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Abstract
Parental stress is a universal experience for parents who have children diagnosed with CHD and has been studied within the context of the child's illness, but not through a broader health disparity lens. This paper provides a thorough synthesis of the current literature on parental stress addressing disparities in parents of children with CHD. Several theories and models from within this literature are described and a new comprehensive framework, the Parental Stress and Resilience in CHD Model, is presented. Future research and clinical implications are discussed.
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152
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Perceived Walkability, Social Capital, and Self-Reported Physical Activity in Las Vegas College Students. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10093023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
College students are an understudied, vulnerable population, whose inactivity rates exceed those reported by U.S. adults. Walkability in sprawling cities, such as Las Vegas, is challenged due to automobile-oriented development. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between perceived neighborhood walkability, social capital, and meeting physical activity recommendations among University of Nevada-Las Vegas college students. Of the 410 participants, 42.2% met physical activity recommendations, 77.1% were female, 37.3% were white, and 79.5% owned a vehicle. Logistic regression showed that social capital (odds ratio (OR) = 1.25, p = 0.04) and gender (OR = 0.49, p <0.01) were the only positive indicators of physical activity; no perceived walkability subscales were significant. Findings confirm that social factors remain an important health determinant and that females continue to be less active than males. The authors speculate that sprawl characteristics may impact perceived walkability and act as a deterrent, or that it is the social norm to commute and complete errands by vehicle. It may also be that the survey tool used was unable to account for confounding variables associated with sprawl. Supporting social capital may be one approach to increase physical activity. Fostering walkability makes urban environments more livable, sustainable, healthy, and equitable; thus, further research into the relationship between walkability and physical activity in college students is needed.
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153
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Middleton N, Andreou P, Karanikola M, Kouta C, Kolokotroni O, Papastavrou E. Investigation into the metric properties of the workplace social capital questionnaire and its association with self-rated health and psychological distress amongst Greek-Cypriot registered nurses: cross-sectional descriptive study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1061. [PMID: 30139337 PMCID: PMC6108116 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social capital can been described as an individual or a collective attribute, with structural and cognitive components, and a bonding, bridging and linking typology. While extensively studied in the community, studies in occupational settings are sparse by comparison. Furthermore, there is no uniformity in its measurement. This study investigated the construct validity of a Workplace Social Capital questionnaire (WSC), originally developed in the Finnish Public Sector occupational cohort, in a different socio-cultural setting (Cyprus), language (Greek) and occupational group (Registered Nurses). It also explored its criterion concurrent validity according to observed association with self-rated health and psychological distress. Methods Participants were 10% of all registered nurses (N = 362) who responded to the 8-item WSC scale during a nationwide educational programme. A unidimensional model was compared with the postulated two-factor (structural vs cognitive) and three-factor model (bonding, bridging, linking) in Confirmatory Factor Analyses. The association with self-rated health (0–100 Visual Analogue Scale) and mental distress (GHQ-12 ≥ 4) was assessed in linear and logistic regression models. Results A bonding (Cronbach’s a = 0.76), bridging (a = 0.78) and linking (a = 0.89) structure explained 77.6% of the variance and was a better fit as indicated by goodness of fit indices. Elevated odds of mental distress and poorer self-rated health were observed among participants with the lowest levels of perceived workplace social capital. In adjusted models, associations appeared stronger with bonding social capital (adjOR of mental distress = 2.71 95% CI = 1.08, 6.79) while those with the highest scores rated their health higher by 8.0 points on average (95% CI = 2.1, 13.8). Low linking social capital was also associated with poorer health but no consistent associations were observed with bridging. Conclusion While associations appeared stronger with bonding and linking, this may reflect a weakness of the measure to fully capture bridging social capital. Even though, this aspect might need strengthening, the WSC showed good metric properties in a different setting, language and occupational group. Cross-national and cognitive validation studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Panayiota Andreou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Maria Karanikola
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christiana Kouta
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Ourania Kolokotroni
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus.,St George University of London Medical School at the University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evridiki Papastavrou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, 15 Vragadinou Str, 3041, Limassol, Cyprus
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154
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Gao J, Wang J, Yu D, Dai J, Zhu Y, Fu H. Associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital: a multilevel analysis study in a Chinese context. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:976. [PMID: 30081887 PMCID: PMC6090743 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the determinants of social capital is the prerequisite to building social capital. However there was few studies to explore factors related to workplace social capital. We aim to examine associations between psychosocial work environments and social capital in a Chinese context through a cross-sectional study. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai, China from December 2016 through March 2017. In total, 2380 workers from 32 workplaces were randomly sampled by a two-stage sampling procedure. Workplace social capital (WSC), psychosocial work environments (PWEs), and workplace Chinese Confucian values (CCVs), were assessed using validated and psychometrically tested measures. Multilevel ordinal regression models were used to examine the associations of WSC with individual- and workplace-level PWEs and workplace CCVs after controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS After controlling for individual socioeconomic characteristics, all individual-level PWEs (unstandardized coefficients [B] ranging from 0.280 to 2.467) were positively associated with WSC. Individual-level workplace CCVs had mixed associations with WSC-high individual levels of respect for authorities (B: 0.325; 95%CI: 0.134, 0.516) and altruism (B: 0.347; 95%CI: 0.155, 0.539) were associated with high WSC, while high individual levels of acceptance of authorities (B: - 0.214; 95%CI: - 0.381, - 0.046) and the mianzi rule (B: - 0.258; 95%CI: - 0.435, - 0.080) were associatecd with low WSC. No workplace-level variable was associated with WSC. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that workplace social capital associates with multiple factors. Psychosocial work environments and cultural context are important in understanding variations in workplace social capital between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Denglai Yu
