151
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Saotome K, Singh AK, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI. Crystal structure of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. Nature 2016; 534:506-11. [PMID: 27296226 PMCID: PMC4919205 DOI: 10.1038/nature17975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precise regulation of calcium homeostasis is essential for many physiological functions. The Ca(2+)-selective transient receptor potential (TRP) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 play vital roles in calcium homeostasis as Ca(2+) uptake channels in epithelial tissues. Detailed structural bases for their assembly and Ca(2+) permeation remain obscure. Here we report the crystal structure of rat TRPV6 at 3.25 Å resolution. The overall architecture of TRPV6 reveals shared and unique features compared with other TRP channels. Intracellular domains engage in extensive interactions to form an intracellular 'skirt' involved in allosteric modulation. In the K(+) channel-like transmembrane domain, Ca(2+) selectivity is determined by direct coordination of Ca(2+) by a ring of aspartate side chains in the selectivity filter. On the basis of crystallographically identified cation-binding sites at the pore axis and extracellular vestibule, we propose a Ca(2+) permeation mechanism. Our results provide a structural foundation for understanding the regulation of epithelial Ca(2+) uptake and its role in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Saotome
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Appu K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Maria V Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, 650 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, USA
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152
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Rosendahl J, Braun HS, Schrapers KT, Martens H, Stumpff F. Evidence for the functional involvement of members of the TRP channel family in the uptake of Na(+) and NH4 (+) by the ruminal epithelium. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1333-52. [PMID: 27184746 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of protein are degraded in the fermentative parts of the gut to ammonia, which is absorbed, detoxified to urea, and excreted, leading to formation of nitrogenous compounds such as N2O that are associated with global warming. In ruminants, channel-mediated uptake of NH4 (+) from the rumen predominates. The molecular identity of these channels remains to be clarified. Ruminal cells and epithelia from cows and sheep were investigated using patch clamp, Ussing chamber, microelectrode techniques, and qPCR. In patch clamp experiments, bovine ruminal epithelial cells expressed a conductance for NH4 (+) that could be blocked in a voltage-dependent manner by divalent cations. In the native epithelium, NH4 (+) depolarized the apical potential, acidified the cytosol and induced a rise in short-circuit current (I sc) that persisted after the removal of Na(+), was blocked by verapamil, enhanced by the removal of divalent cations, and was sensitive to certain transient receptor potential (TRP) channel modulators. Menthol or thymol stimulated the I sc in Na(+) or NH4 (+) containing solutions in a dose-dependent manner and modulated transepithelial Ca(2+) fluxes. On the level of messenger RNA (mRNA), ovine and bovine ruminal epithelium expressed TRPA1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM6, and TRPM7, with any expression of TRPV6 marginal. No bands were detected for TRPV1, TRPV5, or TRPM8. Functional and molecular biological data suggest that the transport of NH4 (+), Na(+), and Ca(2+) across the rumen involves TRP channels, with TRPV3 and TRPA1 emerging as prime candidate genes. TRP channels may also contribute to the transport of NH4 (+) across other epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosendahl
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah S Braun
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina T Schrapers
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Martens
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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153
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Saika S, Yamanaka O, Okada Y, Sumioka T. Modulation of Smad signaling by non-TGFβ components in myofibroblast generation during wound healing in corneal stroma. Exp Eye Res 2016; 142:40-8. [PMID: 26675402 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Corneal scarring/fibrosis disturbs normal transparency and curvature of the tissue and thus impairs vision. The lesion is characterized by appearance of myofibroblasts, the key player of the fibrogenic reaction, and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix. Inflammatory/fibrogenic growth factors or cytokines expressed in inflammatory cells that infiltrate into injured tissues play a pivotal role in fibrotic tissue formation. In this article the pathogenesis of fibrosis/scarring in the corneal stroma is reviewed focusing on the roles of myofibroblast, the key player in corneal stromal wound healing and fibrosis, and cytoplasmic signals activated by the fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Although it is established that TGFβ/Smad signal is essential to the process of keratocyte-myofibroblast transformation in a healing corneal stroma post-injury. This article emphasizes the involvement of non-TGFβ molecular mechanisms in modulating Smad signal. We focus on the roles of matricellular proteins, i.e., osteopontin and tenascin C, and as cellular components, the roles of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptors are discussed. Our intent is to draw attention to the possibility of signal transduction cascade modulation (e.g., Smad signal and mitogen-activated protein kinases, by gene transfer and other related technology) as being beneficial in a clinical setting to reduce or even prevent corneal stromal tissue fibrosis/scarring and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
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154
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Schoenknecht C, Andersen G, Schmidts I, Schieberle P. Quantitation of Gingerols in Human Plasma by Newly Developed Stable Isotope Dilution Assays and Assessment of Their Immunomodulatory Potential. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2269-79. [PMID: 26939769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a pilot study with two volunteers, the main pungent and bioactive ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) compounds, the gingerols, were quantitated in human plasma after ginger tea consumption using a newly established HPLC-MS/MS(ESI) method on the basis of stable isotope dilution assays. Limits of quantitation for [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols were determined as 7.6, 3.1, and 4.0 nmol/L, respectively. The highest plasma concentrations of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols (42.0, 5.3, and 4.8 nmol/L, respectively) were reached 30-60 min after ginger tea intake. Incubation of activated human T lymphocytes with gingerols increased the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration as well as the IFN-γ secretion by about 20-30%. This gingerol-induced increase of IFN-γ secretion could be blocked by the specific TRPV1 antagonist SB-366791. The results of the present study point to an interaction of gingerols with TRPV1 in activated T lymphocytes leading to an augmentation of IFN-γ secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Schoenknecht
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gaby Andersen
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ines Schmidts
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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155
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Zhao Q, Wu K, Geng J, Chi S, Wang Y, Zhi P, Zhang M, Xiao B. Ion Permeation and Mechanotransduction Mechanisms of Mechanosensitive Piezo Channels. Neuron 2016; 89:1248-1263. [PMID: 26924440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Piezo proteins have been proposed as the long-sought-after mechanosensitive cation channels in mammals that play critical roles in various mechanotransduction processes. However, the molecular bases that underlie their ion permeation and mechanotransduction have remained functionally undefined. Here we report our finding of the miniature pore-forming module of Piezo1 that resembles the pore architecture of other trimeric channels and encodes the essential pore properties. We further identified specific residues within the pore module that determine unitary conductance, pore blockage and ion selectivity for divalent and monovalent cations and anions. The non-pore-containing region of Piezo1 confers mechanosensitivity to mechano-insensitive trimeric acid-sensing ion channels, demonstrating that Piezo1 channels possess intrinsic mechanotransduction modules separate from their pore modules. In conclusion, this is the first report on the bona fide pore module and mechanotransduction components of Piezo channels, which define their ion-conducting properties and gating by mechanical stimuli, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaopeng Chi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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156
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Youm JB. Electrophysiological properties and calcium handling of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Integr Med Res 2016; 5:3-10. [PMID: 28462091 PMCID: PMC5381424 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) hold great interest in many fields of research including clinical applications such as stem cell and gene therapy for cardiac repair or regeneration. ESC-CMs are also used as a platform tool for pharmacological tests or for investigations of cardiac remodeling. ESC-CMs have many different aspects of morphology, electrophysiology, calcium handling, and bioenergetics compared with adult cardiomyocytes. They are immature in morphology, similar to sinus nodal-like in the electrophysiology, higher contribution of trans-sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx to Ca2+ handling, and higher dependence on anaerobic glycolysis. Here, I review a detailed electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling features of ESC-CMs during differentiation into adult cardiomyocytes to gain insights into how all the developmental changes are related to each other to display cardinal features of developing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Boum Youm
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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157
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Qi Z, Wong CK, Suen CH, Wang J, Long C, Sauer H, Yao X, Tsang SY. TRPC3 regulates the automaticity of embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:169-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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158
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Constantin B. Role of Scaffolding Proteins in the Regulation of TRPC-Dependent Calcium Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:379-403. [PMID: 27161237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane ion channels, and in particular TRPC channels need a specific membrane environment and association with scaffolding, signaling, and cytoskeleton proteins in order to play their important functional role. The molecular composition of TRPC channels is an important factor in determining channel activation mechanisms. TRPC proteins are incorporated in macromolecular complexes including several key Ca(2 +) signaling proteins as well as proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal interactions, and scaffolding. Evidence has been provided for association of TRPC with calmodulin (CaM), IP3R, PMCA, Gq/11, RhoA, and a variety of scaffolding proteins. The interaction between TRPC channels with adaptor proteins, determines their mode of regulation as well as their cellular localization and function. Adaptor proteins do not display any enzymatic activity but act as scaffold for the building of signaling complexes. The scaffolding proteins are involved in the assembling of these Ca(2+) signaling complexes, the correct sub-cellular localization of protein partners, and the regulation of the TRPC channelosome. In particular, these proteins, via their multiple protein-protein interaction motifs, can interact with various ion channels involved in the transmembrane potential, and membrane excitability. Scaffolding proteins are key components for the functional organization of TRPC channelosomes that serves as a platform regulating slow Ca(2+) entry, spatially and temporally controlled [Ca(2+)]i signals and Ca(2+) -dependent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Constantin
- Laboratory STIM, ERL-7368 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Bat. B36, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 86000, Poitiers, France.
