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ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111078. [PMID: 33153156 PMCID: PMC7693017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordinated actions between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.
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152
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Mir AR, Siddiqui H, Alam P, Hayat S. Melatonin modulates photosynthesis, redox status, and elemental composition to promote growth of Brassica juncea-a dose-dependent effect. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1685-1700. [PMID: 32778964 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is an antioxidant molecule, present throughout plant kingdom, animals, and microbes. It is a well-known free radical scavenger and modulates growth and development in plants against various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present study was done to investigate the role of MEL as a foliar spray on the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters in Brassica juncea cv. Varuna. Five different doses (10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 μM) of MEL were applied as foliar spray to the leaf of plant at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and continued up to 30 DAS once in a day. The plants were sampled at 30, 45, and 60 DAS to assess various parameters. The present results indicate that most of the parameters, i.e., growth, photosynthetic, nutrients, and enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner. MEL application reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities. Microscopic examinations further revealed a significant increase in the size of the stomatal aperture in the presence of MEL. Out of the various concentrations tested, 40 μM of MEL proved best and can be used for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anayat Rasool Mir
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University|, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Husna Siddiqui
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University|, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Parvej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University|, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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153
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Ma G, Zhang M, Xu J, Zhou W, Cao L. Transcriptomic analysis of short-term heat stress response in Pinellia ternata provided novel insights into the improved thermotolerance by spermidine and melatonin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110877. [PMID: 32574862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has been a major environmental factor limiting the growth and development of Pinellia ternata which is an important Chinese traditional medicine. It has been reported that spermidine (SPD) and melatonin (MLT) play pivotal roles in modulating heat stress response (HSR). However, the roles of SPD and MLT in HSR of P. ternata, and the potential mechanism is still unknown. Here, exogenous SPD and MLT treatments alleviated heat-induced damages in P. ternata, which was supported by the increased chlorophyll content, OJIP curve, and relative water content, and the decreased malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. Then, RNA sequencing between CK (control) and Heat (1 h of heat treatment) was conducted to analyze how genes were in response to short-term heat stress in P. ternata. A total of 14,243 (7870 up- and 6373 down-regulated) unigenes were differentially expressed after 1 h of heat treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed heat-responsive genes mainly included heat shock proteins (HSPs), ribosomal proteins, ROS-scavenging enzymes, genes involved in calcium signaling, hormone signaling transduction, photosynthesis, pathogen resistance, and transcription factors such as heat stress transcription factors (HSFs), NACs, WRKYs, and bZIPs. Among them, PtABI5, PtNAC042, PtZIP17, PtSOD1, PtHSF30, PtHSFB2b, PtERF095, PtWRKY75, PtGST1, PtHSP23.2, PtHSP70, and PtLHC1 were significantly regulated by SPD or MLT treatment with same or different trends under heat stress condition, indicating that exogenous application of MLT and SPD might enhance heat tolerance in P. ternata through regulating these genes but may with different regulatory patterns. These findings contributed to the identification of potential genes involved in short-term HSR and the improved thermotolerance by MLT and SPD in P. ternata, which provided important clues for improving thermotolerance of P. ternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjing Ma
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Meide Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Jilei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wuxian Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Liwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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154
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Khan TA, Fariduddin Q, Nazir F, Saleem M. Melatonin in business with abiotic stresses in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1931-1944. [PMID: 33088040 PMCID: PMC7548266 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) is the potential biostimulator molecule, governing multiple range of growth and developmental processes in plants, particularly under different environmental constrains. Mainly, its role is considered as an antioxidant molecule that copes with oxidative stress through scavenging of reactive oxygen species and modulation of stress related genes. It also enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities and thus helps in regulating the redox hemostasis in plants. Apart from its broad range of antioxidant functions, it is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes such as germination, lateral root growth and senescence in plants. Moreover this multifunctional molecule takes much interest due to its recent identification and characterization of receptorCandidate G-protein-Coupled Receptor 2/Phytomelatonin receptor(CAND2/PMTR1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this compiled work, different aspects of melatonin in plants such as melatonin biosynthesis and detection in plants, signaling pathway, modulation of stress related genes and physiological role of melatonin under different environmental stresses have been dissected in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Faroza Nazir
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Mohd Saleem
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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155
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Bai Y, Guo J, Reiter RJ, Wei Y, Shi H. Melatonin synthesis enzymes interact with ascorbate peroxidase to protect against oxidative stress in cassava. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5645-5655. [PMID: 32474586 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important indole amine hormone in animals and plants. The enzymes that catalyse melatonin synthesis positively regulate plant stress responses through modulation of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the relationship between melatonin biosynthetic enzymes and ROS-scavenging enzymes has not been characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that two enzymes of the melatonin synthesis pathway in Manihot esculenta (MeTDC2 and MeASMT2) directly interact with ascorbate peroxidase (MeAPX2) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Notably, in the presence of MeTDC2 and MeASMT2, MeAPX2 showed significantly higher activity and antioxidant capacity than the purified MeAPX2 protein alone. These findings indicate that MeTDC2-MeAPX2 and MeASMT2-MeAPX2 interactions both activate APX activity and increase antioxidant capacity. In addition, the combination of MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeAPX2 conferred improved resistance to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Moreover, this combination also positively regulates oxidative stress tolerance in cassava. Taken together, these findings not only reveal a direct interaction between MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeAPX2, but also highlight the importance of this interaction in regulating redox homoeostasis and stress tolerance in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan province, China
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156
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Goodarzi A, Namdjoyan S, Soorki AA. Effects of exogenous melatonin and glutathione on zinc toxicity in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110853. [PMID: 32563160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicity caused by 500 μM ZnSO4.7H2O and its detoxifying by co-application of 100 μM of MT melatonin (MT) and glutathione (GSH) in 6-week-old safflower plants have been investigated. Reduced biomass production and total chlorophyll content on the one hand and increased content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) with increase in lipoxygenase activity, on the other hand, showed Zn- induced oxidative damage in safflower seedlings. When MT, GSH and especially MT + GSH exogenously were applied to Zn-stressed seedlings, the content of H2O2, MDA and the activity of lipoxygenase considerably decreased. In Zn- treated seedlings, the application of these signaling molecules led to a considerable increment in ascorbate (ASC), GSH and phytochelatin (PC) contents along with the induction of activity of antioxidant enzymes including ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes when compared with the plants stressed with Zn only. In Zn-stressed safflower seedlings treated with MT, GSH and MT + GSH, decreased activity of enzymes involved in glyoxalase system may be associated with the role of MT and GSH in reducing Zn uptake and reducing Zn-induced toxicity and subsequently, lower plant's defense responses. The data showed that the effects of MT and GSH, in particular, the combination of these two molecules in reducing Zn uptake and diminishing its accumulation in the shoots of safflower seedlings, and also the participation of MT and GSH on increasing plant ability to tolerate high amount of Zn through stimulation of various antioxidant defense systems suggest them as suitable candidates to better the survival of safflower in soils contaminated with Zn excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiyeh Goodarzi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Namdjoyan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Abolhasani Soorki
- ACECR-Research Institute of Applied Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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157
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Ilahy R, Tlili I, Pék Z, Montefusco A, Siddiqui MW, Homa F, Hdider C, R'Him T, Lajos H, Lenucci MS. Pre- and Post-harvest Factors Affecting Glucosinolate Content in Broccoli. Front Nutr 2020; 7:147. [PMID: 33015121 PMCID: PMC7511755 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to several presumed health-promoting biological activities, increased attention is being given to natural plant chemicals, especially those frequently entering the human diet. Glucosinolates (GLs) are the main bioactive compounds found in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Their regular dietary assumption has been correlated with reduced risk of various types of neoplasms (lung, colon, pancreatic, breast, bladder, and prostate cancers), some degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, and decreased incidence of cardiovascular pathologies. GL's synthesis pathway and regulation mechanism have been elucidated mainly in Arabidopsis. However, nearly 56 putative genes have been identified as involved in the B. oleracea GL pathway. It is widely recognized that there are several pre-harvest (genotype, growing environment, cultural practices, ripening stage, etc.) and post-harvest (harvesting, post-harvest treatments, packaging, storage, etc.) factors that affect GL synthesis, profiles, and levels in broccoli. Understanding how these factors act and interact in driving GL accumulation in the edible parts is essential for developing new broccoli cultivars with improved health-promoting bioactivity. In this regard, any systematic and comprehensive review outlining the effects of pre- and post-harvest factors on the accumulation of GLs in broccoli is not yet available. Thus, the goal of this paper is to fill this gap by giving a synoptic overview of the most relevant and recent literature. The existence of substantial cultivar-to-cultivar variation in GL content in response to pre-harvest factors and post-harvest manipulations has been highlighted and discussed. The paper also stresses the need for adapting particular pre- and post-harvest procedures for each particular genotype in order to maintain nutritious, fresh-like quality throughout the broccoli value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ilahy
