151
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Filippi M, Born G, Chaaban M, Scherberich A. Natural Polymeric Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32509754 PMCID: PMC7253672 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in microsurgical techniques over the past decades, bone tissue remains a challenging arena to obtain a satisfying functional and structural restoration after damage. Through the production of substituting materials mimicking the physical and biological properties of the healthy tissue, tissue engineering strategies address an urgent clinical need for therapeutic alternatives to bone autografts. By virtue of their structural versatility, polymers have a predominant role in generating the biodegradable matrices that hold the cells in situ to sustain the growth of new tissue until integration into the transplantation area (i.e., scaffolds). As compared to synthetic ones, polymers of natural origin generally present superior biocompatibility and bioactivity. Their assembly and further engineering give rise to a wide plethora of advanced supporting materials, accounting for systems based on hydrogels or scaffolds with either fibrous or porous architecture. The present review offers an overview of the various types of natural polymers currently adopted in bone tissue engineering, describing their manufacturing techniques and procedures of functionalization with active biomolecules, and listing the advantages and disadvantages in their respective use in order to critically compare their actual applicability potential. Their combination to other classes of materials (such as micro and nanomaterials) and other innovative strategies to reproduce physiological bone microenvironments in a more faithful way are also illustrated. The regeneration outcomes achieved in vitro and in vivo when the scaffolds are enriched with different cell types, as well as the preliminary clinical applications are presented, before the prospects in this research field are finally discussed. The collection of studies herein considered confirms that advances in natural polymer research will be determinant in designing translatable materials for efficient tissue regeneration with forthcoming impact expected in the treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordian Born
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mansoor Chaaban
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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152
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Li Z, Wang J, Song G, Ji C, Han X. Anisotropic and strain rate-dependent mechanical properties and constitutive modeling of the cancellous bone from piglet cervical vertebrae. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 188:105279. [PMID: 31865093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Characterizing the mechanical properties of the cancellous bone from the cervical vertebrae of child or child surrogate is important for the development of spine finite element models and the investigation of injury mechanism, however, there is currently no public data available as far as we know. METHODS Compression tests were conducted on the specimens from the cervical vertebrae of 8-week-old piglets (child surrogates) in axial and radial directions at the strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10/s. The influences of directionality and strain rate on the mechanical properties of the vertebral cancellous bone were statistically investigated. The typical transversely isotropic model, which was added a strain rate item and a plasticity item, was implemented into LS-DYNA finite element code. Based on the material subroutine code, simulation was conducted on the vertebral tissue under compression in axial and radial directions at different strain rates. RESULTS The mechanical properties of the cancellous bone of cervical vertebrae were obtained and most of the stress-strain curves showed major linear elastic stage and short plastic stage before fracture. Significant anisotropic behavior was observed for the vertebral tissue in axial and radial directions. The elastic modulus, ultimate stress,yield stress, and ultimate strain of the speimens in axial direction was obtained, with on average, 2.5 ± 0.6 times, 2.1 ± 0.15 times, and 2.1 ± 0.1 times higher and 0.86 ± 0.076 times lower respecitvely, than those in radial direction. In addition, with the strain rate varying from 0.01/s to 10/s, the mechanical parameters, like elastic modulus, yield and ultimte stresses exhibited significant strain rate effect, however, no significant difference was found for the ultimate strain. CONCLUSIONS The cervical vertebrae showed significant anisotropic and strain rate-dependent behaviors. The self-developed subroutine codes based on the strain rate-dependent transversely isotropic elastic and plastic constitutive model can simulate the behaviors well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Jinjin Wang
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Guanghui Song
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- HanDan Central Hospital, Handan 056001, China
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153
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Williams AE, Watt J, Robertson LW, Gadupudi G, Osborn ML, Soares MJ, Iqbal K, Pedersen KB, Shankar K, Littleton S, Maimone C, Eti NA, Suva LJ, Ronis MJJ. Skeletal Toxicity of Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 126 in the Rat Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent. Toxicol Sci 2020; 175:113-125. [PMID: 32119087 PMCID: PMC7197949 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to skeletal toxicity, however mechanisms whereby PCBs affect bone are poorly studied. In this study, coplanar PCB 126 (5 μmol/kg) or corn oil vehicle was administered to N = 5 and 6 male and female, wild type (WT) or AhR -/- rats via intraperitoneal injection. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. Bone length was measured; bone morphology was assessed by microcomputed tomography and dynamic histomorphometry. Reduced bone length was the only genotype-specific effect and only observed in males (p < .05). WT rats exposed to PCB 126 had reduced serum calcium, and smaller bones with reduced tibial length, cortical area, and medullary area relative to vehicle controls (p < .05). Reduced bone formation rate observed in dynamic histomorphometry was consistent with inhibition of endosteal and periosteal bone growth. The effects of PCB 126 were abolished in AhR -/- rats. Gene expression in bone marrow and shaft were assessed by RNA sequencing. Approximately 75% of the PCB-regulated genes appeared AhR dependent with 89 genes significantly (p < .05) regulated by both PCB 126 and knockout of the AhR gene. Novel targets significantly induced by PCB 126 included Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf/Ccn2), which regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in the bone growth plate and cell-matrix interactions. These data suggest the toxic effects of PCB 126 on bone are mediated by AhR, which has direct effects on the growth plate and indirect actions related to endocrine disruption. These studies clarify important mechanisms underlying skeletal toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - James Watt
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Gopi Gadupudi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michele L Osborn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael J Soares
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shana Littleton
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Cole Maimone
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Nazmin A Eti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Martin J J Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
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154
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The Role of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) in Management of Bone Loss and Infection in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11020025. [PMID: 32290191 PMCID: PMC7353497 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in joint arthroplasty to secure an implant to the host bone. Complications including fracture, bone loss and infection might cause failure of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), resulting in the need for revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA). The goals of this paper are: (1) to identify the most common complications, outside of sepsis, arising from the application of PMMA following rTKA, (2) to discuss the current applications and drawbacks of employing PMMA in managing bone loss, (3) to review the role of PMMA in addressing bone infection following complications in rTKA. Papers published between 1970 to 2018 have been considered through searching in Springer, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, Engineering village, PubMed and weblinks. This review considers the use of PMMA as both a bone void filler and as a spacer material in two-stage revision. To manage bone loss, PMMA is widely used to fill peripheral bone defects whose depth is less than 5 mm and covers less than 50% of the bone surface. Treatment of bone infections with PMMA is mainly for two-stage rTKA where antibiotic-loaded PMMA is inserted as a spacer. This review also shows that using antibiotic-loaded PMMA might cause complications such as toxicity to surrounding tissue, incomplete antibiotic agent release from the PMMA, roughness and bacterial colonization on the surface of PMMA. Although PMMA is the only commercial bone cement used in rTKA, there are concerns associated with using PMMA following rTKA. More research and clinical studies are needed to address these complications.
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155
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Martínez C, Guerra C, Silva D, Cubillos M, Briones F, Muñoz L, Páez M, Aguilar C, Sancy M. Effect of porosity on mechanical and electrochemical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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156
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Pitjamit S, Thunsiri K, Nakkiew W, Wongwichai T, Pothacharoen P, Wattanutchariya W. The Possibility of Interlocking Nail Fabrication from FFF 3D Printing PLA/PCL/HA Composites Coated by Local Silk Fibroin for Canine Bone Fracture Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1564. [PMID: 32231063 PMCID: PMC7177625 DOI: 10.3390/ma13071564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The biomaterials polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) were selected to fabricate composite filaments for 3D printing fused filament fabrication (FFF), which was used to fabricate a composite biomaterial for an interlocking nail for canine diaphyseal fractures instead of metal bioinert materials. Bioactive materials were used to increase biological activities and provide a high possibility for bone regeneration to eliminate the limitations of interlocking nails. HA was added to PLA and PCL granules in three ratios according to the percentage of HA: 0%, 5%, and 15% (PLA/PCL, PLA/PCL/5HA, and PLA/PCL/15HA, respectively), before the filaments were extruded. The test specimens were 3D-printed from the extruded composite filaments using an FFF printer. Then, a group of test specimens was coated by silk fibroin (SF) using the lyophilization technique to increase their biological properties. Mechanical, biological, and chemical characterizations were performed to investigate the properties of the composite biomaterials. The glass transition and melting temperatures of the copolymer were not influenced by the presence of HA in the PLA/PCL filaments. Meanwhile, the presence of HA in the PLA/PCL/15HA group resulted in the highest compressive strength (82.72 ± 1.76 MPa) and the lowest tensile strength (52.05 ± 2.44 MPa). HA provided higher bone cell proliferation, and higher values were observed in the SF coating group. Therefore, FFF 3D-printed filaments using composite materials with bioactive materials have a high potential for use in fabricating an interlocking nail for canine diaphyseal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwasit Pitjamit
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Center (AMTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Kittiya Thunsiri
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Center (AMTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (W.W.)
