151
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Stenosis Hemodynamics Disrupt the Endothelial Cell Glycocalyx by MMP Activity Creating a Proinflammatory Environment. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:2234-2243. [PMID: 28474270 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic forces are known to be able to induce an inflammatory phenotype in endothelial cells (ECs). The EC glycocalyx (GCX) is a dynamic structure which is regulated in response to different stimuli and hypothesized as an important contributor to the mechanotransduction of wall shear stresses (WSS). In this work, we used a three dimensional in vitro EC culture model with a 50% asymmetric stenosis to investigate degradation of the GCX by increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in regions of WSS gradients and how this degradation might create a proinflammatory environment. Experiments showed GCX degradation was observed in regions of WSSGs created by a 50% asymmetric stenosis. Furthermore, inhibition of MMP activity abolished this regional degradation. The integrity of the GCX altered EC morphological elongation to flow and leukocyte adhesion patterns. These results help strengthen the hypothesis that the EC GCX is involved in the mechanotransduction of hemodynamic forces and that the GCX is regulated by MMP activity in regions of WSSGs.
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152
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Caja S, Enríquez JA. Mitochondria in endothelial cells: Sensors and integrators of environmental cues. Redox Biol 2017; 12:821-827. [PMID: 28448943 PMCID: PMC5406579 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of angiogenesis in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target have been firmly established over recent decades. Endothelial cells (ECs) are central elements in vessel homeostasis and regulate the passage of material and cells into and out of the bloodstream. EC proliferation and migration are modified by alterations to mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics resulting from several signals and environmental cues, such as oxygen, hemodynamics, and nutrients. As intermediary signals, mitochondrial ROS are released as important downstream modulators of the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. In this review, we discuss the physiological actions of these signals and aberrant responses during vascular disorders. Mitochondria in EC act as integrators of environmental cues. Circulating signals modify mitochondrial dynamics, altering EC phenotype. ROS release by EC mitochondria regulates expression of vascular genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Caja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones en RED (CIBERFES), Melchor Fernández Almagro, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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153
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Lee FY, Zhen YY, Yuen CM, Fan R, Chen YT, Sheu JJ, Chen YL, Wang CJ, Sun CK, Yip HK. The mTOR-FAK mechanotransduction signaling axis for focal adhesion maturation and cell proliferation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1603-1617. [PMID: 28469768 PMCID: PMC5411911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanotransduction (MTD) is an important physiopathological signalling pathway associated with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension. Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a MTD-sensing protein. This study tested the hypothesis that mTOR-FAK MTD signaling axis was crucial for focal adhesion (FA) maturation and cell proliferation. METHODS Shock-wave was adopted as a tool for MTD and mTOR-FAK signaling. RESULTS After demonstrating a failure in FAK phosphorylation after microfilament depolymerization, we attempted to identify the upstream regulator out of three kinases known to be activated in pressure-stimulated MTD [i.e., GSK-3β, Akt, and mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1)]. Of the three specific inhibitors, only rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, was found to inhibit FAK phosphorylation, suggesting that mTORC1 is the upstream regulator in shock-wave-elicited FAK phosphorylation. Moreover, mTOR and its readout protein S6K were found to be activated by shock-wave stimulation. On the other hand, microscopic examination revealed not only MTD-induced increase in the number of actin stress fibers, but also alternative subcellular localization of mTORC1 as vesicle-like inclusions on microfilaments. Besides, rapamycin was found to destruct the granular pattern of mTORC1, while dissociation between F-actin and mTORC1 was noted after cytochalasin D administration. Since mTORC1 and FAK are essential for cell proliferation, we performed proliferation assay for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) with and without shock-wave administration/rapamycin treatment/FAK depletion. The results demonstrated significant enhancement of cell proliferation after shock-wave stimulation but remarkable suppression after rapamycin and siFAK treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest not only a co-ordinated regulation of FAK phosphorylation by mTORC1 and microfilaments, but also the participation of mTORC1-FAK signalling in MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Yen Lee
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yi Zhen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Man Yuen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Raymond Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter College, City University of New YorkNY 10065, U.S.A.
| | - Yen-Ta Chen
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jye Sheu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Kwan Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University School of Medicine for International StudentsKaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Kan Yip
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of MedicineKaohsiung 88301, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial HospitalKaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia UniversityTaichung 41354, Taiwan, China
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154
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Puzserova A, Bernatova I. Blood pressure regulation in stress: focus on nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Physiol Res 2017; 65:S309-S342. [PMID: 27775419 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is considered a risk factor associated with the development of various civilization diseases including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors and mental disorders. Research investigating mechanisms involved in stress-induced hypertension have attracted much attention of physicians and researchers, however, there are still ambiguous results concerning a causal relationship between stress and long-term elevation of blood pressure (BP). Several studies have observed that mechanisms involved in the development of stress-induced hypertension include increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), glucocorticoid (GC) overload and altered endothelial function including decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Nitric oxide is well known neurotransmitter, neuromodulator and vasodilator involved in regulation of neuroendocrine mechanisms and cardiovascular responses to stressors. Thus NO plays a crucial role in the regulation of the stress systems and thereby in the BP regulation in stress. Elevated NO synthesis, especially in the initial phase of stress, may be considered a stress-limiting mechanism, facilitating the recovery from stress to the resting levels via attenuation of both GC release and SNS activity as well as by increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation. On the other hand, reduced levels of NO were observed in the later phases of stress and in subjects with genetic predisposition to hypertension, irrespectively, in which reduced NO bioavailability may account for disruption of NO-mediated BP regulatory mechanisms and accentuated SNS and GC effects. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of stress in development of hypertension with a special focus on the interactions among NO and other biological systems affecting blood pressure and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Puzserova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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155
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Dridi I, Ben-Cherif W, Chahdoura H, Haouas Z, Ben-Attia M, Aouam K, Reinberg A, Boughattas NA. Dosing-time dependent oxidative effects of an immunosuppressive drug “Mycophenolate Mofetil” on rat kidneys. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:509-518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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156
