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Ghio AJ, Soukup JM, Dailey LA, Madden MC. Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:38-55. [PMID: 32092410 PMCID: PMC8274387 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ghio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joleen M Soukup
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Dailey
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael C Madden
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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152
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Serra M, Columbano A, Ammarah U, Mazzone M, Menga A. Understanding Metal Dynamics Between Cancer Cells and Macrophages: Competition or Synergism? Front Oncol 2020; 10:646. [PMID: 32426284 PMCID: PMC7203474 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal ions, such as selenium, copper, zinc, and iron are naturally present in the environment (air, drinking water, and food) and are vital for cellular functions at chemical, molecular, and biological levels. These trace elements are involved in various biochemical reactions by acting as cofactors for many enzymes and control important biological processes by binding to the receptors and transcription factors. Moreover, they are essential for the stabilization of the cellular structures and for the maintenance of genome stability. A body of preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that dysregulation of metal homeostasis, both at intracellular and tissue level, contributes to the pathogenesis of many different types of cancer. These trace minerals play a crucial role in preventing or accelerating neoplastic cell transformation and in modulating the inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic response in immune cells, such as macrophages, by controlling a plethora of metabolic reactions. In this context, macrophages and cancer cells interact in different manners and some of these interactions are modulated by availability of metals. The current review discusses the new findings and focuses on the involvement of these micronutrients in metabolic and cellular signaling mechanisms that influence macrophage functions, onset of cancer and its progression. An improved understanding of "metallic" cross-talk between macrophages and cancer cells may pave the way for innovative pharmaceutical or dietary interventions in order to restore the balance of these trace elements and also strengthen the chemotherapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ummi Ammarah
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center – MBC, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center – MBC, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center – MBC, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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153
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Oliveira MC, Coutinho LB, Almeida MPO, Briceño MP, Araujo ECB, Silva NM. The Availability of Iron Is Involved in the Murine Experimental Toxoplasma gondii Infection Outcome. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040560. [PMID: 32295126 PMCID: PMC7232304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an important constituent of our environment, being necessary for both mammalian and pathogenic protozoa survival. Iron-containing proteins exert a wide range of biological processes such as biodegradation and biosynthesis, as well as immune function, fetal development, and physical and mental well-being. This work aimed to investigate the effect of iron deprivation in Toxoplasma gondii infection outcome. C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and treated with an iron chelator, deferoxamine, or supplemented with iron (ferrous sulfate), and the parasitism as well as immunological and histological parameters were analyzed. It was observed that the infection increased iron accumulation in the organs, as well as systemically, and deferoxamine treatment diminished the iron content in serum samples and intestine. The deferoxamine treatment decreased the parasitism and inflammatory alterations in the small intestine and lung. Additionally, they partially preserved the Paneth cells and decreased the intestinal dysbiosis. The ferrous sulfate supplementation, despite not significantly increasing the parasite load in the organs, increased the inflammatory alterations in the liver. Together, our results suggest that iron chelation, which is commonly used to treat iron overload, could be a promising medicine to control T. gondii proliferation, mainly in the small intestine, and consequently inflammation caused by infection.
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154
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Piperno A, Pelucchi S, Mariani R. Inherited iron overload disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 5:25. [PMID: 32258529 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2019.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary iron overload includes several disorders characterized by iron accumulation in tissues, organs, or even single cells or subcellular compartments. They are determined by mutations in genes directly involved in hepcidin regulation, cellular iron uptake, management and export, iron transport and storage. Systemic forms are characterized by increased serum ferritin with or without high transferrin saturation, and with or without functional iron deficient anemia. Hemochromatosis includes five different genetic forms all characterized by high transferrin saturation and serum ferritin, but with different penetrance and expression. Mutations in HFE, HFE2, HAMP and TFR2 lead to inadequate or severely reduced hepcidin synthesis that, in turn, induces increased intestinal iron absorption and macrophage iron release leading to tissue iron overload. The severity of hepcidin down-regulation defines the severity of iron overload and clinical complications. Hemochromatosis type 4 is caused by dominant gain-of-function mutations of ferroportin preventing hepcidin-ferroportin binding and leading to hepcidin resistance. Ferroportin disease is due to loss-of-function mutation of SLC40A1 that impairs the iron export efficiency of ferroportin, causes iron retention in reticuloendothelial cell and hyperferritinemia with normal transferrin saturation. Aceruloplasminemia is caused by defective iron release from storage and lead to mild microcytic anemia, low serum iron, and iron retention in several organs including the brain, causing severe neurological manifestations. Atransferrinemia and DMT1 deficiency are characterized by iron deficient erythropoiesis, severe microcytic anemia with high transferrin saturation and parenchymal iron overload due to secondary hepcidin suppression. Diagnosis of the different forms of hereditary iron overload disorders involves a sequential strategy that combines clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic data. Management of iron overload relies on two main therapies: blood removal and iron chelators. Specific therapeutic options are indicated in patients with atransferrinemia, DMT1 deficiency and aceruloplasminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piperno
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Sara Pelucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mariani
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Disorder of Iron Metabolism, ASST-Monza, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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155
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Ci YZ, Li H, You LH, Jin Y, Zhou R, Gao G, Hoi MPM, Wang C, Chang YZ, Yu P. Iron overload induced by IRP2 gene knockout aggravates symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 134:104657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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156
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Kondaiah P, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R. Zinc induces iron egress from intestinal Caco-2 cells via induction of Hephaestin: A role for PI3K in intestinal iron absorption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:987-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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157
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Enhanced insulin signaling and its downstream effects in iron-overloaded primary hepatocytes from hepcidin knock-out mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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158
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Restelli LM, Oettinghaus B, Halliday M, Agca C, Licci M, Sironi L, Savoia C, Hench J, Tolnay M, Neutzner A, Schmidt A, Eckert A, Mallucci G, Scorrano L, Frank S. Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction Activates the Integrated Stress Response to Induce Fibroblast Growth Factor 21. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1407-1414. [PMID: 30089252 PMCID: PMC6092266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress adaptation is essential for neuronal health. While the fundamental role of mitochondria in neuronal development has been demonstrated, it is still not clear how adult neurons respond to alterations in mitochondrial function and how neurons sense, signal, and respond to dysfunction of mitochondria and their interacting organelles. Here, we show that neuron-specific, inducible in vivo ablation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 causes ER stress, resulting in activation of the integrated stress response to culminate in neuronal expression of the cytokine Fgf21. Neuron-derived Fgf21 induction occurs also in murine models of tauopathy and prion disease, highlighting the potential of this cytokine as an early biomarker for latent neurodegenerative conditions. Neuronal Drp1 ablation is sensed by branches of the integrated stress response (ISR) Activation of the ISR induces catabolic cytokine Fgf21 in the brain Brain Fgf21 induced in neurodegeneration models may be a potential biomarker
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Michelle Restelli
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Björn Oettinghaus
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Mark Halliday
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Cavit Agca
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Maria Licci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Lara Sironi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Savoia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy
| | - Jürgen Hench
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Departments of Biomedicine and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Anne Eckert
- University Psychiatric Clinics, Basel 4025, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua 35121, Italy; Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua 35129, Italy
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
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159
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Romero AM, Ramos-Alonso L, Alepuz P, Puig S, Martínez-Pastor MT. Global translational repression induced by iron deficiency in yeast depends on the Gcn2/eIF2α pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:233. [PMID: 31937829 PMCID: PMC6959253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for all eukaryotic organisms because it participates as a redox active cofactor in a wide range of biological processes, including protein synthesis. Translation is probably the most energy consuming process in cells. Therefore, one of the initial responses of eukaryotic cells to stress or nutrient limitation is the arrest of mRNA translation. In first instance, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to iron deficiency by activating iron acquisition and remodeling cellular metabolism in order to prioritize essential over non-essential iron-dependent processes. We have determined that, despite a global decrease in transcription, mRNA translation is actively maintained during a short-term exposure to iron scarcity. However, a more severe iron deficiency condition induces a global repression of translation. Our results indicate that the Gcn2-eIF2α pathway limits general translation at its initiation step during iron deficiency. This bulk translational inhibition depends on the uncharged tRNA sensing Gcn1-Gcn20 complex. The involvement of the Gcn2-eIF2α pathway in the response to iron deficiency highlights its central role in the eukaryotic response to stress or nutritional deprivation, which is conserved from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia María Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.,ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino 7, E-46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Teresa Martínez-Pastor