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Nakkiew
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Center (AMTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (W.W.)
| | - Tunchanok Wongwichai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Peraphan Pothacharoen
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (T.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Wassanai Wattanutchariya
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Center (AMTech), Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (W.W.)
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157
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Salinas P, Núñez-Cook S, Arenas-Caro A, Moreno L, Curihuentro E, Vidal F. Anatomy, Morphometry and Radiography in the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul Deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus). Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:494-501. [PMID: 32202342 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide morphometric, anatomic and radiographic data of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian Huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) including a functional interpretation of this, as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching purposes. Currently, the Patagonian huemul deer is in danger of becoming extinct due to multiple causes. Research carried out for its conservation has focused mainly on its ecology and pathology, leaving gaps in biological knowledge, which is basic and important for its comprehension. This study was conducted to reveal the gross osteology and radiology features of the thoracic limb bones of the Patagonian huemul deer. The osteological findings suggest the presence of powerful flexor muscles in the scapulohumeral and elbow joints, useful to cushion the jumps. Also, the principal nutrient foramen of Patagonian huemul differs in position with respect to domestic ungulates, which may be important to consider during surgical procedures. Finally, the radiographic data can provide new information about the tissue loading conditions in Patagonian huemul, so that this new knowledge can be of great importance for a better understanding of mechanically induced or adaptive changes in bone produced by habitat or other ecological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Salinas
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Samuel Núñez-Cook
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Abigail Arenas-Caro
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luis Moreno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile
| | - Escarlet Curihuentro
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile.,Fauna Andina, Wildlife Conservation and Management Center, Villarrica, Chile
| | - Fernando Vidal
- Fauna Andina, Wildlife Conservation and Management Center, Villarrica, Chile.,Unit of Wildlife Conservation and Management, Universidad Santo Tomás, Temuco, Chile.,IUCN, Deer Specialist Group, Apple Valley, MN, USA.,Fundación Huilo Huilo, Wildlife Department, Neltume, Panguipulli, Chile
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158
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Olaiya NG, Nuryawan A, Oke PK, Khalil HPSA, Rizal S, Mogaji PB, Sadiku ER, Suprakas SR, Farayibi PK, Ojijo V, Paridah MT. The Role of Two-Step Blending in the Properties of Starch/Chitin/Polylactic Acid Biodegradable Composites for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030592. [PMID: 32151004 PMCID: PMC7182811 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current research trend for excellent miscibility in polymer mixing is the use of plasticizers. The use of most plasticizers usually has some negative effects on the mechanical properties of the resulting composite and can sometimes make it toxic, which makes such polymers unsuitable for biomedical applications. This research focuses on the improvement of the miscibility of polymer composites using two-step mixing with a rheomixer and a mix extruder. Polylactic acid (PLA), chitin, and starch were produced after two-step mixing, using a compression molding method with decreasing composition variation (between 8% to 2%) of chitin and increasing starch content. A dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was used to study the mechanical behavior of the composite at various temperatures. The tensile strength, yield, elastic modulus, impact, morphology, and compatibility properties were also studied. The DMA results showed a glass transition temperature range of 50 °C to 100 °C for all samples, with a distinct peak value for the loss modulus and factor. The single distinct peak value meant the polymer blend was compatible. The storage and loss modulus increased with an increase in blending, while the loss factor decreased, indicating excellent compatibility and miscibility of the composite components. The mechanical properties of the samples improved compared to neat PLA. Small voids and immiscibility were noticed in the scanning electron microscopy images, and this was corroborated by X-ray diffraction graphs that showed an improvement in the crystalline nature of PLA with starch. Bioabsorption and toxicity tests showed compatibility with the rat system, which is similar to the human system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyi Gideon Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Arif Nuryawan
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia;
| | - Peter Kayode Oke
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- School of Industrial Technology, University Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - P. B. Mogaji
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - E. R. Sadiku
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, P.M.B. X680, Pretoria 0183, South Africa;
| | - S. R. Suprakas
- DST-/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.R.S.); (V.O.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Peter Kayode Farayibi
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B. 740, Akure 340282, Nigeria; (P.K.O.); (P.B.M.); (P.K.F.)
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-/CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.R.S.); (V.O.)
| | - M. T. Paridah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.G.O.); (H.P.S.A.K.); (M.T.P.)
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159
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Wear KA. Mechanisms of Interaction of Ultrasound With Cancellous Bone: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:454-482. [PMID: 31634127 PMCID: PMC7050438 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2947755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is now a clinically accepted modality in the management of osteoporosis. The most common commercial clinical devices assess fracture risk from measurements of attenuation and sound speed in cancellous bone. This review discusses fundamental mechanisms underlying the interaction between ultrasound and cancellous bone. Because of its two-phase structure (mineralized trabecular network embedded in soft tissue-marrow), its anisotropy, and its inhomogeneity, cancellous bone is more difficult to characterize than most soft tissues. Experimental data for the dependencies of attenuation, sound speed, dispersion, and scattering on ultrasound frequency, bone mineral density, composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties are presented. The relative roles of absorption, scattering, and phase cancellation in determining attenuation measurements in vitro and in vivo are delineated. Common speed of sound metrics, which entail measurements of transit times of pulse leading edges (to avoid multipath interference), are greatly influenced by attenuation, dispersion, and system properties, including center frequency and bandwidth. However, a theoretical model has been shown to be effective for correction for these confounding factors in vitro and in vivo. Theoretical and phantom models are presented to elucidate why cancellous bone exhibits negative dispersion, unlike soft tissue, which exhibits positive dispersion. Signal processing methods are presented for separating "fast" and "slow" waves (predicted by poroelasticity theory and supported in cancellous bone) even when the two waves overlap in time and frequency domains. Models to explain dependencies of scattering on frequency and mean trabecular thickness are presented and compared with measurements. Anisotropy, the effect of the fluid filler medium (marrow in vivo or water in vitro), phantoms, computational modeling of ultrasound propagation, acoustic microscopy, and nonlinear properties in cancellous bone are also discussed.
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160
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3D Printing of Polycaprolactone-Polyaniline Electroactive Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030512. [PMID: 31978961 PMCID: PMC7040705 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electrostimulation and electroactive scaffolds can positively influence and guide cellular behaviour and thus has been garnering interest as a key tissue engineering strategy. The development of conducting polymers such as polyaniline enables the fabrication of conductive polymeric composite scaffolds. In this study, we report on the initial development of a polycaprolactone scaffold incorporating different weight loadings of a polyaniline microparticle filler. The scaffolds are fabricated using screw-assisted extrusion-based 3D printing and are characterised for their morphological, mechanical, conductivity, and preliminary biological properties. The conductivity of the polycaprolactone scaffolds increases with the inclusion of polyaniline. The in vitro cytocompatibility of the scaffolds was assessed using human adipose-derived stem cells to determine cell viability and proliferation up to 21 days. A cytotoxicity threshold was reached at 1% wt. polyaniline loading. Scaffolds with 0.1% wt. polyaniline showed suitable compressive strength (6.45 ± 0.16 MPa) and conductivity (2.46 ± 0.65 × 10−4 S/cm) for bone tissue engineering applications and demonstrated the highest cell viability at day 1 (88%) with cytocompatibility for up to 21 days in cell culture.