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Lee ES, Boldo LS, Fernandez BO, Feelisch M, Harmsen MC. Suppression of TAK1 pathway by shear stress counteracts the inflammatory endothelial cell phenotype induced by oxidative stress and TGF-β1. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42487. [PMID: 28209993 PMCID: PMC5314358 DOI: 10.1038/srep42487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is characterised by aberrant redox signalling and an inflammatory phenotype. Shear stress antagonises endothelial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide formation, activating anti-inflammatory pathways and suppressing inflammatory pathways. The TAK1 (MAP3K7) is a key mediator of inflammation and non-canonical TGF-β signalling. While the individual roles of TAK1, ERK5 (MAPK7) and TGF-β pathways in endothelial cell regulation are well characterised, an integrative understanding of the orchestration of these pathways and their crosstalk with the redox system under shear stress is lacking. We hypothesised that shear stress counteracts the inflammatory effects of oxidative stress and TGF-β1 on endothelial cells by restoring redox balance and repressing the TAK1 pathway. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we here show that TGF-β1 aggravates oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory activation and that shear stress activates ERK5 signalling while attenuating TGF-β signalling. ERK5 activation restores redox balance, but fails to repress the inflammatory effect of TGF-β1 which is suppressed upon TAK1 inhibition. In conclusion, shear stress counteracts endothelial dysfunction by suppressing the pro-inflammatory non-canonical TGF-β pathway and by activating the ERK5 pathway which restores redox signalling. We propose that a pharmacological compound that abates TGF-β signalling and enhances ERK5 signalling may be useful to counteract endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Soo Lee
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, NL-9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Llorenç Solé Boldo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, NL-9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Bernadette O Fernandez
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton, SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Feelisch
- University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton, SO166YD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, NL-9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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157
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Abstract
The aorta is a blood vessel that provides a low-resistance path for blood flow directed from the heart to peripheral organs and tissues. However, the aorta has another central hemodynamic function, whereby the elastic nature of the aortic wall provides a significant biomechanical buffering capacity complementing the pulsatile cardiac blood flow, and this is often referred to as Windkessel function. Stiffening of the arterial wall leads to fundamental alterations in central hemodynamics, with widespread detrimental implications for organ function. In this Recent Highlights article, we describe recent contributions in ATVB that have highlighted the novel mechanisms and consequences of arterial stiffness and the clinical conditions in which arterial stiffness occurs, with a focus on advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N. Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Uwe Raaz
- Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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158
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Chistiakov DA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Effects of shear stress on endothelial cells: go with the flow. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:382-408. [PMID: 27246807 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Haemodynamic forces influence the functional properties of vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of receptors, which sense flow and transmit mechanical signals through mechanosensitive signalling pathways to recipient molecules that lead to phenotypic and functional changes. Arterial architecture varies greatly exhibiting bifurcations, branch points and curved regions, which are exposed to various flow patterns. Clinical studies showed that atherosclerotic plaques develop preferentially at arterial branches and curvatures, that is in the regions exposed to disturbed flow and shear stress. In the atheroprone regions, the endothelium has a proinflammatory phenotype associated with low nitric oxide production, reduced barrier function and increased proadhesive, procoagulant and proproliferative properties. Atheroresistant regions are exposed to laminar flow and high shear stress that induce prosurvival antioxidant signals and maintain the quiescent phenotype in ECs. Indeed, various flow patterns contribute to phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of arterial endothelium whose response to proatherogenic stimuli is differentiated. This may explain the preferential development of endothelial dysfunction in arterial sites with disturbed flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Chistiakov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology; Pirogov Russian State Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - A. N. Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research; Skolkovo Innovative Center; Moscow Russia
- Department of Biophysics; Biological Faculty; Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Y. V. Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology; Russian Academy of Medical Sciences; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Medicine and St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Western Sydney; Campbelltown NSW Australia
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159
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Gwozdzinski K, Pieniazek A, Tabaczar S, Jegier A, Brzeszczynska J. Investigation of oxidative stress parameters in different lifespan erythrocyte fractions in young untrained men after acute exercise. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:190-201. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Sabina Tabaczar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Jegier
- Department of Sport Medicine; Medical University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
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160
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MATIĆ M, PAUNOVIĆ M, OGNJANOVIĆ B, ŠTAJN A, SAIČIĆ Z. Neuropeptide Y reduces migration capacity of human choriocarcinomacell line by altering oxidative/antioxidative status. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1606-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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161
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Qiu M, Chen L, Tan G, Ke L, Zhang S, Chen H, Liu J. JS-K promotes apoptosis by inducing ROS production in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1137-1142. [PMID: 28454225 PMCID: PMC5403315 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemical species that alter redox status, and are responsible for inducing carcinogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of the glutathione S transferase-activated nitric oxide donor prodrug, JS-K, on ROS accumulation and on proliferation and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis, ROS accumulation and the activation of the mitochondrial signaling pathway were measured. The results demonstrated that JS-K may inhibit prostate cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induce ROS accumulation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. With increasing concentrations of JS-K, expression of pro-apoptotic proteins increased, but Bcl-2 expression decreased. Additionally, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed JS-K-induced cell apoptosis; conversely, the pro-oxidant glutathione disulfide exacerbated JS-K-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, the data suggest that JS-K induces prostate cancer cell apoptosis by increasing ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Qiu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Lieqian Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Tan
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Longzhi Ke
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hege Chen
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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162
