151
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Mitochondrial respiration controls neoangiogenesis during wound healing and tumour growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3653. [PMID: 32694534 PMCID: PMC7374592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature represents a highly plastic compartment, capable of switching from a quiescent to an active proliferative state during angiogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming in endothelial cells (ECs) thereby is crucial to cover the increasing cellular energy demand under growth conditions. Here we assess the impact of mitochondrial bioenergetics on neovascularisation, by deleting cox10 gene encoding an assembly factor of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) specifically in mouse ECs, providing a model for vasculature-restricted respiratory deficiency. We show that EC-specific cox10 ablation results in deficient vascular development causing embryonic lethality. In adult mice induction of EC-specific cox10 gene deletion produces no overt phenotype. However, the angiogenic capacity of COX-deficient ECs is severely compromised under energetically demanding conditions, as revealed by significantly delayed wound-healing and impaired tumour growth. We provide genetic evidence for a requirement of mitochondrial respiration in vascular endothelial cells for neoangiogenesis during development, tissue repair and cancer. During angiogenesis the vasculature switches from a quiescent to a proliferative state. Here the authors show that mitochondrial respiration in endothelial cells controls angiogenesis during development, tumour growth and tissue repair.
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152
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Barman PK, Koh TJ. Macrophage Dysregulation and Impaired Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:528. [PMID: 32671072 PMCID: PMC7333180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) play important roles in normal skin wound healing, and dysregulation of wound Mo/Mϕ leads to impaired wound healing in diabetes. Although skin wound Mϕ originate both from tissue resident Mϕ and infiltrating bone marrow-derived Mo, the latter play dominant roles during the inflammatory phase of wound repair. Increased production of bone marrow Mo caused by alterations of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) niche and epigenetic modifications of HSPCs likely contributes to the enhanced number of wound Mϕ in diabetes. In addition, an impaired transition of diabetic wound Mϕ from “pro-inflammatory” to “pro-healing” phenotypes driven by the local wound environment as well as intrinsic changes in bone marrow Mo is also thought to be partly responsible for impaired diabetic wound healing. The current brief review describes the origin, heterogeneity and function of wound Mϕ during normal skin wound healing followed by discussion of how dysregulated wound Mϕ numbers and phenotype are associated with impaired diabetic wound healing. The review also highlights the possible links between altered bone marrow myelopoiesis and increased Mo production as well as extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drive wound macrophage dysregulation leading to impaired wound healing in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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153
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Lubos N, van der Gaag S, Gerçek M, Kant S, Leube RE, Krusche CA. Inflammation shapes pathogenesis of murine arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:42. [PMID: 32529556 PMCID: PMC7289786 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an incurable genetic disease, whose pathogenesis is poorly understood. AC is characterized by arrhythmia, fibrosis, and cardiodilation that may lead to sudden cardiac death or heart failure. To elucidate AC pathogenesis and to design possible treatment strategies of AC, multiple murine models have been established. Among them, mice carrying desmoglein 2 mutations are particularly valuable given the identification of desmoglein 2 mutations in human AC and the detection of desmoglein 2 auto-antibodies in AC patients. Using two mouse strains producing either a mutant desmoglein 2 or lacking desmoglein 2 in cardiomyocytes, we test the hypothesis that inflammation is a major component of disease pathogenesis. We show that multifocal cardiomyocyte necrosis initiates a neutrophil-dominated inflammatory response, which also involves macrophages and T cells. Increased expression of Ccl2/Ccr2, Ccl3/Ccr5, and Cxcl5/Cxcr2 mRNA reflects the observed immune cell recruitment. During the ensuing acute disease phase, Mmp12+ and Spp1+ macrophages and T cells accumulate in scars, which mature from cell- to collagen-rich. The expression of Cx3cl1/Cx3cr1, Ccl2/Ccr2, and Cxcl10/Cxcr3 dominates this disease phase. We furthermore find that during chronic disease progression macrophages and T cells persist within mature scars and are present in expanding interstitial fibrosis. Ccl12 and Cx3cl1 are predominant chemokines in this disease phase. Together, our observations provide strong evidence that specific immune cell populations and chemokine expression profiles modulate inflammatory and repair processes throughout AC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lubos
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja van der Gaag
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Muhammed Gerçek
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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154
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Sakamaki Y, Ozdemir J, Perez AD, Heidrick Z, Watson O, Tsuji M, Salmon C, Batta-Mpouma J, Azzun A, Lomonte V, Du Y, Stenken J, Woo-Kim J, Beyzavi MH. Maltotriose Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks for Selective Targeting and Photodynamic Therapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Tumor Associated Macrophages. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3. [PMID: 33072859 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a nano-MOF conjugated to maltotriose as a new DDS. MA-PCN-224-0.1Mn/0.9Zn showed its ability to target cancer and TAM. This novel MOF is an effective PDT agent and shows little dark toxicity, MA-PCN-224-0.1Mn/0.9Zn uptakes selectively into cancer cells. A well-suited size control methodology was used so that the nano-scaled MOFs may take advantage of the EPR effect. This development of a nano-scale MOF for PDT that is conjugated to a cancer targeting ligand represents a meaningful development for the use of MOFs as drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Sakamaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - John Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Alda Diaz Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Zachary Heidrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Olivia Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Miu Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Chirstopher Salmon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Joseph Batta-Mpouma
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Anthony Azzun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Valerie Lomonte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yuchun Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Julie Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jin Woo-Kim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - M Hassan Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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155
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Mano O, Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Rudolph MC, Zirak B, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, López-Giráldez F, Zarini S, Rezza A, Clark DA, Rendl M, Rosenblum MD, Gerstein MB, Horsley V. Dermal Adipocyte Lipolysis and Myofibroblast Conversion Are Required for Efficient Skin Repair. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:880-895.e6. [PMID: 32302523 PMCID: PMC7853423 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature adipocytes store fatty acids and are a common component of tissue stroma. Adipocyte function in regulating bone marrow, skin, muscle, and mammary gland biology is emerging, but the role of adipocyte-derived lipids in tissue homeostasis and repair is poorly understood. Here, we identify an essential role for adipocyte lipolysis in regulating inflammation and repair after injury in skin. Genetic mouse studies revealed that dermal adipocytes are necessary to initiate inflammation after injury and promote subsequent repair. We find through histological, ultrastructural, lipidomic, and genetic experiments in mice that adipocytes adjacent to skin injury initiate lipid release necessary for macrophage inflammation. Tamoxifen-inducible genetic lineage tracing of mature adipocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that dermal adipocytes alter their fate and generate ECM-producing myofibroblasts within wounds. Thus, adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Omer Mano
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Simona Zarini
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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156
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Rajesh A, Stuart G, Real N, Ahn J, Tschirley A, Wise L, Hibma M. Depletion of langerin + cells enhances cutaneous wound healing. Immunology 2020; 160:366-381. [PMID: 32307696 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type lectin receptor that is expressed on Langerhans cells and langerin-positive dermal dendritic cells in the skin. Little is known about the function of langerin+ cells in wound healing. In this study, the effects of ablation of langerin+ cells on healing of a full-thickness excision wound were investigated using the langerin-DTR depletable mouse. Strikingly, depletion of langerin+ cells resulted in more rapid reduction in wound area. Accelerated wound healing in the langerin+ -cell-depleted group was characterized by enhanced neo-epidermis and granulation tissue formation, and increased cellular proliferation within the newly formed tissues. Accelerated healing in the absence of langerin+ cells was associated with increased levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, F4/80+ cells and blood vessels within the granulation tissue. These data support an inhibitory role for langerin+ cells during wound healing. Therapies that suppress langerin+ cells or their function may therefore have utility in progressing the healing of wounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella Stuart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Real
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Merilyn Hibma
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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157
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Joshi N, Pohlmeier L, Ben-Yehuda Greenwald M, Haertel E, Hiebert P, Kopf M, Werner S. Comprehensive characterization of myeloid cells during wound healing in healthy and healing-impaired diabetic mice. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1335-1349. [PMID: 32306381 PMCID: PMC7496577 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing involves the concerted action of various lymphoid and in particular myeloid cell populations. To characterize and quantitate different types of myeloid cells and to obtain information on their kinetics during wound healing, we performed multiparametric flow cytometry analysis. In healthy mice, neutrophil numbers increased early after injury and returned to near basal levels after completion of healing. Macrophages, monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DCs), and eosinophils were abundant throughout the healing phase, in particular in early wounds, and Langerhans cells increased after wounding and remained elevated after epithelial closure. Major differences in healing‐impaired diabetic mice were a much higher percentage of immune cells in late wounds, mainly as a result of neutrophil, macrophage, and monocyte persistence; reduced numbers and percentages of macrophages and monocyte‐derived DCs in early wounds; and of Langerhans cells, conventional DCs, and eosinophils throughout the healing process. Finally, unbiased cluster analysis (PhenoGraph) identified a large number of different clusters of myeloid cells in skin wounds. These results provide insight into myeloid cell diversity and dynamics during wound repair and highlight the abnormal inflammatory response associated with impaired healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Joshi
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea Pohlmeier
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eric Haertel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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158
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Graney PL, Ben-Shaul S, Landau S, Bajpai A, Singh B, Eager J, Cohen A, Levenberg S, Spiller KL. Macrophages of diverse phenotypes drive vascularization of engineered tissues. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6391. [PMID: 32494664 PMCID: PMC7195167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are key contributors to vascularization, but the mechanisms behind their actions are not understood. Here, we show that diverse macrophage phenotypes have distinct effects on endothelial cell behavior, with resulting effects on vascularization of engineered tissues. In Transwell coculture, proinflammatory M1 macrophages caused endothelial cells to up-regulate genes associated with sprouting angiogenesis, whereas prohealing (M2a), proremodeling (M2c), and anti-inflammatory (M2f) macrophages promoted up-regulation of genes associated with pericyte cell differentiation. In 3D tissue-engineered human blood vessel networks in vitro, short-term exposure (1 day) to M1 macrophages increased vessel formation, while long-term exposure (3 days) caused regression. When human tissue-engineered blood vessel networks were implanted into athymic mice, macrophages expressing markers of both M1 and M2 phenotypes wrapped around and bridged adjacent vessels and formed vessel-like structures themselves. Last, depletion of host macrophages inhibited remodeling of engineered vessels, infiltration of host vessels, and anastomosis with host vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Graney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Ben-Shaul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - S. Landau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A. Bajpai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B. Singh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J. Eager
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. Cohen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Corresponding author. (S.L.); (K.L.S.)
