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Wu CC, Wu TC, Liu FL, Sytwu HK, Chang DM. TNF-α inhibitor reverse the effects of human umbilical cord-derived stem cells on experimental arthritis by increasing immunosuppression. Cell Immunol 2012; 273:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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152
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Soluble HLA-G dampens CD94/NKG2A expression and function and differentially modulates chemotaxis and cytokine and chemokine secretion in CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. Blood 2011; 118:5840-50. [PMID: 21989990 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-05-352393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) inhibits natural killer (NK) cell functions. Here, we investigated sHLA-G-mediated modulation of (1) chemokine receptor and NK receptor expression and function and (2) cytokine and chemokine secretion in CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells. sHLA-G-treated or untreated peripheral blood (PB) and tonsil NK cells were analyzed for chemokine receptor and NK receptor expression by flow cytometry. sHLA-G down-modulated (1) CXCR3 on PB and tonsil CD56bright and CD56dim, (2) CCR2 on PB and tonsil CD56bright, (3) CX3CR1 on PB CD56dim, (4) CXCR5 on tonsil CD56dim, and (5) CD94/NKG2A on PB and tonsil CD56brigh) and CD56dim NK cells. Such sHLA-G-mediated down-modulations were reverted by adding anti-HLA-G or anti-ILT2 mAbs. sHLA-G inhibited chemotaxis of (1) PB NK cells toward CXCL10, CXCL11, and CX3CL1 and (2) PB CD56bright NK cells toward CCL2 and CXCL10. IFN-γ secretion induced by NKp46 engagement was inhibited by NKG2A engagement in untreated but not in sHLA-G-treated NK cells. sHLA-G up-regulated secretion of (1) CCL22 in CD56bright and CD56dim and (2) CCL2, CCL8, and CXCL2-CXCL3 in CD56dim PB NK cells. Signal transduction experiments showed sHLA-G-mediated down-modulation of Stat5 phosphorylation in PB NK cells. In conclusion, our data delineated novel mechanisms of sHLA-G-mediated inhibition of NK-cell functions.
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153
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Abstract
Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs), regulatory cells, and the HLA-G molecule are involved in modulating immune responses and promoting tolerance. APCs are known to induce regulatory cells and to express HLA-G as well as 2 of its receptors; regulatory T cells can express and act through HLA-G; and HLA-G has been directly involved in the generation of regulatory cells. Thus, interplay(s) among HLA-G, APCs, and regulatory cells can be easily envisaged. However, despite a large body of evidence on the tolerogenic properties of HLA-G, APCs, and regulatory cells, little is known on how these tolerogenic players cooperate. In this review, we first focus on key aspects of the individual relationships between HLA-G, myeloid APCs, and regulatory cells. In its second part, we highlight recent work that gathers individual effects and demonstrates how intertwined the HLA-G/myeloid APCs/regulatory cell relationship is.
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154
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Thibodeau V, Lajoie J, Labbé AC, Zannou MD, Fowke KR, Alary M, Poudrier J, Roger M. High level of soluble HLA-G in the female genital tract of Beninese commercial sex workers is associated with HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25185. [PMID: 21966450 PMCID: PMC3179477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most HIV infections are transmitted across mucosal epithelium. Understanding the role of innate and specific mucosal immunity in susceptibility or protection against HIV infection, as well as the effect of HIV infection on mucosal immunity, are of fundamental importance. HLA-G is a powerful modulator of the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) expression in the female genital tract is associated with HIV-1 infection. Methods and Findings Genital levels of sHLA-G were determined in 52 HIV-1-uninfected and 44 antiretroviral naïve HIV-1-infected female commercial sex workers (CSWs), as well as 71 HIV-1-uninfected non-CSW women at low risk of exposure, recruited in Cotonou, Benin. HIV-1-infected CSWs had higher genital levels of sHLA-G compared with those in both the HIV-1-uninfected CSW (P = 0.009) and non-CSW groups (P = 0.0006). The presence of bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.008), and HLA-G*01:01:02 genotype (P = 0.002) were associated with higher genital levels of sHLA-G in the HIV-1-infected CSWs, whereas the HLA-G*01:04:04 genotype was also associated with higher genital level of sHLA-G in the overall population (P = 0.038). When adjustment was made for all significant variables, the increased expression of sHLA-G in the genital mucosa remained significantly associated with both HIV-1 infection (P = 0.02) and bacterial vaginosis (P = 0.03). Conclusion This study demonstrates that high level of sHLA-G in the genital mucosa is independently associated with both HIV-1 infection and bacterial vaginosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Thibodeau
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie Médicale, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marcel D. Zannou
- Centre National Hospitalier Universitaire Hubert K. Maga, Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Keith R. Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Michel Alary
- Unité de Recherche en Santé des Populations, Centre hospitalier affilié universitaire de Québec and Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Poudrier
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Laboratoire d'immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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155
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Platonova S, Cherfils-Vicini J, Damotte D, Crozet L, Vieillard V, Validire P, André P, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Alifano M, Régnard JF, Fridman WH, Sautès-Fridman C, Cremer I. Profound coordinated alterations of intratumoral NK cell phenotype and function in lung carcinoma. Cancer Res 2011; 71:5412-22. [PMID: 21708957 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-4179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to tumor immunosurveillance in mice and humans; however, there is a paucity of direct evidence of a role for natural killer (NK) cells in this important process. In this study, we investigated the intratumoral phenotypic profile and functions of NK cells in primary human tumor specimens of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We used in situ methods to quantify and localize NK cells using the NKp46 marker and we characterized their phenotype in blood, tumoral, and nontumoral samples of NSCLC patients. Intratumoral NK cells displayed a profound and coordinated alteration of their phenotype, with a drastic reduction of NK cell receptor expression specifically detected in the tumoral region. According to their altered phenotype, intratumoral NK cells exhibited profound defects in the ability to activate degranulation and IFN-γ production. We found that the presence of NK cells did not impact the clinical outcome of patients with NSCLC. Finally, we showed that tumor cells heterogeneously express ligands for both activating and inhibitory NK receptors. Taken together, our results suggest that the NSCLC tumor microenvironment locally impairs NK cells, rendering them less tumorcidal and thereby supportive to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Platonova
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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156
