennial herb that has been traditionally used to treat many diseases, such as respiratory disorders, hyperdipsia, epilepsy, fever, sexual debility, paralysis, stomach ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, hemorrhagic diseases, and jaundice. Moreover, chemical analysis of the G. glabra extracts revealed the presence of several organic acids, liquirtin, rhamnoliquirilin, liquiritigenin, prenyllicoflavone A, glucoliquiritin apioside, 1-metho-xyphaseolin, shinpterocarpin, shinflavanone, licopyranocoumarin, glisoflavone, licoarylcoumarin, glycyrrhizin, isoangustone A, semilicoisoflavone B, licoriphenone, and 1-methoxyficifolinol, kanzonol R and several volatile components. Pharmacological activities of G. glabra have been evaluated against various microorganisms and parasites, including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and Plasmodium falciparum, and completely eradicated P. yoelii parasites. Additionally, it shows antioxidant, antifungal, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. The current review examined the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetics, and toxic activities of G. glabra extracts as well as its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Menofia Governorate 32511, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan;
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170
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Kim TM, Kim KH, Jo JH, Park J, Kwon YS, Yang JH. Hepatoprotective effect of a novel lactic acid-fermented garlic extract functional food product against acute liver injury. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:1012-1019. [PMID: 32148809 PMCID: PMC7020270 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid-fermented garlic extract (LAFGE) has been shown to have hepatoprotective role in liver diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new LAFGE-based hepatoprotective functional food product (named D-18-007) formulated with other additive components, including l-arginine, l-ornithine, and the leaf extract of licorice and artichoke. In a rat model of d-galactosamine(GalN)/LPS-induced liver injury, the survival was significantly higher in animals treated with D-18-007 than in animals treated with LAFGE. The hepatic injury was alleviated by either LAFGE or D-18-007, but the overall effect was more significant in D-18-007, as shown by the necrosis, histology, and serum analyses. Also, the decrease in GalN/LPS-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver tissue was more significant in D-18-007 than LAFGE. The decrease in IL-6 protein in the liver was similar between LAFGE and D-18-007. Moreover, we compared the amount of the bile in normal animals and found that D-18-007 has better choleretic activity than LAFGE. Using this acute liver injury model, our results suggest that D-18-007 has an enhanced hepatoprotective effect in acute liver injury compared with LAFGE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Min Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Institutes of Green‐Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Ki Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Jeong Hyun Jo
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
- Institutes of Green‐Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
| | - Yong Sam Kwon
- Research CenterDong‐A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.YonginKorea
| | - Je Hoon Yang
- Laboratory Animal Research CenterSamsung Medical CenterSeoulKorea
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171
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Thakur V, Sadanandan J, Chattopadhyay M. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Signaling in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030881. [PMID: 32019145 PMCID: PMC7036925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic and more than 50% diabetic patients are also diagnosed with neuropathy, which greatly affects the quality of life of the patients. Available treatments are not always successful due to the limited efficacy and complications, such as addiction and dependency. Studies have implicated that high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) protein plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic conditions. HMGB1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that can be released from necrotic cells in passive form or in response to inflammatory signals as an active form. HMGB1 is the ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and toll-like receptors, (TLR)-2 and TLR4, which also indirectly activates C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). We investigated whether blocking of HMGB1 can reduce pain and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic animals to further understand the role of HMGB1 in diabetic neuropathy. Type 2 diabetic rats and mice were treated with natural inhibitor of HMGB1, glycyrrhizin (GLC) for five days/week for four weeks at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day by intraperitoneal injection. The animals were divided into three categories: naïve control, diabetic alone, diabetic with GLC treatment. All of the behavioral analyses were conducted before and after the treatment. The expression of inflammatory markers and changes in histone acetylation in the peripheral nervous system were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis after the completion of the treatment. Our study revealed that TLR4, HMGB1, CXCR4, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) levels were increased in the spinal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons of Type 2 diabetic mice and rats with painful neuropathy. GLC treatment inhibited the increases in TLR4, NLRP3, and CXCR4 expressions and improved the mechanical and thermal pain threshold in these animals. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that hyperglycemia mediated inflammation influenced HMGB1 acetylation and its release from the neurons. It also altered histone 3 acetylation in the microglial cells. The inhibition of HMGB1 by GLC prevented the release of HMGB1 as well as H3K9 acetylation. These findings indicate that the interruption of HMGB1 mediated inflammation could ameliorate diabetic neuropathy and might exhibit a unique target for the treatment.