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Imen Tlili
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zoltán Pék
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Montefusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
| | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Fozia Homa
- Department of Statistics, Mathematics, and Computer Application, Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Chafik Hdider
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya R'Him
- Laboratory of Horticulture, National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helyes Lajos
- Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Horticultural Institute, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcello Salvatore Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento (DiSTeBA), Lecce, Italy
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158
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Zafar S, Akhtar M, Perveen S, Hasnain Z, Khalil A. Attenuating the adverse aspects of water stress on wheat genotypes by foliar spray of melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1751-1762. [PMID: 32943813 PMCID: PMC7468015 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is important due to its involvement in regulation of diverse mechanisms in plants. Its presence in plants is universal and provides primary defense against environmental stresses. In this study the effect of foliarly applied indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) and melatonin (control, 100, 150 µg/g each) on wheat seedling growth under water deficit condition was examined. The mitigation of stress was seen in melatonin treated wheat plants facing abiotic stress, with less accumulation of the H2O2, MDA and anthocyanin. A marked decrease in chlorophyll, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, phenolic contents and yield- related attributes was noticed in stressed condition. Treatment with melatonin and IAA alleviated stress induced decrease in biochemical attributes, and growth of wheat plants in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase in yield was achieved by melatonin treatments in Ujala-2016 under limited water supply. It is worthy to mention that melatonin spray at 150 µg/g followed by IAA proved to be the most pronounced treatment in the buildup of osmolytes and regulation of antioxidant defense system with increase in yield under water limited environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zafar
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Zuhair Hasnain
- PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Attock Campus, Attock, Pakistan
| | - Aansa Khalil
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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159
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Vafadar F, Amooaghaie R, Ehsanzadeh P, Ghanadian M, Talebi M, Ghanati F. Melatonin and calcium modulate the production of rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin in Dracocephalum kotschyi under salinity stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 177:112422. [PMID: 32593901 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) and calcium (Ca2+) have a regulatory role in the induction of specialized metabolites production and defensive responses against stresses. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Mel and Ca2+ and the possible relationship between them in the increase of the production of phenolic compounds in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. under both control and salinity stress conditions were investigated. The results showed that 75 mM NaCl reduced shoot dry biomass but elevated H2O2 content, electrolyte leakage (EL) level, total phenolic and flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), and DPPH scavenging capacity. Salinity stress also upregulated gene expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS), as well as the activities of PAL and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) enzymes. Pre-treatment of the plants with CaCl2 and Mel affected these attributes in a dose-dependent manner. Application of 5 mM Ca2+ and 100 μM Mel improved shoot dry biomass and reduced the level of EL and H2O2 content but enhanced TPC and TFC, DPPH scavenging capacity, PAL and TAL activities, PAL and RAS transcripts, and content of rosmarinic acid (RA), luteolin flavone (LF) and apigenin flavone (AF) under salinity stress. Pre-treatment of D. kotschyi with lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) as a plasma membrane channel blocker, ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) as a Ca2+ chelator and trifluoperazine (TFP) as a calmodulin (CaM) antagonist, impaired Mel effects on the above attributes under salinity stress. In contrast, pre-treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), as an inhibitor of Mel biosynthesis, did not impair the impacts of Ca2+ on the production of phenolic compounds in salt-exposed plants. These results suggested that the effect of Mel on the induction of phenolic compounds production requires the influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the cells and is dependent on Ca2+/CaM signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Vafadar
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Parviz Ehsanzadeh
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Majid Talebi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), POB141115-154, Tehran, Iran.
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160
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Debnath B, Li M, Liu S, Pan T, Ma C, Qiu D. Melatonin-mediate acid rain stress tolerance mechanism through alteration of transcriptional factors and secondary metabolites gene expression in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110720. [PMID: 32470680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a widespread environmental issue intensely affecting normal plant growth of crops. Melatonin is well known pleiotropic molecule which improves abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of plants through physiological and molecular mediation. However, the impact of exogenous melatonin on molecular activities under acid rain conditions in plants has never been studied. The objective of the study is to expose the possible role of exogenous melatonin on physiological and molecular changes against acid rain stress in tomato. Transcriptome profile through RNA-sequence analysis identified 1228, 1120 and 1537 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control plant (Ctr) vs simulated acid rain stressed plant (P25) comparison, control plant vs melatonin treatment in simulated acid rain stressed plant (P25M) comparison and P25 vs P25M comparison, respectively. Among them, 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly expressed and the expression of secondary metabolites related gene was noticeably observed in all comparison. Moreover, transcript families such as ERF, WRKY, MYB and bZIP related gene accounted more in all treatment comparison. The RNA-sequence and qPCR results indicated that exogenous melatonin is closely associated with acid rain stress moderator and might be involved in alteration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and transcriptional factor encoding genes expression which might have potential application against environmental hazardous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Cuilan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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161
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Sun Q, Liu L, Zhang L, Lv H, He Q, Guo L, Zhang X, He H, Ren S, Zhang N, Zhao B, Guo YD. Melatonin promotes carotenoid biosynthesis in an ethylene-dependent manner in tomato fruits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110580. [PMID: 32771141 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In tomato, red color is a key commercial trait and arises from the accumulation of carotenoids. Previous studies have revealed that melatonin promotes lycopene accumulation and ethylene production. However, it is unclear if melatonin similarly increases other carotenoids, and whether any increase of carotenoids in tomato fruit is directly related to ethylene production. In this study, changes in carotenoid profiles during fruit ripening were investigated in control (CK) and in fruits treated with melatonin (M50). The α, β-carotene, and lycopene levels were significantly increased in M50, and there was increased carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression. We also observed up-regulated transcript levels of SlRIN, SlCNR, and SlNOR in M50 compared to CK. To better understand the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by melatonin and its potential response to endogenous ethylene, we tested an ethylene-insensitive mutant, Never ripe (Nr). Melatonin-treated Nr failed to accumulate more carotenoids compared to CK, although there was significantly changed ethylene production. Additionally, there was no general upregulation of expression of ripening-related genes in this mutant under melatonin treatment. These results suggest melatonin function might require ethylene to promote carotenoid synthesis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lun Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing He
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Luqin Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongju He
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Ren
- School of Agriculture, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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162
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Stomata and Xylem Vessels Traits Improved by Melatonin Application Contribute to Enhancing Salt Tolerance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brassica napus L. Plants. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a limiting factor for the growth and yield quality of rapeseed. The potentiality of melatonin (MT; 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) application as a seed priming agent in mediating K+/Na+ homeostasis and preventing the salinity stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in two rapeseed cultivars. We found that 50 µM MT treatment imparted a very prominent impact on growth, metabolism of antioxidants, photosynthesis, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, yield, and fatty acids composition. Days required for appearance of first flower and 50% flowering were decreased by MT application. Exogenous MT treatment effectively decreased the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide under saline and non-saline conditions, as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation, heightened membrane stability, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Furthermore, MT application enhanced the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, relative water content, K+/Na+ homeostasis, soluble sugars, and proline content. Moreover, MT application obviously improved the oil quality of rapeseed cultivars by reducing glucosinolates, saturated fatty acids (palmitic and arachidic acids), and enhancing unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and oleic acids except erucic acid were reduced). Yield related-traits such as silique traits, seed yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed oil content, and yield biomass traits were enhanced by MT application. The anatomical analysis of leaf and stem showed that stomatal and xylem vessels traits are associated with sodium chloride tolerance, yield, and seed fatty acid composition. These results suggest the supportive role of MT on the quality and quantity of rapeseed oil yield.