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Chauhan M, Balakrishnan M, Yallampalli U, Endsley J, Hankins GDV, Theiler R, Yallampalli C. Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin regulates HLA-G in human trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:1232-9. [PMID: 21816853 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.086835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2), also referred to as intermedin (IMD), is expressed in trophoblast cells in human placenta and enhances the invasion and migration of first-trimester HTR-8SV/neo cells. Further infusion of ADM2 antagonist in pregnant rat causes fetoplacental growth restriction, suggesting a role for ADM2 in maintaining a successful pregnancy. This study was undertaken to assess whether ADM2 protein is present in decidual tissue and colocalized with HLA-G-positive cytotrophoblast cells and natural killer cells; to assess whether ADM2 regulates expression of HLA-G in trophoblast cells; and to identify whether mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in ADM2-induced trophoblast cell invasion and migration. Using immunohistochemical methods and RT-PCR, this study shows that ADM2 protein is colocalized with HLA-G-expressing cytotrophoblast cells as well as with NCAM1 (CD56) immunoreactivity in human first-trimester decidual tissue, and that ADM2 mRNA is expressed in peripheral blood natural killer cells. Further, ADM2 dose dependently increases the expression of HLA-G antigen in HTR-8SV/neo cells as well as in term placental villi explants, suggesting involvement of ADM2 in the regulation of HLA-G in trophoblast cells. In addition, interference with the activity of RAF and MAPK3/1 by their inhibitors, manumycin and U0126, respectively, reduces ADM2-induced HTR-8SV/neo cell invasion and migration. In summary, this study suggests a potential involvement for ADM2 in regulating HLA-G antigen at the maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy and facilitating trophoblast invasion and migration via MAPK3/1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, USA.
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157
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HLA-G regulators in cancer medicine: an outline of key requirements. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:1071-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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158
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Chen PM, Yen ML, Liu KJ, Sytwu HK, Yen BL. Immunomodulatory properties of human adult and fetal multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:49. [PMID: 21762539 PMCID: PMC3156728 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a large number of studies have contributed to our understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms used by multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Initially isolated from the bone marrow (BM), MSCs have been found in many tissues but the strong immunomodulatory properties are best studied in BM MSCs. The immunomodulatory effects of BM MSCs are wide, extending to T lymphocytes and dendritic cells, and are therapeutically useful for treatment of immune-related diseases including graft-versus-host disease as well as possibly autoimmune diseases. However, BM MSCs are very rare cells and require an invasive procedure for procurement. Recently, MSCs have also been found in fetal-stage embryo-proper and extra-embryonic tissues, and these human fetal MSCs (F-MSCs) have a higher proliferative profile, and are capable of multilineage differentiation as well as exert strong immunomodulatory effects. As such, these F-MSCs can be viewed as alternative sources of MSCs. We review here the current understanding of the mechanisms behind the immunomodulatory properties of BM MSCs and F-MSCs. An increase in our understanding of MSC suppressor mechanisms will offer insights for prevalent clinical use of these versatile adult stem cells in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Min Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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159
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HLA-G as predisposing for metastasis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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160
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Murdaca G, Contini P, Setti M, Cagnati P, Spanò F, Lantieri F, Puppo F. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome affected by different disease-defining conditions before and after antiretroviral treatment. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:712-6. [PMID: 21663783 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the serum levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A, -B, -C, and -G antigens are elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects and decrease after antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we measured soluble HLA-G serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) affected by different AIDS-defining conditions before and during antiretroviral therapy and correlated them with virologic and immunologic parameters of response to treatment. Soluble HLA-G levels were significantly higher in AIDS patients before treatment as compared with healthy controls and significantly decreased after 36 months of therapy. The decrease of soluble HLA-G correlated with the decrease of plasma HIV-RNA level and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes number and with the increase of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes number. Soluble HLA-G levels were significantly higher in patients with opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma compared with patients with the wasting syndrome. These data suggest that infections and neoplasms may trigger the shedding of soluble HLA-G molecules, and confirm that the level of soluble HLA-G in serum might represent a surrogate marker to monitor virologic response and immune reconstitution in HIV-positive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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161
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Prigione I, Penco F, Martini A, Gattorno M, Pistoia V, Morandi F. HLA-G and HLA-E in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:966-72. [PMID: 21186170 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and release of HLA-G and HLA-E in JIA. METHODS Soluble (s)HLA-G and HLA-E were measured in sera from 58 JIA patients and 54 healthy donors. Surface expression of HLA-G, HLA-E and immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)2 and ILT4, two receptors for HLA-G, was assessed on T, B cells and monocytes from peripheral blood (PB) and SF of 12 JIA patients and from PB of 12 controls. RESULTS Serum sHLA-G concentration was significantly lower in patients than in controls. Both sHLA-G and sHLA-E were detected in SF and sHLA-E concentration in SF was higher in extended oligoarticular/polyarticular than in limited oligoarticular JIA. Patients compared with controls showed: (i) down-regulation of HLA-E and ILT2 expression on T cells; (ii) up-regulation of HLA-E expression on B cells and monocytes; and (iii) down-regulation of ILT4 expression on monocytes. Comparing JIA patients' SF and PB we found: (i) up-regulation of HLA-E and ILT2 expression in T and B cells and monocytes; and (ii) down-regulation of ILT4 expression in monocytes. ILT4 was up-regulated in monocytes from oligoarticular extended/polyarticular compared with oligoarticular limited JIA. CONCLUSIONS A lower concentration of sHLA-G in sera may predispose to JIA, as observed for other autoimmune diseases. sHLA-E concentration in SF correlate with the number of affected joints. Higher ILT2 expression on SF cell populations compared with PB may be related to high sHLA-G concentration in SF. Higher HLA-E expression in SF than in PB cell populations may protect them from NK cytolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazia Prigione
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Scientific Institute, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
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162
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Zidi I, Ben Amor N. Nanoparticles targeting HLA-G for gene therapy in cancer. Med Oncol 2011; 29:1384-90. [PMID: 21499927 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are aided by immune-tolerant functions of HLA-G to escape the immune surveillance. In general, cancer cells can express membranous HLA-G, secrete soluble HLA-G, produce HLA-G positive exosomes, and can be subjected to proteolytic cleavage by matrix metalloproteinases releasing shedding HLA-G1 in stressful conditions. Thus, the downregulation of HLA-G either in transcripts or proteins may affect positively cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular nanoparticles targeting HLA-G. Special focus was accorded to RNA interference particles. Although numerous studies have reported the importance of HLA-G gene expression modulation by nanoparticles, no studies have investigated clinically their efficiency in this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zidi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research Unit 02/UR/09-01, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, BP 74, Avenue Tahar Haddad, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
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163
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Carosella
- Service de Recherches en Hemato-Immunologie, CEA-I2BM, UMR-E Université Paris 7, IUH, Hopital Saint Louis, F-75010 Paris, France.
