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Dario MFR, Sara T, Estela CO, Margarita PM, Guillermo ET, Fernando RDF, Javier SL, Carmen P. Stress, Depression, Resilience and Ageing: A Role for the LPA-LPA1 Pathway. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:271-283. [PMID: 28699486 PMCID: PMC5843979 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170710200352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress affects health and the quality of life, with its effects being particularly relevant in ageing due to the psychobiological characteristics of this population. However, while some people develop psychiatric disorders, especially depression, others seem very capable of dealing with adversity. There is no doubt that along with the identification of neurobiological mechanisms involved in developing depression, discovering which factors are involved in positive adaptation under circumstances of extreme difficulty will be crucial for promoting resilience. METHODS Here, we review recent work in our laboratory, using an animal model lacking the LPA1 receptor, together with pharmacological studies and clinical evidence for the possible participation of the LPA1 receptor in mood and resilience to stress. RESULTS Substantial evidence has shown that the LPA1 receptor is involved in emotional regulation and in coping responses to chronic stress, which, if dysfunctional, may induce vulnerability to stress and predisposition to the development of depression. Given that there is commonality of mechanisms between those involved in negative consequences of stress and in ageing, this is not surprising, considering that the LPA1 receptor may be involved in coping with adversity during ageing. CONCLUSION Alterations in this receptor may be a susceptibility factor for the presence of depression and cognitive deficits in the elderly population. However, because this is only a promising hypothesis based on previous data, future studies should focus on the involvement of the LPA-LPA1 pathway in coping with stress and resilience in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moreno-Fernández Román Dario
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Tabbai Sara
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Castilla-Ortega Estela
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Pérez-Martín Margarita
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de
Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Estivill-Torrús Guillermo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitarios de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Santin Luis Javier
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Pedraza Carmen
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las CC, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga; Málaga 29071, Spain
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152
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The use of quetiapine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: Evidence from clinical and experimental studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:36-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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153
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Johnson FK, Kaffman A. Early life stress perturbs the function of microglia in the developing rodent brain: New insights and future challenges. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:18-27. [PMID: 28625767 PMCID: PMC5732099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the innate immune system in mediating some of the consequences of childhood abuse and neglect has received increasing attention in recent years. Most of the work to date has focused on the role that neuroinflammation plays in the long-term adult psychiatric and medical complications associated with childhood maltreatment. The effects of stress-induced neuroinflammation on neurodevelopment have received little attention because until recently this issue has not been studied systematically in animal models of early life stress. The primary goal of this review is to explore the hypothesis that elevated corticosterone during the first weeks of life in mice exposed to brief daily separation (BDS), which is a mouse model of early life stress, disrupts microglial function during a critical period of brain development. We propose that perturbations of microglial function lead to abnormal maturation of several neuronal and non-neuronal cellular processes resulting in behavioral abnormalities that emerge during the juvenile period and persist in adulthood. Here, we highlight recent work demonstrating that exposure to BDS alters microglial cell number, morphology, phagocytic activity, and gene expression in the developing hippocampus in a manner that extends into the juvenile period. These changes in microglial function are associated with abnormalities in developmental processes mediated by microglia including synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning, axonal growth, and myelination. We examine the changes in microglial gene expression in the context of previous work demonstrating developmental and behavioral abnormalities in BDS mice and in other animal models of early life stress. The possible utility of these findings for developing novel PET imaging to assess microglial function in individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances K Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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154
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Tasbihgou SR, Netkova M, Kalmar AF, Doorduin J, Struys MMRF, Schoemaker RG, Absalom AR. Brain changes due to hypoxia during light anaesthesia can be prevented by deepening anaesthesia; a study in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193062. [PMID: 29451906 PMCID: PMC5815614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In anaesthetic practice the risk of cerebral ischemic/hypoxic damage is thought to be attenuated by deep anaesthesia. The rationale is that deeper anaesthesia reduces cerebral oxygen demand more than light anaesthesia, thereby increasing the tolerance to ischemia or hypoxia. However, evidence to support this is scarce. We thus investigated the influence of light versus deep anaesthesia on the responses of rat brains to a period of hypoxia. In the first experiment we exposed adult male Wistar rats to deep or light propofol anaesthesia and then performed [18F]- Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans to verify the extent of cerebral metabolic suppression. In subsequent experiments, rats were subjected to light/deep propofol anaesthesia and then exposed to a period of hypoxia or ongoing normoxia (n = 9-11 per group). A further 5 rats, not exposed to anaesthesia or hypoxia, served as controls. Four days later a Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test was performed to assess mood and cognition. After another 4 days, the animals were sacrificed for later immunohistochemical analyses of neurogenesis/neuroplasticity (Doublecortin; DCX), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) expression and neuroinflammation (Ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1; Iba-1) in hippocampal and piriform cortex slices. The hippocampi of rats subjected to hypoxia during light anaesthesia showed lower DCX positivity, and therefore lower neurogenesis, but higher BDNF levels and microglia hyper-ramification. Exploration was reduced, but no significant effect on NOR was observed. In the piriform cortex, higher DCX positivity was observed, associated with neuroplasticity. All these effects were attenuated by deep anaesthesia. Deepening anaesthesia attenuated the brain changes associated with hypoxia. Hypoxia during light anaesthesia had a prolonged effect on the brain, but no impairment in cognitive function was observed. Although reduced hippocampal neurogenesis may be considered unfavourable, higher BDNF expression, associated with microglia hyper-ramification may suggest activation of repair mechanisms. Increased neuroplasticity observed in the piriform cortex supports this, and might reflect a prolonged state of alertness rather than damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setayesh R. Tasbihgou
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mina Netkova
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain F. Kalmar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel M. R. F. Struys
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Regien G. Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anthony R. Absalom
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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155
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Pietrogrande G, Mabotuwana N, Zhao Z, Abdolhoseini M, Johnson SJ, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Chronic stress induced disturbances in Laminin: A significant contributor to modulating microglial pro-inflammatory tone? Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:23-33. [PMID: 28943293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, evidence supporting a link between microglia enhanced neuro-inflammatory signalling and mood disturbance has continued to build. One issue that has not been well addressed yet are the factors that drive microglia to enter into a higher pro-inflammatory state. The current study addressed the potential role of the extracellular matrix protein Laminin. C57BL6 adult mice were either exposed to chronic stress or handled for 6 consecutive weeks. Changes in Laminin, microglial morphology and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were examined in tissue obtained from mice exposed to a chronic restraint stress procedure. These in vivo investigations were complemented by an extensive set of in vitro experiments utilising both a primary microglia and BV2 cell line to examine how Laminin influenced microglial pro-inflammatory tone. Chronic stress enhanced the expression of Laminin, microglial de-ramification and pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling. We further identified that microglia when cultured in the presence of Laminin produced and released significantly greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; took longer to return to baseline following stimulation and exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity. These results suggest that chronic restraint stress is capable of modulating Laminin within the CNS, an effect that has implications for understanding environmental mediated disturbances of microglial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pietrogrande
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle 2305, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Zidan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle 2305, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Abdolhoseini
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle 2305, NSW, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle 2305, NSW, Australia.