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163
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Li D, Batchelor WD, Zhang D, Miao H, Li H, Song S, Li R. Analysis of melatonin regulation of germination and antioxidant metabolism in different wheat cultivars under polyethylene glycol stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237536. [PMID: 32790719 PMCID: PMC7425870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is effective in enhancing various abiotic stress resistances of plants. However, its underlying mechanisms in drought-resistance in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is not clear. The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of melatonin on seed germination and to evaluate leaf antioxidant physiology for two wheat varieties. Experiments included 20% PEG, melatonin plus 20% PEG and a control using two contrasting wheat varieties (JM22– drought sensitive and HG35– drought resistant). Melatonin levels were 0, 1, 10, 100 and 300 μmol L-1. Results revealed that 300 μmol L-1 of melatonin alleviated the negative effect of water stress on germination and increased radicle length, radicle number, and plumule length of the germinated seeds. Principal component analysis showed a significant change in amino acid content during germination and this change was dependent on melatonin concentration and the variety. Lysine (Lys) content in wheat seeds under the PEG plus 300 μmol L-1 melatonin treatment increased compared with that of the seeds under PEG alone. There was a significant and positive correlation between Lys content and morphological index of germination. During seedling growth, soluble protein was involved in osmotic adjustment and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased to mitigate the damage in the cytomembrane of JM 22 leaf under 300 μmol L-1 melatonin plus PEG treatment. The effect of melatonin was dependent on SOD activity increasing significantly for HG35—a drought resistant variety. The results of this work lays a foundation for further studies to determine if melatonin can be economically used to mitigate the impact of dry planting conditions on wheat productivity in North China Plain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - William D. Batchelor
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hanxiao Miao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shijia Song
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
- * E-mail:
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164
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Wei Y, Bai Y, Cheng X, Zhu B, Reiter RJ, Shi H. The dual roles of melatonin biosynthesis enzymes in the coordination of melatonin biosynthesis and autophagy in cassava. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12652. [PMID: 32201970 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both autophagy and melatonin play important roles in plant development and stress response. However, the direct correlation between autophagy and melatonin as well as the underlying mechanism remains elusive in plants. In this study, we discovered that the expression of three autophagy-associated genes (MeATG8b, 8c, and 8e) and autophagic activity were induced by exogenous melatonin treatment in cassava. In addition, three melatonin biosynthesis enzymes (tryptophan decarboxylase 2 (MeTDC2), N-aceylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2), and MeASMT3) positively regulate endogenous melatonin level and autophagic activity. Further investigation showed that these melatonin biosynthesis enzymes interacted with MeATG8b/8c/8e in vivo and in vitro. Consistently, MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeASMT3 also positively regulate endogenous melatonin level and autophagic activity in cassava. Notably, overexpression of MeATG8b, 8c, and 8e facilitated the protein expression level of MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeASMT3 in vivo. Taken together, melatonin synthesis enzymes (MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3) interact with MeATG8b/8c/8e and thus coordinate the dynamics of melatonin biosynthesis and autophagic activity in cassava, highlighting the links between melatonin biosynthesis and autophagic activity in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxie Wei
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yujing Bai
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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165
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Ayyaz A, Amir M, Umer S, Iqbal M, Bano H, Gul HS, Noor Y, Kanwal A, Khalid A, Javed M, Athar HR, Zafar ZU, Farooq MA. Melatonin induced changes in photosynthetic efficiency as probed by OJIP associated with improved chromium stress tolerance in canola ( Brassica napus L.). Heliyon 2020; 6:e04364. [PMID: 32695901 PMCID: PMC7360888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium toxicity is considered as a major problem for agricultural soil that reduced crop productivity by affecting photosynthetic tissues. Exogenous application of melatonin can alleviate the adverse effects of chromium toxicity on plant growth. However, little is known about its effect on thylakoidal protein complexes responsible for conversion of solar energy to biochemical energy. Chlorophyll fluorescence a transients considered one of the best non-invasive and rapid method for the evaluation of photosynthetic (Photosystem II) efficiency of plants and plant health under environmental stress conditions. In the present study, three-week old plants of two canola cultivars AC-Excel and DGL were applied to melatonin (0, 1, 5, 10 μM) when grown under chromium stress (0, 50 and 100 μM) for further two weeks. Chromium stress reduced the growth (fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots) of both canola cultivars and exogenous application of 5 and 10 μM melatonin improved the growth of canola at 50 or 100 μM chromium stress. This improvement was greater in cv DGL than in AC-Excel. Increasing chromium decreased the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). However, 5 and 10 μM melatonin application improved chlorophyll a at 50 μM chromium stress. Structural stability and efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) measured as performance index (PIABS) and ratios of fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo) Fv decreased due to chromium stress. JIP-test parameters showed that chromium stress increased the absorption and trapping fluxes with decrease in electron transport fluxes which caused the damage to reaction centers (RC), detachment of oxygen evolving complex (OEC) from RC or inefficiency of electron transfer from OEC to RC. Such adverse effects were greater in cv AC-Excel. However exogenous application of melatonin improved PIABS, electron transport per reaction center (ET/RC), reduced variable fluorescence at J step (VJ) reflecting melatonin protected PSII from chromium stress induced damage by protecting OEC. Thus, OJIP fluorescence transients are quite helpful for understanding the intersystem electron transport beyond photosystem II in canola cultivars due to melatonin application under chromium stress. Findings Exogenous application of melatonin alleviated toxic effects of chromium on plant growth of canola by modulating photosynthesis, enhanced photosystem II efficiency and regulation of electron transport flux to protect photo-inhibition of PSII from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Amir
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sarah Umer
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, University of Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Hussan Bano
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Saima Gul
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Yamna Noor
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Kanwal
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, University of Education, Sub Campus Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Habib R Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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166
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ElSayed AI, Boulila M, Rafudeen MS, Mohamed AH, Sengupta S, Rady M, Omar AA. Melatonin Regulatory Mechanisms and Phylogenetic Analyses of Melatonin Biosynthesis Related Genes Extracted from Peanut under Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070854. [PMID: 32640740 PMCID: PMC7411912 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin improves the tolerance of plants to various environmental stresses by protecting plant cells against oxidative stress damage. The objective of the current study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin (MT) treatments could help protecting peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seedlings against salinity stress. This was achieved by investigating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems and the expression of melatonin biosynthesis related genes in response to salinity stress with or without exogenous MT. The results showed a significant increase in the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peanut seedlings under salinity stress. The exogenous application of melatonin decreased the levels of ROS through the activation of antioxidant enzymes in peanut seedlings under salinity stress. Transcription levels of melatonin biosynthesis related genes such as N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT1, ASMT2, ASMT3), tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), and tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H) were up-regulated with a 150 µM melatonin treatment under salinity stress. The results indicated that melatonin regulated the redox homeostasis by its ability to induce either enzymatic or non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of melatonin biosynthesis genes (ASMT1, ASMT2, ASMT3, TDC, T5H) were performed on a total of 56 sequences belonging to various plant species including five new sequences extracted from Arachis hypogaea (A. hypogaea). This was based on pairwise comparison among aligned nucleotides and predicted amino acids as well as on substitution rates, and phylogenetic inference. The analyzed sequences were heterogeneous and the A. hypogaea accessions were primarily closest to those of Manihot esculenta, but this needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Moncef Boulila
- Université de Sfax- Institut de l’Olivier- B.P. 14, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4061, Tunisia;
| | - Mohammed S. Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;
| | - Azza H. Mohamed
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
- Correspondence: (A.H.M.); (A.A.O.); Tel.: +1-863-521-4886 (A.H.M.), +1-863-521-4569 (A.A.O.); Fax: +1-863-956-4631 (A.H.M.); +1-863-956-4631 (A.A.O.)
| | - Sonali Sengupta
- School of Plant, Environmental and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University, Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - Mostafa Rady
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Ahmad A. Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
- Correspondence: (A.H.M.); (A.A.O.); Tel.: +1-863-521-4886 (A.H.M.), +1-863-521-4569 (A.A.O.); Fax: +1-863-956-4631 (A.H.M.); +1-863-956-4631 (A.A.O.)
