151
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Wang JK, Yao SK. Roles of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Pathogenesis of Functional Constipation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5560310. [PMID: 34603471 PMCID: PMC8481049 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5560310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Functional constipation (FC), a condition characterized by heterogeneous symptoms (infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, excessive straining, or a sense of incomplete evacuation), is prevalent over the world. It is a multifactorial disorder and can be categorized into four subgroups according to different pathological mechanisms: normal transit constipation (NTC), slow transit constipation (STC), defecatory disorders (DD), and mixed type. Recently, growing evidence from human and animals has pointed that there was a strong association between gut microbiota and FC based on the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Studies have reported that the main characteristics of gut microbiota in FC patients were the relative decrease of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, the relative increase of potential pathogens, and the reduced species richness. Gut microbiota can modulate gut functions through the metabolites of bacterial fermentation, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile salts (BAs), and methane occupied more important positions and could trigger the release of gut hormones from enteroendocrine cells (EECs), such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Subsequently, these gut hormones can influence gut sensation, secretion, and motility, primarily through activating specific receptors distributed on smooth muscle cells, enteric neurons, and epithelial cells. However, research findings were inconsistent and even conflicting, which may be partially due to various confounding factors. Future studies should take the associated confounders into consideration and adopt multiomics research strategies to obtain more complete conclusions and to provide reliable theoretical support for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ke Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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152
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Jia X, Xu W, Zhang L, Li X, Wang R, Wu S. Impact of Gut Microbiota and Microbiota-Related Metabolites on Hyperlipidemia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:634780. [PMID: 34490132 PMCID: PMC8417472 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.634780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, defined as the presence of excess fat or lipids in the blood, has been considered as a high-risk factor and key indicator of many metabolic diseases. The gut microbiota has been reported playing a vital role in regulating host lipid metabolism. The pathogenic role of gut microbiota in the development of hyperlipidemia has been revealed through fecal microbiota transplantation experiment to germ-free mice. The effector mechanism of microbiota-related metabolites such as bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, and short-chain fatty acids in the regulation of hyperlipidemia has been partially unveiled. Moreover, studies on gut-microbiota-targeted hyperlipidemia interventions, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and natural herbal medicines, also have shown their efficacy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this review, we summarize the relationship between gut microbiota and hyperlipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota and microbiota-related metabolites on the development and progression of hyperlipidemia, and the potential therapeutic management of hyperlipidemia targeted at gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Centre of Biomedical Research & Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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153
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Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5110276. [PMID: 34447287 PMCID: PMC8384524 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5110276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.
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154
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Bakir-Gungor B, Bulut O, Jabeer A, Nalbantoglu OU, Yousef M. Discovering Potential Taxonomic Biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes From Human Gut Microbiota via Different Feature Selection Methods. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:628426. [PMID: 34512559 PMCID: PMC8424122 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.628426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota is a complex community of organisms including trillions of bacteria. While these microorganisms are considered as essential regulators of our immune system, some of them can cause several diseases. In recent years, next-generation sequencing technologies accelerated the discovery of human gut microbiota. In this respect, the use of machine learning techniques became popular to analyze disease-associated metagenomics datasets. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease and affects millions of people around the world. Since the early diagnosis in T2D is important for effective treatment, there is an utmost need to develop a classification technique that can accelerate T2D diagnosis. In this study, using T2D-associated metagenomics data, we aim to develop a classification model to facilitate T2D diagnosis and to discover T2D-associated biomarkers. The sequencing data of T2D patients and healthy individuals were taken from a metagenome-wide association study and categorized into disease states. The sequencing reads were assigned to taxa, and the identified species are used to train and test our model. To deal with the high dimensionality of features, we applied robust feature selection algorithms such as Conditional Mutual Information Maximization, Maximum Relevance and Minimum Redundancy, Correlation Based Feature Selection, and select K best approach. To test the performance of the classification based on the features that are selected by different methods, we used random forest classifier with 100-fold Monte Carlo cross-validation. In our experiments, we observed that 15 commonly selected features have a considerable effect in terms of minimizing the microbiota used for the diagnosis of T2D and thus reducing the time and cost. When we perform biological validation of these identified species, we found that some of them are known as related to T2D development mechanisms and we identified additional species as potential biomarkers. Additionally, we attempted to find the subgroups of T2D patients using k-means clustering. In summary, this study utilizes several supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to increase the diagnostic accuracy of T2D, investigates potential biomarkers of T2D, and finds out which subset of microbiota is more informative than other taxa by applying state-of-the art feature selection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Bakir-Gungor
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Osman Bulut
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Amhar Jabeer
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - O. Ufuk Nalbantoglu
- Department of Computer Engineering, Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Malik Yousef
- Department of Information Systems, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
- Galilee Digital Health Research Center, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
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155
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Degraded Sericin Significantly Regulates Blood Glucose Levels and Improves Impaired Liver Function in T2D Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081255. [PMID: 34439921 PMCID: PMC8392143 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin could be degraded well into low-molecular-weight sericin (SS) through a novel and environmentally friendly recycling process using an ultrasonically degumming method in Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution. The oral administration of the SS has an evidently hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced T2D rats. At oral doses of 2.5 and 5% SS for four weeks, the fasting blood glucose decreased by over 60% compared with that in the untreated model group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were ameliorated by the peptide treatment. The serum insulin level was reduced by approximately 35%, the insulin resistance index was reduced by more than 66%. The 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine level showed a large reduction of 20%, and the total antioxidant activities significantly increased. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorescent immunostaining sections showed that liver and pancreas damage was partly recovered in T2D rats. In summary, oral SS demonstrated evidently hypoglycemic effects mainly related to reducing oxidative stress in the damaged liver and pancreas of T2D rats. Therefore, these results have suggested that the degraded sericin has a potential use in SS-based healthy functional food or hypoglycemic drugs as a waste recovered from sericulture resources.
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156
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of developing osteopathogenesis and skeletal fragility. The role of the gut microbiota in both DM and osteopathy is not fully explored and may be involved in the pathology of both diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Gut microbiota alterations have been observed in DM and osteopathogenic disorders as compared with healthy controls, such as significantly lower abundance of Prevotella and higher abundance of Lactobacillus, with a diminished bacterial diversity. Other overlapping gastro-intestinal features include the loss of intestinal barrier function with translocation of bacterial metabolites to the blood stream, induction of immunological deficits and changes in hormonal and endocrinal signalling, which may lead to the development of diabetic osteopathy. Signalling pathways involved in both DM and osteopathy are affected by gut bacteria and their metabolites. Future studies should focus on gut microbiota involvement in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kristine Knudsen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800, Hjørring, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Leutscher
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800, Hjørring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Mølleparkvej 4, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Suzette Sørensen
- Centre for Clinical Research, North Denmark Regional Hospital, Bispensgade 37, 9800, Hjørring, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Søndre Skovvej 15, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Mølleparkvej 4, Aalborg, Denmark
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157
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Dahabiyeh LA, Mujammami M, Arafat T, Benabdelkamel H, Alfadda AA, Abdel Rahman AM. A Metabolic Pattern in Healthy Subjects Given a Single Dose of Metformin: A Metabolomics Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:705932. [PMID: 34335266 PMCID: PMC8319764 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.705932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely prescribed medication for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It possesses effective roles in various disorders, including cancer, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of metformin's multiple benefits are not fully understood. Herein, a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics approach was used to investigate the metabolic changes associated with the administration of a single dose of metformin in the plasma of 26 healthy subjects at five-time points; pre-dose, before the maximum concentration of metformin (Cmax), Cmax, after Cmax, and 36 h post-dose. A total of 111 metabolites involved in various biochemical processes were perturbed, with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) being the most significantly altered pathway. Additionally, the Pearson similarity test revealed that 63 metabolites showed a change in their levels dependent on metformin level. Out of these 63, the level of 36 metabolites was significantly altered by metformin. Significantly altered metformin-dependent metabolites, including hydroxymethyl uracil, propionic acid, glycerophospholipids, and eicosanoids, pointed to fundamental biochemical processes such as lipid network signaling, energy homeostasis, DNA lesion repair mechanisms, and gut microbiota functions that could be linked to the multiple beneficial roles of metformin. Thus, the distinctive metabolic pattern linked to metformin administration can be used as a metabolic signature to predict the potential effect and mechanism of actions of new chemical entities during drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina A Dahabiyeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muhammad Mujammami
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfiq Arafat
- Jordan Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A Alfadda
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Proteomics Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Metabolomics Section, Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Genome Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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158