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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160
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Cai Z, Xian P, Lin R, Cheng Y, Lian T, Ma Q, Nian H. Characterization of the Soybean GmIREG Family Genes and the Function of GmIREG3 in Conferring Tolerance to Aluminum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E497. [PMID: 31941034 PMCID: PMC7013977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The IREG (IRON REGULATED/ferroportin) family of genes plays vital roles in regulating the homeostasis of iron and conferring metal stress. This study aims to identify soybean IREG family genes and characterize the function of GmIREG3 in conferring tolerance to aluminum stress. Bioinformatics and expression analyses were conducted to identify six soybean IREG family genes. One GmIREG, whose expression was significantly enhanced by aluminum stress, GmIREG3, was studied in more detail to determine its possible role in conferring tolerance to such stress. In total, six potential IREG-encoding genes with the domain of Ferroportin1 (PF06963) were characterized in the soybean genome. Analysis of the GmIREG3 root tissue expression patterns, subcellular localizations, and root relative elongation and aluminum content of transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing GmIREG3 demonstrated that GmIREG3 is a tonoplast localization protein that increases transgenic Arabidopsis aluminum resistance but does not alter tolerance to Co and Ni. The systematic analysis of the GmIREG gene family reported herein provides valuable information for further studies on the biological roles of GmIREGs in conferring tolerance to metal stress. GmIREG3 contributes to aluminum resistance and plays a role similar to that of FeIREG3. The functions of other GmIREG genes need to be further clarified in terms of whether they confer tolerance to metal stress or other biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peiqi Xian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongbin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanbo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qibin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Z.C.); (P.X.); (R.L.); (Y.C.); (T.L.); (Q.M.)
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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161
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Zhang H, Li Y, Pu M, Xu P, Liang G, Yu D. Oryza sativa POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE 2 (OsPRI2) and OsPRI3 are involved in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:261-274. [PMID: 31674679 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth development and plays a key role in regulating numerous cellular processes. In rice, OsHRZ1, an Fe-binding ubiquitin ligase, is a putative sensor of Fe homeostasis that negatively regulates iron acquisition. Despite its apparent importance, only a single basic-Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor, OsPRI1, has been identified as a direct target of OsHRZ1. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized OsPRI2 and OsPRI3, two paralogs of OsPRI1, observing that they directly interact with OsHRZ1. Additional analyses suggested that OsHRZ1 promotes the degradation of OsPRI2 and OsPRI3. The translocation of Fe from roots to shoots was impaired in plants with loss-of-function mutations in OsPRI2 or OsPRI3, causing the downregulation of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes. In contrast, overexpression of OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 promotes Fe accumulation and activates the expression of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes. We also provide evidence that OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 bind to the promoters of OsIRO2 and OsIRO3, two key regulators of Fe homeostasis. Moreover, OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 directly induce expression of the metal-nicotianamine transporter, OsYSL2, by associating with the promoter in response to Fe deficiency. Our results provide insights into the complex network regulating Fe homeostasis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Mengna Pu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Gang Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
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162
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Erastin, a ferroptosis-inducing agent, sensitized cancer cells to X-ray irradiation via glutathione starvation in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225931. [PMID: 31800616 PMCID: PMC6892486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High concentrations of antioxidants in cancer cells are huge obstacle in cancer radiotherapy. Erastin was first discovered as an inducer of iron-dependent cell death called ferroptosis accompanied by antioxidant depletion caused by cystine glutamate antiporter inhibition. Therefore, treatment with erastin is expected to potentially enhance cellular radiosensitivity. In this study, we investigated the influence of treatment with erastin on the radiation efficiency against cancers. The clonogenic ability, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and glutathione concentration were evaluated using HeLa and NCI-H1975 adenocarcinoma cell lines treated with erastin and/or X-ray irradiation. For in vivo studies, NCI-H1975 cells were transplanted in the left shoulder of nude mice, and then radiosensitizing effect of erastin and glutathione concentration in the cancer were evaluated. Treatment with erastin induced ferroptosis and decreased the concentration of glutathione and GPX4 protein expression levels in the two tumor cell lines. Moreover, erastin enhanced X-ray irradiation-induced cell death in both human tumor cell lines. Furthermore, erastin treatment of a tumor-transplanted mouse model similarly demonstrated the radiosensitizing effect and decrease in intratumoral glutathione concentration in the in vitro study. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the radiosensitizing effect of erastin on two adenocarcinoma cell lines and the tumor xenograft model accompanied by glutathione depletion, indicating that ferroptosis inducers that reduce glutathione concentration could be applied as a novel cancer therapy in combination with radiotherapy.
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163
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Cozzi A, Orellana DI, Santambrogio P, Rubio A, Cancellieri C, Giannelli S, Ripamonti M, Taverna S, Di Lullo G, Rovida E, Ferrari M, Forni GL, Fiorillo C, Broccoli V, Levi S. Stem Cell Modeling of Neuroferritinopathy Reveals Iron as a Determinant of Senescence and Ferroptosis during Neuronal Aging. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:832-846. [PMID: 31587993 PMCID: PMC6893074 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroferritinopathy (NF) is a movement disorder caused by alterations in the L-ferritin gene that generate cytosolic free iron. NF is a unique pathophysiological model for determining the direct consequences of cell iron dysregulation. We established lines of induced pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts from two NF patients and one isogenic control obtained by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. NF fibroblasts, neural progenitors, and neurons exhibited the presence of increased cytosolic iron, which was also detectable as: ferritin aggregates, alterations in the iron parameters, oxidative damage, and the onset of a senescence phenotype, particularly severe in the neurons. In this spontaneous senescence model, NF cells had impaired survival and died by ferroptosis. Thus, non-ferritin-bound iron is sufficient per se to cause both cell senescence and ferroptotic cell death in human fibroblasts and neurons. These results provide strong evidence supporting the primary role of iron in neuronal aging and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cozzi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel I Orellana
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Santambrogio
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Alicia Rubio
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cancellieri
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Giannelli
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Ripamonti
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Taverna
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Di Lullo
- Tumour Immunology, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanna Rovida
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ferrari
- Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Forni
- Centre for Congenital Anaemias, Iron Dysmetabolism Galliera Hospital Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology, Gaslini Institute, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Stem Cells and Neurogenesis Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Levi
- Proteomic of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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164
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Barman-Aksözen J, Halloy F, Iyer PS, Schümperli D, Minder AE, Hall J, Minder EI, Schneider-Yin X. Delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 expression in combination with iron as modifiers of disease severity in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:304-308. [PMID: 31076252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in ferrochelatase (FECH), the last enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, leads to an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) that causes a severely painful phototoxic reaction of the skin in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Besides phototoxicity of the skin, EPP patients often present with symptoms of iron deficiency in form of a microcytic and hypochromic anemia with low serum iron and ferritin. In addition, elevated aminolevulinic acid synthase 2 (ALAS2) both at the mRNA and protein levels have been observed among EPP patients. ALAS is the first enzyme in the pathway and exists in two isoforms, whereby the isoform 2 (ALAS2) is expressed exclusively in erythropoiesis. The mRNA of ALAS2 contains an iron response element (IRE) at its 5'UTR. When iron is limited, iron response element binding protein 2 (IRP2) binds to the IRE of ALAS2 mRNA and suppresses its translation. In this study, we demonstrated that iron deprivation increased the amount of ALAS2 mRNA as well as the ratio of ALAS2 to FECH mRNAs in cultured erythroleukemic K562 cells. At the protein level, however, iron deprivation in the cell line caused reductions in both enzymes as shown by the Western blot analysis. A comparable increase in the ratio of ALAS2 to FECH mRNAs was also found in EPP patients indicating an imbalance in heme biosynthesis. As iron cannot be completely missing from an organism, we assume that in EPP patients, a certain amount of ALAS2 mRNA is translated despite a partial deficiency of FECH. The increase in ALAS2 enzyme contributes to the accumulation in PPIX in the patients. Targeted inhibition of ALAS2 could therefore be a treatment option for EPP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francois Halloy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, The Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pavithra S Iyer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, The Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schümperli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, The Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Elisabeth Minder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Hall
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, The Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth I Minder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Hospital Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoye Schneider-Yin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland.