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Aipire A, Mahabati M, Cai S, Wei X, Yuan P, Aimaier A, Wang X, Li J. The immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8294. [PMID: 32030319 PMCID: PMC6995267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enhancement of immunity is very important for immunocompromised patients such as cancer patients with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been used as food and medicine for a long history. G. uralensis polysaccharides (GUPS) were prepared and its immunostimulatory effects were investigated. Methods Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and murine bone marrow-derived DCs were treated with different concentrations of GUPS. The DCs maturation and cytokine production were analyzed by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Inhibitors and Western blot were used to study the mechanism of GUPS. The immunostimulatory effects of GUPS were further evaluated by naïve mouse model and immunosuppressive mouse model induced by cyclophosphamide. Results GUPS significantly promoted the maturation and cytokine secretion of human monocyte-derived DCs and murine bone marrow-derived DCs through TLR4 and down-stream p38, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Interestingly, the migration of GUPS treated-DCs to lymph node was increased. In the mouse model, GUPS increased IL-12 production in sera but not for TNF-α. Moreover, GUPS ameliorated the side effect of cyclophosphamide and improved the immunity of immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide. These results suggested that GUPS might be used for cancer therapy to ameliorate the side effect of chemotherapy and enhance the immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mahepali Mahabati
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xianxian Wei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Alimu Aimaier
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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173
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Wang H, Shan H, Lü H. Preparative separation of liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch using hydrolytic extraction combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4788. [PMID: 31899545 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper was to develop a preparative method for the isolation and purification of liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch using hydrolytic extraction combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid were well hydrolyzed from liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid by hydrochloric acid, respectively. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by single-factor and orthogonal experiments, which were 100% ethanol, 1.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid, 1:25 ratio of solid to liquid, and extracted 2 h for one time. Using the two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (4:5:4:5, v/v), 2.1 mg liquiritigenin (the purity was 96.5% with a recovery of 87.6%) and 12.3 mg glycyrrhetic acid (the purity was 97.1% with a recovery of 74.4%) were obtained from 315-mg crude extraction by HSCCC. The retention ratio of stationary phase was 47.2%. Their structures were identified by HPLC, melting points, UV, Fourier-transform infrared, Electrospray ionization-MS, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 13 C NMR spectra. According to the antioxidant activity assays, liquiritigenin and glycyrrhetic acid had some scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals; liquiritigenin had stronger scavenging ability on hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lü
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P. R. China
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174
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Ghaemi H, Masoompour SM, Afsharypuor S, Mosaffa-Jahromi M, Pasalar M, Ahmadi F, Niknahad H. The effectiveness of a traditional Persian medicine preparation in the treatment of chronic cough: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 49:102324. [PMID: 32147070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The roots and rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) are used in traditional Persian medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases. A chronic cough is a non-specific reaction to irritation anywhere in the respiratory system. It usually lasts for more than eight weeks. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of a modified traditional Persian medicine preparation, licorice pastille, in healing a chronic cough. METHODS Through a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in a respiratory disease clinic in Shiraz, Iran; between October 2016 and December 2017. Seventy participants with a chronic cough took part in the trial. The outcome measures were as the daily cough scores (the score being logged via patient symptoms, diary, and the visual analogue scale) and the quality of life measure of chronic cough according to the Leicester Cough Questionnaire. RESULTS At baseline, there were no significant differences in the demographic or clinical (cough score) characteristics between the two groups. There was complete adherence to protocol in both groups but, the drop-out rate was 4 patients in the placebo and 6 ones in the intervention groups. The results at the end of the trial (Week 2) and follow-up (Week 4) demonstrated the efficacy of the licorice pastille in terms of the cough severity score against the placebo group. This item showed a significant decrease in the intervention group (1.2 ± 0.93) comparing to the placebo one (1.8 ± 1.03) at follow-up time. No major side effects were reported during the study and follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS Licorice pastille could be a promising choice in the treatment of a chronic cough of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ghaemi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoom Masoompour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Suleiman Afsharypuor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mosaffa-Jahromi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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175
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Baihu Jia Guizhi Decoction Improves Rheumatoid Arthritis Inflammation by Regulating Succinate/SUCNR1 Metabolic Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3258572. [PMID: 31949465 PMCID: PMC6948314 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3258572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis. Succinate is an inflammatory metabolic signal that exacerbates RA synovitis by activating succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) to amplify the release of IL-1β. Thus, inhibition of succinate activation of SUCRN1 could be an effective method to inhibit the inflammation of RA. Baihu Jia Guizhi decoction (BHGZ), which is composed of Gypsum Fibrosum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge., Cinnamomum cassia Presl., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and Oryza sativa L., is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescription used to treat RA in clinic. In addition, TCM believes that damp and heat environment is one of the causes of RA. In this study, we tested the role of damp and heat environments in exacerbating RA inflammation and the anti-inflammatory effect of BHGZ, based on succinate/SUCNR1/IL-1β pathway in the adjuvant arthritis (AA) model with damp and heat environment (AA + DHE). Results showed that paw swelling and synovial pathology were significantly increased in AA rats, and these results were aggravated by stimulation in damp and heat environment. BHGZ improved AA + DHE rats' paw swelling, synovial hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced IL-1β. In addition, AA rats significantly increased the expression of SUCNR1, and the stimulation of damp and heat environment not only increased the expression of SUCNR1 but also promoted the accumulation of succinate. BHGZ simultaneously reduced the concentration of succinate and the expression of SUCNR1. Finally, SDH activity was decreased in AA rats and AA + DHE rats, while BHGZ increased SDH activity and then reduced succinate concentration. Therefore, we prove that damp and heat environment deteriorated the inflammation of RA which is the activation of succinate/SUCNR1 pathway, while BHGZ regulates SDH activity to reduce the accumulation of succinate and inhibit the activation of SUCNR1 that is the underlying mechanism of its treatment of RA.