| | - K. L. Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.L.); (K.L.S.)
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159
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Kraynak CA, Yan DJ, Suggs LJ. Modulating inflammatory macrophages with an apoptotic body-inspired nanoparticle. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:250-260. [PMID: 32251779 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation because of their diverse and plastic phenotypic responses to extracellular stimuli. Inflammatory stimuli drive the recruitment and activation of inflammatory (M1) macrophages, capable of significant cytokine production that potentiates inflammation. Local environmental signals including apoptotic cell efferocytosis drive a phenotypic transition toward pro-reparative (M2) macrophages to facilitate the resolution of inflammation. However, prolonged or dysregulated inflammatory macrophage response contributes to many disease states and tissue damage. We have developed a nanoparticle to help resolve macrophage-mediated inflammation by mimicking the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic cell engulfment. The nanoparticle, comprised of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) core, is coated in phosphatidylserine (PS)-supplemented cell plasma membrane to emulate key characteristics of the apoptotic cell surface. These apoptotic body-inspired PS/membrane-coated nanoparticles (PS-MNPs) reduce inflammatory cytokine expression to promote an anti-inflammatory, phenotypic shift in macrophages in vitro, without the use of small molecule inhibitors or other drugs. Specifically, PS-MNP treatment before lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory challenge resulted in a 2.5-fold reduction in secreted tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) at 24 h, with co-treatment of PS-MNPs and LPS demonstrating a 5-fold TNFα reduction compared to LPS alone. Reduced TNFα production, as well as gene expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, correlated with a reduction in NFκB activation from PS-MNP treatment. The development of a nanoparticle to reduce the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and transition away from an inflammatory macrophage phenotype, through the use of a physiologic anti-inflammatory pathway, illustrates a new potential strategy in creating anti-inflammatory therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Macrophages propagate inflammation as the major source of cytokine production in the body. In inflammatory diseases, pro-inflammatory macrophages persist in the site of inflammation and exacerbate tissue destruction. Current anti-inflammatory drugs have significant drawbacks, including variable response rates and off-target effects. Here, we have developed an apoptotic-body inspired nanoparticle to modulate inflammatory macrophage phenotype. This polymeric nanoparticle is coated with phosphatidylserine-supplemented cell plasma membrane to mimic the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic cell engulfment. Nanoparticle delivery reduces inflammatory cytokine production and promotes an anti-inflammatory phenotypic macrophage shift. The capacity of these nanoparticles to help resolve macrophage-mediated inflammation may be a useful tool to study macrophage-apoptotic cell interactions, the role of macrophages in inflammatory diseases, and in the design of anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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160
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Xu M, Xie F, Tang X, Wang T, Wang S. Insights into the role of circular RNA in macrophage activation and fibrosis disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104777. [PMID: 32244027 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs which form a covalent bond structure without a 5' cap or a 3' polyadenylated tail, which is deleted through back-splicing. The expression of circRNAs in highly divergent eukaryotes is abundant. With the development of high-throughput sequencing, the mysteries of circRNAs have gradually been revealed. Increased attention has been paid to determining their biological functions and whether their changed expression profiles are linked to disease progression. Functionally, circRNAs have been shown to act as miRNA sponges or nuclear transcription factor regulators, and to play a part in RNA splicing. Various types of circRNAs have been discovered to be differentially expressed under steady physiological and pathological conditions. Recently, several studies have focused on the roles of circRNAs in macrophages on inflammatory stimulation. In this study, we review the current advances in the understanding of circRNAs in macrophages under various pathological conditions, in particular during organ fibrosis, and summarize possible directions for future circRNA applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feiting Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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161
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Davis FM, denDekker A, Kimball A, Joshi AD, El Azzouny M, Wolf SJ, Obi AT, Lipinski J, Gudjonsson JE, Xing X, Plazyo O, Audu C, Melvin WJ, Singer K, Henke PK, Moore BB, Burant C, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Epigenetic Regulation of TLR4 in Diabetic Macrophages Modulates Immunometabolism and Wound Repair. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2503-2513. [PMID: 32205424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for the initiation and resolution of the inflammatory phase of wound healing. In diabetes, macrophages display a prolonged inflammatory phenotype preventing tissue repair. TLRs, particularly TLR4, have been shown to regulate myeloid-mediated inflammation in wounds. We examined macrophages isolated from wounds of patients afflicted with diabetes and healthy controls as well as a murine diabetic model demonstrating dynamic expression of TLR4 results in altered metabolic pathways in diabetic macrophages. Further, using a myeloid-specific mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) knockout (Mll1f/fLyz2Cre+ ), we determined that MLL1 drives Tlr4 expression in diabetic macrophages by regulating levels of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation on the Tlr4 promoter. Mechanistically, MLL1-mediated epigenetic alterations influence diabetic macrophage responsiveness to TLR4 stimulation and inhibit tissue repair. Pharmacological inhibition of the TLR4 pathway using a small molecule inhibitor (TAK-242) as well as genetic depletion of either Tlr4 (Tlr4-/- ) or myeloid-specific Tlr4 (Tlr4f/fLyz2Cre+) resulted in improved diabetic wound healing. These results define an important role for MLL1-mediated epigenetic regulation of TLR4 in pathologic diabetic wound repair and suggest a target for therapeutic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M Davis
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aaron denDekker
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrew Kimball
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Amrita D Joshi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Sonya J Wolf
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Andrea T Obi
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jay Lipinski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Christopher Audu
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - William J Melvin
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter K Henke
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and.,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; .,Department Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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162
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Recombinant HvRNASET2 protein induces marked connective tissue remodelling in the invertebrate model Hirudo verbana. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:565-579. [PMID: 32043208 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The RNASET2 ribonuclease, belonging to the highly conserved RH/T2/s RNase gene family, has been recently shown to modulate inflammatory processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Indeed, the RNASET2 protein acts as a chemoattractor for macrophages in both in vitro and in vivo experimental settings and its expression significantly increases following bacterial infections. Moreover, we recently observed that injection of human recombinant RNASET2 protein in the body wall of the medicinal leech (a consolidated invertebrate model for both immune response and tissue regeneration) not only induced immune cell recruitment but also apparently triggered massive connective tissue remodelling as well. Based on these data, we evaluate here a possible role of leech recombinant RNASET2 protein (rHvRNASET2) in connective tissue remodelling by characterizing the cell types involved in this process through histochemical, morphological and immunofluorescent assays. Moreover, a time-course expression analysis of newly synthesized pro-collagen1α1 (COL1α1) and basic FGF receptor (bFGFR, a known fibroblast marker) following rHvRNASET2 injection in the leech body wall further supported the occurrence of rHvRNASET2-mediated matrix remodelling. Human MRC-5 fibroblast cells were also investigated in order to evaluate their pattern of collagen neosynthesis driven by rHvRNASET2 injection.Taken together, the data reported in this work provide compelling evidence in support of a pleiotropic role for RNASET2 in orchestrating an evolutionarily conserved crosstalk between inflammatory response and regenerative process, based on macrophage recruitment and fibroblast activation, coupled to a massive extracellular reorganization.