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165
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ROS-mediated autophagy increases intracellular iron levels and ferroptosis by ferritin and transferrin receptor regulation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:822. [PMID: 31659150 PMCID: PMC6817894 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in which the accumulation of intracellular iron promotes lipid peroxidation, leading to cell death. Recently, the induction of autophagy has been suggested during ferroptosis. However, this relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis is still controversial and the autophagy-inducing mediator remains unknown. In this study, we confirmed that autophagy is indeed induced by the ferroptosis inducer erastin. Furthermore, we show that autophagy leads to iron-dependent ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin and induction of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression, using wild-type and autophagy-deficient cells, BECN1+/− and LC3B−/−. Consistently, autophagy deficiency caused depletion of intracellular iron and reduced lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell survival during erastin-induced ferroptosis. We further identified that autophagy was triggered by erastin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ferroptosis. These data provide evidence that ROS-induced autophagy is a key regulator of ferritin degradation and TfR1 expression during ferroptosis. Our study thus contributes toward our understanding of the ferroptotic processes and also helps resolve some of the controversies associated with this phenomenon.
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166
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Ironing the mitochondria: Relevance to its dynamics. Mitochondrion 2019; 50:82-87. [PMID: 31669623 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrion is "jack of many trades and master of one". Despite being a master in energy generation, it plays a significant role in other cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis, cell death, and iron metabolism. Since mitochondria employ the majority of cellular iron, it plays a central role in the iron homeostasis. Iron could be a major regulator of mitochondrial dynamics as the excess of iron leads to oxidative stress, which causes a disturbance in mitochondrial dynamics. Remarkably, abnormal iron accumulation has been observed in the brain regions of the neurodegenerative disorders patients. These neurodegenerative disorders are also often associated with the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics. Here in this article, we will mainly discuss the studies focused on unravelling the role of iron in mitochondrial dynamics.
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167
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Iron-Related Parameters are Altered Between C57BL/6N and C57BL/6J Mus Musculus Wild-Type Substrains. Hemasphere 2019; 3:e304. [PMID: 31976478 PMCID: PMC6924556 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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168
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Kuppers DA, Arora S, Lim Y, Lim AR, Carter LM, Corrin PD, Plaisier CL, Basom R, Delrow JJ, Wang S, Hansen He H, Torok-Storb B, Hsieh AC, Paddison PJ. N 6-methyladenosine mRNA marking promotes selective translation of regulons required for human erythropoiesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4596. [PMID: 31601799 PMCID: PMC6787028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the regulatory features governing erythrocyte specification, maturation, and associated disorders remain enigmatic. To identify new regulators of erythropoiesis, we utilize a functional genomic screen for genes affecting expression of the erythroid marker CD235a/GYPA. Among validating hits are genes coding for the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methyltransferase (MTase) complex, including, METTL14, METTL3, and WTAP. We demonstrate that m6A MTase activity promotes erythroid gene expression programs through selective translation of ~300 m6A marked mRNAs, including those coding for SETD histone methyltransferases, ribosomal components, and polyA RNA binding proteins. Remarkably, loss of m6A marks results in dramatic loss of H3K4me3 marks across key erythroid-specific KLF1 transcriptional targets (e.g., Heme biosynthesis genes). Further, each m6A MTase subunit and a subset of their mRNAs targets are required for human erythroid specification in primary bone-marrow derived progenitors. Thus, m6A mRNA marks promote the translation of a network of genes required for human erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kuppers
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yiting Lim
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andrea R Lim
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lucas M Carter
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Philip D Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Christopher L Plaisier
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Ryan Basom
- Genomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Delrow
- Genomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Beverly Torok-Storb
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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169
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Jiang S, Fang X, Liu M, Ni Y, Ma W, Zhao R. MiR-20b Down-Regulates Intestinal Ferroportin Expression In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101135. [PMID: 31554201 PMCID: PMC6829237 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (FPN) is the only known cellular iron exporter in mammalian. However, post-transcriptional regulation of intestinal FPN has not yet been completely understood. In this study, bioinformatics algorithms (TargetScan, PicTar, PITA, and miRanda) were applied to predict, screen and obtain microRNA-17 family members (miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, and miR-106a) targeting FPN, ‘seed sequence’ and responding binding sites on the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) region of FPN. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed miRNA-17 family members’ mimics decreased the luciferase activity, whereas their inhibitors increased the luciferase activity. Compared with the FPN 3′UTR wild type reporter, co-transfection of a miRNA-17 family members’ over-expression plasmids and FPN 3′UTR mutant reporters enhanced the luciferase activity in HCT116 cells. Transfection with miR-20b overexpression plasmid significantly enhanced its expression, and it inhibited endogenous FPN protein expression in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, tail-vein injection of miR-20b resulted in increasing duodenal miR-20b expression, decreasing duodenal FPN protein expression, which was closely related to lower plasma iron level in mice. Taken together, these data suggest that the miR-20b is identified to regulate intestinal FPN expression in vitro and in vivo, which will provide a potential target for intestinal iron exportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingni Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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170
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Vlasveld LT, Janssen R, Bardou-Jacquet E, Venselaar H, Hamdi-Roze H, Drakesmith H, Swinkels DW. Twenty Years of Ferroportin Disease: A Review or An Update of Published Clinical, Biochemical, Molecular, and Functional Features. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030132. [PMID: 31505869 PMCID: PMC6789780 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overloading disorders linked to mutations in ferroportin have diverse phenotypes in vivo, and the effects of mutations on ferroportin in vitro range from loss of function (LOF) to gain of function (GOF) with hepcidin resistance. We reviewed 359 patients with 60 ferroportin variants. Overall, macrophage iron overload and low/normal transferrin saturation (TSAT) segregated with mutations that caused LOF, while GOF mutations were linked to high TSAT and parenchymal iron accumulation. However, the pathogenicity of individual variants is difficult to establish due to the lack of sufficiently reported data, large inter-assay variability of functional studies, and the uncertainty associated with the performance of available in silico prediction models. Since the phenotypes of hepcidin-resistant GOF variants are indistinguishable from the other types of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), these variants may be categorized as ferroportin-associated HH, while the entity ferroportin disease may be confined to patients with LOF variants. To further improve the management of ferroportin disease, we advocate for a global registry, with standardized clinical analysis and validation of the functional tests preferably performed in human-derived enterocytic and macrophagic cell lines. Moreover, studies are warranted to unravel the definite structure of ferroportin and the indispensable residues that are essential for functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tom Vlasveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haaglanden MC-Bronovo, 2597AX The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Janssen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edouard Bardou-Jacquet
- Liver Diseases Department, French Reference Centre for Rare Iron Overload Diseases of Genetic Origin, University Hospital Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud, University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9191, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Houda Hamdi-Roze
- Molecular Genetics Department, French Reference Centre for Rare Iron Overload Diseases of Genetic Origin, University Hospital Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX39DS, UK
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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171
