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Ma W, Geng Y, Liu Y, Pan H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang L. The mechanisms of white matter injury and immune system crosstalk in promoting the progression of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1345918. [PMID: 38863783 PMCID: PMC11165104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1345918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people with some pathological mechanisms including immune disorder, neuroinflammation, white matter injury and abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein, etc. New research suggests that white matter injury may be important in the development of PD, but how inflammation, the immune system, and white matter damage interact to harm dopamine neurons is not yet understood. Therefore, it is particularly important to delve into the crosstalk between immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous system based on the study of white matter damage in PD. This crosstalk could not only exacerbate the pathological process of PD but may also reveal new therapeutic targets. By understanding how immune cells penetrate through the blood-brain barrier and activate inflammatory responses within the central nervous system, we can better grasp the impact of structural destruction of white matter in PD and explore how this process can be modulated to mitigate or combat disease progression. Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and peripheral immune cells (especially T cells) play a central role in its pathological process where these immune cells produce and respond to pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-6(IL-6), and white matter injury causes microglia to become pro-inflammatory and release inflammatory mediators, which attract more immune cells to the damaged area, increasing the inflammatory response. Moreover, white matter damage also causes dysfunction of blood-brain barrier, allows peripheral immune cells and inflammatory factors to invade the brain further, and enhances microglia activation forming a vicious circle that intensifies neuroinflammation. And these factors collectively promote the neuroinflammatory environment and neurodegeneration changes of PD. Overall, these findings not only deepen our understanding of the complexity of PD, but also provide new targets for the development of therapeutic strategies focused on inflammation and immune regulation mechanisms. In summary, this review provided the theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis of PD, summarized the association between white matter damage and the immune cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and then emphasized their potential specific mechanisms of achieving crosstalk with further aggravating the pathological process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Geng
- Xuzhou Clinical School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youhan Liu
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huixin Pan
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglu Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering & Technology of Shandong High School, Qilu Medical University, Zibo, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Graduate School of Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Santiago-Balmaseda A, Aguirre-Orozco A, Valenzuela-Arzeta IE, Villegas-Rojas MM, Pérez-Segura I, Jiménez-Barrios N, Hurtado-Robles E, Rodríguez-Hernández LD, Rivera-German ER, Guerra-Crespo M, Martinez-Fong D, Ledesma-Alonso C, Diaz-Cintra S, Soto-Rojas LO. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Astrocytes. Cells 2024; 13:921. [PMID: 38891053 PMCID: PMC11172252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The astrocyte population, around 50% of human brain cells, plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and functionality of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are vital in orchestrating neuronal development by releasing synaptogenic molecules and eliminating excessive synapses. They also modulate neuronal excitability and contribute to CNS homeostasis, promoting neuronal survival by clearance of neurotransmitters, transporting metabolites, and secreting trophic factors. Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous and respond to CNS injuries and diseases through a process known as reactive astrogliosis, which can contribute to both inflammation and its resolution. Recent evidence has revealed remarkable alterations in astrocyte transcriptomes in response to several diseases, identifying at least two distinct phenotypes called A1 or neurotoxic and A2 or neuroprotective astrocytes. However, due to the vast heterogeneity of these cells, it is limited to classify them into only two phenotypes. This review explores the various physiological and pathophysiological roles, potential markers, and pathways that might be activated in different astrocytic phenotypes. Furthermore, we discuss the astrocyte heterogeneity in the main neurodegenerative diseases and identify potential therapeutic strategies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms in the differentiation and imbalance of the astrocytic population will allow the identification of specific biomarkers and timely therapeutic approaches in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Santiago-Balmaseda
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Annai Aguirre-Orozco
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Irais E. Valenzuela-Arzeta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Marcos M. Villegas-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico 11340, Mexico
| | - Isaac Pérez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Natalie Jiménez-Barrios
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Ernesto Hurtado-Robles
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Luis Daniel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Erick R. Rivera-German
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
| | - Magdalena Guerra-Crespo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Regenerativa, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (I.E.V.-A.); (N.J.-B.); (D.M.-F.)
| | - Carlos Ledesma-Alonso
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Sofía Diaz-Cintra
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Luis O. Soto-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Molecular, Laboratorio 4 Edificio A4, Carrera Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico; (A.S.-B.); (A.A.-O.); (M.M.V.-R.); (I.P.-S.); (E.H.-R.); (L.D.R.-H.); (E.R.R.-G.)
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He C, Li Z, Yu W, Luo R, Zhou J, He J, Chen Q, Song Z, Cheng S. LncRNA TUG1 mediates microglial inflammatory activation by regulating glucose metabolic reprogramming. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12143. [PMID: 38802677 PMCID: PMC11130314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are natural immune cells in the central nervous system, and the activation of microglia is accompanied by a reprogramming of glucose metabolism. In our study, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in regulating microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and activation. BV2 cells were treated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to establish a microglial activation model. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was used as a control. The expression levels of TUG1 mRNA and proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin -6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α mRNA and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, Arginase 1(Arg1), CD206, and Ym1 were detected by RT-qPCR. TUG1 was silenced using TUG1 siRNA and knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9. The mRNA and protein expression levels of key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as Hexokinase2, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Lactate dehydrogenase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, and Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The glycolytic rate of microglial cells was measured using Seahorse. Differential metabolites were determined by metabolomics, and pathway enrichment was performed using these differential metabolites. Our findings revealed that the expression of TUG1 was elevated in proinflammatory-activated microglia and positively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors. The expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, Arg1, CD206, and Ym1 were decreased when induced with LPS/IFN-γ. However, this decrease was reversed by the treatment with 2-DG. Silencing of GAPDH led to an increase in the expression of TUG1 and inflammatory factors. TUG1 knockout (TUG1KO) inhibited the expression of glycolytic key enzymes and promoted the expression of oxidative phosphorylation key enzymes, shifting the metabolic profile of activated microglia from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, TUG1KO reduced the accumulation of metabolites, facilitating the restoration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and enhancing oxidative phosphorylation in microglia. Furthermore, the downregulation of TUG1 was found to reduce the expression of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under normal conditions. Interestingly, when induced with LPS/IFN-γ, TUG1 downregulation showed a potentially beneficial effect on microglia in terms of inflammation. Downregulation of TUG1 expression inhibits glycolysis and facilitates the shift of microglial glucose metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, promoting their transformation towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype and exerting anti-inflammatory effects in BV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine On Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Office of Science & Technology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China.
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Dabrowska S, Turano E, Scambi I, Virla F, Nodari A, Pezzini F, Galiè M, Bonetti B, Mariotti R. A Cellular Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis to Study the Therapeutic Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Microglial Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5707. [PMID: 38891895 PMCID: PMC11171908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive paralysis and death. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation plays an important role in ALS's pathogenesis and disease progression. Neuroinflammatory responses, primarily driven by activated microglia and astrocytes, and followed by infiltrating peripheral immune cells, contribute to exacerbate/accelerate MN death. In particular, the role of the microglia in ALS remains unclear, partly due to the lack of experimental models that can fully recapitulate the complexity of ALS's pathology. In this study, we developed and characterized a microglial cell line, SIM-A9-expressing human mutant protein Cu+/Zn+ superoxide dismutase_1 (SIM-A9hSOD1(G93A)), as a suitable model in vitro mimicking the microglia activity in ALS. The expression of hSOD1(G93A) in SIM-A9 cells induced a change in their metabolic activity, causing polarization into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and enhancing reactive oxygen species production, which is known to activate cell death processes and apoptosis. Afterward, we used our microglial model as an experimental set-up to investigate the therapeutic action of extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-EVs). ASC-EVs represent a promising therapeutic treatment for ALS due to their neuroprotective and immunomodulatory properties. Here, we demonstrated that treatment with ASC-EVs is able to modulate activated ALS microglia, reducing their metabolic activity and polarizing their phenotype toward an anti-inflammatory one through a mechanism of reduction of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dabrowska
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego Street 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Ilaria Scambi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Virla
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Alice Nodari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Pezzini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (Child Neurology and Psychiatry), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Mirco Galiè
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37126 Verona, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Mariotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.D.); (E.T.); (I.S.); (F.V.); (A.N.); (M.G.)
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155
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Nusraty S, Boddeti U, Zaghloul KA, Brown DA. Microglia in Glioblastomas: Molecular Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38893093 PMCID: PMC11171200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15 months following diagnosis. Despite the intense treatment regimen which routinely includes maximal safe neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the disease remains uniformly fatal. The poor prognosis associated with GBM is multifactorial owing to factors such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic switching to glycolytic pathways. Critically, GBM-mediated local and systemic immunosuppression result in inadequate immune surveillance and ultimately, tumor-immune escape. Microglia-the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)-play crucial roles in mediating the local immune response in the brain. Depending on the specific pathological cues, microglia are activated into either a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic phenotype, known as M1, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, known as M2. In either case, microglia secrete corresponding pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that either promote or hinder tumor growth. Herein, we review the interplay between GBM cells and resident microglia with a focus on contemporary studies highlighting the effect of GBM on the subtypes of microglia expressed, the associated cytokines/chemokines secreted, and ultimately, their impact on tumor pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how understanding the intricacies of the tumor-immune landscape can inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Desmond A. Brown
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.); (U.B.); (K.A.Z.)