- Pudong Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200136, China
| | - Junming Dai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongkai Zhu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University; Fudan Health Communication Institute, PO Box 248, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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155
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Oh S, Salas-Wright CP, Vaughn MG. Trends in depression among low-income mothers in the United States, 2005-2015. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:72-75. [PMID: 29655077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has examined the association between low-income status and maternal depression; however, important questions remain in terms of trends in the prevalence of major depressive episodes (MDE) and treatment seeking among mothers in the United States. The objective of the present study is to examine trends in MDE among low-income mothers and explore perceived barriers to mental health treatment seeking. METHODS Using data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH; 2005-2015), we examined the prevalence of past-year MDE among mothers living in poverty (0-99% federal poverty line [FPL]; n = 23,264) and near-poverty (100-200% FPL; n = 21,655). Consistent with the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, we conducted survey-adjusted logistic regression analyses to examine the significance of survey year in relation to MDE while controlling for key social demographic correlates. RESULTS The overall decreasing MDE trend was found only among mothers in near-poverty, not mothers in poverty. Only for mothers in poverty, financial (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52-0.95) and information barriers (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.39-0.73) were associated with mental health service use. LIMITATIONS Self-reports of depressive symptoms and service receipt may have led to over or underreporting due to recall or social desirability bias. Additionally, NSDUH data are cross-sectional and thereby limit our ability to make causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS Greater attention should be paid to the prevention/treatment of depression among mothers in poverty. Efforts may include expanding financial assistance for mental health service use and educational campaigns to increase awareness of services available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Oh
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.
| | | | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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156
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Török E, Clark AJ, Jensen JH, Lange T, Bonde JP, Bjorner JB, Rugulies R, Hvidtfeldt UA, Hansen ÅM, Ersbøll AK, Rod NH. Work-unit social capital and long-term sickness absence: a prospective cohort study of 32 053 hospital employees. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:623-629. [PMID: 29875292 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a lack of studies investigating social capital at the workplace level in small and relatively homogeneous work-units. The aim of the study was to investigate whether work-unit social capital predicts a lower risk of individual long-term sickness absence among Danish hospital employees followed prospectively for 1 year. METHODS This study is based on the Well-being in HospitAL Employees cohort. The study sample consisted of 32 053 individuals nested within 2182 work-units in the Capital Region of Denmark. Work-unit social capital was measured with an eight-item scale covering elements of trust, justice and collaboration between employees and leaders. Social capital at the work-unit level was computed as the aggregated mean of individual-level social capital within each work-unit. Data on long-term sickness absence were retrieved from the employers' payroll system and were operationalised as ≥29 consecutive days of sickness absence. We used a 12-point difference in social capital as the metric in our analyses and conducted two-level hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Adjustments were made for sex, age, seniority, occupational group and part-time work at the individual level, and work-unit size, the proportion of female employees and the proportion of part-time work at the work-unit level. RESULTS The OR for long-term sickness absence associated with a 12-point higher work-unit social capital was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.78). Further, we found an association between higher work-unit social capital and lower long-term sickness absence across quartiles of social capital: compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for long-term sickness absence in the highest quartile was 0.51 (95% CI 0.44 to 0.60). CONCLUSION Our study provides support for work-unit social capital being a protective factor for individual long-term sickness absence among hospital employees in the Capital Region of Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Török
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Jessie Clark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Høy Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theis Lange
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reiner Rugulies
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Åse Marie Hansen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Kjær Ersbøll
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naja Hulvej Rod
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Stress Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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157
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Hansen ASK, Madsen IEH, Thorsen SV, Melkevik O, Bjørner JB, Andersen I, Rugulies R. Does workplace social capital protect against long-term sickness absence? Linking workplace aggregated social capital to sickness absence registry data. Scand J Public Health 2018; 46:290-296. [PMID: 28784025 PMCID: PMC5946659 DOI: 10.1177/1403494817721672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Most previous prospective studies have examined workplace social capital as a resource of the individual. However, literature suggests that social capital is a collective good. In the present study we examined whether a high level of workplace aggregated social capital (WASC) predicts a decreased risk of individual-level long-term sickness absence (LTSA) in Danish private sector employees. METHODS A sample of 2043 employees (aged 18-64 years, 38.5% women) from 260 Danish private-sector companies filled in a questionnaire on workplace social capital and covariates. WASC was calculated by assigning the company-averaged social capital score to all employees of each company. We derived LTSA, defined as sickness absence of more than three weeks, from a national register. We examined if WASC predicted employee LTSA using multilevel survival analyses, while excluding participants with LTSA in the three months preceding baseline. RESULTS We found no statistically significant association in any of the analyses. The hazard ratio for LTSA in the fully adjusted model was 0.93 (95% CI 0.77-1.13) per one standard deviation increase in WASC. When using WASC as a categorical exposure we found a statistically non-significant tendency towards a decreased risk of LTSA in employees with medium WASC (fully adjusted model: HR 0.78 (95% CI 0.48-1.27)). Post hoc analyses with workplace social capital as a resource of the individual showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS WASC did not predict LTSA in this sample of Danish private-sector employees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida E. H. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Melkevik