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163
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Lin J, Mohamed I, Lin PH, Shirahama H, Milbreta U, Sieow JL, Peng Y, Bugiani M, Wong SC, Levinson H, Chew SY. Modulating Macrophage Phenotype by Sustained MicroRNA Delivery Improves Host-Implant Integration. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901257. [PMID: 31854130 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical implant failure due to the host's response remains a challenging problem. In particular, the formation of the fibrous capsule is a common barrier for the normal function of implants. Currently, there is mounting evidence indicating that the polarization state of macrophages plays an important role in effecting the foreign body reaction (FBR). This opens up a potential avenue for improving host-implant integration. Here, electrospun poly(caprolactone-co-ethyl ethylene phosphate) nanofiber scaffolds are utilized to deliver microRNAs (miRs) to induce macrophage polarization and modulate FBR. Specifically, C57BL/6 mice that are treated with M2-inducing miRs, Let-7c and miR-124, display relatively thinner fibrous capsule formation around the scaffolds at both Week 2 and 4, as compared to treatment with M1-inducing miR, Anti-Let-7c. Histological analysis shows that the density of blood vessels in the scaffolds are the highest in miR-124 treatment group, followed by Anti-Let-7c and Let-7c treatment groups. Based on immunohistochemical quantifications, these miR-encapsulated nanofiber scaffolds are useful for localized and sustained delivery of functional miRs and are able to modulate macrophage polarization during the first 2 weeks of implantation to result in significant alteration in host-implant integration at longer time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junquan Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartments of Surgery and PathologyDuke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Po Hen Lin
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Hitomi Shirahama
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Ulla Milbreta
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Je Lin Sieow
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Biomedical Sciences InstituteASTAR Immunos Singapore 138648 Singapore
| | - Yanfen Peng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Departments of Child Neurology and PathologyNeuroscience Campus AmsterdamVU University Medical Center Amsterdam 1081 HV The Netherlands
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)Biomedical Sciences InstituteASTAR Immunos Singapore 138648 Singapore
| | - Howard Levinson
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartments of Surgery and PathologyDuke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA
- Department of PathologyDuke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University Singapore 637459 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University Singapore 308232 Singapore
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164
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Abstract
Guided by organ-specific signals in both development and disease response, the heterogeneous endothelial cell population is a dynamic member of the vasculature. Functioning as the gatekeeper to fluid, inflammatory cells, oxygen, and nutrients, endothelial cell communication with its local environment is critical. Impairment of endothelial cell-cell communication not only disrupts this signaling process, but also contributes to pathologic disease progression. Expanding our understanding of those processes that mediate endothelial cell-cell communication is an important step in the approach to treatment of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Lee
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
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165
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Ramadan WS, Zaher DM, Altaie AM, Talaat IM, Elmoselhi A. Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Lung and Breast Cancers through Understanding the Anti-Angiogenesis Resistance Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020565. [PMID: 31952335 PMCID: PMC7014257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and lung cancers are among the top cancer types in terms of incidence and mortality burden worldwide. One of the challenges in the treatment of breast and lung cancers is their resistance to administered drugs, as observed with angiogenesis inhibitors. Based on clinical and pre-clinical findings, these two types of cancers have gained the ability to resist angiogenesis inhibitors through several mechanisms that rely on cellular and extracellular factors. This resistance is mediated through angiogenesis-independent vascularization, and it is related to cancer cells and their microenvironment. The mechanisms that cancer cells utilize include metabolic symbiosis and invasion, and they also take advantage of neighboring cells like macrophages, endothelial cells, myeloid and adipose cells. Overcoming resistance is of great interest, and researchers are investigating possible strategies to enhance sensitivity towards angiogenesis inhibitors. These strategies involved targeting multiple players in angiogenesis, epigenetics, hypoxia, cellular metabolism and the immune system. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms of resistance to angiogenesis inhibitors and to highlight recently developed approaches to overcome this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S. Ramadan
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (W.S.R.); (D.M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (A.E.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Dana M. Zaher
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (W.S.R.); (D.M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (A.E.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Alaa M. Altaie
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (W.S.R.); (D.M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (A.E.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (W.S.R.); (D.M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (A.E.)
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 21526 Alexandria, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-65057221
| | - Adel Elmoselhi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE; (W.S.R.); (D.M.Z.); (A.M.A.); (A.E.)
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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166
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Clark AY, Martin KE, García JR, Johnson CT, Theriault HS, Han WM, Zhou DW, Botchwey EA, García AJ. Integrin-specific hydrogels modulate transplanted human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell survival, engraftment, and reparative activities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:114. [PMID: 31913286 PMCID: PMC6949269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14000-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies are limited by poor cell survival and engraftment. A hurdle to the use of materials for cell delivery is the lack of understanding of material properties that govern transplanted stem cell functionality. Here, we show that synthetic hydrogels presenting integrin-specific peptides enhance the survival, persistence, and osteo-reparative functions of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transplanted in murine bone defects. Integrin-specific hydrogels regulate hMSC adhesion, paracrine signaling, and osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Hydrogels presenting GFOGER, a peptide targeting α2β1 integrin, prolong hMSC survival and engraftment in a segmental bone defect and result in improved bone repair compared to other peptides. Integrin-specific hydrogels have diverse pleiotropic effects on hMSC reparative activities, modulating in vitro cytokine secretion and in vivo gene expression for effectors associated with inflammation, vascularization, and bone formation. These results demonstrate that integrin-specific hydrogels improve tissue healing by directing hMSC survival, engraftment, and reparative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Y Clark
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Karen E Martin
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - José R García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Christopher T Johnson
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hannah S Theriault
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dennis W Zhou
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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167
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Gouveia-Fernandes S. Monocytes and Macrophages in Cancer: Unsuspected Roles. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1219:161-185. [PMID: 32130699 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34025-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of cancer is undoubtedly affected by stroma. Macrophages belong to this microenvironment and their presence correlates with reduced survival in most cancers. After a tumor-induced "immunoediting", these monocytes/macrophages, originally the first line of defense against tumor cells, undergo a phenotypic switch and become tumor-supportive and immunosuppressive.The influence of these tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on cancer is present in all traits of carcinogenesis. These cells participate in tumor initiation and growth, migration, vascularization, invasion and metastasis. Although metastasis is extremely clinically relevant, this step is always reliant on the angiogenic ability of tumors. Therefore, the formation of new blood vessels in tumors assumes particular importance as a limiting step for disease progression.Herein, the once unsuspected roles of macrophages in cancer will be discussed and their importance as a promising strategy to treat this group of diseases will be reminded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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168
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Lopes-Coelho F, Silva F, Gouveia-Fernandes S, Martins C, Lopes N, Domingues G, Brito C, Almeida AM, Pereira SA, Serpa J. Monocytes as Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs), Another Brick in the Wall to Disentangle Tumor Angiogenesis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010107. [PMID: 31906296 PMCID: PMC7016533 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow contains endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) that, upon pro-angiogenic stimuli, migrate and differentiate into endothelial cells (ECs) and contribute to re-endothelialization and neo-vascularization. There are currently no reliable markers to characterize EPCs, leading to their inaccurate identification. In the past, we showed that, in a panel of tumors, some cells on the vessel wall co-expressed CD14 (monocytic marker) and CD31 (EC marker), indicating a putative differentiation route of monocytes into ECs. Herein, we disclosed monocytes as potential EPCs, using in vitro and in vivo models, and also addressed the cancer context. Monocytes acquired the capacity to express ECs markers and were able to be incorporated into blood vessels, contributing to cancer progression, by being incorporated in tumor neo-vasculature. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) push monocytes to EC differentiation, and this phenotype is reverted by cysteine (a scavenger and precursor of glutathione), which indicates that angiogenesis is controlled by the interplay between the oxidative stress and the scavenging capacity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Fernanda Silva
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Sofia Gouveia-Fernandes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Carmo Martins
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Nuno Lopes
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Germana Domingues
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Estação Agronómica, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; (N.L.); (C.B.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - António M Almeida
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Hospital da Luz, Av. Lusíada 100, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.L.-C.); (F.S.); (S.G.-F.); (G.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof. Lima Basto 1099-023 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +350-217-229-800; Fax: +351-217-248-756
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169