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156
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Bradford D, Rodgers KE. Advancements and challenges in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1401706. [PMID: 38846716 PMCID: PMC11155303 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1401706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) continues to pose a significant challenge due to the disease complexity and heterogeneous manifestations. Despite recent drug approvals, there remains a critical need for the development of more effective therapies. This review explores the underlying mechanisms involved; including neuroinflammation, glutamate mediated excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hypermetabolism, and how researchers are trying to develop novel drugs to target these pathways. While progress has been made, the unmet need of ALS patients highlights the urgency for continued research and resource allocation in the pursuit of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen E. Rodgers
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Nunes CDJ, Santos CC, Soares EN, Lima IS, Alves UV, Lanna E, Batista R, do Nascimento RP, Costa SL. Methanolic Extract and Brominated Compound from the Brazilian Marine Sponge Aplysina fulva Are Neuroprotective and Modulate Inflammatory Profile of Microglia. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:235. [PMID: 38921546 PMCID: PMC11204514 DOI: 10.3390/md22060235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases involve neuroinflammation and a loss of neurons, leading to disability and death. Hence, the research into new therapies has been focused on the modulation of the inflammatory response mainly by microglia/macrophages. The extracts and metabolites of marine sponges have been presented as anti-inflammatory. This study evaluated the toxicity of an extract and purified compound from the Brazilian marine sponge Aplysina fulva as well as its neuroprotection against inflammatory damage associated with the modulation of microglia response. PC12 neuronal cells and neonatal rat microglia were treated with the methanolic extract of A. fulva (AF-MeOH, 0.1-200 μg/mL) or with its purified dimethyl ketal of 3,5-dibromoverongiaquinol (AF-H1, 0.1-100 μM). Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT tetrazolium, Trypan blue, and propidium iodide; microglia were also treated with the conditioned medium (CM) from PC12 cells in different conditions. The microglia phenotype was determined by the expression of Iba-1 and CD68. AF-MeOH and AF-H1 were not toxic to PC12 or the microglia. Inflammatory damage with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/mL) was not observed in the PC12 cells treated with AF-MeOH (1-10 μg/mL) or AF-H1 (1-10 μM). Microglia subjected to the CM from PC12 cells treated with LPS and AF-MeOH or AF-H1 showed the control phenotype-like (multipolar, low-CD68), highlighting the anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effect of components of this marine sponge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina de Jesus Nunes
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Cinthia Cristina Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Erica Novaes Soares
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Irlã Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Uesley Vieira Alves
- Laboratory of Research in Bioactive Substances (LAPESBI), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (U.V.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Emílio Lanna
- Biology Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Ronan Batista
- Laboratory of Research in Bioactive Substances (LAPESBI), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-115, Bahia, Brazil; (U.V.A.); (R.B.)
| | - Ravena Pereira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology (LabNq), Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Science and Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40231-300, Bahia, Brazil; (C.d.J.N.); (C.C.S.); (E.N.S.); (I.S.L.); (R.P.d.N.)
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pandya VA, Patani R. The role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:381-450. [PMID: 38802179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been considered a neuron-centric disease. This view is now outdated, with increasing recognition of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous contributions of central and peripheral nervous system glia to ALS pathomechanisms. With glial research rapidly accelerating, we comprehensively interrogate the roles of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite glia in nervous system physiology and ALS-associated pathology. Moreover, we highlight the inter-glial, glial-neuronal and inter-system polylogue which constitutes the healthy nervous system and destabilises in disease. We also propose classification based on function for complex glial reactive phenotypes and discuss the pre-requisite for integrative modelling to advance translation. Given the paucity of life-enhancing therapies currently available for ALS patients, we discuss the promising potential of harnessing glia in driving ALS therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virenkumar A Pandya
- University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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159
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Shi Q, Gutierrez RA, Bhat MA. Microglia, Trem2, and Neurodegeneration. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241254118. [PMID: 38769824 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized type of neuroimmune cells that undergo morphological and molecular changes through multiple signaling pathways in response to pathological protein aggregates, neuronal death, tissue injury, or infections. Microglia express Trem2, which serves as a receptor for a multitude of ligands enhancing their phagocytic activity. Trem2 has emerged as a critical modulator of microglial activity, especially in many neurodegenerative disorders. Human TREM2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Trem2 plays dual roles in neuroinflammation and more specifically in disease-associated microglia. Most recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of Trem2, emphasizing its role in uptake and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and other tissue debris to help protect and preserve the brain, are encouraging. Although Trem2 normally stimulates defense mechanisms, its dysregulation can intensify inflammation, which poses major therapeutic challenges. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting Trem2 via agonistic antibodies and gene therapy methodologies present possible avenues for reducing the burden of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the promise of Trem2 as a therapeutic target, especially for Aβ-associated AD, and calls for more mechanistic investigations to understand the context-specific role of microglial Trem2 in developing effective therapies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A Gutierrez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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160
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Iyer AK, Vermunt L, Mirfakhar FS, Minaya M, Acquarone M, Koppisetti RK, Renganathan A, You SF, Danhash EP, Verbeck A, Galasso G, Lee SM, Marsh J, Nana AL, Spina S, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Temple S, Teunissen CE, Sato C, Karch CM. Cell autonomous microglia defects in a stem cell model of frontotemporal dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.15.24307444. [PMID: 38798451 PMCID: PMC11118656 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal dysfunction has been extensively studied as a central feature of neurodegenerative tauopathies. However, across neurodegenerative diseases, there is strong evidence for active involvement of immune cells like microglia in driving disease pathophysiology. Here, we demonstrate that tau mRNA and protein are expressed in microglia in human brains and in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia like cells (iMGLs). Using iMGLs harboring the MAPT IVS10+16 mutation and isogenic controls, we demonstrate that a tau mutation is sufficient to alter microglial transcriptional states. We discovered that MAPT IVS10+16 microglia exhibit cytoskeletal abnormalities, stalled phagocytosis, disrupted TREM2/TYROBP networks, and altered metabolism. Additionally, we found that secretory factors from MAPT IVS10+16 iMGLs impact neuronal health, reducing synaptic density in neurons. Key features observed in vitro were recapitulated in human brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid from MAPT mutations carriers. Together, our findings that MAPT IVS10+16 drives cell-intrinsic dysfunction in microglia that impacts neuronal health has major implications for development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhirami K. Iyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | | | - Miguel Minaya
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mariana Acquarone
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shih-Feng You
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Emma P. Danhash
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Verbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grant Galasso
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alissa L. Nana
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W. Seeley
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo
| | | | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- The Tracy Family Stable Isotope Labeling Quantitation Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Celeste M. Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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161
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Jadhav SP. MicroRNAs in microglia: deciphering their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1391537. [PMID: 38812793 PMCID: PMC11133688 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1391537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the role of microRNAs in microglia and their implications in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia, as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are pivotal in maintaining neural homeostasis and responding to pathological changes. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of miRNAs, small non-coding RNA molecules, in regulating microglial functions. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), dysregulated miRNA expression in microglia contributes to disease progression through various mechanisms such regulation of gene expression, as modulation of cytokine response and phagocytosis. This review synthesizes current knowledge on how miRNAs influence microglial activation, cytokine production, and phagocytic activity. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-155, are explored for their roles in modulating microglial responses in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The study also discusses the impact of miRNA dysregulation on the transition of microglia from a neuroprotective to a neurotoxic phenotype, a critical aspect in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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162
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Munan S, Mondal A, Shailja S, Pati S, Samanta A. Unique Synthetic Strategy for Probing in Situ Lysosomal NO for Screening Neuroinflammatory Phenotypes against SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Phagocytotic Microglia. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7479-7486. [PMID: 38689560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of microglia, brain immune cells promote nitrergic stress by overproducing nitric oxide (NO), leading to neuroinflammation. Furthermore, NO has been linked to COVID-19 progression, which has caused significant morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 infection activates inflammation by releasing excess NO and causing cell death in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3). In addition, NO regulates lysosomal functions and complex machinery to neutralize pathogens through phagocytosis. Therefore, developing lysosome-specific NO probes to monitor phagocytosis in microglia during the COVID-19 infection would be a significant study. Herein, a unique synthetic strategy was adopted to develop a NO selective fluorescent probe, PDM-NO, which can discriminate activated microglia from their resting state. The nonfluorescent PDM-NO exhibits a turn-on response toward NO only at lysosomal pH (4.5-5.5). Quantum chemical calculations (DFT/TD-DFT/PCM) and photophysical study revealed that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process is pivotal in tuning optical properties. PDM-NO demonstrated good biocompatibility and lysosomal specificity in activated HMC3 cells. Moreover, it can effectively map the dynamics of lysosomal NO against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-induced neuroinflammation in HMC3. Thus, PDM-NO is a potential fluorescent marker for detecting RNA virus infection and monitoring phagocytosis in HMC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University (SNIoE), Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Abir Mondal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University (SNIoE), Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Singh Shailja
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Soumya Pati
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University (SNIoE), Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence Deemed to be University (SNIoE), Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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Alkhazaali-Ali Z, Sahab-Negah S, Boroumand AR, Farkhad NK, Khodadoust MA, Tavakol-Afshari J. Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Repeated Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantations in ALS Patients by Investigating Patients' Specific Immunological and Biochemical Biomarkers. Diseases 2024; 12:99. [PMID: 38785754 PMCID: PMC11120501 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable disease. There are vigorous attempts to develop treatments to reduce the effects of this disease, and among these treatments is the transplantation of stem cells. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy cohort as a promising novel treatment modality by estimating some additional new parameters, such as immunological and biochemical factors. METHODS This study was designed as an open-label, one-arm cohort retrospective study to evaluate potential diagnostic biomarkers of repeated infusions of autologous-bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in 15 confirmed patients with ALS, administered at a dose of 1 × 106 cells/kg BW with a one-month interval, in equal amounts in both an intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) capacity simultaneously, via various biochemical (iron (Fe), ferritin, total-iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and creatine kinase (CK)) and immunological parameters (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels, evaluated during the three-month follow-up period in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). RESULTS Our study indicated that, in the case of immunological biomarkers, TNF-α levels in the CSF showed a significant decrease at month three after transplantation compared with levels at month zero, and the p-value was p < 0.01. No statistically significant changes were observed for other immunological as well as biochemical parameters and a p-value of p > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These results can indicate the potential benefit of stem cell transfusion in patients with ALS and suggest some diagnostic biomarkers. Several studies are required to approve these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alkhazaali-Ali
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran
| | - Sajad Sahab-Negah
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran 1708310, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Boroumand
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (S.S.-N.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Najmeh Kaffash Farkhad
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohammad Ali Khodadoust
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Jalil Tavakol-Afshari
- Department of Immunology, Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948959, Iran; (Z.A.-A.); (N.K.F.); (M.A.K.)