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Zheng Y, Ding Q, Wei Y, Gou X, Tian J, Li M, Tong X. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gut microbiota in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:153455. [PMID: 33478831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with the development of science and technology, the pathogenesis and treatment response of T2DM remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of the microbiomein the development of T2DM, and studies have found that the gut microbiota may explain the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a primary branch of alternative and complementary medicine, in the treatment of T2DM. The aim of this study was to systematically review all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TCM for gut microbiota to assess the effectiveness and safety of TCM in T2DM patients. METHODS All RCTs investigating the effects of TCM interventions on modulating gut microbiota and improving glucose metabolism in the treatment of T2DM adults were included. Meta-analyses were conducted when sufficient data were available, other results were reported narratively. The study protocol was pre-specified, documented, and published in PROSPERO (registration no. CRD42020188043). RESULTS Five studies met the eligibility criteria ofthe systematic review. All five studies reported the effects of TCM interventions on the gut microbiota modulation and blood glucose control. There were statistically significant improvements in HbA1c (mean difference [MD]: -0.69%; [95% CI -0.24, -0.14]; p = 0.01, I2 = 86%), fasting blood glucose (MD: -0.87 mmol/l; [95% CI -1.26, -0.49]; p < 0.00001, I2 = 75%) and 2-h postprandial blood glucose(MD: -0.83mmol/l; [95% CI: -1.01, -0.65]; p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). In addition, there were also statistically significant improvements in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.99, [95% CI -1.25 to -0.73]; p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) (SMD: 0.54, [95% CI 0.21 to 0.87]; p = 0.001, I2 = 0%).There was a significant change in the relative abundance of bacteria in the genera Bacteroides (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.87%; [95% CI 0.58, 1.16], however, the change in Enterococcus abundance was not statistically significant (SMD: -1.71%; [95% CI: -3.64, 0.23]; p = 0.08) when comparing TCM supplementaltreatment with comparator groups. Other changes in the gut microbiota, including changes in the relative abundances of some probiotics and opportunistic pathogens at various taxon levels, and changes in diversity matrices (α and β), were significant by narrative analysis. However, insufficient evidences were found to support that TCM intervention had an effect on inflammation. CONCLUSION TCM had the effect of modulating gut microbiota and improving glucose metabolisms in T2DM patients. Although the results of the included studies are encouraging, further well-conducted studies on TCM interventions targeting the gut microbiota are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guanganmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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159
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Le Bastard Q, Berthelot L, Soulillou JP, Montassier E. Impact of non-antibiotic drugs on the human intestinal microbiome. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:911-924. [PMID: 34225544 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1952075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiota is composed of trillions of microbial cells and viruses that interact with hosts. The composition of the gut microbiota is influenced by several factors including age, diet, diseases, or medications. The impact of drugs on the microbiota is not limited to antibiotics and many non-antibiotic molecules significantly alter the composition of the intestinal microbiota. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the impact of four of the most widely prescribed non-antibiotic drugs in the world: Proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, statins, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. We conducted a systematic review by searching online databases including Medline, Web of science, and Scopus for indexed articles published in English until February 2021. We included studies assessing the intestinal microbiome alterations associated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), metformin, statins, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Only studies using culture-independent molecular techniques were included. EXPERT OPINION The taxonomical signature associated with non-antibiotic drugs are not yet fully described, especially in the field of metabolomic. The identification of taxonomic profiles associated a specific molecule provides information on its mechanism of action through interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Many side effects could be related to the dysbiosis induced by these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Le Bastard
- Microbiota Hosts Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistances (Mihar), Université De Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service Des Urgences, CHU De Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre De Recherche En Transplantation Et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université De Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut De Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU De Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Centre De Recherche En Transplantation Et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université De Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut De Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU De Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- Microbiota Hosts Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistances (Mihar), Université De Nantes, Nantes, France.,Service Des Urgences, CHU De Nantes, Nantes, France
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160
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Wu C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Su W, Yang Y, Sun L, Zhang F, Yu J, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhu B, Wu S. Gut microbiota specifically mediates the anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of berberine (BBR) and facilitates to predict BBR’s cholesterol-decreasing efficacy in patients. J Adv Res 2021; 37:197-208. [PMID: 35499044 PMCID: PMC9039652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is necessary for the lipid-lowering effect of BBR. The BBR-conditioned gut microbes effectively ameliorate hyperlipidemia. Blautia is indispensable for the hypercholesterolemia-alleviating effect of BBR. The cholesterol-lowering effect of BBR was closely related to the gut microbiota in human beings. The baseline abundance of Alistipes and Blautia is effective to predict the cholesterol-lowering efficiency of BBR.
Introduction Gut microbiota has been implicated in the pharmacological activities of many natural products. As an effective hypolipidemic agent, berberine (BBR)’s clinical application is greatly impeded by the obvious inter-individual response variation. To date, little evidence exists on the causality between gut microbes and its therapeutic effects, and the linkage of bacteria alterations to the inter-individual response variation. Objectives This study aims to confirm the causal role of the gut microbiota in BBR’s anti-hyperlipidemic effect and identify key bacteria that can predict its effectiveness. Methods The correlation between gut microbiota and BBR’s inter-individual response variation was studied in hyperlipidemic patients. The causal role of gut microbes in BBR’s anti-hyperlipidemic effects was subsequently assessed by altered administration routes, co-treatment with antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and metagenomic analysis. Results Three-month clinical study showed that BBR was effectively to decrease serum lipids but displayed an obvious response variation. The cholesterol-lowering but not triglyceride-decreasing effect of BBR was closely related to its modulation on gut microbiota. Interestingly, the baseline levels of Alistipes and Blautia could accurately predict its anti-hypercholesterolemic efficiency in the following treatment. Causality experiments in mice further confirmed that the gut microbiome is both necessary and sufficient to mediate the lipid-lowering effect of BBR. The absence of Blautia substantially abolished BBR's cholesterol-decreasing efficacy. Conclusion The gut microbiota is necessary and sufficient for BBR’s hyperlipidemia-ameliorating effect. The baseline composition of gut microbes can be an effective predictor for its pharmacotherapeutic efficacy, providing a novel way to achieve personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenquan Su
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Le Sun
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxian Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shengxian Wu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding authors.
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161
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Shi Y, Feng R, Mao J, Liu S, Zhou Z, Ji Z, Chen S, Mao J. Structural Characterization of Peptides From Huangjiu and Their Regulation of Hepatic Steatosis and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Hyperlipidemia Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689092. [PMID: 34220514 PMCID: PMC8243288 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic disorder that is difficult to cure and usually treated with long-term lipid-reducing drugs. Recent trends have led to the use of diet therapies or food-derived strategies in the treatment of such long-term diseases. The Chinese rice wine (huangjiu) contains a wide range of bioactive peptides that are produced during the multi-species fermentation process. To clarify the regulation effects of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota by huangjiu bioactive peptides, three huangjiu peptides were isolated, purified and characterized by hyper-filtration, macroporous resin, gel filtration separation and structural identification. Meanwhile, a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia was established to study the effects of huangjiu peptides on serum biomarker, hepatic metabolism and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Experimental results showed that huangjiu peptides T1 and T2 (HpT1, HpT2) treatment alleviated the increase in serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and aberrant hepatic lipid accumulation in the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia mice. Furthermore, HpT2 and HpT1 restored the α-diversity and structure of gut microbial community after hyperlipidemia-induced microbiota disturbance compared with simvastatin and HpT3. The administration of HpT2 and HpT1 regulated the microbiota-mediated gut ecology through alterations of characteristic taxa including Lactobacillus, Ileibacterium, Faecalibaculum and Alloprevotella by linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis. Collectively, our results offer new insights into the abilities of food-derived peptides on alleviation of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis and gut dysbiosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ruixue Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jieqi Mao
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine CO., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
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162
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Mo Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Geng W, Wang L, Zou C, Wu Y, Ji C, Liu X, Lu Z. Microbiome-Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Protection Mechanism of α-Ketoacid on Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657827. [PMID: 34045965 PMCID: PMC8144710 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: As nitrogen-free precursors of corresponding essential amino, α-ketoacid have been widely prescribed to end-stage renal disease patients together with a low protein diet However, the impact of α-ketoacid on intestinal microbiota in chronic kidney disease (CKD) individuals is unknown. The study aims at investigating the variation in the intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in response to α-ketoacid treatment in an adenine-induced CKD rat model. Design: Rats in the treatment groups were given solution of compound α-ketoacid tablets. At the end of the study, blood, feces, colon tissues and kidney tissues were collected and processed for biochemical analyses, histological and western blot analyses, 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomic analyses. Results: α-Ketoacid treatment reduced serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24 h urine protein, and alleviated tubular atrophy, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in adenine-induced CKD rats. Moreover, α-ketoacid significantly improved intestinal barrier and increased the abundance of Methanobrevibacter, Akkermansia, Blautia and Anaerositipes while reduced the abundance of Anaerovorax and Coprococcus_3 at the genus level. In addition, our results also demonstrated that α-ketoacid significantly reduced the concentrations of indoxyl sulfate, betaine, choline and cholesterol. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Coprococcus_3 was positively correlated with serum level of betaine, trimethylamine N-oxide, indoxyl sulfate, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Conclusion: α-Ketoacid has a reno-protective effect against adenine-induced CKD, which may be mediated regulation of serum metabolic profiles via affecting intestinal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Sun
- Department of Emergency, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Geng
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Nephrology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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163
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Han R, Qiu H, Zhong J, Zheng N, Li B, Hong Y, Ma J, Wu G, Chen L, Sheng L, Li H. Si Miao Formula attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153544. [PMID: 33773192 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease with few therapeutic options available currently. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years in China and Asian countries, and regarded as an important source for identifying novel medicines for diseases. Si Miao Formula (SMF) is a classical TCM formula for the treatment of gout disease by reducing serum uric acid concentrations, while high concentration of uric acid is also an independent risk factor for NAFLD. PURPOSE To investigate the protective effect of SMF on NAFLD in a mouse model induced by a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet. METHODS Mice received a HFHS diet over a 16-week period to induce NAFLD with or without SMF intervention. Lipid levels were measured in both the liver and serum. Histopathological staining was used to evaluate the extent of hepatic lipid accumulation. Liver transcriptomics was used to enrich differentially expressed genes and to predict regulatory pathways after gene set enrichment analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the microbial composition. Genes of liver lipid metabolism, inflammation and intestinal tight junctions were detected by qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS SMF attenuated hepatic steatosis, reduced body weight gain and lipid concentrations, improved sensitivity to insulin and also tolerance to glucose, in mice fed an HFHS diet. Hepatic transcriptomics showed that SMF downregulated the biosynthesis of fatty acids and stimulated the insulin secretion pathway. SMF significantly altered the gut microbiota composition and in particular increased the proportion of Akkermansia muciniphila. In agreement with liver transcriptomics, SMF downregulated the expression of genes implicated in the metabolism of lipids (Acly, Fas, Acc, Scd-1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Nlrp-3) in the livers. CONCLUSION The results indicate that SMF attenuates HFHS diet-induced NAFLD and regulates hepatic lipid metabolism pathways. The anti-NAFLD effect of SMF was linked to modulation of the gut microbiota composition and in particular an increased relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Han