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156
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Bolós M, Perea JR, Terreros-Roncal J, Pallas-Bazarra N, Jurado-Arjona J, Ávila J, Llorens-Martín M. Absence of microglial CX3CR1 impairs the synaptic integration of adult-born hippocampal granule neurons. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:76-89. [PMID: 29017970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells that play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis. Among the mechanisms of communication between microglia and neurons, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis exerts a central modulatory role. Animals lacking CX3CR1 microglial receptor (CX3CR1-/- mice) exhibit marked alterations not only in microglia but also in neurons located in various regions of the brain. Here we show that microglial depletion of CX3CR1 leads to the deficient synaptic integration of adult-born granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG), both at the afferent and efferent level. Regarding the alterations in the former level, these cells show a reduced number of dendritic spines, which also exhibit morphological changes, namely enlargement and shortening. With respect to changes at the efferent level, these cells show a reduced area of axonal terminals. Both at the afferent and efferent level, synapses show ultrastructural enlargement, but they are depleted of synaptic vesicles, which suggests impaired functionality. We also show that selective increased microglial activation and extracellular matrix deposition in the zones in which the afferent synaptic contacts of these cells occur, namely in the molecular and the granule layer of the DG. In order to evaluate the impact of these structural alterations from a functional point of view, we performed a battery of behavioral tests related to hippocampal-dependent emotional behavior. We observed that female CX3CR1-/- mice exhibit a hyperactive, anxiolytic-like and depressive-like phenotype. These data shed light on novel aspects of the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by microglia that could be highly relevant for research into mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bolós
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J R Perea
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Terreros-Roncal
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - N Pallas-Bazarra
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Jurado-Arjona
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ávila
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Llorens-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CBMSO, CSIC-UAM. Madrid (Spain). Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Spain; Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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157
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Schubert I, Ahlbrand R, Winter A, Vollmer L, Lewkowich I, Sah R. Enhanced fear and altered neuronal activation in forebrain limbic regions of CX3CR1-deficient mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:34-43. [PMID: 28943292 PMCID: PMC8411798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports immune dysfunction in psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The association of immunomodulatory mechanisms with PTSD-relevant behavior and physiology is not well understood. Communication between neurons and microglia, resident immune cells of the central nervous system, is crucial for optimal regulation of behavior and physiology. In this regard, the fractalkine CX3CL1, secreted from neurons and its target, the microglial CX3CR1 receptor represent a primary neuron-microglia inter-regulatory system important for synaptic plasticity and function. The current study investigated the impact of CX3CR1 deficiency on behaviors relevant to PTSD, such as fear acquisition and memory, acoustic startle response and anxiety-like behavior. Morphological analysis of microglia and neuronal activation within PTSD-relevant forebrain nuclei regulating stress and fear behaviors was also conducted. CX3CR1-deficient (CX3CR1-/-) mice elicited increased fear acquisition as well as reinstatement of fear as compared to wild type (CX3CR1+/+) mice. Conditioned fear and extinction were not significantly different between genotypes. No significant differences were observed in unconditioned acoustic startle response between genotypes. CX3CR1-/- mice showed reduced anxiety-like behaviors as compared with CX3CR1+/+ mice. Morphological assessment of microglia showed region-selective effects of CX3CR1 deficiency, primarily within hypothalamic and cortical areas. Lastly, CX3CR1-/- mice elicited elevated neuronal activity in the PVN and the ventral tegmental-interpeduncular area following reinstatement of fear. Collectively, our data suggest that impaired CX3CR1 function may evoke region-selective alterations in forebrain circuits regulating stress, anxiety and fear, impacting behaviors relevant to disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Schubert
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States; Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Rebecca Ahlbrand
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Andrew Winter
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States
| | - Lauren Vollmer
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Dept. of Immunobiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, United States; VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
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158
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Wang R, Wang W, Xu J, Liu D, Jiang H, Pan F. Dynamic Effects of Early Adolescent Stress on Depressive-Like Behaviors and Expression of Cytokines and JMJD3 in the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus of Rats. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:471. [PMID: 30364220 PMCID: PMC6193509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Expression of inflammatory cytokines in the brain has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of and susceptibility to depression. Jumonji domain-containing 3 (Jmjd3), which is a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase and can regulate microglial activation, has been regarded as a crucial element in the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, recent studies highlighted the fact that lipopolysaccharides induce depressive-like behaviors and higher Jmjd3 expression and lower H3K27me3 expression in the brain. However, whether the process of Jmjd3 mediating inflammatory cytokines was involved in the susceptibility to depression due to early-life stress remained elusive. Methods: Rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in adolescence were used in order to detect dynamic alterations in depressive-like behaviors and expression of cytokines, Jmjd3, and H3K27me3 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, was employed to observe the protective effects. Results: Our results showed that CUMS during the adolescent period induced depressive-like behaviors, over-expression of cytokines, and increased Jmjd3 and decreased H3K27me3 expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of both adolescent and adult rats. However, minocycline relieved all the alterations. Conclusion: The study revealed that Jmjd3 might be involved in the susceptibility to depressive-like behaviors by modulating H3K27me3 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats that had been stressed during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Ethics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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159
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Wohleb ES, Terwilliger R, Duman CH, Duman RS. Stress-Induced Neuronal Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Provokes Microglia-Mediated Neuronal Remodeling and Depressive-like Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:38-49. [PMID: 28697890 PMCID: PMC6506225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress exposure causes neuronal atrophy and synaptic deficits in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), contributing to development of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Concomitantly, microglia in the PFC undergo morphological and functional changes following stress exposure, suggesting that microglia contribute to synaptic deficits underlying behavioral consequences. METHODS Male and female mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to examine the role of neuron-microglia interactions in the medial PFC during development of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Thy1-GFP-M mice were used to assess microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling and dendritic spine density in the medial PFC. Viral-mediated knockdown of neuronal colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) was used to modulate microglia function and behavioral consequences after CUS. RESULTS CUS promoted anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors that were associated with increased messenger RNA levels of CSF1 in the PFC. Increased CSF1 messenger RNA levels were also detected in the postmortem dorsolateral PFC of individuals with depression. Moreover, microglia isolated from the frontal cortex of mice exposed to CUS show elevated CSF1 receptor expression and increased phagocytosis of neuronal elements. Notably, functional alterations in microglia were more pronounced in male mice compared with female mice. These functional changes in microglia corresponded with reduced dendritic spine density on pyramidal neurons in layer 1 of the medial PFC. Viral-mediated knockdown of neuronal CSF1 in the medial PFC attenuated microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling and prevented behavioral deficits caused by CUS. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that stress-induced elevations in neuronal CSF1 provokes microglia-mediated neuronal remodeling in the medial PFC, contributing to synaptic deficits and development of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH,Corresponding author: Eric S. Wohleb, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2120 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, OH 45237 U.S.A.,
| | | | - Catharine H. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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160
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Franklin TC, Wohleb ES, Zhang Y, Fogaça M, Hare B, Duman RS. Persistent Increase in Microglial RAGE Contributes to Chronic Stress-Induced Priming of Depressive-like Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:50-60. [PMID: 28882317 PMCID: PMC6369917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress-induced inflammatory responses occur in part via danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), but the receptor(s) underlying DAMP signaling have not been identified. METHODS Microglia morphology and DAMP signaling in enriched rat hippocampal microglia were examined during the development and expression of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced behavioral deficits, including long-term, persistent changes after CUS. RESULTS The results show that CUS promotes significant morphological changes and causes robust upregulation of HMGB1 messenger RNA in enriched hippocampal microglia, an effect that persists for up to 6 weeks after CUS exposure. This coincides with robust and persistent upregulation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) messenger RNA, but not toll-like receptor 4 in hippocampal microglia. CUS also increased surface expression of RAGE protein on hippocampal microglia as determined by flow cytometry and returned to basal levels 5 weeks after CUS. Importantly, exposure to short-term stress was sufficient to increase RAGE surface expression as well as anhedonic behavior, reflecting a primed state that results from a persistent increase in RAGE messenger RNA expression. Further evidence for DAMP signaling in behavioral responses is provided by evidence that HMGB1 infusion into the hippocampus was sufficient to cause anhedonic behavior and by evidence that RAGE knockout mice were resilient to stress-induced anhedonia. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results provide evidence of persistent microglial HMGB1-RAGE expression that increases vulnerability to depressive-like behaviors long after chronic stress exposure.
