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Alhaddad AY, Aly H, Gad H, Al-Ali A, Sadasivuni KK, Cabibihan JJ, Malik RA. Sense and Learn: Recent Advances in Wearable Sensing and Machine Learning for Blood Glucose Monitoring and Trend-Detection. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876672. [PMID: 35646863 PMCID: PMC9135106 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, however patients with diabetes may also develop hypoglycemia due to treatment. There is an increasing demand for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring and trends detection amongst people with diabetes and healthy individuals, especially athletes. Wearable devices and non-invasive sensors for blood glucose monitoring have witnessed considerable advances. This review is an update on recent contributions utilizing novel sensing technologies over the past five years which include electrocardiogram, electromagnetic, bioimpedance, photoplethysmography, and acceleration measures as well as bodily fluid glucose sensors to monitor glucose and trend detection. We also review methods that use machine learning algorithms to predict blood glucose trends, especially for high risk events such as hypoglycemia. Convolutional and recurrent neural networks, support vector machines, and decision trees are examples of such machine learning algorithms. Finally, we address the key limitations and challenges of these studies and provide recommendations for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yaser Alhaddad
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hussein Aly
- KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hoda Gad
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Ali
- KINDI Center for Computing Research, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - John-John Cabibihan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rayaz A. Malik
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Rayaz A. Malik,
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152
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Corin: A Key Mediator in Sodium Homeostasis, Vascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050717. [PMID: 35625445 PMCID: PMC9138375 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including electrolyte and body fluid balance, blood volume and pressure, cardiac channel activity and function, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Variants in the CORIN gene are associated with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and preeclampsia. The current data indicate a key role of corin-mediated ANP production and signaling in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of corin in sodium homeostasis, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and heart failure. Abstract Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial element of the cardiac endocrine function that promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, thereby protecting normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the heart, where it converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP activation and causes hypertension and heart disease. In addition to the heart, corin is expressed in other tissues, including those of the kidney, skin, and uterus, where corin-mediated ANP production and signaling act locally to promote sodium excretion and vascular remodeling. These results indicate that corin and ANP function in many tissues via endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. In heart failure patients, impaired natriuretic peptide processing is a common pathological mechanism that contributes to sodium and body fluid retention. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding the role of corin in non-cardiac tissues, including the kidney and skin, in regulating sodium homeostasis and body fluid excretion. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying corin and ANP function in supporting orderly cellular events in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Finally, we assess the potential of corin-based approaches to enhance natriuretic peptide production and activity as a treatment of heart failure.
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153
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Aqui TLB, Patel NK, Zhang Y, Kubomoto S. Ipsilateral Facial Hyperhidrosis in a Patient With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. Cureus 2022; 14:e24832. [PMID: 35702464 PMCID: PMC9177234 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While anhidrosis in Horner's Syndrome is a well-documented result of apical lung malignancies impinging on the sympathetic pathway traveling through the upper lobe of the lung, its opposite effect, hyperhidrosis, is a seldom reported consequence. Hyperhidrosis occurs as a result of irritation of the sympathetic nervous system near the superior cervical ganglion. In this report, we examine a patient with known Stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the lung presenting with right hemifacial hyperhidrosis, dyspnea, and right upper extremity swelling. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest re-demonstrated the intrathoracic neoplasm encroaching on his mediastinum. During admission, the patient had his first cycle with carboplatin and paclitaxel. His hyperhidrosis, as well as dyspnea and swelling improved post-treatment, and the patient was stable for discharge to follow up outpatient with oncology and radiation oncology to continue further treatment. As hemifacial hyperhidrosis is rarely reported, it becomes important to recognize this as a likely indicator of mediastinal invasion from malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil K Patel
- Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, USA
| | - Yolanda Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, USA
| | - Scott Kubomoto
- Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital, Riverside, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, USA
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154
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Steijlen ASM, Jansen KMB, Bastemeijer J, French PJ, Bossche A. Low-Cost Wearable Fluidic Sweat Collection Patch for Continuous Analyte Monitoring and Offline Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6893-6901. [PMID: 35486709 PMCID: PMC9096792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sweat sensors allow for new unobtrusive ways to continuously monitor an athlete's performance and health status. Significant advances have been made in the optimization of sensitivity, selectivity, and durability of electrochemical sweat sensors. However, comparing the in situ performance of these sensors in detail remains challenging because standardized sweat measurement methods to validate sweat sensors in a physiological setting do not yet exist. Current collection methods, such as the absorbent patch technique, are prone to contamination and are labor-intensive, which limits the number of samples that can be collected over time for offline reference measurements. We present an easy-to-fabricate sweat collection system that allows for continuous electrochemical monitoring, as well as chronological sampling of sweat for offline analysis. The patch consists of an analysis chamber hosting a conductivity sensor and a sequence of 5 to 10 reservoirs that contain level indicators that monitor the filling speed. After testing the performance of the patch in the laboratory, elaborate physiological validation experiments (3 patch locations, 6 participants) were executed. The continuous sweat conductivity measurements were compared with laboratory [Na+] and [Cl-] measurements of the samples, and a strong linear relationship (R2 = 0.97) was found. Furthermore, sweat rate derived from ventilated capsule measurement at the three locations was compared with patch filling speed and continuous conductivity readings. As expected from the literature, sweat conductivity was linearly related to sweat rate as well. In short, a successfully validated sweat collection patch is presented that enables sensor developers to systematically validate novel sweat sensors in a physiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarijn S M Steijlen
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar M B Jansen
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, Delft 2628 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bastemeijer
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Paddy J French
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Bossche
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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155
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Bariya M, Davis N, Gillan L, Jansson E, Kokkonen A, McCaffrey C, Hiltunen J, Javey A. Resettable Microfluidics for Broad-Range and Prolonged Sweat Rate Sensing. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1156-1164. [PMID: 35411764 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors are emerging as promising platforms for personalized and real-time tracking of evolving health and fitness parameters. While most wearable sweat sensors focus on tracking biomarker concentration profiles, sweat secretion rate is a key metric with broad implications for assessing hydration, cardiac, and neural conditions. Here we present a wearable microfluidic sensor for continuous sweat rate measurement. A discrete impedimetric sensing scheme relying on interdigitated electrodes within a microfluidic sweat collector allows for precise and selective sweat rate measurement across a broad physiological range. Integration of a manually activated pressure pump to expel sweat from the device prevents sensor saturation and enables continuous sweat rate tracking over hours. By enabling broad range and prolonged sweat rate measurement, this platform tackles a key obstacle to realizing meaningful and actionable sweat sensing for applications in exercise physiology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Bariya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Noelle Davis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Liam Gillan
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 3, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Elina Jansson
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Annukka Kokkonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Colm McCaffrey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tietotie 3, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Jussi Hiltunen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Kaitoväylä 1, Oulu, 90570, Finland
| | - Ali Javey
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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156
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Development and preliminary validation of infrared spectroscopic device for transdermal assessment of elevated cardiac troponin. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2022; 2:42. [PMID: 35603300 PMCID: PMC9053220 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The levels of circulating troponin are principally required in addition to electrocardiograms for the effective diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Current standard-of-care troponin assays provide a snapshot or momentary view of the levels due to the requirement of a blood draw. This modality further restricts the number of measurements given the clinical context of the patient. In this communication, we present the development and early validation of non-invasive transdermal monitoring of cardiac troponin-I to detect its elevated state. Methods Our device relies on infrared spectroscopic detection of troponin-I through the dermis and is tested in stepwise laboratory, benchtop, and clinical studies. Patients were recruited with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Results We demonstrate a significant correlation (r = 0.7774, P < 0.001, n = 52 biologically independent samples) between optically-derived data and blood-based immunoassay measurements with and an area under receiver operator characteristics of 0.895, sensitivity of 96.3%, and specificity of 60% for predicting a clinically meaningful threshold for defining elevated Troponin I. Conclusion This preliminary work introduces the potential of a bloodless transdermal measurement of troponin-I based on molecular spectroscopy. Further, potential pitfalls associated with infrared spectroscopic mode of inquiry are outlined including requisite steps needed for improving the precision and overall diagnostic value of the device in future studies. The number one cause of death in the US is heart disease. With 10 million patients visiting the emergency departments in a year with chest pain, 8 million are unrelated to cardiac issues. This places a burden on hospitals leading to suboptimal patient outcomes. In patients with cardiac issues, the time clinicians take to intervene dictates reversible or irreversible heart damage. However, current markers used to test for cardiac issues require blood sampling, limiting access to and frequency of testing. This study introduces a non-invasive cardiac marker measurement device without any form of blood draw, based on measurements taken by a wearable device through the skin. Preliminary studies show high conformance to the standard of care technologies, indicating that the technology has potential to enable more rapid, frequent, accessible and non-invasive detection of cardiac issues such as heart attacks. Titus et al. develop a technological platform for the non-invasive transdermal measurement of cardiac troponin-I, a marker of myocardial injury. Preliminary testing of their device, which works via infrared spectroscopy, indicates that troponin can be detected with reasonable performance, in the absence of a blood draw.