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Wilgus TA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Cutaneous Scarring. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2019; 8:671-678. [PMID: 31750015 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2018.0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The proangiogenic mediator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in cutaneous wound repair. Most of the work on VEGF and wound healing has focused on its role in mediating angiogenesis and how this affects wound closure rates. Less is known about how VEGF affects other phases of wound healing, including scar formation. Recent Advances: Over the last 10 years, mounting evidence suggests that VEGF plays an important role in regulating scar tissue production. Multiple studies have linked high VEGF levels with scar formation in normal, hypertrophic, and keloid scars. In addition, there is experimental evidence that VEGF inhibition can reduce scar tissue deposition. Critical Issues: While there is evidence that VEGF can promote scar formation in the skin, there are several unanswered questions that remain. First, the mechanisms by which VEGF promotes scar formation have not been completely characterized. While both indirect and direct mechanisms could be involved, clear evidence for a specific mechanism is lacking. In addition, despite the availability of anti-VEGF drugs, the potential value in targeting VEGF to attenuate scar formation clinically is not yet known. Future Directions: While there are a significant number of studies examining the effects of VEGF on angiogenesis and wound closure, much less attention has been paid to the contribution of VEGF to scar tissue production. Additional studies are required to learn more about how VEGF regulates scar formation and whether VEGF inhibition could be used clinically to manage scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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170
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Venosa A, Smith LC, Murray A, Banota T, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Regulation of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Nitrogen Mustard (NM)-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Lung Lipids. Toxicol Sci 2019; 172:344-358. [PMID: 31428777 PMCID: PMC6876262 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant known to target the lung, causing acute injury which progresses to fibrosis. Evidence suggests that activated macrophages contribute to the pathologic response to NM. In these studies, we analyzed the role of lung lipids generated following NM exposure on macrophage activation and phenotype. Treatment of rats with NM (0.125 mg/kg, i.t.) resulted in a time-related increase in enlarged vacuolated macrophages in the lung. At 28 days postexposure, macrophages stained positively for Oil Red O, a marker of neutral lipids. This was correlated with an accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in lung macrophages and epithelial cells and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) phospholipids and cholesterol. RNA-sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that lipid handling pathways under the control of the transcription factors liver-X receptor (LXR), farnesoid-X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-ɣ, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) were significantly altered following NM exposure. Whereas at 1-3 days post NM, FXR and the downstream oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, Cd36, were increased, Lxr and the lipid efflux transporters, Abca1 and Abcg1, were reduced. Treatment of naïve lung macrophages with phospholipid and cholesterol enriched large aggregate fractions of BAL prepared 3 days after NM exposure resulted in upregulation of Nos2 and Ptgs2, markers of proinflammatory activation, whereas large aggregate fractions prepared 28 days post NM upregulated expression of the anti-inflammatory markers, Il10, Cd163, and Cx3cr1, and induced the formation of lipid-laden foamy macrophages. These data suggest that NM-induced alterations in lipid handling and metabolism drive macrophage foam cell formation, potentially contributing to the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Ley Cody Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Tanvi Banota
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
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171
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Pang J, Urao N, Koh TJ. Proliferation of Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages contributes to their accumulation in mouse skin wounds. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:551-560. [PMID: 31777992 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi1119-389rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages (Mo/MΦ) play critical roles in all phases of skin wound healing. The majority of these cells are thought to be recruited from blood Mo; however, the role local proliferation of Mo/MΦ in the wound has not been defined. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that local proliferation of Mo and/or MΦ contributes to their accumulation during wound healing. Male C57Bl/6 mice (N = 4-9/group) were subjected to excisional skin wounding. Proliferating Mo/MΦ (F4/80+Ki67+) were observed in wound cryosections, peaking on day 5 post-wounding. Cell cycle analysis on cells isolated from skin tissue revealed that wounding increased both the number and percentage of inflammatory Ly6C+F4/80lo/- Mo/MΦ in the S/G2/M phases, peaking on day 6 post-wounding. In contrast, more mature Ly6C-F4/80+ cells were found predominantly in the G0 phase with less than 1% cells in S/G2/M phase following injury. In peripheral blood, Mo were very rarely found in the S/G2/M phase, suggesting that the wound environment triggered the Ly6C+F4/80lo/- Mo proliferative response. Furthermore, injury induced several potential regulators of proliferation in wounds, including IL-1β and IL-6, and wound Mo/MΦ expressed surface receptors for these cytokines. However, wound Mo/MΦ proliferation was not altered in IL-1R1 knockout (KO) or IL-6 KO mice. In summary, our findings indicate that proliferation contributes to Mo/MΦ accumulation in wounds and, contrary to findings in other pathophysiologic conditions, Ly6C+/F4/80lo/- Mo/MΦ proliferate during skin wound healing whereas mature Ly6C-F4/80+ MΦ do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Pang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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172
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Du Cheyne C, Tay H, De Spiegelaere W. The complex TIE between macrophages and angiogenesis. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:585-596. [PMID: 31774212 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are primarily known as phagocytic immune cells, but they also play a role in diverse processes, such as morphogenesis, homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the influence of macrophages on angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from the pre-existing vasculature. Macrophages play crucial roles at each step of the angiogenic cascade, starting from new blood vessel sprouting to the remodelling of the vascular plexus and vessel maturation. Macrophages form promising targets for both pro- and anti-angiogenic treatments. However, to target macrophages, we will first need to understand the mechanisms that control the functional plasticity of macrophages during each of the steps of the angiogenic cascade. Here, we review recent insights in this topic. Special attention will be given to the TIE2-expressing macrophage (TEM), which is a subtype of highly angiogenic macrophages that is able to influence angiogenesis via the angiopoietin-TIE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Du Cheyne
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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173
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Wenstedt EF, Verberk SG, Kroon J, Neele AE, Baardman J, Claessen N, Pasaoglu ÖT, Rademaker E, Schrooten EM, Wouda RD, de Winther MP, Aten J, Vogt L, Van den Bossche J. Salt increases monocyte CCR2 expression and inflammatory responses in humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:130508. [PMID: 31672939 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may play a role in the link between high salt intake and its deleterious consequences. However, it is unknown whether salt can induce proinflammatory priming of monocytes and macrophages in humans. We investigated the effects of salt on monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo by performing a randomized crossover trial in which 11 healthy human subjects adhered to a 2-week low-salt and high-salt diet. We demonstrate that salt increases monocyte expression of CCR2, a chemokine receptor that mediates monocyte infiltration in inflammatory diseases. In line with this, we show a salt-induced increase of plasma MCP-1, transendothelial migration of monocytes, and skin macrophage density after high-salt diet. Macrophages demonstrate signs of an increased proinflammatory phenotype after salt exposure, as represented by boosted LPS-induced cytokine secretion of IL-6, TNF, and IL-10 in vitro, and by increased HLA-DR expression and decreased CD206 expression on skin macrophages after high-salt diet. Taken together, our data open up the possibility for inflammatory monocyte and macrophage responses as potential contributors to the deleterious effects of high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Fe Wenstedt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Gs Verberk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Özge T Pasaoglu
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emma Rademaker
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Esmee M Schrooten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosa D Wouda
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Menno Pj de Winther
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Aten
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Section of Experimental Vascular Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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174
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Chen S, Yang J, Wei Y, Wei X. Epigenetic regulation of macrophages: from homeostasis maintenance to host defense. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:36-49. [PMID: 31664225 PMCID: PMC6952359 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are crucial members of the innate immune response and important regulators. The differentiation and activation of macrophages require the timely regulation of gene expression, which depends on the interaction of a variety of factors, including transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes also give macrophages the ability to switch rapidly between cellular programs, indicating the ability of epigenetic mechanisms to affect phenotype plasticity. In this review, we focus on key epigenetic events associated with macrophage fate, highlighting events related to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, responses to different stimuli and the formation of innate immune memory. Further understanding of the epigenetic regulation of macrophages will be helpful for maintaining tissue integrity, preventing chronic inflammatory diseases and developing therapies to enhance host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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175
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Hua Y, Bergers G. Tumors vs. Chronic Wounds: An Immune Cell's Perspective. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2178. [PMID: 31572387 PMCID: PMC6751250 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound repair program is tightly regulated and coordinated among different cell constituents including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells and endothelial cells following consecutive steps to ensure timely, and proper wound closure. Specifically, innate and adaptive immune cells are pivotal participants that also closely interact with the vasculature. Tumors are portrayed as wounds that do not heal because they undergo continuous stromal remodeling and vascular growth with immunosuppressive features to ensure tumor propagation; a stage that is reminiscent of the proliferative resolution phase in wound repair. There is increasing evidence from mouse model systems and clinical trials that targeting both the immune and vascular compartments is an attractive therapeutic approach to reawaken the inflammatory status in the "tumor wound" with the final goal to abrogate tumor cells and invigorate tissue homeostasis. In this review, we compare the implication of immune cells and the vasculature in chronic wounds and tumor wounds to underscore the conceptual idea of transitioning tumors into an inflammatory wound-like state with antiangiogenic immunotherapies to improve beneficial effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Hua