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Lesjak M, K S Srai S. Role of Dietary Flavonoids in Iron Homeostasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E119. [PMID: 31398897 PMCID: PMC6789581 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Balancing systemic iron levels within narrow limits is critical for human health, as both iron deficiency and overload lead to serious disorders. There are no known physiologically controlled pathways to eliminate iron from the body and therefore iron homeostasis is maintained by modifying dietary iron absorption. Several dietary factors, such as flavonoids, are known to greatly affect iron absorption. Recent evidence suggests that flavonoids can affect iron status by regulating expression and activity of proteins involved the systemic regulation of iron metabolism and iron absorption. We provide an overview of the links between different dietary flavonoids and iron homeostasis together with the mechanism of flavonoids effect on iron metabolism. In addition, we also discuss the clinical relevance of state-of-the-art knowledge regarding therapeutic potential that flavonoids may have for conditions that are low in iron such as anaemia or iron overload diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Lesjak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Surjit K S Srai
- Research Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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172
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Relevance of the iron-responsive element (IRE) pseudotriloop structure for IRP1/2 binding and validation of IRE-like structures using the yeast three-hybrid system. Gene 2019; 710:399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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173
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Simão M, Gavaia PJ, Camacho A, Porto G, Pinto IJ, Ea HK, Cancela ML. Intracellular iron uptake is favored in Hfe-KO mouse primary chondrocytes mimicking an osteoarthritis-related phenotype. Biofactors 2019; 45:583-597. [PMID: 31132316 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HFE-hemochromatosis is a disease characterized by a systemic iron overload phenotype mainly associated with mutations in the HFE protein (HFE) gene. Osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported as one of the most prevalent complications in HFE-hemochromatosis patients, but the mechanisms associated with its onset and progression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have characterized the response to high iron concentrations of a primary culture of articular chondrocytes isolated from newborn Hfe-KO mice and compared the results with that of a similar experiment developed in cells from C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) mice. Our data provide evidence that both wt- and Hfe-KO-derived chondrocytes, when exposed to 50 μM iron, develop characteristics of an OA-related phenotype, such as an increased expression of metalloproteases, a decreased extracellular matrix production, and a lower expression level of aggrecan. In addition, Hfe-KO cells also showed an increased expression of iron metabolism markers and MMP3, indicating an increased susceptibility to intracellular iron accumulation and higher levels of chondrocyte catabolism. Accordingly, upon treatment with 50 μM iron, these chondrocytes were found to preferentially differentiate toward hypertrophy with increased expression of collagen I and transferrin and downregulation of SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box containing gene 9 (Sox9). In conclusion, high iron exposure can compromise chondrocyte metabolism, which, when simultaneously affected by an Hfe loss of function, appears to be more susceptible to the establishment of an OA-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Simão
- PhD Program Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - António Camacho
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital de Cascais, Alcabideche, Portugal
| | - Graça Porto
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I Jorge Pinto
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Inserm U1132/BIOSCAR, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Centre (ABC) and Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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174
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Heggland EI, Tröße C, Eichner C, Nilsen F. Heavy and light chain homologs of ferritin are essential for blood-feeding and egg production of the ectoparasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2019; 232:111197. [PMID: 31251953 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2019.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, is a hematophagous ectoparasite of salmonid fish. Due to its blood-feeding activity, the louse is exposed to great amounts of iron, which is an essential, yet potentially toxic mineral. The major known iron storage protein is ferritin, which the salmon louse encodes four genes of (LsFer1-4). Two of the ferritins are predicted to be secreted. These are one of the heavy chain homologs (LsFer1) and the light chain homolog (LsFer2). Here, we perform functional studies and characterize the two secreted ferritins. Our results show that knocking down LsFer1 and LsFer2 both negatively affect the parasite's physiology, as it is not able to properly feed and reproduce. In a starvation experiment, the transcript levels of both LsFer1 and LsFer2 decrease during the starvation period. Combined, these results demonstrate the importance of these genes for the normal parasite biology, and they could thus potentially be targets for pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna Irene Heggland
- Department of Biological Sciences & Sea Lice Research Centre (SLRC), University of Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Christiane Eichner
- Department of Biological Sciences & Sea Lice Research Centre (SLRC), University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences & Sea Lice Research Centre (SLRC), University of Bergen, Norway
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175
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Paterek A, Mackiewicz U, Mączewski M. Iron and the heart: A paradigm shift from systemic to cardiomyocyte abnormalities. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21613-21629. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Paterek
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - Urszula Mackiewicz
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Mączewski
- Department of Clinical Physiology Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education Warsaw Poland
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Mora J, Mertens C, Meier JK, Fuhrmann DC, Brüne B, Jung M. Strategies to Interfere with Tumor Metabolism through the Interplay of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050445. [PMID: 31083487 PMCID: PMC6563030 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment is an important regulator of carcinogenesis. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells promote each step of tumor development, exerting crucial functions from initiation, early neovascularization, to metastasis. During tumor outgrowth, tumor-associated immune cells, including myeloid cells and lymphocytes, acquire a tumor-supportive, anti-inflammatory phenotype due to their interaction with tumor cells. Microenvironmental cues such as inflammation and hypoxia are mainly responsible for creating a tumor-supportive niche. Moreover, it is becoming apparent that the availability of iron within the tumor not only affects tumor growth and survival, but also the polarization of infiltrating immune cells. The interaction of tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells is multifaceted and complex, finally leading to different activation phenotypes of infiltrating immune cells regarding their functional heterogeneity and plasticity. In recent years, it was discovered that these phenotypes are mainly implicated in defining tumor outcome. Here, we discuss the role of the metabolic activation of both tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells in order to adapt their metabolism during tumor growth. Additionally, we address the role of iron availability and the hypoxic conditioning of the tumor with regard to tumor growth and we describe the relevance of therapeutic strategies to target such metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mora
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Julia K Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany.
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Hirota K. An intimate crosstalk between iron homeostasis and oxygen metabolism regulated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 133:118-129. [PMID: 30053508 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and iron are among the most abundant elements and have significant roles in human biology. Iron is essential for oxygen transport and is a component of molecular O2-carrying proteins, such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. Iron is also a constituent of redox enzymes and can occupy multiple oxidation states. An elaborate system has evolved to stringently regulate the concentrations of both, free iron and oxygen, in various sites of the body. The final destination for iron and oxygen in the cells is the mitochondria. The mitochondria require substantial amounts of iron for heme synthesis and maturation of iron-sulfur clusters, and oxygen, as the electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, the balance between the control of iron availability and the physiology of hypoxic responses is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis. Several lines of study have clearly demonstrated that the transcription factors, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), play a central role in cellular adaptation to critically low oxygen levels in both normal and compromised tissues. It has also been shown that several target genes of HIFs are involved in iron homeostasis, reflecting the molecular links between oxygen homeostasis and iron metabolism. Furthermore, HIF activation is modulated by intracellular iron, through regulation of hydroxylase activity, which requires iron as a cofactor. In addition, HIF-2α translation is controlled by iron regulatory protein (IRP) activity, providing another level of interdependence between iron and oxygen homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.