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Champmartin C, Chedik L, Marquet F, Cosnier F. Occupational exposure assessment with solid substances: choosing a vehicle for in vitro percutaneous absorption experiments. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:294-316. [PMID: 36125048 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2097052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous occupational exposure to industrial toxicants can be assessed in vitro on excised human or animal skins. Numerous factors can significantly influence skin permeation of chemicals and the flux determination. Among them, the vehicle used to solubilize the solid substances is a tricky key step. A "realistic surrogate" that closely matches the exposure scenario is recommended in first intention. When direct transposition of occupational exposure conditions to in vitro experiments is impossible, it is recommended that the vehicle used does not affect the skin barrier (in particular in terms of structural integrity, composition, or enzymatic activity). Indeed, any such effect could alter the percutaneous absorption of substances in a number of ways, as we will see. Potential effects are described for five monophasic vehicles, including the three most frequently used: water, ethanol, acetone; and two that are more rarely used, but are realistic: artificial sebum and artificial sweat. Finally, we discuss a number of criteria to be verified and the associated tests that should be performed when choosing the most appropriate vehicle, keeping in mind that, in the context of occupational exposure, the scientific quality of the percutaneous absorption data provided, and how they are interpreted, may have long-range consequences. From the narrative review presented, we also identify and discuss important factors to consider in future updates of the OECD guidelines for in vitro skin absorption experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Champmartin
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Lisa Chedik
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Marquet
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Cosnier
- French National Research and Safety Institute for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases (INRS), Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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158
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Ji SF, Zhou LX, Sun ZF, Xiang JB, Cui SY, Li Y, Chen HT, Liu YQ, Gao HH, Fu XB, Sun XY. Small molecules facilitate single factor-mediated sweat gland cell reprogramming. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 35351192 PMCID: PMC8962256 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large skin defects severely disrupt the overall skin structure and can irreversibly damage sweat glands (SG), thus impairing the skin's physiological function. This study aims to develop a stepwise reprogramming strategy to convert fibroblasts into SG lineages, which may provide a promising method to obtain desirable cell types for the functional repair and regeneration of damaged skin. METHODS The expression of the SG markers cytokeratin 5 (CK5), cytokeratin 10 (CK10), cytokeratin 18 (CK18), carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Calcium activity analysis was conducted to test the function of induced SG-like cells (iSGCs). Mouse xenograft models were also used to evaluate the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into a normal group, SGM treatment group and iSGC transplantation group. Immunocytochemical analyses and starch-iodine sweat tests were used to confirm the in vivo regeneration of iSGCs. RESULTS EDA overexpression drove HDF conversion into iSGCs in SG culture medium (SGM). qPCR indicated significantly increased mRNA levels of the SG markers CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, and flow cytometry data demonstrated (4.18 ± 0.04)% of iSGCs were CK5 positive and (4.36 ± 0.25)% of iSGCs were CK18 positive. The addition of chemical cocktails greatly accelerated the SG fate program. qPCR results revealed significantly increased mRNA expression of CK5, CK18 and CEA in iSGCs, as well as activation of the duct marker CK10 and luminal functional marker AQP5. Flow cytometry indicated, after the treatment of chemical cocktails, (23.05 ± 2.49)% of iSGCs expressed CK5+ and (55.79 ± 3.18)% of iSGCs expressed CK18+, respectively. Calcium activity analysis indicated that the reactivity of iSGCs to acetylcholine was close to that of primary SG cells [(60.79 ± 7.71)% vs. (70.59 ± 0.34)%, ns]. In vivo transplantation experiments showed approximately (5.2 ± 1.1)% of the mice were sweat test positive, and the histological analysis results indicated that regenerated SG structures were present in iSGCs-treated mice. CONCLUSION We developed a SG reprogramming strategy to generate functional iSGCs from HDFs by using the single factor EDA in combination with SGM and small molecules. The generation of iSGCs has important implications for future in situ skin regeneration with SG restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Fei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lai-Xian Zhou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Sun
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Jiang-Bing Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.,Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hua-Ting Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi-Qiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated To Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048, China.
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159
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Jargin SV. 5G wireless communication and health effects: a commentary. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:153-154. [PMID: 33743190 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V Jargin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
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160
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Abstract
Printing technology promises a viable solution for the low-cost, rapid, flexible, and mass fabrication of biosensors. Among the vast number of printing techniques, screen printing and inkjet printing have been widely adopted for the fabrication of biosensors. Screen printing provides ease of operation and rapid processing; however, it is bound by the effects of viscous inks, high material waste, and the requirement for masks, to name a few. Inkjet printing, on the other hand, is well suited for mass fabrication that takes advantage of computer-aided design software for pattern modifications. Furthermore, being drop-on-demand, it prevents precious material waste and offers high-resolution patterning. To exploit the features of inkjet printing technology, scientists have been keen to use it for the development of biosensors since 1988. A vast number of fully and partially inkjet-printed biosensors have been developed ever since. This study presents a short introduction on the printing technology used for biosensor fabrication in general, and a brief review of the recent reports related to virus, enzymatic, and non-enzymatic biosensor fabrication, via inkjet printing technology in particular.
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161
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Gray M, Bliss DZ, McNichol L. Moisture-Associated Skin Damage: Expanding and Updating Practice Based on the Newest ICD-10-CM Codes. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2022; 49:143-151. [PMID: 35255065 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Moisture-associated skin damage (MASD) occurs when skin is repeatedly exposed to various sources of bodily secretions or effluents, often leading to irritant contact dermatitis with inflammation, with or without denudation of affected skin. In 2020, the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society took an initiative that led to the addition of multiple International Classification for Diseases codes for irritant contract dermatitis caused by various forms of MASD for use in the United States (ICD-10-CM). In the last issue of the Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, a clinical practice alert identifying the various new codes was published that summarized each of the new codes and provided highlights of the descriptions of each of the these codes. This is the first in a series of 2 articles providing a more detailed description of the newest irritant contact dermatitis codes linked to MASD. Specifically, this article reviews the clinical manifestations and assessment, pathophysiology, epidemiology, prevention, and management of irritant contact dermatitis due to saliva, respiratory secretions, and fecal or urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Gray
- Mikel Gray, PhD, RN, FNP, PNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Donna Z. Bliss, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, CNS, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, FAAN, WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Donna Z Bliss
- Mikel Gray, PhD, RN, FNP, PNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Donna Z. Bliss, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, CNS, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, FAAN, WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Laurie McNichol
- Mikel Gray, PhD, RN, FNP, PNP, CUNP, CCCN, FAANP, FAAN, Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Donna Z. Bliss, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis
- Laurie McNichol, MSN, RN, CNS, GNP, CWOCN, CWON-AP, FAAN, WOC Nurse, Cone Health, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Pérez D, Orozco J. Wearable electrochemical biosensors to measure biomarkers with complex blood-to-sweat partition such as proteins and hormones. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:127. [PMID: 35233646 PMCID: PMC8886869 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Smart electronic devices based on micro-controllers, also referred to as fashion electronics, have raised wearable technology. These devices may process physiological information to facilitate the wearer's immediate biofeedback in close contact with the body surface. Standard market wearable devices detect observable features as gestures or skin conductivity. In contrast, the technology based on electrochemical biosensors requires a biomarker in close contact with both a biorecognition element and an electrode surface, where electron transfer phenomena occur. The noninvasiveness is pivotal for wearable technology; thus, one of the most common target tissues for real-time monitoring is the skin. Noninvasive biosensors formats may not be available for all analytes, such as several proteins and hormones, especially when devices are installed cutaneously to measure in the sweat. Processes like cutaneous transcytosis, the paracellular cell–cell unions, or even reuptake highly regulate the solutes content of the sweat. This review discusses recent advances on wearable devices based on electrochemical biosensors for biomarkers with a complex blood-to-sweat partition like proteins and some hormones, considering the commented release regulation mechanisms to the sweat. It highlights the challenges of wearable epidermal biosensors (WEBs) design and the possible solutions. Finally, it charts the path of future developments in the WEBs arena in converging/emerging digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pérez
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67, Nº 52-20, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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163
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Su Y, Lu L, Zhou M. Wearable Microbial Fuel Cells for Sustainable Self-Powered Electronic Skins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8664-8668. [PMID: 35152701 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autonomous energy systems are key to sustainably powering electronic skins. Potential autonomous energy resources include sunlight, human motion, sweat, and body heat, among which the biofuel in human sweat is a most natural and available candidate. In this perspective, we discuss the promise of wearable microbial fuel cells as autonomous power suppliers for electronic skins by using the biofuels in human sweat. In comparison to wearable enzymatic biofuel cells, wearable microbial fuel cells offer easy access, low cost and superior sustainability. We summarize the present achievements and provide our vision toward future research to make wearable microbial fuel cells reliable on-skin power suppliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yude Su