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159
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Yamanaka O, Kitano-Izutani A, Tomoyose K, Reinach PS. Pathobiology of wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 2015; 15 Suppl 1:157. [PMID: 26818010 PMCID: PMC4895697 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-015-0134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival and subconjunctival fibrogenesis and inflammation are sight compromising side effects that can occur subsequent to glaucoma filtration surgery. Despite initial declines in intraocular pressure resulting from increasing aqueous outflow, one of the activated responses includes marshalling of proinflammatory and pro-fibrogenic cytokine mediator entrance into the aqueous through a sclerostomy window and their release by local cells, as well as infiltrating activated immune cells. These changes induce dysregulated inflammation, edema and extracellular matrix remodeling, which occlude outflow facility. A number of therapeutic approaches are being taken to offset declines in outflow facility since the current procedure of inhibiting fibrosis with either mitomycin C (MMC) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection is nonselective. One of them entails developing a new strategy for reducing fibrosis induced by wound healing responses including myofibroblast transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix remodeling in tissue surrounding surgically created shunts. The success of this endeavor is predicated on having a good understanding of conjunctival wound healing pathobiology. In this review, we discuss the roles of inappropriately activated growth factor and cytokine receptor linked signaling cascades inducing conjunctival fibrosis/scarring during post-glaucoma surgery wound healing. Such insight may identify drug targets for blocking fibrogenic signaling and excessive fibrosis which reduces rises in outflow facility resulting from glaucoma filtration surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Ai Kitano-Izutani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Katsuo Tomoyose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama, 641-0012, Japan.
| | - Peter S Reinach
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, People's Republic of China.
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160
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Characterization of the part of N-terminal PIP2 binding site of the TRPM1 channel. Biophys Chem 2015; 207:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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161
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Wang M, Tang YB, Ma MM, Chen JH, Hu CP, Zhao SP, Peng DQ, Zhou JG, Guan YY, Zhang Z. TRPC3 channel confers cerebrovascular remodelling during hypertension via transactivation of EGF receptor signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:34-43. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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162
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Tomilin VN, Cherezova AL, Negulyaev YA, Semenova SB. TRPV5/V6 Channels Mediate Ca2+Influx in Jurkat T Cells Under the Control of Extracellular pH. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:197-206. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor N. Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology RAS; 194064 Tikhoretsky Ave. 4; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alena L. Cherezova
- Institute of Cytology RAS; 194064 Tikhoretsky Ave. 4; St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yuri A. Negulyaev
- Institute of Cytology RAS; 194064 Tikhoretsky Ave. 4; St. Petersburg Russia
- Department of Medical Physics Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; 29, Polytechnicheskaya st.; 195251 St. Petersburg Russia
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163
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Mindthoff S, Grunau S, Steinfort LL, Girzalsky W, Hiltunen JK, Erdmann R, Antonenkov VD. Peroxisomal Pex11 is a pore-forming protein homologous to TRPM channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:271-83. [PMID: 26597702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 proteins (Pex proteins) are known to participate in the biogenesis of peroxisomes-ubiquitous oxidative organelles involved in lipid and ROS metabolism. The Pex11 family of homologous proteins is responsible for division and proliferation of peroxisomes. We show that yeast Pex11 is a pore-forming protein sharing sequence similarity with TRPM cation-selective channels. The Pex11 channel with a conductance of Λ=4.1 nS in 1.0M KCl is moderately cation-selective (PK(+)/PCl(-)=1.85) and resistant to voltage-dependent closing. The estimated size of the channel's pore (r~0.6 nm) supports the notion that Pex11 conducts solutes with molecular mass below 300-400 Da. We localized the channel's selectivity determining sequence. Overexpression of Pex11 resulted in acceleration of fatty acids β-oxidation in intact cells but not in the corresponding lysates. The β-oxidation was affected in cells by expression of the Pex11 protein carrying point mutations in the selectivity determining sequence. These data suggest that the Pex11-dependent transmembrane traffic of metabolites may be a rate-limiting step in the β-oxidation of fatty acids. This conclusion was corroborated by analysis of the rate of β-oxidation in yeast strains expressing Pex11 with mutations mimicking constitutively phosphorylated (S165D, S167D) or unphosphorylated (S165A, S167A) protein. The results suggest that phosphorylation of Pex11 is a mechanism that can control the peroxisomal β-oxidation rate. Our results disclose an unexpected function of Pex11 as a non-selective channel responsible for transfer of metabolites across peroxisomal membrane. The data indicate that peroxins may be involved in peroxisomal metabolic processes in addition to their role in peroxisome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mindthoff
- Institut für Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Abt. Systembiochemie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Silke Grunau
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura L Steinfort
- Institut für Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Abt. Systembiochemie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Girzalsky
- Institut für Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Abt. Systembiochemie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ralf Erdmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Abt. Systembiochemie, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Vasily D Antonenkov
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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164
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Andres D, Keyser B, Benton B, Melber A, Olivera D, Holmes W, Paradiso D, Anderson D, Ray R. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as a therapeutic target for intervention of respiratory effects and lethality from phosgene. Toxicol Lett 2015; 244:21-27. [PMID: 26562769 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosgene (CG), a toxic inhalation and industrial hazard, causes bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction and associated pathological effects that could be life threatening. Ion channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family have been identified to act as specific chemosensory molecules in the respiratory tract in the detection, control of adaptive responses and initiation of detrimental signaling cascades upon exposure to various toxic inhalation hazards (TIH); their activation due to TIH exposure may result in broncho- and vasoconstriction. We studied changes in the regulation of intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) in cultures of human bronchial smooth muscle cells (BSMC) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC) exposed to CG (16ppm, 8min), using an air/liquid interface exposure system. CG increased [Ca(2+)]i (p<0.05) in both cell types, The CG-induced [Ca(2+)]i was blocked (p<0.05) by two types of TRP channel blockers, SKF-96365, a general TRP channel blocker, and RR, a general TRPV (vanilloid type) blocker, in both BSMC and HPMEC. These effects correlate with the in vivo efficacies of these compounds to protect against lung injury and 24h lethality from whole body CG inhalation exposure in mice (8-10ppm×20min). Thus the TRP channel mechanism appears to be a potential target for intervention in CG toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Andres
- Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA.
| | - Brian Keyser
- Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Betty Benton
- Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Ashley Melber
- Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Dorian Olivera
- Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Wesley Holmes
- Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Danielle Paradiso
- Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Dana Anderson
- Analytical Toxicology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
| | - Radharaman Ray
- Research Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA.