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Zhang E, Yin S, Zhao S, Zhao C, Yan M, Fan L, Hu H. Protective effects of glycycoumarin on liver diseases. Phytother Res 2019; 34:1191-1197. [PMID: 31840883 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Licorice, an edible and medicinal plant, has long been used to treat various diseases, including liver diseases. Glycycoumarin (GCM) is a representative coumarin compound in licorice with favorable bioavailability feature. Recent studies by us demonstrated that GCM is highly effective against alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, and liver cancer through mechanisms involved in activation of Nrf2 antioxidant system, stimulation of AMPK-mediated energy homeostasis, induction of autophagy degradation process, and inhibiting oncogenic kinase T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase activity. In this review, we summarize the findings on the hepatoprotective effect of GCM, discuss the signaling pathways underlying GCM-induced protective effect on liver diseases, and propose the issues that need to be addressed to promote further development of GCM as a clinically useful hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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177
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Cui Y, Yang H, Jing J, Liu T, Wang R, Di F, Han F, Zhao Y, Yu Z. Rapid characterization of chemical constituents of Gansuibanxia decoction by UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 179:113029. [PMID: 31835125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gansuibanxia decoction (GSBXD) is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is a herbal formula used for treating hydrops, such as cancerous ascites, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, etc. However, the chemical constituents of GSBXD were still unclear. In this study, an UHPLC-FT-ICR-MS method was established and applied to the separation and characterization of the chemical constituents of GSBXD. A total of 62 components were chemically defined or tentatively identified, including diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, monoterpene glycosides and alkaloids. The results is meaningful for a better understanding of the material basis of GSBXD and can be the basis for its further in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jixue Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, North Huanghe Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Roujia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fuyu Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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178
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Bioactive Candy: Effects of Licorice on the Cardiovascular System. Foods 2019; 8:foods8100495. [PMID: 31615045 PMCID: PMC6836258 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice, today chiefly utilized as a flavoring additive in tea, tobacco and candy, is one of the oldest used herbs for medicinal purposes and consists of up to 300 active compounds. The main active constituent of licorice is the prodrug glycyrrhizin, which is successively converted to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (3MGA) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestines. Despite many reported health benefits, 3MGA and GA inhibit the 11-β-hydrogenase type II enzyme (11β-HSD2) oxidizing cortisol to cortisone. Through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors, high cortisol levels induce a mild form of apparent mineralocorticoid excess in the kidney and increase systemic vascular resistance. Continuous inhibition of 11β-HSD2 related to excess licorice consumption will create a state of hypernatremia, hypokalemia and increased fluid volume, which can cause serious life-threatening complications especially in patients already suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Two recent meta-analyses of 18 and 26 studies investigating the correlation between licorice intake and blood pressure revealed statistically significant increases both in systolic (5.45 mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure (3.19/1.74 mmHg). This review summarizes and evaluates current literature about the acute and chronic effects of licorice ingestion on the cardiovascular system with special focus on blood pressure. Starting from the molecular actions of licorice (metabolites) inside the cells, it describes how licorice intake is affecting the human body and shows the boundaries between the health benefits of licorice and possible harmful effects.
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179
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Shen F, Wu W, Zhang M, Ma X, Cui Q, Tang Z, Huang H, Tong T, Yau L, Jiang Z, Hou Y, Bai G. Micro-PET Imaging Demonstrates 3- O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl Platycodigenin as an Effective Metabolite Affects Permeability of Cell Membrane and Improves Dosimetry of [ 18F]-Phillygenin in Lung Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1020. [PMID: 31572193 PMCID: PMC6753856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum, as a traditional medicinal plant, is commonly used in the treatment of pulmonary disease. Platycodon saponins are proposed as active ingredients. However, the role of secondary saponin metabolites (SSM) in the traditional use of Platycodon has not yet been fully clarified. In this study, [18F]-phillygenin ([18F]-PH) probe was synthesized and thereby used as a tracer for micro-positron emission tomography scanning to explore the effects of platycodon saponins. The membrane permeability with different SSM was evaluated in vitro based on the dye-carrying capacity of fluorescein isothiocyanate. The results showed that total platycodon saponins improved the dosimetry of [18F]-PH in the lung tissue, and an SSM named 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl platycodigenin (GPD682) appreciably changed the distribution of drugs both in vitro and in vivo. We propose that GPD682 could be utilized as an important ingredient to help drug delivery to the lung tissue and improve the treatment of respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Tiantian Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Leefong Yau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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180
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Ye JT, Dai YK, Li DY, Zhang YZ, Huang MX, Chen WJ, Li RL, Hu L. Efficacy of Jianpi Liqi therapy for functional dyspepsia: A meta-analysis of randomized, positive medicine-controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16607. [PMID: 31415353 PMCID: PMC6831318 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of Jianpi Liqi therapy (JLT), a traditional Chinese medicine therapy, in treating functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS We systematically searched 13 databases from their inception to 15th, May 2019. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared JLT medicine with conventional pharmacotherapy (CP) in treating patients with FD. Cochrane Collaboration tool, Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 11.0, GRADE profiler 3.6 were used for evaluating risk of bias, analyzing, and assessing quality of evidence respectively. RESULTS After exclusions, 15 RCTs including a total of 1451 participants were included for analysis. We found evidence that JLT had better efficacy than CP (domperidone, omeprazole, esomeprazole, mosapride, lansoprazole, compound digestive enzymes, lactasin tablets) for FD (OR 0.34; 95% CI 0.26, 0.45; P < .00001). Moreover, JLT had more improvement on symptoms including abdominal pain, abdominal distention, early satiety, belching, poor appetite, and fatigue compared with CP. In addition, serious adverse events were not observed in treatment courses. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggested that JLT appears to have better efficacy in treating FD compared with CP. It may be an effective and safe therapy option for patients with FD. Though, more large-sample and strictly designed RCTs are needed to confirm our findings.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019133241.