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161
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Tong X, Shi Z, Xu L, Lin J, Zhang D, Wang K, Li Y, Wen C. Degradation behavior, cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and antibacterial properties of electro-deposited Zn-Cu metal foams as potential biodegradable bone implants. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:481-492. [PMID: 31740321 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) alloys have attracted much attention for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biological functionalities. Zn alloy foams have high potential to be used as regenerative medical implants by virtue of their porous structure, which allows new bone tissue ingrowth, their low elastic modulus approximating that of natural bone, and their biodegradation, which eliminates the need for follow-up surgery to remove the implants after bone tissue healing. In this context, a biodegradable Zn-Cu foam was fabricated by electrochemical deposition on a foamed Cu template and given a subsequent diffusion heat treatment. The microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation behavior, toxicity, hemolysis percentages, and antibacterial effects of the Zn-Cu foams were assessed for biomedical applications. The Zn-Cu foams exhibited a yield strength of ~12.1 MPa, a plateau strength of 16.8 MPa, and a strain over 50% under compression tests. The corrosion rate of the Zn-Cu foams measured by electrochemical polarization testing was 0.18 mm/y. The Zn-Cu foams showed good blood compatibility with a hemolysis percentage of less than 5%. Cytotoxicity assessment indicated that a 100% concentration of the Zn-Cu foam extract showed clear cytotoxicity against MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, but a 12.5% concentration of the extract showed > 90% cell viability. Moreover, the Zn-Cu foams showed good antibacterial effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work reportsa biodegradable Zn-Cu foam with high mechanical strength and ductility, suitable degradation rate, good antibacterial capacity, and good hemolysis property and biocompatibility. The Zn-Cu foam exhibited a yield strength of ~12.1 MPa, a plateau strength of 16.8 MPa, and a strain over 50% under compression tests. The corrosion rate of the Zn-Cu foam measured by electrochemical polarization testing was 0.18 mm/y in Hanks' Solutions. The Zn-Cu foam showed good blood compatibility with a hemolysis percentage of less than 5%. Cytotoxicity assessment indicated that a 12.5% concentration of the foam extract showed > 90% cell viability. Moreover, the Zn-Cu foam showed good antibacterial effects against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Tong
- Department of Material Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325003, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zimu Shi
- Department of Material Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325003, China; Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Linchao Xu
- Department of Material Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Jixing Lin
- Department of Material Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325003, China; School of Physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Dechuang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Material Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou 325003, China
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
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162
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Pidgeon TS, DaSilva KA, Crisco JJ, Johnson EC, Chambers AB, DaSilva MF. Three-Dimensional Characterization of Trabecular Bone Mineral Density of the Distal Radius Utilizing Quantitative Computed Tomography. Hand (N Y) 2020; 15:131-139. [PMID: 30019965 PMCID: PMC6966296 DOI: 10.1177/1558944718789407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Distal radius (DR) fractures demonstrate patterns of predictable fragments. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements of these regions of interest (ROIs) may guide more precise treatment. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the DR of 42 healthy volunteers (23 female) were analyzed using quantitative CT software, measuring BMD within trabecular bone. Seven ROIs were described by alignment with the distal (volar ulnar distal [VUD], dorsal ulnar distal [DUD], volar radial distal [VRD], and dorsal radial distal [DRD]) or proximal (middle ulnar proximal [MUP], middle proximal [MP], and middle radial proximal [MRP]) sigmoid notch. Additional ROIs were the radial styloid (RS) and metadiaphysis (MD). A general estimation equation assessed subject's BMDs with predictive factors of gender, ROI, and age. The interaction between gender, ROI, and age was included in the model to allow for differences in ROI to vary with gender and/or age. Results: Comparing ROIs within the same gender and, separately, within the same age group revealed significantly higher BMD adjacent to the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints. Male and female individuals aged ≥50 years (mean: 172.7 mg/cm3 ± 6.1) had significantly lower BMD than those aged <50 years (mean: 202.7 mg/cm3 ± 5.8) when all ROIs were considered. Males had higher mean BMD at each ROI compared with females; these differences were significant in 5 of the 9 ROIs: VUD, DUD, DRD, RS, MUP. Conclusions: Trabecular BMD of the DR is highest adjacent to the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints. Female patients and those ≥50 years have lower trabecular BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S. Pidgeon
- Brown University, Providence, RI,
USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence,
USA,Tyler S. Pidgeon, Duke University Medical
Center, 4709 Creekstone Drive, Suite 200, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
| | - Katia A. DaSilva
- Brown University, Providence, RI,
USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence,
USA
| | - Joseph J. Crisco
- Brown University, Providence, RI,
USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence,
USA
| | | | - Alison B. Chambers
- Brown University, Providence, RI,
USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence,
USA
| | - Manuel F. DaSilva
- Brown University, Providence, RI,
USA,Rhode Island Hospital, Providence,
USA
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163
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Dirkes RK, Winn NC, Jurrissen TJ, Lubahn DB, Vieira-Potter VJ, Padilla J, Hinton PS. Global estrogen receptor-α knockout has differential effects on cortical and cancellous bone in aged male mice. Facets (Ott) 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α knockout (ERKO) in female rodents results in bone loss associated with increased osteocyte sclerostin expression; whether this also occurs in males is unknown. Here, we examined the effects of ERKO on femoral cortical geometry, trabecular microarchitecture, and osteocyte sclerostin expression of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. At 14 months of age, male ERKO and wild-type (WT) littermates ( n = 6 per group) were sacrificed, and femora and vertebra were collected. Cortical geometry and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed via micro-computed tomography; osteocyte sclerostin expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry. ANCOVA with body weight was used to compare ERKO and WT for cortical geometry; t-tests were used for all other outcomes. Regardless of skeletal site, ERKO mice had greater trabecular bone volume and trabecular number and decreased trabecular separation compared with WT. In the femoral diaphysis, ERKO had lower total area, cortical area, and cortical thickness compared with WT. The percentage of sclerostin+ osteocytes was increased in ERKO animals in cortical bone but not in cancellous bone of the femur or the lumbar vertebrae. In conclusion, ERKO improved trabecular microarchitecture in aged male mice, but negatively altered femoral cortical geometry associated with a trend towards increased cortical sclerostin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nathan C. Winn
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas J. Jurrissen
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis B. Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, 117 Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Child Health, University of Missouri, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Child Health, University of Missouri, 400 N. Keene Street, Suite 010, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Dr., Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Pamela S. Hinton
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, 204 Gwynn Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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164
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A New Diagnostic Approach for Periprosthetic Acetabular Fractures Based on 3D Modeling: A Study Protocol. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 10:diagnostics10010015. [PMID: 31905717 PMCID: PMC7168180 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic acetabular fractures after total hip arthroplasty (THA) are mostly related to low energy trauma reduced bone quality. CT-scan is widely used to evaluate acetabular fractures, however, metal artifacts produced prosthetic implants limit the visualization of the articular surface and bone loss assessment. 3D modeling software allows us to creating tridimensional images of the bony surface, removing the metallic implants trough image segmentation. We highlight the use of 3D modeling and rapid prototyping (3D printing) for the diagnostic process of periprosthetic acetabular fracture around THA. 3D modeling software was used to improve the assessment of fracture morphology and bone quality. Moreover, the 3D images were printed in a real-life size model and used for preoperative implant templating, sizing and surgical simulation.
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165
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Smith BT, Bittner SM, Watson E, Smoak MM, Diaz-Gomez L, Molina ER, Kim YS, Hudgins CD, Melchiorri AJ, Scott DW, Grande-Allen KJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A, Fisher JP, Mikos AG. Multimaterial Dual Gradient Three-Dimensional Printing for Osteogenic Differentiation and Spatial Segregation. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:239-252. [PMID: 31696784 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study of three-dimensional (3D) printed composite β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-/hydroxyapatite/poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based constructs, the effects of vertical compositional ceramic gradients and architectural porosity gradients on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. Specifically, three different concentrations of β-TCP (0, 10, and 20 wt%) and three different porosities (33% ± 4%, 50% ± 4%, and 65% ± 3%) were examined to elucidate the contributions of chemical and physical gradients on the biochemical behavior of MSCs and the mineralized matrix production within a 3D culture system. By delaminating the constructs at the gradient transition point, the spatial separation of cellular phenotypes could be specifically evaluated for each construct section. Results indicated that increased concentrations of β-TCP resulted in upregulation of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix development. Furthermore, MSCs located within regions of higher porosity displayed a more mature osteogenic phenotype compared to MSCs in lower porosity regions. These results demonstrate that 3D printing can be leveraged to create multiphasic gradient constructs to precisely direct the development and function of MSCs, leading to a phenotypic gradient. Impact Statement In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printed ceramic/polymeric constructs containing discrete vertical gradients of both composition and porosity were fabricated to precisely control the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. By making simple alterations in construct architecture and composition, constructs containing heterogenous populations of cells were generated, where gradients in scaffold design led to corresponding gradients in cellular phenotype. The study demonstrates that 3D printed multiphasic composite constructs can be leveraged to create complex heterogeneous tissues and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mollie M Smoak
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric R Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrigan D Hudgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony J Melchiorri
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - James J Yoo
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John P Fisher
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
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166
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Conrad B, Hayashi C, Yang F. Gelatin-Based Microribbon Hydrogels Guided Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Undergo Endochondral Ossification In Vivo with Bone-Mimicking Mechanical Strength. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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167
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Cesar R, Bravo-Castillero J, Ramos RR, Pereira CAM, Zanin H, Rollo JMDA. Relating mechanical properties of vertebral trabecular bones to osteoporosis. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2019; 23:54-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2019.1699542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Cesar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J. Bravo-Castillero
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas (IIMAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, México
- IIMAS UNAM Mérida, Unidad Académica de Yucatán, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - R. R. Ramos
- Facultad de Matemática y Computación, Universidad de La Habana, Havana, Cuba
| | - C. A. M. Pereira
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Institute at the Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H. Zanin
- Carbon Sci-Tech labs, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - J. M. D. A. Rollo
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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168
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Moshage SG, McCoy AM, Polk JD, Kersh ME. Temporal and spatial changes in bone accrual, density, and strain energy density in growing foals. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103568. [PMID: 32090959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone adaptation is in part driven by mechanical loading, and exercise during youth has been shown to have life-long benefits for bone health. However, the development of early exercise-based interventions that reduce the incidence of fractures in racing horses is limited by the lack of characterization of normal development in growing bone. Previous efforts to quantify bone development in the horse have relied on repeated radiographs or peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans, which are limited in their assessment of the entire bone. In this study, we acquired computed tomography scans of three Standardbred trotting colts longitudinally between 2 and 12 months of age. Finite-element models were constructed of the left forelimb proximal phalanx and used to assess strain energy density during quiet standing. Growth related changes in mineral density and bone area fraction in the distal epiphysis, mid-diaphysis, and proximal epiphysis were evaluated. Mineral density and bone area fraction uniformly increased in the diaphysis and strain energy density was constant during growth, indicating adaptation to quiet standing. Bone mineral density and bone area fraction increased in the medial quadrant of the proximal epiphysis but not in the fracture-prone lateral quadrant. The data presented provides a benchmark of normal growth trajectories that can be used to evaluate the effect of training regimens during growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Moshage
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Annette M McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - John D Polk
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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169
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Lack of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Disturbs Callus Formation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 71:1543-1555. [PMID: 31808034 PMCID: PMC8349325 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01448-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally secreted signaling peptide and has important regulatory roles in the differentiation of the central nervous system and its absence results in disorders in femur development. PACAP has an important function in prevention of oxidative stress or mechanical stress in chondrogenesis but little is known about its function in bone regeneration. A new callus formation model was set to investigate its role in bone remodeling. Fracturing was 5 mm distal from the proximal articular surface of the tibia and the depth was 0.5 mm. Reproducibility of callus formation was investigated with CT 3, 7, and 21 days after the operation. Absence of PACAP did not alter the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activation in PACAP KO healing process. In developing callus, the expression of collagen type I increased in wild-type (WT) and PACAP KO mice decreased to the end of healing process. Expression of the elements of BMP signaling was disturbed in the callus formation of PACAP KO mice, as bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) and 6 showed an early reduction in bone regeneration. However, elevated Smad1 expression was demonstrated in PACAP KO mice. Our results indicate that PACAP KO mice show various signs of disturbed bone healing and suggest PACAP compensatory and fine tuning effects in proper bone regeneration.