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjørner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Optum, Lincoln, RI, USA
| | | | - Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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158
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Calderón-Larrañaga A, Santoni G, Wang HX, Welmer AK, Rizzuto D, Vetrano DL, Marengoni A, Fratiglioni L. Rapidly developing multimorbidity and disability in older adults: does social background matter? J Intern Med 2018; 283:489-499. [PMID: 29415323 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity is among the most disabling geriatric conditions. In this study, we explored whether a rapid development of multimorbidity potentiates its impact on the functional independence of older adults, and whether different sociodemographic factors play a role beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation. METHODS A random sample of persons aged ≥60 years (n = 2387) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) was followed over 6 years. The speed of multimorbidity development was estimated as the rate of chronic disease accumulation (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper versus the three lower rate quartiles. Binomial negative mixed models were used to analyse the association between speed of multimorbidity development and disability (impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living), expressed as the incidence rate ratio (IRR). The effect of sociodemographic factors, including sex, education, occupation and social network, was investigated. RESULTS The risk of new activity impairment was higher among participants who developed multimorbidity faster (IRR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-3.1) compared with those who accumulated diseases more slowly overtime, even after considering the baseline number of chronic conditions. Only female sex (IRR for women vs. men 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0) and social network (IRR for poor vs. rich social network 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) showed an effect on disability beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Rapidly developing multimorbidity is a negative prognostic factor for disability. However, sociodemographic factors such as sex and social network may determine older adults' reserves of functional ability, helping them to live independently despite the rapid accumulation of chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Santoni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H X Wang
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A K Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Rizzuto
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Geriatrics, Catholic University of Rome, Italy
| | - A Marengoni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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159
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace bullying is a serious stressor with devastating short- and long-term consequences. The concept of organizational social capital may provide insights into the interactional and communicative dynamics of the bullying process and opportunities for prevention. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the association between organizational social capital and being a target or observer of workplace bullying. METHODS Based on self-reported cross-sectional data from a large representative sample of the Danish working population (n = 10.037), logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore at the individual level the associations between vertical and horizontal organizational social capital with being a target or observer of workplace bullying. RESULTS In the fully adjusted models, low organizational social capital (vertical and horizontal) was associated with significantly increased odds ratios of both self-labelled (vertical: OR = 3.25; CI = 2.34-4.51; horizontal: OR = 3.17; CI = 2.41-4.18) and observed workplace bullying (vertical: OR = 2.09; CI = 1.70-2.56; horizontal: OR = 1.60; CI = 1.35-1.89), when compared with high organizational social capital. CONCLUSIONS This study supports that characteristics of the psychosocial work environment are of importance in the development of workplace bullying, and provides focus on the importance of self-reported organizational social capital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pihl
- Danish Ramazzini Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Herning, Denmark
| | | | - Annie Hogh
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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160
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More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:146-169. [PMID: 29551356 PMCID: PMC6345505 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what types and aspects of stress matter most for human health and disease. This is in part because "stress" is not a monolithic concept but rather, an emergent process that involves interactions between individual and environmental factors, historical and current events, allostatic states, and psychological and physiological reactivity. Many of these processes alone have been labeled as "stress." Stress science would be further advanced if researchers adopted a common conceptual model that incorporates epidemiological, affective, and psychophysiological perspectives, with more precise language for describing stress measures. We articulate an integrative working model, highlighting how stressor exposures across the life course influence habitual responding and stress reactivity, and how health behaviors interact with stress. We offer a Stress Typology articulating timescales for stress measurement - acute, event-based, daily, and chronic - and more precise language for dimensions of stress measurement.
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161
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Cohen-Cline H, Beresford SA, Barrington W, Matsueda R, Wakefield J, Duncan GE. Associations between social capital and depression: A study of adult twins. Health Place 2018; 50:162-167. [PMID: 29459249 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Social capital is associated with depression independently of individual-level risk factors. We used a sample of 1586 same-sex twin pairs to test the association between seven measures of social capital and two related measures of neighborhood characteristics with depressive symptoms accounting for uncontrolled selection factors (i.e., genetics and shared environment). All measures of cognitive social capital and neighborhood characteristics were associated with less depressive symptoms in between-twin analysis. However, only measures of cognitive social capital were significantly associated with less depressive symptoms within-pairs. These results demonstrate that cognitive social capital is associated with depressive symptoms free of confounding from genetic and environmental factors shared within twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cohen-Cline
- Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Providence Health and Services, United States
| | | | - Wendy Barrington
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, University of Washington, United States
| | - Ross Matsueda
- Department of Sociology, University of Washington, United States
| | - Jon Wakefield
- Departments of Biostatistics and Statistics, University of Washington, United States
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Box 1495, Spokane, WA 99210-1495, United States.