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Arsyad A, Dobson GP. Lidocaine relaxation in isolated rat aortic rings is enhanced by endothelial removal: possible role of K v, K ATP channels and A 2a receptor crosstalk. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:121. [PMID: 27914476 PMCID: PMC5135802 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lidocaine is an approved local anesthetic and Class 1B antiarrhythmic with a number of ancillary properties. Our aim was to investigate lidocaine's vasoreactivity properties in intact versus denuded rat thoracic aortic rings, and the effect of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO), prostenoids, voltage-dependent Kv and KATP channels, membrane Na+/K+ pump, and A2a and A2b receptors. METHODS Aortic rings were harvested from adult male Sprague Dawley rats and equilibrated in an organ bath containing oxygenated, modified Krebs-Henseleit solution, pH 7.4, 37 °C. The rings were pre-contracted sub-maximally with 0.3 μM norepinephrine (NE), and the effect of increasing lidocaine concentrations was examined. Rings were tested for viability after each experiment with maximally dilating 100 μM papaverine. The drugs 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), glibenclamide, 5-hydroxydecanoate, ouabain, 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine and PSB-0788 were examined. RESULTS All drugs tested had no significant effect on basal tension. Lidocaine relaxation in intact rings was biphasic between 1 and 10 μM (Phase 1) and 10 and 1000 μM (Phase 2). Mechanical removal of the endothelium resulted in further relaxation, and at lower concentrations ring sensitivity (% relaxation per μM lidocaine) significantly increased 3.5 times compared to intact rings. The relaxing factor(s) responsible for enhancing ring relaxation did not appear to be NO- or prostacyclin-dependent, as L-NAME and indomethacin had little or no effect on intact ring relaxation. In denuded rings, lidocaine relaxation was completely abolished by Kv channel inhibition and significantly reduced by antagonists of the MitoKATP channel, and to a lesser extent the SarcKATP channel. Curiously, A2a subtype receptor antagonism significantly inhibited lidocaine relaxation above 100 μM, but not the A2b receptor. CONCLUSIONS We show that lidocaine relaxation in rat thoracic aorta was biphasic and significantly enhanced by endothelial removal, which did not appear to be NO or prostacyclin dependent. The unknown factor(s) responsible for enhanced relaxation was significantly reduced by Kv inhibition, 5-HD inhibition, and A2a subtype inhibition indicating a potential role for crosstalk in lidocaine's vasoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryadi Arsyad
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811 Queensland, Australia
- Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Km. 10, 90213 Tamalanrea, Makassar Indonesia
| | - Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, 4811 Queensland, Australia
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163
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Garbeloti EJR, Paiva RCA, Restini CBA, Durand MT, Miranda CES, Teixeira VE. Biochemical biomarkers are not dependent on physical exercise in patients with spinal cord injury. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:5-11. [PMID: 27331022 PMCID: PMC4900297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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164
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Role of glypican-1 in endothelial NOS activation under various steady shear stress magnitudes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:184-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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165
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Zhang Y, Liao B, Li M, Cheng M, Fu Y, Liu Q, Chen Q, Liu H, Fang Y, Zhang G, Yu F. Shear stress regulates endothelial cell function through SRB1-eNOS signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 34:308-13. [PMID: 27225585 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Bin Liao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research; Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research; Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology; Ministry of Education of China; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Min Cheng
- Medicine Research Center; Weifang Medical University; Weifang Shandong China
| | - Yong Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology; Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology; Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Hongduan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Yibing Fang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Gen Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
| | - Fengxu Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College; Cardiothoracic Surgery; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research; Luzhou Medical College; Luzhou Sichuan Province China
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166
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Dragovich MA, Chester D, Fu BM, Wu C, Xu Y, Goligorsky MS, Zhang XF. Mechanotransduction of the endothelial glycocalyx mediates nitric oxide production through activation of TRP channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C846-C853. [PMID: 27681180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00288.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial surface glycocalyx (ESG) is a carbohydrate-rich layer found on the vascular endothelium, serving critical functions in the mechanotransduction of blood flow-induced forces. One of the most important protective functions of the ESG is to mediate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in response to blood flow. However, the detailed mechanism underlying ESG's mechanotransduction of the production of NO has not been completely identified. Herein, using the cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) as a model system, we have implemented a combined atomic force and fluorescence microscopy approach to show that the ESG senses and transduces vertical mechanical stretch to produce NO. This rapid NO production is dependent on the presence of both heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in ESG, as the removal of HS and/or HA leads to a significant decrease in NO production. Moreover, the production of NO is dependent on the intake of Ca2+ via endothelial transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Together, our results demonstrate the molecular mechanism of rapid production of NO in response to vertical mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dragovich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Chester
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Bingmei M Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, New York; and
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael S Goligorsky
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; .,Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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167
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Salehi-Nik N, Banikarimi SP, Amoabediny G, Pouran B, Shokrgozar MA, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Klein-Nulend J. Flow Preconditioning of Endothelial Cells on Collagen-Immobilized Silicone Fibers Enhances Cell Retention and Antithrombotic Function. Artif Organs 2016; 41:556-567. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Salehi-Nik
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Oral Cell Biology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Seyedeh Parnian Banikarimi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopedics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology; Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jenneke Klein-Nulend
- Department of Oral Cell Biology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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168
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Analysis of the diagnostic efficiency of serum oxidative stress parameters in patients with breast cancer at various clinical stages. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:692-698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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169
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Maekawa H, Serrone JC, Tjahjadi M, Hernesniemi J. RETRACTED ARTICLE: The role of estrogen on the pathology of cerebral aneurysms. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:927-35. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1189827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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170
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Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Vascular endothelium - Gatekeeper of vessel health. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:97-109. [PMID: 26994427 PMCID: PMC6478391 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is an interface between the blood stream and the vessel wall. Changes in this single cell layer of the artery wall are believed of primary importance in the pathogenesis of vascular disease/atherosclerosis. The endothelium responds to humoral, neural and especially hemodynamic stimuli and regulates platelet function, inflammatory responses, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration, in addition to modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing vasoactive substances. Compromised endothelial function contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; endothelial 'dysfunction' is associated with risk factors, correlates with disease progression, and predicts cardiovascular events. Therapies for atherosclerosis have been developed, therefore, that are directed towards improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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171