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161
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Cathepsin C Aggravates Neuroinflammation Involved in Disturbances of Behaviour and Neurochemistry in Acute and Chronic Stress-Induced Murine Model of Depression. Neurochem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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162
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Haj-Mirzaian A, Amiri S, Amini-Khoei H, Hosseini MJ, Haj-Mirzaian A, Momeny M, Rahimi-Balaei M, Dehpour AR. Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors are Associated with Altered Hippocampal Energy and Inflammatory Status in a Mouse Model of Crohn’s Disease. Neuroscience 2017; 366:124-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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163
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Espinosa-Garcia C, Sayeed I, Yousuf S, Atif F, Sergeeva EG, Neigh GN, Stein DG. Stress primes microglial polarization after global ischemia: Therapeutic potential of progesterone. Brain Behav Immun 2017. [PMID: 28648389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that stress is associated with increased risk of stroke and worsened outcome, most preclinical studies have ignored this comorbid factor, especially in the context of testing neuroprotective treatments. Preclinical research suggests that stress primes microglia, resulting in an enhanced reactivity to a subsequent insult and potentially increasing vulnerability to stroke. Ischemia-induced activated microglia can be polarized into a harmful phenotype, M1, which produces pro-inflammatory cytokines, or a protective phenotype, M2, which releases anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. Selective modulation of microglial polarization by inhibiting M1 or stimulating M2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cerebral ischemia. Our laboratory and others have shown progesterone to be neuroprotective against ischemic stroke in rodents, but it is not known whether it will be as effective under a comorbid condition of chronic stress. Here we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of progesterone on the inflammatory response in the hippocampus after exposure to stress followed by global ischemia. We focused on the effects of microglial M1/M2 polarization and pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in stressed ischemic animals. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 8 consecutive days of social defeat stress and then subjected to global ischemia or sham surgery. The rats received intraperitoneal injections of progesterone (8mg/kg) or vehicle at 2h post-ischemia followed by subcutaneous injections at 6h and once every 24h post-injury for 7days. The animals were killed at 7 and 14days post-ischemia, and brains were removed and processed to assess outcome measures using histological, immunohistochemical and molecular biology techniques. Pre-ischemic stress (1) exacerbated neuronal loss and neurodegeneration as well as microglial activation in the selectively vulnerable CA1 hippocampal region, (2) dysregulated microglial polarization, leading to upregulation of both M1 and M2 phenotype markers, (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and (4) reduced anti-inflammatory cytokine and neurotrophic factor expression in the ischemic hippocampus. Treatment with progesterone significantly attenuated stress-induced microglia priming by modulating polarized microglia and the inflammatory environment in the hippocampus, the area most vulnerable to ischemic injury. Our findings can be taken to suggest that progesterone holds potential as a candidate for clinical testing in ischemic stroke where high stress may be a contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Seema Yousuf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Fahim Atif
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Elena G Sergeeva
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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164
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Zhang J, Xie X, Tang M, Zhang J, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Han Y, Yan W, Peng C, You Z. Salvianolic acid B promotes microglial M2-polarization and rescues neurogenesis in stress-exposed mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:111-124. [PMID: 28736034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence suggests that activated microglia are associated with deficits in neurogenesis and contribute to the physiopathology of major depressive disorder, the role of microglia in treating depression remains poorly understood. Our previous study showed that salvianolic acid (SalB) has the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses and antidepressant-like effects. Here, we hypothesized that SalB's therapeutic effects occur because it modulates microglial phenotypes that are associated with neurogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we treated CMS-exposed C57BL/6 mice with SalB (20mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) for 3weeks and investigated microglial phenotypic profiles and hippocampal neurogenesis. The results showed that the SalB treatment skewed M1 microglial polarization toward M2 activation in the hippocampus and cortex and remedied CMS-induced deficits in hippocampal neurogenesis. SalB (40µM) inhibited LPS-stimulated microglial M1 activation as well as induced M2 activation in vitro, and the cultured microglia with the SalB treatment showed enhanced neural precursor cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. SalB treatment also ameliorated the depressive-like behaviors of the CMS-treated mice in sucrose preference, forced swimming, and tail suspension tests. These findings suggest a possible antidepressive mechanism for anti-inflammatory agents that is correlated with microglial polarization and hippocampal neurogenesis and which may provide a new microglia-targeted strategy for depression therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mingming Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Qiuying Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yue Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Wan Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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165
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Stein DJ, Vasconcelos MF, Albrechet-Souza L, Ceresér KMM, de Almeida RMM. Microglial Over-Activation by Social Defeat Stress Contributes to Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:207. [PMID: 29114211 PMCID: PMC5660717 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper activation of the neuroimmune system is strongly related to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Psychosocial stress has been postulated to play an important role in triggering anxiety and major depression. In preclinical models, there is mounting evidence that social defeat stress activates microglial cells in the central nervous system. This type of stress could be one of the major factors in the development of these psychopathologies. Here, we reviewed the most recent literature on social defeat and the associated immunological reactions. We focused our attention on microglial cells and kept the effect of social defeat over microglia separate from the effect of this stressor on other immune cells and the influence of peripheral immune components in priming central immune reactions. Furthermore, we considered how social defeat stress affects microglial cells and the consequent development of anxiety- and depressive-like states in preclinical studies. We highlighted evidence for the negative impact of the over-activation of the neuroimmune system, especially by the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytotoxins. Overproduction of these molecules may cause cellular damage and loss or decreased function of neuronal activity by excessively pruning synaptic connections that ultimately contribute to the development of anxiety- and depressive-like states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirson J. Stein
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Albrechet-Souza
- Psychology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Keila M. M. Ceresér
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rosa M. M. de Almeida
- Psychology Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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166
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Psychoneuroimmunology of mental disorders. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2017; 11:115-124. [PMID: 28993125 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is a key element in the organism's defence system and participates in the maintenance of homeostasis. There is growing interest in the aetiopathogenic and prognostic implications of the immune system in mental disorders, as previous studies suggest the existence of a dysregulation of the immune response and a pro-inflammatory state in patients with mental disorders, as well as an increased prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients suffering from autoimmune diseases or receiving immune treatments. This study aims to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature on the role of Psychoneuroimmunology in mental disorders, with special focus on diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic issues. The development of this body of knowledge may bring in the future important advances in the vulnerability, aetiopathogenic mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of some mental disorders.
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167
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Wohleb ES, Delpech JC. Dynamic cross-talk between microglia and peripheral monocytes underlies stress-induced neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:40-48. [PMID: 27154755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress promotes the development and recurrence of anxiety and depressive behavioral symptoms. Basic and clinical research indicates that stress exposure can influence the neurobiology of mental health disorders through dysregulation of neuroimmune systems. Consistent with this idea several studies show that repeated stress exposure causes microglia activation and recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the brain contributing to development of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. Further studies show that stress-induced re-distribution of peripheral monocytes leads to stress-sensitized neuroimmune responses and recurrent anxiety-like behavior. These stress-associated immune changes are important because brain resident and peripheral immune cells contribute to physiological processes that support neuroplasticity. Thus, perturbations in neuroimmune function can lead to impaired neuronal responses and synaptic plasticity deficits that underlie behavioral symptoms of mental health disorders. In this review we discuss recent advances in neuroimmune regulation of behavior and summarize studies showing that stress-induced microglia activation and monocyte trafficking in the brain contribute to the neurobiology of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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168
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Brzozowska NI, Smith KL, Zhou C, Waters PM, Cavalcante LM, Abelev SV, Kuligowski M, Clarke DJ, Todd SM, Arnold JC. Genetic deletion of P-glycoprotein alters stress responsivity and increases depression-like behavior, social withdrawal and microglial activation in the hippocampus of female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:251-261. [PMID: 28502879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ABC transporter expressed at the blood brain barrier and regulates the brain uptake of various xenobiotics and endogenous mediators including glucocorticoid hormones which are critically important to the stress response. Moreover, P-gp is expressed on microglia, the brain's immune cells, which are activated by stressors and have an emerging role in psychiatric disorders. We therefore hypothesised that germline P-gp deletion in mice might alter the behavioral and microglial response to stressors. Female P-gp knockout mice displayed an unusual, frantic anxiety response to intraperitoneal injection stress in the light-dark test. They also tended to display reduced conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type (WT) mice in a paradigm where a single electric foot-shock stressor was paired to a context. Foot-shock stress reduced social interaction and decreased microglia cell density in the amygdala which was not varied by P-gp genotype. Independently of stressor exposure, female P-gp deficient mice displayed increased depression-like behavior, idiosyncratic darting behavior, age-related social withdrawal and hyperactivity, facilitated sensorimotor gating and altered startle reactivity. In addition, P-gp deletion increased microglia cell density in the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and the microglial cells exhibited a reactive, hypo-ramified morphology. Further, female P-gp KO mice displayed increased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this research shows that germline P-gp deletion affected various behaviors of relevance to psychiatric conditions, and that altered microglial cell activity and enhanced GR expression in the hippocampus may play a role in mediating these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Brzozowska
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristie L Smith
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Cilla Zhou
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter M Waters
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ligia Menezes Cavalcante
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah V Abelev
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kuligowski