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178
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Yu X, Chen L, Ding H, Zhao Y, Feng J. Iron Transport from Ferrous Bisglycinate and Ferrous Sulfate in DMT1-Knockout Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E485. [PMID: 30813537 PMCID: PMC6470600 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the transport characteristics of iron from ferrous bisglycinate (Fe-Gly) in intestinal cells. The divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)-knockout Caco-2 cell line was developed by Crispr-Cas9, and then the cells were treated with ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) or Fe-Gly to observe the labile iron pool and determine their iron transport. The results showed that the intracellular labile iron increased significantly with Fe-Gly or FeSO₄ treatment, and this phenomenon was evident over a wide range of time and iron concentrations in the wild-type cells, whereas in the knockout cells it increased only after processing with high concentrations of iron for a long time (p < 0.05). DMT1-knockout suppressed the synthesis of ferritin and inhibited the response of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP-1) and IRP-2 to these two iron sources. The expression of peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) was not altered by knockout or iron treatment. Interestingly, the expression of zinc-regulated transporter (ZRT) and iron-regulated transporter (IRT)-like protein 14 (Zip14) was elevated significantly by knockout and iron treatment in wild-type cells (p < 0.05). These results indicated that iron from Fe-Gly was probably mainly transported into enterocytes via DMT1 like FeSO₄; Zip14 may play a certain role in the intestinal iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lingjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Haoxuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Science, Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lei P, Bai T, Sun Y. Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Relations With Regulated Cell Death: A Review. Front Physiol 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 30863316 PMCID: PMC6399426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of nonapoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. It is morphologically and biochemically different from known types of cell death. Ferroptosis plays a vital role in the treatment of tumors, renal failure, and ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), starvation of cysteine, and peroxidation of arachidonoyl (AA) trigger ferroptosis in the cells. Iron chelators, lipophilic antioxidants, and specific inhibitor prevent ferroptosis. Although massive researches have demonstrated the importance of ferroptosis in human, its mechanism is not really clear. In this review, we distanced ourselves from this confusion by dividing the mechanisms of ferroptosis into two aspects: processes that facilitate the formation of lipid peroxides and processes that suppress the reduction of lipid peroxides. At the same time, we summarize the relations between ferroptosis and several types of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxu Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Medicine, Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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180
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Du J, Wang T, Li Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Yu X, Ren X, An Y, Wu Y, Sun W, Fan W, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Tong X. DHA inhibits proliferation and induces ferroptosis of leukemia cells through autophagy dependent degradation of ferritin. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:356-369. [PMID: 30557609 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to be capable of inhibiting cancer growth, whereas it remains largely elusive that the underlying molecular mechanism of DHA induced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell death. In the present study, we examined the effects of DHA on the proliferation and ferroptosis of AML cells as well as to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that DHA strongly inhibited the viability of AML cell lines and arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Further studies found that DHA effectively induced AML cells ferroptosis, which was iron-dependent and accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mechanistically, DHA induced autophagy by regulating the activity of AMPK/mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway, which accelerated the degradation of ferritin, increased the labile iron pool, promoted the accumulation of cellular ROS and eventually led to ferroptotic cell death. Over expression of ISCU (Iron-sulfur cluster assembly enzyme, a mitochondrial protein) significantly attenuated DHA induced ferroptosis by regulating iron metabolism, rescuing the mitochondrial function and increasing the level of GSH. Meanwhile, FTH reconstituted AML cells also exhibited the reduced lipid peroxides content and restored the DHA-induced ferroptosis. In summary, these results provide experimental evidences on the detailed mechanism of DHA-induced ferroptosis and reveal that DHA might represent a promising therapeutic agent to preferentially target AML cells.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Animals
- Antimalarials/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoferritins/genetics
- Apoferritins/metabolism
- Artemisinins/pharmacology
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy/genetics
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Ferroptosis/drug effects
- Ferroptosis/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Iron-Sulfur Proteins/genetics
- Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Proteolysis
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/genetics
- Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Wangjiangshan Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xueying Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, China
| | - Yihan An
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Haematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; The Second Clinical Medical School of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Qiaojuan Zhu
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Department of Blood Transfusion, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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181
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Jiao Q, Du X, Wei J, Li Y, Jiang H. Oxidative Stress Regulated Iron Regulatory Protein IRP2 Through FBXL5-Mediated Ubiquitination-Proteasome Way in SH-SY5Y Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:20. [PMID: 30760976 PMCID: PMC6361836 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2) plays a key role in the cellular iron homeostasis and could be regulated by a variety of factors, such as oxidative stress, hypoxia and iron, etc. IRP2 depletion results in neurodegenerative movement disorder with the loss of neurons and accumulations of iron. Since oxidative stress extensively exists in several neurodegenerative diseases where iron accumulation also exists, it is important to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effects of oxidative stress on IRP2 expression and its consequence. 200 and 300 μM H2O2 could result in the reduced cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased by 52.2 and 87.3% with 200 and 300 μM H2O2 treatments, respectively. The decreased levels of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) were only observed in 300 μM H2O2-treated group. The protein levels of IRP2, but not for its mRNA levels, were observed decreased in both groups, which resulted in the lower TfR1 expression and decreased iron uptake in these cells. Pretreatment with MG132, the decreased IRP2 levels caused by H2O2 treatment could be antagonized. The protein levels of F box and leucine-rich repeat protein 5 (FBXL5), the only E3 ligase of IRP2, were observed decreased accordingly. When knockdown the intracellular FBXL5 levels by si-FBXL5, the protein levels of IRP2 were found increased with H2O2 treatment. Our results suggest that FBXL5 is involved in the degradation of IRP2 under oxidative stress in dopaminergic-like neuroblastoma cells, which implies that its role in the neuronal regulation of IRP2 in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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182
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Guo R, Li Q, Yang F, Hu X, Jiao J, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhang Y. In Vivo MR Imaging of Dual MRI Reporter Genes and Deltex-1 Gene-modified Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Closed Penile Fracture. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:417-427. [PMID: 28971290 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporter genes, including ferritin heavy subunit (Fth) and transferrin receptor (TfR), which provide sufficient MRI contrast for in vivo MRI tracking, and the Deltex-1 (DTX1) gene, which promotes human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation to smooth muscle cells (SMCs), to treat closed penile fracture (CPF). METHODS Multi-gene co-expressing hMSCs were generated. The expression of mRNA and proteins was assessed, and the original biological properties of hMSCs were determined and compared. The intracellular uptake of iron was evaluated, and the ability to differentiate into SMCs was detected. Fifty rabbits with CPF were randomly transplanted with PBS, hMSCs, Fth-TfR-hMSCs, DTX1-hMSCs, and Fth-TfR-DTX1-hMSCs. In vivo MRI was performed to detect the distribution and migration of the grafted cells and healing progress of CPF, and the results were correlated with histology. RESULTS The mRNA and proteins of the multi-gene were highly expressed. The transgenes could not influence the original biological properties of hMSCs. The dual MRI reporter genes increased the iron accumulation capacity, and the DTX1 gene promoted hMSC differentiation into SMCs. The distribution and migration of the dual MRI reporter gene-modified hMSCs, and the healing state of CPF could be obviously detected by MRI and confirmed by histology. CONCLUSION The dual MRI reporter genes could provide sufficient MRI contrast, and the distribution and migration of MSCs could be detected in vivo. The DTX1 gene can promote MSC differentiation into SMCs for the treatment of CPF and effectively inhibit granulation tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomi Guo