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164
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Paing YMM, Eom Y, Song GB, Kim B, Choi MG, Hong S, Lee SH. Neurotoxic effects of polystyrene nanoplastics on memory and microglial activation: Insights from in vivo and in vitro studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171681. [PMID: 38490422 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics, arising from the fragmentation of plastics into environmental pollutants and specialized commercial applications, such as cosmetics, have elicited concerns due to their potential toxicity. Evidence suggests that the oral ingestion of nanoplastics smaller than 100 nm may penetrate the brain and induce neurotoxicity. However, comprehensive research in this area has been hampered by technical challenges associated with the detection and synthesis of nanoplastics. This study aimed to bridge this research gap by successfully synthesizing fluorescent polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs, 30-50 nm) through the incorporation of IR-813 and validating them using various analytical techniques. We administered PSNPs orally (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) to mice and observed that they reached brain tissues and induced cognitive dysfunction, as measured by spatial and fear memory tests, while locomotor and social behaviors remained unaffected. In vitro studies (200 μg/mL) demonstrated a predominant uptake of PSNPs by microglia over astrocytes or neurons, leading to microglial activation, as evidenced by immunostaining of cellular markers and morphological analysis. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that PSNPs altered gene expression in microglia, highlighting neuroinflammatory responses that may contribute to cognitive deficits. To further explore the neurotoxic effects of PSNPs mediated by microglial activation, we measured endogenous neuronal activity using a multi-electrode array in cultured hippocampal neurons. The application of conditioned media from microglia exposed to PSNPs suppressed neuronal activity, which was reversed by inhibitors of microglial activation. Our findings offer detailed insights into the mechanisms by which nanoplastics damage the brain, particularly emphasizing the potential environmental risk factors that contribute to cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunn Me Me Paing
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunkyung Eom
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Bae Song
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Gil Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungguan Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
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165
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Li J, Haj Ebrahimi A, Ali AB. Advances in Therapeutics to Alleviate Cognitive Decline and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5169. [PMID: 38791206 PMCID: PMC11121252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dementia exists as a 'progressive clinical syndrome of deteriorating mental function significant enough to interfere with activities of daily living', with the most prevalent type of dementia being Alzheimer's disease (AD), accounting for about 80% of diagnosed cases. AD is associated with an increased risk of comorbidity with other clinical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) including, agitation, anxiety, and depression as well as increased mortality in late life. For example, up to 70% of patients diagnosed with AD are affected by anxiety. As aging is the major risk factor for AD, this represents a huge global burden in ageing populations. Over the last 10 years, significant efforts have been made to recognize the complexity of AD and understand the aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease as well as biomarkers for early detection. Yet, earlier treatment options, including acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate receptor regulators, have been limited as they work by targeting the symptoms, with only the more recent FDA-approved drugs being designed to target amyloid-β protein with the aim of slowing down the progression of the disease. However, these drugs may only help temporarily, cannot stop or reverse the disease, and do not act by reducing NPS associated with AD. The first-line treatment options for the management of NPS are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs/SNRIs) targeting the monoaminergic system; however, they are not rational drug choices for the management of anxiety disorders since the GABAergic system has a prominent role in their development. Considering the overall treatment failures and side effects of currently available medication, there is an unmet clinical need for rationally designed therapies for anxiety disorders associated with AD. In this review, we summarize the current status of the therapy of AD and aim to highlight novel angles for future drug therapy in our ongoing efforts to alleviate the cognitive deficits and NPS associated with this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Afia B. Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (J.L.); (A.H.E.)
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166
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Meng J, Zhang L, Zhang YW. Microglial Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241252576. [PMID: 38712859 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241252576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in childhood. The molecular mechanisms underlying ASD have not yet been elucidated completely. Evidence has emerged to support a link between microglial dysfunction and the etiology of ASD. This review summarizes current research on microglial dysfunction in neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning, which are associated with altered transcriptomes and autophagy in ASD. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota in ASD and its correlation with microglial dysfunction are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingliang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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167
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Sun M, Rong J, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Liu L, Cai D, Liang F, Zhao L. Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Migraine. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1277-1288. [PMID: 37450927 PMCID: PMC11081170 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a pervasive neurologic disease closely related to neurogenic inflammation. The astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system are vital in inducing neurogenic inflammation in migraine. Recently, it has been found that there may be a crosstalk phenomenon between microglia and astrocytes, which plays a crucial part in the pathology and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system diseases closely related to inflammation, thus becoming a novel hotspot in neuroimmune research. However, the role of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis and treatment of migraine is yet to be discussed. Based on the preliminary literature reports, we have reviewed relevant evidence of the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of migraine and summarized the crosstalk pathways, thereby hoping to provide novel ideas for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsheng Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Rong
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingjun Cai
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanrong Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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168
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Yang Y, Hang W, Li J, Liu T, Hu Y, Fang F, Yan D, McQuillan PM, Wang M, Hu Z. Effect of General Anesthetic Agents on Microglia. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1308-1328. [PMID: 37962460 PMCID: PMC11081156 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of general anesthetic agents (GAAs) on microglia and their potential neurotoxicity have attracted the attention of neuroscientists. Microglia play important roles in the inflammatory process and in neuromodulation of the central nervous system. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a key mechanism of neurocognitive dysfunction during the perioperative period. Microglial activation by GAAs induces anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects in microglia, suggesting that GAAs play a dual role in the mechanism of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Understanding of the mechanisms by which GAAs regulate microglia may help to reduce the incidence of postoperative adverse effects. Here, we review the actions of GAAs on microglia and the consequent changes in microglial function. We summarize clinical and animal studies associating microglia with general anesthesia and describe how GAAs interact with neurons via microglia to further explore the mechanisms of action of GAAs in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Wenxin Hang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Cell Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Fuquan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Dandan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Patrick M. McQuillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Huang Q, Wang Y, Chen S, Liang F. Glycometabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Insights from Neuroinflammation. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1155-1175. [PMID: 37611905 PMCID: PMC11081147 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are conditions defined by progressive deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system. Some major examples include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These diseases lead to various dysfunctions, like impaired cognition, memory, and movement. Chronic neuroinflammation may underlie numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Microglia, an important immunocell in the brain, plays a vital role in defending against neuroinflammation. When exposed to different stimuli, microglia are activated and assume different phenotypes, participating in immune regulation of the nervous system and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The immunological activity of activated microglia is affected by glucose metabolic alterations. However, in the context of chronic neuroinflammation, specific alterations of microglial glucose metabolism and their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Thus, in this paper, we review the glycometabolic reprogramming of microglia in ND. The key molecular targets and main metabolic pathways are the focus of this research. Additionally, this study explores the mechanisms underlying microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming in ND and offers an analysis of the most recent therapeutic advancements. The ultimate aim is to provide insights into the development of potential treatments for ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fengxia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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170
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Serrano PDL, Rodrigues TDPV, Pinto LD, Pereira IC, Farias IB, Cavalheiro RBR, Mendes PM, Peixoto KO, Barile JP, Seneor DD, Correa Silva EG, Oliveira ASB, Pinto WBVDR, Sgobbi P. Assessing Chitinases and Neurofilament Light Chain as Biomarkers for Adult-Onset Leukodystrophies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4309-4323. [PMID: 38785530 PMCID: PMC11120026 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukodystrophies represent a large and complex group of inherited disorders affecting the white matter of the central nervous system. Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) is a rare leukodystrophy which still needs the proper identification of diagnostic, prognostic, and monitoring biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of chitinases and neurofilament light chain as biomarkers for ALSP. A cross-sectional study was performed to analyze cerebrospinal fluid levels of chitinases (chitotriosidase and chitinase 3-like 2) and neurofilament light chain in five different groups: (i) normal health individuals; (ii) patients with definitive diagnosis of ALSP and genetic confirmation; (iii) asymptomatic patients with CSF1R variants; (iv) patients with other adult-onset leukodystrophies; and (v) patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (external control group). Chitinase levels showed a statistical correlation with clinical assessment parameters in ALSP patients. Chitinase levels were also distinct between ALSP and the other leukodystrophies. Significant differences were noted in the levels of chitinases and neurofilament light chain comparing symptomatic (ALSP) and asymptomatic individuals with CSF1R variants. This study is the first to establish chitinases as a potential biomarker for ALSP and confirms neurofilament light chain as a good biomarker for primary microgliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Lima Serrano
- PSEG Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil; (P.d.L.S.); (T.d.P.V.R.); (L.D.P.); (I.C.P.); (E.G.C.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | | | - Leslyê Donato Pinto
- PSEG Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil; (P.d.L.S.); (T.d.P.V.R.); (L.D.P.); (I.C.P.); (E.G.C.S.)