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181
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Maria Pia GD, Sara F, Mario F, Lorenza S. Biological Effects of Licochalcones. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:647-656. [PMID: 30049263 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180601095420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their natural bioactive molecules, are evaluated as the foundation for health preservation and care of humanity. The licorice root, known as "Radix Glycyrrhizae", is a perennial plant that comes from Mediterranean countries, central to southern Russia, Asia, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. The licorice root has been used in traditional Chinese medicines for centuries and has been defined as "the progenitor of herbs". The name 'Licorice' is derived from the ancient Greek word Glukurrhiza, meaning 'sweet root'. It consists of approximately 30 species, however, the most common ones consist of Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Glycyrrhiza Inflata. In addition, the licorice root contains chalcones, which are a part of an important class of natural products and are precursors of flavonoids. Chemically, chalcones are composed of two aromatic rings associated with α, β-unsaturated α-carbon ketone, representing the prima nucleus of the structure. They have been classified, according to chemical structures, in Licochalcone A, B, C, D, E, F and G. This review aims to highlight all the in vitro and in vivo studies that have been conducted on the licochalcones, extracted from Glycyrrhiza species. The main effects are as follows: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiallergic, antidiabetic, hepatotoxic and osteogenic. It is important to implement the introduction of biologically active natural molecules from the bench (research) to the bedside (clinical practice). However, in the future, it is required to conduct additional studies to validate these biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatta Daniela Maria Pia
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Franceschelli Sara
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Felaco Mario
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Speranza Lorenza
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti 66100, Italy
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182
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Systems Pharmacology and Microbiome Dissection of Shen Ling Bai Zhu San Reveal Multiscale Treatment Strategy for IBD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8194804. [PMID: 31341536 PMCID: PMC6612409 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8194804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Generally, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused by psychology, genes, environment, and gut microbiota. Therefore, IBD therapy should be improved to utilize multiple strategies. Shen Ling Bai Zhu San (SLBZS) adheres to the aim of combating complex diseases from an integrative and holistic perspective, which is effective for IBD therapy. Herein, a systems pharmacology and microbiota approach was developed for these molecular mechanisms exemplified by SLBZS. First, by systematic absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion (ADME) analysis, potential active compounds and their corresponding direct targets were retrieved. Then, the network relationships among the active compounds, targets, and disease were built to deduce the pharmacological actions of the drug. Finally, an “IBD pathway” consisting of several regulatory modules was proposed to dissect the therapeutic effects of SLBZS. In addition, the effects of SLBZS on gut microbiota were evaluated through analysis of the V3-V4 region and multivariate statistical methods. SLBZS significantly shifted the gut microbiota structure in a rat model. Taken together, we found that SLBZS has multidimensionality in the regulation of IBD-related physiological processes, which provides new sights into herbal medicine for the treatment of IBD.
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183
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Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin Induce Melanogenesis via Enhancement of p38 and PKA Signaling Pathways. MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6020068. [PMID: 31234488 PMCID: PMC6631415 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Liquiritin (LQ) and its aglycone, liquiritigenin (LQG), are major flavonoids in licorice root (Glycyrrhiza spp.). Our preliminary screening identified LQ and LQG, which promote melanin synthesis in the melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of melanin synthesis activated by LQ and LQG. Methods: Murine (B16-F1) and human (HMVII) melanoma cell lines were treated with LQ or LQG. After incubation, melanin contents, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and cell viability were evaluated. Protein levels were determined using Western blotting. Results: LQ and LQG activated melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity. The induction of melanin and intracellular tyrosinase activity by LQG was higher than that by LQ. LQ and LQG induced the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. LQ and LQG also enhanced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt, was significantly increased by LQ or LQG. Furthermore, LQ- or LQG-mediated melanin synthesis was partially blocked by p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor (H-89); however, ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) had no effect. Conclusions: The results suggest that LQ and LQG enhance melanin synthesis by upregulating the expression of melanogenic enzymes, which were activated by p38 and PKA signaling pathways, leading to MITF expression and CREB phosphorylation.