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - David J Clarke
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie M Todd
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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169
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Abstract
Affect and emotion are defined as “an essential part of the process of an organism's interaction with stimuli.” Similar to affect, the immune response is the “tool” the body uses to interact with the external environment. Thanks to the emotional and immunological response, we learn to distinguish between what we like and what we do not like, to counteract a broad range of challenges, and to adjust to the environment we are living in. Recent compelling evidence has shown that the emotional and immunological systems share more than a similarity of functions. This review article will discuss the crosstalk between these two systems and the need for a new scientific area of research called affective immunology. Research in this field will allow a better understanding and appreciation of the immunological basis of mental disorders and the emotional side of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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170
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Luarte A, Cisternas P, Caviedes A, Batiz LF, Lafourcade C, Wyneken U, Henzi R. Astrocytes at the Hub of the Stress Response: Potential Modulation of Neurogenesis by miRNAs in Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1719050. [PMID: 29081809 PMCID: PMC5610870 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1719050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive stress negatively affects several brain functions and neuronal networks. Moreover, adult neurogenesis is consistently impaired in chronic stress models and in associated human diseases such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, while it is restored by effective antidepressant treatments. The adult neurogenic niche contains neural progenitor cells in addition to amplifying progenitors, neuroblasts, immature and mature neurons, pericytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells. Because of their particular and crucial position, with their end feet enwrapping endothelial cells and their close communication with the cells of the niche, astrocytes might constitute a nodal point to bridge or transduce systemic stress signals from peripheral blood, such as glucocorticoids, to the cells involved in the neurogenic process. It has been proposed that communication between astrocytes and niche cells depends on direct cell-cell contacts and soluble mediators. In addition, new evidence suggests that this communication might be mediated by extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, and in particular, by their miRNA cargo. Here, we address some of the latest findings regarding the impact of stress in the biology of the neurogenic niche, and postulate how astrocytic exosomes (and miRNAs) may play a fundamental role in such phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luarte
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cisternas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Caviedes
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Batiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lafourcade
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Henzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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171
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Lovelock DF, Deak T. Repeated exposure to two stressors in sequence demonstrates that corticosterone and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus interleukin-1β responses habituate independently. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29:10.1111/jne.12514. [PMID: 28803453 PMCID: PMC5617797 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of stress-related pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder are considered to arise from aberrant or maladaptive forms of stress adaptation. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis readily adapts to repeated stressor exposure, yet little is known about adaptation in neuroimmune responses to repeated or sequential stress challenges. In Experiment 1, rats were exposed to 10 days of restraint alone (60 minutes daily), forced swim alone (30 minutes daily) or daily sequential exposure to restraint (60 minutes) followed immediately by forced swim (30 minutes), termed sequential stress exposure. Habituation of the corticosterone (CORT) response occurred to restraint by 5 days and swim at 10 days, whereas rats exposed to sequential stress exposure failed to display habituation to the combined challenge. Experiment 2 compared 1 or 5 days of forced swim with sequential stress exposure and examined how each affected expression of several neuroimmune and cellular activation genes in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HPC). Sequential exposure to restraint and swim increased interleukin (IL)-1β in the PVN, an effect that was attenuated after 5 days. Sequential stress exposure also elicited IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α responses in the HPC and PFC, respectively, which did not habituate after 5 days. Experiment 3 tested whether prior habituation to restraint (5 days) would alter the IL-1β response evoked by swim exposure imposed immediately after the sixth day of restraint. Surprisingly, a history of repeated exposure to restraint attenuated the PVN IL-1β response after swim in comparison to acutely-exposed subjects despite an equivalent CORT response. Overall, these findings suggest that habituation of neuroimmune responses to stress proceeds: (i) independent of HPA axis habituation; (ii) likely requires more daily sessions of stress to develop; and (iii) IL-1β displays a greater tendency to habituate after repeated stress challenges compared to other stress-reactive cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis F. Lovelock
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton NY 13902-6000
| | - Terrence Deak
- Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University—SUNY, Binghamton NY 13902-6000
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172
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Barbosa FM, Cabral D, Kabadayan F, Bondan EF, de Fátima Monteiro Martins M, Kirsten TB, Bonamin LV, Queiroz-Hazarbassanov N, Martha Bernardi M, Saraceni CHC. Depressive behavior induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress increases dentin hypersensitivity in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:164-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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173
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Zare-Shahabadi A, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Neurotransmission systems in Parkinson’s disease. Rev Neurosci 2017; 28:509-536. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sanjari Moghaddam
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Student Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Zare-Shahabadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImmunology Research Association (NIRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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174
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Brendel M, Focke C, Blume T, Peters F, Deussing M, Probst F, Jaworska A, Overhoff F, Albert N, Lindner S, von Ungern-Sternberg B, Bartenstein P, Haass C, Kleinberger G, Herms J, Rominger A. Time Courses of Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Microglial Activity Across the Life Span of Wild-Type Mice: A PET Study. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1984-1990. [PMID: 28705919 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to findings in the human brain, 18F-FDG PET shows cerebral hypermetabolism of aged wild-type (WT) mice relative to younger animals, supposedly due to microglial activation. Therefore, we used dual-tracer small-animal PET to examine directly the link between neuroinflammation and hypermetabolism in aged mice. Methods: WT mice (5-20 mo) were investigated in a cross-sectional design using 18F-FDG (n = 43) and translocator protein (TSPO) (18F-GE180; n = 58) small-animal PET, with volume-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Biochemical analysis of plasma cytokine levels and immunohistochemical confirmation of microglial activity were also performed. Results: Age-dependent cortical hypermetabolism in WT mice relative to young animals aged 5 mo peaked at 14.5 mo (+16%, P < 0.001) and declined to baseline at 20 mo. Similarly, cortical TSPO binding increased to a maximum at 14.5 mo (+15%, P < 0.001) and remained high to 20 mo, resulting in an overall correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and TSPO binding (R = 0.69, P < 0.005). Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the TSPO small-animal PET findings. Conclusion: Age-dependent neuroinflammation is associated with the controversial observation of cerebral hypermetabolism in aging WT mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Brendel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Focke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Blume
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Finn Peters
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Federico Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jaworska
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix Overhoff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Kleinberger
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
| | - Jochen Herms
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and.,DZNE-German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, Munich, Germany .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; and
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175
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Lapato AS, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Connexins and pannexins: At the junction of neuro-glial homeostasis & disease. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:31-44. [PMID: 28580666 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), connexin (Cx)s and pannexin (Panx)s are an integral component of homeostatic neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Neuronal Cx gap junctions form electrical synapses across biochemically similar GABAergic networks, allowing rapid and extensive inhibition in response to principle neuron excitation. Glial Cx gap junctions link astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the pan-glial network that is responsible for removing excitotoxic ions and metabolites. In addition, glial gap junctions help constrain excessive excitatory activity in neurons and facilitate astrocyte Ca2+ slow wave propagation. Panxs do not form gap junctions in vivo, but Panx hemichannels participate in autocrine and paracrine gliotransmission, alongside Cx hemichannels. ATP and other gliotransmitters released by Cx and Panx hemichannels maintain physiologic glutamatergic tone by strengthening synapses and mitigating aberrant high frequency bursting. Under pathological depolarizing and inflammatory conditions, gap junctions and hemichannels become dysregulated, resulting in excessive neuronal firing and seizure. In this review, we present known contributions of Cxs and Panxs to physiologic neuronal excitation and explore how the disruption of gap junctions and hemichannels lead to abnormal glutamatergic transmission, purinergic signaling, and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Lapato
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521.,Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
| | - Seema K Tiwari-Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521.,Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521
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176
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Pro-inflammatory immune-to-brain signaling is involved in neuroendocrine responses to acute emotional stress. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:53-63. [PMID: 28179107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by inflammatory stressors (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide) is thought to involve vascular transduction of circulating cytokines, with perivascular macrophages (PVMs) along with endothelia, effecting activation of HPA control circuitry via inducible (cyclooxygenase-2- or COX-2-dependent) prostaglandin synthesis. To test the stressor-specificity of this mechanism, we examined whether ablation of PVMs or pharmacologic blockade of COX activity affected HPA responses to a representative emotional stressor, restraint. Exposing rats to a single 30min acute restraint episode provoked increased plasma levels of at least one proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6, microglial activation and multiple indices of cerebrovascular activation, including COX-2 expression and increased brain prostaglandin E2 levels at 0-2h after stress. Pretreatment with the nonselective COX inhibitor, indomethacin, either icv (10μg in 5μl) or iv (1mg/kg) significantly reduced restraint-induced Fos expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH) by 45%, relative to vehicle-injected controls. A 75% reduction of the PVH activational response was seen in rats exposed to acute restraint 5-7days after ablation of brain PVMs by icv injection of liposomes encapsulating the bisphosphonate drug, clodronate. Basal plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone were not altered in clodronate liposome-injected rats, but the peak magnitude of restraint-induced HPA secretory responses was substantially reduced, relative to animals pretreated with saline-filled liposomes. These findings support an unexpectedly prominent role for inducible prostaglandin synthesis by PVMs in HPA responses to acute restraint, a prototypic emotional stressor.