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167
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Sami A, Shah FA, Abdullah M, Zhou X, Yan Y, Zhu Z, Zhou K. Melatonin mitigates cadmium and aluminium toxicity through modulation of antioxidant potential in Brassica napus L. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:679-690. [PMID: 32003103 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has emerged as an essential molecule in plants, due to its role in defence against metal toxicity. Aluminium (Al) and cadmium (Cd) toxicity inhibit rapeseed seedling growth. In this study, we applied different doses of melatonin (50 and 100 µm) to alleviate Al (25 µm) and Cd (25 µm) stress in rapeseed seedlings. Results show that Al and Cd caused toxicity in rapeseed seedling, as evidenced by a decrease in height, biomass and antioxidant enzyme activity. Melatonin increased the expression of melatonin biosynthesis-related Brassica napus genes for caffeic acid O-methyl transferase (BnCOMT) under Al and Cd stress. The genes BnCOMT-1, BnCOMT-5 and BnCOMT-8 showed up-regulated expression, while BnCOMT-4 and BnCOMT-6 were down-regulated during incubation in water. Melatonin application increased the germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. Melatonin supplementation under Al and Cd stress increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, proline, chlorophyll and anthocyanin content, as well as photosynthesis rate. Both Cd and Al treatments significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels in rapeseed seedlings, which were strictly counterbalanced by melatonin. Analysis of Cd and Al in different subcellular compartments showed that melatonin enhanced cell wall and soluble fractions, but reduced the vacuolar and organelle fractions in Al- and Cd-treated seedlings. These results suggest that melatonin-induced improvements in antioxidant potential, biomass, photosynthesis rate and successive Cd and Al sequestration play a pivotal role in plant tolerance to Al and Cd stress. This mechanism may have potential implications in safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sami
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - F A Shah
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - M Abdullah
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - X Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Yan
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - K Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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168
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Ahmad S, Su W, Kamran M, Ahmad I, Meng X, Wu X, Javed T, Han Q. Foliar application of melatonin delay leaf senescence in maize by improving the antioxidant defense system and enhancing photosynthetic capacity under semi-arid regions. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:1079-1092. [PMID: 32146513 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01491-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important plant growth regulator which plays a key role in plant growth and development. The objective of the current research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of melatonin (MF) on photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant defense mechanism, and its relation with leaf senescence in maize crop grown in a semi-arid region. A field experiment was conducted during 2017 and 2018 growth season, where melatonin was applied to the foliage at concentrations of 0 (MF0), 25 (MF1), 50 (MF2), and 75 (MF3) μM at the ninth leaf stage. Foliar application of melatonin significantly improved chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content during the process of leaf senescence. The application of melatonin also enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, while reduced malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Melatonin foliar application also increased total leaf area per plant, grains per ear, thousand grain weight and grain yield of maize crop in a semi-arid region. The application of melatonin significantly improved photosynthetic activity, antioxidant defense mechanism, and yield of maize crop in a semi-arid region, where the most effective treatment was MF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wennan Su
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tehseen Javed
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Qingfang Han
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education/Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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169
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He J, Zhuang X, Zhou J, Sun L, Wan H, Li H, Lyu D. Exogenous melatonin alleviates cadmium uptake and toxicity in apple rootstocks. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:746-761. [PMID: 32159805 PMCID: PMC7107249 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To examine the potential roles of melatonin in cadmium (Cd) uptake, accumulation and detoxification in Malus plants, we exposed two different apple rootstocks varying greatly in Cd uptake and accumulation to either 0 or 30 μM Cd together with 0 or 100 μM melatonin. Cadmium stress stimulated endogenous melatonin production to a greater extent in the Cd-tolerant Malus baccata Borkh. than in the Cd-susceptible Malus micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin'. Melatonin application attenuated Cd-induced reductions in growth, photosynthesis and enzyme activity, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation. Melatonin treatment more effectively restored photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and biomass in Cd-challenged M. micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin' than in Cd-stressed M. baccata. Exogenous melatonin lowered root Cd2+ uptake, reduced leaf Cd accumulation, decreased Cd translocation factors and increased root, stem and leaf melatonin contents in both Cd-exposed rootstocks. Melatonin application increased both antioxidant concentrations and enzyme activities to scavenge Cd-induced ROS. Exogenous melatonin treatment altered the mRNA levels of several genes regulating Cd uptake, transport and detoxification including HA7, NRAMP1, NRAMP3, HMA4, PCR2, NAS1, MT2, ABCC1 and MHX. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous melatonin reduced aerial parts Cd accumulation and mitigated Cd toxicity in Malus plants, probably due to the melatonin-mediated Cd allocation in tissues, and induction of antioxidant defense system and transcriptionally regulated key genes involved in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an, 271000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Name: Deguo Lyu, Telephone: 0086-24-88487219, E-mail: Deguo Lyu ()
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170
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Qiao Y, Ren J, Yin L, Liu Y, Deng X, Liu P, Wang S. Exogenous melatonin alleviates PEG-induced short-term water deficiency in maize by increasing hydraulic conductance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:218. [PMID: 32410579 PMCID: PMC7227339 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water deficiency is likely to become more frequent and intense as a result of global climate change, which may severely impact agricultural production in the world. The positive effects of melatonin (MEL) on alleviation drought or osmotic stress-induced water deficiency in plants has been well reported. However, the underlying mechanism of MEL on the detailed process of plant water uptake and transport under water deficiency condition remains largely unknown. RESULTS Application of 1 μM MEL led to enhanced tolerance to water deficiency stress in maize seedlings, as evidenced by maintaining the higher photosynthetic parameters, leaf water status and plant transpiration rate. The relatively higher whole-plant hydraulic conductance (Kplant) and root hydraulic conductance (Lpr) in MEL-treated seedlings suggest that exogenous MEL alleviated water deficiency stress by promoting root water absorption. HgCl2 (aquaporin inhibitor) treatment inhibit the transpiration rate in MEL-treated plants greater than those of MEL-untreated; after recovery by dithiothreitol (DTT, anti-inhibitor), the transpiration rate in MEL-treated plants increased much higher than those of untreated plants. Moreover, under water deficiency, the transcription level of aquaporin genes was up-regulated by MEL application, and the H2O2 was less accumulated in MEL-treated root. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous MEL promoted aquaporin activity, which contributed to the maintaining of Lpr and Kplant under short-term water deficiency. The increased water uptake and transport lead to improved water status and thus increased tolerance to PEG-induced short-term water deficiency in maize seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jianhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lina Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yijian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Peng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018 China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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171
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Exogenous Melatonin Improves Salt Tolerance by Mitigating Osmotic, Ion, and Oxidative Stresses in Maize Seedlings. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been confirmed extensively for the positive effects on increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, the roles of melatonin in mediating different stresses still need to be explored in different plants species and growth periods. To investigate the role of melatonin in mitigating salt stress, maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings growing in hydroponic solution were treated with 100 mM NaCl combined with or without 1 μM melatonin. Melatonin application had no effects on maize growth under normal condition, while it moderately alleviated the NaCl-induced inhibition of plant growth. The leaf area, biomass, and photosynthesis of melatonin-treated plants were higher than that of without melatonin under NaCl treatment. The osmotic potential was lower, and the osmolyte contents (including sucrose and fructose) were higher in melatonin-treated plants. Meanwhile, the decreases in Na+ content and increases in K+/Na+ ratio were found in shoots of melatonin-applied plant under salt stress. Moreover, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly increased in leaves with melatonin application under salt treatment. These results clearly indicate that the exogenous melatonin-enhanced salt tolerance under short-term treatment could be ascribed to three aspects, including osmotic adjustment, ion balance, and alleviation of salt-induced oxidative stress.
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172
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Wang X, Zhang H, Xie Q, Liu Y, Lv H, Bai R, Ma R, Li X, Zhang X, Guo YD, Zhang N. SlSNAT Interacts with HSP40, a Molecular Chaperone, to Regulate Melatonin Biosynthesis and Promote Thermotolerance in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:909-921. [PMID: 32065633 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The SNAT enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of melatonin, which is reported to regulate thermotolerance in many plants. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato. SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively. The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type. The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%. Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm. The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress. HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast. Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT and together participated in melatonin-related thermotolerance regulation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyue Bai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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173
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Sun C, Lv T, Huang L, Liu X, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin ameliorates aluminum toxicity through enhancing aluminum exclusion and reestablishing redox homeostasis in roots of wheat. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12642. [PMID: 32092171 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a universal regulator modulating plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. The alteration and potential roles of melatonin in mediating aluminum (Al) tolerance were investigated in two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance. Using the high-resolution mass spectrometry, we observed that melatonin contents in Xi Aimai-1 were 1.7-fold higher than that in Yangmai-5. Application of melatonin conferred Al resistance in both genotypes. Melatonin treatment scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and alleviated Al-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins by stimulating antioxidant enzymes and augmenting antioxidants. Additionally, melatonin treatment decreased root tip-Al contents by 19.0% and 15.5% in Xi Aimai-1 and Yangmai-5, respectively. Malate efflux, however, was not altered by melatonin under Al stress. The amount of cell wall polysaccharide and pectin methylesterase activity was significantly increased by Al treatment; but suppressed by melatonin. Melatonin synthesis inhibitor, p-CPA, significantly increased the amount of the Al binding in cell walls of the tolerant genotype, whereas exogenous melatonin decreased cell wall Al content in the sensitive genotype. These results suggest that melatonin alleviated Al toxicity through augmenting antioxidants and inducing antioxidant enzymes to control ROS and enhancing exclusion of Al from root apex by altering cell wall polysaccharides in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer Administration Station, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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174