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Key Laboratory of Nano-biosensing and Nano-bioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Analysis and Testing Center, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China
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164
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Vaghasiya JV, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Vyskočil J, Pumera M. Flexible wearable MXene Ti 3C 2-Based power patch running on sweat. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114092. [PMID: 35217254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible supercapacitors (FSCs) have received a lot of interest as portable power sources for wearable electronics. The biocompatibility of electrodes and electrolytes in wearable FSCs is important to consider although research into these topics is still in its early stages. In this work, we developed a wearable FSC that uses MXene Ti3C2 nanosheets and polypyrrole-carboxymethylcellulose nanospheres composite (Ti3C2@PPy-CMC) as the active electrode material and sweat as the electrolyte. The electrochemical performances of Ti3C2@PPy-CMC FSC were analyzed using an artificial sweat solution and exhibited excellent specific capacitance, power density, cycling stability, and bending stability. To demonstrate a real application of Ti3C2@PPy-CMC FSC, a sweat-chargeable FSC patch has been developed that can be applied directly to human clothing and skin to power a portable electronic gadget when the wearer is exercising. A comprehensive electrochemical study of the FSC patch was also conducted in various sweat secretion body regions such as the finger, foot sole, and wrist. Ti3C2@PPy-CMC composite's outstanding electrochemical performance indicates its potential capabilities and biocompatibility in wearable energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayraj V Vaghasiya
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carmen C Mayorga-Martinez
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyskočil
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level 5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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165
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Nilsson EJ, Bärgman J, Ljung Aust M, Matthews G, Svanberg B. Let Complexity Bring Clarity: A Multidimensional Assessment of Cognitive Load Using Physiological Measures. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2022; 3:787295. [PMID: 38235474 PMCID: PMC10790847 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2022.787295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The effects of cognitive load on driver behavior and traffic safety are unclear and in need of further investigation. Reliable measures of cognitive load for use in research and, subsequently, in the development and implementation of driver monitoring systems are therefore sought. Physiological measures are of interest since they can provide continuous recordings of driver state. Currently, however, a few issues related to their use in this context are not usually taken into consideration, despite being well-known. First, cognitive load is a multidimensional construct consisting of many mental responses (cognitive load components) to added task demand. Yet, researchers treat it as unidimensional. Second, cognitive load does not occur in isolation; rather, it is part of a complex response to task demands in a specific operational setting. Third, physiological measures typically correlate with more than one mental state, limiting the inferences that can be made from them individually. We suggest that acknowledging these issues and studying multiple mental responses using multiple physiological measures and independent variables will lead to greatly improved measurability of cognitive load. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, we used data from a driving simulator study in which a number of physiological measures (heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing rate, skin conductance, pupil diameter, eye blink rate, eye blink duration, EEG alpha power, and EEG theta power) were analyzed. Participants performed a cognitively loading n-back task at two levels of difficulty while driving through three different traffic scenarios, each repeated four times. Cognitive load components and other coinciding mental responses were assessed by considering response patterns of multiple physiological measures in relation to multiple independent variables. With this approach, the construct validity of cognitive load is improved, which is important for interpreting results accurately. Also, the use of multiple measures and independent variables makes the measurements (when analyzed jointly) more diagnostic-that is, better able to distinguish between different cognitive load components. This in turn improves the overall external validity. With more detailed, diagnostic, and valid measures of cognitive load, the effects of cognitive load on traffic safety can be better understood, and hence possibly mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Nilsson
- Volvo Cars Safety Centre, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bärgman
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gerald Matthews
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Bo Svanberg
- Volvo Cars Safety Centre, Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden
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166
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Kukkar D, Zhang D, Jeon B, Kim KH. Recent advances in wearable biosensors for non-invasive monitoring of specific metabolites and electrolytes associated with chronic kidney disease: Performance evaluation and future challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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167
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Tronstad C, Amini M, Bach DR, Martinsen OG. Current trends and opportunities in the methodology of electrodermal activity measurement. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35090148 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Electrodermal activity (EDA) has been measured in the laboratory since the late 1800s. Although the influence of sudomotor nerve activity and the sympathetic nervous system on EDA is well established, the mechanisms underlying EDA signal generation are not completely understood. Owing to simplicity of instrumentation and modern electronics, these measurements have recently seen a transfer from the laboratory to wearable devices, sparking numerous novel applications while bringing along both challenges and new opportunities. In addition to developments in electronics and miniaturization, current trends in material technology and manufacturing have sparked innovations in electrode technologies, and trends in data science such as machine learning and sensor fusion are expanding the ways that measurement data can be processed and utilized. Although challenges remain for the quality of wearable EDA measurement, ongoing research and developments may shorten the quality gap between wearable EDA and standardized recordings in the laboratory. In this topical review, we provide an overview of the basics of EDA measurement, discuss the challenges and opportunities of wearable EDA, and review recent developments in instrumentation, material technology, signal processing, modeling and data science tools that may advance the field of EDA research and applications over the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Tronstad
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering, Oslo University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, Oslo, 0372, NORWAY
| | - Maryam Amini
- Physics, University of Oslo Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sem Sælands vei 24, Oslo, 0371, NORWAY
| | - Dominik R Bach
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, London, WC1N 3AZ, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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168
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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Reinforced Waste Buffing Dust Based Composite Insole and Its Antimicrobial Activity. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7130551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to use zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) combined with buffing dust to develop footwear insole with antibacterial properties. In addition, performance analysis (mechanical, chemical, and thermal) of fabricated insole is also the integral consideration of this study. With such aim, antimicrobial composite insoles were fabricated via simple solution mixing of ZnONPs and natural rubber latex (NRL) binder along with buffing dusts with optimum ratio. Then, removal of water was considered by mechanical pressing followed by natural drying in sunlight. The chemical bonding and material interactions of composites were investigated using FT-IR and XRD, respectively. TGA analysis confirmed the thermal stability of composites, while SEM and OTR are elucidating the surface morphology and gas barrier properties, respectively. Tensile strength, elongation, flexibility, hardness, and water absorption of prepared composite with optimum NRL content were increased by 39, 31, 30, 38, and 28%, respectively. Finally, 78% antimicrobial performance was achieved against the suspension of (
) bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus.
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169
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Zafar H, Channa A, Jeoti V, Stojanović GM. Comprehensive Review on Wearable Sweat-Glucose Sensors for Continuous Glucose Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:638. [PMID: 35062598 PMCID: PMC8781973 DOI: 10.3390/s22020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, and regular glucose monitoring is critical in order to manage diabetes. Currently, glucose in the body is measured by an invasive method of blood sugar testing. Blood glucose (BG) monitoring devices measure the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually drawn from pricking the fingertip, and placed on a disposable test strip. Therefore, there is a need for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring, which is possible using a sweat sensor-based approach. As sweat sensors have garnered much interest in recent years, this study attempts to summarize recent developments in non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring using sweat sensors based on different approaches with an emphasis on the devices that can potentially be integrated into a wearable platform. Numerous research entities have been developing wearable sensors for continuous blood glucose monitoring, however, there are no commercially viable, non-invasive glucose monitors on the market at the moment. This review article provides the state-of-the-art in sweat glucose monitoring, particularly keeping in sight the prospect of its commercialization. The challenges relating to sweat collection, sweat sample degradation, person to person sweat amount variation, various detection methods, and their glucose detection sensitivity, and also the commercial viability are thoroughly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Zafar
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Asma Channa
- Computer Science Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- DIIES Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89100 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Varun Jeoti
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Goran M. Stojanović
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, T. Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (V.J.); (G.M.S.)