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164
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Fainardi E, Castellazzi M, Stignani M, Morandi F, Sana G, Gonzalez R, Pistoia V, Baricordi OR, Sokal E, Peña J. Emerging topics and new perspectives on HLA-G. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:433-51. [PMID: 21080027 PMCID: PMC11114687 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Following the Fifth International Conference on non-classical HLA-G antigens (HLA-G), held in Paris in July 2009, we selected some topics which focus on emerging aspects in the setting of HLA-G functions. In particular, HLA-G molecules could play a role in: (1) various inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, intracerebral hemorrhage, gastrointestinal, skin and rheumatic diseases, and asthma, where they may act as immunoregulatory factors; (2) the mechanisms to escape immune surveillance utilized by several viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1, rabies virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza virus type A and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1); and (3) cytokine/chemokine network and stem cell transplantation, since they seem to modulate cell migration by the downregulation of chemokine receptor expression and mesenchymal stem cell activity blocking of effector cell functions and the generation of regulatory T cells. However, the immunomodulatory circuits mediated by HLA-G proteins still remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Corso della Giovecca 203, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
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165
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Rizzo R, Vercammen M, van de Velde H, Horn PA, Rebmann V. The importance of HLA-G expression in embryos, trophoblast cells, and embryonic stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:341-52. [PMID: 21080028 PMCID: PMC11114702 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0578-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The nonclassical HLA-G molecule is a trophoblast-specific molecule present in almost every pregnancy. It differs from classical HLA class I molecules by the low degree of allelic variants and the high diversity of protein structures. HLA-G is reported to be a tolerogenic molecule that acts on cells of both innate and adaptive immunity. At the maternal-fetal interface HLA-G seems to be responsible largely for the reprogramming of local maternal immune response. This review will focus on the HLA-G gene expression profile in pregnancy, in preimplantation embryos, and in human embryonic stem cells with emphasis on the structural diversity of the HLA-G protein and its potential functional and diagnostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rizzo
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Medical Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martine Vercammen
- Department of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hilde van de Velde
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter A. Horn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Vera Rebmann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Essen, Virchowstr. 179, 45122 Essen, Germany
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166
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Carosella ED, Gregori S, Rouas-Freiss N, LeMaoult J, Menier C, Favier B. The role of HLA-G in immunity and hematopoiesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:353-68. [PMID: 21116680 PMCID: PMC11114977 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The non-classical HLA class I molecule HLA-G was initially shown to play a major role in feto-maternal tolerance. Since this discovery, it has been established that HLA-G is a tolerogenic molecule which participates to the control of the immune response. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on (1) the multiple structures of HLA-G, which are closely associated with their role in the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity, (2) the factors that regulate the expression of HLA-G and its receptors, (3) the mechanism of action of HLA-G at the immunological synapse and through trogocytosis, and (4) the generation of suppressive cells through HLA-G. Moreover, we also review recent findings on the non-immunological functions of HLA-G in erythropoiesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Carosella
- CEA, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hemato-Immunologie, 75475 Paris, France.
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167
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Ghandri N, Gabbouj S, Farhat K, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Nouri A, Chouchane L, Hassen E. Association of HLA-G polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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168
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Dahl M, Hviid TVF. Human leucocyte antigen class Ib molecules in pregnancy success and early pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 18:92-109. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmr043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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169
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Morandi F, Ferretti E, Bocca P, Prigione I, Raffaghello L, Pistoia V. A novel mechanism of soluble HLA-G mediated immune modulation: downregulation of T cell chemokine receptor expression and impairment of chemotaxis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11763. [PMID: 20668702 PMCID: PMC2909260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, many immunoregulatory functions have been ascribed to soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G). Since chemotaxis is crucial for an efficient immune response, we have investigated for the first time the effects of sHLA-G on chemokine receptor expression and function in different human T cell populations. Methodology/Principal Findings T cell populations isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated in the presence or absence of sHLA-G. Chemokine receptors expression was evaluated by flow cytometry. sHLA-G downregulated expression of i) CCR2, CXCR3 and CXCR5 in CD4+ T cells, ii) CXCR3 in CD8+ T cells, iii) CXCR3 in Th1 clones iv) CXCR3 in TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells, and upregulated CXCR4 expression in TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells. sHLA-G inhibited in vitro chemotaxis of i) CD4+ T cells towards CCL2, CCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL11, ii) CD8+ T cells towards CXCL10 and CXCL11, iii) Th1 clones towards CXCL10, and iv) TCR Vδ2γ9 T cells towards CXCL10 and CXCL11. Downregulation of CXCR3 expression on CD4+ T cells by sHLA-G was partially reverted by adding a blocking antibody against ILT2/CD85j, a receptor for sHLA-G, suggesting that sHLA-G downregulated chemokine receptor expression mainly through the interaction with ILT2/CD85j. Follicular helper T cells (TFH) were isolated from human tonsils and stimulated as described above. sHLA-G impaired CXCR5 expression in TFH and chemotaxis of the latter cells towards CXCL13. Moreover, sHLA-G expression was detected in tonsils by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a role of sHLA-G in local control of TFH cell chemotaxis. Intracellular pathways were investigated by Western Blot analysis on total extracts from CD4+ T cells. Phosphorylation of Stat5, p70 s6k, β-arrestin and SHP2 was modulated by sHLA-G treatment. Conclusions/Significance Our data demonstrated that sHLA-G impairs expression and functionality of different chemokine receptors in T cells. These findings delineate a novel mechanism whereby sHLA-G modulates T cell recruitment in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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Modulation of Toll-like receptor activity by leukocyte Ig-like receptors and their effects during bacterial infection. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:536478. [PMID: 20634939 PMCID: PMC2903975 DOI: 10.1155/2010/536478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a potent trigger for inflammatory immune responses. Without tight regulation their activation could lead to pathology, so it is imperative to extend our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that govern TLR expression and function. One family of immunoregulatory proteins which can provide a balancing effect on TLR activity are the Leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs), which act as innate immune receptors for self-proteins. Here we describe the LILR family, their inhibitory effect on TLR activity in cells of the monocytic lineage, their signalling pathway, and their antimicrobial effects during bacterial infection. Agents have already been identified which enhances or inhibits LILR activity raising the future possibility that modulation of LILR function could be used as a means to modulate TLR activity.