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177
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Liu YM, Shen JD, Xu LP, Li HB, Li YC, Yi LT. Ferulic acid inhibits neuro-inflammation in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:128-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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178
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D'Acquisto F. Affective immunology: where emotions and the immune response converge. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 19:9-19. [PMID: 28566943 PMCID: PMC5442367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Affect and emotion are defined as "an essential part of the process of an organism's interaction with stimuli." Similar to affect, the immune response is the "tool" the body uses to interact with the external environment. Thanks to the emotional and immunological response, we learn to distinguish between what we like and what we do not like, to counteract a broad range of challenges, and to adjust to the environment we are living in. Recent compelling evidence has shown that the emotional and immunological systems share more than a similarity of functions. This review article will discuss the crosstalk between these two systems and the need for a new scientific area of research called affective immunology. Research in this field will allow a better understanding and appreciation of the immunological basis of mental disorders and the emotional side of immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio D'Acquisto
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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179
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Ong LK, Zhao Z, Kluge M, TeBay C, Zalewska K, Dickson PW, Johnson SJ, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Reconsidering the role of glial cells in chronic stress-induced dopaminergic neurons loss within the substantia nigra? Friend or foe? Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:117-125. [PMID: 27717686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to psychological stress is known to seriously disrupt the operation of the substantia nigra (SN) and may in fact initiate the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the SN. In this study, we aimed to investigate how chronic stress modified the SN in adult male mice. Using a paradigm of repeated restraint stress (an average of 20h per week for 6weeks), we examined changes within the SN using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that chronic stress was associated with a clear loss of dopaminergic neurons within the SN. The loss of dopaminergic neurons was accompanied by higher levels of oxidative stress damage, indexed by levels of protein carbonylation and strong suppression of both microglial and astrocytic responses. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time, that chronic stress alone enhanced the aggregation of α-synuclein into the insoluble protein fraction. These results indicate that chronic stress triggered loss of dopaminergic neurons by increasing oxidative stress, suppressing glial neuroprotective functions and enhancing the aggregation of the neurotoxic protein, α-synuclein. Collectively, these results reinforce the negative effects of chronic stress on the viability of dopaminergic cells within the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Zidan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Murielle Kluge
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Clifford TeBay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Zalewska
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip W Dickson
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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180
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Authors' response re: "Reconsidering the role of glial cells in chronic stress-induced dopaminergic neurons loss within the substantia nigra? Friend of foe?" by Ong et al. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 2016. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 60:384. [PMID: 27915072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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181
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Willner P. The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression: History, evaluation and usage. Neurobiol Stress 2017; 6:78-93. [PMID: 28229111 PMCID: PMC5314424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Now 30 years old, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has been used in >1300 published studies, with a year-on-year increase rising to >200 papers in 2015. Data from a survey of users show that while a variety of names are in use (chronic mild/unpredictable/varied stress), these describe essentially the same procedure. This paper provides an update on the validity and reliability of the CMS model, and reviews recent data on the neurobiological basis of CMS effects and the mechanisms of antidepressant action: the volume of this research may be unique in providing a comprehensive account of antidepressant action within a single model. Also discussed is the use of CMS in drug discovery, with particular reference to hippocampal and extra-hippocampal targets. The high translational potential of the CMS model means that the neurobiological mechanisms described may be of particular relevance to human depression and mechanisms of clinical antidepressant action.
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182
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Early life peripheral lipopolysaccharide challenge reprograms catecholaminergic neurons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40475. [PMID: 28071709 PMCID: PMC5223129 DOI: 10.1038/srep40475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal immune challenge with the bacterial mimetic lipopolysaccharide has the capacity to generate long-term changes in the brain. Neonatal rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (0.05 mg/kg) on postnatal day (PND) 3 and again on PND 5. The activation state of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in the locus coeruleus, ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra on PND 85. In the locus coeruleus there was an approximately four-fold increase in TH activity. This was accompanied by a significant increase in TH protein together with increased phosphorylation of all three serine residues in the N-terminal region of TH. In the ventral tegmental area, a significant increase in TH activity and increased phosphorylation of the serine 40 residue was seen. Neonatal lipopolysaccharide had no effect on TH activation in the substantia nigra. These results indicate the capacity of a neonatal immune challenge to generate long-term changes in the activation state of TH, in particular in the locus coeruleus. Overall, the current results demonstrate the enduring outcomes of a neonatal immune challenge on specific brain catecholaminergic regions associated with catecholamine synthesis. This highlights a novel mechanism for long-term physiological and behavioural alterations induced by this model.