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Seenappanahalli Nanjundaiah Y, Wright DA, Baydoun AR, O'Hare WT, Ali Z, Khaled Z, Sarker MH. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG conditioned media modulates acute reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in J774 murine macrophages. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:68-75. [PMID: 28955864 PMCID: PMC5600347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes such as macrophages are capable of detecting and killing pathogenic bacteria by producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Formation of free radicals in macrophages may be regulated by probiotics or by factors released by probiotics but yet to be identified. Thus, studies were carried out to determine whether cell-free conditioned medium obtained from cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG-CM) regulate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages. J774 macrophages in culture were loaded with either H2DCFDA for monitoring ROS or with DAFFM-DA for NO detection. Free radical production was measured on a fluorescence microplate reader and changes were analysed by Cumulative sum (CuSum) calculations. Low concentration of LGG-CM (10% LGG-CM) or LPS did not cause any significant change in basal levels of ROS or NO production. In contrast, high concentration of LGG-CM (75% and 100%) significantly enhanced ROS generation but also significantly reduced NO level. These findings are novel and suggest for the first time that probiotics may release factors in culture which enhance ROS production and may additionally reduce deleterious effects associated with excessive nitrogen species by suppressing NO level. These events may account, in part, for the beneficial bactericidal and anti-inflammatory actions ascribed to probiotics and may be of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Wright
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Anwar R Baydoun
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, AL 10 9AB, UK
| | - William T O'Hare
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Zulfiqur Ali
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, TS1 3BA, UK
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172
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Luff SA, Papoutsakis ET. Megakaryocytic Maturation in Response to Shear Flow Is Mediated by the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) Transcription Factor via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7831-43. [PMID: 26814129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are exposed to shear flow as they migrate from the bone marrow hematopoietic compartment into circulation to release pro/preplatelets into circulating blood. Shear forces promote DNA synthesis, polyploidization, and maturation in MKs, and platelet biogenesis. To investigate mechanisms underlying these MK responses to shear, we carried out transcriptional analysis on immature and mature stem cell-derived MKs exposed to physiological shear. In immature (day (d)9) MKs, shear exposure up-regulated genes related to growth and MK maturation, whereas in mature (d12) MKs, it up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis and intracellular transport. Following shear-flow exposure, six activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcripts (ATF4,JUNB,JUN,FOSB,FOS, andJUND) were up-regulated at d9 and two AP-1 proteins (JunD and c-Fos) were up-regulated both at d9 and d12. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is linked to both the shear stress response and AP-1 up-regulation. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation increased significantly following shear stimulation, whereas JNK inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD expression. Although p38 phosphorylation did not increase following shear flow, its inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD and c-Fos expression. JNK inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression of d12 platelet-like particles (PLPs), whereas p38 inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding of d12 PLPs. AP-1 expression correlated with increased MK DNA synthesis and polyploidization, which might explain the observed impact of shear on MKs. To summarize, we show that MK exposure to shear forces results in JNK activation, AP-1 up-regulation, and downstream transcriptional changes that promote maturation of immature MKs and platelet biogenesis in mature MKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Luff
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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173
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Colombo PC, Doran AC, Onat D, Wong KY, Ahmad M, Sabbah HN, Demmer RT. Venous congestion, endothelial and neurohormonal activation in acute decompensated heart failure: cause or effect? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2016; 12:215-22. [PMID: 25740404 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-015-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Venous congestion and endothelial and neurohormonal activation are known to occur in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), yet the temporal role of these processes in the pathophysiology of decompensation is not fully understood. Conventional wisdom presumes congestion to be a consequence of worsening cardiovascular function; however, the biomechanically driven effects of venous congestion are biologically plausible contributors to ADHF that remain largely unexplored in vivo. Recent experimental evidence from human models suggests that fluid accumulation and venous congestion are not simply consequences of poor cardiovascular function, but rather are fundamental pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and hemodynamic stimuli that contribute to acute decompensation. The latest advances in the monitoring of volume status using implantable devices allow for the detection of venous congestion before symptoms arise. This may ultimately lead to improved treatment strategies including not only diuretics, but also specific, adjuvant interventions to counteract endothelial and neurohormonal activation during early preclinical decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo C Colombo
- Division of Cardiology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, PH 12-134, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
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174
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Zhang Z, Yang P, Yao P, Dai D, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Huang Q, Liu J. Identification of transcription factors and gene clusters in rabbit smooth muscle cells during high flow-induced vascular remodeling via microarray. Gene 2016; 575:407-414. [PMID: 26361845 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustained blood flow, especially high blood flow causes the remodeling of arteries. The molecular mechanism of vascular remodeling has been mainly investigated in cultured cells. However, the in vivo molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we performed microarray analysis to explore the gene expression profile of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during vascular remodeling. Transcriptional profiles indicated that 947 genes were differentially expressed in SMCs responding to high flow compared with the sham control, of which 617 genes were up-regulated and 330 genes were down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis revealed the special participation of extracellular matrix related genes during high flow-induced vascular remodeling. KEGG pathway analysis showed the enrichment of metabolism and immune function associated genes in SMCs exposed to high flow. Besides, we also identified 25 differentially expressed transcription factors potentially impacted by hemodynamic insult. Finally, we revealed FOXN4 as a novel transcription factor that could modulate MMP2 and MMP9 transcriptional activity. Collectively, our results revealed major gene clusters and transcription factors in SMCs during vascular remodeling which may provide an insight into the molecular mechanism of vascular remodeling and facilitate the screening of candidate genes for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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175
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Sankrityayan H, Majumdar AS. Curcumin and folic acid abrogated methotrexate induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:89-96. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate, an antifolate drug widely used in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and cancer, is known to cause vascular endothelial dysfunction by causing hyperhomocysteinemia, direct injury to endothelium or by increasing the oxidative stress (raising levels of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin). Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenol with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action and therapeutic spectra similar to that of methotrexate. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on methotrexate induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and also compare its effect with that produced by folic acid (0.072 μg·g−1·day−1, p.o., 2 weeks) per se and in combination. Male Wistar rats were exposed to methotrexate (0.35 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) for 2 weeks to induce endothelial dysfunction. Methotrexate exposure led to shedding of endothelium, decreased vascular reactivity, increased oxidative stress, decreased serum nitrite levels, and increase in aortic collagen deposition. Curcumin (200 mg·kg−1·day−1and 400 mg·kg−1·day−1, p.o.) for 4 weeks prevented the increase in oxidative stress, decrease in serum nitrite, aortic collagen deposition, and also vascular reactivity. The effects were comparable with those produced by folic acid therapy. The study shows that curcumin, when concomitantly administered with methotrexate, abrogated its vascular side effects by preventing an increase in oxidative stress and abating any reduction in physiological nitric oxide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Mumbai, 400098 Mumbai, India