| | - Indiara Correia Pereira
- PSEG Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil; (P.d.L.S.); (T.d.P.V.R.); (L.D.P.); (I.C.P.); (E.G.C.S.)
| | - Igor Braga Farias
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Renan Brandão Rambaldi Cavalheiro
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Patrícia Marques Mendes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Kaliny Oliveira Peixoto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - João Paulo Barile
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Daniel Delgado Seneor
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | | | - Acary Souza Bulle Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Wladimir Bocca Vieira de Rezende Pinto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
| | - Paulo Sgobbi
- PSEG Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil; (P.d.L.S.); (T.d.P.V.R.); (L.D.P.); (I.C.P.); (E.G.C.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-060, SP, Brazil; (I.B.F.); (R.B.R.C.); (P.M.M.); (K.O.P.); (J.P.B.); (D.D.S.); (A.S.B.O.); (W.B.V.d.R.P.)
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171
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Xu J, Yu SJ, Sun S, Li YP, Zhang X, Jin K, Jin ZB. Enhanced innate responses in microglia derived from retinoblastoma patient-specific iPSCs. Glia 2024; 72:872-884. [PMID: 38258347 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
RB1 deficiency leads to retinoblastoma (Rb), the most prevalent intraocular malignancy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are related to local inflammation disorder, particularly by increasing cytokines and immune escape. Microglia, the unique resident macrophages for retinal homeostasis, are the most important immune cells of Rb. However, whether RB1 deficiency affects microglial function remain unknown. In this study, microglia were successfully differentiated from Rb patient- derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and then we investigated the function of RB1 in microglia by live imaging phagocytosis assay, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA and retina organoids/microglia co-culturing. RB1 was abundantly expressed in microglia and predominantly located in the nucleus. We then examined the phagocytosis ability and secretion function of iMGs in vitro. We found that RB1 deficiency did not affect the expression of microglia-specific markers or the phagocytic abilities of these cells by live-imaging. Upon LPS stimulation, RB1-deficient microglia displayed enhanced innate immune responses, as evidenced by activated MAPK signaling pathway and elevated expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels, compared to wildtype microglia. Furthermore, retinal structure disruption was observed when retinal organoids were co-cultured with RB1-deficient microglia, highlighting the potential contribution of microglia to Rb development and potential therapeutic strategies for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jian Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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172
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Xia Y, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Jiang D, Zhu Y, Liang X, Sun R. Circulating cytokines and vascular dementia: A bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112394. [PMID: 38452989 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are associated with the development of vascular dementia (VaD). Circulating cytokines modulate the inflammatory response and are important for the immune system. To further elucidate the role of the immune system in VaD, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to comprehensively and bi-directionally assess the role of circulating cytokines in VaD. Using state-of-the-art genome-wide association studies, we primarily assessed whether different genetic levels of 41 circulating cytokines affect the risk of developing VaD and, in turn, whether the genetic risk of VaD affects these circulating cytokines. We used inverse variance weighting (IVW) and several other MR methods to assess the bidirectional causality between circulating cytokines and VaD, and performed sensitivity analyses. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was inversely associated with VaD risk [odds ratio (OR): 0.74, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.60-0.92, P = 0.007, 0.007]. VaD was associated with seven circulating cytokines: macrophage inflammatory protein 1b (MIP-1 beta) [OR: 1.05, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08, P = 0.009], Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12) [OR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.08, P = 0.047], Interleukin-17 (IL-17) [OR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.038], Interleukin-7 (IL-7) [OR: 1.07, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.12, P = 0.009], Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) [OR: 1.03, 95 % CI: 1.00-1.07, P = 0.046], Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GCSF) [OR: 1.06, 95 % CI: 1.02-1.09, P = 0.001], Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [P = 0.001], and Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [P = 0.001]. Fibroblast growth factor basic (FGF-Basic) [OR: 1.04, 95 % CI: 1.01-1.08, P = 0.02] were positively correlated. Circulating cytokines are associated with VaD, and further studies are needed to determine whether they are effective targets for intervention to prevent or treat VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuge Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Zhirui Xu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yicong Zhang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing 100055, China
| | - Dongli Jiang
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yunyi Zhu
- Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
| | - Xiaolun Liang
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China.
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173
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Kaminska P, Ovesen PL, Jakiel M, Obrebski T, Schmidt V, Draminski M, Bilska AG, Bieniek M, Anink J, Paterczyk B, Jensen AMG, Piatek S, Andersen OM, Aronica E, Willnow TE, Kaminska B, Dabrowski MJ, Malik AR. SorLA restricts TNFα release from microglia to shape a glioma-supportive brain microenvironment. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:2278-2305. [PMID: 38499808 PMCID: PMC11094098 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
SorLA, encoded by the gene SORL1, is an intracellular sorting receptor of the VPS10P domain receptor gene family. Although SorLA is best recognized for its ability to shuttle target proteins between intracellular compartments in neurons, recent data suggest that also its microglial expression can be of high relevance for the pathogenesis of brain diseases, including glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we interrogated the impact of SorLA on the functional properties of glioma-associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs). In the GBM microenvironment, GAMs are re-programmed and lose the ability to elicit anti-tumor responses. Instead, they acquire a glioma-supporting phenotype, which is a key mechanism promoting glioma progression. Our re-analysis of published scRNA-seq data from GBM patients revealed that functional phenotypes of GAMs are linked to the level of SORL1 expression, which was further confirmed using in vitro models. Moreover, we demonstrate that SorLA restrains secretion of TNFα from microglia to restrict the inflammatory potential of these cells. Finally, we show that loss of SorLA exacerbates the pro-inflammatory response of microglia in the murine model of glioma and suppresses tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaminska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter L Ovesen
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mateusz Jakiel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Computer Science, 01-248, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Obrebski
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Aleksandra G Bilska
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jasper Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bohdan Paterczyk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Piatek
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olav M Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, 2103 SW, Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas E Willnow
- Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna R Malik
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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174
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Shippy DC, Oliai SF, Ulland TK. Zinc utilization by microglia in Alzheimer's disease. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107306. [PMID: 38648940 PMCID: PMC11103939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia defined by two key pathological characteristics in the brain, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Microglia, the primary innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), provide neuroprotection through Aβ and tau clearance but may also be neurotoxic by promoting neuroinflammation to exacerbate Aβ and tau pathogenesis in AD. Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of microglial utilization of nutrients and trace metals in controlling their activation and effector functions. Trace metals, such as zinc, have essential roles in brain health and immunity, and zinc dyshomeostasis has been implicated in AD pathogenesis. As a result of these advances, the mechanisms by which zinc homeostasis influences microglial-mediated neuroinflammation in AD is a topic of continuing interest since new strategies to treat AD are needed. Here, we review the roles of zinc in AD, including zinc activation of microglia, the associated neuroinflammatory response, and the application of these findings in new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Shippy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sophia F Oliai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tyler K Ulland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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175
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Zhang Y, Huang P, Cao M, Chen Y, Zhao X, He X, Xu L. ATAT1 deficiency enhances microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis and hematoma absorption following intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1072-1077. [PMID: 37862210 PMCID: PMC10749593 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MIcroglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage. Dynamic cytoskeletal changes accompany phagocytosis. However, whether and how these changes are associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated erythrophagocytosis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of acetylated α-tubulin, a stabilized microtubule form, in microglia/macrophage erythrophagocytosis after intracerebral hemorrhage both in vitro and in vivo. We first assessed the function of acetylated α-tubulin in erythrophagocytosis using primary DiO GFP-labeled red blood cells co-cultured with the BV2 microglia or RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines. Acetylated α-tubulin expression was significantly decreased in BV2 and RAW264.7 cells during erythrophagocytosis. Moreover, silencing α-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1), a newly discovered α-tubulin acetyltransferase, decreased Ac-α-tub levels and enhanced the erythrophagocytosis by BV2 and RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with these findings, in ATAT1-/- mice, we observed increased ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) and Perls-positive microglia/macrophage phagocytes of red blood cells in peri-hematoma and reduced hematoma volume in mice with intracerebral hemorrhage. Additionally, knocking out ATAT1 alleviated neuronal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines around the hematoma, ultimately improving neurological recovery of mice after intracerebral hemorrhage. These findings suggest that ATAT1 deficiency accelerates erythrophagocytosis by microglia/macrophages and hematoma absorption after intracerebral hemorrhage. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of hematoma clearance and suggest ATAT1 as a potential target for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinhu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuzhi He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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176
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Zengeler KE, Lukens JR. Microglia pack a toolbox for life. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:338-345. [PMID: 38616144 PMCID: PMC11088496 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
After decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The same themes often match that of other tissue-resident macrophages, presenting an opportunity to apply known concepts as therapeutics develop. We argue that microglial signaling during development and neurologic disease overlap with one another and with other tissue-resident macrophage pathways, in part due to similar sensed stimuli and a conserved sensome of receptors and signaling molecules, akin to a toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Zengeler
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - John R Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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177