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170
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Fernandes MM, Correia DM, Ribeiro C, Castro N, Correia V, Lanceros-Mendez S. Bioinspired Three-Dimensional Magnetoactive Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:45265-45275. [PMID: 31682095 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue repair strategies are gaining increasing relevance due to the growing incidence of bone disorders worldwide. Biochemical stimulation is the most commonly used strategy for cell regeneration, while the application of physical cues, including magnetic, mechanical, or electrical fields, is a promising, however, scarcely investigated field. This work reports on novel magnetoactive three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds suitable for effective proliferation of osteoblasts in a biomimetic microenvironment. This physically active microenvironment is developed through the bone-mimicking structure of the scaffold combined with the physical stimuli provided by a magnetic custom-made bioreactor on a magnetoresponsive scaffold. Scaffolds are obtained through the development of nanocomposites comprised of a piezoelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and magnetostrictive particles of CoFe2O4, using a solvent casting method guided by the overlapping of nylon template structures with three different fiber diameter sizes (60, 80, and 120 μm), thus generating 3D scaffolds with different pore sizes. The magnetoactive composites show a structure very similar to trabecular bone with pore sizes that range from 5 to 20 μm, owing to the inherent process of crystallization of PVDF with the nanoparticles (NPs), interconnected with bigger pores, formed after removing the nylon templates. It is found that the materials crystallize in the electroactive β-phase of PVDF and promote the proliferation of preosteoblasts through the application of magnetic stimuli. This phenomenon is attributed to both local magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric response of the scaffolds, which induce a proper cellular mechano- and electro-transduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Fernandes
- Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
- Centre of Physics , University of Minho , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
| | - Daniela M Correia
- Centre of Physics , University of Minho , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
- Centro de Química , Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro , Vila Real 5001-801 , Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
- Centre of Physics , University of Minho , Braga 4710-057 , Portugal
| | - Nelson Castro
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures , UPV/EHU Science Park , Leioa 48940 , Spain
| | - Vitor Correia
- Centro Algoritmi , Universidade do Minho , Guimarães 4800-058 , Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures , UPV/EHU Science Park , Leioa 48940 , Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48013 , Spain
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171
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Kang KY, Ju JH, Park SH, Hong YS. Longitudinal Association Between Trabecular Bone Loss and Disease Activity in Axial Spondyloarthritis: A 4-year Prospective Study. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:1330-1337. [PMID: 31732556 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether trabecular bone loss is longitudinally associated with disease activity measures in patientswith axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS Data from patients enrolled in the Incheon Saint Mary's axSpA prospective observational cohort were evaluated. Trabecular bone loss was assessed using the trabecular bone score (TBS). The relationship between TBS and disease activity measures [Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] was investigated using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models. RESULTS Four-year followup data from 240 patients (80% males, mean age 37 ± 12 yrs) were evaluated. At baseline, higher disease activity according to ASDAS-ESR and ASDAS-CRP showed a trend toward lower TBS (p = 0.003 and p = 0.016, respectively). Univariate GEE analyses showed a significant association between TBS and disease activity measures over time, with the exception of BASDAI. Univariate analysis showed a longitudinal association between TBS and age, smoking, and spinal structural damage. In multivariate GEE analysis, ASDAS-ESR, ASDAS-CRP, ESR, and CRP were longitudinally associated with TBS after adjustment for confounding factors. ASDAS scores and inflammatory markers were longitudinally associated with TBS in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS; 79%), but not in patients with nonradiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA). BASDAI scores showed no relationship with TBS in either the AS or nr-axSpA groups. CONCLUSION Trabecular bone loss in patients with axSpA, assessed using the TBS, showed a longitudinal association with ASDAS scores and inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwi Young Kang
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea. .,K.Y. Kang, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; J.H. Ju, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital; S.H. Park, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Y.S. Hong, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,K.Y. Kang, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; J.H. Ju, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital; S.H. Park, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Y.S. Hong, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,K.Y. Kang, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; J.H. Ju, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital; S.H. Park, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Y.S. Hong, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Sik Hong
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,K.Y. Kang, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; J.H. Ju, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Mary's Hospital; S.H. Park, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; Y.S. Hong, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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172
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Synthetic bone: Design by additive manufacturing. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:637-656. [PMID: 31394295 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A broad range of synthetic trabecular-like metallic lattices are 3D printed, to study the extra design freedom conferred by this new manufacturing process. The aim is to propose new conceptual types of implant structures for superior bio-mechanical matching and osseo-integration: synthetic bone. The target designs are 3D printed in Ti-6Al-4V alloy using a laser-bed process. Systematic evaluation is then carried out: (i) their accuracy is characterised at high spatial resolution using computed X-ray tomography, to assess manufacturing robustness with respect to the original geometrical design intent and (ii) the mechanical properties - stiffness and strength - are experimentally measured, evaluated, and compared. Finally, this new knowledge is synthesised in a conceptual framework to allow the construction of so-called implant design maps, to define the processing conditions of bone tailored substitutes, with focus on spine fusion devices. The design criteria emphasise the bone stiffness-matching, preferred range of pore structure for bone in-growth, manufacturability of the device and choice of inherent materials properties which are needed for durable implants. Examples of the use of such maps are given with focus on spine fusion devices, emphasising the stiffness-matching, osseo-integration properties and choice of inherent materials properties which are needed for durable implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We present a conceptual bio-engineering design methodology for new biomedical lattices produced by additive manufacturing, which addresses some of the critical points in currently existing porous implant materials. Amongst others: (i) feasibility and accuracy of manufacturing, (ii) design to the elastic properties of bone, and (iii) sensible pores sizes for osseointegration. This has inspired new and novel geometrical latticed designs which aim at improving the properties of intervertebral fusion devices. In their fundamental form, these structures are here fabricated and tested. When integrated into medical devices, these concepts could offer superior medical outcomes.