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183
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Ardura-Fabregat A, Boddeke EWGM, Boza-Serrano A, Brioschi S, Castro-Gomez S, Ceyzériat K, Dansokho C, Dierkes T, Gelders G, Heneka MT, Hoeijmakers L, Hoffmann A, Iaccarino L, Jahnert S, Kuhbandner K, Landreth G, Lonnemann N, Löschmann PA, McManus RM, Paulus A, Reemst K, Sanchez-Caro JM, Tiberi A, Van der Perren A, Vautheny A, Venegas C, Webers A, Weydt P, Wijasa TS, Xiang X, Yang Y. Targeting Neuroinflammation to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. CNS Drugs 2017; 31:1057-1082. [PMID: 29260466 PMCID: PMC5747579 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-017-0483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has focused on pathomechanisms linked to two of the major pathological hallmarks of extracellular deposition of beta-amyloid peptides and intra-neuronal formation of neurofibrils. Recently, a third disease component, the neuroinflammatory reaction mediated by cerebral innate immune cells, has entered the spotlight, prompted by findings from genetic, pre-clinical, and clinical studies. Various proteins that arise during neurodegeneration, including beta-amyloid, tau, heat shock proteins, and chromogranin, among others, act as danger-associated molecular patterns, that-upon engagement of pattern recognition receptors-induce inflammatory signaling pathways and ultimately lead to the production and release of immune mediators. These may have beneficial effects but ultimately compromise neuronal function and cause cell death. The current review, assembled by participants of the Chiclana Summer School on Neuroinflammation 2016, provides an overview of our current understanding of AD-related immune processes. We describe the principal cellular and molecular players in inflammation as they pertain to AD, examine modifying factors, and discuss potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ardura-Fabregat
- grid.5963.9Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E. W. G. M. Boddeke
- 0000 0004 0407 1981grid.4830.fDepartment of Neuroscience, Section Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Boza-Serrano
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Brioschi
- grid.5963.9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S. Castro-Gomez
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Ceyzériat
- grid.457334.2Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ,0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C. Dansokho
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Dierkes
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dBiomedical Centre, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - G. Gelders
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael T. Heneka
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany ,0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - L. Hoeijmakers
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Center for Neuroscience (SILS-CNS), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Iaccarino
- grid.15496.3fVita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,0000000417581884grid.18887.3eIn Vivo Human Molecular and Structural Neuroimaging Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Jahnert
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Kuhbandner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - G. Landreth
- 0000 0001 2287 3919grid.257413.6Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - N. Lonnemann
- 0000 0001 1090 0254grid.6738.aDepartment of Cellular Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - R. M. McManus
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Paulus
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K. Reemst
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Center for Neuroscience (SILS-CNS), Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. M. Sanchez-Caro
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Tiberi
- grid.6093.cBio@SNS Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - A. Van der Perren
- 0000 0001 0668 7884grid.5596.fDepartment of Neurosciences, Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A. Vautheny
- grid.457334.2Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF), Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France ,0000 0001 2171 2558grid.5842.bNeurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - C. Venegas
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Webers
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Weydt
- 0000 0000 8786 803Xgrid.15090.3dDepartment of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. S. Wijasa
- 0000 0004 0438 0426grid.424247.3German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - X. Xiang
- 0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Biomedical Center (BMC), Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany ,0000 0004 1936 973Xgrid.5252.0Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 82152 Munich, Germany
| | - Y. Yang
- 0000 0001 0930 2361grid.4514.4Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Biomedical Centrum (BMC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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184
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Saavedra LM, Fenton Navarro B, Torner L. Early Life Stress Activates Glial Cells in the Hippocampus but Attenuates Cytokine Secretion in Response to an Immune Challenge in Rat Pups. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017; 24:242-255. [PMID: 29332092 DOI: 10.1159/000485383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early life stress (ELS) increases the vulnerability to developing psychopathological disorders in adulthood that are accompanied by brain inflammatory processes. However, it is not known how a combined double hit (stress and immune) at an early age affects the response of the neuroimmune system. Here we investigated the effect of periodic maternal separation (MS) followed by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on glial cells in the CA3 region and hilus of the hippocampus and on cytokine release on postnatal day (PN) 15. METHODS Male rat pups were subjected to MS (3 h/day, PN1-14). MS and control pups received a single LPS injection (1 mg/kg of body weight) on PN14. They were subjected to an open field test 1 h later. The pups were sacrificed 90 min after LPS injection (PN14) or on PN15 for cytokine or immunohistological analyses, respectively. RESULTS LPS reduced the locomotion and induced high corticosterone levels in treated pups. MS or LPS reduced microglial density and activated microglial cells in the hippocampal CA3 and hilus regions. Microglial activation was highest in MS-LPS pups. The astrocyte density was mildly reduced by MS or LPS in the CA3 region and hilus, but the reduction was maximal in MS-LPS pups. LPS increased the secretion of plasmatic interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6, and of hippocampal IL-1β protein, but these were attenuated in MS-LPS pups. CONCLUSION Although MS and LPS activate neuroimmune cells, stress attenuates the hippocampal and peripheral cytokine response to LPS through an as-yet unidentified adaptive mechanism. These results provide information regarding the neurobiology of stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Saavedra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
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185
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Abstract
As the immune-competent cells of the brain, microglia play an increasingly important role in maintaining normal brain function. They invade the brain early in development, transform into a highly ramified phenotype, and constantly screen their environment. Microglia are activated by any type of pathologic event or change in brain homeostasis. This activation process is highly diverse and depends on the context and type of the stressor or pathology. Microglia can strongly influence the pathologic outcome or response to a stressor due to the release of a plethora of substances, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. They are the professional phagocytes of the brain and help orchestrate the immunological response by interacting with infiltrating immune cells. We describe here the diversity of microglia phenotypes and their responses in health, aging, and disease. We also review the current literature about the impact of lifestyle on microglia responses and discuss treatment options that modulate microglial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne A Wolf
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany;
| | - H W G M Boddeke
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany;
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186
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Wohleb ES. Neuron-Microglia Interactions in Mental Health Disorders: "For Better, and For Worse". Front Immunol 2016; 7:544. [PMID: 27965671 PMCID: PMC5126117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggests that reciprocal neuron–microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, implicating microglia in the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Neuron–microglia interactions are modulated by several molecular and cellular pathways, and dysregulation of these pathways often have neurobiological consequences, including aberrant neuronal responses and microglia activation. Impaired neuron-microglia interactions are implicated in mental health disorders because rodent stress models lead to concomitant neuronal dystrophy and alterations in microglia morphology and function. In this context, functional changes in microglia may be indicative of an immune state termed parainflammation in which tissue-resident macrophages (i.e., microglia) respond to malfunctioning cells by initiating modest inflammation in an attempt to restore homeostasis. Thus, aberrant neuronal activity and release of damage-associated signals during repeated stress exposure may contribute to functional changes in microglia and resultant parainflammation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that uncoupling neuron–microglia interactions may contribute to altered neuroplasticity and associated anxiety- or depressive-like behaviors. Additional work shows that microglia have varied phenotypes in specific brain regions, which may underlie divergent neuroplasticity observed in corticolimbic structures following stress exposure. These findings indicate that neuron–microglia interactions are critical mediators of the interface between adaptive, homeostatic neuronal function and the neurobiology of mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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187
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Wu Q, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Feng L. Chronic mild stress accelerates the progression of Parkinson's disease in A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice. Exp Neurol 2016; 285:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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188
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Smith BL, Schmeltzer SN, Packard BA, Sah R, Herman JP. Divergent effects of repeated restraint versus chronic variable stress on prefrontal cortical immune status after LPS injection. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 57:263-270. [PMID: 27177449 PMCID: PMC5015433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work from our group has shown that chronic homotypic stress (repeated restraint - RR) increases microglial morphological activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), while chronic heterotypic stress (chronic variable stress - CVS) produces no such effect. Therefore, we hypothesized that stressor modality would also determine the susceptibility of the PFC to a subsequent inflammatory stimulus (low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). We found that RR, but not CVS, increased Iba-1 soma size in the PFC after LPS injection, consistent with microglial activation. In contrast, CVS decreased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and Iba-1 in the PFC under baseline conditions, which were not further affected by LPS. Thus, RR appears to promote microglial responses to LPS, whereas CVS is largely immunosuppressive. The results suggest that neuroimmune changes caused by CVS may to some extent protect the PFC from subsequent inflammatory stimuli. These data suggest that modality and/or intensity of stressful experiences will be a major determinant of central inflammation and its effect on prefrontal cortex-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Smith
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, United States.
| | - Sarah N Schmeltzer
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, United States
| | - Benjamin A Packard
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, United States
| | - Renu Sah
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, United States
| | - James P Herman
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, United States
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189
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Mecha M, Carrillo-Salinas F, Feliú A, Mestre L, Guaza C. Microglia activation states and cannabinoid system: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 166:40-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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190
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Lehmann ML, Cooper HA, Maric D, Herkenham M. Social defeat induces depressive-like states and microglial activation without involvement of peripheral macrophages. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:224. [PMID: 27581371 PMCID: PMC5007852 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We are interested in the causal interactions between psychological stress and activity within different compartments of the immune system. Psychosocial stress has been reported to not only alter microglia morphology but also produce anxiety-like and depressive-like effects by triggering CNS infiltration of macrophages from the periphery. We sought to test these phenomena in a somewhat different but standardized model of chronic social defeat (SD) stress. Methods We used a paradigm of dyadic home pairing of dominant and subordinate mice that has been validated to induce powerful anxiety-like and depressive-like effects manifested by behavior assessed in social tasks. We administered the SD stress for 3 days (acute SD) or 14 days (chronic SD) and looked for monocyte entry into the brain by three independent means, including CD45 activation states assessed by flow cytometry and tracking fluorescently tagged peripheral cells from Ccr2wt/rfp and Ubcgfp/gfp reporter mice. We further characterized the effects of SD stress on microglia using quantitative morphometric analysis, ex vivo phagocytosis assays, flow cytometry, and immunochemistry. Results We saw no evidence of stress-induced macrophage entry after acute or chronic defeat stress. In comparison, brain infiltration of peripheral cells did occur after endotoxin administration. Furthermore, mutant mice lacking infiltrating macrophages due to CCR2 knockout developed the same degree of chronic SD-induced depressive behavior as wildtype mice. We therefore focused more closely on the intrinsic immune cells, the microglia. Using Cx3cr1wt/gpf microglial reporter mice, we saw by quantitative methods that microglial morphology was not altered by stress at either time point. However, chronic SD mice had elevated numbers of CD68hi microglia examined by flow cytometry. CD68 is a marker for phagocytic activity. Indeed, these cells ex vivo showed elevated phagocytosis, confirming the increased activation status of chronic SD microglia. Finally, acute SD but not chronic SD increased microglial proliferation, which occurred selectively in telencephalic stress-related brain areas. Conclusions In the SD paradigm, changes in CNS-resident microglia numbers and activation states might represent the main immunological component of the psychosocial stress-induced depressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Lehmann
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bldg. 35, Rm. 1C911, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3724, USA.