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Field SE, Curle AJ, Barker RA. Inflammation and Huntington's disease - a neglected therapeutic target? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:451-467. [PMID: 38758356 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2348738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Huntington's Disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no disease-modifying treatment. One of several underlying mechanisms proposed to be involved in HD pathogenesis is inflammation; there is now accumulating evidence that the immune system may play an integral role in disease pathology and progression. As such, modulation of the immune system could be a potential therapeutic target for HD. AREAS COVERED To date, the number of trials targeting immune aspects of HD has been limited. However, targeting it, may have great advantages over other therapeutic areas, given that many drugs already exist that have actions in this system coupled to the fact that inflammation can be measured both peripherally and, to some extent, centrally using CSF and PET imaging. In this review, we look at evidence that the immune system and the newly emerging area of the microbiome are altered in HD patients, and then present and discuss clinical trials that have targeted different parts of the immune system. EXPERT OPINION We then conclude by discussing how this field might develop going forward, focusing on the role of imaging and other biomarkers to monitor central immune activation and response to novel treatments in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Field
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annabel J Curle
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, and MRC-WT Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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178
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Bai Y, Cai Y, Chang D, Li D, Huo X, Zhu T. Immunotherapy for depression: Recent insights and future targets. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108624. [PMID: 38442780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Depression stands as a prominent contributor to global disability, entailing an elevated risk of suicide. Substantial evidence supports the notion that immune dysregulation may play a role in the development of depression and impede responses to antidepressant treatments. Immune dysregulation may cause depression in susceptible individuals through raising inflammatory responses. Differences in immune cell types and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators are observed in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with major depressive disorder, which is associated with neuroimmune dysfunction. Therefore, the interaction of peripheral and central immune targets in depression needs to be understood. Urgent attention is required for the development of innovative therapeutics directed at modulating immune responses for the treatment of depression. This review delineates the immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of depression, assesses the therapeutic potential of immune system targeting for depression treatment, and deliberates on the merits and constraints of employing immunotherapy in the management of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Daxing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinchen Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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179
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Kang YJ, Hyeon SJ, McQuade A, Lim J, Baek SH, Diep YN, Do KV, Jeon Y, Jo D, Lee CJ, Blurton‐Jones M, Ryu H, Cho H. Neurotoxic Microglial Activation via IFNγ-Induced Nrf2 Reduction Exacerbating Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304357. [PMID: 38482922 PMCID: PMC11132036 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microglial neuroinflammation appears to be neuroprotective in the early pathological stage, yet neurotoxic, which often precedes neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains unclear how the microglial activities transit to the neurotoxic state during AD progression, due to complex neuron-glia interactions. Here, the mechanism of detrimental microgliosis in AD by employing 3D human AD mini-brains, brain tissues of AD patients, and 5XFAD mice is explored. In the human and animal AD models, amyloid-beta (Aβ)-overexpressing neurons and reactive astrocytes produce interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and excessive oxidative stress. IFNγ results in the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the upregulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (Keap1) in microglia, which inactivate nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and sensitize microglia to the oxidative stress and induces a proinflammatory microglia via nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-axis. The proinflammatory microglia in turn produce neurotoxic nitric oxide and proinflammatory mediators exacerbating synaptic impairment, phosphorylated-tau accumulation, and discernable neuronal loss. Interestingly, recovering Nrf2 in the microglia prevents the activation of proinflammatory microglia and significantly blocks the tauopathy in AD minibrains. Taken together, it is envisioned that IFNγ-driven Nrf2 downregulation in microglia as a key target to ameliorate AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Center for Brain DisordersBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA94158USA
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Jiwoon Lim
- IBS SchoolUniversity of Science and Technology (UST)Daejeon34114Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34126Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Baek
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Khanh V. Do
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Jeon
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Gyu Jo
- School of PharmacySungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and TechnologySungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul16419Republic of Korea
| | - C. Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and SocialityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)Daejeon34126Republic of Korea
| | - Mathew Blurton‐Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & BehaviorUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research CenterUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological DisordersUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Center for Brain DisordersBrain Science InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul02792Republic of Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of BiophysicsSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare ConvergenceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonGyeonggi16419Republic of Korea
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180
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Khan Z, Mehan S, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Immune System Dysregulation in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Neuroscience 2024; 548:9-26. [PMID: 38692349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a prevalent neurological disorder, predominantly affects young adults and is characterized by chronic autoimmune activity. The study explores the immune system dysregulation in MS, highlighting the crucial roles of immune and non-neuronal cells in the disease's progression. This review examines the dual role of cytokines, with some like IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) promoting inflammation and CNS tissue injury, and others such as IL-4, IL-10, IL-37, and TGF-β fostering remyelination and protecting against MS. Elevated chemokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), including CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCL13, and fractalkine, are analyzed for their role in facilitating immune cell migration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), worsening inflammation and neurodegeneration. The study also delves into the impact of auto-antibodies targeting myelin components like MOG and AQP4, which activate complement cascades leading to further myelin destruction. The article discusses how compromised BBB integrity allows immune cells and inflammatory mediators to infiltrate the CNS, intensifying MS symptoms. It also examines the involvement of astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes in the disease's progression. Additionally, the effectiveness of immunomodulatory drugs such as IFN-β and CD20-targeting monoclonal antibodies (e.g., rituximab) in modulating immune responses is reviewed, highlighting their potential to reduce relapse rates and delaying MS progression. These insights emphasize the importance of immune system dysfunction in MS development and progression, guiding the development of new therapeutic strategies. The study underscores recent advancements in understanding MS's molecular pathways, opening avenues for more targeted and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144603, India), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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181
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Han T, Xu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Cheng X, Shen Y, Wei J. Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4920. [PMID: 38732130 PMCID: PMC11084589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), as a neurologically implemented disease with complex etiological factors, has a complex and variable pathogenesis. Accompanying further research, neuroinflammation has been found to be one of the possible factors in its pathogenesis. Microglia, as intrinsic immune cells in the brain, play an important role in maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis in the brain. However, over-activation of neurotoxic microglia in PD promotes neuroinflammation, which further increases dopaminergic (DA) neuronal damage and exacerbates the disease process. Therefore, targeting and regulating the functional state of microglia is expected to be a potential avenue for PD treatment. In addition, plant extracts have shown great potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders due to their abundant resources, mild effects, and the presence of multiple active ingredients. However, it is worth noting that some natural products have certain toxic side effects, so it is necessary to pay attention to distinguish medicinal ingredients and usage and dosage when using to avoid aggravating the progression of diseases. In this review, the roles of microglia with different functional states in PD and the related pathways inducing microglia to transform into neuroprotective states are described. At the same time, it is discussed that abscisic acid (ABA) may regulate the polarization of microglia by targeting them, promote their transformation into neuroprotective state, reduce the neuroinflammatory response in PD, and provide a new idea for the treatment of PD and the selection of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Han
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Haixuan Liu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiangshu Cheng
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; (T.H.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (X.C.)
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182
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Sofield CE, Anderton RS, Gorecki AM. Mind over Microplastics: Exploring Microplastic-Induced Gut Disruption and Gut-Brain-Axis Consequences. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4186-4202. [PMID: 38785524 PMCID: PMC11120006 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As environmental plastic waste degrades, it creates an abundance of diverse microplastic particles. Consequently, microplastics contaminate drinking water and many staple food products, meaning the oral ingestion of microplastics is an important exposure route for the human population. Microplastics have long been considered inert, however their ability to promote microbial dysbiosis as well as gut inflammation and dysfunction suggests they are more noxious than first thought. More alarmingly, there is evidence for microplastics permeating from the gut throughout the body, with adverse effects on the immune and nervous systems. Coupled with the now-accepted role of the gut-brain axis in neurodegeneration, these findings support the hypothesis that this ubiquitous environmental pollutant is contributing to the rising incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This comprehensive narrative review explores the consequences of oral microplastic exposure on the gut-brain-axis by considering current evidence for gastrointestinal uptake and disruption, immune activation, translocation throughout the body, and neurological effects. As microplastics are now a permanent feature of the global environment, understanding their effects on the gut, brain, and whole body will facilitate critical further research and inform policy changes aimed at reducing any adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Sofield
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Ryan S. Anderton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia
| | - Anastazja M. Gorecki
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia; (C.E.S.); (R.S.A.)