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170
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Komkova MA, Eliseev AA, Poyarkov AA, Daboss EV, Evdokimov PV, Eliseev AA, Karyakin AA. Simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate content and sweat secretion rate by wearable remote biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:113970. [PMID: 35032921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report on the simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate concentration and sweat secretion rate. For this aim lactate oxidase-Prussian Blue enzyme-nanozyme type lactate biosensors were elaborated. The use of siloxane-perfluorosulfonated ionomer composite membrane for enzyme-nanozyme immobilization results in the biosensor displaying flux independence in the whole range of physiological sweat secretion rates (0.025-2 μl cm-2 min-1). On the contrary, current response of the biosensor based on solely siloxane membranes becomes saturated at physiological sweat lactate concentration, depending mostly on the flow rate. Accordingly, for simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate concentration and its secretion rate both flow-through biosensors were integrated with high-accuracy wearable electronic devices allowing real-time remote monitoring. As found, during exhaustive physical exercise sweat secretion rate and lactate content are independent of each other, thus, confirming that this excretory liquid is suitable for non-invasive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Komkova
- Chemistry faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Artem A Eliseev
- Chemistry faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Poyarkov
- Materials Science faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V Daboss
- Chemistry faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel V Evdokimov
- Chemistry faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia; Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect 31, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei A Eliseev
- Materials Science faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Arkady A Karyakin
- Chemistry faculty of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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171
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Luo Y, Chen Hsu C, Jui Lin K, Kai Fu S, Ru Chen J, Lai CC. Effectiveness of a Water Intake Program at the Workplace in Physical and Mental Health Outcomes. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221085778. [PMID: 35403464 PMCID: PMC8998380 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221085778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Adequate water intake is a low-cost and effectively non-invasive strategy for individual health outcomes. We aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of water intake intervention in intensive-labor and static-type workplaces. Method Smart drinking cups were provided to the participants, and a built-in application (App) associated with the cup was downloaded on their phones. The App collected and recorded the amount of drinking water consumed by the participants set reminders for drinking water and drinking water health education information. We assessed the data, including the amount of and time interval between water intake, sedentary time, the degree of physical and psychological importance of oneself, self-satisfaction, and physical fitness. Results After the intervention, water intake in the two companies significantly increased during the reminder period compared with the non-reminder period. A significant increase was noted in week 3 in the amount of water intake by the participants after using the App, and the total sedentary time considerably decreased. Furthermore, the interval between water consumption decreased compared with the preintervention interval. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased in the participants working at the static-type and intensive-labor workplaces after the intervention, respectively. The participants ' lower limb muscle performance also improved significantly, and the emphasis on self-care was significantly improved. Conclusions The health-promoting effects of the water intake wellness intervention were akin to the butterfly effect. Besides significantly increasing water intake, the intervention improved other health behaviors, thereby benefiting physical and mental health. Hence, promoting water consumption in workplaces till it becomes a habit may benefit the employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Luo
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia Chen Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Jui Lin
- Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu Kai Fu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jyun Ru Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
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172
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Zhong B, Jiang K, Wang L, Shen G. Wearable Sweat Loss Measuring Devices: From the Role of Sweat Loss to Advanced Mechanisms and Designs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103257. [PMID: 34713981 PMCID: PMC8728835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors have received significant research interest and have become popular as sweat contains considerable health information about physiological and psychological states. However, measured biomarker concentrations vary with sweat rates, which has a significant effect on the accuracy and reliability of sweat biosensors. Wearable sweat loss measuring devices (SLMDs) have recently been proposed to overcome the limitations of biomarker tracking and reduce inter- and intraindividual variability. In addition, they offer substantial potential for monitoring human body homeostasis, because sweat loss plays an indispensable role in thermoregulation and skin hydration. Previous studies have not carried out a comprehensive and systematic review of the principles, importance, and development of wearable SLMDs. This paper reviews wearable SLMDs with a new health perspective from the role of sweat loss to advanced mechanisms and designs. Two types of sweat and their measurement significance for practical applications are highlighted. Then, a comprehensive review of advances in different wearable SLMDs based on hygrometers, absorbent materials, and microfluidics is presented by describing their respective device architectures, present situations, and future directions. Finally, concluding remarks on opportunities for future application fields and challenges for future sweat sensing are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
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173
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Abstract
Fluid secretion by exocrine glandular organs is essential to the survival of mammals. Each glandular unit within the body is uniquely organized to carry out its own specific functions, with failure to establish these specialized structures resulting in impaired organ function. Here, we review glandular organs in terms of shared and divergent architecture. We first describe the structural organization of the diverse glandular secretory units (the end-pieces) and their fluid transporting systems (the ducts) within the mammalian system, focusing on how tissue architecture corresponds to functional output. We then highlight how defects in development of end-piece and ductal architecture impacts secretory function. Finally, we discuss how knowledge of exocrine gland structure-function relationships can be applied to the development of new diagnostics, regenerative approaches and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameed Khan
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Fitch
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ripla Arora
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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174
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Naik AR, Zhou Y, Dey AA, Arellano DLG, Okoroanyanwu U, Secor EB, Hersam MC, Morse J, Rothstein JP, Carter KR, Watkins JJ. Printed microfluidic sweat sensing platform for cortisol and glucose detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 22:156-169. [PMID: 34881383 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sweat biosensors offer compelling opportunities for improved personal health monitoring and non-invasive measurements of key biomarkers. Inexpensive device fabrication methods are necessary for scalable manufacturing of portable, disposable, and flexible sweat sensors. Furthermore, real-time sweat assessment must be analyzed to validate measurement reliability at various sweating rates. Here, we demonstrate a "smart bandage" microfluidic platform for cortisol detection and continuous glucose monitoring integrated with a synthetic skin. The low-cost, laser-cut microfluidic device is composed of an adhesive-based microchannel and solution-processed electrochemical sensors fabricated from inkjet-printed graphene and silver solutions. An antibody-derived cortisol sensor achieved a limit of detection of 10 pM and included a low-voltage electrowetting valve, validating the microfluidic sensor design under typical physiological conditions. To understand effects of perspiration rate on sensor performance, a synthetic skin was developed using soft lithography to mimic human sweat pores and sweating rates. The enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited a range of 0.2 to 1.0 mM, a limit of detection of 10 μM, and reproducible response curves at flow rates of 2.0 μL min-1 and higher when integrated with the synthetic skin, validating its relevance for human health monitoring. These results demonstrate the potential of using printed microfluidic sweat sensors as a low-cost, real-time, multi-diagnostic device for human health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi R Naik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Yiliang Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Anita A Dey
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | | | - Uzodinma Okoroanyanwu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Jeffrey Morse
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Rothstein
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Kenneth R Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - James J Watkins
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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175
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Osmotically Enabled Wearable Patch for Sweat Harvesting and Lactate Quantification. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121513. [PMID: 34945363 PMCID: PMC8705979 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lactate is an essential biomarker for determining the health of the muscles and oxidative stress levels in the human body. However, most of the currently available sweat lactate monitoring devices require external power, cannot measure lactate under low sweat rates (such as in humans at rest), and do not provide adequate information about the relationship between sweat and blood lactate levels. Here, we discuss the on-skin operation of our recently developed wearable sweat sampling patch. The patch combines osmosis (using hydrogel discs) and capillary action (using paper microfluidic channel) for long-term sweat withdrawal and management. When subjects are at rest, the hydrogel disc can withdraw fluid from the skin via osmosis and deliver it to the paper. The lactate amount in the fluid is determined using a colorimetric assay. During active sweating (e.g., exercise), the paper can harvest sweat even in the absence of the hydrogel patch. The captured fluid contains lactate, which we quantify using a colorimetric assay. The measurements show the that the total number of moles of lactate in sweat is correlated to sweat rate. Lactate concentrations in sweat and blood correlate well only during high-intensity exercise. Hence, sweat appears to be a suitable biofluid for lactate quantification. Overall, this wearable patch holds the potential of providing a comprehensive analysis of sweat lactate trends in the human body.