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173
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Schorr M, Fazeli PK, Bachmann KN, Faje AT, Meenaghan E, Kimball A, Singhal V, Ebrahimi S, Gleysteen S, Mickley D, Eddy KT, Misra M, Klibanski A, Miller KK. Differences in Trabecular Plate and Rod Structure in Premenopausal Women Across the Weight Spectrum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4501-4510. [PMID: 31219580 PMCID: PMC6735760 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Premenopausal women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity (OB) have elevated fracture risk. More plate-like and axially aligned trabecular bone, assessed by individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS), is associated with higher estimated bone strength. Trabecular plate and rod structure has not been reported across the weight spectrum. OBJECTIVE To investigate trabecular plate and rod structure in premenopausal women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS A total of 105 women age 21 to 46 years: (i) women with AN (n = 46), (ii) eumenorrheic lean healthy controls (HCs) (n = 29), and (iii) eumenorrheic women with OB (n = 30). MEASURES Trabecular microarchitecture by ITS. RESULTS Mean age (±SD) was similar (28.9 ± 6.3 years) and body mass index differed (16.7 ± 1.8 vs 22.6 ± 1.4 vs 35.1 ± 3.3 kg/m2; P < 0.0001) across groups. Bone was less plate-like and axially aligned in AN (P ≤ 0.01) and did not differ between OB and HC. After controlling for weight, plate and axial bone volume fraction and plate number density were lower in OB vs HC; some were lower in OB than AN (P < 0.05). The relationship between weight and plate variables was quadratic (R = 0.39 to 0.70; P ≤ 0.0006) (i.e., positive associations were attenuated at high weight). Appendicular lean mass and IGF-1 levels were positively associated with plate variables (R = 0.27 to 0.67; P < 0.05). Amenorrhea was associated with lower radial plate variables than eumenorrhea in AN (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In women with AN, trabecular bone is less plate-like. In women with OB, trabecular plates do not adapt to high weight. This is relevant because trabecular plates are associated with greater estimated bone strength. Higher muscle mass and IGF-1 levels may mitigate some of the adverse effects of low weight or excess adiposity on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schorr
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Melanie Schorr, MD, Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch 457B, Boston, Massachusetts 02114. E-mail:
| | - Pouneh K Fazeli
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine N Bachmann
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander T Faje
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erinne Meenaghan
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allison Kimball
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vibha Singhal
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seda Ebrahimi
- Cambridge Eating Disorder Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Gleysteen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Diane Mickley
- Wilkins Center for Eating Disorders, Greenwich, Connecticut
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madhusmita Misra
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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174
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Wang Y, Xie J, Ai Z, Su J. Nobiletin-loaded micelles reduce ovariectomy-induced bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:7839-7849. [PMID: 31576127 PMCID: PMC6769031 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s213724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxy flavonoid, possesses anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, has been reported that it played role in anti-osteoporosis treatment. However, previous research did not focus on practical use due to lack of hydrophilicity and cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The aim of this study was to develop a therapeutic formulation for osteoporosis based on the utilization of NOB. Methods In this study, NOB-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (NOB-PEG-PCL) was prepared by dialysis method. The effects on osteoclasts and anti-osteoporosis functions were investigated in a RANKL-induced cell model and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Results Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy examination results revealed that the NOB-PEG-PCL had a round shape, with a mean diameter around 124 nm. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were 76.34±3.25% and 7.60±0.48%, respectively. The in vitro release of NOB from NOB-PEG-PCL showed a remarkably sustained releasing characteristic and could be retained at least 48 hrs in pH 7.4 PBS. Anti-osteoclasts effects demonstrated that the NOB-PEG-PCL significantly inhibited the formation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinuclear cells stimulated by RANKL. Furthermore, the NOB-PEG-PCL did not produce cytotoxicity on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). The mRNA expressions of genetic markers of osteoclasts including TRAP and cathepsin K were significantly decreased in the presence of NOB-PEG-PCL. In addition, the NOB-PEG-PCL inhibited OC differentiation of BMMs through RANKL-induced MAPK signal pathway. After administration of the NOB-PEG-PCL, NOB-PEG-PCL prevented bone loss and improved bone density in OVX mice. These findings suggest that NOB-PEG-PCL might have great potential in the treatment of osteoporosis. Conclusion The results suggested that NOB-PEG-PCL micelles could effectively prevent NOB fast release from micelles and extend circulation time. The NOB-PEG-PCL delivery system may be a promising way to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexin Ai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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175
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Liu X, Miller AL, Xu H, Waletzki BE, Lu L. Injectable Catalyst-Free Poly(Propylene Fumarate) System Cross-Linked by Strain Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Click Chemistry for Spine Defect Filling. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3352-3365. [PMID: 31398020 PMCID: PMC9009285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new PPF-BCN/hyPCL32-N3 injectable system that can be cross-linked by catalyst-free, strain promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) click chemistry was developed for tissue engineering applications. The system consisted of two components: PPF-BCN, poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) functionalized with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN-OH), and hyPCL32-N3, a hyper-branched 32-arm poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) dendrimer functionalized with azide as the cross-linker core. Fast SPAAC click reaction allowed the desired gelation of the system without using any toxic initiator or catalyst. Compared to the conventional injectable formulation, e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), our PPF-BCN/hyPCL32-N3 (abbreviated as PFCL-Click) injectable system showed enhanced biocompatibility and low heat generation during cross-linking. After reaction, the cross-linked PFCL-Click scaffolds supported excellent proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblast cells on the surface. The PFCL-Click system can be successfully injected into vertebral bodies of rabbit spine and can be monitored by X-ray imaging after incorporating zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) powder. With these unique advantages, this injectable system has promising potential for bone defect repair and other tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - A. Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian E. Waletzki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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176
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Avin KG, Allen MR, Chen NX, Srinivasan S, O'Neill KD, Troutman AD, Mast G, Swallow EA, Brown MB, Wallace JM, Zimmers TA, Warden SJ, Moe SM. Voluntary Wheel Running Has Beneficial Effects in a Rat Model of CKD-Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1898-1909. [PMID: 31501355 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced bone and muscle health in individuals with CKD contributes to their higher rates of morbidity and mortality. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that voluntary wheel running would improve musculoskeletal health in a CKD rat model. Rats with spontaneous progressive cystic kidney disease (Cy/+ IU) and normal littermates (NL) were given access to a voluntary running wheel or standard cage conditions for 10 weeks starting at 25 weeks of age when the rats with kidney disease had reached stage 2-3 of CKD. We then measured the effects of wheel running on serum biochemistry, tissue weight, voluntary grip strength, maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition and bone micro-CT and mechanics. RESULTS Wheel running improved serum biochemistry with decreased creatinine, phosphorous, and parathyroid hormone in the rats with CKD. It improved muscle strength, increased time-to-fatigue (for VO2max), reduced cortical porosity and improved bone microarchitecture. The CKD rats with voluntary wheel access also had reduced kidney cystic weight and reduced left ventricular mass index. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary wheel running resulted in multiple beneficial systemic effects in rats with CKD and improved their physical function. Studies examining exercise interventions in patients with CKD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Avin
- Division of Nephrology and .,Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana; and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew R Allen
- Division of Nephrology and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | - Neal X Chen
- Division of Nephrology and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shruthi Srinivasan
- Division of Nephrology and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kalisha D O'Neill
- Division of Nephrology and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ashley D Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Garrison Mast
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | | | - Mary Beth Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Division of Nephrology and.,Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Medicine and General Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Stuart J Warden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Indiana University School of Health and Human Sciences, Indianapolis, Indiana; and.,Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
| | - Sharon M Moe
- Division of Nephrology and.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and
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177
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Stephens CJ, Spector JA, Butcher JT. Biofabrication of thick vascularized neo-pedicle flaps for reconstructive surgery. Transl Res 2019; 211:84-122. [PMID: 31170376 PMCID: PMC6702068 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wound chronicity due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors perturbs adequate lesion closure and reestablishment of the protective skin barrier. Immediate and proper care of chronic wounds is necessary for a swift recovery and a reduction of patient vulnerability to infection. Advanced therapies supplemented with standard wound care procedures have been clinically implemented to restore aberrant tissue; however, these treatments are ineffective if local vasculature is too compromised to support minimally-invasive strategies. Autologous "flaps", which are tissues equipped with their own hierarchical vascular supply, can be harvested from one region of the patient and transplanted to the wound where it is reperfused upon microsurgical anastomosis to appropriate recipient vessels. Despite the success of autologous flap transfer, these procedures are extremely invasive, incur obligatory donor-site morbidity, and require sufficient donor-tissue availability, microsurgical expertise, and specialized equipment. 3D-bioprinting modalities, such as extrusion-based bioprinting, can be used to address the clinical constraints of autologous flap transfer, primarily addressing donor-site morbidity and tissue availability. This advancement in regenerative medicine allows the biofabrication of heterogeneous tissue structures with high shape fidelity and spatial resolution to generate biomimetic constructs with the anatomically-precise geometries of native tissue to ensure tissue-specific function. Yet, meaningful progress toward this clinical application has been limited by the lack of vascularization required to meet the nutrient and oxygen demands of clinically relevant tissue volumes. Thus, various criteria for the fabrication of functional tissues with hierarchical, patent vasculature must be considered when implementing 3D-bioprinting technologies for deep, chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Stephens
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jason A Spector
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Division of Plastic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan T Butcher
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
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178
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Batty BS, Bionaz M. Graduate Student Literature Review: The milk behind the mustache: A review of milk and bone biology. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7608-7617. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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179
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Menon VK. Mechanically Relevant Anatomy of the Axis Vertebra and Its Relation to Hangman's Fracture: An Illustrated Essay. Neurospine 2019; 16:223-230. [PMID: 31261461 PMCID: PMC6603824 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1938140.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To describe the biomechanically relevant anatomy of the Axis vertebra and the load transfer patterns within the bone, and on that basis, to postulate its mechanism of injury, a literature review was conducted of the anatomy and biomechanics of Axis fractures. Two hypotheses have been presented: the internal gear hypothesis and the leaf spring hypothesis. Both are based on the trabecular anatomy of the vertebra and its load transmission patterns. The relationship of the Axis with Hangman’s injury is also discussed. According to the leaf spring hypothesis, the C2 pedicle corresponds to the shackle in the assembly and constitutes the weak link. The trabecular architecture of the Axis is such that the primary compression of the trabeculae is directed from the superior facet to the C2–3 endplate, with few trabeculae directed to the inferior facet. Along with the trabecular void in this area, this renders the isthmus vulnerable to trauma. The isthmus of the Axis is biomechanically susceptible to injury due to its unique anatomy in relation to the whole cervical spine and the internal load transmission patterns of the bone. The author suggests that in the flexion type of Hangman’s injury, the C1–2 posterior ligaments are disrupted and need to be addressed.