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165
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Wei NN, Lv HN, Wu Y, Yang SL, Sun XY, Lai R, Jiang Y, Wang K. Selective Activation of Nociceptor TRPV1 Channel and Reversal of Inflammatory Pain in Mice by a Novel Coumarin Derivative Muralatin L from Murraya alata. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:640-51. [PMID: 26515068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.654392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin and its derivatives are fragrant natural compounds isolated from the genus Murraya that are flowering plants widely distributed in East Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Murraya plants have been widely used as medicinal herbs for relief of pain, such as headache, rheumatic pain, toothache, and snake bites. However, little is known about their analgesic components and the molecular mechanism underlying pain relief. Here, we report the bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of a novel coumarin derivative, named muralatin L, that can specifically activate the nociceptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and reverse the inflammatory pain in mice through channel desensitization. Muralatin L was identified from the active extract of Murraya alata against TRPV1 transiently expressed in HEK-293T cells in fluorescent calcium FlexStation assay. Activation of TRPV1 current by muralatin L and its selectivity were further confirmed by whole-cell patch clamp recordings of TRPV1-expressing HEK-293T cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from mice. Furthermore, muralatin L could reverse inflammatory pain induced by formalin and acetic acid in mice but not in TRPV1 knock-out mice. Taken together, our findings show that muralatin L specifically activates TRPV1 and reverses inflammatory pain, thus highlighting the potential of coumarin derivatives from Murraya plants for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications such as pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Wei
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Hai-Ning Lv
- the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191
| | - Yang Wu
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191
| | - Shi-Long Yang
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, and
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- the Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Ren Lai
- the Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, and
| | - Yong Jiang
- the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191,
| | - KeWei Wang
- From the Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing 100191, the Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266021, China
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166
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Ciardo MG, Andrés-Bordería A, Cuesta N, Valente P, Camprubí-Robles M, Yang J, Planells-Cases R, Ferrer-Montiel A. Whirlin increases TRPV1 channel expression and cellular stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:115-27. [PMID: 26516054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of TRPV1 are influenced by its interaction with cellular proteins. Here, we identify Whirlin, a cytoskeletal PDZ-scaffold protein implicated in hearing, vision and mechanosensory transduction, as an interacting partner of TRPV1. Whirlin associates with TRPV1 in cell lines and in primary cultures of rat nociceptors. Whirlin is expressed in 55% of mouse sensory C-fibers, including peptidergic and non-peptidergic nociceptors, and co-localizes with TRPV1 in 70% of them. Heterologous expression of Whirlin increased TRPV1 protein expression and trafficking to the plasma membrane, and promoted receptor clustering. Silencing Whirlin expression with siRNA or blocking protein translation resulted in a concomitant degradation of TRPV1 that could be prevented by inhibiting the proteasome. The degradation kinetics of TRPV1 upon arresting protein translation mirrored that of Whirlin in cells co-expressing both proteins, suggesting a parallel degradation mechanism. Noteworthy, Whirlin expression significantly reduced TRPV1 degradation induced by prolonged exposure to capsaicin. Thus, our findings indicate that Whirlin and TRPV1 are associated in a subset of nociceptors and that TRPV1 protein stability is increased through the interaction with the cytoskeletal scaffold protein. Our results suggest that the Whirlin–TRPV1 complex may represent a novel molecular target and its pharmacological disruption might be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of peripheral TRPV1-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Ciardo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Cuesta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pierluigi Valente
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Camprubí-Robles
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jun Yang
- John A Moran Eye Center, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Antonio Ferrer-Montiel
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular. Universitas Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
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167
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"TRP inflammation" relationship in cardiovascular system. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:339-56. [PMID: 26482920 PMCID: PMC4851701 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable advances in the research and treatment, the precise relationship between inflammation and cardiovascular (CV) disease remains incompletely understood. Therefore, understanding the immunoinflammatory processes underlying the initiation, progression, and exacerbation of many cardiovascular diseases is of prime importance. The innate immune system has an ancient origin and is well conserved across species. Its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury. Recent studies suggest that altered ionic balance, and production of noxious gaseous mediators link to immune and inflammatory responses with altered ion channel expression and function. Among plausible candidates for this are transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that function as polymodal sensors and scaffolding proteins involved in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we will first focus on the relevance of TRP channel to both exogenous and endogenous factors related to innate immune response and transcription factors related to sustained inflammatory status. The emerging role of inflammasome to regulate innate immunity and its possible connection to TRP channels will also be discussed. Secondly, we will discuss about the linkage of TRP channels to inflammatory CV diseases, from a viewpoint of inflammation in a general sense which is not restricted to the innate immunity. These knowledge may serve to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of various inflammatory CV diseases and their novel therapeutic strategies.
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168
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Bertin S, Raz E. Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels in T cells. Semin Immunopathol 2015; 38:309-19. [PMID: 26468011 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-015-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels is widely expressed in many cell types and plays various physiological roles. Growing evidence suggests that certain TRP channels are functionally expressed in the immune system. Indeed, an increasing number of reports have demonstrated the functional expression of several TRP channels in innate and adaptive immune cells and have highlighted their critical role in the activation and function of these cells. However, very few reviews have been entirely dedicated to this subject. Here, we will summarize the recent findings with regards to TRP channel expression in T cells and discuss their emerging role as regulators of T cell activation and functions. Moreover, these studies suggest that beyond their pharmaceutical interest in pain management, certain TRP channels may represent potential novel therapeutic targets for various immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA.
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0663, USA
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169
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Suppression of In Vivo Neovascularization by the Loss of TRPV1 in Mouse Cornea. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015:706404. [PMID: 26491553 PMCID: PMC4600561 DOI: 10.1155/2015/706404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of loss of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) on the development of neovascularization in corneal stroma in mice. Blocking TRPV1 receptor did not affect VEGF-dependent neovascularization in cell culture. Lacking TRPV1 inhibited neovascularization in corneal stroma following cauterization. Immunohistochemistry showed that immunoreactivity for active form of TGFβ1 and VEGF was detected in subepithelial stroma at the site of cauterization in both genotypes of mice, but the immunoreactivity seemed less marked in mice lacking TRPV1. mRNA expression of VEGF and TGFβ1 in a mouse cornea was suppressed by the loss of TRPV1. TRPV1 gene ablation did not affect invasion of neutrophils and macrophage in a cauterized mouse cornea. Blocking TRPV1 signal does not affect angiogenic effects by HUVECs in vitro. TRPV1 signal is, however, involved in expression of angiogenic growth factors in a cauterized mouse cornea and is required for neovascularization in the corneal stroma in vivo.