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176
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Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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177
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Hydration Status and Fluid Replacement Strategies of High-Performance Adolescent Athletes: An Application of Machine Learning to Distinguish Hydration Characteristics. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114073. [PMID: 34836328 PMCID: PMC8625246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are limited data on the fluid balance characteristics and fluid replenishment behaviors of high-performance adolescent athletes. The heterogeneity of hydration status and practices of adolescent athletes warrant efficient approaches to individualizing hydration strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize the hydration status and fluid balance characteristics of high-performance adolescent athletes and examine the differences in fluid consumption behaviors during training. In total, 105 high-performance adolescent athletes (male: 66, female: 39; age 14.1 ± 1.0 y) across 11 sports had their hydration status assessed on three separate occasions—upon rising and before a low and a high-intensity training session (pre-training). The results showed that 20–44% of athletes were identified as hypohydrated, with 21–44% and 15–34% of athletes commencing low- and high-intensity training in a hypohydrated state, respectively. Linear mixed model (LMM) analyses revealed that athletes who were hypohydrated consumed more fluid (F (1.183.85)) = 5.91, (p = 0.016). Additional K-means cluster analyses performed highlighted three clusters: “Heavy sweaters with sufficient compensatory hydration habits,” “Heavy sweaters with insufficient compensatory hydration habits” and “Light sweaters with sufficient compensatory hydration habits”. Our results highlight that high-performance adolescent athletes with ad libitum drinking have compensatory mechanisms to replenish fluids lost from training. The approach to distinguish athletes by hydration characteristics could assist practitioners in prioritizing future hydration intervention protocols.
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178
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Chung M, Skinner WH, Robert C, Campbell CJ, Rossi RM, Koutsos V, Radacsi N. Fabrication of a Wearable Flexible Sweat pH Sensor Based on SERS-Active Au/TPU Electrospun Nanofibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51504-51518. [PMID: 34672514 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Development of wearable sensing platforms is essential for the advancement of continuous health monitoring and point-of-care testing. Eccrine sweat pH is an analyte that can be noninvasively measured and used to diagnose and aid in monitoring a wide range of physiological conditions. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers a rapid, optical technique for fingerprinting of biomarkers present in sweat. In this paper, a mechanically flexible, nanofibrous, SERS-active substrate was fabricated by a combination of electrospinning of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and Au sputter coating. This substrate was then investigated for suitability toward wearable sweat pH sensing after functionalization with two commonly used pH-responsive molecules, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), and 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy). The developed SERS pH sensor was found to have good resolution (0.14 pH units for 4-MBA; 0.51 pH units for 4-MPy), with only 1 μL of sweat required for a measurement, and displayed no statistically significant difference in performance after 35 days (p = 0.361). Additionally, the Au/TPU nanofibrous SERS pH sensors showed fast sweat-absorbing ability as well as good repeatability and reversibility. The proposed methodology offers a facile route for the fabrication of SERS substrates which could also be used to measure a wide range of health biomarkers beyond sweat pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chung
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - William H Skinner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Robert
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Campbell
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - René M Rossi
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Vasileios Koutsos
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Radacsi
- School of Engineering, Institute for Materials and Processes, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Robert Stevenson Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, United Kingdom
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179
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Sun X, Xiang J, Chen R, Geng Z, Wang L, Liu Y, Ji S, Chen H, Li Y, Zhang C, Liu P, Yue T, Dong L, Fu X. Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2103079. [PMID: 34569165 PMCID: PMC8596119 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Restoration of sweat glands (SwGs) represents a great issue in patients with extensive skin defects. Recent methods combining organoid technology with cell fate reprogramming hold promise for developing new regenerative methods for SwG regeneration. Here, a practical strategy for engineering functional human SwGs in vitro and in vivo is provided. First, by forced expression of the ectodysplasin-A in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) combined with specific SwG culture medium, HEKs are efficiently converted into SwG cells (iSwGCs). The iSwGCs show typical morphology, gene expression pattern, and functions resembling human primary SwG cells. Second, by culturing the iSwGCs in a special 3D culturing system, SwG organoids (iSwGOs) that exhibit structural and biological features characteristic of native SwGs are obtained. Finally, these iSwGOs are successfully transplanted into a mouse skin damage model and they develop into fully functioning SwGs in vivo. Regeneration of functional SwG organoids from reprogrammed HEKs highlights the great translational potential for personalized SwG regeneration in patients with large skin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Jiangbing Xiang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
- Bioengineering College of Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044P. R. China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
- Department of General SurgeryChinese PLA General Hospital28 Fu Xing RoadBeijing100853P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Lintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Yiqiong Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Huating Chen
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityHaidian DistrictBeijing100084China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghai200092China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu210023China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical CenterPLA General Hospital and PLA Medical CollegePLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin InjuryRepair and RegenerationResearch Unit of Trauma CareTissue Repair and RegenerationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences2019RU051Beijing100048P. R. China
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180
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Slavich M, Falasconi G, Guarnaccia A, Pannone L, Rampa L, Fragasso G, Granata A, Savonitto S, Spoladore R. Hyperhidrosis: the neglected sign in heart failure patients. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2021; 11:635-641. [PMID: 34849296 PMCID: PMC8611272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Profuse sweating is a symptom often reported by cardiological patients and could be also an early phenomenon of adaptation or rather cardiac maladaptation in the context of incipient heart failure (HF). By definition, in HF patients the low cardiac output causing reduced renal blood supply and reduced pressure in the arterial baroreceptors activate compensatory mechanisms such as the RAAS and the adrenergic autonomic nervous system. The retention of fluids caused by the decompensation of heart-kidney system could generate a reactive hyperhidrosis and even anticipate an incipient decompensation and might prevent manifest volume overload. Moreover, in HF patients the overactive sympathetic nervous system generates an increase in the reabsorption of fluids in the kidney, on the other hand it generates a signaling to the sweat glands to induce a dispersion of fluids, with loss of sodium and chlorine at the glandular ductal level. Finally sweat gland production physiology during physical activity is also altered in HF patients. This review is focused on sweating and its pathophysiological role in heart failure. Although all the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are not fully understood, there are interesting connections that might explain this fluid elimination as a wise and sophisticated way to prevent incipient heart failure crisis. Future research could be focused on studying new drugs that selectively would be able to promote fluid elimination by this specific way in patients suffering from heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Slavich
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University HospitalMilan, Italy
| | - Giulio Falasconi
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University HospitalMilan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Pannone
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University HospitalMilan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rampa
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele University HospitalMilan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Fragasso
- Head of Heart Failure Ambulatory, IRCCS San Raffaele University HospitalMilan, Italy
| | - Andrea Granata
- Clinical Cardiology Unit, Alessandro Manzoni HospitalLecco, Italy
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181
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Van Hoovels K, Xuan X, Cuartero M, Gijssel M, Swarén M, Crespo GA. Can Wearable Sweat Lactate Sensors Contribute to Sports Physiology? ACS Sens 2021; 6:3496-3508. [PMID: 34549938 PMCID: PMC8546758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The rise of wearable
sensors to measure lactate content in human
sweat during sports activities has attracted the attention of physiologists
given the potential of these “analytical tools” to provide
real-time information. Beyond the assessment of the sensing technology per se, which, in fact, has not rigorously been validated
yet in controlled conditions, there are many open questions about
the true usefulness of such wearable sensors in real scenarios. On
the one hand, the evidence for the origin of sweat lactate (e.g.,
via the sweat gland, derivation from blood, or other alternative mechanisms),
its high concentration (1–25 mM or even higher) compared to
levels in the blood, and the possible correlation between different
biofluids (particularly blood) is rather contradictory and generates
vivid debate in the field. On the other hand, it is important to point
out that accurate detection of sweat lactate is highly dependent on
the procedure used to collect and/or reach the fluid, and this can
likely explain the large discrepancies reported in the literature.