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Therapeutic Resistance, Department of Oncology, VIB-Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurological Surgery, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
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176
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Lee DD, Hochstetler A, Murphy C, Lowe CW, Schwarz MA. A distinct transcriptional profile in response to endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II is partially mediated by JAK-STAT3 in murine macrophages. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C449-C456. [PMID: 31216192 PMCID: PMC6766611 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important responders to environmental changes such as secreted factors. Among the secreted factors in injured tissues, the highly conserved endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II) has been characterized to limit vessel formation, to be locally expressed near sites of injury labeling it a "find-me" signal, and to recruit macrophages and neutrophils. The molecular mechanisms mediated by EMAP II within macrophages once they are recruited are unknown. In this study, using a model of partially activated, recruited thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages, a transient, transcription profile of key functional genes in macrophages exposed to EMAP II was characterized. We found that EMAP II-mediated changes were elicited mainly through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as evidenced by increased Y705 phosphorylation and changes in activity and upstream of it, Janus associated kinase (JAK)1/2 upstream. Both inhibition of JAK1/2 and knockdown of Stat3 abrogated a subset of genes that are upregulated by EMAP II. Our results identify a rapid EMAP II-mediated STAT3 activation that coincides with altered pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Lee
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Alexandra Hochstetler
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Christina Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Chinn-Woan Lowe
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Margaret A Schwarz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
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177
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Barman PK, Urao N, Koh TJ. Diabetes induces myeloid bias in bone marrow progenitors associated with enhanced wound macrophage accumulation and impaired healing. J Pathol 2019; 249:435-446. [PMID: 31342513 DOI: 10.1002/path.5330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes induces dysregulation throughout the spectrum of myeloid lineage cells from progenitors to terminally differentiated cells. Another complication of diabetes is persistent inflammation, including prolonged accumulation of macrophages, which contributes to impaired wound healing. However, it remains unclear whether diabetes disrupts the response of bone marrow progenitors to peripheral injury and whether such dysregulation leads to sustained inflammation and impaired healing. Here, we demonstrated that diabetic mice (db/db, referred to here as DB) exhibit myeloid lineage bias during homeostasis and following injury. In addition, cells in the LSK (Lin- Sca-1+ cKit+ ) population of DB mice are preprogrammed towards myeloid commitment at the transcriptional level, and cultured myeloid progenitors from DB mice produce more monocytes ex vivo than their non-diabetic counterparts. We also show via bone marrow transfer between interleukin-1 receptor 1 KO (Il1r1-/- ) and DB mice that IL-1R1 signaling is likely not involved in myeloid skewing in DB mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor signaling is not likely involved in enhanced myeloid transcription factor expression in LSK cells of DB mice. Our findings indicate that myeloid lineage commitment in bone marrow may contribute to increased macrophage numbers observed in diabetic skin wounds, and that strategies to regulate monopoiesis during homeostasis or post-wounding may improve diabetic wound healing. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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178
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Tsepkolenko A, Tsepkolenko V, Dash S, Mishra A, Bader A, Melerzanov A, Giri S. The regenerative potential of skin and the immune system. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:519-532. [PMID: 31410045 PMCID: PMC6643261 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s196364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin has the natural ability to heal and replace dead cells regulated by a network of complex immune processes. This ability is conferred by the population of resident immune cells that act in coordination with other players to provide a homeostatic environment under constant challenge. Other than providing structure and integrity, the epidermis and dermis also house distinct immune properties. The dermal part is represented by fibroblasts and endothelial cells followed by an array of immune cells which includes dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, mast cells, NK-cells, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, αβ T lymphocytes, B-cells and platelets. On the other hand, the functionally active immune cells in the epidermis comprise keratinocytes, DCs, NKT-cells, γδ T cells and αβ T cells (CD4+ and CD8+). Keratinocytes create a unique microenvironment for the cells of the immune system by promoting immune recognition and cellular differentiation. T lymphocytes exhibit tissue-specific tropism toward the epidermis and the lymphatic drainage system important for their function in immune regulation. This diversity in immune regulators makes the skin a unique organ to overcome pathogenic or foreign invasion. In addition, the highly coordinated molecular events make the skin an attractive model to understand and explore its regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10044, USA
| | - Apoorva Mishra
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region141700, Russia
| | - Augustinus Bader
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center (BBZ), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Alexander Melerzanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region141700, Russia
| | - Shibashish Giri
- Applied Stem Cell Biology and Cell Technology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Center (BBZ), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich Technical University, Munich, Germany
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179
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Malone K, Amu S, Moore AC, Waeber C. Immunomodulatory Therapeutic Strategies in Stroke. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:630. [PMID: 31281252 PMCID: PMC6595144 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of immunity in all stages of stroke is increasingly being recognized, from the pathogenesis of risk factors to tissue repair, leading to the investigation of a range of immunomodulatory therapies. In the acute phase of stroke, proposed therapies include drugs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and leukocyte infiltration, with a key objective to reduce initial brain cell toxicity. Systemically, the early stages of stroke are also characterized by stroke-induced immunosuppression, where downregulation of host defences predisposes patients to infection. Therefore, strategies to modulate innate immunity post-stroke have garnered greater attention. A complementary objective is to reduce longer-term sequelae by focusing on adaptive immunity. Following stroke onset, the integrity of the blood–brain barrier is compromised, exposing central nervous system (CNS) antigens to systemic adaptive immune recognition, potentially inducing autoimmunity. Some pre-clinical efforts have been made to tolerize the immune system to CNS antigens pre-stroke. Separately, immune cell populations that exhibit a regulatory phenotype (T- and B- regulatory cells) have been shown to ameliorate post-stroke inflammation and contribute to tissue repair. Cell-based therapies, established in oncology and transplantation, could become a strategy to treat the acute and chronic stages of stroke. Furthermore, a role for the gut microbiota in ischaemic injury has received attention. Finally, the immune system may play a role in remote ischaemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection against stroke. The development of stroke therapies involving organs distant to the infarct site, therefore, should not be overlooked. This review will discuss the immune mechanisms of various therapeutic strategies, surveying published data and discussing more theoretical mechanisms of action that have yet to be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Malone
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sylvie Amu
- Cancer Research @UCC, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne C Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Christian Waeber
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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180
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Cañedo-Dorantes L, Cañedo-Ayala M. Skin Acute Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Inflam 2019; 2019:3706315. [PMID: 31275545 PMCID: PMC6582859 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3706315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental work of the last two decades has revealed the general steps of the wound healing process. This complex network has been organized in three sequential and overlapping steps. The first step of the inflammatory phase is an immediate response to injury; primary sensory neurons sense injury and send danger signals to the brain, to stop bleeding and start inflammation. The following target of the inflammatory phase, led by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, is to eliminate the pathogens and clean the wound. Once this is completed, the inflammatory phase is resolved and homeostasis is restored. The aim of the proliferative phase, the second phase, is to repair wound damage and begin tissue remodeling. Fibroplasia, reepithelialization, angiogenesis, and peripheral nerve repair are the central actions of this phase. Lastly, the objective of the final phase is to complete tissue remodeling and restore skin integrity. This review provides present day information regarding the status of the participant cells, extracellular matrix, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as their interactions with the microenvironment during the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cañedo-Dorantes
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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181
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West ME, Sefton EJ, Sefton MV. Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Enhance Vessel Stability in Modular Engineered Tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:911-923. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E.D. West
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elana J.B. Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael V. Sefton
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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182
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The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081811. [PMID: 31013709 PMCID: PMC6515324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that has devised numerous strategies, such as physical, chemical, and microbiological barriers, to protect the host from external insults. In addition, the skin contains an intricate network of immune cells resident to the tissue, crucial for host defense as well as tissue homeostasis. In the event of an insult, the skin-resident immune cells are crucial not only for prevention of infection but also for tissue reconstruction. Deregulation of immune responses often leads to impaired healing and poor tissue restoration and function. In this review, we will discuss the defensive components of the skin and focus on the function of skin-resident immune cells in homeostasis and their role in wound healing.