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Sadak MS, Bakry BA. Alleviation of drought stress by melatonin foliar treatment on two flax varieties under sandy soil. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:907-919. [PMID: 32377041 PMCID: PMC7196597 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of melatonin treatments on improving plant tolerance against drought stress is clear, while its special role and influences are poorly investigated. Thus, the effect of external treatment with different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) of melatonin on two varieties of flax plant (Letwania-9 and Sakha-2) growth, some biochemical aspects and yield under normal [100% water irrigation requirements (WIR)] and drought stress conditions (75% and 50% WIR) in sandy soil were investigated in this study. Drought stress decreased significantly different growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of the two studied flax varieties. While, it increased significantly phenolic contents, total soluble sugars (TSS), proline and free amino acids as well as some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Meanwhile, external treatment of melatonin (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) increased significantly different growth and yield parameters as well as the studied biochemical and physiological aspects under 100% WIR. Also, melatonin treatment could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress and increased significantly growth parameters, yield and quality of the two varieties of flax plant via improving photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, phenolic, TSS, proline free amino acids contents and antioxidant enzyme systems, as compared with their corresponding untreated controls. Foliar treatment of 5.0 mM melatonin showed the greatest growth, the studied biochemical aspects and yield quantity and quality of Letwania-9 and Sakha-2 varieties of flax plants either at normal irrigation or under stress conditions. Finally we can conclude that, melatonin treatment improved and alleviated the reduced effect of drought stress on growth and yield of two flax varieties through enhancing photosynthetic pigment, osmoptrotectants and antioxidant enzyme systems. 5 mM was the most effective concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Shamoon Sadak
- Botany Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bakry Ahmed Bakry
- Field Crop Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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175
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Bidabadi SS, VanderWeide J, Sabbatini P. Exogenous melatonin improves glutathione content, redox state and increases essential oil production in two Salvia species under drought stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6883. [PMID: 32327687 PMCID: PMC7181808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to understand the influence of foliar applied melatonin (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM) on two Salvia species (Salvia nemorosa L., and Salvia reuterana Boiss) under conditions of water stress. Water stress was applied using a reduced irrigation strategy based on re-watering at 80%, 60% and 40% of the field capacity (FC). Increasing water stress, while significantly enhancing malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, electrolyte leakage, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and total glutathione (GT), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, which led to a marked reduction in fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Foliar application of melatonin alleviated the oxidative stress by increasing GT, CAT, POD, SOD and GR activities and reducing GSSG. In particular, melatonin heightened GSH content as well as the ratio of GSH/GSSG when compared to non-sprayed water stressed plants. Melatonin-treated plants had significantly lower SOD and POD activities than control plants under drought stress, while the CAT activity was enhanced with the foliar treatment. Essential oil yield of both Salvia species increased with the decrease in irrigation from 80% to 60% FC but diminished with the more severe water deficit (40% FC). Essential oil components of Salvia nemorosa were β- caryophyllene, germacrene- B, spathulenol, and cis- β- farnesene, while (E) - β- ocimene, α- gurjnnene, germacrene-D, hexyl acetate and aromadendrene was the major constituents of Salvia reuterana. When plants were subjected to water deficit, melatonin treatment increased the concentration and composition of the essential oil. In particular, melatonin treatments improved the primary oil components in both species when compared to non-melatonin treated plants. In conclusion, reduced irrigation regimes as well as melatonin treatments resulted in a significant improvement of essential oil production and composition in both Salvia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shirani Bidabadi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Joshua VanderWeide
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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176
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Melatonin: Awakening the Defense Mechanisms during Plant Oxidative Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040407. [PMID: 32218185 PMCID: PMC7238205 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule that is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physio-chemical responses to adverse environmental conditions. In this review, we show that, although plants are able to biosynthesize melatonin, the exogenous application of melatonin to various crops can improve plant growth and development in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses (e.g., drought, unfavorable temperatures, high salinity, heavy metal contamination, acid rain, and combined stresses) by regulating antioxidant machinery of plants. Current knowledge suggests that exogenously applied melatonin can enhance the stress tolerance of plants by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Enzymic antioxidants upregulated by exogenous melatonin include superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase), whereas levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as ascorbate, reduced glutathione, carotenoids, tocopherols, and phenolics are also higher under stress conditions. The enhanced antioxidant system consequently exhibits lower lipid peroxidation and greater plasma membrane integrity when under stress. However, these responses vary greatly from crop to crop and depend on the intensity and type of stress, and most studies to date have been conducted under controlled conditions. This means that a wider range of crop field trials and detailed transcriptomic analysis are required to reveal the gene regulatory networks involved in the between melatonin, antioxidants, and abiotic stress.
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177
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Zhou R, Yu X, Ottosen CO, Zhang T, Wu Z, Zhao T. Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:107. [PMID: 32143575 PMCID: PMC7060562 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear. RESULTS We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhou
- Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of High Efficiency Horticultural Crops in Jiangsu Province, Institute of Vegetable Crop, Jiangsu Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Xiaqing Yu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Tingling Zhang
- Shanghai Qingpu Vegetable Technology Promotion Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongmin Zhao
- Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of High Efficiency Horticultural Crops in Jiangsu Province, Institute of Vegetable Crop, Jiangsu Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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178
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Shah AA, Ahmed S, Ali A, Yasin NA. 2-Hydroxymelatonin mitigates cadmium stress in cucumis sativus seedlings: Modulation of antioxidant enzymes and polyamines. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125308. [PMID: 31722261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium level is continuously increasing in agricultural soils mainly due to anthropogenic activities. Cadmium is one of the most phytotoxic metals in the soils. The present study investigates the possible role of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHMT) in assuagement of Cd-toxicity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. 2-OHMT is an important metabolite produced through interaction of melatonin with oxygenated compounds. Cadmium stress decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and polyamines. However, exogenously applied 2-OHMT enhanced plant growth attributes including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate in treated plants. In addition, 2-OHMT induced enhancement of the activity of PAs biosynthesizing enzymes (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in conjunction with reduction in activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO). 2-OHMT mitigated Cd stress through up-regulation in expression of stress related CS-ERS gene along with the amplified activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in treated seedlings. The improved activity of antioxidant scavengers played central role in reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plants under Cd stress. Recent findings also advocate the positive correlation between PAs and ethylene, as both possess common precursor. The current study reveals that priming seeds with 2-OHMT reduces Cd-toxicity and makes it possible to cultivate cucumber in Cd-contaminated areas. Future experiments will perhaps help in elucidation of 2-OHMT intervened stress mitigation procedure in C. sativus crop. Furthermore, research with reference to potential of 2-OHMT for stress alleviation in other horticultural and agronomic crops will assist in enhancement of crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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179
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Nabaei M, Amooaghaie R. Melatonin and nitric oxide enhance cadmium tolerance and phytoremediation efficiency in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6981-6994. [PMID: 31883077 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a pot experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of foliar spray with sodium nitroprusside (200 μM SNP) and melatonin (100 μM) singly and in combination on tolerance and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don plants exposed to different levels of cadmium (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Cd kg-1 soil). The results showed that 50 mg kg-1 Cd had no significant effect on the fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots and content of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, but the higher levels of Cd (100 and 200 mg kg-1) significantly reduced these attributes and induced an increase in the level of leaf electrolyte leakage and disrupted nutrient homeostasis. The activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves were increased under lower Cd concentrations (50 and 100 mg kg-1) but decreased under 200 mg kg-1 Cd. However, foliar spray with melatonin and/or SNP increased shoot biomass and the content of Chl a and b, augmented activities of POD and CAT, lowered electrolyte leakage (EL), and improved essential cations homeostasis in leaves. Cadmium content in shoots of C. roseus was less than roots and TF (transfer factor) was < 1. Interestingly, foliar spray with SNP and/or melatonin increased Cd accumulation and bioconcentration factor (BCF) in both roots and shoots and elevated the Cd transport from roots to shoot, as TF values increased in these treatments. The co-application of melatonin and SNP further than their separate usage augmented Cd tolerance through increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and regulating mineral homeostasis in C. roseus. Furthermore, co-treatment of SNP and melatonin increased Cd phytoremediation efficiency in C. roseus through increasing biomass and elevating uptake and translocation of Cd from root to shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Nabaei
- Plant Sciences Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Sciences Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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180
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Acidri R, Sawai Y, Sugimoto Y, Handa T, Sasagawa D, Masunaga T, Yamamoto S, Nishihara E. Exogenous Kinetin Promotes the Nonenzymatic Antioxidant System and Photosynthetic Activity of Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) Plants Under Cold Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E281. [PMID: 32098166 PMCID: PMC7076472 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coffee plants are seasonally exposed to low chilling temperatures in many coffee-producing regions. In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of kinetin-a cytokinin elicitor compound on the nonenzymatic antioxidants and the photosynthetic physiology of young coffee plants subjected to cold stress conditions. Although net CO2 assimilation rates were not significantly affected amongst the treatments, the subjection of coffee plants to cold stress conditions caused low gas exchanges and photosynthetic efficiency, which was accompanied by membrane disintegration and the breakdown of chlorophyll pigments. Kinetin treatment, on the other hand, maintained a higher intercellular-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio with concomitant improvement in stomatal conductance and mesophyll efficiency. Moreover, the leaves of kinetin-treated plants maintained slightly higher photochemical quenching (qP) and open photosystem II centers (qL), which was accompanied by higher electron transfer rates (ETRs) compared to their non-treated counterparts under cold stress conditions. The exogenous foliar application of kinetin also stimulated the metabolism of caffeine, trigonelline, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, mangiferin, anthocyanins and total phenolic content. The contents of these nonenzymatic antioxidants were highest under cold stress conditions in kinetin-treated plants than during optimal conditions. Our results further indicated that the exogenous application of kinetin increased the total radical scavenging capacity of coffee plants. Therefore, the exogenous application of kinetin has the potential to reinforce antioxidant capacity, as well as modulate the decline in photosynthetic productivity resulting in improved tolerance under cold stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Acidri