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171
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HLA-G and immune evasion in cancer cells. J Formos Med Assoc 2010; 109:248-57. [PMID: 20434034 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(10)60050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of novel gene products or new antigens in cancer cells elicits a host immune response that results in selection pressure for tumor clones to evade immunosurveillance. Similar to maternal-fetal tolerance and allotransplantation acceptance, upregulation of HLA-G expression has been found as one of the mechanisms that are programmed in cancer cells. HLA-G expression is frequently detected in a wide variety of human cancers and its protein levels negatively correlate with poor clinical outcome. The immune inhibitory effect can be achieved by binding of HLA-G molecules to the immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors that are expressed on the immunocompetent cells at all stages of the immune response. This review summarizes recent studies of HLA-G expression in human cancer, with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms that underlie how HLA-G molecules facilitate tumor cell evasion of the host immune response, and presents new directions for developing HLA-G-based diagnosis/therapeutics.
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172
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Inhibition of HLA-G Expression Via RNAi Abolishes Resistance of Extravillous Trophoblast Cell Line TEV-1 to NK Lysis. Placenta 2010; 31:519-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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173
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Overexpression of miR-152 leads to reduced expression of human leukocyte antigen-G and increased natural killer cell mediated cytolysis in JEG-3 cells. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:592.e1-7. [PMID: 20430358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to gain a further understanding of the relationship between miR-152 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G in human trophoblast cell line (JEG-3). STUDY DESIGN The JEG-3 cells were transfected with pre-miR-152. The effect of the overexpressed miR-152 on HLA-G expression, trophoblast invasion, and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis were assessed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis, transwell invasion assay, and NK cell cytotoxicity assay, respectively. RESULTS The miR-152 repressed HLA-G expression but exerted no effect on JEG-3 cell invasion, and overexpression of miR-152 led to increased NK cell-mediated cytolysis in JEG-3 cells. CONCLUSION The data indicate that miR-152 may function as an immune system enhancer through up-regulating NK cell-mediated cytolysis of host cells.
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174
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Shakhawat A, Shaikly V, Elzatma E, Mavrakos E, Jabeen A, Fernández N. Interaction between HLA-G and monocyte/macrophages in human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2010; 85:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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175
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A fundamental goal in transplantation is the establishment of allograft function without ongoing immunosuppression. Robust allograft tolerance has been established in experimental transplantation models, whereas clinical operational tolerance has been described most frequently following human liver transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical assessment of tolerance has been limited to laboratory evaluation of organ function. Additional tools include graft monitoring through biopsy and blood sampling for biomarker analysis. Current biomarkers under assessment in recent years include dendritic cell subsets, regulatory T cells, antidonor antibodies, and gene polymorphisms. Emerging microarray analysis that is being prospectively validated will also be reviewed. A further tool in the characterization of the tolerant patient will be the accurate enrollment of such patients into a multicenter registry that will prospectively follow the natural history of the patient withdrawn from immunosuppression and help facilitate the entry of interested patients to mechanistic and immune monitoring trials. The International Solid Organ Transplant Tolerance Registry (www.transplant-tolerance.org) will be briefly described. SUMMARY Effective biomarker characterization of the operationally tolerant liver allograft recipient would allow earlier, well tolerated, prospective drug withdrawal with the goal of extending the potential benefits of drug minimization to an increasing number of patients in a more predictable fashion.
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176
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Human leukocyte antigen-G molecules are constitutively expressed by synovial fibroblasts and upmodulated in osteoarthritis. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:342-50. [PMID: 20097242 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G molecules are nonclassical HLA class I antigens expressed as membrane bound and soluble isoforms (sHLA-G) with a restricted tissue distribution and anti-inflammatory functions. Because inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), we have analyzed the expression and production of HLA-G molecules in in vitro cultured synovial fibroblasts (SFs) from OA patients and control subjects. We have analyzed the levels of sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 isoforms by immunoenzymatic assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in the SF culture supernatants from six OA patients and six control subjects in 70-day in vitro cultures and after the addition of lipopolysaccharide or recombinant interleukin (IL)-10 (rIL-10). We have confirmed HLA-G modulation by cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence. The results have demonstrated the spontaneous production of sHLA-G1 molecules by both OA and control SFs. The expression was confirmed by cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence. OA SFs produce both sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 molecules during the first 23 days of culture and higher levels of sHLA-G1 during the first 40 days of in vitro culture and after lipopolysaccharide or rIL-10 activation compared with control SFs. The production of HLA-G1 molecules, constitutively expressed by control and OA SFs, is significantly increased in OA, suggesting a possible mechanism to counteract the inflammation of the synovial joints.