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162
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Inoue Y, Takahashi D, Kondo N, Yoshii A, Sekihara M, Hombhanje FW, Tsukahara T. Village health volunteers’ individual social capital and caretakers’ health service utilization for febrile children in Malaria-endemic villages in Papua New Guinea. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2018; 111:490-496. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/try003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Inoue
- Carolina Population Center, 123 West Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Daichi Takahashi
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Health Education and Health Sociology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshii
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makoto Sekihara
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Francis W Hombhanje
- Divine Word University, Rabaul Campus, East New Britain 613, Kokopo, Papua New Guinea
| | - Takahiro Tsukahara
- Department of International Affairs and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- School of Economics, Hosei University Graduate School, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0843, Japan
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163
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Zhou C, Zheng W, Yuan Q, Zhang B, Chen H, Wang W, Huang L, Xu L, Yang L. Associations between social capital and maternal depression: results from a follow-up study in China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:45. [PMID: 29394914 PMCID: PMC5797398 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the association between social capital (SC) and depressive symptoms among Chinese primiparas at different time-points from their late pregnancy to postpartum. Methods A total of 450 primiparas were recruited for the current study. The assessments were conducted at three different time-points: T1 – while the participants were recruited at their 30–36 weeks of pregnancy in the antenatal clinic in the maternity hospital in Zhejiang, China; T2 – at their 2nd or 3rd days in the wards after delivery; T3 – at week 6 to 8 after the delivery in the postpartum examination clinic. SC was measured by the 29-item SC scale; while depressive symptoms were measured by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The relationships between SC and depressive symptoms were explored separately at each of the three time-points. Results The prevalence of depression among the primiparas was 25% at T1, 13.5% at T2 and 20.8% at T3, respectively. However, the score of SC and its components at three time-points followed an opposite ‘V’ direction, with the highest score at T2, following by T3 and T1. At T1, the analysis suggested that depressive symptoms among the primiparas were negatively correlated with their social trust and social network levels. At T2, only social trust was negatively associated with depression. While at T3, it is social trust and social participations that were significantly negatively associated with depression. Conclusions SC was associated with depression at all three time-points during and after pregnancy. More attention should be given to SC in the maternal health promotion programs of community pregnancy health care management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1673-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Baodan Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Weijue Wang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xuelin Rd., Xiasha District, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
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Cain CL, Wallace SP, Ponce NA. Helpfulness, Trust, and Safety of Neighborhoods: Social Capital, Household Income, and Self-Reported Health of Older Adults. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2018; 58:4-14. [PMID: 29029195 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Growing literature documents that where you live has an impact on your health, due in part to social capital. Building on social capital literature, we assess how subjective appraisals of neighborhood quality are associated with self-reported health (SRH) for older adults. Research Design and Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 California Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of diverse, noninstitutionalized California residents. We use three measures of neighborhood quality: trustworthy neighbors, helpful neighbors, and feeling safe. Using weighted ordinary least squares regression, we assess the associations of trust, helpfulness, and safety to SRH, controlling for neighborhood, demographic, and health care variables. We then examine how these associations vary by household income. Results We find that characterizing neighbors as helpful and feeling safe are associated with better SRH, even controlling for community, demographic, and health care variables. However, the importance of these dimensions varies across household income: helpfulness is positively associated, whereas trust is negatively associated with SRH for lower income residents; safety is positively associated with SRH in all but the lowest income residents. These findings show that social capital dimensions work differently from one another, and differentially affect the health of older adults. Discussion and Implications Scholarly analyses of neighborhood effects should include a range of social capital measures and stratify by household income. Our findings may also inform priority setting for social capital programs, especially for older adults with limited economic resources. Policies and programs should consider actions that raise perceptions of helpfulness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Cain
- Department of Health Policy and Management at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Steven P Wallace
- Department of Community Health Sciences at University of California, Los Angeles.,University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
| | - Ninez A Ponce
- Department of Health Policy and Management at University of California, Los Angeles.,University of California, Los Angeles Center for Health Policy Research
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165
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Investigating the Associations between Ethnic Networks, Community Social Capital, and Physical Health among Marriage Migrants in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010147. [PMID: 29342115 PMCID: PMC5800246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examines factors associated with the physical health of Korea's growing immigrant population. Specifically, it focuses on the associations between ethnic networks, community social capital, and self-rated health (SRH) among female marriage migrants. For empirical testing, secondary analysis of a large nationally representative sample (NSMF 2009) is conducted. Given the clustered data structure (individuals nested in communities), a series of two-level random intercepts and slopes models are fitted to probe the relationships between SRH and interpersonal (bonding and bridging) networks among foreign-born wives in Korea. In addition to direct effects, cross-level interaction effects are investigated using hierarchical linear modeling. While adjusting for confounders, bridging (inter-ethnic) networks are significantly linked with better health. Bonding (co-ethnic) networks, to the contrary, are negatively associated with immigrant health. Net of individual-level covariates, living in a commuijnity with more aggregate bridging social capital is positively linked with health. Community-level bonding social capital, however, is not a significant predictor. Lastly, two cross-level interaction terms are found. First, the positive relationship between bridging network and health is stronger in residential contexts with more aggregate bridging social capital. Second, it is weaker in communities with more aggregate bonding social capital.