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170
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Chauvet S, Boonen M, Chevallet M, Jarvis L, Abebe A, Benharouga M, Faller P, Jadot M, Bouron A. The Na+/K+-ATPase and the amyloid-beta peptide aβ1-40 control the cellular distribution, abundance and activity of TRPC6 channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2957-65. [PMID: 26348127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase interacts with the non-selective cation channels TRPC6 but the functional consequences of this association are unknown. Experiments performed with HEK cells over-expressing TRPC6 channels showed that inhibiting the activity of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase with ouabain reduced the amount of TRPC6 proteins and depressed Ca(2+) entry through TRPC6. This effect, not mimicked by membrane depolarization with KCl, was abolished by sucrose and bafilomycin-A, and was partially sensitive to the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA/AM. Biotinylation and subcellular fractionation experiments showed that ouabain caused a multifaceted redistribution of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and to an endo/lysosomal compartment where they were degraded. The amyloid beta peptide Aβ(1-40), another inhibitor of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, but not the shorter peptide Aβ1-16, reduced TRPC6 protein levels and depressed TRPC6-mediated responses. In cortical neurons from embryonic mice, ouabain, veratridine (an opener of voltage-gated Na(+) channel), and Aβ(1-40) reduced TRPC6-mediated Ca(2+) responses whereas Aβ(1-16) was ineffective. Furthermore, when Aβ(1-40) was co-added together with zinc acetate it could no longer control TRPC6 activity. Altogether, this work shows the existence of a functional coupling between the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and TRPC6. It also suggests that the abundance, distribution and activity of TRPC6 can be regulated by cardiotonic steroids like ouabain and the naturally occurring peptide Aβ(1-40) which underlines the pathophysiological significance of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Chauvet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marielle Boonen
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Mireille Chevallet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Louis Jarvis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Addis Abebe
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter Faller
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Jadot
- URPhyM-Laboratoire de Chimie Physiologique, University of Namur, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Bouron
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, iRTSV-LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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171
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Muscarinic receptor-mediated excitation of rat intracardiac ganglion neurons. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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172
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Garcia-Elias A, Berna-Erro A, Rubio-Moscardo F, Pardo-Pastor C, Mrkonjić S, Sepúlveda RV, Vicente R, González-Nilo F, Valverde MA. Interaction between the Linker, Pre-S1, and TRP Domains Determines Folding, Assembly, and Trafficking of TRPV Channels. Structure 2015; 23:1404-1413. [PMID: 26146187 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional transient receptor potential (TRP) channels result from the assembly of four subunits. Here, we show an interaction between the pre-S1, TRP, and the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD)-S1 linker domains of TRPV1 and TRPV4 that is essential for proper channel assembly. Neutralization of TRPV4 pre-S1 K462 resulted in protein retention in the ER, defective glycosylation and trafficking, and unresponsiveness to TRPV4-activating stimuli. Similar results were obtained with the equivalent mutation in TRPV1 pre-S1. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that TRPV4-K462 generated an alternating hydrogen network with E745 (TRP box) and D425 (pre-S1 linker), and that K462Q mutation affected subunit folding. Consistently, single TRPV4-E745A or TRPV4-D425A mutations moderately affected TRPV4 biogenesis while double TRPV4-D425A/E745A mutation resumed the TRPV4-K462Q phenotype. Thus, the interaction between pre-S1, TRP, and linker domains is mandatory to generate a structural conformation that allows the contacts between adjacent subunits to promote correct assembly and trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Garcia-Elias
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berna-Erro
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Carlos Pardo-Pastor
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sanela Mrkonjić
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Romina V Sepúlveda
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. República 239, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. República 239, Santiago 8320000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/ Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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173
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Zíma V, Witschas K, Hynkova A, Zímová L, Barvík I, Vlachova V. Structural modeling and patch-clamp analysis of pain-related mutation TRPA1-N855S reveal inter-subunit salt bridges stabilizing the channel open state. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:294-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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174
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Coste B, Murthy SE, Mathur J, Schmidt M, Mechioukhi Y, Delmas P, Patapoutian A. Piezo1 ion channel pore properties are dictated by C-terminal region. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7223. [PMID: 26008989 PMCID: PMC4445471 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 and Piezo2 encode mechanically activated cation channels that function as mechanotransducers involved in vascular system development and touch sensing, respectively. Structural features of Piezos remain unknown. Mouse Piezo1 is bioinformatically predicted to have 30–40 transmembrane (TM) domains. Here, we find that nine of the putative inter-transmembrane regions are accessible from the extracellular side. We use chimeras between mPiezo1 and dPiezo to show that ion-permeation properties are conferred by C-terminal region. We further identify a glutamate residue within a conserved region adjacent to the last two putative TM domains of the protein, that when mutated, affects unitary conductance and ion selectivity, and modulates pore block. We propose that this amino acid is either in the pore or closely associates with the pore. Our results describe important structural motifs of this channel family and lay the groundwork for a mechanistic understanding of how Piezos are mechanically gated and conduct ions. Piezo ion channels function as mechanotransducers involved in vascular development and touch sensing, but their structural features remain unknown. Here the authors find that the C-terminal region of Piezo protein encompasses the pore and identify a glutamate residue within this region involved in ion conduction properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Coste
- 1] Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, 13344 Marseille, France [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Swetha E Murthy
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jayanti Mathur
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Manuela Schmidt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - Patrick Delmas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CRN2M-UMR7286, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA [2] Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California 92121, USA
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175
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Nohara LL, Stanwood SR, Omilusik KD, Jefferies WA. Tweeters, Woofers and Horns: The Complex Orchestration of Calcium Currents in T Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2015; 6:234. [PMID: 26052328 PMCID: PMC4440397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels is a vital event that regulates T lymphocyte homeostasis, activation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The mechanisms that regulate intracellular Ca2+ signaling in lymphocytes involve tightly controlled concinnity of multiple ion channels, membrane receptors, and signaling molecules. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores and subsequent sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+ through Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in the plasma membrane. This process termed store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) involves the ER Ca2+ sensing molecule, STIM1, and a pore-forming plasma membrane protein, ORAI1. However, several other important Ca2+ channels that are instrumental in T cell function also exist. In this review, we discuss the role of additional Ca2+ channel families expressed on the plasma membrane of T cells that likely contribute to Ca2+ influx following TCR engagement, which include the TRP channels, the NMDA receptors, the P2X receptors, and the IP3 receptors, with a focus on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ (CaV) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian L Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Shawna R Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Kyla D Omilusik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada ; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada
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176
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Abstract
Intrarenal autoregulatory mechanisms maintain renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) independent of renal perfusion pressure (RPP) over a defined range (80-180 mmHg). Such autoregulation is mediated largely by the myogenic and the macula densa-tubuloglomerular feedback (MD-TGF) responses that regulate preglomerular vasomotor tone primarily of the afferent arteriole. Differences in response times allow separation of these mechanisms in the time and frequency domains. Mechanotransduction initiating the myogenic response requires a sensing mechanism activated by stretch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and coupled to intracellular signaling pathways eliciting plasma membrane depolarization and a rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). Proposed mechanosensors include epithelial sodium channels (ENaC), integrins, and/or transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Increased [Ca(2+)]i occurs predominantly by Ca(2+) influx through L-type voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels (VOCC). Increased [Ca(2+)]i activates inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) to mobilize Ca(2+) from sarcoplasmic reticular stores. Myogenic vasoconstriction is sustained by increased Ca(2+) sensitivity, mediated by protein kinase C and Rho/Rho-kinase that favors a positive balance between myosin light-chain kinase and phosphatase. Increased RPP activates MD-TGF by transducing a signal of epithelial MD salt reabsorption to adjust afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction. A combination of vascular and tubular mechanisms, novel to the kidney, provides for high autoregulatory efficiency that maintains RBF and GFR, stabilizes sodium excretion, and buffers transmission of RPP to sensitive glomerular capillaries, thereby protecting against hypertensive barotrauma. A unique aspect of the myogenic response in the renal vasculature is modulation of its strength and speed by the MD-TGF and by a connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CT-GF) mechanism. Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide are modulators of myogenic and MD-TGF mechanisms. Attenuated renal autoregulation contributes to renal damage in many, but not all, models of renal, diabetic, and hypertensive diseases. This review provides a summary of our current knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms enabling renal autoregulation in health and disease and methods used for its study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Kidney Center, and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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177
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Silberstein SD. TRPV1, CGRP and SP in scalp arteries of patients suffering from chronic migraine. Some like it hot! Chronic migraine increases TRPV1 receptors in the scalp. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:361. [PMID: 25288609 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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178
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Placing ion channels into a signaling network of T cells: from maturing thymocytes to healthy T lymphocytes or leukemic T lymphoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:750203. [PMID: 25866806 PMCID: PMC4383400 DOI: 10.1155/2015/750203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T leukemogenesis is a multistep process, where the genetic errors during T cell maturation cause the healthy progenitor to convert into the leukemic precursor that lost its ability to differentiate but possesses high potential for proliferation, self-renewal, and migration. A new misdirecting "leukemogenic" signaling network appears, composed by three types of participants which are encoded by (1) genes implicated in determined stages of T cell development but deregulated by translocations or mutations, (2) genes which normally do not participate in T cell development but are upregulated, and (3) nondifferentially expressed genes which become highly interconnected with genes expressed differentially. It appears that each of three groups may contain genes coding ion channels. In T cells, ion channels are implicated in regulation of cell cycle progression, differentiation, activation, migration, and cell death. In the present review we are going to reveal a relationship between different genetic defects, which drive the T cell neoplasias, with calcium signaling and ion channels. We suggest that changes in regulation of various ion channels in different types of the T leukemias may provide the intracellular ion microenvironment favorable to maintain self-renewal capacity, arrest differentiation, induce proliferation, and enhance motility.