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Computational and Biological Comparisons of Plant Steroids as Modulators of Inflammation through Interacting with Glucocorticoid Receptor. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:3041438. [PMID: 31263381 PMCID: PMC6556784 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3041438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the usefulness of glucocorticoids, they may cause hazardous side effects that limit their use. Searching for compounds that are as equally efficient as glucocorticoids, but with less side effects, the current study compared plant steroids, namely, glycyrrhetinic acid, guggulsterone, boswellic acid, withaferin A, and diosgenin with the classical glucocorticoid, fluticasone. This was approached both in silico using molecular docking against glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and in vivo in two different animal models. All tested compounds interacted with GR, but only boswellic acid and withaferin A showed docking results comparable to fluticasone, as well as similar in vivo anti-inflammatory effects, by significantly decreasing serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. In addition, both compounds significantly decreased the percent of change in ear weight in croton oil-induced ear edema in mice and the granuloma weight in cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats, to levels comparable to that of fluticasone. Both boswellic acid and withaferin A had no effect on adrenal index, but only withaferin A significantly increased the thymus index. In conclusion, boswellic acid may have comparable anti-inflammatory effects to fluticasone with fewer side effects.
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Jing L, Su S, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu D, Ge R. Srolo Bzhtang, a traditional Tibetan medicine formula, inhibits cigarette smoke induced airway inflammation and muc5ac hypersecretion via suppressing IL-13/STAT6 signaling pathway in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 235:424-434. [PMID: 30731182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Srolo Bzhtang (SBT), a traditional Tibetan medicine formula, was composed of three herbs, Solms-Laubachia eurycarpa, Bergenia purpurascens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and one lac, and was first documented in the ancient Tibetan medical work Four Medical Tantras (rGyud-bzhi) in the eighth century AD. It has been widely used to treat lung "phlegm-heat" syndromes such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential influences of aqueous extract of SBT on airway inflammation and mucus secretion and to reveal the underlying mechanism in a rat model of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced chronic bronchitis (CB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided to six groups: control (room air exposure), model (CS exposure), DEX (CS exposure and 0.2 mg/kg/day dexamethasone), and three SBT (CS exposure and 1.67, 2.50, and 3.34 g/kg/day SBT) groups. DEX and the three doses of SBT were administered by oral gavage every day for eight weeks. Pathological changes and mucus expression in the lung tissue were determined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) and immunohistochemical staining. The levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed by ELISA. Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to explore the effects of SBT on the expression of IL-13, STAT6 and MUC5AC. RESULTS Pretreatment with SBT attenuated the TNF-α, IL-8, IL-13 expression levels in BALF and the inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchial walls and peribronchial lung tissue. SBT exhibited a dose-dependent downregulation of MUC5AC expression as assessed by AB-PAS and immunohistochemical staining. The protein and mRNA levels of IL-13, STAT6/p-STAT6 and MUC5AC were also downregulated by SBT preconditioning. CONCLUSION These results for the first time demonstrated that SBT exhibited protective effects on CS-induced airway inflammation and MUC5AC hypersecretion, which might be related to the downregulation of the IL-13/STAT6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Jing
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810003, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China.
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China.
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186
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Liu W, Huang S, Li Y, Zhang K, Zheng X. Suppressive effect of glycyrrhizic acid against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in C57 mice via toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1516. [PMID: 31073286 PMCID: PMC6495270 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA), a major active ingredient enriched in the roots of licorice, possesses well-confirmed anti-inflammatory effects. Objective To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of GA against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic neuroinflammation and memory impairment. Design We explored to investigate the effects of GA on neuroinflammation and memory impairment in an LPS-induced Alzheimer’s mouse model. Results Data of micro-PET/CT imaging and morris water maze test suggested that GA, when administrated orally, could reverse LPS-induced abnormalized glucose intake and metabolism in the brain and alleviate LPS-induced memory loss and cognitive defects in mice. Histological and immunohistochemical staining results revealed that GA treatment suppressed overexpressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of IL-1 β and TNF-α in the brain of C57 mice by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway activation. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GA may be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,International Healthycare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen, China
| | - Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglian Li
- School of Eco-environment Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China.,Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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187
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Natural products in licorice for the therapy of liver diseases: Progress and future opportunities. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:210-226. [PMID: 31022523 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases related complications represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide, creating a substantial economic burden. Oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and dysregulated energy metabolism significantly contributed to liver diseases. Therefore, discovery of novel therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver diseases are urgently required. Licorice is one of the most commonly used herbal drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of liver diseases and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Various bioactive components have been isolated and identified from the licorice, including glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritigenin, Isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A, and glycycoumarin. Emerging evidence suggested that these natural products relieved liver diseases and prevented DILI through multi-targeting therapeutic mechanisms, including anti-steatosis, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer, and drug-drug interactions. In the current review, we summarized the recent progress in the research of hepatoprotective and toxic effects of different licorice-derived bioactive ingredients and also highlighted the potency of these compounds as promising therapeutic options for the treatment of liver diseases and DILI. We also outlined the networks of underlying molecular signaling pathways. Further pharmacology and toxicology research will contribute to the development of natural products in licorice and their derivatives as medicines with alluring prospect in the clinical application.