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183
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Chen T, Huang X, Zhao YX, Zhou ZW, Zhou WS. NEAT1 inhibits the angiogenic activity of cerebral arterial endothelial cells by inducing the M1 polarization of microglia through the AMPK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:62. [PMID: 38684954 PMCID: PMC11059773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing angiogenesis may be an effective strategy to promote functional recovery after ischemic stroke. Inflammation regulates angiogenesis. Microglia are crucial cells that initiate inflammatory responses after various brain injuries. Long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) plays a role in regulating brain injury. This study aimed to explore the effects of NEAT1-regulated microglial polarization on the neovascularization capacity of cerebrovascular endothelial cells and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. METHODS Mouse cerebral arterial endothelial cells (mCAECs) were co-cultured with BV-2 cells in different groups using a Transwell system. NEAT1 expression levels were measured by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, Arg-1, IL-4, and IL-10 were determined using ELISA. Expression levels of CD86 and CD163 were detected by immunofluorescence. The neovascularization capacity of mCAECs was assessed using CCK-8, Transwell, Transwell-matrigel, and tube formation assays. Label-free quantification proteomics was carried out to identify differentially expressed proteins. Protein levels were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS NEAT1 overexpression induced M1 polarization in BV-2 cells, whereas NEAT1 knockdown blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization in microglia. NEAT1-overexpressing BV-2 cells suppressed the angiogenic ability of mCAECs, and NEAT1-knocking BV-2 cells promoted the angiogenic ability of mCAECs under lipopolysaccharide treatment. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis identified 144 upregulated and 131 downregulated proteins that were induced by NEAT1 overexpression. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway was enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of the differentially expressed proteins. Further verification showed that NEAT1 inactivated the AMPK signaling pathway. Moreover, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide reversed the effect of NEAT1 on BV-2 polarization and the regulatory effect of NEAT1-overexpressing BV-2 cells on the angiogenic ability of mCAECs. CONCLUSIONS NEAT1 inhibits the angiogenic activity of mCAECs by inducing M1 polarization of BV-2 cells through the AMPK signaling pathway. This study further clarified the impact and mechanism of NEAT1 on microglia and the angiogenic ability of cerebrovascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Wen-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China.
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184
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Henry RJ, Barrett JP, Vaida M, Khan NZ, Makarevich O, Ritzel RM, Faden AI, Stoica BA. Interaction of high-fat diet and brain trauma alters adipose tissue macrophages and brain microglia associated with exacerbated cognitive dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:113. [PMID: 38685031 PMCID: PMC11058055 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Detailed analyses of transcriptomic changes in the brain and adipose tissue were performed to elucidate the interactive effects between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and TBI. Adult male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to experimental TBI and continuing after injury. High-throughput transcriptomic analysis using Nanostring panels of the total visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and cellular components in the brain, followed by unsupervised clustering, principal component analysis, and IPA pathway analysis were used to determine shifts in gene expression patterns and molecular pathway activity. Cellular populations in the cortex and hippocampus, as well as in VAT, during the chronic phase after combined TBI-HFD showed amplification of central and peripheral microglia/macrophage responses, including superadditive changes in selected gene expression signatures and pathways. Furthermore, combined TBI and HFD caused additive dysfunction in Y-Maze, Novel Object Recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) cognitive function tests. These novel data suggest that HFD-induced obesity and TBI can independently prime and support the development of altered states in brain microglia and VAT, including the disease-associated microglia/macrophage (DAM) phenotype observed in neurodegenerative disorders. The interaction between HFD and TBI promotes a shift toward chronic reactive microglia/macrophage transcriptomic signatures and associated pro-inflammatory disease-altered states that may, in part, underlie the exacerbation of cognitive deficits. Thus, targeting of HFD-induced reactive cellular phenotypes, including in peripheral adipose tissue immune cell populations, may serve to reduce microglial maladaptive states after TBI, attenuating post-traumatic neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Henry
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - James P Barrett
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Vaida
- Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, 326 Market St, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Niaz Z Khan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oleg Makarevich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Department of Anesthesiology and Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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185
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Chinnathambi S, Chidambaram H. G-protein coupled receptors regulates Tauopathy in neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:467-493. [PMID: 38960483 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, the microtubule-associated protein, Tau misfolds to form aggregates and filaments in the intra- and extracellular region of neuronal cells. Microglial cells are the resident brain macrophage cells involved in constant surveillance and activated by the extracellular deposits. Purinergic receptors are involved in the chemotactic migration of microglial cells towards the site of inflammation. From our recent study, we have observed that the microglial P2Y12 receptor is involved in phagocytosis of full-length Tau species such as monomers, oligomers and aggregates by actin-driven chemotaxis. This study shows the interaction of repeat-domain of Tau (TauRD) with the microglial P2Y12 receptor and the corresponding residues for interaction have been analyzed by various in-silico approaches. In the cellular studies, TauRD was found to interact with microglial P2Y12R and induces its cellular expression confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the P2Y12R-mediated TauRD internalization has demonstrated activation of microglia with an increase in the Iba1 level, and TauRD becomes accumulated at the peri-nuclear region for the degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hariharakrishnan Chidambaram
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Institute of National Importance, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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186
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Fu TC, Wang GR, Li YX, Xu ZF, Wang C, Zhang RC, Ma QT, Ma YJ, Guo Y, Dai XY, Guo Y. Mobilizing endogenous neuroprotection: the mechanism of the protective effect of acupuncture on the brain after stroke. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1181670. [PMID: 38737099 PMCID: PMC11084281 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1181670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Given its high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates, ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease posing a substantial public health threat. Although early thrombolytic therapy is effective in IS treatment, the limited time frame for its administration presents a formidable challenge. Upon occurrence, IS triggers an ischemic cascade response, inducing the brain to generate endogenous protective mechanisms against excitotoxicity and inflammation, among other pathological processes. Stroke patients often experience limited recovery stages. As a result, activating their innate self-protective capacity [endogenous brain protection (EBP)] is essential for neurological function recovery. Acupuncture has exhibited clinical efficacy in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) treatment by promoting the human body's self-preservation and "Zheng Qi" (a term in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) describing positive capabilities such as self-immunity, self-recovery, and disease prevention). According to research, acupuncture can modulate astrocyte activity, decrease oxidative stress (OS), and protect neurons by inhibiting excitotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis via activating endogenous protective mechanisms within the brain. Furthermore, acupuncture was found to modulate microglia transformation, thereby reducing inflammation and autoimmune responses, as well as promoting blood flow restoration by regulating the vasculature or the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, the precise mechanism underlying these processes remains unclear. Consequently, this review aims to shed light on the potential acupuncture-induced endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms by critically examining experimental evidence on the preventive and therapeutic effects exerted by acupuncture on CIS. This review offers a theoretical foundation for acupuncture-based stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-cong Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guan-ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-xuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-fang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Can Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Run-chen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-tao Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-jing Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-yu Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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187
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Ye Y, Cheng H, Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang LD, Tang J. Macrophage: A key player in neuropathic pain. Int Rev Immunol 2024; 43:326-339. [PMID: 38661566 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2344170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Research on the relationship between macrophages and neuropathic pain has flourished in the past two decades. It has long been believed that macrophages are strong immune effector cells that play well-established roles in tissue homeostasis and lesions, such as promoting the initiation and progression of tissue injury and improving wound healing and tissue remodeling in a variety of pathogenesis-related diseases. They are also heterogeneous and versatile cells that can switch phenotypically/functionally in response to the micro-environment signals. Apart from microglia (resident macrophages of both the spinal cord and brain), which are required for the neuropathic pain processing of the CNS, neuropathic pain signals in PNS are influenced by the interaction of tissue-resident macrophages and BM infiltrating macrophages with primary afferent neurons. And the current review looks at new evidence that suggests sexual dimorphism in neuropathic pain are caused by variations in the immune system, notably macrophages, rather than the neurological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Dong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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188
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Thompson LJP, Genovese J, Hong Z, Singh MV, Singh VB. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Look into Cellular and Molecular Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4697. [PMID: 38731913 PMCID: PMC11083163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) limiting HIV replication to undetectable levels in the blood, people living with HIV continue to experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND is associated with neurocognitive impairment, including motor impairment, and memory loss. HIV has been detected in the brain within 8 days of estimated exposure and the mechanisms for this early entry are being actively studied. Once having entered into the central nervous system (CNS), HIV degrades the blood-brain barrier through the production of its gp120 and Tat proteins. These proteins are directly toxic to endothelial cells and neurons, and propagate inflammatory cytokines by the activation of immune cells and dysregulation of tight junction proteins. The BBB breakdown is associated with the progression of neurocognitive disease. One of the main hurdles for treatment for HAND is the latent pool of cells, which are insensitive to cART and prolong inflammation by harboring the provirus in long-lived cells that can reactivate, causing damage. Multiple strategies are being studied to combat the latent pool and HAND; however, clinically, these approaches have been insufficient and require further revisions. The goal of this paper is to aggregate the known mechanisms and challenges associated with HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Genovese
- Department of Life Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Zhenzi Hong
- Department of Life Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Meera Vir Singh
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vir Bahadur Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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189