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Mumbai, 400098 Mumbai, India
| | - Anuradha S. Majumdar
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Mumbai, 400098 Mumbai, India
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, University of Mumbai, 400098 Mumbai, India
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176
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Bielli A, Scioli MG, Mazzaglia D, Doldo E, Orlandi A. Antioxidants and vascular health. Life Sci 2015; 143:209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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177
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Aortic Remodelling Is Improved by 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside Involving the Smad3 Pathway in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:789027. [PMID: 26693246 PMCID: PMC4677031 DOI: 10.1155/2015/789027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a common health problem that substantially increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The condition increases blood pressure, which causes alterations in vascular structure and leads to the development of vascular pathologies. 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), a resveratrol analogue extracted from a Chinese medicinal plant, has been proven to have numerous vascular protection functions. This study investigated whether THSG can improve vascular remodeling, which has thus far remained unclear. Orally administering THSG to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 12 weeks for 14 weeks significantly inhibited intima-media thickness in the lower parts of the aortic arch, increased the vascular diastolic rate in response to acetylcholine, and reduced remodelling-related mRNA expression, such as that of ACTA2, CCL3, COL1A2, COL3A1, TIMP1 WISP2, IGFBP1, ECE1, KLF5, MYL1 BMP4, FN1, and PAI-1. Immunofluorescence staining also showed an inhibitory effect similar to that of THSG on PAI-1 protein expression in rat aortas. Results from immunoprecipitation and a Western blot assay showed that THSG inhibited the acetylation of Smad3. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that THSG prevented Smad3 binding to the PAI-1 proximal promoter in SHR aortas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of THSG on aortic remodelling involved the deacetylating role of Smad3 with increasing blood flow and with constant blood pressure.
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178
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McSweeney SR, Warabi E, Siow RCM. Nrf2 as an Endothelial Mechanosensitive Transcription Factor: Going With the Flow. Hypertension 2015; 67:20-9. [PMID: 26597822 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane R McSweeney
- From the Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.M., R.C.M.S.); and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (E.W.)
| | - Eiji Warabi
- From the Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.M., R.C.M.S.); and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (E.W.)
| | - Richard C M Siow
- From the Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.M., R.C.M.S.); and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan (E.W.).
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179
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Cui Y, Narasimhulu CA, Liu L, Zhang Q, Liu PZ, Li X, Xiao Y, Zhang J, Hao H, Xie X, He G, Cui L, Parthasarathy S, Liu Z. N-acetylcysteine inhibits in vivo oxidation of native low-density lipoprotein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16339. [PMID: 26536834 PMCID: PMC4633729 DOI: 10.1038/srep16339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is non-atherogenic, while oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is critical to atherosclerosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has anti-atherosclerotic effect with largely unknown mechanisms. The present study aimed to determine if NAC could attenuate in vivo LDL oxidation and inhibit atherosclerosis. A single dose of human native LDL was injected intravenously into male C57BL/6 mice with and without NAC treatment. Serum human ox-LDL was detected 30 min after injection, reached the peak in 3 hours, and became undetectable in 12 hours. NAC treatment significantly reduced serum ox-LDL level without detectable serum ox-LDL 6 hours after LDL injection. No difference in ox-LDL clearance was observed in NAC-treated animals. NAC treatment also significantly decreased serum ox-LDL level in patients with coronary artery diseases and hyperlipidemia without effect on LDL level. Intracellular and extracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production was significantly increased in the animals treated with native LDL, or ox-LDL and in hyperlipidemic LDL receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-)) mice that was effectively prevented with NAC treatment. NAC also significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemic LDLR(-/-) mice. NAC attenuated in vivo oxidation of native LDL and ROS formation from ox-LDL associated with decreased atherosclerotic plaque formation in hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Lingjuan Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Patrick Z Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jia Zhang
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Hao
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guanglong He
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sampath Parthasarathy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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180
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Mimura J, Itoh K. Role of Nrf2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:221-232. [PMID: 26117321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular arterial walls. A number of studies have revealed the biological and genetic bases of atherosclerosis, and over 100 genes influence atherosclerosis development. Nrf2 plays an important role in oxidative stress response and drug metabolism, but the Nrf2 signaling pathway is closely associated with atherosclerosis development. During atherosclerosis progression, Nrf2 signaling modulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as lipid homeostasis regulation, foam cell formation, macrophage polarization, redox regulation and inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 exhibits both pro- and anti-atherogenic effects in experimental animal models. These observations make the Nrf2 pathway a promising target to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsei Mimura
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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181
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Franzoni M, Cattaneo I, Longaretti L, Figliuzzi M, Ene-Iordache B, Remuzzi A. Endothelial cell activation by hemodynamic shear stress derived from arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H49-59. [PMID: 26497959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the first cause of failure of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects on endothelial cells (ECs) of shear stress waveforms derived from AVF areas prone to develop IH. We used a cone-and-plate device to obtain real-time control of shear stress acting on EC cultures. We exposed human umbilical vein ECs for 48 h to different shear stimulations calculated in a side-to-end AVF model. Pulsatile unidirectional flow, representative of low-risk stenosis areas, induced alignment of ECs and actin fiber orientation with flow. Shear stress patterns of reciprocating flow, derived from high-risk stenosis areas, did not affect EC shape or cytoskeleton organization, which remained similar to static cultures. We also evaluated flow-induced EC expression of genes known to be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and expression of cell adhesion molecules. Unidirectional flow induced a significant increase in Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression, whereas it significantly reduced phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1 mRNA expression. Reciprocating flow did not increase Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression compared with static controls but significantly increased mRNA expression of phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1. Reciprocating flow selectively increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 production. Furthermore, culture medium conditioned by ECs exposed to reciprocating flows selectively increased smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with unidirectional flow. Our results indicate that protective vascular effects induced in ECs by unidirectional pulsatile flow are not induced by reciprocating shear forces, suggesting a mechanism by which oscillating flow conditions may induce the development of IH in AVF and vascular access dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Be rgamo, Italy; and