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188
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Lu YY, Chen JF, Song JY, Du ZY, Wang JL, Qian Y, Jiang Y, Guo XY, Tu PF. Pharmacokinetics study of 16 representative components from Baoyuan Decoction in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS with a large-volume direct injection method. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:148-157. [PMID: 30668317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baoyuan decoction (BYD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, is clinically used for the treatment of aplastic anemia, chronic renal failure, coronary heart disease, etc. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a large-volume direct injection liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of 16 representative flavonoids and saponins in rat plasma after oral administration of BYD. METHODS The rat plasma sample was injected directly into a pre-column, which was eluted firstly by 0.05% formic acid in water. Then, the accumulated components were eluted from the pre-column and transferred into a Waters BEH C18 column with acetonitrile and water system (contain 0.05% formic acid) as the mobile phase at a rate of 0.3 ml/min. The detection was accomplished in a negative mode using the schedule multiple-reaction monitoring (sMRM). RESULTS The correlation coefficients for calibration curves were all higher than 0.9920 for formononetin, ononin, calycosin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin apioside, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rg1 and astragaloside. The intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD) and accuracy (RE) for the investigated components were in the range of -10.9 to 13.7%. The average recoveries were in the range of 75.7-108.6%. This method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of 16 compounds of BYD in rats. The absorption and elimination rates of the representative saponins were significantly slower than most of the targeted-flavonoids after oral administration of BYD in rats. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the large-volume direct injection LC-MS method provided a rapid and efficient approach for multi-components pharmacokinetics of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Arora P, Wani ZA, Ahmad T, Sultan P, Gupta S, Riyaz-Ul-Hassan S. Community structure, spatial distribution, diversity and functional characterization of culturable endophytic fungi associated with Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:373-383. [PMID: 31053326 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 266 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from 1019 tissue segments of Glycyrrhiza glabra collected from four different locations in the North-Western Himalayas. The endophytes grouped into 21 genera and 38 different taxa. The host had strong affinity for the genus Phoma, followed by Fusarium. The species richness was highest at the sub-tropical location, followed by the sub-temperate location and the temperate locations, respectively. The tissue specificity of endophytes was also evident. Some endophytes showed potential antimicrobial activity against phyto-pathogens indicating that they may be helpful to the host in evading pathogens. All the endophytic taxa produced the plant growth promoting hormone, indole acetic acid (IAA), though in varying concentrations. None of these endophytes caused any symptoms of disease in co-cultivation with the tissue cultured plants. Further, all the endophytes had a positive influence on the phenolic and flavonoid content of the host. Three endophytes, Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Bionectria sp. and Aspergillus terreus also increased the host root (rhizome) and shoot growth visibly. Such endophytes are potential candidates for developing endophyte-based technologies for sustainable cultivation and enhanced productivity of G. glabra. This is the first report of community structure and biological properties of fungal endophytes associated with G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Arora
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Zahoor A Wani
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Phalisteen Sultan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Suphla Gupta
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India
| | - Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu (J&K), 180001, India.
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Namavar Jahromi B, Farrokhnia F, Tanideh N, Vijayananda Kumar P, Parsanezhad ME, Alaee S. Comparing The Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root Extract, A Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib) and A Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog (Diphereline) in A Rat Model of Endometriosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2019; 13:45-50. [PMID: 30644244 PMCID: PMC6334018 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2019.5446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice), a cyclooxyge-
nase-2 inhibitor (Celecoxib) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (Diphereline®), with a control group on
endometrial implants in rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, endometriosis was induced in rats by auto transplantation and
after confirmation, the rats were divided into 4 groups that were treated for 6 weeks with normal saline (0.5 ml/day,
orally), licorice extract (3000 mg/kg/day, orally), celecoxib (50 mg/kg, twice a day, orally) or diphereline (3 mg/kg,
intramuscularly). At the end of treatments, the mean area, volume, histopathology and hemosiderin-laden macrophage
(HLM) counts of the endometrial implants were evaluated and compared among the four groups. Results The mean area, volume and HLM counts of the implants in the licorice group were significantly lower than
those of the control group (P<0.001). The histopathologic grades of endometrial implants were significantly decreased
by licorice compared to the control group (P<0.001). There was no significant change in the mentioned parameters in
rats treated with celecoxib compared to the control group. Diphereline was the most potent agent for suppressing the
growth of endometrial implants in terms of all of the above-mentioned parameters. Conclusion Licorice decreased the growth and histopathologic grades of auto-transplanted endometrial implants.