| | - Hannah A Cooper
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bldg. 35, Rm. 1C911, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3724, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- NINDS Flow Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Miles Herkenham
- Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bldg. 35, Rm. 1C911, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3724, USA
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191
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Aavani T, Rana SA, Hawkes R, Pittman QJ. Maternal immune activation produces cerebellar hyperplasia and alterations in motor and social behaviors in male and female mice. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 14:491-505. [PMID: 25863812 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-015-0669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There have been suggestions that maternal immune activation is associated with alterations in motor behavior in offspring. To explore this further, we treated pregnant mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a viral mimetic that activates the innate immune system, or saline on embryonic days 13-15. At postnatal day (P) 18, offspring cerebella were collected from perfused brains and immunostained as whole-mounts for zebrin II. Measurements of zebrin II+/- stripes in both sexes indicated that prenatal poly(I:C)-exposed offspring had significantly wider stripes; this difference was also seen in similarly treated offspring in adulthood (~P120). When sagittal sections of the cerebellum were immunostained for calbindin and Purkinje cell numbers were counted, we observed greater numbers of Purkinje cells in poly(I:C) offspring at both P18 and ~ P120. In adolescence (~P40), both male and female prenatal poly(I:C)-exposed offspring exhibited poorer performance on the rotarod and ladder rung tests; deficits in performance on the latter test persisted into adulthood. Offspring of both sexes from poly(I:C) dams also exhibited impaired social interaction in adolescence, but this difference was no longer apparent in adulthood. Our results suggest that maternal immune exposure at a critical time of cerebellum development can enhance neuronal survival or impair normal programmed cell death of Purkinje cells, with lasting consequences on cerebellar morphology and a variety of motor and non-motor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooka Aavani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shadna A Rana
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Genes & Development Research Group, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Quentin J Pittman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
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192
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Hellwig S, Brioschi S, Dieni S, Frings L, Masuch A, Blank T, Biber K. Altered microglia morphology and higher resilience to stress-induced depression-like behavior in CX3CR1-deficient mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:126-137. [PMID: 26576722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are suggested to be involved in several neuropsychiatric diseases. Indeed changes in microglia morphology have been reported in different mouse models of depression. A crucial regulatory system for microglia function is the well-defined CX3C axis. Thus, we aimed to clarify the role of microglia and CX3CR1 in depressive behavior by subjecting CX3CR1-deficient mice to a particular chronic despair model (CDM) paradigm known to exhibit face validity to major depressive disorder. In wild-type mice we observed the development of chronic depressive-like behavior after 5days of repetitive swim stress. 3D-reconstructions of Iba-1-labeled microglia in the dentate molecular layer revealed that behavioral effects were associated with changes in microglia morphology towards a state of hyper-ramification. Chronic treatment with the anti-depressant venlafaxine ameliorated depression-like behavior and restored microglia morphology. In contrast, CX3CR1 deficient mice showed a clear resistance to either (i) stress-induced depressive-like behavior, (ii) changes in microglia morphology and (iii) antidepressant treatment. Our data point towards a role of hyper-ramified microglia in the etiology of chronic depression. The lack of effects in CX3CR1 deficient mice suggests that microglia hyper-ramification is controlled by neuron-microglia signaling via the CX3C axis. However, it remains to be elucidated how hyper-ramified microglia contribute to depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Brioschi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Dieni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lars Frings
- Centre of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Masuch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Netherlands.
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193
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Milior G, Lecours C, Samson L, Bisht K, Poggini S, Pagani F, Deflorio C, Lauro C, Alboni S, Limatola C, Branchi I, Tremblay ME, Maggi L. Fractalkine receptor deficiency impairs microglial and neuronal responsiveness to chronic stress. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:114-125. [PMID: 26231972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is one of the most relevant triggering factors for major depression. Microglial cells are highly sensitive to stress and, more generally, to environmental challenges. However, the role of these brain immune cells in mediating the effects of stress is still unclear. Fractalkine signaling - which comprises the chemokine CX3CL1, mainly expressed by neurons, and its receptor CX3CR1, almost exclusively present on microglia in the healthy brain - has been reported to critically regulate microglial activity. Here, we investigated whether interfering with microglial function by deleting the Cx3cr1 gene affects the brain's response to chronic stress. To this purpose, we housed Cx3cr1 knockout and wild-type adult mice in either control or stressful environments for 2weeks, and investigated the consequences on microglial phenotype and interactions with synapses, synaptic transmission, behavioral response and corticosterone levels. Our results show that hampering neuron-microglia communication via the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 pathway prevents the effects of chronic unpredictable stress on microglial function, short- and long-term neuronal plasticity and depressive-like behavior. Overall, the present findings suggest that microglia-regulated mechanisms may underlie the differential susceptibility to stress and consequently the vulnerability to diseases triggered by the experience of stressful events, such as major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Milior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Cynthia Lecours
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Samson
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, Canada
| | - Silvia Poggini
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Center for Life Nanoscience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Deflorio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Département de Neuroscience, Institut Pasteur, Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Québec, Canada.