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bogdan Ene-Iordache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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182
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Lin YY, Lee SD, Su CT, Cheng TL, Yang AL. Long-term treadmill training ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertension. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:663-9. [PMID: 26183483 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01062.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The influence of long-term exercise on vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension remains unclear. We investigated whether long-term treadmill training improved insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise (SHR-EX) groups. The SHR-EX group was trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as the normal control group. After training, aortic insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was evaluated in organ baths. Additionally, the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and aortic protein expression were examined in the three groups. Compared with sedentary SHR and WKY groups, insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced to a nearly normal level in the SHR-EX group. After endothelial denudation, blunted and comparable vasorelaxation was found among the three groups. Pretreatment with selective PI3K and NOS inhibitors attenuated insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation, and no significant difference was found among the three groups after the pretreatment. The aortic protein levels of the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were also significantly increased in the SHR-EX group compared with the other two groups. These results suggested that treadmill training elicited the amelioration of endothelium-dependent insulin/IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation partly via the increased activation of PI3K and NOS, as well as the enhancement of protein levels of IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and eNOS, in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ting Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Cheng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Graduate Institute of Exercise Science, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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183
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Sheweita S, Salama B, Hassan M. Erectile dysfunction drugs and oxidative stress in the liver of male rats. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:933-938. [PMID: 28962432 PMCID: PMC5598225 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) affected the lives of more than 300 million men worldwide. Erectile dysfunction drugs (EDD), known as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs), have been used for treatment of ED. It has been shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of erectile dysfunction. Oxidative stress can be alleviated or decreased by antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase as well as protein expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase after treatment of male rats with a daily dose of sildenafil (1.48 mg/kg), tadalafil (0.285 mg/kg) and vardenafil (0.285 mg/kg) for three weeks. In addition, levels of reduced glutathione and malondialdyhyde (MDA) were assayed. The present study showed that sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil treatments significantly decreased the levels of glutathione, MDA and the activity of glutathione reductase. In addition, vardenafil and sildenafil increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Interestingly, western immunoblotting data showed that vardenafil induced the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and its protein expression, whereas tadalafil and sildenafil inhibited such enzyme activity and its protein expression. In addition, the protein expression of GST π isozyme was markedly reduced after treatment of rats with sildenafil. It is concluded that ED drugs induced the activities of both SOD and catalase which consequently decreased MDA level. Therefore, decrement in MDA levels could increase nitric oxide–cGMP level which in turn promotes the erection mechanism.
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Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- Catalase
- ED, erectile dysfunction
- EDD, erectile dysfunction drugs
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Glutathione
- Glutathione peroxidase
- Glutathione reductase
- MDA, malondialdyhyde
- Oxidative stress
- PDE-5, phosphodiesterase type-5
- PDEIs, phosphodiesterase inhibitors
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Sheweita
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Basant Salama
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Hassan
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies & Research, Alexandria University, Egypt
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184
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Sherif HM. Dissecting the Dissection: Towards More Comprehensive Decision-Making Methodology for Thoracic Aortic Disease. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2015; 3:108-17. [PMID: 27069940 PMCID: PMC4820346 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.14.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aortic dissection remains one of the most devastating diseases. Current practice guidelines provide diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based primarily on the aortic diameter. The level of evidence supporting these recommendations is Level C or "Expert Opinion" Since aortic dissection is a catastrophic structural failure, its investigation along the guidelines of accident investigation may offer a useful alternative, utilizing process mapping and root-cause analysis methodology. Since the objective of practice guidelines is to address the risk of serious events, on the utilization of a probabilistic predictive modeling methodology, using bioinformatics tools, may offer a more comprehensive risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M.F. Sherif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Christiana Hospital, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, Delaware, USA
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185
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Chang CT, Chien MH, Yang KL, Yu CC, Hsu JF, Wang IK, Lim PS, Huang CC. Nitric oxide production and blood pressure reduction during haemodialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2015; 19:562-7. [PMID: 24839907 DOI: 10.1111/nep.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM A decrease of systolic blood pressure in excess of 20 mmHg during haemodialysis treatment (IDD) is common for haemodialysis patients. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is symptomatic IDD by definition. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is a possible cause of IDD. Dialysate nitrate and nitrite amount can be used as an indicator of intradialysis NO production. Our aim was to find the predictor of NO production in IDD patients. METHODS Partial dialysate samples were collected during the whole haemodialysis session and total dialysate nitrate and nitrite amount was measured to assess the association of intradialysis NO production with blood pressure change. RESULTS There were 31 IDD patients and 71 patients who did not develop IDD (NIDD) included in the study. Among the IDD patients, 13 were IDH patients with a mean systolic blood pressure lower than that of the other 18 symptomless IDD patients (96.6 ± 3.4 mmHg vs 125.0 ± 3.8 mmHg, P<0.001). The median value of NO production was higher in the IDD than in the NIDD patients (447.7 μg vs 238.8 μg, P<0.001). The NO production correlated linearly with blood pressure reduction (R=0.487, P<0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that NO production was positively associated with predialysis systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION Nitric oxide production during haemodialysis was higher in IDD than in NIDD patients. IDH often occurred when systolic blood pressure was reduced to below 100 mmHg. The amount of NO produced during haemodialysis, which may be associated with predialysis systolic blood pressure, can be used to predict intradialysis blood pressure decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiz-Tzung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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186