However, while celcoxib had no significant effect, diphereline showed the highest potency for decreasing the endome-
trial growth. Licorice may have the potential to be used as an alternative medication for the treatment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Namavar Jahromi
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic Address: .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farnaz Farrokhnia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ebrahim Parsanezhad
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Alaee
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.Electronic Address:
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Fouladi S, Masjedi M, Ghasemi R, G Hakemi M, Eskandari N. The In Vitro Impact of Glycyrrhizic Acid on CD4+ T Lymphocytes through OX40 Receptor in the Patients with Allergic Rhinitis. Inflammation 2019; 41:1690-1701. [PMID: 30003405 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0813-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), the major bioactive component of glycyrrhiza, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-allergic effect of GA through the OX40 receptor in patients with allergic rhinitis. Purified naive CD4+ T cells of patients with allergic rhinitis (n = 12) were activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 with and without anti-OX40 agonist mAbs and then treated with 50, 100, and 200 μM GA and 0.1 μM dexamethasone. Cells were incubated (72 h) to measure cell proliferation. Expression of OX40 in anti-OX40 mAb stimulated CD4+ T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. mRNA expression of the OX40 receptor and T-bet, GATA-3, and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) transcriptional factors were measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were also measured. GA inhibited significantly the augmented T cell proliferation induced with anti-OX40 mAb. Protein and gene expression of OX40 was also decreased significantly. Dexamethasone and GA inhibited T-bet and GATA-3 genes expression, but this inhibition was only significant for GATA-3. In contrast, enhanced gene expression of FoxP3 was seen using 200 μM GA and dexamethasone. The levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ decreased after treatment with both dexamethasone and GA, but the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 (Th1/Th2 balance) increased significantly due to 200 μM GA treatment. This study suggests that GA may have a therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis, partly by modulation of the Th1/Th2 balance through suppression of OX40 and increasing the activity of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Fouladi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Ghasemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mazdak G Hakemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Yu H, Ran P, Liu Z. Systems pharmacology uncovers the mechanisms of anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) for the prevention of asthma. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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193
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Ribeiro VP, Arruda C, Abd El-Salam M, Bastos JK. Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:253-268. [PMID: 29648503 PMCID: PMC6130656 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1454480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inflammatory disorders are common in modern life, and medicinal plants provide an interesting source for new compounds bearing anti-inflammatory properties. In this regard, Brazilian medicinal plants are considered to be a promising supply of such compounds due to their great biodiversity. OBJECTIVES To undertake a review on Brazilian medicinal plants with corroborated anti-inflammatory activities by selecting data from the literature reporting the efficacy of plants used in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, including the mechanisms of action of their extracts and isolated compounds. METHODS A search in the literature was undertaken by using the following Web tools: Web of Science, SciFinder, Pub-Med and Science Direct. The terms 'anti-inflammatory' and 'Brazilian medicinal plants' were used as keywords in search engine. Tropicos and Reflora websites were used to verify the origin of the plants, and only the native plants of Brazil were included in this review. The publications reporting the use of well-accepted scientific protocols to corroborate the anti-inflammatory activities of Brazilian medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory potential were considered. RESULTS We selected 70 Brazilian medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory activity. The plants were grouped according to their anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The main mechanisms involved inflammatory mediators, such as interleukins (ILs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase (COX) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSIONS The collected data on Brazilian medicinal plants, in the form of crude extract and/or isolated compounds, showed significant anti-inflammatory activities involving different mechanisms of action, indicating Brazilian plants as an important source of anti-inflammatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arruda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- CONTACT Jairo Kenupp BastosDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP14040-903, Brazil
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Lee SH, Bae IH, Choi H, Choi HW, Oh S, Marinho PA, Min DJ, Kim DY, Lee TR, Lee CS, Lee J. Ameliorating effect of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate on an IL-4- and IL-13-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin-equivalent model. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 311:131-140. [PMID: 30506356 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is not fully understood. Defects in skin barrier function and dysregulation of the Th2 immune response are thought to be pivotal in AD pathogenesis. In this study, we used keratinocytes and AD-like skin equivalent models using Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. The keratinocytes and AD-like skin model were used to investigate the effect of dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (KG), which is widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent for AD treatment. KG decreased AD-related gene expression in keratinocytes stimulated with Th2 cytokines. KG alleviated AD-like phenotypes and gene expression patterns and inhibited release of AD-related cytokines in the AD-like skin equivalent models. These findings indicate KG has potential effectiveness in AD treatment and AD-like skin equivalent models may be useful for understanding AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Lee
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hong Bae
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyangtae Choi
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Won Choi
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Oh
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Paulo A Marinho
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Min
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ryong Lee
- Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- Department of Beauty and Cosmetic Science, Eulji University, Sanseong-daero, Sugeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13135, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyunggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Li Z, Guo X, Cao Z, Liu X, Liao X, Huang C, Xu W, Liu L, Yang P. New MS network analysis pattern for the rapid identification of constituents from traditional Chinese medicine prescription Lishukang capsules in vitro and in vivo based on UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Talanta 2018; 189:606-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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196