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166
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Luo H, Menec V. Social Capital and Health Among Older Chinese Immigrants: a Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Sample in a Canadian Prairie City. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2018; 33:65-81. [PMID: 29305824 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-017-9342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between social capital and health among Chinese immigrants. The sample included 101 older Chinese immigrants aged 60 to 96 who were recruited in 2013 in a city on the Canadian prairies. Participant completed a questionnaire assessing their structural and cognitive social capital (views on community, trust and reciprocity, civic participation, social networks and support, and social participation), physical and mental health status (SF-36), and sociodemographic characteristics. Findings indicate that Chinese seniors overall obtained low levels of social capital on all social capital dimensions. Social networks and support (a structural social capital indicator) was significantly positively associated with mental health (β = .31, p < .01), particularly among older Chinese immigrants and among Chinese women (both β = .51, p < .01). Civic participation was also associated with mental health, albeit negatively, among female participants (β = .35, p < .05). These findings suggest that ensuring structural social capital is potentially more promising than ensuring cognitive social capital in terms of providing physical and mental health benefits to older adults from Chinese background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Luo
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Verena Menec
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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167
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Saito Y, Oguma Y, Tajima T, Kato R, Kibayashi Y, Miyachi M, Takebayashi T. Association of high individual-level of social capital with increased physical activity among community-dwelling elderly men and women: a cross-sectional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.7600/jspfsm.67.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Saito
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | - Yuko Oguma
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | | | - Riri Kato
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
| | - Yayoi Kibayashi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Keio University
- Institute of Physical Education, Keio University
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, NIBIOHN
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University
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168
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Machisa MT, Christofides N, Jewkes R. Social support factors associated with psychological resilience among women survivors of intimate partner violence in Gauteng, South Africa. Glob Health Action 2018; 11:1491114. [PMID: 30270774 PMCID: PMC6179050 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2018.1491114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) increase their risk for mental ill health. However, some women exposed to IPV and adversity are psychologically resilient and function well despite these exposures. OBJECTIVES We conducted a study to investigate the factors that are associated with psychological resilience among abused women, using data collected in a household survey conducted in Gauteng province of South Africa. METHODS Data is from a cross-sectional study. A multi-stage random sampling approach was used to select a sample of 501 women. The World Health Organization (WHO) Multi-Country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Questionnaire was used to measure lifetime experience of physical and sexual IPV. Only 189 women who had experienced lifetime IPV were included in this secondary analysis. Resilience was measured as scoring below the threshold for the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Other explanatory factors measured included child sexual abuse, non-partner rape, other traumatic life events, social support indicators, binge drinking and socio-demographic variables. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test factors associated with resilience. RESULTS Forty two percent of women scored below the threshold for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depressive symptoms at the time of the survey and so were categorized as resilient. Social support indicators were associated with increased resilience. Women who perceived that their communities were supportive and they would easily find money in an emergency were more likely to be resilient. Women who binge drank, experienced severe IPV in the past 12 months, received negative reactions to disclosure and utilized medical or psychosocial services were less likely to be resilient. CONCLUSION Social support indicators including social connectedness, stronger network ties and perceived supportive communities are key factors in fostering resilience among abused women. Interventions should aim to promote stronger and supportive social networks and increase women's utilization of formal support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercilene T Machisa
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicola Christofides
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rachel Jewkes
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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169
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Gao B, Yang S, Liu X, Ren X, Liu D, Li N. Association between social capital and quality of life among urban residents in less developed cities of western China: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9656. [PMID: 29369182 PMCID: PMC5794366 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
China has experienced rapid urbanization over the past several decades. Social capital is considered a vital human resource, and quality of life (QoL) is an important measure of human health embedded in a physical, mental, and social context. No studies have reported on the association between social capital and QoL in Chinese urban residents. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate social capital in urban community residents of West China, and its relationship with QoL.Our study was carried out between June and July of 2015. A total of 1136 households were surveyed. The Chinese-translated version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and social capital questionnaire were used to evaluate people's QoL and social capital. Associations between QoL and social capital were evaluated by 3 logistic regression analyses.A total of 1136 adult participants aged 18 years and older completed the questionnaire. Young residents were more likely to have lower second (SC2), third (SC3), and fourth (SC4) dimensions of social capital. Migrants and residents with higher education levels and high incomes showed lower SC1 and SC2 relative to other participants, and employed residents had relatively low SC1. Unmarried residents had lower SC2 and SC3. Without adjustment for potential confounding factors, participants with higher SC2 had higher average scores for mental components (MCS) of QoL [odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09-2.02], and the same was seen for SC3 (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24-2.34). After adjusting for socioeconomic status (SES) and risk factors, SC2 and SC3 were still significantly associated with MCS. Social capital was not significantly associated with physical components of QoL in any of the 3 logistic regression models.In conclusion, social capital is related to MCS of QoL, and increasing it may be an effective way to promote health.