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179
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Zhao PY, Gan G, Peng S, Wang SB, Chen B, Adelman RA, Rizzolo LJ. TRP Channels Localize to Subdomains of the Apical Plasma Membrane in Human Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:1916-23. [PMID: 25736794 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-15738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Calcium regulates many functions of the RPE. Its concentration in the subretinal space and RPE cytoplasm is closely regulated. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a superfamily of ion channels that are moderately calcium-selective. This study investigates the subcellular localization and potential functions of TRP channels in a first-passage culture model of human fetal RPE (hfRPE). METHODS The RPE isolated from 15- to 16-week gestation fetuses were maintained in serum-free media. Cultures were treated with barium chloride (BaCl2) in the absence and presence of TRP channel inhibitors and monitored by the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). The expression of TRP channels was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. RESULTS Barium chloride substantially decreased TER and disrupted cell-cell contacts when added to the apical surface of RPE, but not when added to the basolateral surface. The effect could be partially blocked by the general TRP inhibitor, lanthanum chloride (LaCl3, ~75%), or an inhibitor of calpain (~25%). Family member-specific inhibitors, ML204 (TRPC4) and HC-067047 (TRPV4), had no effect on basal channel activity. Expression of TRPC4, TRPM1, TRPM3, TRPM7, and TRPV4 was detected by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. The TRPM3 localized to the base of the primary cilium, and TRPC4 and TRPM3 localized to apical tight junctions. The TRPV4 localized to apical microvilli in a small subset of cells. CONCLUSIONS The TRP channels localized to subdomains of the apical membrane, and BaCl2 was only able to dissociate tight junctions when presented to the apical membrane. The data suggest a potential role for TRP channels as sensors of [Ca(2+)] in the subretinal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Y Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Geliang Gan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Shaomin Peng
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Shao-Bin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Ron A Adelman
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Lawrence J Rizzolo
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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180
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Veit F, Pak O, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. Hypoxia-dependent reactive oxygen species signaling in the pulmonary circulation: focus on ion channels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:537-52. [PMID: 25545236 PMCID: PMC4322788 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An acute lack of oxygen in the lung causes hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, which optimizes gas exchange. In contrast, chronic hypoxia triggers a pathological vascular remodeling causing pulmonary hypertension, and ischemia can cause vascular damage culminating in lung edema. RECENT ADVANCES Regulation of ion channel expression and gating by cellular redox state is a widely accepted mechanism; however, it remains a matter of debate whether an increase or a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs under hypoxic conditions. Ion channel redox regulation has been described in detail for some ion channels, such as Kv channels or TRPC6. However, in general, information on ion channel redox regulation remains scant. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS In addition to the debate of increased versus decreased ROS production during hypoxia, we aim here at describing and deciphering why different oxidants, under different conditions, can cause both activation and inhibition of channel activity. While the upstream pathways affecting channel gating are often well described, we need a better understanding of redox protein modifications to be able to determine the complexity of ion channel redox regulation. Against this background, we summarize the current knowledge on hypoxia-induced ROS-mediated ion channel signaling in the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veit
- 1 Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System (ECCPS), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL) , Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Thyroid follicular epithelial cells produce thyroxine (T4) and its physiologically active derivative, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), hormones that regulate critical developmental and metabolic functions. In order for the thyroid to form hormone precursor, iodide, the defining element in thyroid hormone, must cross both blood-facing and luminal sides of the follicular epithelium. The pathway for uptake from blood is well understood, but the mechanism(s) that enable iodide to cross the luminally facing apical membrane remain obscure. This chapter considers the physiological properties of several molecularly characterized anion transport proteins, all of which potentially contribute to the overall mechanism of apical iodide efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peying Fong
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
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182
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Mickle AD, Shepherd AJ, Mohapatra DP. Sensory TRP channels: the key transducers of nociception and pain. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 131:73-118. [PMID: 25744671 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral detection of nociceptive and painful stimuli by sensory neurons involves a complex repertoire of molecular detectors and/or transducers on distinct subsets of nerve fibers. The majority of such molecular detectors/transducers belong to the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of cation channels, which comprise both specific receptors for distinct nociceptive stimuli, as well as for multiple stimuli. This chapter discusses the classification, distribution, and functional properties of individual TRP channel types that have been implicated in various nociceptive and/or painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Mickle
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesia, The University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucile A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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183
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Chevallet M, Jarvis L, Harel A, Luche S, Degot S, Chapuis V, Boulay G, Rabilloud T, Bouron A. Functional consequences of the over-expression of TRPC6 channels in HEK cells: impact on the homeostasis of zinc. Metallomics 2015; 6:1269-76. [PMID: 24733507 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) protein is a non-selective cation channel able to transport essential trace elements like iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) through the plasma membrane. Its over-expression in HEK-293 cells causes an intracellular accumulation of Zn, indicating that it could be involved in Zn transport. This finding prompted us to better understand the role played by TRPC6 in Zn homeostasis. Experiments done using the fluorescent probe FluoZin-3 showed that HEK cells possess an intracellular pool of mobilisable Zn present in compartments sensitive to the vesicular proton pump inhibitor Baf-A, which affects endo/lysosomes. TRPC6 over-expression facilitates the basal uptake of Zn and enhances the size of the pool of Zn sensitive to Baf-A. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments showed that TRPC6 over-expression does not affect the mRNA expression of Zn transporters (ZnT-1, ZnT-5, ZnT-6, ZnT-7, ZnT-9, Zip1, Zip6, Zip7, and Zip14); however it up-regulates the mRNA expression of metallothionein-I and -II. This alters the Zn buffering capacities of the cells as illustrated by the experiments done using the Zn ionophore Na pyrithione. In addition, HEK cells over-expressing TRPC6 grow slower than their parental HEK cells. This feature can be mimicked by growing HEK cells in a culture medium supplemented with 5 μM of Zn acetate. Finally, a proteomic analysis revealed that TRPC6 up-regulates the expression of the actin-associated proteins ezrin and cofilin-1, and changes the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton without changing the cellular actin content. Altogether, these data indicate that TRPC6 is participating in the transport of Zn and influences the Zn storage and buffering capacities of the cells.