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180
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Bordoni B. Improving the New Definition of Fascial System. Complement Med Res 2019; 26:421-426. [PMID: 31257358 DOI: 10.1159/000500852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bone tissue is defined as connective tissue with an embryological derivation that reflects the origin of the fascial system. The surface of the bone tissue makes the bone system the largest organ in the human body, whose most representative cells are the osteocytes. It is essential for the general health of the individual, influencing different organs and systems, through the hormonal paracrine production of the osteocytes. In the modern scientific panorama, bone tissue has been included in the definition of fascial continuum only in one of our articles. The intent of this article is to enrich the motivations that led to the introduction of the bone in the fascia description, illustrating its local and systemic properties. The final theme of the current text will be to give a definition of the fascial system more congruent with modern scientific notions. METHODS The article collects the embryological and anatomical information on bone and exposes the most recent information in a narrative review. RESULTS The results of the literature show that bone is specialized connective tissue. CONCLUSION Bone tissue must be included in the definitions of what is considered fascial tissue, so as to have a better view of the fascial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Nascente Institute IRCCS - Hospitalization and Care with Scientific Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy,
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181
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Midha S, Dalela M, Sybil D, Patra P, Mohanty S. Advances in three-dimensional bioprinting of bone: Progress and challenges. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:925-945. [PMID: 30812062 DOI: 10.1002/term.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to engineer a viable three-dimensional (3D) bone tissue equivalent using conventional tissue engineering strategies, but with limited clinical success. Using 3D bioprinting technology, scientists have developed functional prototypes of clinically relevant and mechanically robust bone with a functional bone marrow. Although the field is in its infancy, it has shown immense potential in the field of bone tissue engineering by re-establishing the 3D dynamic micro-environment of the native bone. Inspite of their in vitro success, maintaining the viability and differentiation potential of such cell-laden constructs overtime, and their subsequent preclinical testing in terms of stability, mechanical loading, immune responses, and osseointegrative potential still needs to be explored. Progress is slow due to several challenges such as but not limited to the choice of ink used for cell encapsulation, optimal cell source, bioprinting method suitable for replicating the heterogeneous tissues and organs, and so on. Here, we summarize the recent advancements in bioprinting of bone, their limitations, challenges, and strategies for future improvisations. The generated knowledge will provide deep insights on our current understanding of the cellular interactions with the hydrogel matrices and help to unravel new methodologies for facilitating precisely regulated stem cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Midha
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Dalela
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Deborah Sybil
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabir Patra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility (DBT-Centre of Excellence for Stem Cell Research), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
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182
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Clifton W, Nottmeier E, Damon A, Dove C, Chen SG, Pichelmann M. A Feasibility Study for the Production of Three-dimensional-printed Spine Models Using Simultaneously Extruded Thermoplastic Polymers. Cureus 2019; 11:e4440. [PMID: 31205831 PMCID: PMC6561520 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical simulation is an emerging field for resident training. Three-dimensional printing has accelerated the development of models for spine surgical simulation. Previous models have utilized augmented infill ratios to simulate the density difference between cortical and cancellous bone; however, this does not fully account for differences in the material properties of these components of human vertebrae. In order to replicate the differences in both density and material characteristics for realistic spinal simulation, we created a three-dimensional model composed of multiple thermoplastic polymers. Materials and methods Three lumbar vertebrae and 20 C2 vertebrae models using an experimental dual material fabrication method were printed on an Ultimaker S5 3D printer. Assessment of model integrity during instrumentation as well as user tactile feedback were points of interest to determine prototype viability for educational and biomechanical use. The experimental cohort was compared with a control cohort consisting of a single material print, resin print, and polyurethane mold. Results Based on tactile feedback, the experimental dual material print (polylactic acid [PLA]/polyvinyl alcohol [PVA]) more accurately represented the sensation of in vivo instrumentation during pedicle probing, pedicle tapping, and screw placement. There were no instrumentation or material failures in the PLA/PVA experimental model cohort. Conclusions This feasibility study indicates that multiple material printing using PLA and PVA is a viable method to replicate the cortico-cancellous interface in vertebral models. This concept and design using our unique infill algorithm have not been yet reported in the medical literature. Further educational and biomechanical testing on our design is currently underway to establish this printing method as a new standard for spinal biomimetic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Damon
- Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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Marques-Almeida T, Cardoso VF, Ribeiro S, Gama FM, Ribeiro C, Lanceros-Mendez S. Tuning Myoblast and Preosteoblast Cell Adhesion Site, Orientation, and Elongation through Electroactive Micropatterned Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1591-1602. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa F. Cardoso
- CMEMS-UMinho, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque
Foundation
for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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184
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Peloso JG, Cohen ND, Vogler JB, Marquis PA, Hilt L. Association of catastrophic condylar fracture with bony changes of the third metacarpal bone identified by use of standing magnetic resonance imaging in forelimbs from cadavers of Thoroughbred racehorses in the United States. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:178-188. [PMID: 30681352 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare bony changes of the third metacarpal bone (MC3) of Thoroughbred racehorse cadavers with (cases) or without (controls) catastrophic condylar fracture by use of standing MRI. SAMPLE 140 forelimbs from 26 case horses (both forelimbs) and 88 control horses (single forelimb). PROCEDURES Bone marrow lesions (BMLs), identified as a decrease in T1-weighted (T1W) signal and increases in T2*-weighted (T2*W) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) signals, and dense bone volume percentage (DBVP), identified as decreases in T1W, T2*W, and STIR signals, in the distopalmar aspect of MC3 were recorded. Logistic regression was used to compare fractured and nonfractured limbs of cases and fractured limbs of cases with randomly selected limbs of controls. RESULTS Among cases, fractured limbs were significantly more likely to have BMLs (26/26 [100%]) than were nonfractured limbs (7/26 [27%]). Fractured limbs of cases were significantly more likely to have BMLs (26/26 [100%]) than were limbs of controls (6/88 [7%]). Among cases, there was no significant difference in DBVP between fractured and nonfractured limbs in lateral (26% vs 21%, respectively) or medial (25% vs 20%, respectively) condyles. However, DBVP was significantly greater in fractured limbs of cases than in limbs of controls for lateral (26% vs 16%, respectively) and medial (25% vs 18%, respectively) condyles. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Standing MRI revealed a significantly greater degree of bone change in racehorses with condylar fracture when comparing fractured and nonfractured limbs of case horses and fractured limbs of case horses with randomly selected limbs of control horses.