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Department of VIP Medical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ju Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of VIP Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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183
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Fenech M, Amaya I, Valpuesta V, Botella MA. Vitamin C Content in Fruits: Biosynthesis and Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:2006. [PMID: 30733729 PMCID: PMC6353827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Throughout evolution, a number of animals including humans have lost the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid (ascorbate, vitamin C), an essential molecule in the physiology of animals and plants. In addition to its main role as an antioxidant and cofactor in redox reactions, recent reports have shown an important role of ascorbate in the activation of epigenetic mechanisms controlling cell differentiation, dysregulation of which can lead to the development of certain types of cancer. Although fruits and vegetables constitute the main source of ascorbate in the human diet, rising its content has not been a major breeding goal, despite the large inter- and intraspecific variation in ascorbate content in fruit crops. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest to boost ascorbate content, not only to improve fruit quality but also to generate crops with elevated stress tolerance. Several attempts to increase ascorbate in fruits have achieved fairly good results but, in some cases, detrimental effects in fruit development also occur, likely due to the interaction between the biosynthesis of ascorbate and components of the cell wall. Plants synthesize ascorbate de novo mainly through the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the dominant pathway in photosynthetic tissues. Two intermediates of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, GDP-D-mannose and GDP-L-galactose, are also precursors of the non-cellulosic components of the plant cell wall. Therefore, a better understanding of ascorbate biosynthesis and regulation is essential for generation of improved fruits without developmental side effects. This is likely to involve a yet unknown tight regulation enabling plant growth and development, without impairing the cell redox state modulated by ascorbate pool. In certain fruits and developmental conditions, an alternative pathway from D-galacturonate might be also relevant. We here review the regulation of ascorbate synthesis, its close connection with the cell wall, as well as different strategies to increase its content in plants, with a special focus on fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fenech
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Iraida Amaya
- Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera, Area de Genómica y Biotecnología, Centro de Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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184
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Jung M, Mertens C, Tomat E, Brüne B. Iron as a Central Player and Promising Target in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020273. [PMID: 30641920 PMCID: PMC6359419 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all organisms. On the one hand, it facilitates cell proliferation and growth. On the other hand, iron may be detrimental due to its redox abilities, thereby contributing to free radical formation, which in turn may provoke oxidative stress and DNA damage. Iron also plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis due to its major function in tumor cell survival and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, pathways of iron acquisition, export, and storage are often perturbed in cancers, suggesting that targeting iron metabolic pathways might represent opportunities towards innovative approaches in cancer treatment. Recent evidence points to a crucial role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as a source of iron within the tumor microenvironment, implying that specifically targeting the TAM iron pool might add to the efficacy of tumor therapy. Here, we provide a brief summary of tumor cell iron metabolism and updated molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular and systemic iron homeostasis with regard to the development of cancer. Since iron adds to shaping major hallmarks of cancer, we emphasize innovative therapeutic strategies to address the iron pool of tumor cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Christina Mertens
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Elisa Tomat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
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185
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Iron Homeostasis in the Lungs-A Balance between Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010005. [PMID: 30609678 PMCID: PMC6469191 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong mechanistic link between the regulation of iron homeostasis and oxygen sensing is evident in the lung, where both systems must be properly controlled to maintain lung function. Imbalances in pulmonary iron homeostasis are frequently associated with respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with lung cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms causing alterations in iron levels and the involvement of iron in the development of lung disorders are incompletely understood. Here, we review current knowledge about the regulation of pulmonary iron homeostasis, its functional importance, and the link between dysregulated iron levels and lung diseases. Gaining greater knowledge on how iron contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases holds promise for future iron-related therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
With the development of research, more and more evidences suggested that mutations in the genes associated with brain iron metabolism induced diseases in the brain. Brain iron metabolism disorders might be one cause of neurodegenerative diseases. This review mainly summarizes the normal process of iron entry into the brain across the blood-brain barrier, and the distribution and transportation of iron among neurons and glial cells, as well as the underlying regulation mechanisms. To understand the mechanisms of iron metabolism in the brain will provide theoretical basis to prevent and cure brain diseases related to iron metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, China.
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20, Nanerhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050024, China.
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187
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron and oxygen are intimately linked: iron is an essential nutrient utilized as a cofactor in enzymes for oxygen transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolite oxidation. However, excess labile iron facilitates the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals capable of damaging biomolecules. Therefore, biological utilization of iron is a tightly regulated process. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, which can respond to oxidative and electrophilic stress, regulates several genes involved in iron metabolism. Recent Advances: The bulk of NRF2 transcription factor research has focused on its roles in detoxification and cancer prevention. Recent works have identified that several genes involved in heme synthesis, hemoglobin catabolism, iron storage, and iron export are under the control of NRF2. Constitutive NRF2 activation and subsequent deregulation of iron metabolism have been implicated in cancer development: NRF2-mediated upregulation of the iron storage protein ferritin or heme oxygenase 1 can lead to enhanced proliferation and therapy resistance. Of note, NRF2 activation and alterations to iron signaling in cancers may hinder efforts to induce the iron-dependent cell death process known as ferroptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite growing recognition of NRF2 as a modulator of iron signaling, exactly how iron metabolism is altered due to NRF2 activation in normal physiology and in pathologic conditions remains imprecise; moreover, the roles of NRF2-mediated iron signaling changes in disease progression are only beginning to be uncovered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further studies are necessary to connect NRF2 activation with physiological and pathological changes to iron signaling and oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael John Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona
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188
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Abstract
Hepcidin is the master regulator of iron metabolism. It plays a key role in the regulation of iron transport across the duodenal epithelium, which in turn is dependent on the oxygen-regulated transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α). In this issue of the JCI, Schwartz and colleagues show that duodenal HIF-2α is itself regulated by hepcidin, thereby indicating that this transcription factor is not only regulated by oxygen, but also by iron. This work indicates that the crosstalk between liver hepcidin and intestinal HIF-2α plays an important role during iron overload, systemic iron deficiency, and anemia.