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184
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Lorin C, Vögeli I, Niggli E. Dystrophic cardiomyopathy: role of TRPV2 channels in stretch-induced cell damage. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:153-62. [PMID: 25616416 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a degenerative pathology of skeletal muscle, also induces cardiac failure and arrhythmias due to a mutation leading to the lack of the protein dystrophin. In cardiac cells, the subsarcolemmal localization of dystrophin is thought to protect the membrane from mechanical stress. The absence of dystrophin results in an elevated stress-induced Ca2+ influx due to the inadequate functioning of several proteins, such as stretch-activated channels (SACs). Our aim was to investigate whether transient receptor potential vanilloid channels type 2 (TRPV2) form subunits of the dysregulated SACs in cardiac dystrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined the role of TRPV2 channels in the abnormal Ca2+ influx of cardiomyocytes isolated from dystrophic mdx mice, an established animal model for DMD. In dystrophic cells, western blotting showed that TRPV2 was two-fold overexpressed. While normally localized intracellularly, in myocytes from mdx mice TRPV2 channels were translocated to the sarcolemma and were prominent along the T-tubules, as indicated by immunocytochemistry. Membrane localization was confirmed by biotinylation assays. Furthermore, in mdx myocytes pharmacological modulators suggested an abnormal activity of TRPV2, which has a unique pharmacological profile among TRP channels. Confocal imaging showed that these compounds protected the cells from stress-induced abnormal Ca2+ signals. The involvement of TRPV2 in these signals was confirmed by specific pore-blocking antibodies and by small-interfering RNA ablation of TRPV2. CONCLUSION Together, these results establish the involvement of TRPV2 in a stretch-activated calcium influx pathway in dystrophic cardiomyopathy, contributing to the defective cellular Ca2+ handling in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Lorin
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Vögeli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Buehlplatz 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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185
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Arias-Darraz L, Cabezas D, Colenso CK, Alegría-Arcos M, Bravo-Moraga F, Varas-Concha I, Almonacid DE, Madrid R, Brauchi S. A transient receptor potential ion channel in Chlamydomonas shares key features with sensory transduction-associated TRP channels in mammals. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:177-88. [PMID: 25595824 PMCID: PMC4330573 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.131862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensory modalities are essential for navigating through an ever-changing environment. From insects to mammals, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are known mediators for cellular sensing. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a motile single-celled freshwater green alga that is guided by photosensory, mechanosensory, and chemosensory cues. In this type of alga, sensory input is first detected by membrane receptors located in the cell body and then transduced to the beating cilia by membrane depolarization. Although TRP channels seem to be absent in plants, C. reinhardtii possesses genomic sequences encoding TRP proteins. Here, we describe the cloning and characterization of a C. reinhardtii version of a TRP channel sharing key features present in mammalian TRP channels associated with sensory transduction. In silico sequence-structure analysis unveiled the modular design of TRP channels, and electrophysiological experiments conducted on Human Embryonic Kidney-293T cells expressing the Cr-TRP1 clone showed that many of the core functional features of metazoan TRP channels are present in Cr-TRP1, suggesting that basic TRP channel gating characteristics evolved early in the history of eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Darraz
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Deny Cabezas
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Melissa Alegría-Arcos
- Universidad Andres Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Felipe Bravo-Moraga
- Universidad Andres Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Ignacio Varas-Concha
- Universidad Andres Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Daniel E Almonacid
- Universidad Andres Bello, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago 8370146, Chile CINV, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Madrid
- Biology Department, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Sebastian Brauchi
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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186
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Luvisetto S, Vacca V, Cianchetti C. Analgesic effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A in a model of allyl isothiocyanate- and capsaicin-induced pain in mice. Toxicon 2014; 94:23-8. [PMID: 25529549 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate analgesic effects of BoNT/A in relation to the two main transient receptor potentials (TRP), the vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and the ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), having a role in migraine pain. BoNT/A (15 pg/mouse) was injected in the inner side of the medial part of hindlimb thigh of mice, where the superficial branch of femoral artery is located. We chosen this vascular structure because it is similar to other vascular structures, such as the temporal superficial artery, whose perivascular nociceptive fibres probably contributes to migraine pain. After an interval, ranging from 7 to 30 days, capsaicin (agonist of TRPV1) or allyl isothiocyanate (AITC; agonist of TRPA1) were injected in the same region previously treated with BoNT/A and nocifensive response to chemicals-induced pain was recorded. In absence of BoNT/A, capsaicin and AITC induced extensive nocifensive response, with a markedly different temporal profile: capsaicin induced maximal pain during the first 5 min, while AITC induced maximal pain at 15-30 min after injection. Pretreatment with BoNT/A markedly reduced both the capsaicin- and AITC-induced pain for at least 21 days. These data suggest a long lasting analgesic effect of BoNT/A exerted via prevention of responsiveness of TRPV1 and TRPA1 toward their respective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siro Luvisetto
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Roma, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Roma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vacca
- CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Roma, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Cianchetti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Clinic, AOU, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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187
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Darré L, Furini S, Domene C. Permeation and dynamics of an open-activated TRPV1 channel. J Mol Biol 2014; 427:537-49. [PMID: 25479373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels constitute a large and diverse protein family, found in yeast and widespread in the animal kingdom. TRP channels work as sensors for a wide range of cellular and environmental signals. Understanding how these channels respond to physical and chemical stimuli has been hindered by the limited structural information available until now. The three-dimensional structure of the vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) was recently determined by single particle electron cryo-microscopy, offering for the first time the opportunity to explore ionic conduction in TRP channels at atomic detail. In this study, we present molecular dynamics simulations of the open-activated pore domain of TRPV1 in the presence of three cationic species: Na(+), Ca(2+) and K(+). The dynamics of these ions while interacting with the channel pore allowed us to rationalize their permeation mechanism in terms of a pathway involving three binding sites at the intracellular cavity, as well as the extracellular and intracellular entrance of the selectivity filter. Furthermore, conformational analysis of the pore in the presence of these ions reveals specific ion-mediated structural changes in the selectivity filter, which influences the permeability properties of the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Darré
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Simone Furini
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Carmen Domene
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, UK; Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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188
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Zalk R, Clarke OB, des Georges A, Grassucci RA, Reiken S, Mancia F, Hendrickson WA, Frank J, Marks AR. Structure of a mammalian ryanodine receptor. Nature 2014; 517:44-9. [PMID: 25470061 PMCID: PMC4300236 DOI: 10.1038/nature13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) mediate rapid release of calcium (Ca2+) from intracellular stores into the cytosol, which is essential for numerous cellular functions including excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. Lack of sufficient structural detail has impeded understanding of RyR gating and regulation. Here, we report the closed-state structure of the 2.3 MDa complex of the rabbit skeletal muscle type 1 RyR (RyR1), solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy at an overall resolution of 4.8 Å. We fitted a polyalanine-level model to all 3939 ordered residues in each protomer, defining the transmembrane pore in unprecedented detail and placing all cytosolic domains as tertiary folds. The cytosolic assembly is built on an extended α-solenoid scaffold connecting key regulatory domains to the pore. The RyR1 pore architecture places it in the six-transmembrane (6TM) ion channel superfamily. A unique domain inserted between the second and third transmembrane helices interacts intimately with paired EF-hands originating from the α-solenoid scaffold, suggesting a mechanism for channel gating by Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zalk
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Amédée des Georges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Robert A Grassucci
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Filippo Mancia
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- 1] Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Joachim Frank
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [3] Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- 1] Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA [3] Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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189
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DeCaen PG, Takahashi Y, Krulwich TA, Ito M, Clapham DE. Ionic selectivity and thermal adaptations within the voltage-gated sodium channel family of alkaliphilic Bacillus. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25385530 PMCID: PMC4225499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry and extrusion of cations are essential processes in living cells. In alkaliphilic prokaryotes, high external pH activates voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), which allows Na(+) to enter and be used as substrate for cation/proton antiporters responsible for cytoplasmic pH homeostasis. Here, we describe a new member of the prokaryotic voltage-gated Na(+) channel family (NsvBa; <underline>N</underline>on-<underline>s</underline>elective <underline>v</underline>oltage-gated, <underline>B</underline>acillus <underline>a</underline>lcalophilus) that is nonselective among Na(+), Ca(2+) and K(+) ions. Mutations in NsvBa can convert the nonselective filter into one that discriminates for Na(+) or divalent cations. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrate the portability of ion selectivity with filter mutations to other Bacillus Nav channels. Increasing pH and temperature shifts their activation threshold towards their native resting membrane potential. Furthermore, we find drugs that target Bacillus Nav channels also block the growth of the bacteria. This work identifies some of the adaptations to achieve ion discrimination and gating in Bacillus Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Yuka Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Terry A Krulwich