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Sivarapatna A, Ghaedi M, Le AV, Mendez JJ, Qyang Y, Niklason LE. Arterial specification of endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells in a biomimetic flow bioreactor. Biomaterials 2015; 53:621-33. [PMID: 25890758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) exist in different microenvironments in vivo, including under different levels of shear stress in arteries versus veins. Standard stem cell differentiation protocols to derive ECs and EC-subtypes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generally use growth factors or other soluble factors in an effort to specify cell fate. In this study, a biomimetic flow bioreactor was used to subject hiPSC-derived ECs (hiPSC-ECs) to shear stress to determine the impacts on phenotype and upregulation of markers associated with an anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, arterial-like phenotype. The in vitro bioreactor system was able to efficiently mature hiPSC-ECs into arterial-like cells in 24 h, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR for arterial markers EphrinB2, CXCR4, Conexin40 and Notch1, as well protein-level expression of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD). Furthermore, the exogenous addition of soluble factors was not able to fully recapitulate this phenotype that was imparted by shear stress exposure. The induction of these phenotypic changes was biomechanically mediated in the shear stress bioreactor. This biomimetic flow bioreactor is an effective means for the differentiation of hiPSC-ECs toward an arterial-like phenotype, and is amenable to scale-up for culturing large quantities of cells for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Sivarapatna
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Andrew V Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Julio J Mendez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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187
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Testai L, D'Antongiovanni V, Piano I, Martelli A, Citi V, Duranti E, Virdis A, Blandizzi C, Gargini C, Breschi MC, Calderone V. Different patterns of H2S/NO activity and cross-talk in the control of the coronary vascular bed under normotensive or hypertensive conditions. Nitric Oxide 2015; 47:25-33. [PMID: 25795591 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) play pivotal roles in the cardiovascular system. Conflicting results have been reported about their cross-talk. This study investigated their interplays in coronary bed of normotensive (NTRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The effects of H2S- (NaHS) and NO-donors (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) on coronary flow (CF) were measured in Langendorff-perfused hearts of NTRs and SHRs, in the absence or in the presence of propargylglycine (PAG, inhibitor of H2S biosynthesis), L-NAME (inhibitor of NO biosynthesis), ODQ (inhibitor of guanylate cyclase), L-Cysteine (substrate for H2S biosynthesis) or L-Arginine (substrate for NO biosynthesis). In NTRs, NaHS and SNP increased CF; their effects were particularly evident in Angiotensin II (AngII)-contracted coronary arteries. The dilatory effects of NaHS were abolished by L-NAME and ODQ; conversely, PAG abolished the effects of SNP. In SHRs, high levels of myocardial ROS production were observed. NaHS and SNP did not reduce the oxidative stress, but produced clear increases of the basal CF. In contrast, in AngII-contracted coronary arteries of SHRs, significant hyporeactivity to NaHS and SNP was observed. In SHRs, the vasodilatory effects of NaHS were only modestly affected by L-NAME and ODQ; PAG poorly influenced the effects of SNP. Then, in NTRs, the vascular actions of H2S required NO and vice versa. By contrast, in SHRs, the H2S-induced actions scarcely depend on NO release; as well, the NO effects are largely H2S-independent. These results represent the first step for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of NO/H2S interplays under both normotensive and hypertensive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V D'Antongiovanni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Piano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Gargini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M C Breschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno, 6. I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
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188
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Veeranki S, Tyagi SC. Mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia induced skeletal muscle myopathy after ischemia in the CBS-/+ mouse model. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1252-65. [PMID: 25608649 PMCID: PMC4307302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) elicits lower than normal body weights and skeletal muscle weakness, the mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the fact that HHcy-mediated enhancement in ROS and consequent damage to regulators of different cellular processes is relatively well established in other organs, the nature of such events is unknown in skeletal muscles. Previously, we reported that HHcy attenuation of PGC-1α and HIF-1α levels enhanced the likelihood of muscle atrophy and declined function after ischemia. In the current study, we examined muscle levels of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolizing enzymes, anti-oxidant capacity and focused on protein modifications that might compromise PGC-1α function during ischemic angiogenesis. Although skeletal muscles express the key enzyme (MTHFR) that participates in re-methylation of Hcy into methionine, lack of trans-sulfuration enzymes (CBS and CSE) make skeletal muscles more susceptible to the HHcy-induced myopathy. Our study indicates that elevated Hcy levels in the CBS-/+ mouse skeletal muscles caused diminished anti-oxidant capacity and contributed to enhanced total protein as well as PGC-1α specific nitrotyrosylation after ischemia. Furthermore, in the presence of NO donor SNP, either homocysteine (Hcy) or its cyclized version, Hcy thiolactone, not only increased PGC-1α specific protein nitrotyrosylation but also reduced its association with PPARγ in C2C12 cells. Altogether these results suggest that HHcy exerts its myopathic effects via reduction of the PGC-1/PPARγ axis after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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189
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L. Akenhead M, Y. Shin H. The Contribution of Cell Surface Components to the Neutrophil Mechanosensitivity to Shear Stresses. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2015.3.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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190
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Sousa JB, Fresco P, Diniz C. Endothelial dysfunction impairs vascular neurotransmission in tail arteries. Neurochem Int 2014; 80:7-13. [PMID: 25447765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study intends to clarify if endothelium dysfunction impairs vascular sympathetic neurotransmission. Electrically-evoked tritium overflow (100 pulses/5 Hz) was evaluated in arteries (intact and denuded) or exhibiting some degree of endothelium dysfunction (spontaneously hypertensive arteries), pre-incubated with [(3)H]-noradrenaline in the presence of enzymes (nitric oxide synthase (NOS); nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase; xanthine oxidase; cyclooxygenase; adenosine kinase) inhibitors and a nucleoside transporter inhibitor. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with L-NIO dihydrochloride reduced tritium overflow in intact arteries whereas inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase with Nω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride was devoid of effect showing that only endothelial nitric oxide synthase is involved in vascular sympathetic neuromodulation. Inhibition of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species or prostaglandins production with apocynin and allopurinol or indomethacin, respectively, failed to alter tritium overflow. A facilitation or reduction of tritium overflow was observed in the presence of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) or of 5-iodotubericidin, respectively, but only in intact arteries. These effects can be ascribed to a tonic inhibitory effect mediated by A1 receptors. In denuded and hypertensive arteries, 7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c] pyrimidine (SCH 58261) reduced tritium overflow, suggesting the occurrence of a tonic activation of A2A receptors. When endogenous adenosine bioavailability was increased by the nucleoside transporter inhibitor, S-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine, tritium overflow increased in intact, denuded and hypertensive arteries. Among the endothelium-derived substances studied that could alter vascular sympathetic transmission only adenosine/adenosine receptor mediated mechanisms were clearly impaired by endothelium injury/dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Sousa
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; MedinUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Portugal
| | - Paula Fresco
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; MedinUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- REQUIMTE/FARMA, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; MedinUP- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa, Portugal.