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189
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Moretti D, Mettler S, Zeder C, Lundby C, Geurts-Moetspot A, Monnard A, Swinkels DW, Brittenham GM, Zimmermann MB. An intensified training schedule in recreational male runners is associated with increases in erythropoiesis and inflammation and a net reduction in plasma hepcidin. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1324-1333. [PMID: 30351387 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron status is a determinant of physical performance, but training may induce both low-grade inflammation and erythropoiesis, exerting opposing influences on hepcidin and iron metabolism. To our knowledge, the combined effects on iron absorption and utilization during training have not been examined directly in humans. Objective We hypothesized that 3 wk of exercise training in recreational male runners would decrease oral iron bioavailability by increasing inflammation and hepcidin concentrations. Design In a prospective intervention, nonanemic, iron-sufficient men (n = 10) completed a 34-d study consisting of a 16-d control phase and a 22-d exercise-training phase of 8 km running every second day. We measured oral iron absorption and erythroid iron utilization using oral 57Fe and intravenous 58Fe tracers administered before and during training. We measured hemoglobin mass (mHb) and total red blood cell volume (RCV) by carbon monoxide rebreathing. Iron status, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasma hepcidin (PHep), erythropoietin (EPO), and erythroferrone were measured before, during, and after training. Results Exercise training induced inflammation, as indicated by an increased mean ± SD IL-6 (0.87 ± 1.1 to 5.17 ± 2.2 pg/mL; P < 0.01), while also enhancing erythropoiesis, as indicated by an increase in mean EPO (0.66 ± 0.42 to 2.06 ± 1.6 IU/L), mHb (10.5 ± 1.6 to 10.8 ± 1.8 g/kg body weight), and mean RCV (30.7 ± 4.3 to 32.7 ± 4.6 mL/kg) (all P < 0.05). Training tended to increase geometric mean iron absorption by 24% (P = 0.083), consistent with a decreased mean ± SD PHep (7.25 ± 2.14 to 5.17 ± 2.24 nM; P < 0.05). The increase in mHb and erythroid iron utilization were associated with the decrease in PHep (P < 0.05). Compartmental modeling indicated that iron for the increase in mHb was obtained predominantly (>80%) from stores mobilization rather than from increased dietary absorption. Conclusions In iron-sufficient men, mild intensification of exercise intensity increases both inflammation and erythropoiesis. The net effect is to decrease hepcidin concentrations and to tend to increase oral iron absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01730521.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moretti
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Mettler
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute of Sports, Magglingen, Switzerland.,Department of Business, Health, and Social Work, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Zeder
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anneke Geurts-Moetspot
- Hepcidinanalysis.com and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Monnard
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorine W Swinkels
- Hepcidinanalysis.com and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gary M Brittenham
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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190
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The roles of hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 and iron regulatory protein 1 in iron uptake induced by acute hypoxia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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191
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Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Tymoszuk P, Petzer V, Weiss G, Nairz M. Iron in the Tumor Microenvironment-Connecting the Dots. Front Oncol 2018; 8:549. [PMID: 30534534 PMCID: PMC6275298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism and tumor biology are intimately linked. Iron facilitates the production of oxygen radicals, which may either result in iron-induced cell death, ferroptosis, or contribute to mutagenicity and malignant transformation. Once transformed, malignant cells require high amounts of iron for proliferation. In addition, iron has multiple regulatory effects on the immune system, thus affecting tumor surveillance by immune cells. For these reasons, inconsiderate iron supplementation in cancer patients has the potential of worsening disease course and outcome. On the other hand, chronic immune activation in the setting of malignancy alters systemic iron homeostasis and directs iron fluxes into myeloid cells. While this response aims at withdrawing iron from tumor cells, it may impair the effector functions of tumor-associated macrophages and will result in iron-restricted erythropoiesis and the development of anemia, subsequently. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interconnections of iron homeostasis with cancer biology, discusses current clinical controversies in the treatment of anemia of cancer and focuses on the potential roles of iron in the solid tumor microenvironment, also speculating on yet unknown molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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192
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Emerging and Dynamic Biomedical Uses of Ferritin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040124. [PMID: 30428583 PMCID: PMC6316788 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin, a ubiquitously expressed protein, has classically been considered the main iron cellular storage molecule in the body. Owing to the ferroxidase activity of the H-subunit and the nucleation ability of the L-subunit, ferritin can store a large amount of iron within its mineral core. However, recent evidence has demonstrated a range of abilities of ferritin that extends well beyond the scope of iron storage. This review aims to discuss novel functions and biomedical uses of ferritin in the processes of iron delivery, delivery of biologics such as chemotherapies and contrast agents, and the utility of ferritin as a biomarker in a number of neurological diseases.
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193
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Wang L, Liu X, You LH, Ci YZ, Chang S, Yu P, Gao G, Chang YZ. Hepcidin and iron regulatory proteins coordinately regulate ferroportin 1 expression in the brain of mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7600-7607. [PMID: 30370612 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays an essential role in various cellular metabolic processes of the body. Maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis is particularly important for keeping the normal functions of the cells. Ferroportin 1 (FPN1) is the currently only known iron exporter on the cell membrane. It has been indicated that the regulation of FPN1 in response to the alteration of iron level mainly involves two processes, posttranscriptional repression by iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and posttranslational degradation by hepcidin, the major iron-sensing hormone. However, whether there is any communication between the two types of regulations or which one plays dominant role has not been reported. In our study with IRP2-/- mice, we found that knockout of IRP2 increased FPN1 expression in the cerebral cortex of IRP2-/- mice, whereas the upregulation of FPN1 was more significant in IRP1/IRP2 dual knockdown fibroblasts. Interestingly, we found that the knockout of IRP2 severely affected the regulation effect of hepcidin on FPN1 in mouse brain. FPN1 level decreased dramatically in the brain of wild-type mice injected with hepcidin, but it did not decrease much in IRP2 knockout mice. Further investigation disclosed that the compromised hepcidin-FPN1 regulation in IRP2-/- cells was directly dependent on the existence of iron-responsive element (IRE) in FPN1 messenger RNA. These results indicate that IRPs and hepcidin coordinately regulate the FPN1 level in mice. This study will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of FPN1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin-Hao You
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yun-Zhe Ci
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shiyang Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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194
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The Functional Versatility of Transferrin Receptor 2 and Its Therapeutic Value. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040115. [PMID: 30360575 PMCID: PMC6316356 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is a tightly regulated process in all living organisms because this metal is essential for cellular metabolism, but could be extremely toxic when present in excess. In mammals, there is a complex pathway devoted to iron regulation, whose key protein is hepcidin (Hepc), which is a powerful iron absorption inhibitor mainly produced by the liver. Transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2) is one of the hepcidin regulators, and mutations in TFR2 gene are responsible for type 3 hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE3), a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by systemic iron overload. It has been recently pointed out that Hepc production and iron regulation could be exerted also in tissues other than liver, and that Tfr2 has an extrahepatic role in iron metabolism as well. This review summarizes all the most recent data on Tfr2 extrahepatic role, taking into account the putative distinct roles of the two main Tfr2 isoforms, Tfr2α and Tfr2β. Representing Hepc modulation an effective approach to correct iron balance impairment in common human diseases, and with Tfr2 being one of its regulators, it would be worthwhile to envisage Tfr2 as a therapeutic target.
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195
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Zhang S, Hu W, Yuan L, Yang Q. Transferrin receptor 1 is a supplementary receptor that assists transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry into porcine intestinal epithelium. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:69. [PMID: 30342530 PMCID: PMC6196004 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the etiologic agent of transmissible gastroenteritis, infects swine of all ages causing vomiting and diarrhea, in newborn piglets the mortality rate is near 100%. Intestinal epithelial cells are the primary target cells of TGEV. Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is highly expressed in piglets with anemia, may play a role in TGEV infection. However, the underlying mechanism of TGEV invasion remains largely unknown. Results Our study investigated the possibility that TfR1 can serve as a receptor for TGEV infection and enables the invasion and replication of TGEV. We observed that TGEV infection promoted TfR1 internalization, clustering, and co-localization with TfR1 early in infection, while TfR1 expression was significantly down-regulated as TGEV infection proceeded. TGEV infection and replication were inhibited by occluding TfR1 with antibodies or by decreasing TfR1 expression. TGEV infection increased in TGEV-susceptible ST or IPEC-J2 cell lines and TGEV-resistant Caco-2 cells when porcine TfR1 was over-expressed. Finally, we found that the TGEV S1 protein interacts with the extracellular region of TfR1, and that pre-incubating TGEV with a protein fragment containing the extracellular region of TfR1 blocked viral infection. Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that TfR1 is an additional receptor for TGEV and assists TGEV invasion and replication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0283-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lvfeng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wei gang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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196