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170
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Class and Health Inequality in Later Life: Patterns, Mechanisms and Implications for Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14121533. [PMID: 29292775 PMCID: PMC5750951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the post-retirement population, which has occurred as a result of rapid growth in life expectancy coupled with the ageing of the baby boomer cohort, has led to significant concern. This concern, however, typically neglects the heterogeneity of later life experiences and how these are patterned by inequalities that reflect how process of social stratification continue to operate into later life. This paper draws on a programme of work, based on analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, to empirically examine questions of inequality in later life. It begins by illustrating the patterning of health inequality. It then investigates the importance of later life contexts and events in shaping inequality through and after the retirement process. In doing so it examines the extent to which later life continues to reflect stable social structures that shape inequalities and, consequently, health and wellbeing in later life. The paper then illustrates how the effects of socioeconomic position on health in later life can be theorised as a product of class processes, borrowing in part from Bourdieu. Other dimensions of inequality, such as gender, ethnicity, area and sexuality, are not discussed here. The paper concludes with a discussion of the need for a close focus on inequalities in later life in research, policy and practice.
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171
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Adjaye-Gbewonyo K, Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Avendano M. High social trust associated with increased depressive symptoms in a longitudinal South African sample. Soc Sci Med 2017; 197:127-135. [PMID: 29232620 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have documented a protective association between social trust and mental and physical health, but gaps in knowledge remain. Debates regarding the contextual versus individual nature of social trust are ongoing; research from low- and middle-income countries is lacking, and study designs have been limited for causal inference. To address these gaps, we examined the association between social trust and depressive symptoms using three waves of the National Income Dynamics Study, a longitudinal South African survey. We used individual fixed-effects models to assess the association between changes in scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Short Form (CES-D-10) and in individual-level and district-level personalized and generalized trust among 15,670 individuals completing at least two waves of the NIDS adult questionnaire. High individual-level generalized trust was unexpectedly associated with increased depressive symptoms scores while district generalized trust did not show an association. We also found a cross-level interaction between individual and district-level personalized trust. High individual trust was associated with increased depressive symptoms scores when district trust was low; however, as district-level trust increased, higher individual trust was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. Our unexpected results suggest that trust may not always be beneficial for depressive symptoms, but rather, that its effects may depend on context. In the South African setting where social trust is low, being very likely to trust may be associated with worse depressive symptoms in some circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafui Adjaye-Gbewonyo
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauricio Avendano
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge 7th Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, Strand Campus, Strand, London WC2R2LS, United Kingdom
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172
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Abstract
Purpose
The rail driver workplace is full of challenges for effective health management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how known barriers in rail driving may be overcome by seeking enablers of positive health status and lifestyle.
Design/methodology/approach
Five focus groups were conducted with 29 rail drivers from four rail organisations across three Australian states. Transcribed data were analysed using directed content analysis and thematic coding to develop health enabler themes and categories.
Findings
Formal initiatives to manage health were piecemeal. Efforts to maintain health involved countering deteriorative, and promoting restorative, health factors. Themes systematically illustrated work environmental, adaptational, and autonomous features of health management. Participants expressed many different approaches to enabling positive health status, and how these connected to known barriers.
Research limitations/implications
Discussion of personal health issues within the rail industry is considered a taboo topic by some, therefore participants who took part in this study data may be more representative of health-conscious drivers.
Practical implications
Occupational health in rail can be enabled in multiple ways, including: improving social support, scheduling certainty, and cross-communication around health behaviours; increasing flexibility and environmental support for health behaviours; and directly promoting dietary control and physical activity engagement. Given the diversity and global representativeness of rail systems found within Australia, the findings have international application.
Originality/value
This study uses a strength-focussed approach to highlight multiple leverage points for organisational rail-driver health interventions across three levels of the system, helping improve health intervention efficacy despite the intractable nature of their environments.
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173
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Yuma-Guerrero PJ, Cubbin C, von Sternberg K. Neighborhood Social Cohesion as a Mediator of Neighborhood Conditions on Mothers' Engagement in Physical Activity: Results From the Geographic Research on Wellbeing Study. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2017; 44:845-856. [PMID: 28142286 PMCID: PMC10675998 DOI: 10.1177/1090198116687537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if social cohesion mediates the effects of neighborhood and household-level socioeconomic status (SES), perceptions of neighborhood safety, and access to parks on mothers' engagement in physical activity (PA). METHOD Secondary analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data from The Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study. GROW includes survey data from a diverse sample of 2,750 California mothers. Structural equation modeling was used to test a conceptual multilevel mediation model, proposing social cohesion as a mediator of known predictors of PA. RESULTS Social cohesion fully mediated the pathway from perceived neighborhood safety to mothers' PA. Social cohesion also mediated the significant relationship between neighborhood SES and PA; however, this mediation finding was not practically significant when considered in the context of the full model. Household SES was significantly positively related to both social cohesion and PA. Park access contributed significantly to social cohesion but not directly to PA Social cohesion did not significantly mediate relationships between park access or household SES and PA. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for public health interventions to improve engagement in PA among individuals and neighborhoods with lower levels of socioeconomic resources. Interventions that create social cohesion within neighborhoods may have positive effects on mothers' PA, particularly in neighborhoods perceived as unsafe.