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Huihui Qiu
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Functional Metabolomics and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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164
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Zhang YK, Zhang Q, Wang YL, Zhang WY, Hu HQ, Wu HY, Sheng XZ, Luo KJ, Zhang H, Wang M, Huang R, Wang GY. A Comparison Study of Age and Colorectal Cancer-Related Gut Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:606490. [PMID: 33996615 PMCID: PMC8121496 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.606490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is gaining increasing interest from researchers, and a series of studies proved that gut bacteria plays a significant role in various malignancies, especially in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, a cohort of 34 CRC patients (average age=65 years old), 26 young volunteers (below 30 years old), and 26 old volunteers (over 60 years old) was enrolled. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to explore fecal bacteria diversity. The operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering analysis and NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) analysis were used to separate different groups. Cluster of ortholog genes (COG) functional annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) were used to detect enriched pathways among three groups. Community separations were observed among the three groups of this cohort. Clostridia, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, and Fusobacteria were the most enriched bacteria in the young group, old group, and CRC group respectively. Also, in the young, old, and CRC group, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was increased sequentially despite no statistical differences. Further, COG showed that transcription, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, inorganic ion transport and metabolism, and signal transduction mechanisms were differentially expressed among three groups. KEGG pathways associated with ABC transporters, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis also showed statistical differences among the three groups. These results indicated that the intestinal bacterial community varied as age changed and was related to CRC, and we discussed that specific bacteria enriched in the young and old group may exert a protective function, while bacteria enriched in the CRC group may promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Liuming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Han-Qing Hu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-Zong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kang-Jia Luo
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gui-Yu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Colorectal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
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165
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Cai J, Chen Z, Wu W, Lin Q, Liang Y. High animal protein diet and gut microbiota in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6225-6237. [PMID: 33724115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1898336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal flora in health and disease has become a research hotspot. Compared with carbohydrates and fats, proteins are metabolized primarily by microbial fermentation in the intestine. The production of protein fermentation products and metabolites depends on the composition, diversity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Several protein fermentation products, including indoles, phenols, polyamines, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), amines, and carnitine, are toxic. This study analyzes the relationship between high-protein diets (HPDs), the intestinal microbiota, and human health and disease. Long-term HPDs increase the risk of intestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by producing toxic metabolites in the colon, including amines, H2S, and ammonia. Short-term HPDs have little effect on the metabolism of healthy individuals under 65 years old. However, meeting the protein requirements of individuals over 65 years old using HPDs is more challenging. The adverse effects of HPDs on athletes are minimal. Natural compounds (plant extracts, whose main constituents are polysaccharides and polyphenols), prebiotics, probiotics, and regular physical exercise improve gut dysbiosis and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongxu Chen
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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166
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Li X, Wu D, Niu J, Sun Y, Wang Q, Yang B, Kuang H. Intestinal Flora: A Pivotal Role in Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:237-268. [PMID: 33622213 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal flora is essential for maintaining host health and plays a unique role in transforming Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). TCM, as a bodyguard, has saved countless lives and maintained human health in the long history, especially in this COVID-19 pandemic. Pains of diseases have been removed from the effective TCM therapy, such as TCM preparation, moxibustion, and acupuncture. With the development of life science and technology, the wisdom and foresight of TCM has been more displayed. Furthermore, TCM has been also inherited and developed in innovation to better realize the modernization and globalization. Nowadays, intestinal flora transforming TCM and TCM targeted intestinal flora treating diseases have been important findings in life science. More and more TCM researches showed the significance of intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is also a way to study TCM to elucidate the profound theory of TCM. Processing, compatibility, and properties of TCM are well demonstrated by intestinal flora. Thus, it is no doubt that intestinal flora is a core in TCM study. The interaction between intestinal flora and TCM is so crucial for host health. Therefore, it is necessary to sum up the latest results in time. This paper systematically depicted the profile of TCM and the importance of intestinal flora in host. What is more, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the latest progress of the interplay between TCM and intestinal flora to better reveal the core connotation of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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167
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Chen Y, Yang B, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Maintaining Intestinal Mechanical Barrier, Blocking Proinflammatory Cytokines, Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling, and Altering Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1496-1512. [PMID: 33512996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects and discrepancy of different CLA-producing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum on relieving colitis and to investigate the potential mechanisms. B. pseudocatenulatum MY40C and CCFM680 were administered to mice with DSS-induced colitis. The content of tight junction proteins and mucin2 was significantly upregulated. TNF-α and IL-6 were downregulated, while IL-10 and PPAR-γ were upregulated. TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation was significantly inhibited. Moreover, each treated strain increased Allobaculum and decreased Sutterella, Bacteroides, and Oscillospira. The colonic conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with the effectiveness of strain in relieving colitis. In conclusion, MY40C and CCFM680 supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis by protecting intestinal mechanical barrier, modulating gut microbiota, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results are conducive to promote clinical trials and product development of probiotics for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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168
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Mansour SR, Moustafa MAA, Saad BM, Hamed R, Moustafa ARA. Impact of diet on human gut microbiome and disease risk. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 41:100845. [PMID: 34035924 PMCID: PMC8138677 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome of humans comprises a diverse group of trillions of microorganisms including symbiotic organisms, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food; it also helps with absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and releases their metabolites, which may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence human health either directly or indirectly. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, which are in the majority, depends on daily diet. Therefore, an unbalanced diet may lead to the progression and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer and depression, as well as infant health and longevity. We provide an overview of the effect of diet on the human microbiome and assess the related risk of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Mansour
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - M A A Moustafa
- Faculty of Medicine, 6 October University, 6 October, Egypt
| | - B M Saad
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - R Hamed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - A-R A Moustafa
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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169
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Pastor-Villaescusa B, Plaza-Díaz J, Egea-Zorrilla A, Leis R, Bueno G, Hoyos R, Vázquez-Cobela R, Latorre M, Cañete MD, Caballero-Villarraso J, Gil Á, Cañete R, Aguilera CM. Evaluation of the gut microbiota after metformin intervention in children with obesity: A metagenomic study of a randomized controlled trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111117. [PMID: 33360047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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170
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Liu P, Jia X, Chen Y, Yu Y, Zhang K, Lin Y, Wang B, Peng G. Gut microbiota interacts with intrinsic brain activity of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:163-173. [PMID: 32929861 PMCID: PMC7816203 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To explore the potential relationships among gut microbiota (GM), local brain spontaneous activity, and neuropsychological characteristics in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. METHODS Twenty aMCI and 22 healthy control (HC) subjects were recruited. The GM composition was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed, and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) was calculated across different frequencies. The Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between spontaneous brain activity and cognitive function, and GM composition. RESULTS aMCI patients had altered GM state and local spontaneous brain activity as compared with HC subjects. Correlation analysis showed that aMCI and HC groups had different "GM-intrinsic brain activity interaction" patterns. In aMCI group, at the typical band (0.01-0.08 Hz), the relative abundance (RA) of Bacteroides from phylum to genus level was negatively correlated with fALFF value of cerebellar vermis IV-V, and the Ruminococcaceae RA was negatively correlated with fALFF values of left lenticular nucleus and pallidum. The Clostridiaceae RA and Blautia RA were positively correlated with the left cerebellum lobules IV-V at the slow-4 band (0.027-0.073 Hz). The Veillonellaceae RA was positively correlated with fALFF values of left precentral gyrus at the slow-5 band (0.073-0.08 Hz). Correlation analysis showed that Clostridium members (Lachnospiraceae and Blautia) were positively, while Veillonellaceae was negatively, correlated with cognition test. Bacteroides was positively correlated with attention and computation, and negatively correlated with the three-stage command score. CONCLUSIONS aMCI patients have a specific GM-intrinsic brain activity-cognitive function interaction pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xi‐Ze Jia
- Center for Cognition and Brain DisordersHangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ya‐Jie Lin
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Bao‐Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Ping Peng
- Department of NeurologyCollege of MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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171
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Strain-Specific Effects of Bifidobacterium longum on Hypercholesterolemic Rats and Potential Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031305. [PMID: 33525627 PMCID: PMC7866116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease, which is among the major causes of death worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore whether Bifidobacterium longum strains exerted intra-species differences in cholesterol-lowering effects in hypercholesterolemic rats and to investigate the potential mechanisms. SD rats underwent gavage with each B. longum strain (CCFM 1077, I3, J3 and B3) daily for 28 days. B. longum CCFM 1077 exerted the most potent cholesterol-lowering effect, followed by B. longum I3 and B3, whereas B. longum B3 had no effect in alleviating hypercholesterolemia. Divergent alleviation of different B. longum strains on hypercholesterolemia can be attributed to the differences in bile salt deconjugation ability and cholesterol assimilation ability in vitro. By 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis, the relative abundance of beneficial genus increased in the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment group. The expression of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were also altered after the B. longum CCFM 1077 treatment. In conclusion, B. longum exhibits strain-specific effects in the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia, mainly due to differences in bacterial characteristics, bile salt deconjugation ability, cholesterol assimilation ability, expressions of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism and alterations of gut microbiota.