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Simmen S, Cosin-Roger J, Melhem H, Maliachovas N, Maane M, Baebler K, Weder B, Maeyashiki C, Spanaus K, Scharl M, de Vallière C, Zeitz J, Vavricka SR, Hausmann M, Rogler G, Ruiz PA. Iron Prevents Hypoxia-Associated Inflammation Through the Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:339-355. [PMID: 30704983 PMCID: PMC6357696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypoxia-associated pathways influence the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factors, which are regulated by iron-dependent hydroxylases. Signals reflecting oxygen tension and iron levels in enterocytes regulate iron metabolism. Conversely, iron availability modulates responses to hypoxia. In the present study we sought to elucidate how iron influences the responses to hypoxia in the intestinal epithelium. METHODS Human subjects were exposed to hypoxia, and colonic biopsy specimens and serum samples were collected. HT-29, Caco-2, and T84 cells were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia in the presence of iron or the iron chelator deferoxamine. Changes in inflammatory gene expression and signaling were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed using antibodies against nuclear factor (NF)-κB and primers for the promoter of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)1β. RESULTS Human subjects presented reduced levels of ferritin in the intestinal epithelium after hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced iron deprivation-associated TNF and IL1β expression in HT-29 cells through the induction of autophagy. Contrarily, hypoxia triggered TNF and IL1β expression, and NF-κB activation in Caco-2 and T84 cells. Iron blocked autophagy in Caco-2 cells, while reducing hypoxia-associated TNF and IL1β expression through the inhibition of NF-κB binding to the promoter of TNF and IL1β. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia promotes iron mobilization from the intestinal epithelium. Hypoxia-associated autophagy reduces inflammatory processes in HT-29 cells. In Caco-2 cells, iron uptake is essential to counteract hypoxia-induced inflammation. Iron mobilization into enterocytes may be a vital protective mechanism in the hypoxic inflamed mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Simmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jesus Cosin-Roger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Maliachovas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Maane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Baebler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruce Weder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiaki Maeyashiki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cheryl de Vallière
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Zeitz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Center of Gastroenterology, Clinic Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan R. Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hausmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro A. Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pedro A. Ruiz-Castro, PhD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Weiss A, Spektor L, A. Cohen L, Lifshitz L, Magid Gold I, Zhang DL, Truman-Rosentsvit M, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Nyska A, Addadi S, Rouault TA, Meyron-Holtz EG. Orchestrated regulation of iron trafficking proteins in the kidney during iron overload facilitates systemic iron retention. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204471. [PMID: 30321179 PMCID: PMC6188744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact route of iron through the kidney and its regulation during iron overload are not completely elucidated. Under physiologic conditions, non-transferrin and transferrin bound iron passes the glomerular filter and is reabsorbed through kidney epithelial cells, so that hardly any iron is found in the urine. To study the route of iron reabsorption through the kidney, we analyzed the location and regulation of iron metabolism related proteins in kidneys of mice with iron overload, elicited by iron dextran injections. Transferrin Receptor 1 was decreased as expected, following iron overload. In contrast, the multi-ligand hetero-dimeric receptor-complex megalin/cubilin, which also mediates the internalization of transferrin, was highly up-regulated. Moreover, with increasing iron, intracellular ferritin distribution shifted in renal epithelium from an apical location to a punctate distribution throughout the epithelial cells. In addition, in contrast to many other tissues, the iron exporter ferroportin was not reduced by iron overload in the kidney. Iron accumulated mainly in interstitial macrophages, and more prominently in the medulla than in the cortex. This suggests that despite the reduction of Transferrin Receptor 1, alternative pathways may effectively mediate re-absorption of iron that cycles through the kidney during parenterally induced iron-overload. The most iron consuming process of the body, erythropoiesis, is regulated by the renal erythropoietin producing cells in kidney interstitium. We propose, that the efficient re-absorption of iron by the kidney, also during iron overload enables these cells to sense systemic iron and regulate its usage based on the systemic iron state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Weiss
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lior Spektor
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lyora A. Cohen
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lena Lifshitz
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbar Magid Gold
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - De-Liang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marianna Truman-Rosentsvit
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Leichtmann-Bardoogo
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Timrat, Israel
| | | | - Tracey A. Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Esther G. Meyron-Holtz
- Laboratory for Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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198
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Ishida JK, Caldas DGG, Oliveira LR, Frederici GC, Leite LMP, Mui TS. Genome-wide characterization of the NRAMP gene family in Phaseolus vulgaris provides insights into functional implications during common bean development. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:820-833. [PMID: 30334565 PMCID: PMC6415609 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transporter proteins play an essential role in the uptake, trafficking and storage of metals in plant tissues. The Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein (NRAMP) family plays an essential role in divalent metal transport. We conducted bioinformatics approaches to identify seven NRAMP genes in the Phaseolus vulgaris genome, investigated their phylogenetic relation, and performed transmembrane domain and gene/protein structure analyses. We found that the NRAMP gene family forms two distinct groups. One group included the PvNRAMP1, -6, and -7 genes that share a fragmented structure with a numerous exon/intron organization and encode proteins with mitochondrial or plastidial localization. The other group is characterized by few exons that encode cytoplasmic proteins. In addition, our data indicated that PvNRAMP6 and -7 may be involved in mineral uptake and mobilization in nodule tissues, while the genes PvNRAMP1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 are potentially recruited during plant development. This data provided a more comprehensive understanding of the role of NRAMP transporters in metal homeostasis in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Karine Ishida
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle G G Caldas
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Roberto Oliveira
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Campos Frederici
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tsai Siu Mui
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo (CENA-USP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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199
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Zhou Q, Chen J, Feng J, Wang J. E4BP4 promotes thyroid cancer proliferation by modulating iron homeostasis through repression of hepcidin. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:987. [PMID: 30250199 PMCID: PMC6155336 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis is critical to mammals, and dysregulation in iron homeostasis usually leads to severe disorders including various cancers. Massive hepcidin secretion is an indicator of thyroid cancer, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this dysregulation are unknown. Hepcidin secretion from thyroid cancer cells also leads to decreased expression of the iron exporter, ferroportin (FPN), and increased intracellular iron retention, which promote cancer proliferation. In this study, we examined the role of hepcidin in thyroid cancer (TC) and the molecular bases of its signaling. Synthesis of hepcidin is regulated by the BMP4/7 agonist SOSTDC1, which was downregulated in TC; SOSTDC1 downregulation was correlated with G9a-mediated hypermethylation in its promoter. The binding of G9a to the SOSTDC1 promoter requires E4BP4, which interacts with G9a to form a multi-molecular complex that contributes to SOSTDC1 silencing. Silencing of E4BP4 or G9a has similar effects to SOSTDC1 overexpression, which suppresses secretion of hepcidin and inhibits TC cell proliferation. Furthermore, our in vivo xenograft data indicated that depletion of E4BP4 also inhibits cancer growth, reduces hepcidin secretion, and reduces G9a nuclear transportation. Iron homeostasis and tumor growth in TC may be regulated by an E4BP4-dependent epigenetic mechanism. These findings suggest a new mechanism of cellular iron dysfunction through the E4BP4/G9a/SOSTDC1/hepcidin pathway, which is an essential link in TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyi Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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200
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Cui R, Choi SE, Kim TH, Lee HJ, Lee SJ, Kang Y, Jeon JY, Kim HJ, Lee KW. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:1771-1786. [PMID: 30207798 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid is considered to be one of the major pathogenic factors of inducing insulin resistance. The association between iron disturbances and insulin resistance has recently begun to receive a lot of attention. Although skeletal muscles are a major tissue for iron utilization and storage, the role of iron in palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance is unknown. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying iron dysregulation in PA-induced insulin resistance. Interestingly, we found that PA simultaneously increased intracellular iron and induced insulin resistance. The iron chelator deferoxamine dramatically inhibited PA-induced insulin resistance, and iron donors impaired insulin sensitivity by activating JNK. PA up-regulated transferrin receptor 1 (tfR1), an iron uptake protein, which was modulated by iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2. Knockdown of tfR1 and iron-responsive element-binding proteins 2 prevented PA-induced iron uptake and insulin resistance. PA also translocated the tfR1 by stimulating calcium influx, but the calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, dramatically reduced iron overload by inhibiting tfR1 translocation and ultimately increased insulin sensitivity. Iron overload may play a critical role in PA-induced insulin resistance. Blocking iron overload may thus be a useful strategy for preventing insulin resistance and diabetes.-Cui, R., Choi, S.-E., Kim, T. H., Lee, H. J., Lee, S. J., Kang, Y., Jeon, J. Y., Kim, H. J., Lee, K.-W. Iron overload by transferrin receptor protein 1 regulation plays an important role in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihua Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung-E Choi
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yup Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ja Young Jeon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
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