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Lee EJ, Oh H, Kang BG, Kang MK, Kim DY, Kim YH, Lee JY, Ji JG, Lim SS, Kang YH. Lipid-Lowering Effects of Medium-Chain Triglyceride-Enriched Coconut Oil in Combination with Licorice Extracts in Experimental Hyperlipidemic Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10447-10457. [PMID: 30244576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil has gained in popularity over recent years as a healthy oil due to its potential cardiovascular benefits. Coconut oil contains medium chain triglycerides (MCT) including lauric acid and capric acid that display beneficial properties in human health. Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza uralensis) is used as a sweetener and in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the in vivo effects of medium chain-triglycerides (MCT)-coconut oil (MCO) and its combination with licorice extract (LE-MCO) on serum lipid profile, hepatic steatosis, and local fat pad proteins in diet-induced obese mice. No liver toxicity was observed in 45% fat diet (HFD)-fed mice orally treated with LE, MCO, and LE-MCO for 12 weeks. Their supplementation reduced HFD-enhanced body weight, blood glucose, and insulin in mice. Plasma levels of both PLTP and LCAT were boosted in LE-MCO-administered mice. Supplementation of LE-MCO diminished plasma levels of TG and TC with concomitant reduction of the LDL-C level and tended to raise blood HDL-C level compared to that of HFD alone-mice. Treatment of LE-MCO encumbered the hepatic induction of hepatosteatosis-related proteins of SREBP2, SREBP1c, FAS, ACC, and CD36 in HFD-fed mice. Substantial suppression of this induction was also observed in the liver of mice treated with MCO. Oral administration of LE-MCO to HFD mice boosted hepatic activation of AMPK and the induction of UCP-1 and FATP1 in brown fat. Conversely, LE-MCO disturbed hepatic PPAR-LXR-RXR signaling in HFD-fed animals and reversed HFD-elevated epididymal PPARγ. Collectively, oral administration of LE-MCO may impede hyperlipidemia and hepatosteatosis through curtailing hepatic lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Hyeongjoo Oh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Beom Goo Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | | | | | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Hallym University , Chuncheon 24252 , Korea
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197
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Wang J, Zhang YS, Thakur K, Hussain SS, Zhang JG, Xiao GR, Wei ZJ. Licochalcone A from licorice root, an inhibitor of human hepatoma cell growth via induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 120:407-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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198
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Liu W, Huang S, Li Y, Li Y, Li D, Wu P, Wang Q, Zheng X, Zhang K. Glycyrrhizic acid from licorice down-regulates inflammatory responses via blocking MAPK and PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB signalling pathways in TPA-induced skin inflammation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1502-1510. [PMID: 30288224 PMCID: PMC6148683 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00288f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA), a principal component derived from licorice which is used extensively as a natural sweetener and traditional folk herbal medicine, is attracting considerable attention because of its broad range of bioactivities. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GA on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-mediated skin inflammation has not been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of GA by using a TPA-induced mouse ear model. It was indicated that GA, applied topically onto mouse ears, effectively inhibited the TPA-mediated expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that GA down-regulated the expressions of IκBα and p65 and blocked the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 in TPA-induced mouse skin. Moreover, GA significantly inhibited the TPA-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, which are upstream of nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB). Taken together, these results indicated that GA, being of natural origin, may be a potential agent for preventing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen) , China
| | - Shun Huang
- Nanfang PET Center , Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510515 , China
| | - Yonglian Li
- Guangdong Industry Polytechnic , Guangzhou , 510300 , China
| | - Yanwen Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
| | - Dongli Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
| | - Quanshi Wang
- Nanfang PET Center , Nanfang Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510515 , China
| | - Xi Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research , Department of Chemical Biology , Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ 08854 , USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Wuyi University , Jiangmen 529020 , China . ;
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199
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Cui Q, Liu Y, Zhou M, Han Y, Yin C, Bai G. An Optimized MicroPET Imaging Method for the Distribution and Synergies of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 30186178 PMCID: PMC6110851 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Understanding the distribution and interaction of the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) is an integral source of herbal drug discovery. An optimized radio-labeled method was explored that could conduct in situ biodistribution studies in animals. We evaluated the feasibility of the method and applied glycyrrhetinic acid and platycodon (PG) polysaccharides as models. Procedures: [18F]-GA is a novel radiotracer which was performed positron emission tomography (PET) studies to assay the biodistribution of GA in mice. In addition, PG polysaccharide was used to intervene the biodistribution and dosimetry of GA. Scanning data were analyzed with professional software. Results: Record the time-activity curves for all organs then use the normalization method to calculate the area under the curve as a dosimetry for each organ. Moreover, the addition of PG polysaccharides can significantly improve the dosimetry of GA in the lungs, and its effect was related to the administration time. Conclusion: MicroPET imaging opens up a new avenue for the application of drug interactions between the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengge Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Han
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Bai
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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200
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Pastorino G, Cornara L, Soares S, Rodrigues F, Oliveira MBPP. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2323-2339. [PMID: 30117204 PMCID: PMC7167772 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, consumers are paying much more attention to natural medicines and principles, mainly due to the general sense that natural compounds are safe. On the other hand, there is a growing demand by industry for plants used in traditional medicine that could be incorporated in foods, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, or even pharmaceuticals. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and has been recognized since ancient times for its ethnopharmacological values. This plant contains different phytocompounds, such as glycyrrhizin, 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid, glabrin A and B, and isoflavones, that have demonstrated various pharmacological activities. Pharmacological experiments have demonstrated that different extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibit a broad range of biological properties, including antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. A few toxicological studies have reported some concerns. This review addresses all those issues and focuses on the pharmacological activities reported for G. glabra. Therefore, an updated, critical, and extensive overview on the current knowledge of G. glabra composition and biological activities is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential and future challenges to be utilized for the formulation of new products that will contribute to human well‐being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cornara
- DISTAV, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sónia Soares
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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