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Chang Q, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang S, Song Y, Zhao Y, Wang Z. Sini Decoction Ameliorates Colorectal Cancer and Modulates the Composition of Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:609992. [PMID: 33776762 PMCID: PMC7991589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.609992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sini Decoction (SND), as a classic prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been proved to be clinically useful in cardiomyopathy and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role and mechanism of SND in colitis-associated cancer remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SND on colorectal cancer(CRC) symptoms and further explore the changes of gut microbes mediated by SND extract in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC mice through 16 S rRNA sequencing. Our results indicated that treatment with SND extract could ameliorate the tumors' malignant degree by decreasing tumor number and size. Also, the expression levels of Cyclooxygenase 2 and Mucin-2, which are typical CRC biomarkers, were reduced compared to the CRC group. In the meantime, SND extract can upregulate CD8+ T lymphocytes' expression and Occludin in the colonic mucosal layer. Besides, SND inhibited the expression of CD4+ T cells and inflammatory cytokines in CRC tissue. According to bioinformatics analysis, SND extract was also suggested could modulate the gut microbial community. After the SND treatment, compared with the CRC mice model, the number of pathogenic bacteria showed a significant reduction, including Bacteroides fragilis and Sulphate-reducing bacteria; and SND increased the relative contents of the beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bacillus coagulans, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Bifidobacterium. In summary, SND can effectively intervene in colorectal cancer development by regulating intestinal immunity, protecting the colonic mucosal barrier, and SND can change the intestinal microbiota composition in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, College of Fishery and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Virology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Chang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, College of Fishery and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Song, ; Yongkun Zhao, ; Zhihong Wang,
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Department of Virology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Song, ; Yongkun Zhao, ; Zhihong Wang,
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Song, ; Yongkun Zhao, ; Zhihong Wang,
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173
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Yan D, Fan P, Sun W, Ding Q, Zheng W, Xiao W, Zhang B, Zhang T, Zhang T, Shi J, Chen X, Chen P, Zhang J, Hao Y, Sun X, Pang X, Dong Y, Xu P, Yu L, Ma B. Anemarrhena asphodeloides modulates gut microbiota and restores pancreatic function in diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110954. [PMID: 33378992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemarrhena asphodeloides is an herb widely used to treat symptoms associated with diabetes in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its key components and metabolites have low bioavailability and poor host absorption. To clarify the anti-diabetic mechanism of A. asphodeloides extract (AAE), we examined the anti-diabetic effects of AAE in rats with diabetes induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Faeces levels of the main components and metabolites of AAE were significantly higher than levels in plasma, which indicated that gut microbiota might play important roles in its anti-diabetic effect. Microbiological studies showed that unabsorbed components increased the diversity of the gut microbiota, enriched potentially beneficial bacteria, and suppressed potentially harmful bacteria. In vitro studies showed that AAE promoted the proliferation of Blautia coccoides, a bacterium with positive implication for diabetes, in a dose-dependent manner. AAE also promoted pancreatic cell regeneration and restored the function of pancreatic islet cells via peroxiredoxin 4 overexpression. Overall, these results suggest that AAE alleviates diabetes via modulating gut microbiota and protein expression.
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MESH Headings
- Anemarrhena/chemistry
- Animals
- Bacteria/drug effects
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dysbiosis
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Intestines/microbiology
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Peroxiredoxins/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Streptozocin
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qianzhi Ding
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weidi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinguang Sun
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China; Hebei Province Key Lab of Research and Application on Microbial Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Liyan Yu
- China Pharmaceutical Culture Collection, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Baiping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
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174
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Yehualashet AS, Yikna BB. Microbial Ecosystem in Diabetes Mellitus: Consideration of the Gastrointestinal System. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:1841-1854. [PMID: 33953584 PMCID: PMC8089103 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s304497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is established to be a crucial element in the control of human health, and keeping the symbiotic relationship between the human body and intestinal microbes will have paramount importance. A number of investigations illustrated that many chronic diseases are associated with intestinal micro-ecological disorders implying intestinal floras as an important component among the environmental factors, and perturbations in their composition are correlated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Increased evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbial ecosystem have been involved in part in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 DM. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), derived from microbiota, have been studied for their potential action in modulating CNS, gut barrier axis, and the immune system as a promising mechanism for the observed protective effects on diabetes pathogenesis. Besides, the role of bile acid (BA) stimulated receptors to have a significant role in liver metabolism, and pathophysiology of liver-based metabolic diseases has also been investigated. In the current review, we will try to summarize the correlation between intestinal microbiota and diabetes considering the existing current evidence revealing the role of gut microbiota in onset and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awgichew Shewasinad Yehualashet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Awgichew Shewasinad Yehualashet Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, PO Box 445, Debre Berhan, EthiopiaTel +251 935450290 Email
| | - Berhan Begashaw Yikna
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
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175
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Ji L, Jiang G. New insights into the links between anti-diabetes drugs and gut microbiota. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R36-R42. [PMID: 33338029 PMCID: PMC7923145 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the intestinal flora is out of balance and accompanied by leaky gut. The flora is characterized by an increase in mucus-degrading bacteria and a decrease in fiber-degrading bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the major fiber-degrading bacteria fermentation, not only ameliorate the leaky gut, but also activate GPR43 to increase the mass of functional pancreatic β-cells and exert anti-inflammation effect. At present, the gut microbiota is considered as the potential target for anti-diabetes drugs, and how to reverse the imbalance of gut microbiota has become a therapeutic strategy for T2DM. This review briefly summarizes the drugs or compounds that have direct or potential therapeutic effects on T2DM by modulating the gut microbiota, including biguanides, isoquinoline alkaloids, stilbene and C7N-aminocyclic alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Hu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Yuan
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixia Ji
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
| | - Guohui Jiang
- School of pharmacy, Qing Dao University, Qingdao, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to L Ji or G Jiang : or
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176
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Huang QY, Yao F, Zhou CR, Huang XY, Wang Q, Long H, Wu QM. Role of gut microbiome in regulating the effectiveness of metformin in reducing colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:6213-6228. [PMID: 33392303 PMCID: PMC7760447 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i24.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally. It is rarely noticed that the incidence of CRC is higher in patients with T2DM. What needs to be mentioned is that metformin, a commonly used clinical drug for T2DM, attracts scholars’ attention because of its benefits in lowering the risk of developing CRC. Hence, we try to find the common grounds of initiation of T2DM and CRC and the reason why metformin reduces the risk of CRC in patients with T2DM. We noticed consistent changes of gut microbiota, such as elevated Bacteroides, Prevotella and Bifidobacterium and depressed Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, many studies in recent years have proved that the efficacy of metformin, such as improving blood glucose, depends on the gut microbiota. Coincidentally, the progression of CRC is inseparable from the contributions of gut microbiota. Therefore, we first proposed the concept of the metformin-gut microbiota–CRC (in T2DM) axis to explain the effect of metformin in reducing CRC in patients with T2DM. In this review, we elaborated the new concept and its potential clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-You Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuan-Ren Zhou
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
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177
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Xu X, Gao Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Chen L, Han L, Zhao N, Xu J, Wang X, Ma Y, Shu L, Hu X, Lyu N, Pan Y, Zhu B, Zhao L, Tong X, Wang J. Antidiabetic Effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction via the Gut Microbiota Are Attributable to Its Key Ingredient Berberine. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:721-736. [PMID: 33359679 PMCID: PMC8377040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mechanisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with berberine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further standardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yue Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian Shu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanlong Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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178
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Ghosh S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C, Zhao L. Active phase prebiotic feeding alters gut microbiota, induces weight-independent alleviation of hepatic steatosis and serum cholesterol in high-fat diet-fed mice. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:448-458. [PMID: 33510856 PMCID: PMC7806547 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that prebiotics may induce weight loss and alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via modulation of the gut microbiota. However, key members of the gut microbiota that may mediate the beneficial effects of prebiotics remain elusive. Here, we find that restricted prebiotic feeding during active phase (HF-ARP) induced weight-independent alleviation of liver steatosis and reduced serum cholesterol in high-fat diet (HF) fed mice more significantly than unrestricted feeding (HF-UP). HF-ARP mice also showed concomitantly altered gut microbiota structure that was different from HF-UP group along with significantly increased production of total short-chain fatty-acids (SCFAs). Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were clustered into co-abundant groups (CAGs) as potential functional groups that may respond distinctively to prebiotic consumption and prebiotic feeding regime. Prebiotic feeding induces significant alterations in CAG abundances by day 7. Eight of 32 CAGs were promoted by prebiotics, including CAG17 with the most abundant ASV from Parabacteroides, CAG22 with Bacteroides thetaiotamicron and CAG32 with Fecalibaculum and Akkermansia. Among the prebiotic-promoted CAGs, CAG20 with ASVs from Lachnospiraceae and CAG21 with ASVs from Bifidobacterium and Lachnospiraceae were significantly enhanced in HF-ARP compared to HF-UP. Moreover, most of the prebiotic-promoted CAGs were also significantly associated with improvements in hepatic steatosis, reduction in serum cholesterol and increased cecal propionate production. Together, these results suggest that the impact of prebiotics on weight-independent alleviation of liver steatosis and cholesterol-lowering effect can be optimized by restricting prebiotic intake to active phase and is associated with a distinct change of gut microbiota with increased SCFA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Ghosh
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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179
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Effects of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Tang Luo Ning on Intestinal Flora and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3452625. [PMID: 33204285 PMCID: PMC7652613 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3452625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of TLN on glycolipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and intestinal flora in diabetic rat. Materials and Methods Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (180-200 g) were divided into two groups. The normal group was fed a standard-chow diet, whereas, in the model group, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-fat sucrose diet. Then, the model group was randomly allocated to four groups: DM (diabetes model) and TLNH (TLN high dose), TLNL (TLN low dose), and NAC (N-acetylcysteine). Rats in the TLNH, TLNL, and NAC groups were intragastrically administered TLN and NAC for 12 weeks. Subsequently, their weights, fasting glucose levels, serum lipids, serum insulin, serum ROS, and intestinal flora were determined. Results The weight and intestinal flora abundance of the DM group were significantly lower than those of the normal group, whereas their total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum reactive oxygen species (ROS), and serum insulin (INS) levels were significantly higher than those of the normal group. TC and LDL-C levels in the TLNL group and DM group were similar, whereas FBG, INS, and ROS levels in the TLNL group were obviously lower than those in the DM group. Compared with the DM group, there was a significant increase in intestinal flora abundance in the TLNL group. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (core microbiota) varied in all groups. However, in the DM group, Firmicutes abundance decreased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes increased. An opposite trend was observed in the TLN-treated groups. Conclusions TLN, which showed a dose-dependent therapeutic effect, can effectively decrease serum lipid, serum insulin, blood glucose, and serum ROS levels. It can also rebalance the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the low-dose TLN treatment was most efficacious.