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183
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Barman PK, Pang J, Urao N, Koh TJ. Skin Wounding-Induced Monocyte Expansion in Mice Is Not Abrogated by IL-1 Receptor 1 Deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2720-2727. [PMID: 30910860 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether skin wounding induces monocyte (Mo) expansion in bone marrow and whether IL-1R1 signaling regulates this process. Our data show that skin wounding increases myeloid lineage-committed multipotent progenitors (MPP3 subset) and Mo in bone marrow, but this expansion is not impaired in Il1r1-/- mice. We also demonstrate that M-CSF-induced differentiation of myeloid progenitors into Mo is not impaired by the loss of IL-1R1 ex vivo, indicating that IL-R1 deficiency does not abrogate myeloid progenitor differentiation potential. In addition, we observed modestly delayed wound closure in Il1r1-/- mice associated with higher frequency of Ly6Clo Mo in the circulation at baseline and in wounds early after injury. Thus, in contrast to other models of inflammation that involve IL-1R1-dependent monopoiesis, our results demonstrate that skin wounding induces Mo progenitor and Mo expansion independently of IL-1R1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pijus K Barman
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jingbo Pang
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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184
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Jürgensen HJ, Silva LM, Krigslund O, van Putten S, Madsen DH, Behrendt N, Engelholm LH, Bugge TH. CCL2/MCP-1 signaling drives extracellular matrix turnover by diverse macrophage subsets. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100003. [PMID: 33543002 PMCID: PMC7852312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage plasticity, cellular origin, and phenotypic heterogeneity are perpetual challenges for studies addressing the biology of this pivotal immune cell in development, homeostasis, and tissue remodeling/repair. Consequently, a myriad of macrophage subtypes has been described in these contexts. To facilitate the identification of functional macrophage subtypes in vivo, here we used a flow cytometry-based assay that allows for detailed phenotyping of macrophages engaged in extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Of the five macrophage subtypes identified in the remodeling dermis by using this assay, collagen degradation was primarily executed by Ly6C−CCR2+ and Ly6C−CCR2low macrophages via mannose receptor-dependent collagen endocytosis, while Ly6C+CCR2+ macrophages were the dominant fibrin-endocytosing cells. Unexpectedly, the CCL2/MCP1-CCR2 signaling axis was critical for both collagen and fibrin degradation, while collagen degradation was independent of IL-4Ra signaling. Furthermore, the cytokine GM-CSF selectively enhanced collagen degradation by Ly6C+CCR2+ macrophages. This study reveals distinct subsets of macrophages engaged in ECM turnover and identifies novel wound healing-associated functions for CCL2 and GM-CSF inflammatory cytokines. Phenotypically diverse subsets of dermal macrophages undertake the degradation of extracellular matrix C-C motif chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) signaling is critical for macrophage-mediated endocytosis of collagen and fibrin. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Interleukin (IL)-13 stimulate collagen endocytosis. The wound healing-associated IL4-IL4 Receptor a (IL4Ra) signaling is dispensable for collagen endocytosis by macrophages. The mannose receptor is the principal endocytic collagen receptor utilized by resident dermal macrophages.
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Key Words
- AF, Alexa Fluor
- CCL2/MCP-1, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor type 2
- CEMS, collagen-endocytosing macrophages
- Collagen degradation
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix endocytosis
- FEMS, fibrin-endocytosing macrophages
- FMO, fluorescence minus one
- Fibrin degradation
- GM-CSF, Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
- GM-CSFR, GM-CSF Receptor
- IL, Interleukin
- IL4Ra, IL4 Receptor a
- Interleukin-13
- M-CSF, Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
- MR, mannose receptor/CD206
- Mannose receptor/CD206
- Plg, plasminogen
- RFP, red fluorescent protein
- uPARAP, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor associated protein/Endo180
- uPARAP/Endo180
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik J. Jürgensen
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lakmali M. Silva
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Oral Inflammation and Immunity Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oliver Krigslund
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sander van Putten
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniel H. Madsen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Haematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Niels Behrendt
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet/BRIC, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author at: Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, Room 211, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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185
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Hernández-Ruiz M, Othy S, Herrera C, Nguyen HT, Arrevillaga-Boni G, Catalan-Dibene J, Cahalan MD, Zlotnik A. Cxcl17 -/- mice develop exacerbated disease in a T cell-dependent autoimmune model. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:1027-1039. [PMID: 30860634 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0918-345rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL17 is a homeostatic chemokine in the mucosa known to chemoattract dendritic cells and macrophages but can also be expressed elsewhere under inflammatory conditions. Cxcl17-/- mice have lower numbers of macrophages or dendritic cells in mucosal tissues. CXCL17 is also able to chemoattract suppressor myeloid cells that can recruit regulatory T cells. To explore a possible role of Cxcl17 in T cells, we studied T cell populations from Cxcl17-/- or wild-type (WT) littermate mice. Cxcl17-/- mice have higher numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and lymph nodes (LNs). Upon activation, they produce higher levels of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, a Cxcl17-/- mouse developed exacerbated disease in a T cell-dependent model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). By 18 days after immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte peptide, only 44% of Cxcl17-/- mice were still alive vs. 90% for WT mice. During EAE, Cxcl17-/- mice exhibited higher numbers of lymphoid and myeloid cells in spleen and LNs, whereas they had less myeloid cell infiltration in the CNS. Cxcl17-/- mice also had higher levels of some inflammatory cytokines in serum, suggesting that they may be involved in the poor survival of these mice. Abnormal T cell function may reflect altered myeloid cell migration, or it could be due to altered T cell development in the thymus. We conclude that CXCL17 is a novel factor regulating T cell homeostasis and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hong-Tam Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Gerardo Arrevillaga-Boni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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186
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Evaluation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-modified scaffold determines macrophage recruitment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:505-513. [PMID: 30948087 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on the modulation of macrophages have gained increased attention recently. Macrophages are generally divided into the pro-inflammatory M1 and pro-regenerative M2 phenotypes. Macrophages play a pivotal role in bone regeneration by regulating osteoblast differentiation and secreting pro-regenerative factors. In the present study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-modified collagen membranes downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors and promoted the recruitment of M2 macrophages, as evidenced by the expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD163 and CD206). It is further demonstrated that the recruitment of M2 macrophages may be involved with CC chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signaling, with a significant downregulation of CD206 following CCR2 knockout. These results suggested that EGCG-modified collagen membranes may modulate the recruitment of macrophages and can be applied to guided bone regeneration and guided tissue regeneration.