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191
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192
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Zezos P, Kouklakis G, Saibil F. Inflammatory bowel disease and thromboembolism. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13863-78. [PMID: 25320522 PMCID: PMC4194568 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i38.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of vascular complications. Thromboembolic complications, both venous and arterial, are serious extraintestinal manifestations complicating the course of IBD and can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with IBD are more prone to thromboembolic complications and IBD per se is a risk factor for thromboembolic disease. Data suggest that thrombosis is a specific feature of IBD that can be involved in both the occurrence of thromboembolic events and the pathogenesis of the disease. The exact etiology for this special association between IBD and thromboembolism is as yet unknown, but it is thought that multiple acquired and inherited factors are interacting and producing the increased tendency for thrombosis in the local intestinal microvasculature, as well as in the systemic circulation. Clinicians' awareness of the risks, and their ability to promptly diagnose and manage tromboembolic complications are of vital importance. In this review we discuss how thromboembolic disease is related to IBD, specifically focusing on: (1) the epidemiology and clinical features of thromboembolic complications in IBD; (2) the pathophysiology of thrombosis in IBD; and (3) strategies for the prevention and management of thromboembolic complications in IBD patients.
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193
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A global proteome approach in uric acid stimulated human aortic endothelial cells revealed regulation of multiple major cellular pathways. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:746-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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194
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Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is the hallmark of every cardiovascular disease/condition, including atherosclerosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Fluid shear stress acting on the vascular endothelium is known to regulate cell homeostasis. Altered hemodynamics is thought to play a causative role in endothelial dysfunction. The dysfunction is associated with/preceded by mitochondrial oxidative stress. Studies by our group and others have shown that the form and/or function of the mitochondrial network are affected when endothelial cells are exposed to shear stress in the absence or presence of additional physicochemical stimuli. The present review will summarize the current knowledge on the interconnections among intracellular Ca2+ - nitric oxide - mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and cell apoptosis vs. survival. More specifically, it will list the evidence on potential regulation of the above intracellular species and processes by the fluid shear stress acting on the endothelium under either physiological flow conditions or during reperfusion (following a period of ischemia). Understanding how the local hemodynamics affects mitochondrial physiology and the cell redox state may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention or treatment of the endothelial dysfunction and, hence, of cardiovascular disease.
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195
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Deng Q, Huo Y, Luo J. Endothelial mechanosensors: the gatekeepers of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stress. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:755-62. [PMID: 25104447 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) not only serve as a barrier between blood and extravascular space to modulate the exchange of fluid, macromolecules and cells, but also play a critical role in regulation of vascular homeostasis and adaptation under mechanical stimulus via intrinsic mechanotransduction. Recently, with the dissection of microdomains responsible for cellular responsiveness to mechanical stimulus, a lot of mechanosensing molecules (mechanosensors) and pathways have been identified in ECs. In addition, there is growing evidence that endothelial mechanosensors not only serve as key vascular gatekeepers, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders. This review focuses on recent findings in endothelial mechanosensors in subcellular microdomains and their roles in regulation of physiological and pathological functions under mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiuPing Deng
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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196
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Reprint of “Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors”. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 62:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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197
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Ng CY, Leong XF, Masbah N, Adam SK, Kamisah Y, Jaarin K. Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 61:1-9. [PMID: 24632108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It may result from the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors including sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits. The quality of dietary oils and fats has been widely recognised to be inextricably linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Vegetable oil is one of the essential dietary components in daily food consumption. However, the benefits of vegetable oil can be deteriorated by repeated heating that leads to lipid oxidation. The practice of using repeatedly heated cooking oil is not uncommon as it will reduce the cost of food preparation. Thermal oxidation yields new functional groups which may be potentially hazardous to cardiovascular health. Prolonged consumption of the repeatedly heated oil has been shown to increase blood pressure and total cholesterol, cause vascular inflammation as well as vascular changes which predispose to atherosclerosis. The harmful effect of heated oils is attributed to products generated from lipid oxidation during heating process. In view of the potential hazard of oxidation products, therefore this review article will provide an insight and awareness to the general public on the consumption of repeatedly heated oils which is detrimental to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Masbah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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