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180
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Zhang HY, Tian JX, Lian FM, Li M, Liu WK, Zhen Z, Liao JQ, Tong XL. Therapeutic mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine to improve metabolic diseases via the gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110857. [PMID: 33197760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are associated with the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have shown considerable effects in the treatment of metabolic disorders by regulating the gut microbiota. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies have shown that TCMs significantly affect glucose and lipid metabolism by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly mucin-degrading bacteria, bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, lipopolysaccharide- and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and bacteria with bile-salt hydrolase activity. In this review, we explored potential mechanisms by which TCM improved metabolic disorders via regulating gut microbiota composition and functional structure. In particular, we focused on the protection of the intestinal barrier function, modulation of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammatory responses, regulation of the effects of SCFAs, modulation of the gut-brain axis, and regulation of bile acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism as therapeutic mechanisms of TCMs in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China; Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wen-Ke Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jiang-Quan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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181
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Wang J, Li P, Liu S, Zhang B, Hu Y, Ma H, Wang S. Green tea leaf powder prevents dyslipidemia in high-fat diet-fed mice by modulating gut microbiota. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:3672. [PMID: 33281537 PMCID: PMC7681786 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past, most researchers paid more attention to the biological activity of tea infusion and tea polyphenols; however, the prebiotic role of tea leaf powder is still unknown. Green tea leaf powder is rich in dietary fiber and is suggested to be beneficial for human health. Only limited studies have looked at the effects of tea leaf powder (which mainly contains tea dietary fiber) on gut microbiota and health. Objective The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of green tea leaf powder in preventing hyperlipidemia and to understand its potential lipid-lowering mechanism. Design Mice in three treatment groups were fed high-fat diets (HFDs) by administering either 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg•d dietary fiber-enriched green tea leaf powder of low, medium, or high, respectively, for 12 weeks. Serum biochemical analyses and mRNA gene expression levels of related energy and lipid metabolism biomarkers from the liver were investigated. In addition, 16S rRNA cecal microbiota and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were tested. Results Green tea leaf powder reduced body weight and total cholesterol of HFD-fed mice in a dose-dependent manner. Green tea leaf powder also increased satiety hormone secretion and reduced systemic inflammation of HFD-fed mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses reconfirmed that green tea leaf powder prevented dyslipidemia by enhancing hepatic mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter A1 and decreasing the expression of fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, and liver X receptor. Green tea leaf powder promoted the growth of Blautia, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Alloprevotella, and Butyrivibrio and inhibited the growth of Erysipelatoclostridium, Desulfovibrio, and Candidatus_Saccharimonas in the cecum of HFD-fed mice. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that green tea leaf powder improves lipid metabolism of HFD-fed mice in a dose-dependent manner. The potential mechanism involves a synergistic role in reprogramming gut microbiota, increasing satiety hormone secretion, and reducing systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaozhong Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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182
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Fu Y, Yin R, Liu Z, Niu Y, Guo E, Cheng R, Diao X, Xue Y, Shen Q. Hypoglycemic Effect of Prolamin from Cooked Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italic) on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3452. [PMID: 33187155 PMCID: PMC7696583 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Millet proteins have been demonstrated to possess glucose-lowering and lipid metabolic disorder modulation functions against diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-diabetic effects remain unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of prolamin from cooked foxtail millet (PCFM) on type 2 diabetic mice, and explore the gut microbiota and serum metabolic profile changes that are associated with diabetes attenuation by PCFM. Our diabetes model was established using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin before PCFM or saline was daily administrated by gavage for 5 weeks. The results showed that PCFM ameliorated glucose metabolism disorders associated with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the effects of PCFM administration on gut microbiota and serum metabolome were investigated. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that PCFM alleviated diabetes-related gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Additionally, the serum metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolite levels disturbed by diabetes were partly altered by PCFM. Notably, the decreased D-Glucose level caused by PCFM suggested that its anti-diabetic potential can be associated with the activation of glycolysis and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and galactose metabolism. In addition, the increased serotonin level caused by PCFM may stimulate insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells, which contributed to its hypoglycemic effect. Taken together, our research demonstrated that the modulation of gut microbiota composition and the serum metabolomics profile was associated with the anti-diabetic effect of PCFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Niu
- Shan Xi Dongfang Wuhua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd., Datong 037000, China;
| | - Erhu Guo
- Research Institute of Millet, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China;
| | - Ruhong Cheng
- Research Institute of Millet, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China;
| | - Xianmin Diao
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
| | - Qun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, National Engineering Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (Y.F.); (R.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.X.)
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183
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Huang X, Hong X, Wang J, Sun T, Yu T, Yu Y, Fang J, Xiong H. Metformin elicits antitumour effect by modulation of the gut microbiota and rescues Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced colorectal tumourigenesis. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103037. [PMID: 33039709 PMCID: PMC7553239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of metformin on gut microbiota has been reported, but whether metformin can suppress colorectal cancer (CRC) by affecting gut microbiota composition and rescue F. nucleatum-induced tumourigenicity remains unclear. METHODS To identify microbiota associated with both CRC occurrence and metformin treatment, first, we reanalyzed the gut microbiome of our previous data on two human cohorts of normal and CRC individuals. Subsequently, we summarized microbiota altered by metformin from published literatures. Several taxa, including Fusobacterium, were associated with both CRC occurrence and metformin treatment. We investigated the effect of metformin on APCMin/+ mice given with or without F. nucleatum. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. FINDINGS We summarized 131 genera altered by metformin from 18 published literatures. Five genera reported to be changed by metformin, including Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Achromobacter, Alistipes and Fusobacterium, were associated with CRC in both of our human cohorts. Metformin relieved the symptoms caused by F. nucleatum administration in APCMin/+ mice, and showed promise in suppressing intestinal tumour formation and rescuing F. nucleatum-induced tumourigenicity. Administration of F. nucleatum and/or metformin had effect on gut microbiome structure, composition and functions of APCMin/+ mice. INTERPRETATION This study pioneers in predicting critical CRC-associated taxa contributing to the antitumour effect of metformin, and correlating gut microbiome with the antitumour effect of metformin in experimental animals. We presented a basis for future investigations into metformin's potential effect on suppressing F. nucleatum-induced tumor formation in vivo. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701250).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xialu Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jilin Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - TaChung Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
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184
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Ji W, Jiang T, Sun Z, Teng F, Ma C, Huang S, Yan S. The Enhanced Pharmacological Effects of Modified Traditional Chinese Medicine in Attenuation of Atherosclerosis Is Driven by Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:546589. [PMID: 33178012 PMCID: PMC7593568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.546589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicated that gut microbiota-targeted therapy is a promising strategy to treat Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used in CVD treatments for over 2,000 years which is believed to result from the modulation of gut microbiota, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. According to the theoretical system of TCM, we developed an innovative formula of TCM named "TongMai ZhuYu (TMZY)" on top of one classic Chinese herbal formula ["XueFu ZhuYu (XFZY)"], which can more effectively alleviate CVD in the clinical practice. Here, we first systematically assessed the pharmacological effects of TMZY, XFZY, and atorvastatin on atherosclerosis (AS) induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. TMZY typically outperformed others in alleviating AS rats by characterization of pathological morphology, immunohistochemistry, inflammatory cytokines. Remarkably, combining this modified TCM formula (TMZY) with atorvastatin can further help the alleviation of AS in rats by suppressing immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, to test whether TMZY alleviated AS symptoms by altering gut microbial compositions (dysbiosis), we employed 16S amplicon sequencing to investigate gut microbiota changes in the AS mice induced by high choline diet (HCD) using both TMZY and XFZY under antibiotic-treated and untreated conditions. TCM formulas induced consistent and remarkable changes in the phenotypes and microbiota in the HCD mice. TMZY modulated more changes in the gut microbiota to improve diseased phenotypes than XFZY. Notably, the TMZY-intervention effect on CVD in mice attenuated after the suppression of gut microbial activity by antibiotics. Collectively, we demonstrated that TCM herbals could effectively modulate the gut microbiota as a mechanism for altering the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in mice/rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Ji
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Medical Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Medical Group), Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Single-Cell Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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185
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Changes in the Gut Microbiota are Associated with Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Subjects. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102996. [PMID: 33007825 PMCID: PMC7601322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is involved in host health and disease development. Therefore, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension (HT), hyperlipidemia (HL), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may alter the composition of gut microbiota. Here, we investigated gut microbiota changes related to these diseases and their coexistence. This study involved 239 Japanese subjects, including healthy controls (HC). The fecal microbiota was analyzed through the isolation of bacterial genomic DNA obtained from fecal samples. Although there were no significant differences in the microbial structure between groups, there was a significant difference in the α-diversity between HC and the patients in whom two diseases coexisted. Moreover, Actinobacteria levels were significantly increased, whereas Bacteroidetes levels were significantly decreased in all disease groups. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium levels were significantly increased in the HL and T2D groups, as were those of Collinsella in all disease groups. In contrast, Alistipes levels were significantly lower in the HL group. Furthermore, metabolic enzyme families were significantly increased in all disease groups. Interestingly, the structure and function of the gut microbiota showed similar profiles in all the studied diseases. In conclusion, several changes in the structure of the gut microbiota are associated with T2D, HT, and HL in Japanese subjects.