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174
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Odimegwu C, De Wet N, Somefun OD. Perceptions of social capital and sexual behaviour among youth in South Africa. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 29:205-217. [PMID: 29092668 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1388246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With about one quarter of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occuring in young people, there is an on-going debate regarding the role of social capital on youth sexual behaviour. Some studies have suggested that high levels of family and community social capital may act as protective factors that lessen the likelihood of negative consequences; while others have concluded that social capital may be a risk factor for risky sexual behaviour among youth. Using data from the Third National Communications Survey (2012) conducted in South Africa, we examined the relationship between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour measured by age at first sex and condom use among 3 399 males and females (aged between 16 and 24 years). We assessed community perceptions of social capital with questions that measured trust, social participation, and support. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict the risk for early sexual debut. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of condom use. There was no association between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour. This work reveals that youth sexual behaviour in South Africa may be influenced by socio-economic characteristics, especially at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Odimegwu
- a Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Nicole De Wet
- a Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun
- a Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Public Health and Social Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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175
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Zhou C, Ogihara A, Chen H, Wang W, Huang L, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xu L, Yang L. Social capital and antenatal depression among Chinese primiparas: A cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:533-539. [PMID: 28865282 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between social capital and antenatal depression among Chinese primiparas. A cross-sectional design was used and a questionnaire survey was conducted with 1471 participants using the intercept method at the provincial hospital in Zhejiang in 2016. Antenatal depression was evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and social capital was assessed by the Chinese version of Social Capital Assessment Questionnaire (C-SCAQ). The prevalence of antenatal depression was assessed among Chinese primiparas in their third trimesters. The antenatal depression prevalence among sub-groups with lower social trust (ST), social reciprocity (SR), social network (SN), and social participation (SP) were significantly higher than those among higher score sub-groups. In the fully adjusted model, primiparas' antenatal depression was significantly associated with ST, SR, SN, and SP. Compared to the structural social capital, the cognitive social capital was a more crucial dimension to the prevalence of antenatal depression. For future community pregnancy health care management programs in China, it might be beneficial to add more social capital related intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Atsushi Ogihara
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 3591192, Japan
| | - Hao Chen
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Weijue Wang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Baodan Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Medical School, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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176
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Li C, Jiang S, Fang X. Effects of multi-dimensional social capital on mental health of children in poverty: An empirical study in Mainland China. J Health Psychol 2017; 25:853-867. [PMID: 29069940 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317737608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the data of 1314 underprivileged children in Xiushui, China, this study adopted an ecological framework to explore how social capital embedded in family, peer, school, and community interplay and affect the mental health of poor children. Structural equation modeling was employed to verify the hypothesized model. The results demonstrated that higher levels of family, peer, and school social capital were all associated with better mental health outcomes of children in poverty. Moreover, family, peer, and school social capital fully mediated the effect of community social capital on children's mental health. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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177
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Villalonga-Olives E, Kawachi I. The dark side of social capital: A systematic review of the negative health effects of social capital. Soc Sci Med 2017; 194:105-127. [PMID: 29100136 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing literature demonstrating the health benefits of social capital (defined as the resources accessed through social connections). However, social capital is also acknowledged to be a "double-edged" phenomenon, whose effects on health are not always positive. We sought to systematically review studies that have found a negative (i.e. harmful) association between social capital and health outcomes. Our objective was to classify the different types of negative effects, following a framework originally proposed by Portes (1998). We conducted a literature search in Pubmed, Embase and PsychInfo. We identified 3530 manuscripts. After detailed review, we included 44 articles in our systematic review. There are at least two negative consequences of social capital besides the classification proposed by Portes: behavioral contagion and cross-level interactions between social cohesion and individual characteristics. When leveraging the concept of social capital for health promotion interventions, researchers need to take account of these potential "downsides" for health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Villalonga-Olives
- Pharmaceutical Health Services Research Department, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - I Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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178
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Sakamoto A, Ukawa S, Okada E, Sasaki S, Zhao W, Kishi T, Kondo K, Tamakoshi A. The association between social participation and cognitive function in community-dwelling older populations: Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study at Taisetsu community Hokkaido. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:1131-1140. [PMID: 27610611 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between the number of area-level and individual-level social participation items and cognitive function in the community-dwelling older populations of three towns in Hokkaido, Japan. METHODS A survey on the frequency of social participation was mailed to those in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study 2013 who were aged ≥65 years, were not certified as needing long-term care, and lived in Higashikawa, Higashikagura, or Biei. A subset of participants aged 70-74 years completed the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in a home visit survey. Both the area-level and individual-level social participation and demographic information were obtained on the self-administered questionnaire. A multilevel analysis using a generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the association between variables in the area-level and individual-level social participation items and cognitive function. RESULTS Out of 4042 respondents, data from 2576 were used in the area-level analysis. Of those, 180 were aged 70-74 years and completed the home visit survey for the individual-level analysis. A greater number of higher social participation items at the individual level was associated with higher cognitive function scores after adjusting for area-level social participation variables and confounders (regression coefficient: 0.19; 95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.35). There were no significant associations between area-level social participation item averages and individual-level cognitive function scores. CONCLUSIONS Older populations participating in many kinds of social activities exhibited preserved cognitive function even after adjusting for area-level social participation variables. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sakamoto