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177
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Abstract
In a multicellular system, cellular communication is a must for orchestration and coordination of cellular events. Advent of the latest analytical and imaging tools has allowed us to enhance our understanding of the intercellular communication. An intercellular exchange of proteins or intact membrane patches is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and has been the subject of renewed interest, particularly in the context of immune cells. Recent evidence implicates that intercellular protein transfers, including trogocytosis is an important mechanism of the immune system to modulate immune responses and transferred proteins can also contribute to pathology. It has been demonstrated that intercellular protein transfer can be through the internalization/pathway, dissociation-associated pathway, uptake of exosomes and membrane nanotube formations. Exchange of membrane molecules/antigens between immune cells has been observed for a long time, but the mechanisms and functional consequences of these transfers remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the important findings concerning intercellular protein transfers, possible mechanisms and highlight their physiological relevance to the immune system, with special reference to T cells such as the stimulatory or suppressive immune responses derived from T cells with acquired dendritic cell membrane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Departments of Oncology, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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178
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Tan CY, Chong YS, Loganath A, Chan YH, Ravichandran J, Lee CG, Chong SS. Possible gene-gene interaction of KIR2DL4 with its cognate ligand HLA-G in modulating risk for preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:1135-43. [PMID: 19700612 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109342280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity that occurs only during pregnancy. Pregnancy is the only physiological situation where killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) may meet cognate nonself variants of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotypes. We previously reported that presence of fetal HLA-G*0106 was significantly associated with risk for PE in multigravid pregnancies. We have now tested the KIR2DL4 receptor gene for association with PE, as well as for its interaction with HLA-G in modulating disease risk, in a case-control study of 83 PE and 240 normotensive pregnancies. No significant association was observed between alleles of KIR2DL4 and PE in both maternal and fetal groups, either among primigravid or multigravid pregnancies. Alleles of KIR2DL4 and HLA-G were then analyzed together to determine whether particular variant ligand-receptor combinations were associated with an increased risk for PE. Gene-gene interaction analyses suggest that the presence of fetal HLA-G*0106 in combination with maternal KIR2DL4*006 is significantly associated with PE risk in multigravid pregnancies (P < .001). These data provide the first preliminary evidence suggesting that although KIR2DL4 itself is not associated with PE, it may modulate the effect of HLA-G*0106 on risk for PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Yee Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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179
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Rebmann V, Bartsch D, Wunsch A, Möllenbeck P, Golda T, Viebahn R, Grosse-Wilde H. Soluble total human leukocyte antigen class I and human leukocyte antigen-G molecules in kidney and kidney/pancreas transplantation. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:995-9. [PMID: 19651178 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a nonclassical HLA class I molecule, and its soluble forms (sHLA-G) are found to improve graft acceptance. In this study we investigated whether sHLA-G is the most biologically relevant molecule among all types of soluble HLA class I molecules for graft acceptance. We addressed this question in kidney-transplanted (n = 32) and kidney/pancreas-transplanted patients (n = 29). To this end we analyzed the levels of total soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) in comparison to sHLA-G in 488 plasma samples procured before and serial after transplantation by specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Samples from 126 healthy individuals served as controls. Pretransplantation sHLA-I levels were significantly increased in patients (p < 0.001), whereas sHLA-G levels were in the range of those of healthy controls. Importantly, pretransplantation sHLA-I and sHLA-G levels did not differ between the two groups. Patients with biopsy-proven rejection (n = 15) revealed significantly lower sHLA-G levels before transplantation (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 12.9 +/- 1.8 vs. 20.1 +/- 1.9, p = 0.013) and after transplantation (p = 0.006, two-way analysis of variance) than patients without rejection (n = 46). In contrast, sHLA-I was slightly increased after but not before transplantation in patients with rejection (p < 0.05, two-way analysis of variance). Nonparametric determination analysis showed that pretransplantation levels of sHLA-G < 11.5 ng/ml (sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 80.4%) were related to rejection. Regarding antibody status, retransplantation, number of HLA mismatches, recipient age, and recipient body mass index, multivariate analysis showed that sHLA-G but not sHLA-I is an independent risk factor for graft rejection. Thus high levels of sHLA-G but not of sHLA-I seem to contribute to better graft acceptance after kidney or kidney/pancreas transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rebmann
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany.