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185
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Knowles NK, Langohr GDG, Faieghi M, Nelson AJ, Ferreira LM. A comparison of density-modulus relationships used in finite element modeling of the shoulder. Med Eng Phys 2019; 66:40-46. [PMID: 30833224 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Subject- and site-specific modeling techniques greatly improve the accuracy of computational models derived from clinical-resolution quantitative computed tomography (QCT) data. The majority of shoulder finite element (FE) studies use density-modulus relationships developed for alternative anatomical locations. As such, the objectives of this study were to compare the six most commonly used density-modulus relationships in shoulder finite element (FE) studies. To achieve this, ninety-eight (98) virtual trabecular bone cores were extracted from uCT scans of scapulae from 14 cadaveric specimens (7 male; 7 female). Homogeneous tissue moduli of 20 GPa, and heterogeneous tissue moduli scaled by CT-intensity were considered. Micro finite element models (µ-FEMs) of each virtual core were compressively loaded to 0.5% apparent strain and apparent strain energy density (SEDapp) was collected. Each uCT virtual core was then co-registered to clinical QCT images, QCT-FEMs created, and each of the 6 density-modulus relationships applied (6 × 98 = 588 QCT-FEMs). The loading and boundary conditions were replicated and SEDapp was collected and compared to µ-FEM SEDapp. When a homogeneous tissue modulus was considered in the µ-FEMs, SEDapp was best predicted in QCT-FEMs with the density-modulus relationship developed from pooled anatomical locations (QCT-FEM SEDapp = 0.979µ-FEM SEDapp + 0.0066, r2 = 0.933). A different density-modulus relationship best predicted SEDapp (QCT-FEM SEDapp = 1.014µ-FEM SEDapp + 0.0034, r2 = 0.935) when a heterogeneous tissue modulus was considered. This study compared density-modulus relationships used in shoulder FE studies using an independent computational methodology for comparing these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas K Knowles
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Bioengineering Laboratory, Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada; Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - G Daniel G Langohr
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Bioengineering Laboratory, Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada; Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Faieghi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J Nelson
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Louis M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, Bioengineering Laboratory, Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada; Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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186
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Chevalier T. Trauma in the upper limb of an Upper Paleolithic female from Caviglione cave (Liguria, Italy): Etiology and after-effects in bone biomechanical properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:94-107. [PMID: 30340107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of injury on the health and activities of human foragers is of great interest for understanding the adaptability of past populations to their environments. For the Gravettian female of Caviglione 1, a violent blow has been suggested as the origin of the left radial fracture, and abnormal body asymmetry has been observed. Access to high resolution CT-scans of the upper limb allows us to address new etiologic considerations and assess the after-effects of trauma on bone biomechanical properties by focusing on cortical and trabecular bones and conducting a comparative analysis of cross-sectional geometric properties in an Upper Paleolithic context. This originally right-dominant female, who became left-handed, was mainly affected by severe bone modifications on the proximal right humerus due to secondary changes following a traumatic event. The left radial fracture is very well consolidated with thick and homogeneous cortical bone. Etiological considerations point to a Galeazzi fracture for the left forearm occurring during a fall. The bone structure and robusticity of the left arm probably prove the lack of strong and enduring dependency of this female on her group for the usual cultural tasks despite the strongly limited function of the right arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chevalier
- UMR7194/HNHP, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques de Tautavel, France.
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187
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Udomsawat C, Rungsiyakull P, Rungsiyakull C, Khongkhunthian P. Comparative study of stress characteristics in surrounding bone during insertion of dental implants of three different thread designs: A three-dimensional dynamic finite element study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:26-37. [PMID: 30847230 PMCID: PMC6392841 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the stress distribution characteristics around three different dental implant designs during insertion into bone, using dynamic finite element stress analysis. Dental implant placement was simulated using finite element models. Three implants with different thread and body designs (Model 1: root form implant with three different thread shapes; Model 2: tapered implant with a double-lead thread; and Model 3: conical tapered implant with a constant buttress thread) were assigned to insert into prepared bone cavity models until completely placed. Stress and strain distributions were descriptively analyzed. The von Mises stresses within the surrounding bone were measured. At the first 4-mm depth of implant insertion, maximum stress within cortical bone for Model 3 (175 MPa) was less than the other models (180 MPa each). Stress values and concentration area were increasing whereas insertion depth increased. At full implant insertion depth, maximum stress level in Model 1 (35 MPa) within the cancellous bone was slightly greater than in Models 2 (30 MPa) and 3 (25 MPa), respectively. Generally, for all simulations, the highest stress value and the location of the stress concentration area were mostly in cortical bone. However, the stress distribution patterns during the insertion process were different between the models depending on the different designs geometry that contacted the surrounding bone. Different implant designs affect different stress generation patterns during implant insertion. A range of stress magnitude, generated in the surrounding bone, may influence bone healing around dental implants and final implant stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Udomsawat
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of DentistryChiang Mai UniversityThailand
| | | | - Chaiy Rungsiyakull
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of EngineerChiang Mai UniversityThailand
| | - Pathawee Khongkhunthian
- Center of Excellence for Dental Implantology, Faculty of DentistryChiang Mai UniversityThailand
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188
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He J, Ye H, Li Y, Fang J, Mei Q, Lu X, Ren F. Cancellous-Bone-like Porous Iron Scaffold Coated with Strontium Incorporated Octacalcium Phosphate Nanowhiskers for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:509-518. [PMID: 33405815 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The repair of large bone defects poses a grand challenge in tissue engineering. Thus, developing biocompatible scaffolds with mechanical and structural similarity to human cancellous bone is in great demand. Herein, we fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) porous iron (Fe) scaffold with interconnected pores via a template-assisted electrodeposition method. The porous Fe scaffold with a skeleton diameter of 143 μm had the porosity >90%, an average pore size of 345 μm, and a yield strength of 3.5 MPa. Such structure and mechanical strength were close to those of cancellous bone. In order to enhance the biocompatibility of the scaffold, strontium incorporated octacalcium phosphate (Sr-OCP) was coated on the skeletons of the porous Fe scaffold. The coated Sr-OCP was in the form of nanowhiskers with a mean diameter of 300 nm and length of 30 μm. Such Sr-OCP coating could effectively reduce the release rate of the Fe ions to a level which was safe for the human body. Both in vitro cytotoxicity tests by extraction method and direct contact assay confirmed that the Sr-OCP coating could promote the cell adhesion and substantially enhance the biocompatibility of the porous Fe scaffolds. Thus, the cancellous-bone-like porous structure with compatible mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility enables the present Sr-OCP coated porous Fe scaffold to be a promising candidate for bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Haixia Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yulei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ju Fang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qingsong Mei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiong Lu
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, China
| | - Fuzeng Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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189
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Falcinelli C, Di Martino A, Gizzi A, Vairo G, Denaro V. Mechanical behavior of metastatic femurs through patient-specific computational models accounting for bone-metastasis interaction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 93:9-22. [PMID: 30738327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes a computational model based on a finite-element formulation for describing the mechanical behavior of femurs affected by metastatic lesions. A novel geometric/constitutive description is introduced by modelling healthy bone and metastases via a linearly poroelastic constitutive approach. A Gaussian-shaped graded transition of material properties between healthy and metastatic tissues is prescribed, in order to account for the bone-metastasis interaction. Loading-induced failure processes are simulated by implementing a progressive damage procedure, formulated via a quasi-static displacement-driven incremental approach, and considering both a stress- and a strain-based failure criterion. By addressing a real clinical case, left and right patient-specific femur models are geometrically reconstructed via an ad-hoc imaging procedure and embedding multiple distributions of metastatic lesions along femurs. Significant differences in fracture loads, fracture mechanisms, and damage patterns, are highlighted by comparing the proposed constitutive description with a purely elastic formulation, where the metastasis is treated as a pseudo-healthy tissue or as a void region. Proposed constitutive description allows to capture stress/strain localization mechanisms within the metastatic tissue, revealing the model capability in describing possible strain-induced mechano-biological stimuli driving onset and evolution of the lesion. The proposed approach opens towards the definition of effective computational strategies for supporting clinical decision and treatments regarding metastatic femurs, contributing also to overcome some limitations of actual standards and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Falcinelli
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy; Department of Civil Engineering & Computer Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy; Sideny Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University (SKMC), Philadelphia, USA
| | - Alessio Gizzi
- Department of Engineering, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vairo
- Department of Civil Engineering & Computer Science, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Italy
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190
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Abstract
Bone tissue is not considered an integral part of the fascial system as per the current definition of fascia. Bodily fasciae derive from the mesoderm, while the fasciae associated with the cranial-cervical area derive from the ectoderm. Bone tissue or specialized connective tissue follows the same development process, but with a greater admixture between the two embryological sheets. Bone tissue is the largest organ capable of producing autocrine and paracrine substances, influencing its own metabolism and that of other organs. This article reviews the functions of bone, the anatomy that determines its shape, and its relationships within an organism. The objective of the article is to provide a scientific rationale for incorporating bone tissue within the definition of fascia, using the most up-to-date scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bordoni
- Cardiology, Foundation Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, ITA
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191
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Song H, Zhang S, Zhang L, Li B. Ingestion of collagen peptides prevents bone loss and improves bone microarchitecture in chronologically aged mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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192
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Goodyear SR, Aspden RM. Mechanical Properties of Bone Ex Vivo. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1914:241-257. [PMID: 30729468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8997-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The primary functions of bone are to provide support and protection-mechanical functions. The aim of this chapter is to set out some of the methods that can be used to measure these properties in cortical and cancelleous bone from large (e.g., human or bovine) and small (e.g., mouse) animals. The difference between the properties of the sample (extrinsic properties) and the properties of the material (intrinsic properties) is introduced and techniques for measuring them suggested. The addition of other tests to give a complete characterization of a bone sample is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Goodyear