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187
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Alhamdi JR, Peng T, Al-Naggar IM, Hawley KL, Spiller KL, Kuhn LT. Controlled M1-to-M2 transition of aged macrophages by calcium phosphate coatings. Biomaterials 2019; 196:90-99. [PMID: 30075952 PMCID: PMC6336526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Older adults suffer from weakened and delayed bone healing due to age-related alterations in bone cells and in the immune system. Given the interaction between the immune system and skeletal cells, therapies that address deficiencies in both the skeletal and the immune system are required to effectively treat bone injuries of older patients. The sequence of macrophage activation observed in healthy tissue repair involves a transition from a pro-inflammatory state followed by a pro-reparative state. In older patients, inflammation is slower to resolve and impedes healing. The goal of this study was to design a novel drug delivery system for temporal guidance of the polarization of macrophages using bone grafting materials. A biomimetic calcium phosphate coating (bCaP) physically and temporally separated the pro-inflammatory stimulus interferon-gamma (IFNγ) from the pro-reparative stimulus simvastatin (SIMV). Effective doses were identified using a human monocyte line (THP-1) and testing culminated with bone marrow macrophages obtained from old mice. Sequential M1-to-M2 activation was achieved with both cell types. These results suggest that this novel immunomodulatory drug delivery system holds potential for controlling macrophage activation in bones of older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana R Alhamdi
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Iman M Al-Naggar
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kelly L Hawley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Kara L Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, PA, USA
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut (UConn) Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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188
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Umehara T, Mori R, Mace KA, Murase T, Abe Y, Yamamoto T, Ikematsu K. Identification of Specific miRNAs in Neutrophils of Type 2 Diabetic Mice: Overexpression of miRNA-129-2-3p Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing. Diabetes 2019; 68:617-630. [PMID: 30523028 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are involved in the first stage of acute inflammation. After injury, they are mobilized and recruited to the injured tissue. In diabetes, wound healing is delayed and aberrant, leading to excessive recruitment and retention of neutrophils that fail to promote angiogenesis and prolong inflammation. However, the exact pathological mechanisms of diabetic-derived neutrophils in chronic inflammation remain unclear. Here, miRNA profiling of neutrophils from bone marrow in type 2 diabetic mice was performed using a microarray. miRNAs regulate the posttranscriptional expression of target mRNAs and are important in countering inflammation-related diseases. Our study revealed that miRNAs exhibit differential expression in diabetic-derived neutrophils compared with non-diabetic-derived neutrophils, especially miR-129 family members. miR-129-2-3p directly regulated the translation of Casp6 and Ccr2, which are involved in inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-129-2-3p overexpression at the wound site of type 2 diabetic mice accelerated wound healing. These results suggest possible involvement of miR-129-2-3p in diabetic-derived neutrophil dysfunction and that retention kinetics of neutrophils and chronic inflammation may be initiated through miR-129-2-3p-regulated genes. This study characterizes changes in global miRNA expression in diabetic-derived neutrophils and systematically identifies critical target genes involved in certain biological processes related to the pathology of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Umehara
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Mori
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kimberly A Mace
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Takehiko Murase
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takuma Yamamoto
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ikematsu
- Division of Forensic Pathology and Science, Unit of Social Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
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189
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Increase of glandular epithelial cell clusters by an external volume expansion device promotes adipose tissue regeneration by recruiting macrophages. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181776. [PMID: 30760630 PMCID: PMC6390125 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a clinical need for the use of engineered adipose tissue in place of surgical reconstruction. We previously found that the external volume expansion (EVE) device increased special cell clusters in well-vascularized connective stroma during adipose regeneration. However, the origin of these cell clusters and their role in adipose tissue regeneration remain unknown. Aim: In the present study, we evaluated EVE in the construction of expanded prefabricated adipose tissue (EPAT) in a rat model. Methods: Rats were randomized into an EVE suction group and a control group, with 24 rats in each group. The structure and origin of the special cell clusters were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry; their role in adipose tissue regeneration was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Results: Special cell clusters began to increase at week 1 with a peak at week 4, and then receded from weeks 8 to 12. Clusters were identified as glandular epithelial cells as determined by their gland-like structure and expression of specific markers. The cell clusters induced significant infiltration of macrophage antigen-2 (Mac-2) positive macrophages by secreting monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) at the early stage of suction. Subsequently, these infiltrated macrophages expressed massive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to promoted angiogenesis. Conclusion: EVE generated glandular epithelial cell clusters, which recruited macrophages to promote angiogenesis and subsequent adipose tissue regeneration. These findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of EVE devices on adipose tissue regeneration.
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190
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Saldaña L, Bensiamar F, Vallés G, Mancebo FJ, García-Rey E, Vilaboa N. Immunoregulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cells following activation by macrophage-derived soluble factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:58. [PMID: 30760316 PMCID: PMC6375172 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoregulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is triggered by the inflammatory environment, which changes during tissue repair. Macrophages are essential in mediating the inflammatory response after injury and can adopt a range of functional phenotypes, exhibiting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities. An accurate characterization of MSC activation by the inflammatory milieu is needed for improving the efficacy of regenerative therapies. In this work, we investigated the immunomodulatory functions of MSC primed with factors secreted from macrophages polarized toward a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We focused on the role of TNF-α and IL-10, prototypic pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively, as priming factors for MSC. METHODS Secretion of immunoregulatory mediators from human MSC primed with media conditioned by human macrophages polarized toward a pro-inflammatory or an anti-inflammatory phenotype was determined. Immunomodulatory potential of primed MSC on polarized macrophages was studied using indirect co-cultures. Involvement of TNF-α and IL-10 in priming MSC and of PGE2 in MSC-mediated immunomodulation was investigated employing neutralizing antibodies. Collagen hydrogels were used to study MSC and macrophages interactions in a more physiological environment. RESULTS Priming MSC with media conditioned by pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory macrophages enhanced their immunomodulatory potential through increased PGE2 secretion. We identified the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α as a priming factor for MSC. Notably, the anti-inflammatory IL-10, mainly produced by pro-resolving macrophages, potentiated the priming effect of TNF-α. Collagen hydrogels acted as instructive microenvironments for MSC and macrophages functions and their crosstalk. Culturing macrophages on hydrogels stimulated anti-inflammatory versus pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Encapsulation of MSC within hydrogels increased PGE2 secretion and potentiated immunomodulation on macrophages, attenuating macrophage pro-inflammatory state and sustaining anti-inflammatory activation. Priming with inflammatory factors conferred to MSC loaded in hydrogels greater immunomodulatory potential, promoting anti-inflammatory activity of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Factors secreted by pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages activated the immunomodulatory potential of MSC. This was partially attributed to the priming effect of TNF-α and IL-10. Immunoregulatory functions of primed MSC were enhanced after encapsulation in hydrogels. These findings may provide insight into novel strategies to enhance MSC immunoregulatory potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saldaña
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Bensiamar
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Vallés
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Mancebo
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Rey
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
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191
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den Dekker A, Davis FM, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms in diabetic wound healing. Transl Res 2019; 204:39-50. [PMID: 30392877 PMCID: PMC6331222 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major secondary complication of type 2 diabetes that often results in limb loss and disability. Normal tissue repair progresses through discrete phases including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. In diabetes, normal progression through these phases is impaired resulting in a sustained inflammatory state and dysfunctional epithelialization in the wound. Due to their plasticity, macrophages play a critical role in the transition from the inflammation phase to the proliferation phase. Diabetes disrupts macrophage function by impairing monocyte recruitment to the wound, reducing phagocytosis, and prohibiting the transition of inflammatory macrophages to an anti-inflammatory state. Diabetes also impedes keratinocyte and fibroblast function during the later phases resulting in impaired epithelialization of the wound. Several recent studies suggest that altered epigenetic regulation of both immune and structural cells in wounds may influence cell phenotypes and healing, particularly in pathologic states, such as diabetes. Specifically, it has been shown that macrophage plasticity during wound repair is partly regulated epigenetically and that diabetes alters this epigenetic regulation and contributes to a sustained inflammatory state. Epigenetic regulation is also known to regulate keratinocyte and fibroblast function during wound repair. In this review, we provide an introduction to the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate tissue repair and highlight recent findings that demonstrate, how epigenetic events are altered during the course of diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron den Dekker
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michgan
| | - Frank M Davis
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michgan
| | - Steve L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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192
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Phase-specific functions of macrophages determine injury-mediated corneal hem- and lymphangiogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:308. [PMID: 30670724 PMCID: PMC6343005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of injury-associated corneal hemangiogenesis (HA) and lymphangiogenesis (LA). Yet, molecular regulators of the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages are poorly understood. Using two different mouse models of acute (perforating corneal incision injury) and chronic (corneal suture placement model) corneal injury, here we identified distinct functions of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages in corneal HA and LA. Whereas early-phase wound macrophages are essential for initiation and progression of injury-mediated corneal HA and LA, late-phase wound macrophages control maintenance of established corneal lymphatic vessels, but not blood vessels. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the hem- and lymphangiogenic potential of corneal wound macrophages is controlled by the type of the corneal damage. Whereas perforating corneal incision injury induced primarily wound macrophages with lymphangiogenic potential, corneal suture placement provoked wound macrophages with both hem- and lymphangiogenic potential. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized injury-context dependent role of early- versus late-phase corneal wound macrophages with potential clinical impact on therapy development for sight-threatening corneal neovascular diseases.