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180
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Wu J, Zhang W, Hernandez-Lopez P, Fabelo E, Parikh M, Mulloy LL, Horuzsko A. Isoforms of human leukocyte antigen-G and their inhibitory receptors in human kidney allograft acceptance. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:988-94. [PMID: 19664670 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies such as the modulation of dendritic cell and T-cell function have exhibited great potential in clinical transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a molecule that plays a significant role in establishing complex mechanisms to protect semiallogeneic fetuses from rejection by the maternal immune system. The unique characteristics of both cell-surface and soluble isoforms of HLA-G, the formation of disulfide-bonded dimers with the potential to augment inhibitory receptor signaling, and the function of HLA-G as a preferential ligand for the immunoglobulin-like transcript receptors make HLA-G very important in fundamental approaches for the modulation of immune responses to improve allogeneic graft survival in clinical transplantation. Experimental data from several groups as well as our data from experiments involving HLA-G-mediated human tolerogenic dendritic cells in vitro and receptor transgenic mice in vivo indicate that different isoforms of HLA-G have various immunomodulatory effects through the inhibitory receptors. This knowledge is crucial in understanding mechanisms of prolongation of allograft survival. The analyses of HLA-G isoforms and inhibitory receptors in patients with kidney allograft and the relationship among different isoforms of HLA-G, inhibitory receptors, their mediated immunoregulation, and graft acceptance or failure will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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181
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Zheng XQ, Zhu F, Shi WW, Lin A, Yan WH. The HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism is a putative susceptible factor for active human cytomegalovirus infection in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 74:317-21. [PMID: 19624485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2009.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression is a potential factor for the pathogenesis of virus infection. A 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs16375) in the 3'-untranslated region of the HLA-G gene is involved in the stability of HLA-G mRNA and HLA-G protein expression. Therefore, the HLA-G 14 bp polymorphism might be involved in human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection. To test a possible association between the HLA-G 14 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism and the active hCMV infection, in this study, a total of 54 patients with active hCMV infection and 165 age- and sex-matched, unrelated, normal Chinese Han population were genotyped for the 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism. Association of 14 bp polymorphism with hCMV urine DNA copies and the odds ratio (OR) of the polymorphism as a risk factor for active hCMV infection were analyzed. Our results showed that the prevalence of -14 bp/ -14 bp genotype in active hCMV patients was markedly increased [P(c) = 0.00034, OR = 3.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.77-6.18], and similar significance was also observed for the frequency of -14 bp allele (P c = 0.0023, OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.38-3.64) when compared with that of healthy controls. Furthermore, urine hCMV DNA copies in patients with the -14 bp/ -14 bp genotype were significantly higher than those in patients with the +14 bp/ +14 bp genotype (P = 0.041). Our findings support a potential role of HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism as a susceptible factor for the active hCMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Q Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
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182
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Anderson KJ, Allen RL. Regulation of T-cell immunity by leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: innate immune receptors for self on antigen-presenting cells. Immunology 2009; 127:8-17. [PMID: 19368561 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Following recognition of microbial patterns, innate immune receptors provide a rapid innate response and trigger antigen-presenting cell maturation to instruct adaptive immune responses. Here we discuss a family of innate immune receptors for self - the leucocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs). These LILRs exert powerful inhibitory effects on antigen-presenting cell phenotype and subsequent T-cell responses, and may act to constrain the effects of Toll-like receptor signalling. Despite their broad ligand specificity, differing affinities of LILRs for individual complexes of peptide-major histocompatibility complex can determine the nature of their effect on downstream immune responses. Expression and function of LILRs may be skewed in certain conditions such as cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection, particularly by ectopic expression of human leucocyte antigen-G, a high-affinity LILR ligand. We discuss the relevance of LILR-mediated immune regulation across a range of scenarios from autoimmunity to transplant medicine, infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Anderson
- Centre for Infection, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
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183
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Abstract
Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays a key role in maternal–foetal tolerance and allotransplantation acceptance and is also implicated in tumour escape from the immune system. The modulation of HLA-G expression can prove to be very important to therapeutic goals in some pregnancy complications, transplantation, cancer and possibly autoimmune diseases. In spite of substantial similarities with classical HLA-class I genes, HLA-G is characterized by a restricted tissue-specific expression in non-pathological situations. HLA-G expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by a unique gene promoter when compared with classical HLA-class I genes, and at the post-transcriptional level including alternative splicing, mRNA stability, translation and protein transport to the cell surface. We focus on the characteristics of the HLA-G gene promoter and the factors which are involved in HLA-G transcriptional modulation. They take part in epigenetic mechanisms that control key functions of the HLA-G gene in the regulation of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Moreau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.
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184
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Expression of HLA-G in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2009; 46:457-60. [PMID: 19141398 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of HLA-G was reported in certain malignancies and its role in escaping from immunosurveillance in cancers was proposed since HLA-G is a nonconventional HLA class I molecule that protects fetus from immunorecognition during pregnancy. Recent studies proposed HLA-G as novel prognostic marker for patients with B-CLL. HLA-G was showed to bear even better prognostic information compared to Zeta-chain associated protein of 70kDa (ZAP-70) and CD38 although some other authors did not find HLA-G expression in CLL. Therefore in this study we characterized the expression of HLA-G on both RNA and protein level. In most of 20 B-CLL patients we were able to detect signal from HLA-G using flow cytometry analysis. The expression of HLA-G was confirmed on messenger level by real-time RT-PCR experiments. No correlation between HLA-G expression and expression of well established prognostic factors such as ZAP-70 and CD38 was detected. These results confirm that HLA-G is expressed on CLL leukemic cells. Furthermore the expression of HLA-G on CLL cells suggests that this molecule might be involved in escaping of CLL cells from immunosurveillance.
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185
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McCormick J, Whitley GSJ, Le Bouteiller P, Cartwright JE. Soluble HLA-G regulates motility and invasion of the trophoblast-derived cell line SGHPL-4. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1339-45. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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186
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Kawashima M, Maeda N, Adachi Y, Takeuchi T, Yamamoto Y, Izumiya C, Hayashi K, Furihata M, Udaka K, Fukaya T. Human leukocyte antigen-G, a ligand for the natural killer receptor KIR2DL4, is expressed by eutopic endometrium only in the menstrual phase. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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187
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Dimerization of Soluble HLA-G by IgG-Fc Fragment Augments ILT2-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Alloresponse. Transplantation 2009; 87:8-15. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818b6141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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188
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Human inhibitory receptor immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 amplifies CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells that promote long-term survival of allografts. Transplantation 2008; 86:1125-34. [PMID: 18946352 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e318186fccd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G during allogeneic recognition is associated with better graft acceptance. The inhibitory receptor immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2 is expressed on activated T cells and serves to shut down T-cell activation, culminating in T-cell death, or induction of anergy. One of the potential mechanisms in the immunosuppressive accomplishment of HLA-G-ILT2 interactions involves the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The potential of MDSCs in transplantation has not yet been exploited. METHODS (1) Detailed phenotypic characteristics, immunosuppressive potential of MDSCs expanded by means of inhibitory receptor ILT2 and its ligands, and allogeneic transplant-activated MDSCs were obtained in mice. (2) Oligo- and real-time pathway-specific polymerase chain reaction arrays were performed to characterize ILT2-specific MDSCs. (3) Skin allograft survival after adoptive transfer of MDSCs was studied. RESULTS Engagement of ILT2 receptors, especially by HLA-G, expanded the population of MDSCs with enhanced suppressive activity. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs generated by ILT2 receptor and its ligands prolonged graft survival in recipients of allogeneic skin transplant. We have proposed pathways for enhancement of immunosuppressive activities and expansion of MDSCs by ILT2 and HLA-G. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that induction of MDSCs using ILT2 inhibitory receptor/HLA-G ligand may be an attractive strategy for preventing rejection of immunogenic organs or tissues in clinical transplantation.