In brief, this paper provides our vision of the current state of the
field and a thoughtful evaluation of the possible reasons for present
controversies, together with an analysis of the impact of wearable
sweat lactate sensors in the physiological context. Finally, although
there is not yet overwhelming scientific evidence to provide an unequivocal
answer to whether wearable sweat lactate sensors can contribute to
sports physiology, we still understand the importance to bring this
challenging question up-front to create awareness and guidance in
the development, validation, and implementation of wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van Hoovels
- Kinetic Analysis, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Xing Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Cuartero
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maarten Gijssel
- Kinetic Analysis, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Sint Janssingel 92, 5211 DA ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Swarén
- Swedish Unit of Metrology in Sports, Institution of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden
| | - Gaston A. Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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182
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Hymczak H, Gołąb A, Mendrala K, Plicner D, Darocha T, Podsiadło P, Hudziak D, Gocoł R, Kosiński S. Core Temperature Measurement-Principles of Correct Measurement, Problems, and Complications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010606. [PMID: 34682351 PMCID: PMC8535559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Core temperature reflects the temperature of the internal organs. Proper temperature measurement is essential to diagnose and treat temperature impairment in patients. However, an accurate approach has yet to be established. Depending on the method used, the obtained values may vary and differ from the actual core temperature. There is an ongoing debate regarding the most appropriate anatomical site for core temperature measurement. Although the measurement of body core temperature through a pulmonary artery catheter is commonly cited as the gold standard, the esophageal temperature measurement appears to be a reasonable and functional alternative in the clinical setting. This article provides an integrative review of invasive and noninvasive body temperature measurements and their relations to core temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hymczak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland;
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gołąb
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Konrad Mendrala
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Dariusz Plicner
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Tomasz Darocha
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Paweł Podsiadło
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Damian Hudziak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Radosław Gocoł
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Upper-Silesian Heart Center, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (D.H.); (R.G.)
| | - Sylweriusz Kosiński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
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183
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Burat B, Reynaerts A, Baiwir D, Fléron M, Eppe G, Leal T, Mazzucchelli G. Characterization of the Human Eccrine Sweat Proteome-A Focus on the Biological Variability of Individual Sweat Protein Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910871. [PMID: 34639210 PMCID: PMC8509809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of eccrine sweat as a bio-fluid of interest for diagnosis and personalized therapy has not yet been fully evaluated, due to the lack of in-depth sweat characterization studies. Thanks to recent developments in omics, together with the availability of accredited sweat collection methods, the analysis of human sweat may now be envisioned as a standardized, non-invasive test for individualized monitoring and personalized medicine. Here, we characterized individual sweat samples, collected from 28 healthy adult volunteers under the most standardized sampling methodology, by applying optimized shotgun proteomics. The thorough characterization of the sweat proteome allowed the identification of 983 unique proteins from which 344 were identified across all samples. Annotation-wise, the study of the sweat proteome unveiled the over-representation of newly addressed actin dynamics, oxidative stress and proteasome-related functions, in addition to well-described proteolysis and anti-microbial immunity. The sweat proteome composition correlated with the inter-individual variability of sweat secretion parameters. In addition, both gender-exclusive proteins and gender-specific protein abundances were highlighted, despite the high similarity between human female and male sweat proteomes. In conclusion, standardized sample collection coupled with optimized shotgun proteomics significantly improved the depth of sweat proteome coverage, far beyond previous similar studies. The identified proteins were involved in many diverse biological processes and molecular functions, indicating the potential of this bio-fluid as a valuable biological matrix for further studies. Addressing sweat variability, our results prove the proteomic profiling of sweat to be a promising bio-fluid analysis for individualized, non-invasive monitoring and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Burat
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, Liège Université, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (G.M.); Tel.: +32-(0)-4-366-34-11; Fax: +32-(0)-4-366-43-8 (G.M.)
| | - Audrey Reynaerts
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Dominique Baiwir
- GIGA Proteomics Facility, Liège Université, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Maximilien Fléron
- GIGA Proteomics Facility, Liège Université, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; (D.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Gauthier Eppe
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, Liège Université, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Teresinha Leal
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.R.); (T.L.)
| | - Gabriel Mazzucchelli
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, Liège Université, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (B.B.); (G.M.); Tel.: +32-(0)-4-366-34-11; Fax: +32-(0)-4-366-43-8 (G.M.)
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184
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Mazzaracchio V, Serani A, Fiore L, Moscone D, Arduini F. All-solid state ion-selective carbon black-modified printed electrode for sodium detection in sweat. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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185
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Kumar S, Kumar S. Absolute Temperature Thresholds for Detection of Skin Wetness and Dampness on the Hand and their Variation with Sex and Age. Perception 2021; 50:890-903. [PMID: 34541958 DOI: 10.1177/03010066211043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human body has dedicated receptors for sensing temperature and touch, but not wetness. How then is wetness perceived? To test if wetness perception arises from the sensory integration of touch and temperature, and to quantify its measurement in humans, we designed a wetness perception monitor (WPM) which enabled variation of temperature at the fingertips of participants while measuring the pressure exerted on a test surface in the controlled environment of a moisture-free chamber. Thirty randomly selected adults (18+ years) were tested for their perception of dampness/wetness using the WPM. Our data suggest that humans perceive dampness and wetness at average temperatures of 22 ± 0.4°C and 18 ± 0.5°C, respectively, and these sensations are extinguished at temperatures below 16 ± 1°C. Measurements were obtained at an average tactile pressure of 1.5 ± 0.3 kPa. Young adults (18-35 years) sensed wetness at significantly higher temperatures than middle-aged adults (36-55 years) or mature adults (56+ years), who sensed wetness at similar temperatures. We found a surprising sex difference in wetness perception, with females sensing wetness at higher temperatures than males. When the data were screened for outliers, we found that participants whose readings were outside normal ranges, self-reported sensory deficits suggesting that wetness perception could potentially be used as a noninvasive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kumar
- 284739Lawton Chiles High School, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Surabhi Kumar
- 284739Lawton Chiles High School, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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186
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Klous L, Folkerts M, Daanen H, Gerrett N. The effect of sweat sample storage condition on sweat content. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 8:254-261. [PMID: 34485619 PMCID: PMC8409746 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1867294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to time and logistical constraints sweat samples cannot always be analyzed immediately. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and duration on sweat electrolyte and metabolite concentrations. Twelve participants cycled for 60 min at 40 W.m−2 in 33°C and 65% RH. Using the absorbent patch technique, six sweat samples were collected from the posterior torso. Sweat from the six samples was mixed, divided again over six samples and placed in sealed vials. Sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and urea concentrations in one sample were determined immediately. Two samples were stored at room temperature (~25°C, 42% RH) for 7 and 28 days respectively. The remaining samples were frozen at −20°C for 1 h, 7 or 28 days respectively before analysis. Sweat sodium, chloride, potassium and urea concentrations were not affected by storage temperature and duration. Sweat lactate decreased (−1.8 ± 1.8 mmol.L−1, P = 0.007) and ammonia concentrations increased (5.1 ± 3.9 mmol.L−1, P = 0.017) after storage for 28 days at 25°C only. The storage temperature and duration did not affect sodium, chloride, potassium and urea concentrations. However, sweat samples should not be stored for longer than 7 days at 25°C to obtain reliable sweat lactate and ammonia concentrations. When samples are frozen at −20°C, the storage duration could be extended to 28 days for these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Klous
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Folkerts
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein Daanen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Gerrett
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mahlouji M, Alizadeh Vaghasloo M, Dadmehr M, Rezaeizadeh H, Nazem E, Tajadini H. Sweating as a Preventive Care and Treatment Strategy in Traditional Persian Medicine. Galen Med J 2021; 9:e2003. [PMID: 34466623 PMCID: PMC8343902 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v9i0.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper and regular sweating plays a significant thermoregulatory role. It is a common perception that, sweating has other important homeostatic functions such as clearance of excessive micronutrients, waste products of metabolic processes, and toxins from the body, which helps to maintain human good health. In addition, sweating, thermotherapy, and sauna are commonly used to treat various diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory and joint diseases. In traditional Persian medicine (PM) textbooks, sweating is considered a preventive care and treatment strategy as well. In this study, we aim to explain the beneficial effects of sweating in human health and its role in the management of various diseases, as well as introducing the therapeutic applications of some diaphoretic plants from the viewpoint of PM. We reviewed the most famous PM textbooks such as Kamil al-Sinaa al-Tibbiya, Al-Qānūn fī al-Tibb, Zakhireye Kharazmshahi, Kholasat al-Hikmat, Exir-e-Azam, and Hifzos-sihhat-e Naseri. Also, current evidence was searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and other relevant databases related to the topic. The results of this study revealed that PM scientists believed proper sweating removes waste products and maintains the body’s health, thus, any disturbances in the excretion of these waste products can cause diseases. They recommended the induction of sweating through hot and dry baths, sun bath, sand bath and also the use of diaphoretic herbs for the management of various diseases. Therefore, further researches are recommended to evaluate the effectiveness of these diaphoretic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Mahlouji