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-01 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.A.); (T.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Yumiko Sawai
- Sawai Coffee Limited, 278-6, Takenouchi danchi, Sakaiminato City, Tottori 648-0046, Japan;
| | - Yuko Sugimoto
- Tottori Institute of Industrial Technology, 2032-3, Nakano-cho, Sakaiminato-shi, Tottori 684-0041, Japan
| | - Takuo Handa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-01 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.A.); (T.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Daisuke Sasagawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-01 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.A.); (T.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Tsugiyaki Masunaga
- Faculty of Soil Eco-engineering and Plant Nutrition, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsucho, Matsue 690-8504, Japan;
| | - Sadahiro Yamamoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Eiji Nishihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
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181
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Kaya C, Higgs D, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Integrative roles of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in melatonin-induced tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to iron deficiency and salt stress alone or in combination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:256-277. [PMID: 30980533 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There seems to be no report in the literature on the effect of melatonin (MT) in relieving the detrimental effects of combined application of salt stress (SS) and iron deficiency (ID). Therefore, the effect of MT on the accumulation/synthesis of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and how far these molecules are involved in MT-improved tolerance to the combined application of ID and SS in pepper (Capsicum annuum L) were tested. Hence, two individual trials were set up. The treatments in the first experiment comprised: Control, ID (0.1 mM FeSO4 ), SS (100 mM NaCl) and ID + SS. The detrimental effects of combined stresses were more prominent than those by either of the single stress, with respect to growth, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense attributes. Single stress or both in combination improved the endogenous H2 S and NO, and foliar-applied MT (100 µM) led to a further increase in NO and H2 S levels. In the second experiment, 0.1 mM scavenger of NO, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) and that of H2 S, hypotuarine (HT) were applied along with MT to get further evidence whether NO and H2 S are involved in MT-induced tolerance to ID and SS. MT combined with cPTIO and HT under a single or combined stress showed that NO effect was reversed by the NO scavenger, cPTIO, alone but the H2 S effect was inhibited by both scavengers. These findings suggested that tolerance to ID and SS induced by MT may be involved in downstream signal crosstalk between NO and H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - David Higgs
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed N Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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182
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Xia H, Ni Z, Hu R, Lin L, Deng H, Wang J, Tang Y, Sun G, Wang X, Li H, Liao M, Lv X, Liang D. Melatonin Alleviates Drought Stress by a Non-Enzymatic and Enzymatic Antioxidative System in Kiwifruit Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030852. [PMID: 32013029 PMCID: PMC7036878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although melatonin was affirmed to alleviate drought stress in various plant species, the mechanism in kiwifruit remains to be elucidated. In this study, the transcriptomes of kiwifruit leaves under control (CK), DR (drought stress), and MTDR (drought plus melatonin) treatments were evaluated. After comparisons of the gene expression between DR and MTDR, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated three significant pathways, which were mainly involved in the glutathione metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and carotenoid metabolism. Therefore, the content and metabolic gene expression level of ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione, and carotenoid were higher in the MTDR treatment than that in others. Furthermore, the activity and mRNA expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were also promoted in the MTDR group. Combined with these results of important secondary metabolites and protective enzymes measured in the seedlings in different treatments, it could be concluded that exogenous melatonin induced the ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, carotenoid biosynthesis, and protective enzyme system to improve seedling growth. Our results contribute to the development of a practical method for kiwifruit against drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiyou Ni
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Rongping Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lijin Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingan Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiulan Lv
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-86291136
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183
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Seed Pre-Soaking with Melatonin Improves Wheat Yield by Delaying Leaf Senescence and Promoting Root Development. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of exogenous application of melatonin (MEL) on promoting plant growth and alleviating environmental stresses are already known, but the potential value in crop production is still poorly understood. In this study, the effects of seed pre-soaking with MEL on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield were investigated in a continuous two-year pot experiment and another year of field experimentation. Results showed that seed pre-soaking with different concentrations of MEL (10, 100 and 500 μM) for 24 h increased grain yields per plant from 29% to 80% in pot experiment and increased grain yield per area from 4–19% in field experiment, compared with the controls. Further analysis showed that the beneficial effects of MEL on improving wheat grain yield can be ascribed to: (1) increased spike number by enhancing tiller number; (2) enhanced carbon assimilation capacity by maintaining large leaf area, high photosynthetic rate and delaying leaf senescence; (3) promoted growth in root system. The result of this study suggests that MEL could be considered as an effective plant growth regulator for improving grain production in winter wheat.
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184
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Sharma L, Priya M, Kaushal N, Bhandhari K, Chaudhary S, Dhankher OP, Prasad PVV, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Plant growth-regulating molecules as thermoprotectants: functional relevance and prospects for improving heat tolerance in food crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:569-594. [PMID: 31328236 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Among various abiotic stresses, heat stress is one of the most damaging, threatening plant productivity and survival all over the world. Warmer temperatures due to climatic anomalies above optimum growing temperatures have detrimental impacts on crop yield potential as well as plant distribution patterns. Heat stress affects overall plant metabolism in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Membrane damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are some of the harmful effects of heat stress that cause injury to various cellular compartments. Although plants are equipped with various defense strategies to counteract these adversities, their defensive means are not sufficient to defend against the ever-rising temperatures. Hence, substantial yield losses have been observed in all crop species under heat stress. Here, we describe the involvement of various plant growth-regulators (PGRs) (hormones, polyamines, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other signaling molecules) in thermotolerance, through diverse cellular mechanisms that protect cells under heat stress. Several studies involving the exogenous application of PGRs to heat-stressed plants have demonstrated their role in imparting tolerance, suggesting the strong potential of these molecules in improving the performance of food crops grown under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeru Kaushal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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185
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Xie Z, Wang J, Wang W, Wang Y, Xu J, Li Z, Zhao X, Fu B. Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome and Metabolome Revealed the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Enhanced Salt Tolerance of Rice Due to the Application of Exogenous Melatonin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:618680. [PMID: 33519878 PMCID: PMC7840565 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting rice production. Melatonin has been implicated in the salt tolerance of rice. However, the molecular basis of melatonin-mediated salt tolerance in rice remains unclear. In the present study, we performed an integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling of rice seedlings treated with salt, melatonin, or salt + melatonin. The application of exogenous melatonin increased the salt tolerance of rice plants by decreasing the sodium content to maintain Na+/K+ homeostasis, alleviating membrane lipid oxidation, and enhancing chlorophyll contention. A comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that complex molecular pathways contribute to melatonin-mediated salt tolerance. More specifically, the AP2/EREBP-HB-WRKY transcriptional cascade and phytohormone (e.g., auxin and abscisic acid) signaling pathways were activated by an exogenous melatonin treatment. On the basis of metabolome profiles, 64 metabolites, such as amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, and secondary metabolites, were identified with increased abundances only in plants treated with salt + melatonin. Several of these metabolites including endogenous melatonin and its intermediates (5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, N 1-acetyl-N 2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), gallic acid, diosmetin, and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside had antioxidant functions, suggesting melatonin activates multiple antioxidant pathways to alleviate the detrimental effects of salt stress. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a few gene-metabolite networks related to various pathways, including linoleic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism that are important for melatonin-mediated salt tolerance. The data presented herein may be useful for further elucidating the multiple regulatory roles of melatonin in plant responses to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Xie
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlong Xu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuqin Zhao,
| | - Binying Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Binying Fu,
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186
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Hancı F, Ünal H, Arslan A. Effects of L-Tryptophan and Melatonin on Seed Germination Performance of Radish and Spinach in Low and High Temperature Conditions. ULUSLARARASI TARIM VE YABAN HAYATI BILIMLERI DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.570673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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187
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Madigan AP, Egidi E, Bedon F, Franks AE, Plummer KM. Bacterial and Fungal Communities Are Differentially Modified by Melatonin in Agricultural Soils Under Abiotic Stress. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2616. [PMID: 31849848 PMCID: PMC6901394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An extensive body of evidence from the last decade has indicated that melatonin enhances plant resistance to a range of biotic and abiotic stressors. This has led to an interest in the application of melatonin in agriculture to reduce negative physiological effects from environmental stresses that affect yield and crop quality. However, there are no reports regarding the effects of melatonin on soil microbial communities under abiotic stress, despite the importance of microbes for plant root health and function. Three agricultural soils associated with different land usage histories (pasture, canola or wheat) were placed under abiotic stress by cadmium (100 or 280 mg kg-1 soil) or salt (4 or 7 g kg-1 soil) and treated with melatonin (0.2 and 4 mg kg-1 soil). Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA) was used to generate Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) for microbial community analysis in each soil. Significant differences in richness (α diversity) and community structures (β diversity) were observed between bacterial and fungal assemblages across all three soils, demonstrating the effect of melatonin on soil microbial communities under abiotic stress. The analysis also indicated that the microbial response to melatonin is governed by the type of soil and history. The effects of melatonin on soil microbes need to be regarded in potential future agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Madigan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Bedon