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189
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Carosella ED, HoWangYin KY, Favier B, LeMaoult J. HLA-G–dependent suppressor cells: Diverse by nature, function, and significance. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:700-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.08.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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190
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Zidi I, Bartegi A. [Importance of HLA-G in therapy of cancer]. Therapie 2008; 63:327-32. [PMID: 18937912 DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2008049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HLA-G (Human Leucocyte Antigen-G) is a non-classical HLA class I molecule observed for the first time in human cytotrophoblast. Numbers of investigations have demonstrated that HLA-G was broader than originally thought. In fact, it is expressed in pathological contexts as well as in physiological contexts. This expression of HLA-G and its receptors in immunity cells confer to it a major role in immune responses. Good issues were described in organ transplantation when HLA-G was expressed. But, HLA-G transcripts and/or proteins expression in tumor tissues was associated with tumor genesis and cancer progression. A focus on the expression and the role of HLA-G in tumor context will be developed in this review. In addition, regulation of HLA-G will be treated to improve strategies of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Zidi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, Monastir, Tunisia.
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191
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Yan WH, Lin A, Chen BG, Luo WD, Dai MZ, Chen XJ, Xu HH, Li BL. Unfavourable clinical implications for HLA-G expression in acute myeloid leukaemia. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:889-98. [PMID: 18494931 PMCID: PMC4401132 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) molecule exerts multiple immunoregulatory functions that have been suggested to contribute to the immune evasion of tumour cells. Studies on HLA-G expression in malignant haematopoietic diseases are controversial, and the functions of HLA-G on this context are limited. In the current study, HLA-G expression was analysed in different types of patients: de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 54), B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL, n= 13), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML, n= 9) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, n= 11). HLA-G expression was observed in 18.5% cases of AML, 22.2% in CML and 18.2% in MDS, but not in B-ALL patients. In AML, HLA-G-positive patients had a significant higher bone marrow leukaemic blast cell percentage when compared with that of HLA-G-negative patients (P < 0.01). Total T-cell percentage was dramatically decreased in HLA-G-positive patients (P < 0.05). Cytogenetic karyotyping results showed that all HLA-G-positive AML patients (n= 5) were cytogenetically abnormal, which was markedly different from that of HLA-G-negative patients (P < 0.01). Ex vivo cytotoxicity analysis revealed that HLA-G expression in AML leukaemic cells could directly inhibit NK cell cytolysis (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that HLA-G expression in AML is of unfavourable clinical implications, and that HLA-G could be a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-H Yan
- Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang province, Wenzhou Medical College, Linhai, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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192
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Castelli EC, Mendes-Junior CT, Viana de Camargo JL, Donadi EA. HLA-Gpolymorphism and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a Brazilian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 72:149-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Sun Y, Liu J, Gao P, Wang Y, Liu C. Expression of Ig-like transcript 4 inhibitory receptor in human non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 2008; 134:783-788. [PMID: 18625675 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Ig-like transcript 4 (ILT-4) is a member of the inhibitory receptor family for immune function. Little is known about the expression levels of ILT-4 in tumor cells. METHODS We have studied the expression levels of ILT-4 both in vitro in cancer cell lines and in vivo in tumor tissues from 70 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Three cancer cell lines (H1299, A549, and U1810) express ILT-4 messenger RNA, and only two cell lines (H1299 and A549) express ILT-4 protein on the cell surface. Approximately 37.1% of 70 tumor tissue samples express ILT-4, which is localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm. In addition, tumor cells and stromal and plasma cells also express ILT-4. The number of infiltrating lymphoid cells in the tumor tissues that express B7-H3 was much lower than those that did not, but there is no significant correlation between ILT-4 expression and disease progression including nodal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ILT-4 is frequently expressed in both tumor and stromal cells of NSCLC, and it might play an important role in regulation of the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Sun
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gao
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Generation of a novel regulatory NK cell subset from peripheral blood CD34+ progenitors promoted by membrane-bound IL-15. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2241. [PMID: 18493613 PMCID: PMC2376096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NK cells have been long time considered as cytotoxic lymphocytes competent in killing virus-infected cells and tumors. However, NK cells may also play essential immuno-regulatory functions. In this context, the real existence of a defined NK subset with negative regulatory properties has been hypothesized but never clearly demonstrated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Herein, we show the in vitro generation from human peripheral blood haematopoietic progenitors (PB-HP), of a novel subset of non-cytolytic NK cells displaying a mature phenotype and remarkable immuno-regulatory functions (NK-ireg). The main functional hallmark of these NK-ireg cells is represented by the surface expression/release of HLA-G, a major immunosuppressive molecule. In addition, NK-ireg cells secrete two powerful immuno-regulatory factors: IL-10 and IL-21. Through these factors, NK-ireg cells act as effectors of the down-regulation of the immune response: reconverting mature myeloid DC (mDC) into immature/tolerogenic DC, blocking cytolytic functions on conventional NK cells and inducing HLA-G membrane expression on PB-derived monocytes. The generation of "NK-ireg" cells is obtained, by default, in culture conditions favouring cell-to-cell contacts, and it is strictly dependent on reciprocal trans-presentation of membrane-bound IL-15 forms constitutively and selectively expressed by human CD34(+) PB-HP. Finally, a small subset of NKp46(+) HLA-G(+) IL-10(+) is detected within freshly isolated decidual NK cells, suggesting that these cells could represent an in vivo counterpart of the NK-ireg cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, NK-ireg cells represent a novel truly differentiated non-cytolytic NK subset with a self-sustainable phenotype (CD56(+) CD16(+) NKp30(+) NKp44(+) NKp46(+) CD94(+) CD69(+) CCR7(+)) generated from specific pSTAT6(+) GATA3(+) precursors. NK-ireg cells could be employed to develop new immuno-suppressive strategies in autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection or graft versus host diseases. In addition, NK-ireg cells can be easily derived from peripheral blood of the patients and could constitute an autologous biotherapic tool to be used combined or in alternative to other immuno-regulatory cells.