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Majid Dadmehr
- School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Nazem
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Tajadini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Correspondence to: Haleh Tajadini, MD-PhD, Assistant Professor of Persian Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Telephone Number: +989131972312 Email Address:
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188
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Jagannath B, Lin K, Pali M, Sankhala D, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Temporal profiling of cytokines in passively expressed sweat for detection of infection using wearable device. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10220. [PMID: 34589597 PMCID: PMC8459593 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the viability of passive eccrine sweat as a functional biofluid toward tracking the human body's inflammatory response. Cytokines are biomarkers that orchestrate the manifestation and progression of an infection/inflammatory event. Hence, noninvasive, real-time monitoring of cytokines can be pivotal in assessing the progression of infection/inflammatory event, which may be feasible through monitoring of host immune markers in eccrine sweat. This work is the first experimental proof demonstrating the ability to detect inflammation/infection such as fever, FLU directly from passively expressed sweat in human subjects using a wearable "SWEATSENSER" device. The developed SWEATSENSER device demonstrates stable, real-time monitoring of inflammatory cytokines in passive sweat. An accuracy of >90% and specificity >95% was achieved using SWEATSENSER for a panel of cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α) over an analytical range of 0.2-200 pg mL-1. The SWEATSENSER demonstrated a correlation of Pearson's r > 0.98 for the study biomarkers in a cohort of 26 subjects when correlated with standard reference method. Comparable IL-8 levels (2-15 pg mL-1) between systemic circulation (serum) and eccrine sweat through clinical studies in a cohort of 15 subjects, and the ability to distinguish healthy and sick (infection) cohort using inflammatory cytokines in sweat provides pioneering evidence of the SWEATSENSER technology for noninvasive tracking of host immune response biomarkers. Such a wearable device can offer significant strides in improving prognosis and provide personalized therapeutic treatment for several inflammatory/infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai‐Chun Lin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Madhavi Pali
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Devangsingh Sankhala
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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189
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Zhang J, Xu J, Lim J, Nolan JK, Lee H, Lee CH. Wearable Glucose Monitoring and Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Diabetes Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100194. [PMID: 33930258 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global cost of diabetes care exceeds $1 trillion each year with more than $327 billion being spent in the United States alone. Despite some of the advances in diabetes care including continuous glucose monitoring systems and insulin pumps, the technology associated with managing diabetes has largely remained unchanged over the past several decades. With the rise of wearable electronics and novel functional materials, the field is well-poised for the next generation of closed-loop diabetes care. Wearable glucose sensors implanted within diverse platforms including skin or on-tooth tattoos, skin-mounted patches, eyeglasses, contact lenses, fabrics, mouthguards, and pacifiers have enabled noninvasive, unobtrusive, and real-time analysis of glucose excursions in ambulatory care settings. These wearable glucose sensors can be integrated with implantable drug delivery systems, including an insulin pump, glucose responsive insulin release implant, and islets transplantation, to form self-regulating closed-loop systems. This review article encompasses the emerging trends and latest innovations of wearable glucose monitoring and implantable insulin delivery technologies for diabetes management with a focus on their advanced materials and construction. Perspectives on the current unmet challenges of these strategies are also discussed to motivate future technological development toward improved patient care in diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - James K. Nolan
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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190
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Manjakkal L, Yin L, Nathan A, Wang J, Dahiya R. Energy Autonomous Sweat-Based Wearable Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100899. [PMID: 34247412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous operation of wearable electronics demands reliable sources of energy, currently met through Li-ion batteries and various energy harvesters. These solutions are being used out of necessity despite potential safety issues and unsustainable environmental impact. Safe and sustainable energy sources can boost the use of wearables systems in diverse applications such as health monitoring, prosthetics, and sports. In this regard, sweat- and sweat-equivalent-based studies have attracted tremendous attention through the demonstration of energy-generating biofuel cells, promising power densities as high as 3.5 mW cm-2 , storage using sweat-electrolyte-based supercapacitors with energy and power densities of 1.36 Wh kg-1 and 329.70 W kg-1 , respectively, and sweat-activated batteries with an impressive energy density of 67 Ah kg-1 . A combination of these energy generating, and storage devices can lead to fully energy-autonomous wearables capable of providing sustainable power in the µW to mW range, which is sufficient to operate both sensing and communication devices. Here, a comprehensive review covering these advances, addressing future challenges and potential solutions related to fully energy-autonomous wearables is presented, with emphasis on sweat-based energy storage and energy generation elements along with sweat-based sensors as applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libu Manjakkal
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arokia Nathan
- Darwin College, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EU, UK
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, Centre of Wearable Sensors, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies (BEST) Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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191
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Finewax Z, Pagonis D, Claflin MS, Handschy AV, Brown WL, Jenks O, Nault BA, Day DA, Lerner BM, Jimenez JL, Ziemann PJ, de Gouw JA. Quantification and source characterization of volatile organic compounds from exercising and application of chlorine-based cleaning products in a university athletic center. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:1323-1339. [PMID: 33337567 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Humans spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, impacting their own air quality through occupancy and activities. Human VOC emissions indoors from exercise are still relatively uncertain, and questions remain about emissions from chlorine-based cleaners. To investigate these and other issues, the ATHLETic center study of Indoor Chemistry (ATHLETIC) campaign was conducted in the weight room of the Dal Ward Athletic Center at the University of Colorado Boulder. Using a Vocus Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (Vocus PTR-TOF), an Aerodyne Gas Chromatograph (GC), an Iodide-Chemical Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (I-CIMS), and Picarro cavity ringdown spectrometers, we alternated measurements between the weight room and supply air, allowing for determination of VOC, NH3 , H2 O, and CO2 emission rates per person (emission factors). Human-derived emission factors were higher than previous studies of measuring indoor air quality in rooms with individuals at rest and correlated with increased CO2 emission factors. Emission factors from personal care products (PCPs) were consistent with previous studies and typically decreased throughout the day. In addition, N-chloraldimines were observed in the gas phase after the exercise equipment was cleaned with a dichlor solution. The chloraldimines likely originated from reactions of free amino acids with HOCl on gym surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Finewax
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Demetrios Pagonis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Anne V Handschy
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wyatt L Brown
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Olivia Jenks
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin A Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas A Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jose L Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Paul J Ziemann
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Joost A de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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192
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Begrambekova YL, Orlova YA. Health benefits of aerobic exercise: known mechanisms and research potential. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of noncommunicable diseases, which is currently one of the main threats to health and well-being of mankind, makes us look for ways to prevent their development early. Low cardiorespiratory endurance due to a sedentary lifestyle is associated with high cardiovascular risk, all-cause and cancer mortality. Skeletal muscles are the most important secretory organ and is characterized by outstanding metabolic performance and endurance. Exercise-induced low-dose stress contributes to mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling of not only the muscular system, but also other systems involved in maintaining muscle activity, including regulating glucose and fat metabolism, maintaining immunity, and stimulating angiogenesis. These and other effects of physical activity are implements through the myokine system discovered in recent years. Shutting off the paracrine, exocrine and endocrine functions of muscles cannot be replenished in any other way and leads to disruption of vital adaptive processes. This review describes currently available evidence of unique role of aerobic physical activity in maintaining the human health, as well as to define the chain of pathological reactions during physical inactivity. The search was carried out in the Medline and PubMed Central databases for the keywords: cardiorespiratory endurance, non-communicable diseases, maximum oxygen consumption, myokines, interleukin-6, aerobic exercise.
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193
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Iitani K, Ramamurthy SS, Ge X, Rao G. Transdermal sensing: in-situ non-invasive techniques for monitoring of human biochemical status. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 71:198-205. [PMID: 34455345 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Improving life expectancy necessitates prevention and early diagnosis of any disease state based on active self-monitoring of symptoms and longitudinal biochemical profiling. Non-invasive and continuous measurement of molecular biomarkers that reflect metabolism and health must however be established to realize this plan. Human samples non-invasively obtained via the skin are suitable in this context for in-situ biochemical monitoring. We present a brief classification of transdermal sampling in aqueous and gaseous phases and then introduce a new generation of transdermal monitoring devices for rapid and accurate assessment of important parameters. Finally, we have summarized the diversity of body-wide skin characteristics that have possible effects for transdermal sampling. Because of its passive nature, in-situ biochemical monitoring via transdermal sampling will potentially lead to a greater understanding of important biochemical markers and their temporal variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iitani
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA; STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515134, India
| | - Xudong Ge
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA
| | - Govind Rao
- Center for Advanced Sensor Technology (CAST), Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250 USA.