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Masahiro Ito
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - David E Clapham
- Department of Cardiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
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190
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Bertin S, Aoki-Nonaka Y, de Jong PR, Nohara LL, Xu H, Stanwood SR, Srikanth S, Lee J, To K, Abramson L, Yu T, Han T, Touma R, Li X, González-Navajas JM, Herdman S, Corr M, Fu G, Dong H, Gwack Y, Franco A, Jefferies WA, Raz E. The ion channel TRPV1 regulates the activation and proinflammatory properties of CD4⁺ T cells. Nat Immunol 2014; 15:1055-1063. [PMID: 25282159 PMCID: PMC4843825 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TRPV1 is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel studied mostly as a pain receptor in sensory neurons. However, its role in other cell types is poorly understood. Here we found that TRPV1 was functionally expressed in CD4(+) T cells, where it acted as a non-store-operated Ca(2+) channel and contributed to T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-induced Ca(2+) influx, TCR signaling and T cell activation. In models of T cell-mediated colitis, TRPV1 promoted colitogenic T cell responses and intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 in human CD4(+) T cells recapitulated the phenotype of mouse Trpv1(-/-) CD4(+) T cells. Our findings suggest that inhibition of TRPV1 could represent a new therapeutic strategy for restraining proinflammatory T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bertin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yukari Aoki-Nonaka
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274 Gakkocho 2-ban-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Petrus Rudolf de Jong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lilian L. Nohara
- Michael Smith Laboratories; Centre for Blood Research; The Brain Research Centre; Department of Medical Genetics; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongjian Xu
- Michael Smith Laboratories; Centre for Blood Research; The Brain Research Centre; Department of Medical Genetics; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shawna R. Stanwood
- Michael Smith Laboratories; Centre for Blood Research; The Brain Research Centre; Department of Medical Genetics; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Keith To
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lior Abramson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Timothy Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tiffany Han
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ranim Touma
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xiangli Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Scott Herdman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IMM1, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandra Franco
- Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wilfred A. Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories; Centre for Blood Research; The Brain Research Centre; Department of Medical Genetics; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eyal Raz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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191
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Lindy AS, Parekh PK, Zhu R, Kanju P, Chintapalli SV, Tsvilovskyy V, Patterson RL, Anishkin A, van Rossum DB, Liedtke WB. TRPV channel-mediated calcium transients in nociceptor neurons are dispensable for avoidance behaviour. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4734. [PMID: 25178952 PMCID: PMC4164786 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals need to sense and react to potentially dangerous environments. TRP ion channels participate in nociception, presumably via Ca2+ influx, in most animal species. However, the relationship between ion permeation and animals’ nocifensive behaviour is unknown. Here we use an invertebrate animal model with relevance for mammalian pain. We analyse the putative selectivity filter of OSM-9, a TRPV channel, in osmotic avoidance behaviour of Caenorhabditis elegans. Using mutagenized OSM-9 expressed in the head nociceptor neuron, ASH, we study nocifensive behaviour and Ca2+ influx. Within the selectivity filter, M601-F609, Y604G strongly reduces avoidance behaviour and eliminates Ca2+ transients. Y604F also abolishes Ca2+ transients in ASH, while sustaining avoidance behaviour, yet it disrupts behavioral plasticity. Homology modelling of the OSM-9 pore suggests that Y604 may assume a scaffolding role. Thus, aromatic residues in the OSM-9 selectivity filter are critical for pain behaviour and ion permeation. These findings have relevance for understanding evolutionary roots of mammalian nociception. TRPs are calcium-permeable channels involved in the sensing of damaging stimuli but the relationship between calcium influx and pain behaviour has been elusive. Here the authors find that the TRP channel OSM-9 functions as an ion channel in vivo in C. elegans, and establish residues that are critical for worm pain-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S Lindy
- 1] Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA [2] Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Puja K Parekh
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Richard Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Patrick Kanju
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Sree V Chintapalli
- 1] Department of Membrane Biology and Physiology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Randen L Patterson
- 1] Department of Membrane Biology and Physiology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Andriy Anishkin
- 1] Center for Computational Proteomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
| | - Damian B van Rossum
- 1] Center for Computational Proteomics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA [2] Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, USA
| | - Wolfgang B Liedtke
- 1] Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA [2] Duke University Clinics for Pain and Palliative Care, 932 Morreene Road, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA [3] Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA [4] Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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192
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Abstract
TRPV1 is a well-characterised channel expressed by a subset of peripheral sensory neurons involved in pain sensation and also at a number of other neuronal and non-neuronal sites in the mammalian body. Functionally, TRPV1 acts as a sensor for noxious heat (greater than ~42 °C). It can also be activated by some endogenous lipid-derived molecules, acidic solutions (pH < 6.5) and some pungent chemicals and food ingredients such as capsaicin, as well as by toxins such as resiniferatoxin and vanillotoxins. Structurally, TRPV1 subunits have six transmembrane (TM) domains with intracellular N- (containing 6 ankyrin-like repeats) and C-termini and a pore region between TM5 and TM6 containing sites that are important for channel activation and ion selectivity. The N- and C- termini have residues and regions that are sites for phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and PI(4,5)P2 binding, which regulate TRPV1 sensitivity and membrane insertion. The channel has several interacting proteins, some of which (e.g. AKAP79/150) are important for TRPV1 phosphorylation. Four TRPV1 subunits form a non-selective, outwardly rectifying ion channel permeable to monovalent and divalent cations with a single-channel conductance of 50-100 pS. TRPV1 channel kinetics reveal multiple open and closed states, and several models for channel activation by voltage, ligand binding and temperature have been proposed. Studies with TRPV1 agonists and antagonists and Trpv1 (-/-) mice have suggested a role for TRPV1 in pain, thermoregulation and osmoregulation, as well as in cough and overactive bladder. TRPV1 antagonists have advanced to clinical trials where findings of drug-induced hyperthermia and loss of heat sensitivity have raised questions about the viability of this therapeutic approach.
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193
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Nielsen N, Lindemann O, Schwab A. TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins: sensors and effectors of cancer and stroma cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5524-40. [PMID: 24724725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cells are strongly influenced by host cells within the tumour stroma and vice versa. This leads to the development of a tumour microenvironment with distinct physical and chemical properties that are permissive for tumour progression. The ability to migrate plays a central role in this mutual interaction. Migration of cancer cells is considered as a prerequisite for tumour metastasis and the migration of host stromal cells is required for reaching the tumour site. Increasing evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and STIM/ORAI proteins affect key calcium-dependent mechanisms implicated in both cancer and stroma cell migration. These include, among others, cytoskeletal remodelling, growth factor/cytokine signalling and production, and adaptation to tumour microenvironmental properties such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins in cancer and stroma cell migration. We focus on how TRP channel or STIM/ORAI-mediated Ca(2+) signalling directly or indirectly influences cancer and stroma cell migration by affecting the above listed mechanisms. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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194
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Pertusa M, González A, Hardy P, Madrid R, Viana F. Bidirectional modulation of thermal and chemical sensitivity of TRPM8 channels by the initial region of the N-terminal domain. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21828-43. [PMID: 24917670 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPM8, a nonselective cation channel activated by cold, voltage, and cooling compounds such as menthol, is the principal molecular detector of cold temperatures in primary sensory neurons of the somatosensory system. The N-terminal domain of TRPM8 consists of 693 amino acids, but little is known about its contribution to channel function. Here, we identified two distinct regions within the initial N terminus of TRPM8 that contribute differentially to channel activity and proper folding and assembly. Deletion or substitution of the first 40 residues yielded channels with augmented responses to cold and menthol. The thermal threshold of activation of these mutants was shifted 2 °C to higher temperatures, and the menthol dose-response curve was displaced to lower concentrations. Site-directed mutagenesis screening revealed that single point mutations at positions Ser-26 or Ser-27 by proline caused a comparable increase in the responses to cold and menthol. Electrophysiological analysis of the S27P mutant revealed that the enhanced sensitivity to agonists is related to a leftward shift in the voltage dependence of activation, increasing the probability of channel openings at physiological membrane potentials. In addition, we found that the region encompassing positions 40-60 is a key element in the proper folding and assembly of TRPM8. Different deletions and mutations within this region rendered channels with an impaired function that are retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results suggest a critical contribution of the initial region of the N-terminal domain of TRPM8 to thermal and chemical sensitivity and the proper biogenesis of this polymodal ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pertusa