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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194
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Ohgidani M, Kato TA, Sagata N, Hayakawa K, Shimokawa N, Sato-Kasai M, Kanba S. TNF-α from hippocampal microglia induces working memory deficits by acute stress in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:17-24. [PMID: 26551431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microglia in stress responses has recently been highlighted, yet the underlying mechanisms of action remain unresolved. The present study examined disruption in working memory due to acute stress using the water-immersion resistant stress (WIRS) test in mice. Mice were subjected to acute WIRS, and biochemical, immunohistochemical, and behavioral assessments were conducted. Spontaneous alternations (working memory) significantly decreased after exposure to acute WIRS for 2h. We employed a 3D morphological analysis and site- and microglia-specific gene analysis techniques to detect microglial activity. Morphological changes in hippocampal microglia were not observed after acute stress, even when assessing ramification ratios and cell somata volumes. Interestingly, hippocampal tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were significantly elevated after acute stress, and acute stress-induced TNF-α was produced by hippocampal-ramified microglia. Conversely, plasma concentrations of TNF-α were not elevated after acute stress. Etanercept (TNF-α inhibitor) recovered working memory deficits in accordance with hippocampal TNF-α reductions. Overall, results suggest that TNF-α from hippocampal microglia is a key contributor to early-stage stress-to-mental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kohei Hayakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihiro Shimokawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mina Sato-Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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195
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Colasanti A, Guo Q, Giannetti P, Wall MB, Newbould RD, Bishop C, Onega M, Nicholas R, Ciccarelli O, Muraro PA, Malik O, Owen DR, Young AH, Gunn RN, Piccini P, Matthews PM, Rabiner EA. Hippocampal Neuroinflammation, Functional Connectivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:62-72. [PMID: 26809249 PMCID: PMC4918731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, a condition commonly comorbid with multiple sclerosis (MS), is associated more generally with elevated inflammatory markers and hippocampal pathology. We hypothesized that neuroinflammation in the hippocampus is responsible for depression associated with MS. We characterized the relationship between depressive symptoms and hippocampal microglial activation in patients with MS using the 18-kDa translocator protein radioligand [(18)F]PBR111. To evaluate pathophysiologic mechanisms, we explored the relationships between hippocampal neuroinflammation, depressive symptoms, and hippocampal functional connectivities defined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to 11 patients with MS and 22 healthy control subjects before scanning with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We tested for higher [(18)F]PBR111 uptake in the hippocampus of patients with MS relative to healthy control subjects and examined the correlations between [(18)F]PBR111 uptake, BDI scores, and hippocampal functional connectivities in the patients with MS. RESULTS Patients with MS had an increased hippocampal [(18)F]PBR111 distribution volume ratio relative to healthy control subjects (p = .024), and the hippocampal distribution volume ratio was strongly correlated with the BDI score in patients with MS (r = .86, p = .006). Hippocampal functional connectivities to the subgenual cingulate and prefrontal and parietal regions correlated with BDI scores and [(18)F]PBR111 distribution volume ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that hippocampal microglial activation in MS impairs the brain functional connectivities in regions contributing to maintenance of a normal affective state. Our results suggest a rationale for the responsiveness of depression in some patients with MS to effective control of brain neuroinflammation. Our findings also lend support to further investigation of the role of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of depression more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colasanti
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Qi Guo
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Giannetti
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mayca Onega
- Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Nicholas
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Ciccarelli
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Malik
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R Owen
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Piccini
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Psychological Medicine, and Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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196
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Maternal separation activates microglial cells and induces an inflammatory response in the hippocampus of male rat pups, independently of hypothalamic and peripheral cytokine levels. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 55:39-48. [PMID: 26431692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult animals subjected to chronic stress show an inflammatory response in the hippocampus which has been related to cognitive dysfunction and psychopathology. However the immediate consequences of early life stress on hippocampal glial cells have not been studied. Here we analyzed the effects of maternal separation (MS) on astrocyte and microglial cell morphology in the hippocampal hilus, compared the expression of cytokines in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, and the peripheral response of cytokines, on postnatal day (PD) 15. Male rat pups of MS (3h/day, PD1-PD14) and Control (CONT) pups showed similar microglial cell densities in the hilus, but MS pups presented more activated microglia. MS decreased astrocyte density and the number of processes in the hilus. Cytokine mRNA expression (qPCR) was analyzed in MS and CONT groups, sacrificed (i) under basal (B) conditions or (ii) after a single stress event (SS) at PN15. In hippocampal extracts, MS increased IL-1β mRNA, under B and SS conditions while IL-6 and TNF-α did not change. In hypothalamic tissue, MS increased TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, but not IL-1b, after SS. Peripheral concentrations of IL-1β were decreased under B and SS conditions in MS; IL-6 concentration increased after SS in MS pups, and TNF-α concentration was unchanged. In conclusion, MS activates microglial cells and decreases astrocyte density in the hippocampus. A differential cytokine expression is observed in the hippocampus and the hypothalamus after MS, and after SS. Also, MS triggers an independent response of peripheral cytokines. These specific responses together could contribute to decrease hippocampal neurogenesis and alter the neuroendocrine axis.
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197
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Abstract
Microglia constitute the powerhouse of the innate immune system in the brain. It is now widely accepted that they are monocytic-derived cells that infiltrate the developing brain at the early embryonic stages, and acquire a resting phenotype characterized by the presence of dense branching processes, called ramifications. Microglia use these dynamic ramifications as sentinels to sense and detect any occurring alteration in brain homeostasis. Once a danger signal is detected, such as molecular factors associated to brain damage or infection, they get activated by acquiring a less ramified phenotype, and mount adequate responses that range from phagocyting cell debris to secreting inflammatory and trophic factors. Here, we review the origin of microglia and we summarize the main molecular signals involved in controlling their function under physiological conditions. In addition, their implication in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and stress is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University Quebec, CA, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center (CHUL), Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University Quebec, CA, Canada
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198
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Verdonk F, Roux P, Flamant P, Fiette L, Bozza FA, Simard S, Lemaire M, Plaud B, Shorte SL, Sharshar T, Chrétien F, Danckaert A. Phenotypic clustering: a novel method for microglial morphology analysis. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:153. [PMID: 27317566 PMCID: PMC4912769 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial cells are tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system. They are extremely dynamic, sensitive to their microenvironment and present a characteristic complex and heterogeneous morphology and distribution within the brain tissue. Many experimental clues highlight a strong link between their morphology and their function in response to aggression. However, due to their complex “dendritic-like” aspect that constitutes the major pool of murine microglial cells and their dense network, precise and powerful morphological studies are not easy to realize and complicate correlation with molecular or clinical parameters. Methods Using the knock-in mouse model CX3CR1GFP/+, we developed a 3D automated confocal tissue imaging system coupled with morphological modelling of many thousands of microglial cells revealing precise and quantitative assessment of major cell features: cell density, cell body area, cytoplasm area and number of primary, secondary and tertiary processes. We determined two morphological criteria that are the complexity index (CI) and the covered environment area (CEA) allowing an innovative approach lying in (i) an accurate and objective study of morphological changes in healthy or pathological condition, (ii) an in situ mapping of the microglial distribution in different neuroanatomical regions and (iii) a study of the clustering of numerous cells, allowing us to discriminate different sub-populations. Results Our results on more than 20,000 cells by condition confirm at baseline a regional heterogeneity of the microglial distribution and phenotype that persists after induction of neuroinflammation by systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using clustering analysis, we highlight that, at resting state, microglial cells are distributed in four microglial sub-populations defined by their CI and CEA with a regional pattern and a specific behaviour after challenge. Conclusions Our results counteract the classical view of a homogenous regional resting state of the microglial cells within the brain. Microglial cells are distributed in different defined sub-populations that present specific behaviour after pathological challenge, allowing postulating for a cellular and functional specialization. Moreover, this new experimental approach will provide a support not only to neuropathological diagnosis but also to study microglial function in various disease models while reducing the number of animals needed to approach the international ethical statements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0614-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Verdonk
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Air Liquide Santé International, World Business Line Healthcare, Medical R&D, Paris-Saclay Research Center, 1 chemin de la Porte des Loges, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,TRIGGERSEP, F-CRIN Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Roux
- Imagopole - CITech, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Flamant
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- ICU, Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marc Lemaire
- Air Liquide Santé International, World Business Line Healthcare, Medical R&D, Paris-Saclay Research Center, 1 chemin de la Porte des Loges, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Benoit Plaud
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care, Saint-Louis University Hospital of Paris, Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | | | - Tarek Sharshar
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Department of Intensive Care, Raymond Poincare University Hospital, Garches, France.,Versailles Saint Quentin University, Versailles, France.,TRIGGERSEP, F-CRIN Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models Unit, Infection and Epidemiology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. .,Laboratoire hospitalo-universitaire de Neuropathologie, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. .,TRIGGERSEP, F-CRIN Network, Toulouse, France.
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199
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Wohleb ES, Franklin T, Iwata M, Duman RS. Integrating neuroimmune systems in the neurobiology of depression. Nat Rev Neurosci 2016; 17:497-511. [PMID: 27277867 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that immune dysregulation, specifically of inflammatory processes, is associated with symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). In particular, increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and concomitant activation of brain-resident microglia can lead to depressive behavioural symptoms. Repeated exposure to psychological stress has a profound impact on peripheral immune responses and perturbs the function of brain microglia, which may contribute to neurobiological changes underlying MDD. Here, we review these findings and discuss ongoing studies examining neuroimmune mechanisms that influence neuronal activity as well as synaptic plasticity. Interventions targeting immune-related cellular and molecular pathways may benefit subsets of MDD patients with immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Wohleb
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Tina Franklin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Masaaki Iwata
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
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200
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Fernandez KC, Jazaieri H, Gross JJ. Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Perspective on a New RDoC Domain. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016; 40:426-440. [PMID: 27524846 PMCID: PMC4979607 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is widely agreed that emotion regulation plays an important role in many psychological disorders. We make the case that emotion regulation is in fact a key transdiagnostic factor, using the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) as an organizing framework. In particular, we first consider how transdiagnostic and RDoC approaches have extended categorical views. Next, we examine links among emotion generation, emotion regulation, and psychopathology, with particular attention to key emotion regulation stages including identification, strategy selection, implementation, and monitoring. We then propose that emotion regulation be viewed as a sixth domain in the RDoC matrix, and provide a brief overview of how the literature has used the RDoC units of analyses to study emotion regulation. Finally, we highlight opportunities for future research and make recommendations for assessing and treating psychopathology.
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