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186
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Zheng Y, Ding Q, Zhang L, Gou X, Wei Y, Li M, Tong X. The effect of traditional Chinese medicine on gut microbiota in adults with type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22233. [PMID: 32957365 PMCID: PMC7505378 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which is the major type of diabetes, accounts for more than 90% of all case of diabetes, and its pathogenesis remains inconclusive. Recent studies have revealed a significant role of gut microbiota in the onset and development of T2DM. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich clinical experience in the treatment of T2DM for thousands of years and a large amount of studies have shown that TCM has the capacity of lowering blood glucose and modulating gut microbiota. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate all randomized controlled trials on TCM for gut microbiota to assess the effectiveness and safety of TCM in T2DM patients. METHODS Seven electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Information-Chinese Scientific Journal Database) will be searched from inception to present in the English and Chinese languages. Eligible randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of TCM in T2DM patients, compared with western medicine, placebo or no intervention will be included in the study. The primary outcomes are the glucose metabolism and gut microbiota as well as its metabolites. The second outcomes are changes in weight, and changes in inflammatory markers. Two authors will independently select studies, extract data, and assess the quality of the studies by scanning the titles, abstracts, and full texts. The meta-analysis will be conducted using Review Manager version 5.3. The results will be presented as risk ratios for dichotomous data and adverse events, and as mean differences for continuous data. RESULT The study will provide a summary of current evidence for the treatment of T2DM from the perspective of gut microbiota by using TCM based on the outcome measures. CONCLUSION The systematic review will evaluate the efficacy of TCM in treating T2DM from the perspective of gut microbiota, providing current evidence and laying a foundation for further work in the field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020188043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Yu Wei
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences
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187
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Lin TL, Lu CC, Lai WF, Wu TS, Lu JJ, Chen YM, Tzeng CM, Liu HT, Wei H, Lai HC. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-derived active metabolites. Protein Cell 2020; 12:394-410. [PMID: 32929698 PMCID: PMC8106560 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00784-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been extensively used to ameliorate diseases in Asia for over thousands of years. However, owing to a lack of formal scientific validation, the absence of information regarding the mechanisms underlying TCMs restricts their application. After oral administration, TCM herbal ingredients frequently are not directly absorbed by the host, but rather enter the intestine to be transformed by gut microbiota. The gut microbiota is a microbial community living in animal intestines, and functions to maintain host homeostasis and health. Increasing evidences indicate that TCM herbs closely affect gut microbiota composition, which is associated with the conversion of herbal components into active metabolites. These may significantly affect the therapeutic activity of TCMs. Microbiota analyses, in conjunction with modern multiomics platforms, can together identify novel functional metabolites and form the basis of future TCM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Lung Lin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Chia-Chen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China.,Department of Chest Medicine, Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, China
| | - Wei-Fan Lai
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Jang-Jih Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China.,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - Young-Mao Chen
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medicine Scientific and Technical Innovation Park, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200435, China
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan, China. .,Central Research Laboratory, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, 361026, China. .,Microbiota Research Center and Emerging Viral Infections Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, China. .,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Gueishan, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan, China.
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188
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Yang H, Yue R, Zhou J, Zeng Z, Wang L, Long X, Ding N, Huang X. Study on metabonomics of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with community-acquired pneumonia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22160. [PMID: 32925778 PMCID: PMC7489703 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the main acute complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the main cause of hospitalization for infectious diseases. Unfortunately, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with community-acquired pneumonia (T2DM-CAP), modern medicine is still faced with enormous challenges because of insulin resistance and drug-resistant bacteria. In recent decades, clinical and experimental evidence shows that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has a certain beneficial effect on diabetes and pneumonia. Therefore, this trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM plus western medicines for the treatment of T2DM-CAP. METHODS We propose a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized superiority trial.A total of 92 participants with T2DM-CAP will be randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either the experimental group, which will receive modified Ban-Xia-Xie-Xin-Decotion and basic treatment, or the control group, which will receive basic treatment only. The study duration will be 14 days. The primary outcome will be the total clinical effective rate. The secondary outcomes are traditional Chinese medicine symptom score scale, pneumonia severity index, usage time of antibiotic, time required for blood sugar to reach the required level, frequency of hypoglycemia, and chest CT. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry method will be used to explore the blood metabolism profiles of the subjects, to explore the pathogenesis of T2DM-CAP and the mechanism of CHM on T2DM-CAP. Adverse events will also be evaluated. DISCUSSION This trial will provide evidence of the effectiveness and safety of traditional CHM in treating patients with T2DM-CAP. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2000035204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoqin Long
- Chengdu Qingbaijiang District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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189
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Gao S, Wang T, Huang X, Jin Y, Xu Y, Xi Y, Zhang J, Luo Y, Xu H, Guo H, Ke D, Wang J. Exploring the protective effect of Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction against hepatic steatosis and inflammation by network pharmacology and validation in ageing rats. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Based on therapy with syndrome differentiation and clinical studies on Xiaochaihu decoction (XCHD), we hypothesize that Modified Xiaochaihu Decoction (MXD) has an ability to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to elucidate the pharmacological efficacy of MXD and its mechanism in the treatment of NAFLD by network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Methods
The active ingredients in MXD and their potential targets were identified using network analysis followed by experimental validation. First, we used data on the ingredients and targets obtained from professional database and related literature to do PPI network analysis, GO functional analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Core targets identified by network pharmacology were then tested in natural ageing female rats model. Indexes of lipid and glucose homeostasis were determined enzymatically and/or histologically. Gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR and/or Western blot (WB).
Results
In total, 4009 NAFLD-related targets and 1953 chemical ingredients of MXD were obtained. In-depth network analysis of 140 common targets indicated that MXD played a critical role in anti-NAFLD via multiple targets and pathways. Based on the data of PPI analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and literatures on the mechanism of NAFLD, we chose the core targets related to lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c, ChREBP, FASN, PPARα, and ACACA) and inflammation (IL-6 and NF-κB) to do further study. Significantly, in further animal verification experiment we using naturally ageing rats with NAFLD as a model, we found that MXD administration ameliorated age-related NAFLD and mechanistically down-regulated the mRNA/protein expression of core targets in lipid metabolism and inflammation related pathways such as FASN, ACACA, IL-6, and NF-κB. In addition, 12 of 24 potential ingredients acting on verified targets came from BC, and 11 of 24 potential ingredients acting on verified targets were derived from SM, implying that both BC and SM served as the key role in MXD against NAFLD.
Conclusion
The bioinformatics data and in vivo experimental results suggest that the MXD-induced amelioration of NAFLD may be predominantly related to modulation of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Both BC and SM serve as the key role in MXD against NAFLD. These results may provide novel evidence for clinical implication of MXD.