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Vandermeulen L, Geric I, Fumagalli L, Kreir M, Lu A, Nonneman A, Premereur J, Wolfs L, Policarpo R, Fattorelli N, De Bondt A, Van Den Wyngaert I, Asselbergh B, Fiers M, De Strooper B, d'Ydewalle C, Mancuso R. Regulation of human microglial gene expression and function via RNAase-H active antisense oligonucleotides in vivo in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:37. [PMID: 38654375 PMCID: PMC11040766 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00725-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia play important roles in maintaining brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. The discovery of genetic variants in genes predominately or exclusively expressed in myeloid cells, such as Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), as the strongest risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) highlights the importance of microglial biology in the brain. The sequence, structure and function of several microglial proteins are poorly conserved across species, which has hampered the development of strategies aiming to modulate the expression of specific microglial genes. One way to target APOE and TREM2 is to modulate their expression using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). METHODS In this study, we identified, produced, and tested novel, selective and potent ASOs for human APOE and TREM2. We used a combination of in vitro iPSC-microglia models, as well as microglial xenotransplanted mice to provide proof of activity in human microglial in vivo. RESULTS We proved their efficacy in human iPSC microglia in vitro, as well as their pharmacological activity in vivo in a xenografted microglia model. We demonstrate ASOs targeting human microglia can modify their transcriptional profile and their response to amyloid-β plaques in vivo in a model of AD. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first proof-of-concept that human microglial can be modulated using ASOs in a dose-dependent manner to manipulate microglia phenotypes and response to neurodegeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Vandermeulen
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ivana Geric
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Kreir
- Preclinical Development & Safety, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Annelies Nonneman
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jessie Premereur
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Wolfs
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Rafaela Policarpo
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicola Fattorelli
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - An De Bondt
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Den Wyngaert
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bob Asselbergh
- Neuromics Support Facility, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Neuromics Support Facility, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Constantin d'Ydewalle
- Neuroscience Discovery, Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Renzo Mancuso
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
- MIND Lab, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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190
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Di Martino E, Ambikan A, Ramsköld D, Umekawa T, Giatrellis S, Vacondio D, Romero AL, Galán MG, Sandberg R, Ådén U, Lauschke VM, Neogi U, Blomgren K, Kele J. Inflammatory, metabolic, and sex-dependent gene-regulatory dynamics of microglia and macrophages in neonatal hippocampus after hypoxia-ischemia. iScience 2024; 27:109346. [PMID: 38500830 PMCID: PMC10945260 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of perinatal death and long-term disabilities worldwide. Post-ischemic neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in HI pathophysiology. In the present study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of microglia (CX3CR1GFP/+) and infiltrating macrophages (CCR2RFP/+) in the hippocampi of mice subjected to HI at postnatal day 9. Using inflammatory pathway and transcription factor (TF) analyses, we identified a distinct post-ischemic response in CCR2RFP/+ cells characterized by differential gene expression in sensome, homeostatic, matrisome, lipid metabolic, and inflammatory molecular signatures. Three days after injury, transcriptomic signatures of CX3CR1GFP/+ and CCR2RFP/+ cells isolated from hippocampi showed a partial convergence. Interestingly, microglia-specific genes in CX3CR1GFP/+ cells showed a sexual dimorphism, where expression returned to control levels in males but not in females during the experimental time frame. These results highlight the importance of further investigations on metabolic rewiring to pave the way for future interventions in asphyxiated neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Martino
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anoop Ambikan
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramsköld
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Umekawa
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarantis Giatrellis
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Vacondio
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marta Gómez Galán
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
- Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Team Neurovascular Biology and Health, Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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191
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Sun L, Wilke Saliba S, Apweiler M, Akmermer K, Herlan C, Grathwol C, de Oliveira ACP, Normann C, Jung N, Bräse S, Fiebich BL. Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Macrocyclic Peptide-Peptoid Hybrid in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4462. [PMID: 38674048 PMCID: PMC11049839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation processes of the central nervous system (CNS) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of several neurological and psychiatric disorders like depression. These processes are characterized by the activation of glia cells, such as microglia. Clinical studies showed a decrease in symptoms associated with the mentioned diseases after the treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, the investigation of novel anti-inflammatory drugs could hold substantial potential in the treatment of disorders with a neuroinflammatory background. In this in vitro study, we report the anti-inflammatory effects of a novel hexacyclic peptide-peptoid hybrid in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. The macrocyclic compound X15856 significantly suppressed Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), c-c motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), and CXCL10 expression and release in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of the compound are partially explained by the modulation of the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), p42/44 MAPK (ERK 1/2), protein kinase C (PKC), and the nuclear factor (NF)-κB, respectively. Due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory properties, this compound emerges as an encouraging option for additional research and potential utilization in disorders influenced by inflammation, such as depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soraya Wilke Saliba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Apweiler
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kamil Akmermer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.A.); (C.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudine Herlan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.A.); (C.H.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Grathwol
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Claus Normann
- Mechanisms of Depression Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.A.); (C.H.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.A.); (C.H.); (S.B.)
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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192
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Hedley KE, Cuskelly A, Callister RJ, Horvat JC, Hodgson DM, Tadros MA. The medulla oblongata shows a sex-specific inflammatory response to systemic neonatal lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 389:578316. [PMID: 38394966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Early life inflammation has been linked to long-term modulation of behavioural outcomes due to the central nervous system, but it is now becoming apparent it is also linked to dysfunction of visceral physiology. The medulla oblongata contains a number of nuclei critical for homeostasis, therefore we utilised the well-established model of neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure to examine the immediate and long-term impacts of systemic inflammation on the medulla oblongata. Wistar rats were injected with LPS or saline on postnatal days 3 and 5, with tissues collected on postnatal days 7 or 90 in order to assess expression of inflammatory mediators and microglial morphology in autonomic regions of the medulla oblongata. We observed a distinct sex-specific response of all measured inflammatory mediators at both ages, as well as significant neonatal sex differences in inflammatory mediators within saline groups. At both ages, microglial morphology had significant changes in branch length and soma size in a sex-specific manner in response to LPS exposure. This data not only highlights the strong sex-specific response of neonates to LPS administration, but also the significant life-long impact on the medulla oblongata and the potential altered control of visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateleen E Hedley
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Annalisa Cuskelly
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Education, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert J Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Deborah M Hodgson
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa A Tadros
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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193
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Heavener K, Kabra K, Yidenk M, Bradshaw E. IL-1RA Disrupts ATP Activation of P2RX7 in Human Monocyte-Derived Microglia-like Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.08.588607. [PMID: 38645234 PMCID: PMC11030313 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.08.588607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The immune system has a dynamic role in neurodegenerative diseases, and purinergic receptors allow immune cells to recognize neuronal signaling, cell injury, or stress. Purinergic Receptor 7 (P2RX7) can modulate inflammatory cascades and its expression is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain tissue. P2RX7 expression is enriched in microglia, and elevated levels are found in microglia surrounding amyloid-beta plaques in the brain. While P2RX7 is thought to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, how it modulates pathology and disease progression is not well understood. Here, we utilize a human monocyte-derived microglia-like cell (MDMi) model to interrogate P2RX7 activation and downstream consequences on microglia function. By using MDMi derived from human donors, we can examine how human donor variation impacts microglia function. We assessed P2RX7-driven IL1β and IL18 production and amyloid-beta peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42) uptake levels. Our results show that ATP-stimulation of MDMi triggers upregulation of IL1β and IL18 expression. This upregulation of cytokine gene expression is blocked with the A740003 P2RX7 antagonist. We find that high extracellular ATP conditions also reduced MDMi capacity for Aβ1-42 uptake, and this loss of function is prevented through A740003 inhibition of P2RX7. In addition, pretreatment of MDMi with IL-1RA limited ATP-driven IL1β and IL18 gene expression upregulation, indicating that ATP immunomodulation of P2RX7 is IL-1R dependent. Aβ1-42 uptake was higher with IL-1RA pretreatment compared to ATP treatment alone, suggesting P2RX7 regulates phagocytic engulfment through IL-1 signaling. Overall, our results demonstrate that P2RX7 is a key response protein for high extracellular ATP in human microglia-like cells, and its function can be modulated by IL-1 signaling. This work opens the door to future studies examining anti-IL-1 biologics to increase the clearance of amyloid-beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Heavener
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Khushbu Kabra
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maedot Yidenk
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bradshaw
- Division of Translational Neurobiology, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- The Carol and Gene Ludwig Center for Research on Neurodegeneration, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Departments of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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194
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Li M, Gao S, Wen Y, Yong L, Tao L. Promotion of 14-3-3ζ/Heme Oxygenase-1 Axis on Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis and Microglia Ferroptosis in Mice. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38607656 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2328784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveitis is a common, sight-threatening inflammatory ocular disease and is the main cause of blindness, which is caused by autoimmune response, infection, and injury. The contribution of 14-3-3ζ in uveitis remains obscure. This study aims to investigate the role of 14-3-3ζ in regulating ferroptosis in retinal inflammation and its contribution to uveitis. METHODS A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced uveitis mouse model and BV-2 cell line were used to examine the effect of LPS stimulation on the expression of 14-3-3ζ and ferroptosis in microglia. The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also analyzed to understand its role in promoting microglial ferroptosis. RESULTS We found that LPS stimulation increased the expression of 14-3-3ζ and promoted ferroptosis in microglia. Additionally, 14-3-3ζ was found to promote microglial ferroptosis by stabilizing the expression of HO-1. These findings suggest that the 14-3-3ζ/HO-1 axis plays a crucial role in promoting microglial ferroptosis in retinal inflammation. CONCLUSION The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying uveitis and highlights the potential of the 14-3-3ζ/HO-1 axis as a therapeutic target for the disease. Further research in this area could lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Yong
- Stem Cell Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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195
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Pallarés-Moratalla C, Bergers G. The ins and outs of microglial cells in brain health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305087. [PMID: 38665919 PMCID: PMC11043497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the brain's resident macrophages that play pivotal roles in immune surveillance and maintaining homeostasis of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia are functionally implicated in various cerebrovascular diseases, including stroke, aneurysm, and tumorigenesis as they regulate neuroinflammatory responses and tissue repair processes. Here, we review the manifold functions of microglia in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions, primarily focusing on the implication of microglia in glioma propagation and progression. We further review the current status of therapies targeting microglial cells, including their re-education, depletion, and re-population approaches as therapeutic options to improve patient outcomes for various neurological and neuroinflammatory disorders, including cancer.