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley E. Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Future Landscapes, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim M. Plummer
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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188
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Zhang K, Cui H, Cao S, Yan L, Li M, Sun Y. Overexpression of CrCOMT from Carex rigescens increases salt stress and modulates melatonin synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:1501-1514. [PMID: 31473792 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CrCOMT, a COMT gene in Carex rigescens, was verified to enhance salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. High salinity severely restricts plant growth and development while melatonin can alleviate salt damage. Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. COMT could also participate in melatonin biosynthesis. The objective of this study was to identify CrCOMT from Carex rigescens (Franch.) V. Krecz, a stress-tolerant grass species with a widespread distribution in north China, and to determine its physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms that impart tolerance to salt stress. The results showed that the transcription of CrCOMT exhibited different expression patterns under salt, drought, and ABA treatments. Transgenic Arabidopsis with the overexpression of CrCOMT exhibited improved growth and physiological performance under salt stress, such as higher lateral root numbers, proline level, and chlorophyll content, than in the wild type (WT). Overexpression of CrCOMT also increased dehydration tolerance in Arabidopsis. The transcription of salt response genes was more highly activated in transgenic plants than in the WT under salt stress conditions. In addition, the melatonin content in transgenic plants was higher than that in the WT after stress treatment. Taken together, our results indicated that CrCOMT may positively regulate stress responses and melatonin synthesis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiting Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Cao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingna Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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189
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Lu R, Liu Z, Shao Y, Sun F, Zhang Y, Cui J, Zhou Y, Shen W, Zhou T. Melatonin is responsible for rice resistance to rice stripe virus infection through a nitric oxide-dependent pathway. Virol J 2019; 16:141. [PMID: 31752902 PMCID: PMC6869260 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes one of the most important rice virus diseases of plants in East Asia. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling rice resistance to RSV infection are largely unknown. Recently, several studies presented a novel model that melatonin (MT) and nitric oxide (NO) participate in the plant-pathogen interaction in a synergetic manner. In this study, there was a difference in MT content between two rice varieties that correlated with one being susceptible and one being resistant to RSV, which suggested that MT is related to RSV resistance. In addition, a test with two NO biosynthesis inhibitors revealed that NO inhibitor were able to increase the disease incidence of RSV. A pharmacological experiment with exogenous MT and NO showed that increased MT and NO in the MT-pretreated plants led to lower disease incidences; however, only NO increased in a NO-releasing reagent [sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] pretreated plants. The expressions level of OsPR1b and OsWRKY 45 were significantly induced by MT and NO. These results suggest that rice resistance to RSV can be improved by increased MT through a NO-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yudong Shao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China. .,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China. .,International Rice Research Institute and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Joint Laboratory, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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190
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Ulhassan Z, Huang Q, Gill RA, Ali S, Mwamba TM, Ali B, Hina F, Zhou W. Protective mechanisms of melatonin against selenium toxicity in Brassica napus: insights into physiological traits, thiol biosynthesis and antioxidant machinery. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:507. [PMID: 31752690 PMCID: PMC6869276 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitous signaling molecule melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (MT) plays vital roles in plant development and stress tolerance. Selenium (Se) may be phytotoxic at high concentrations. Interactions between MT and Se (IV) stress in higher plants are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the defensive roles of exogenous MT (0 μM, 50 μM, and 100 μM) against Se (IV) (0 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) stress based on the physiological and biochemical properties, thiol biosynthesis, and antioxidant system of Brassica napus plants subjected to these treatments. RESULTS Se (IV) stress inhibited B. napus growth and biomass accumulation, reduced pigment content, and lowered net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in a dose-dependent manner. All of the aforementioned responses were effectively alleviated by exogenous MT treatment. Exogenous MT mitigated oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation and protected the plasma membranes from Se toxicity by reducing Se-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. MT also alleviated osmotic stress by restoring foliar water and sugar levels. Relative to standalone Se treatment, the combination of MT and Se upregulated the ROS-detoxifying enzymes SOD, APX, GR, and CAT, increased proline, free amino acids, and the thiol components GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG, NPTs, PCs, and cys and upregulated the metabolic enzymes γ-ECS, GST, and PCS. Therefore, MT application attenuates Se-induce oxidative damage in plants. MT promotes the accumulation of chelating agents in the roots, detoxifies Se there, and impedes its further translocation to the leaves. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous MT improves the physiological traits, antioxidant system, and thiol ligand biosynthesis in B. napus subjected to Se stress primarily by enhancing Se detoxification and sequestration especially at the root level. Our results reveal better understanding of Se-phytotoxicity and Se-stress alleviation by the adequate supply of MT. The mechanisms of MT-induced plant tolerance to Se stress have potential implications in developing novel strategies for safe crop production in Se-rich soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Ulhassan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Skhawat Ali
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Theodore Mulembo Mwamba
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Hina
- Lab of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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191
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Haydari M, Maresca V, Rigano D, Taleei A, Shahnejat-Bushehri AA, Hadian J, Sorbo S, Guida M, Manna C, Piscopo M, Notariale R, De Ruberto F, Fusaro L, Basile A. Salicylic Acid and Melatonin Alleviate the Effects of Heat Stress on Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Mentha × piperita and Mentha arvensis L. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E547. [PMID: 31766277 PMCID: PMC6912601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the chemical profile of essential oils and antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase CAT, superoxide dismutase SOD, Glutathione S-transferases GST, and Peroxidase POX) in Mentha × piperita L. (Mitcham variety) and Mentha arvensis L. (var. piperascens), in response to heat stress. In addition, we used salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin (M), two brassinosteroids that play an important role in regulating physiological processes, to assess their potential to mitigate heat stress. In both species, the heat stress caused a variation in the composition of the essential oils and in the antioxidant enzymatic activity. Furthermore both Salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin (M) alleviated the effect of heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Haydari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31787-316, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (M.H.); (A.T.); (A.A.S.-B.)
| | - Viviana Maresca
- Department of Biology—University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alireza Taleei
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31787-316, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (M.H.); (A.T.); (A.A.S.-B.)
| | - Ali Akbar Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 31787-316, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran; (M.H.); (A.T.); (A.A.S.-B.)
| | - Javad Hadian
- Medicinal Plants and Drug Research Institute, ShahidBeheshti University, G.C. Tehran 11369, Iran;
| | - Sergio Sorbo
- C.e.S.M.A. University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology—University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Caterina Manna
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology—University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, via Luigi de Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (R.N.)
| | - Francesca De Ruberto
- Department of Biology—University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (F.D.R.)
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Basile
- Department of Biology—University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (V.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.); (F.D.R.)
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192
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Askey BC, Dai R, Lee WS, Kim J. A noninvasive, machine learning-based method for monitoring anthocyanin accumulation in plants using digital color imaging. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2019; 7:e11301. [PMID: 31832283 PMCID: PMC6858293 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE When plants are exposed to stress conditions, irreversible damage can occur, negatively impacting yields. It is therefore important to detect stress symptoms in plants, such as the accumulation of anthocyanin, as early as possible. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two regression models in five color spaces were trained to develop a prediction model for plant anthocyanin levels from digital color imaging data. Of these, a quantile random forest regression model trained with standard red, green, blue (sRGB) color space data most accurately predicted the actual anthocyanin levels. This model was then used to noninvasively monitor the spatial and temporal accumulation of anthocyanin in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. CONCLUSIONS The digital imaging-based nature of this protocol makes it a low-cost and noninvasive method for the detection of plant stress. Applying a similar protocol to more economically viable crops could lead to the development of large-scale, cost-effective systems for monitoring plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce C. Askey
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
| | - Ru Dai
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
| | - Jeongim Kim
- Horticultural Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
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193
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Melatonin Stimulates Activities and Expression Level of Antioxidant Enzymes and Preserves Functionality of Photosynthetic Apparatus in Hickory Plants (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) under PEG-Promoted Drought. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9110702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drought is one of the major abiotic factors which negatively affects growth and development of several fruit tree species, including Chinese hickory plants (Carya cathayensis Sarg.). The present investigation was conducted to study the possible positive effects of melatonin in drought resistance of C. cathayensis plants along with associated mechanisms. It was observed that melatonin pre-treatment applied before limited water availability significantly contrasted drought-promoted negative effects in terms of plant growth and physiological responses. Significant improvement was observed in key biological parameters like relative water content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and PSII electron transport rate. Antioxidant apparatus was also stimulated by melatonin and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were noticed along with higher accumulation of proline. Gene expression studies herein revealed that melatonin promoted the up-regulation of the expression of SOD (70.7%), CAT (32.7%), and APX (66.5%) genes. As a consequence, accumulation of malondialdehyde by-products and leaf symptoms were reduced in melatonin-treated plants. All these observations offer the clear evidence that pre-treatment with melatonin ameliorate the performance of Chinese hickory plants against drought stress.