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193
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194
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Rodrigues M, Kosaric N, Bonham CA, Gurtner GC. Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:665-706. [PMID: 30475656 PMCID: PMC6442927 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00067.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1219] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. With the evolution of single cell technologies, it has been possible to uncover phenotypic and functional heterogeneity within several of these cell types. There have also been discoveries of rare, stem cell subsets within the skin, which are unipotent in the uninjured state, but become multipotent following skin injury. Unraveling the roles of each of these cell types and their interactions with each other is important in understanding the mechanisms of normal wound closure. Changes in the microenvironment including alterations in mechanical forces, oxygen levels, chemokines, extracellular matrix and growth factor synthesis directly impact cellular recruitment and activation, leading to impaired states of wound healing. Single cell technologies can be used to decipher these cellular alterations in diseased states such as in chronic wounds and hypertrophic scarring so that effective therapeutic solutions for healing wounds can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Nina Kosaric
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Clark A Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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195
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Morikawa S, Iribar H, Gutiérrez-Rivera A, Ezaki T, Izeta A. Pericytes in Cutaneous Wound Healing. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:1-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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196
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Roblek M, Protsyuk D, Becker PF, Stefanescu C, Gorzelanny C, Glaus Garzon JF, Knopfova L, Heikenwalder M, Luckow B, Schneider SW, Borsig L. CCL2 Is a Vascular Permeability Factor Inducing CCR2-Dependent Endothelial Retraction during Lung Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:783-793. [PMID: 30552233 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increased levels of the chemokine CCL2 in cancer patients are associated with poor prognosis. Experimental evidence suggests that CCL2 correlates with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and induction of vascular activation, but the functionality remains open. Here, we show that endothelial Ccr2 facilitates pulmonary metastasis using an endothelial-specific Ccr2-deficient mouse model (Ccr2ecKO). Similar levels of circulating monocytes and equal leukocyte recruitment to metastatic lesions of Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates were observed. The absence of endothelial Ccr2 strongly reduced pulmonary metastasis, while the primary tumor growth was unaffected. Despite a comparable cytokine milieu in Ccr2ecKO and Ccr2fl/fl littermates the absence of vascular permeability induction was observed only in Ccr2ecKO mice. CCL2 stimulation of pulmonary endothelial cells resulted in increased phosphorylation of MLC2, endothelial cell retraction, and vascular leakiness that was blocked by an addition of a CCR2 inhibitor. These data demonstrate that endothelial CCR2 expression is required for tumor cell extravasation and pulmonary metastasis. IMPLICATIONS: The findings provide mechanistic insight into how CCL2-CCR2 signaling in endothelial cells promotes their activation through myosin light chain phosphorylation, resulting in endothelial retraction and enhanced tumor cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Roblek
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darya Protsyuk
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul F Becker
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jesus F Glaus Garzon
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Knopfova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Luckow
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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197
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Myofibroblasts in macular fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration - the potential sources and molecular cues for their recruitment and activation. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:283-291. [PMID: 30473378 PMCID: PMC6306402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly in developed countries. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounts for 90% of AMD-related vision loss. Although intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors can improve vision in nAMD, approximately 1/3 of patients do not benefit from the therapy due to macular fibrosis. The molecular mechanism underlying the transition of the neovascular lesion to a fibrovascular phenotype remains unknown. Here we discussed the clinical features and risk factors of macular fibrosis secondary to nAMD. Myofibroblasts are key cells in fibrosis development. However, fibroblasts do not exist in the macula. Potential sources of myofibroblast precursors, the molecular cues in the macular microenvironment that recruit them and the pathways that control their differentiation and activation in macular fibrosis were also discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted the challenges in macular fibrosis research and the urgent need for better animal models for mechanistic and therapeutic studies.
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198
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Arkestål K, Mints M, Enocson A, Linton L, Marits P, Glise H, Andersson J, Winqvist O. CCR2 upregulated on peripheral T cells in osteoarthritis but not in bone marrow. Scand J Immunol 2018; 88:e12722. [PMID: 30403025 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition affecting millions of patients around the world, causing pain and disability and often resulting in joint replacement surgery. The aetiology of OA has long been attributed to mechanical wear mainly due to the increased prevalence of OA in load bearing joints among older patients. However, recent studies reveal a complex molecular disease causality in which inflammation, nutritional deficit and angiogenesis lead to the destruction of the joint structure. The aim of this study was to examine chemokine receptor expression in peripheral blood and bone marrow in OA patients. We devised a protocol for extracting healthy bone marrow from patients undergoing hip arthroplasty due to coxarthrosis. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of 18 chemokine receptors on CD4 and CD8 T cells from bone marrow and blood from 7 osteoarthritis patients and peripheral blood from 9 healthy controls. We found a significantly increased fraction of CCR2 expressing CD4 and CD8 T cell in peripheral blood compared to healthy controls. Also, there was a significant decrease in CXCR3 (Th1) (P < 0.01) expressing T cells in peripheral blood from OA patients. Finally, multivariate analysis was used to separate T cell profiles from healthy controls and OA patients and demonstrate that the divergence of chemokine receptor expression occurs in the mature T cell subsets. In conclusion, we find increased CCR2 expression in peripheral blood from OA patients that possibly may be targeted in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Arkestål
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Mints
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Science, Urology and Andrology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Enocson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ludvig Linton
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Marits
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Glise
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Winqvist
- Department of Medicine, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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199
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhu D, Qi X, Cao X, Fang Y, Che Y, Han ZC, He ZX, Han Z, Li Z. Prostaglandin E 2 hydrogel improves cutaneous wound healing via M2 macrophages polarization. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:5348-5361. [PMID: 30555551 PMCID: PMC6276096 DOI: 10.7150/thno.27385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is regulated by a complex series of events and overlapping phases. A delicate balance of cytokines and mediators in tissue repair is required for optimal therapy in clinical applications. Molecular imaging technologies, with their versatility in monitoring cellular and molecular events in living organisms, offer tangible options to better guide tissue repair by regulating the balance of cytokines and mediators at injured sites. Methods: A murine cutaneous wound healing model was developed to investigate if incorporation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into chitosan (CS) hydrogel (CS+PGE2 hydrogel) could enhance its therapeutic effects. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) was used to noninvasively monitor the inflammation and angiogenesis processes at injured sites during wound healing. We also investigated the M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation during wound healing. Results: CS hydrogel could prolong the release of PGE2, thereby improving its tissue repair and regeneration capabilities. Molecular imaging results showed that the prolonged release of PGE2 could ameliorate inflammation by promoting the M2 phenotypic transformation of macrophages. Also, CS+PGE2 hydrogel could augment angiogenesis at the injured sites during the early phase of tissue repair, as revealed by BLI. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that CS+PGE2 hydrogel could regulate the balance among the three overlapping phases—inflammation, regeneration (angiogenesis), and remodeling (fibrosis)—during cutaneous wound healing. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential of the CS+PGE2 hydrogel as a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting tissue regeneration via M2 macrophage polarization. Moreover, molecular imaging provides a platform for monitoring cellular and molecular events in real-time during tissue repair and facilitates the discovery of optimal therapeutics for injury repair by regulating the balance of cytokines and mediators at injured sites.
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200
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Wang X, Xuan W, Zhu ZY, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhu L, Fu DY, Yang LQ, Li PY, Yu WF. The evolving role of neuro-immune interaction in brain repair after cerebral ischemic stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1100-1114. [PMID: 30350341 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the world's leading cause of disability with limited brain repair treatments which effectively improve long-term neurological deficits. The neuroinflammatory responses persist into the late repair phase of stroke and participate in all brain repair elements, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis, remyelination and axonal sprouting, shedding new light on post-stroke brain recovery. Resident brain glial cells, such as astrocytes not only contribute to neuroinflammation after stroke, but also secrete a wide range of trophic factors that can promote post-stroke brain repair. Alternatively, activated microglia, monocytes, and neutrophils in the innate immune system, traditionally considered as major damaging factors after stroke, have been suggested to be extensively involved in brain repair after stroke. The adaptive immune system may also have its bright side during the late regenerative phase, affecting the immune suppressive regulatory T cells and B cells. This review summarizes the recent findings in the evolving role of neuroinflammation in multiple post-stroke brain repair mechanisms and poses unanswered questions that may generate new directions for future research and give rise to novel therapeutic targets to improve stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Yun Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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