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Richard M Aspden
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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193
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Qiao J, Zhou M, Li Z, Ren J, Gao G, Cao G, Shen H, Lu S. Comparison of remote ischemic preconditioning and intermittent hypoxia training in fracture healing. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1867-1874. [PMID: 30592272 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture healing in elderly patients is an emerging public health concern. As non‑drug treatments, intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) and remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) are considered to have substantial advantages and to aid fracture healing in elderly patients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of IHT and RIPC on fracture healing. Micro‑computed tomography (micro‑CT) and biomechanical testing were used to assess the morphology and structural properties of bone callus dissected from aged rats with tibial fractures. In addition, hypoxia‑inducible factor‑1α (HIF‑1α) and its target gene, associated with the healing process, were investigated by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The micro‑CT‑based parameters, including bone mineral density and trabecular number, were measured, and significant differences were identified between the experimental and control groups. The IHT group exhibited superior bone formation and mineralization rates compared with the RIPC group. The biomechanical testing revealed that the ultimate loading and stiffness values were significantly higher in the IHT group compared with those in the RIPC group. In accordance with previous studies, RIPC exerted a similar effect in increasing the expression of HIF‑1α, and its downstream genes, throughout the course of healing. In addition, the IHT group exhibited increased expression levels of HIF‑1α compared with the RIPC group. Taken together, the results suggested that IHT and RIPC significantly enhanced fracture healing; however, IHT exhibited superior bone formation and healing effects compared with RIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing 100035, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Guanghan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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194
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Knowles NK, Ip K, Ferreira LM. The Effect of Material Heterogeneity, Element Type, and Down-Sampling on Trabecular Stiffness in Micro Finite Element Models. Ann Biomed Eng 2018; 47:615-623. [PMID: 30362084 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical bone strength predictions can be elucidated by understanding bone mechanics at a variety of hierarchical levels. As such, down-sampled micro-CT images are often used to make comparisons across image resolutions or used to reduce computational resources in micro finite element models (µFEMs). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare trabecular apparent modulus among (i) hexahedral and tetrahedral µFEMs, (ii) µFEMs generated from 32, 64, and 64 µm down-sampled from 32 µm µCT scans, and (iii) µFEMs with homogeneous and heterogeneous tissue moduli. Trabecular µFEMs were generated from scans at the three spatial resolutions taken from the glenoid vault of 14 cadaveric specimens. Simulated unconstrained compression was performed and used to calculate and compare the apparent modulus of each µFEM. It was found that models derived from high-resolution images that account for material heterogeneity are nearly equivalent whether hexahedral or tetrahedral elements are used. However, translation of stiffness from down-sampled scans are not equivalent to scans performed at the down-sampled resolution, or that account for trabecular material heterogeneity. Material heterogeneity is most representative of in vivo trabecular bone and to accurately model trabecular mechanical properties, material heterogeneity should be considered in future µFEM development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas K Knowles
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada.,Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Ip
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada
| | - Louis M Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Surgical Mechatronics Laboratory, Roth
- McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Josephs Health Care, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON, Canada. .,Collaborative Training Program in MSK Health Research, and Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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195
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196
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Józsa G, Szegeczki V, Pálfi A, Kiss T, Helyes Z, Fülöp B, Cserháti C, Daróczi L, Tamás A, Zákány R, Reglődi D, Juhász T. Signalling Alterations in Bones of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Gene Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092538. [PMID: 30150589 PMCID: PMC6163297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with diverse developmental roles, including differentiation of skeletal elements. It is a positive regulatory factor of chondrogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vitro, but little is known about its in vivo role in bone formation. In our experiments, diaphyses of long bones from hind limbs of PACAP gene-deficient mice showed changes in thickness and increased staining intensity. Our main goal was to perform a detailed morphological and molecular biological analysis of femurs from PACAP knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Transverse diameter and anterior cortical bone thickness of KO femurs showed significant alterations with disturbed Ca2+ accumulation and collagen type I expression. Higher expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase were also observed, accompanied by increased fragility PACAP KO femurs. Increased expression of the elements of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and hedgehog signalling was also observed, and are possibly responsible for the compensation mechanism accounting for the slight morphological changes. In summary, our results show that lack of PACAP influences molecular and biomechanical properties of bone matrix, activating various signalling cascade changes in a compensatory fashion. The increased fragility of PACAP KO femur further supports the role of endogenous PACAP in in vivo bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Józsa
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Vince Szegeczki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdeikrt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Pálfi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdeikrt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Fülöp
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Cserháti
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Daróczi
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdeikrt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdeikrt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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197
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Bailey S, Vashishth D. Mechanical Characterization of Bone: State of the Art in Experimental Approaches-What Types of Experiments Do People Do and How Does One Interpret the Results? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2018; 16:423-433. [PMID: 29915968 PMCID: PMC8078087 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanical integrity of bone is determined by the direct measurement of bone mechanical properties. This article presents an overview of the current, most common, and new and upcoming experimental approaches for the mechanical characterization of bone. The key outcome variables of mechanical testing, as well as interpretations of the results in the context of bone structure and biology are also discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Quasi-static tests are the most commonly used for determining the resistance to structural failure by a single load at the organ (whole bone) level. The resistance to crack initiation or growth by fracture toughness testing and fatigue loading offers additional and more direct characterization of tissue material properties. Non-traditional indentation techniques and in situ testing are being increasingly used to probe the material properties of bone ultrastructure. Destructive ex vivo testing or clinical surrogate measures are considered to be the gold standard for estimating fracture risk. The type of mechanical test used for a particular investigation depends on the length scale of interest, where the outcome variables are influenced by the interrelationship between bone structure and composition. Advancement in the sensitivity of mechanical characterization techniques to detect changes in bone at the levels subjected to modifications by aging, disease, and/or pharmaceutical treatment is required. As such, a number of techniques are now available to aid our understanding of the factors that contribute to fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacyann Bailey
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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198
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Smith LR, Cho S, Discher DE. Stem Cell Differentiation is Regulated by Extracellular Matrix Mechanics. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:16-25. [PMID: 29212889 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells mechanosense the stiffness of their microenvironment, which impacts differentiation. Although tissue hydration anti-correlates with stiffness, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is clearly transduced into gene expression via adhesion and cytoskeleton proteins that tune fates. Cytoskeletal reorganization of ECM can create heterogeneity and influence fates, with fibrosis being one extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Smith
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sangkyun Cho
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, Physical Sciences Oncology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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199
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Shahrezaee M, Salehi M, Keshtkari S, Oryan A, Kamali A, Shekarchi B. In vitro and in vivo investigation of PLA/PCL scaffold coated with metformin-loaded gelatin nanocarriers in regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:2061-2073. [PMID: 29964218 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Large bone defects constitute a major challenge in bone tissue engineering and usually fail to heal due to the incomplete differentiation of recruited mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteogenic precursor cells. As previously proposed, metformin (MET) induces differentiation of MSCs into osteoblastic lineages in vitro. We fabricated a Poly (lactic acid) and Polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) scaffold to deliver metformin loaded gelatin nanocarriers (MET/GNs) to critical-sized calvarial bone defects in a rat model. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, porosity, contact angle, degradation rate, blood compatibility, biomechanical, cell viability and their osteogenic differentiation. In animal study, the defects were filled with autograft, scaffolds and a group was left empty. qRT-PCR analyses showed the expression level of osteogenic and angiogenic markers considerably increased in MET/GNs-PLA/PCL. The in vivo results showed that MET/GNs-PLA/PCL improved bone ingrowth, angiogenesis and defect reconstruction. Our results represent the applicability of MET/GNs-PLA/PCL for successful bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Shahrezaee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Tissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Sara Keshtkari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Kamali
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shekarchi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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200
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Ostadi Moghaddam A, Mahjoob M, Nazarian A. Bone Remodeling under Vibration: A Computational Model of Bone Remodeling Incorporating the Modal Behavior of Bone. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2686529. [PMID: 30029231 DOI: 10.1115/1.4040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Developing precise computational models of bone remodeling can lead to more successful types of orthopedic treatments and deeper understanding of the phenomenon. Empirical evidence has shown that bone adaptation to mechanical loading is frequency dependent and the modal behavior of bone under vibration can play a significant role in remodeling process, particularly in the resonance region. The objective of this study is to develop a bone remodeling algorithm that takes into account the effects of bone vibrational behavior. An extended/modified model is presented based on conventional FE remodeling models. Frequency domain analysis is used to introduce appropriate correction coefficients to incorporate the effect of bone's frequency response into the model. The method is implemented on a bovine bone with known modal/vibration characteristics. The rate and locations of new bone formation depend on the loading frequency and are consistently correlated with the bone modal behavior. The proposed method can successfully integrate the bone vibration conditions and characteristics with the remodeling process. The results obtained support experimental observations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ostadi Moghaddam
- School of Mechanical Eng., College of Engineering Kargar St. North, Jalal Ale Ahmad Intersection Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563 Islamic Republic Of Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahjoob
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Center for Advance Orthopedic Studies, BID Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advance Orthopedic Studies, BID Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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