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194
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Seed Priming with Melatonin Improves the Seed Germination of Waxy Maize under Chilling Stress via Promoting the Antioxidant System and Starch Metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15044. [PMID: 31636312 PMCID: PMC6803654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chilling stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting waxy maize plant growth. Melatonin (MT) is able to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. To investigate the effects of seed priming with MT on tolerance to chilling stress in waxy maize, the seed germination characteristics and physiological parameters were tested with varied MT concentrations (0, 50, 100 µM) and treatment times (12, 24 h) at ambient (25 °C) and chilling (13 °C) temperature. MT primed seeds significantly enhanced the germination potential (by 20.29% and 50.71%, respectively), germination rate (by 20.88% and 33.72%), and increased the radicle length (by 90.73% and 217.14%), hypocotyl length (by 60.28% and 136.14%), root length (by 74.59% and 108.70%), and seed vigor index (46.13%, 63.81%), compared with the non-priming seeds under chilling stress. No significant difference was found in priming time between primed and non-primed seeds. In addition, lower H2O2 and malondialdehyde concentrations, increased antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbateperoxidase), and promoted starch metabolism were found in primed seeds compared to non-primed ones. It was suggested that seed priming with MT improved waxy maize seed germination under chilling stress through improving antioxidant system and starch metabolism, which protected from oxidative damage.
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195
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Yang Y, Li J, Li H, Yang Y, Guang Y, Zhou Y. The bZIP gene family in watermelon: genome-wide identification and expression analysis under cold stress and root-knot nematode infection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7878. [PMID: 31637131 PMCID: PMC6800529 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress response. In this study, we identified 62 ClabZIP genes from watermelon genome, which were unevenly distributed across the 11 chromosomes. These ClabZIP proteins could be classified into 13 groups based on the phylogenetic relationships, and members in the same group showed similar compositions of conserved motifs and gene structures. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a number of ClabZIP genes have important roles in the melatonin (MT) induction of cold tolerance. In addition, some ClabZIP genes were induced or repressed under red light (RL) or root-knot nematode infection according to the transcriptome data, and the expression patterns of several ClabZIP genes were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR, revealing their possible roles in RL induction of watermelon defense against nematode infection. Our results provide new insights into the functions of different ClabZIP genes in watermelon and their roles in response to cold stress and nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingui Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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196
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Ibrahim AA, Alsadon A. Potential roles of melatonin and sulfur in alleviation of lanthanum toxicity in tomato seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:656-667. [PMID: 31136876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the active use of rare-earth elements in many areas, it is necessary to study their behavior in the environment and their biological impact on plants. Despite the role of melatonin and sulfur in plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance; it is still not clear how they have a strong regulatory influence and synergistic effect on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under different environmental stresses. Therefore, this study highlights how melatonin and sulfur together potentially involved in a reversal of lanthanum-inhibited photosynthetic and growth responses in tomato seedlings. Here, we reported that seedlings grown in a medium containing 150 μM lanthanum exhibited increased overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation together with increased Chlorophyll degradation, and activity of chlorophyllase, proline dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase (GOx), and decreased photosynthesis and growth. However, the application of melatonin and sulfur showed significant responses on tomato seedlings, although the response of their combined treatment was more effective by further increasing photosynthesis and growth under lanthanum toxicity. Melatonin supplied with sulfur suppressed ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and activity of GOx, and increased photosynthesis by upregulating activities of carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Also, sulfur supplementation with melatonin to seedlings resulted in an elevation in the accumulation of Chl and proline by increasing δ-aminolevulinic acid and activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. The administration of melatonin with sulfur substantially induced upregulation of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase) activities involved in the antioxidant system, thereby mitigating ROS-induced oxidative damage. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that melatonin and sulfur have strong regulatory influence and synergistic role in alleviating the adverse effect of lanthanum-toxicity by increasing photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsadon
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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197
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Melatonin as a Chemical Substance or as Phytomelatonin Rich-Extracts for Use as Plant Protector and/or Biostimulant in Accordance with EC Legislation. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous molecule present in animals and plants, and also in bacteria and fungi. In plants, it has an important regulatory and protective role in the face of different stress situations in which it can be involved, mainly due to its immobility. Both in the presence of biotic and abiotic stressors, melatonin exerts protective action in which, through significant changes in gene expression, it activates a stress tolerance response. Its anti-stress role, along with other outstanding functions, suggests its possible use in active agricultural management. This review establishes considerations that are necessary for its possible authorization. The particular characteristics of this substance and its categorization as plant biostimulant are discussed, and also the different legal aspects within the framework of the European Community. The advantages and disadvantages are also described of two of its possible applications, as a plant protector or biostimulant, in accordance with legal provisions.
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198
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Ren S, Rutto L, Katuuramu D. Melatonin acts synergistically with auxin to promote lateral root development through fine tuning auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221687. [PMID: 31461482 PMCID: PMC6713329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in plant developmental growth, especially in root architecture. The similarity in both chemical structure and biosynthetic pathway suggests a potential linkage between melatonin and auxin signaling. However the molecular mechanism regulating this melatonin-mediated root architecture changes is not yet elucidated. In the present study, we re-analyzed previously conducted transcriptome data and identified 16 auxin-related genes whose expression patterns were altered by treatment with melatonin. Several of these genes encoding important auxin transporters or strongly affecting auxin transport were significantly down regulated. In wild type Arabidopsis, Melatonin inhibited both primary root growth and hypocotyl elongation, but enhanced lateral root development in a dose dependent manner. However, the lateral-root-promoting role of melatonin was abolished when each individual null mutant affecting auxin transport including pin5, wag1, tt4 and tt5, was examined. Furthermore, melatonin acts synergistically with auxin to promote lateral root development in wild type Arabidopsis, but such synergistic effects were absent in knockout mutants of individual auxin transport related genes examined. These results strongly suggest that melatonin enhances lateral root development through regulation of auxin distribution via modulation of auxin transport. A working model is proposed to explain how melatonin and auxin act together to promote lateral root development. The present study deepens our understanding of the relationship between melatonin and auxin signaling in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Ren
- Agriculture Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laban Rutto
- Agriculture Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Dennis Katuuramu
- Agriculture Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia, United States of America
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199
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Li J, Zhao C, Zhang M, Yuan F, Chen M. Exogenous melatonin improves seed germination in Limonium bicolor under salt stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1659705. [PMID: 31460852 PMCID: PMC6804724 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1659705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin involves in improving tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses by regulating various biological processes. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on seed germination in the halophyte Limonium bicolor under salt stress. Specifically, we examined the effect of salt stress on seed germination, melatonin concentration, and changes in the concentrations of nutrients, amylase activity, and hormones in L. bicolor seeds with and without pre-treatment with melatonin. Seed germination was significantly suppressed under a 200 mM NaCl treatment, but pre-treatment with melatonin significantly improved seed germination under salt stress. During seed germination, seeds pre-treated with melatonin contained high levels of melatonin and gibberellic acid (GA), low levels of abscisic acid (ABA), and high levels of amylase and alpha-amylase activity. Melatonin treatment upregulated the expression of key genes involved in GA biosynthesis (GA20ox and GA3ox), downregulated key genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (LbNCED1 and LbNCED3), and upregulated ABA 8'-hydroxylase genes (LbCYP707A1 and LbCYP707A2), which mediate the changes in GA and ABA levels in seeds during germination. A high melatonin concentration in seeds promotes the utilization of nutrients and the synthesis of new proteins to enhance seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Wenhua East Road 88, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
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200
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Tsai WA, Weng SH, Chen MC, Lin JS, Tsai WS. Priming of Plant Resistance to Heat Stress and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Thailand Virus With Plant-Derived Materials. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:906. [PMID: 31354773 PMCID: PMC6640737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are often simultaneously exposed to diverse environmental stresses, and can tune suitable responses to them through hormones. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways are known to enhance resistance against heat stress and tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) infection. However, there is limited information regarding alternative natural priming agents against heat stress and viruses. In this study, two plant-derived priming agents, eugenol and anise oil, were tested for their roles in conferring thermotolerance and virus resistance in tomato plants. Under heat stress, the survival rates and average fresh weight were higher in plants treated with eugenol or anise oil than in control plants. These two priming agents were further tested for antiviral activities. After TYLCTHV infection, the disease incidence and relative abundance of TYLCTHV were lower in anise oil- and eugenol-treated plants than in control plants. Further analyses revealed that a few SA, JA, and RNA silencing genes were enhanced in the former. Moreover, SA, JA, and H2O2 contents increased considerably after eugenol and anise oil treatments. Our findings imply that anise oil and eugenol initiated SA- and JA-mediated defenses to promote thermotolerance and antiviral responses of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Tsai
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hualien City, Taiwan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sung-Hsia Weng
- Hualien District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Hualien City, Taiwan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shih Tsai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
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