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro González
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Paulina Hardy
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Rodolfo Madrid
- From the Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, 9160000 Santiago, Chile and
| | - Félix Viana
- the Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 03550 Alicante, Spain
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195
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Lalonde J, Saia G, Gill G. Store-operated calcium entry promotes the degradation of the transcription factor Sp4 in resting neurons. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra51. [PMID: 24894994 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling activated in response to membrane depolarization regulates neuronal maturation, connectivity, and plasticity. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) occurs in response to depletion of Ca(2+) from endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mediates refilling of this Ca(2+) store, and supports Ca(2+) signaling in nonexcitable cells. We report that maximal activation of SOCE occurred in cerebellar granule neurons cultured under resting conditions and that this Ca(2+) influx promoted the degradation of transcription factor Sp4, a regulator of neuronal morphogenesis and function. Lowering the concentration of extracellular potassium, a condition that reduces neuronal excitability, stimulated depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores, resulted in the relocalization of the ER Ca(2+) sensor STIM1 into punctate clusters consistent with multimerization and accumulation at junctions between the ER and plasma membrane, and induced a Ca(2+) influx with characteristics of SOCE. Compounds that block SOCE prevented the ubiquitylation and degradation of Sp4 in neurons exposed to a low concentration of extracellular potassium. Knockdown of STIM1 blocked degradation of Sp4, whereas expression of constitutively active STIM1 decreased Sp4 abundance under depolarizing conditions. Our findings indicated that, in neurons, SOCE is induced by hyperpolarization, and suggested that this Ca(2+) influx pathway is a distinct mechanism for regulating neuronal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Gregory Saia
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Cell, Molecular & Developmental Biology Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Grace Gill
- Department of Developmental, Molecular & Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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196
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Kang D, Wang J, Hogan JO, Vennekens R, Freichel M, White C, Kim D. Increase in cytosolic Ca2+ produced by hypoxia and other depolarizing stimuli activates a non-selective cation channel in chemoreceptor cells of rat carotid body. J Physiol 2014; 592:1975-92. [PMID: 24591572 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.266957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current model of O2 sensing by carotid body chemoreceptor (glomus) cells is that hypoxia inhibits the outward K(+) current and causes cell depolarization, Ca(2+) influx via voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels and a rise in intracellular [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]i). Here we show that hypoxia (<5% O2), in addition to inhibiting the two-pore domain K(+) channels TASK-1/3 (TASK), indirectly activates an ∼20 pS channel in isolated glomus cells. The 20 pS channel was permeable to K(+), Na(+) and Cs(+) but not to Cl(-) or Ca(2+). The 20 pS channel was not sensitive to voltage. Inhibition of TASK by external acid, depolarization of glomus cells with high external KCl (20 mm) or opening of the Ca(2+) channel with FPL64176 activated the 20 pS channel when 1 mm Ca(2+) was present in the external solution. Ca(2+) (10 μm) applied to the cytosolic side of inside-out patches activated the 20 pS channel. The threshold [Ca(2+)]i for activation of the 20 pS channel in cell-attached patches was ∼200 nm. The reversal potential of the 20 pS channel was estimated to be -28 mV. Our results reveal a sequential mechanism in which hypoxia (<5% O2) first inhibits the K(+) conductance and then activates a Na(+)-permeable, non-selective cation channel via depolarization-induced rise in [Ca(2+)]i. Our results suggest that inhibition of K(+) efflux and stimulation of Na(+) influx both contribute to the depolarization of glomus cells during moderate to severe hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Kang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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197
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Signal Transduction in Astrocytes during Chronic or Acute Treatment with Drugs (SSRIs, Antibipolar Drugs, GABA-ergic Drugs, and Benzodiazepines) Ameliorating Mood Disorders. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2014; 2014:593934. [PMID: 24707399 PMCID: PMC3953578 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic treatment with fluoxetine or other so-called serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (SSRIs) or with a lithium salt “lithium”, carbamazepine, or valproic acid, the three classical antibipolar drugs, exerts a multitude of effects on astrocytes, which in turn modulate astrocyte-neuronal interactions and brain function. In the case of the SSRIs, they are to a large extent due to 5-HT2B-mediated upregulation and editing of genes. These alterations induce alteration in effects of cPLA2, GluK2, and the 5-HT2B receptor, probably including increases in both glucose metabolism and glycogen turnover, which in combination have therapeutic effect on major depression. The ability of increased levels of extracellular K+ to increase [Ca2+]i is increased as a sign of increased K+-induced excitability in astrocytes. Acute anxiolytic drug treatment with benzodiazepines or GABAA receptor stimulation has similar glycogenolysis-enhancing effects. The antibipolar drugs induce intracellular alkalinization in astrocytes with lithium acting on one acid extruder and carbamazepine and valproic acid on a different acid extruder. They inhibit K+-induced and transmitter-induced increase of astrocytic [Ca2+]i and thereby probably excitability. In several cases, they exert different changes in gene expression than SSRIs, determined both in cultured astrocytes and in freshly isolated astrocytes from drug-treated animals.
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198
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Abstract
Human canonical transient receptor potential channel 5 (TRPC5) has been cloned from the Xq23 region on chromosome X as a suspect in nonsyndromic mental retardation. TRPC5 is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel predominantly expressed in the CNS, including the hippocampus, cerebellum, amygdala, sensory neurons, and retina. It also shows more restricted expression in the periphery, notably in the kidney and cardiovascular system. Homotetrameric TRPC5 channels are primarily activated by receptors coupled to Gq and phospholipase C and/or Gi proteins, but TRPC5 channels may also gate in a store-dependent manner, which requires other partner proteins such TRPC1, STIM1, and Orai1. There is an impressive array of other activators of TRPC5 channels, such as nitric oxide, lysophospholipids, sphingosine-1-phosphate, reduced thioredoxin, protons, lanthanides, and calcium, and many can cause its direct activation. Moreover, TRPC5 shows constitutive activity, and it is responsive to membrane stretch and cold. Thus, TRPC5 channels have significant potential for synergistic activation and may serve as an important focal point in Ca(2+) signalling and electrogenesis. Moreover, TRPC5 functions in partnership with about 60 proteins, including TRPC1, TRPC4, calmodulin, IP3 receptors, NHERF, NCS-1, junctate, stathmin 2, Ca(2+)-binding protein 1, caveolin, and SESTD1, while its desensitisation is mediated by both protein kinases A and C. TRPC5 has a distinct voltage dependence shared only with its closest relative, TRPC4. Its unique N-shaped activation curve underlined by intracellular Mg(2+) block seems to be perfectly "shaped" to trigger action potential discharge, but not to grossly interfere with the action potential shape. The range of biological functions of TRPC5 channels is also impressive, from neurotransmission to control of axon guidance and vascular smooth muscle cell migration and contractility. Recent studies of Trpc5 gene knockouts begin to uncover its roles in fear, anxiety, seizures, and cold sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zholos
- Department of Biophysics, Educational and Scientific Centre "Institute of Biology", Taras Shevchenko Kiev National University, Kiev, 03022, Ukraine,
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199
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Abstract
TRPM5 is a Ca(2+)-activated cation channel that mediates signaling in taste and other chemosensory cells. Within taste cells, TRPM5 is the final element in a signaling cascade that starts with the activation of G protein-coupled receptors by bitter, sweet, or umami taste molecules and that requires the enzyme PLCβ2. PLCβ2 breaks down PIP2 into DAG and IP3, and the ensuing release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores activates TRPM5. Since its initial discovery in the taste system, TRPM5 has been found to be distributed in sparse chemosensory cells located throughout the digestive track, in the respiratory system, and in the olfactory system. It is also found in pancreatic islets, where it contributes to insulin secretion. This review highlights recent work on the mechanisms of the activation of the TRPM5 channel and its regulation by voltage, phosphoinositides, temperature, and pH. The distribution of the channel in the body and its functional contribution to various sensory and nonsensory processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Liman
- Section of Neurobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3641 Watt Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA,
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200
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Abstract
The TRPC1 ion channel was the first mammalian TRP channel to be cloned. In humans, it is encoded by the TRPC1 gene located in chromosome 3. The protein is predicted to consist of six transmembrane segments with the N- and C-termini located in the cytoplasm. The extracellular loop connecting transmembrane segments 5 and 6 participates in the formation of the ionic pore region. Inside the cell, TRPC1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, intracellular vesicles, and primary cilium, an antenna-like sensory organelle functioning as a signaling platform. In human and rodent tissues, it shows an almost ubiquitous expression. TRPC1 interacts with a diverse group of proteins including ion channel subunits, receptors, and cytosolic proteins to mediate its effect on Ca(2+) signaling. It primarily functions as a cation nonselective channel within pathways controlling Ca(2+) entry in response to cell surface receptor activation. Through these pathways, it affects basic cell functions, such as proliferation and survival, differentiation, secretion, and cell migration, as well as cell type-specific functions such as chemotropic turning of neuronal growth cones and myoblast fusion. The biological role of TRPC1 has been studied in genetically engineered mice where the Trpc1 gene has been experimentally ablated. Although these mice live to adulthood, they show defects in several organs and tissues, such as the cardiovascular, central nervous, skeletal and muscular, and immune systems. Genetic and functional studies have implicated TRPC1 in diabetic nephropathy, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cancer, seizures, and Darier-White skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Nesin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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