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195
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Andrew AS, Jewell DA, Mason RA, Whitfield ML, Moore JH, Karagas MR. Drinking-water arsenic exposure modulates gene expression in human lymphocytes from a U.S. population. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:524-31. [PMID: 18414638 PMCID: PMC2290973 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure impairs development and can lead to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The mechanism underlying these effects remains unknown. Primarily because of geologic sources of contamination, drinking-water arsenic levels are above the current recommended maximum contaminant level of 10 microg/L in the northeastern, western, and north central regions of the United States. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of arsenic exposure, defined by internal biomarkers at levels relevant to the United States and similarly exposed populations, on gene expression. METHODS We conducted separate Affymetrix microarray-based genomewide analyses of expression patterns. Peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from 21 controls interviewed (1999-2002) as part of a case-control study in New Hampshire were selected based on high- versus low-level arsenic exposure levels. RESULTS The biologic functions of the transcripts that showed statistically significant abundance differences between high- and low-arsenic exposure groups included an overrepresentation of genes involved in defense response, immune function, cell growth, apoptosis, regulation of cell cycle, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, and diabetes. Notably, the high-arsenic exposure group exhibited higher levels of several killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors that inhibit natural killer cell activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings define biologic changes that occur with chronic arsenic exposure in humans and provide leads and potential targets for understanding and monitoring the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline S Andrew
- Dartmouth Medical School Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 7927 Rubin 860, One Medical Center Dr., Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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Repnik U, Tilburgs T, Roelen DL, van der Mast BJ, Kanhai HHH, Scherjon S, Claas FHJ. Comparison of macrophage phenotype between decidua basalis and decidua parietalis by flow cytometry. Placenta 2008; 29:405-12. [PMID: 18353434 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The two regions of the maternal decidua, decidua basalis and decidua parietalis, differ in the extent of trophoblast invasion and consequently in cytokines and other biological mediators, extracellular matrix and cellular components. Our aim was to compare the phenotypic features of macrophages from the two decidual regions across a broad gestational age range. We isolated macrophages by enzymatic digestion from healthy decidua samples obtained after elective abortions, at 9-18-week and at 19-23-weeks, or after term deliveries (caesarean sections at term and spontaneous term vaginal deliveries). Macrophages were analysed by flow cytometry applying the same instrument settings to all the samples to allow semi-quantitative comparison of the expression of a particular marker between different samples. We found higher expressions of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR, suggestive of a more activated phenotype of decidual macrophages, at early/mid pregnancy than at term. Marginal differences were found between term decidual macrophages obtained after spontaneous vaginal deliveries or caesarean sections which imply that the parturient process is not associated with decidual macrophage activation. The expressions of CD105, DC-SIGN and MMR were the strongest in decidua basalis of mid pregnancy and indicate the importance of decidual macrophages in tissue homeostasis at the uteroplacental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Repnik
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2 E3-Q, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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197
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Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is a nonclassic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule that functions as an immunomodulatory molecule capable of protecting fetal tissues from the maternal immune system. The relevance of HLA-G in other contexts was investigated soon afterward. Numerous studies have sought (and some have shown) the relevance of HLA-G in pathologic conditions, such as transplantation, autoimmunity, and cancer and hematologic malignancies. One of the main goals of the current research on HLA-G is now to use it in the clinic, either for diagnosis or as a therapeutic tool/target. For this, precise knowledge on the nature and functions of HLA-G is critical. We highlight here what we consider are recent key basic findings on the immunomodulatory function of HLA-G. These strengthen the case for considering HLA-G as clinically relevant.
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198
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Gros F, Cabillic F, Toutirais O, Maux A, Sebti Y, Amiot L. Soluble HLA-G molecules impair natural killer/dendritic cell crosstalkvia inhibition of dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:742-9. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200736918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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199
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Down-regulation of HLA-G boosted natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis in JEG-3 cells cultured in vitro. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:2398-405. [PMID: 18243178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine how decidual natural killer (NK) cells interact with fetal trophoblasts in vitro. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University hospitals and IVF units. PATIENT(S) Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S) Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) An adenovirus vector containing small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically targeting the human lymphocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) gene was constructed and applied to diminish HLA-G mRNA expression. The steady-state levels of HLA-G messenger RNA (mRNA) were then checked by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein levels by Western blot analysis. The NK-mediated cell cytotoxicity in the siRNA treated cells was studied by application of a nonradioactive cytotoxicity assay. RESULT(S) Steady-state levels of HLA-G mRNA and protein were significantly diminished by the targeting siRNA. In cells where HLA-G expression was thus reduced, a significant increase in NK cell-mediated lysis occurred. CONCLUSION(S) These results indicate that the recombinant adenoviral vectors used were efficient tools for studying HLA-G function. More important, this study reveals an important immunoprotective function for HLA-G in controlling NK cell-mediated lysis of trophoblasts, cells whose role in mediating normal pregnancy is important.
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200
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Carosella ED, Moreau P, Lemaoult J, Rouas-Freiss N. HLA-G: from biology to clinical benefits. Trends Immunol 2008; 29:125-32. [PMID: 18249584 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G in human physiological and pathological contexts has been the center of intense investigation. In light of the recent advances, we report here the clinical implications of HLA-G as a tolerogenic molecule promoting uterine implantation of the embryo or acceptance of solid allografts while allowing the evasion of tumors or viruses from the immune response. These recent findings are important in terms of clinical benefits at both diagnostic and therapeutic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo D Carosella
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, 1 75010 Paris, France
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