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194
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Ghaffari R, Yang DS, Kim J, Mansour A, Wright JA, Model JB, Wright DE, Rogers JA, Ray TR. State of Sweat: Emerging Wearable Systems for Real-Time, Noninvasive Sweat Sensing and Analytics. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2787-2801. [PMID: 34351759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Ghaffari
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Da Som Yang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
| | - Amer Mansour
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - John A. Wright
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Model
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Donald E. Wright
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Epicore Biosystems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Tyler R. Ray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, United States
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195
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Arora G, Kassir M, Patil A, Sadeghi P, Gold MH, Adatto M, Grabbe S, Goldust M. Treatment of Axillary hyperhidrosis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:62-70. [PMID: 34416078 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axillary hyperhidrosis characterized by excessive sweating in the axillary regions is a frustrating chronic autonomic disorder leading to social embarrassment, impaired quality of life and usually associated with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis. Identifying the condition and its cause is central to the management. AIM The aim of this article is to discuss treatment options for axillary hyperhidrosis. METHODS Comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to review relevant published articles related to diagnosis and treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis. RESULTS Treatment modalities for axillary hyperhydrosis vary from topical and systemic agents to injectables, newer devices and surgical measures. None except for physical measures using devices or surgery, which destroys the sweat glands to remove them, is possibly permanent and most are associated with attendant side effects. CONCLUSION Several treatments including medical and surgical option are available for the treatment of axillary hyperhydrosis. Patient education is important component of its management. Individualized approach of management is necessary for optimal outcome of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhima Arora
- Department of Dermatology, Mehektagul Dermaclinic, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Anant Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Payam Sadeghi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael H Gold
- Gold Skin Care Center, Tennessee Clinical Research Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maurice Adatto
- Skinpulse Dermatology and Laser Centre, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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196
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Singaram S, Ramakrishnan K, Periasamy S. Quantification of sweat urea in diabetes using electro-optical technique. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34384074 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac1d3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one result of prolonged elevation in blood glucose level. When insulin secretion reduces, serum urea level increases and vice versa is also true. Hence monitoring urea level in blood is important in diabetic subjects. Any change in serum urea will have impact on sweat urea concentration. Attempted in this study is to develop an optical device for quantifying sweat urea concentration. It uses light sources, light sensors with time and intensity controlled operation and suitable calibration algorithm. Sweat samples are collected from group of volunteers belonging to control and diabetes. After sedimentation and suitable pre-processing, sweat samples are irradiated by primary colour light sources operated sequentially. Reflected light intensity is used to compute the sweat urea concentration. Obtained results when compared with standard lab techniques like UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and colorimeter, correlation of 98% with error less than 3% is achieved. Results also demonstrate elevation in sweat urea level with years of diabetes, in spite of serum urea level being within limits. We extended the study on kidney disease subject and observed the influence of blood glucose on urea. Therefore the proposed device can be used to measure sweat urea periodically so that any change can be observed at an early stage and diabetic nephropathy could be prevented at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Singaram
- Biomedical Engineering , Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Rajalakshmi Nagar, thnadalam, chennai, Chennai, 602105, INDIA
| | - Kalpana Ramakrishnan
- Biomedical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil nadu, 602105, INDIA
| | - Soundararajan Periasamy
- Department of Nephrology, Saveetha University Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
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197
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Mota-Rojas D, Wang D, Titto CG, Gómez-Prado J, Carvajal-de la Fuente V, Ghezzi M, Boscato-Funes L, Barrios-García H, Torres-Bernal F, Casas-Alvarado A, Martínez-Burnes J. Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2316. [PMID: 34438772 PMCID: PMC8388492 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China;
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves Titto
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Etologia, FZEA-USP, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Jocelyn Gómez-Prado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Marcelo Ghezzi
- Animal Welfare Area, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences (FCV), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina;
| | - Luciano Boscato-Funes
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Hugo Barrios-García
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
| | - Fabiola Torres-Bernal
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Casas-Alvarado
- Neurophysiology, Behavior and Animal Welfare Assessment, Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (J.G.-P.); (L.B.-F.); (F.T.-B.); (A.C.-A.)
| | - Julio Martínez-Burnes
- Animal Health Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Mexico; (V.C.-d.l.F.); (H.B.-G.)
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Kvasnička A, Friedecký D, Tichá A, Hyšpler R, Janečková H, Brumarová R, Najdekr L, Zadák Z. SLIDE-Novel Approach to Apocrine Sweat Sampling for Lipid Profiling in Healthy Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158054. [PMID: 34360820 PMCID: PMC8348598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a concept of 3D-printed attachment with porous glass filter disks—SLIDE (Sweat sampLIng DevicE) for easy sampling of apocrine sweat. By applying advanced mass spectrometry coupled with the liquid chromatography technique, the complex lipid profiles were measured to evaluate the reproducibility and robustness of this novel approach. Moreover, our in-depth statistical evaluation of the data provided an insight into the potential use of apocrine sweat as a novel and diagnostically relevant biofluid for clinical analyses. Data transformation using probabilistic quotient normalization (PQN) significantly improved the analytical characteristics and overcame the ‘sample dilution issue’ of the sampling. The lipidomic content of apocrine sweat from healthy subjects was described in terms of identification and quantitation. A total of 240 lipids across 15 classes were identified. The lipid concentrations varied from 10−10 to 10−4 mol/L. The most numerous class of lipids were ceramides (n = 61), while the free fatty acids were the most abundant ones (average concentrations of 10−5 mol/L). The main advantages of apocrine sweat microsampling include: (a) the non-invasiveness of the procedure and (b) the unique feature of apocrine sweat, reflecting metabolome and lipidome of the intracellular space and plasmatic membranes. The SLIDE application as a sampling technique of apocrine sweat brings a promising alternative, including various possibilities in modern clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Kvasnička
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - David Friedecký
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (R.B.); (L.N.)
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-58844-2619
| | - Alena Tichá
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics and Osteocenter, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Radomír Hyšpler
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics and Osteocenter, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Hana Janečková
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Radana Brumarová
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Lukáš Najdekr
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (R.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Zdeněk Zadák
- Department of Research and Development, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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199
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Abstract
Nowadays, we are assisting in the exceptional growth in research relating to the development of wearable devices for sweat analysis. Sweat is a biofluid that contains useful health information and allows a non-invasive, continuous and comfortable collection. For this reason, it is an excellent biofluid for the detection of different analytes. In this work, electrochemical sensors based on polyaniline thin films deposited on the flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide were studied. Polyaniline thin films were abstained by the potentiostatic deposition technique, applying a potential of +2 V vs. SCE for 90 s. To improve the sensor performance, the electronic substrate was modified with reduced graphene oxide, obtained at a constant potential of −0.8 V vs. SCE for 200 s, and then polyaniline thin films were electrodeposited on top of the as-deposited substrate. All samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, static contact angle and FT-IR/ATR analysis to correlate the physical-chemical features with the performance of the sensors. The obtained electrodes were tested as pH sensors in the range from 2 to 8, showing good behavior, with a sensitivity of 62.3 mV/pH, very close to a Nernstian response, and a reproducibility of 3.8%. Interference tests, in the presence of competing ions, aimed to verify the selectivity, were also performed. Finally, a real sweat sample was collected, and the sweat pH was quantified with both the proposed sensor and a commercial pH meter, showing an excellent concordance.
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200
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Betzalel N, Ben Ishai P, Einav S, Feldman Y. The AC conductivity of human sweat ducts as the dominant factor in the sub-THz reflection coefficient of skin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100027. [PMID: 33890427 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The helical nature of human sweat ducts, combined with the morphological and dielectric properties of skin, suggests electromagnetic activity in the sub-THz frequency band. A detailed electromagnetic simulation model of the skin, with embedded sweat ducts, was created. The model includes realistic dielectric properties based on the measured water content of each layer of skin, derived from Raman Spectroscopy. The model was verified by comparing it to measurements of the reflection coefficient of the palms of 13 volunteers in the frequency band 350-410 GHz. They were subjected to a measurement protocol intended to induce mental stress, thereby also activating the sweat glands. The Galvanic Skin Response was concurrently measured. Using the simulation model the optimal ac-conductivity for each measurement was found. The range of variation for all subjects was found to be from 100 S/m to a maximum value of 6000 S/m with averages of 1000 S/m. These are one order of magnitude increase from the accepted values for water at these frequencies (~100 s/m at 100 GHz). Considering the known biochemical mechanism for inducing perspiration, we conclude that these ac-conductivity levels are probably valid, even though the real time measurements of sweat ac-conductivity levels inside the duct are inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Betzalel
- The Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Paul Ben Ishai
- The Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Sharon Einav
- The Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuri Feldman
- The Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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