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Wang P, Gao J, Ke W, Wang J, Li D, Liu R, Jia Y, Wang X, Chen X, Chen F, Hu X. Resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice via modulating the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:83-98. [PMID: 32305646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanisms of anti-obesity remain unclear due to its low bioavailability. Recent evidence demonstrates that gut microbiota plays a key role in obesity. This spurred us to investigate whether the anti-obesity effects of RSV are related to modulations in the gut microbiota and metabolic functions. Here, RSV significantly improved metabolic phenotype and intestinal oxidative stress in the high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A multi-omics approach was used to systematically profile the microbial signatures at both the phylogenetic and functional levels using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenome. At the phylogenetic level, RSV treatment significantly modulated the gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed mice, characterized with increased Blautia abundance and decreased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group abundance. At the functional level, RSV significantly decreased the enrichment of pathways linked to host metabolic disease and increased the enrichment of pathways involved in the generation of small metabolites. Besides, the fecal microbiota transplantation experiment showed anti-obesity and microbiota-modulating effects similar to those observed in the oral RSV-feeding experiment. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis and antibiotic treatment verified that 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (3-HPP) were the two gut metabolites of RSV, which contribute to improving lipid metabolism in vitro. Moreover, the content of 4-HPA and 3-HPP exhibited strong correlation with the intestinal oxidative state. We concluded that the RSV-mediated alteration of gut microbiota, related gut metabolites and redox state of the intestinal environment contributed to prevention of metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Weixin Ke
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Daotong Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruolin Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xuehua Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Nguyen NK, Deehan EC, Zhang Z, Jin M, Baskota N, Perez-Muñoz ME, Cole J, Tuncil YE, Seethaler B, Wang T, Laville M, Delzenne NM, Bischoff SC, Hamaker BR, Martínez I, Knights D, Bakal JA, Prado CM, Walter J. Gut microbiota modulation with long-chain corn bran arabinoxylan in adults with overweight and obesity is linked to an individualized temporal increase in fecal propionate. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:118. [PMID: 32814582 PMCID: PMC7439537 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00887-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability in the health effects of dietary fiber might arise from inter-individual differences in the gut microbiota's ability to ferment these substrates into beneficial metabolites. Our understanding of what drives this individuality is vastly incomplete and will require an ecological perspective as microbiomes function as complex inter-connected communities. Here, we performed a parallel two-arm, exploratory randomized controlled trial in 31 adults with overweight and class-I obesity to characterize the effects of long-chain, complex arabinoxylan (n = 15) at high supplementation doses (female: 25 g/day; male: 35 g/day) on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid production as compared to microcrystalline cellulose (n = 16, non-fermentable control), and integrated the findings using an ecological framework. RESULTS Arabinoxylan resulted in a global shift in fecal bacterial community composition, reduced α-diversity, and the promotion of specific taxa, including operational taxonomic units related to Bifidobacterium longum, Blautia obeum, and Prevotella copri. Arabinoxylan further increased fecal propionate concentrations (p = 0.012, Friedman's test), an effect that showed two distinct groupings of temporal responses in participants. The two groups showed differences in compositional shifts of the microbiota (p ≤ 0.025, PERMANOVA), and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses revealed that the propionate response was predictable through shifts and, to a lesser degree, baseline composition of the microbiota. Principal components (PCs) derived from community data were better predictors in MLR models as compared to single taxa, indicating that arabinoxylan fermentation is the result of multi-species interactions within microbiomes. CONCLUSION This study showed that long-chain arabinoxylan modulates both microbiota composition and the output of health-relevant SCFAs, providing information for a more targeted application of this fiber. Variation in propionate production was linked to both compositional shifts and baseline composition, with PCs derived from shifts of the global microbial community showing the strongest associations. These findings constitute a proof-of-concept for the merit of an ecological framework that considers features of the wider gut microbial community for the prediction of metabolic outcomes of dietary fiber fermentation. This provides a basis to personalize the use of dietary fiber in nutritional application and to stratify human populations by relevant gut microbiota features to account for the inconsistent health effects in human intervention studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02322112 , registered on July 3, 2015. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K. Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Edward C. Deehan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710072 People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nami Baskota
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Janis Cole
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Yunus E. Tuncil
- Food Engineering Department, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes and Centre Européen Nutrition Santé, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bruce R. Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Inés Martínez
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Dan Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55455 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Bakal
- Patient Health Outcomes Research and Clinical Effectiveness Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- School of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork–National University of Ireland, Cork, T12 YT20 Ireland
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Zhang C, He X, Sheng Y, Yang C, Xu J, Zheng S, Liu J, Xu W, Luo Y, Huang K. Allicin-induced host-gut microbe interactions improves energy homeostasis. FASEB J 2020; 34:10682-10698. [PMID: 32619085 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001007r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a natural food compound with multiple biological and pharmacological functions. However, the mechanism of beneficial role of Allicin on energy homeostasis is not well studied. Gut microbiota (GM) profoundly affects host metabolism via microbiota-host interactions and coevolution. Here, we investigated the interventions of beneficial microbiome induced by Allicin on energy homeostasis, particularly obesity, and related complications. Interestingly, Allicin treatment significantly improved GM composition and induced the most significant alteration enrichment of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Importantly, transplantation of the Allicin-induced GM to HFD mice (AGMT) played a remarkable role in decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, and ameliorating hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, AGMT was effective in modulating lipid metabolism, activated brown adipose tissues (BATs), induced browning in sWAT, reduced inflammation, and inhibited the degradation of intestinal villi. Mechanically, AGMT significantly increased Blautia [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing microbiota] and Bifidobacterium in HFD mice, also increased the SCFAs in the cecum, which has been proved many beneficial effects on energy homeostasis. Our study highlights that Allicin-induced host-gut microbe interactions plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, which provides a promising potential therapy for obesity and metabolic disorders based on host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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193
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Lin X, Shao T, Huang L, Wen X, Wang M, Wen C, He Z. Simiao Decoction Alleviates Gouty Arthritis by Modulating Proinflammatory Cytokines and the Gut Ecosystem. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 32670069 PMCID: PMC7327538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simiao decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used for thousands of years due to its safety and efficiency in treating gouty arthritis. Utilizing serum proinflammatory cytokines and gut ecosystems, this study elucidated the mechanisms of alleviating gouty arthritis by Simiao decoction. Simiao decoction (4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 g/kg) was orally administered to gouty arthritis mice and febuxostat was given as a positive control. The spleen, kidney, and liver indexes indicated that Simiao decoction was safe for the treatment of gouty arthritis in C57BL/6 mice. Besides, our study demonstrated that Simiao decoction was effective for reducing the level of serum uric acid and decreasing MPO, XOD, and ADA activity, as well as alleviating gouty-related symptoms, such as foot swelling and pain. Moreover, Simiao decoction could also reduce some specific serum proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-9, IFN-γ, MIP-1α and MIP-1β. We then surveyed the effects of Simiao decoction on the gut ecosystems in a systematic manner by combining network pharmacology, ELISA, western blot, and illumina sequencing. In the murine of model of gouty arthritis, Simiao decoction could suppress NLRP3 inflammasomes expression, reduce gut apoptosis through modulating TNF-α, Caspase 8, and AIFM1 protein expressions, affect lipid metabolism by regulating APOB, LPL, PPARα protein expressions and restore gut microbiota via reducing potential pathogens. Overall, these findings suggested that Simiao decoction was an effective therapeutic drug for gouty arthritis and the gut ecosystem might act as a potential anti-inflammatory target of Simiao decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiejuan Shao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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194
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Liu CZ, Chen W, Wang MX, Wang Y, Chen LQ, Zhao F, Shi Y, Liu HJ, Dou XB, Liu C, Chen H. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and American ginseng mixture: A Chinese herbal formulation for gut microbiota modulation. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:446-459. [PMID: 32503736 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A mixture of D. officinale and American ginseng has been shown to enhance cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity, and monocyte/macrophage functions in mice. Here, the effects of a D. officinale and American ginseng mixture on the structure of gut microbial community in dogs were examined using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The data revealed that while the mixture did not change the diversity of gut microbial community significantly, differences among individuals were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the mixture-responsive operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exhibited a phase-dependent expression pattern. Fifty-five OTUs were found to exhibit a mixture-induced expression pattern, among which one third were short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera and the others were probiotic genera included Lactobacillus spp., Sutterella, Alistipes, Anaerovorax, Bilophila, Coprococcus, Gordonibacter, Oscillibacter, among others. By contrast, 36% of the OTUs exhibiting a mixture-repressed expression pattern were disease-associated microorganisms, and six genera, namely Actinomyces, Escherichia/Shigella, Fusobacterium, Slackia, Streptococcus and Solobacterium, were associated with cancer. In addition, five genera were closely associated with diabetes, namely Collinsella, Rothia, Howardella, Slackia and Intestinibacter. Our results indicate that this D. officinale and American ginseng mixture may be used as a prebiotic agent to enhance SCFA-producing genera and prevent gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hangzhou Huqing yu tang Traditional Chinese Medicine Mordernize Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Mei-Xia Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Hangzhou Huqing yu tang Traditional Chinese Medicine Mordernize Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ya Shi
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Sun Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Huan Chen
- Key laboratory of Microbial technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China; NMPA Key laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Zhejiang Institute of Microbiology, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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195