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196
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Leal-Nazaré CG, Arrifano GP, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Barthelemy JL, Soares-Silva I, Crespo-Lopez ME, Augusto-Oliveira M. Methylmercury neurotoxicity: Beyond the neurocentric view. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170939. [PMID: 38365040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic metal widely used in human activities worldwide, therefore considered a global public health problem. Many cases of mercury intoxication have occurred in history and represent a huge challenge nowadays. Of particular importance is its methylated form, methylmercury (MeHg). This mercurial species induces damage to several organs in the human body, especially to the central nervous system. Neurological impairments such as executive, memory, motor and visual deficits are associated with MeHg neurotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms involved in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity include excitotoxicity due to glutamatergic imbalance, disturbance in calcium homeostasis and oxidative balance, failure in synaptic support, and inflammatory response. Although neurons are largely affected by MeHg intoxication, they only represent half of the brain cells. Glial cells represent roughly 50 % of the brain cells and are key elements in the functioning of the central nervous system. Particularly, astrocytes and microglia are deeply involved in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, resulting in distinct neurological outcomes depending on the context. In this review, we discuss the main findings on astroglial and microglial involvement as mediators of neuroprotective and neurotoxic responses to MeHg intoxication. The literature shows that these responses depend on chemical and morphophysiological features, thus, we present some insights for future investigations, considering the particularities of the context, including time and dose of exposure, brain region, and species of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Gustavo Leal-Nazaré
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Arrifano
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopes-Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leticia Santos-Sacramento
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jean Ludger Barthelemy
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Isabela Soares-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Marcus Augusto-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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197
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Lee AC, Cherkerzian S, Tofail F, Folger LV, Ahmed S, Rahman S, Chowdhury NH, Khanam R, Olson I, Oken E, Fichorova R, Nelson CA, Baqui AH, Inder T. Perinatal inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in Bangladesh. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03101-x. [PMID: 38589559 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03101-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the impact of perinatal inflammation on child neurodevelopment in low-middle income countries and among growth-restricted infants. METHODS Population-based, prospective birth cohort study of 288 infants from July 2016-March 2017 in Sylhet, Bangladesh. Umbilical cord blood was analyzed for interleukin(IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and C-reactive protein(CRP). Child neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months with Bayley-III Scales of Infant Development. We determined associations between cord blood inflammation and neurodevelopmental outcomes, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS 248/288 (86%) live born infants were followed until 24 months, among whom 8.9% were preterm and 45.0% small-for-gestational-age(SGA) at birth. Among all infants, elevated concentrations (>75%) of CRP and IL-6 at birth were associated with increased odds of fine motor delay at 24 months; elevated CRP was also associated with lower receptive communication z-scores. Among SGA infants, elevated IL-1α was associated with cognitive delay, IL-8 with language delay, CRP with lower receptive communication z-scores, and IL-1β with lower expressive communication and motor z-scores. CONCLUSIONS In rural Bangladesh, perinatal inflammation was associated with impaired neurodevelopment at 24 months. The associations were strongest among SGA infants and noted across several biomarkers and domains, supporting the neurobiological role of inflammation in adverse fetal development, particularly in the setting of fetal growth restriction. IMPACT Cord blood inflammation was associated with fine motor and language delays at 24 months of age in a community-based cohort in rural Bangladesh. 23.4 million infants are born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) globally each year. Among SGA infants, the associations between cord blood inflammation and adverse outcomes were strong and consistent across several biomarkers and neurodevelopmental domains (cognitive, motor, language), supporting the neurobiological impact of inflammation prominent in growth-restricted infants. Prenatal interventions to prevent intrauterine growth restriction are needed in low- and middle-income countries and may also result in long-term benefits on child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cc Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fahmida Tofail
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Lian V Folger
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Sayedur Rahman
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rasheda Khanam
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ingrid Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Raina Fichorova
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Abdullah H Baqui
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Terrie Inder
- Center for Neonatal Research, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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198
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Zhang F, Chen B, Ren W, Yan Y, Zheng X, Jin S, Chang Y. Association analysis of dopaminergic degeneration and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1377994. [PMID: 38650864 PMCID: PMC11033456 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1377994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Peripheral inflammatory responses are suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a new recognized biomarker, can reflect peripheral inflammation in PD. However, the association between the NLR and dopaminergic degeneration in PD remains unclear. Methods In this retrospective study, 101 enrolled PD patients were categorized into early-stage and advanced-stage PD based on the Hoehn and Yahr (HY) scale. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, peripheral immune profile, and 11C-CFT striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding levels. Linear regression analyses were employed to assess the associations between NLR and striatal DAT levels at different stages in PD patients. Results Covariate-controlled regression analysis revealed that higher NLR was significantly associated with lower DAT levels in the caudate (β = -0.27, p = 0.003) and the putamen (β = -0.27, p = 0.011). Moreover, in the early-stage PD subgroup, a similar association was observed (caudate: β = -0.37, p = 0.013; putamen: β = -0.45, p = 0.005). The lymphocytes count was correlated positively with the striatal DAT levels in the Spearman correlation analysis whether in total patients (caudate: ρ = 0.25, p = 0.013; putamen: ρ = 0.22, p = 0.026) or in the early-stage subgroup (caudate: ρ = 0.31, p = 0.023, putamen: ρ = 0.34, p = 0.011). Conclusion Dopaminergic degeneration is associated with peripheral inflammation in PD. The NLR, a widely used inflammatory marker, may have the potential to reflect the degree of dopaminergic degeneration in individuals with early-stage PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yayun Yan
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuxian Jin
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Chang
- Departments of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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199
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Liu H, Li J, Wang X, Luo S, Luo D, Ge W, Ma C. Profiling of long non-coding RNAs in hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields: impact of RN7SL1 on neuroimmune response modulation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:84. [PMID: 38582873 PMCID: PMC10999094 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as the predominant cause of dementia, and neuroimmune processes play a pivotal role in its pathological progression. The involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AD has attracted widespread attention. Herein, transcriptomic analysis of 262 unique samples extracted from five hippocampal-entorhinal system subfields of individuals with AD pathology and without AD pathology revealed distinctive lncRNA expression profiles. Through differential expression and coexpression analyses, we identified 16 pivotal lncRNAs. Notably, RN7SL1 knockdown significantly modulated microglial responses upon oligomeric amyloid-β stimulation, resulting in a considerable decrease in proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent neuronal damage. These findings highlight RN7SL1 as an essential neuroimmune-related lncRNA that could serve as a prospective target for AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyou Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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200
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Min J, Zheng H, Xia H, Tian X, Liang M, Zhang J, Huang W. Ruxolitinib attenuates microglial inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176403. [PMID: 38354846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the physiological and pathological processes of numerous neurological diseases, and its inhibition seems to be a promising therapeutic direction for these diseases. Ruxolitinib is a classical Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that is oral, highly potent and bioavailable, which has recently gained approval from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The potential inhibitory effect of ruxolitinib on neuroinflammation has not been fully studied. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuroinflammatory cell model, we observed that ruxolitinib reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Nuclear factor-κ B (MAPK/NF-κB) signaling pathway. Similarly, mice injected intracerebroventricular with ruxolitinib exhibited significantly reduced LPS-stimulated activation of microglia and astrocytes, and expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. These results demonstrate that ruxolitinib attenuates the neuroinflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro, at least in part by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that ruxolitinib may serve as a potential drug for the treatment of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Min
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heye Xia
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meihao Liang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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