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Zheng L, Chen S, Wang F, Huang S, Liu X, Yang X, Zhou H, Zhao GP, Luo M, Li S, Chen J. Distinct Responses of Gut Microbiota to Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen Decoction Are Associated With Improved Clinical Outcomes in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604. [PMID: 32435197 PMCID: PMC7219274 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. However, the effect of drugs on the gut microbiota of CKD patients and its influence on treatment outcomes remains to be explored. Here, we assessed whether the response of gut microbiota to the traditional Chinese medicine Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen (JPYS) decoction differed from that to piperazine ferulate (PF), a kidney-targeted drug, by 16S rDNA sequencing, and whether the difference could be linked with drug-specific clinical outcomes. We showed that both JPYS and PF improved renal function, but only JPYS was able to restore the blood reticulocyte counting and serum calcium level in CKD rats. We also found that weighted UniFrac beta-diversity of the gut microbiome of the JPYS treated rats was significantly different from that of PF. Microbiome markers of drug-specific response were identified and subjected to correlation network analysis, together with clinical parameters and KEGG pathways. Among the microbiome markers of CKD, Corynebacterium was found to form a network hub that was closely correlated with the JPYS responder Enterococcus, suggesting a potential indirect impact of JPYS on Corynebacterium via interspecies interactions. We also identified two network hubs of the PF responder Blautia and the JPYS-only marker Coprococcus, which were connected with many genera and clinical parameters. They might serve as keystone taxa driving the response of gut microbiota to the drugs and influence host outcomes. Moreover, the JPYS-only marker Clostridium_XIVb was found to be connected to many pathways that are associated with CKD progression and might account for the improved outcomes in the JPYS treated rats. At last, the identified keystone markers of drug response were validated by qPCR for their differential abundance between CKD and the two drugs. Taken together, our study revealed that the responses of gut microbiota to JPYS were distinct from that to PF, and pinpointed drug-specific keystone microbiome markers closely correlated to clinical parameters, which could serve as candidate microbiome targets for further studies on their roles in medicating the drug efficacy of TCM in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fochang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiying Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xilan Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haokui Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Ping Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjing Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shunmin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Hospital Chinese Medicine Preparation, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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196
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Bi R, Gao J, Pan L, Lai X. Progress in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Based on Intestinal Flora Homeostasis and the Advancement of Holistic Analysis Methods. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20918418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism, which is accompanied by alterations in energy metabolism, intestinal bacterial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and others. However, intestinal flora metabolism plays a fundamental role in host metabolism; they are complementary to each other and help maintain homeostasis, thus ensuring the normal operation of the host metabolic system. This suggests that a holistic analysis method would be of great use in the study of the overall metabolism in patients with DM. With this in mind, this review summarizes the mechanism of intestinal flora metabolism regarding the occurrence of DM and assesses the effects of drug treatments on the intestinal flora of patients with diabetes. Based on these results, we combined intestinal flora metabolism with host metabolism to evaluate the necessity and the advantages of holistic metabonomics analyses in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohong Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Lin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xianrong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
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Implication of gut microbiota in the association between infant antibiotic exposure and childhood obesity and adiposity accumulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:1508-1520. [PMID: 32321980 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal studies early life antibiotic exposure causes metabolic abnormalities including obesity through microbiota disruption, but evidence from human studies is scarce. We examined involvement of gut microbiota in the associations between infant antibiotic exposure and childhood adiposity. METHODS Infant antibiotic exposure in the first year of life was ascertained using parental reports during interviewer-administered questionnaires. Primary outcomes were childhood obesity [body mass index (BMI) z-score > 95th percentile] and adiposity [abdominal circumference (AC) and skinfold (triceps + subscapular (SST)) measurements] determined from ages 15-60 months. At age 24 months, when the gut microbiota are more stable, stool samples (n = 392) were collected for the gut microbiota profiling using co-abundancy networks. Associations of antibiotic exposure with obesity and adiposity (n = 1016) were assessed using multiple logistic and linear mixed effects regressions. Key bacteria associated with antibiotics exposure were identified by partial redundancy analysis and multivariate association with linear models. RESULTS Antibiotic exposure was reported in 38% of study infants. In a fully adjusted model, a higher odds of obesity from 15-60 months of age was observed for any antibiotic exposure [OR(95% CI) = 1.45(1.001, 2.14)] and exposure to ≥3 courses of antibiotics [2.78(1.12, 6.87)]. For continuous adiposity indicators, any antibiotic exposure was associated with higher BMI z-score in boys [β = 0.15(0.01, 0.28)] but not girls [β = -0.04(-0.19, 0.11)] (P interaction = 0.026). Similarly, exposure to ≥3 courses of antibiotics was associated with higher AC in boys [1.15(0.05, 2.26) cm] but not girls [0.57(-1.32, 2.45) cm] (P interaction not significant). Repeated exposure to antibiotics was associated with a significant reduction (FDR-corrected P values < 0.05) in a microbial co-abundant group (CAG) represented by Eubacterium hallii, whose proportion was negatively correlated with childhood adiposity. Meanwhile, a CAG represented by Tyzzerella 4 was positively correlated with the repeated use of antibiotics and childhood adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Infant antibiotic exposure was associated with disruption of the gut microbiota and the higher risks of childhood obesity and increased adiposity.
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The Gut Microbial Diversity of Newly Diagnosed Diabetics but Not of Prediabetics Is Significantly Different from That of Healthy Nondiabetics. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00578-19. [PMID: 32234773 PMCID: PMC7112960 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00578-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin dysfunction and abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism. The gut microbiome has been recently identified as an important factor for development of T2D. In this study, a total of 102 subjects were recruited, and we have looked at the gut microbiota of prediabetics (PreDMs) (n = 17), newly diagnosed diabetics (NewDMs) (n = 11), and diabetics on antidiabetic treatment (KnownDMs) (n = 39) and compared them with healthy nondiabetics (ND) (n = 35). Twenty-five different serum biomarkers were measured to assess the status of diabetes and their association with gut microbiota. Our analysis revealed nine different genera as differentially abundant in four study groups. Among them, Akkermansia, Blautia, and Ruminococcus were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, while Lactobacillus was increased in NewDMs compared to ND and recovered in KnownDMs. Akkermansia was inversely correlated with HbA1c and positively correlated with total antioxidants. Compared to ND, there was increased abundance of Megasphaera, Escherichia, and Acidaminococcus and decreased abundance of Sutterella in KnownDMs. Among many taxa known to act as community drivers during disease progression, we observed genus Sutterella as a common driver taxon among all diabetic groups. On the basis of the results of random forest analysis, we found that the genera Akkermansia and Sutterella and that the serum metabolites fasting glucose, HbA1c, methionine, and total antioxidants were highly discriminative factors among studied groups. Taken together, our data revealed that gut microbial diversity of NewDMs but not of PreDMs is significantly different from that of ND. Interestingly, after antidiabetic treatment, the microbial diversity of KnownDMs tends to recover toward that of ND.IMPORTANCE Gut microbiota is considered to play a role in disease progression, and previous studies have reported an association of microbiome dysbiosis with T2D. In this study, we have attempted to investigate gut microbiota of ND, PreDMs, NewDMs, and KnownDMs. We found that the genera Akkermansia and Blautia decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatment-naive diabetics and were restored in KnownDMs on antidiabetic treatment. To the best of our knowledge, comparative studies on shifts in the microbial community in individuals of different diabetic states are lacking. Understanding the transition of microbiota and its association with serum biomarkers in diabetics with different disease states may pave the way for new therapeutic approaches for T2D.
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199
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Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00857-19. [PMID: 32209719 PMCID: PMC7093825 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00857-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. Our results also indicate that these bacterial species might help to reduce inflammation causally linked to obesity-related complications. Childhood is considered a window of opportunity to tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information for the future design of microbiota-based strategies for the early prevention of obesity-related complications. Cross-sectional studies conducted with obese and control subjects have suggested associations between gut microbiota alterations and obesity, but the links with specific disease phenotypes and proofs of causality are still scarce. The present study aimed to profile the gut microbiota of lean and obese children with and without insulin resistance to characterize associations with specific obesity-related complications and understand the role played in metabolic inflammation. Through massive sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons and data analysis using a novel permutation approach, we have detected decreased incidence of Blautia species, especially Blautia luti and B. wexlerae, in the gut microbiota of obese children, which was even more pronounced in cases with both obesity and insulin resistance. There was also a parallel increase in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (gamma interferon [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]) in feces of obese children compared to those of lean ones. B. luti and B. wexlerae were also shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures in vitro, compared to non-obesity-associated species. We suggest that the depletion of B. luti and B. wexlerae species in the gut ecosystem may occur in cases of obesity and contribute to metabolic inflammation leading to insulin resistance. IMPORTANCE Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals. Our results also indicate that these bacterial species might help to reduce inflammation causally linked to obesity-related complications. Childhood is considered a window of opportunity to tackle obesity. These new findings provide, therefore, valuable information for the future design of microbiota-based strategies for the early prevention of obesity-related complications.
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Chang L, Xu D, Zhu J, Ge G, Kong X, Zhou Y. Herbal Therapy for the Treatment of Acetaminophen-Associated Liver Injury: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:313. [PMID: 32218738 PMCID: PMC7078345 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver injury worldwide, and mitochondrial oxidative stress is considered the major event responsible for APAP-associated liver injury (ALI). Despite the identification of N-acetyl cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger that is regarded as an effective clinical treatment, therapeutic effectiveness remains limited due to rapid disease progression and diagnosis at a late phase, which leads to the need to explore various therapeutic approaches. Since the early 1990s, a number of natural products and herbs have been found to have hepatoprotective effects against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in terms of acute liver failure prevention and therapeutic amelioration of ALI. In this review, we summarize the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of medicinal plants, including herbs and fruit extracts, along with future perspectives that may provide guidance to improve the current status of herbal therapy against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongwei Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoni Kong
- Central Laboratory, Department of Liver Diseases, Institute of Clinical Immunology, ShuGuang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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