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ukawa
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sasaki
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kishi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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179
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Mewes J, Giordano GN. Self-rated health, generalized trust, and the Affordable Care Act: A US panel study, 2006-2014. Soc Sci Med 2017; 190:48-56. [PMID: 28843129 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous research shows that generalized trust, the belief that most people can be trusted, is conducive to people's health. However, only recently have longitudinal studies suggested an additional reciprocal pathway from health back to trust. Drawing on a diverse body of literature that shows how egalitarian social policy contributes to the promotion of generalized trust, we hypothesize that this other 'reverse' pathway could be sensitive to health insurance context. Drawing on nationally representative US panel data from the General Social Survey, we examine whether the Affordable Care Act of 2010 could have had influence on the deteriorating impact of worsening self-rated health (SRH) on generalized trust. Firstly, using two-wave panel data (2008-2010, N = 1403) and employing random effects regression models, we show that a lack of health insurance coverage negatively determines generalized trust in the United States. However, this association is attenuated when additionally controlling for (perceived) income inequality. Secondly, utilizing data from two separate three-wave panel studies from the US General Social Survey (2006-10; N = 1652; 2010-2014; N = 1187), we employ fixed-effects linear regression analyses to control for unobserved heterogeneity from time-invariant factors. We demonstrate that worsening SRH was a stronger predictor for a decrease in generalized trust prior (2006-2010) to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Further, the negative effect of fair/poor SRH seen in the 2006-2010 data becomes attenuated in the 2010-2014 panel data. We thus find evidence for a substantial weakening of the previously established negative impact of decreasing SRH on generalized trust, coinciding with the most significant US healthcare reforms in decades. Social policy and healthcare policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Mewes
- Department of Sociology, Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Giuseppe Nicola Giordano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit (GAME), Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
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180
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Hou Z, Lin S, Zhang D. Social capital, neighbourhood characteristics and utilisation of local public health services among domestic migrants in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014224. [PMID: 28821507 PMCID: PMC5724155 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association between structural social capital and public health services use, and explored the modifiable effect of neighbourhood factors on this association among domestic migrants in China. METHODS Data were from a 2014 nationally representative cross-sectional sample of domestic migrants aged 15-59 years in China. Survey-weighted logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between structural social capital, measured by participation in social organisations and social activities, and use of public health services. Interaction terms between neighbourhood urban status, neighbourhood composition and social capital were further assessed in the models. RESULTS Migrants who participated in social organisations were more likely to establish health records (OR 1.467, 95% CI 1.201 to 1.793) and receive health education information (OR 1.729, 95% CI 1.484 to 2.016) than those who did not. Participation in social activities was positively associated with establishing health records only in urban communities (OR 1.853, 95% CI 1.060 to 3.239), and it was positively linked to receiving health education information among those living with a higher percentage of local neighbours (OR 1.451, 95% CI 1.044 to 2.017). CONCLUSIONS Structural social capital was related to an increased utilisation of local public health services among migrants. The findings of this study provided new evidence for the differential influences of social capital by neighbourhood characteristics in China, which suggested the importance to enhance social capital in rural/suburban communities and communities where the majority of the residents were migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, National Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Senlin Lin
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, National Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Ministry of Health), Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Donglan Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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181
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Novak D, Štefan L, Emeljanovas A, Mieziene B, Milanović I, Janić SR, Kawachi I. Factors associated with good self-rated health in European adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional study. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:971-979. [PMID: 28698897 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate self-reported health status and associated factors. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the participants were 6501 adolescents (52% females) aged 14-19 years from three European countries: Croatia, Lithuania and Serbia. Self-rated health was assessed by using one item question: "How would you perceive your health?" The answers were arranged along a 5-point Likert-type scale: (1) very poor, (2) poor, (3) fair, (4) good and (5) excellent. The outcome was binarized as "good" (fair, good and excellent) and "poor" health (very poor and poor). Potential factors associated with self-rated health included demographic (age, gender, socioeconomic status and body-mass index), social (social capital) and lifestyle (physical activity and psychological distress) variables. RESULTS In both univariate and multivariate models, being older, being a boy, having higher level of family, neighbourhood and school social capital, participating in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity more frequently and having low psychological distress were associated with good self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest strong associations between social and lifestyle factors and self-rated health. Other explanatory variables will require future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Štefan
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Arunas Emeljanovas
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Mieziene
- Faculty of Sports Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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182
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Walsh D, McCartney G, Collins C, Taulbut M, Batty GD. History, politics and vulnerability: explaining excess mortality in Scotland and Glasgow. Public Health 2017; 151:1-12. [PMID: 28697372 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High levels of excess mortality (i.e. that not explained by deprivation) have been observed for Scotland compared with England & Wales, and especially for Glasgow in comparison with similar post-industrial cities such as Liverpool and Manchester. Many potential explanations have been suggested. Based on an assessment of these, the aim was to develop an understanding of the most likely underlying causes. Note that this paper distils a larger research report, with the aim of reaching wider audiences beyond Scotland, as the important lessons learnt are relevant to other populations. STUDY DESIGN Review and dialectical synthesis of evidence. METHODS Forty hypotheses were examined, including those identified from a systematic review. The relevance of each was assessed by means of Bradford Hill's criteria for causality alongside-for hypotheses deemed causally linked to mortality-comparisons of exposures between Glasgow and Liverpool/Manchester, and between Scotland and the rest of Great Britain. Where gaps in the evidence base were identified, new research was undertaken. Causal chains of relevant hypotheses were created, each tested in terms of its ability to explain the many different aspects of excess mortality. The models were further tested with key informants from public health and other disciplines. RESULTS In Glasgow's case, the city was made more vulnerable to important socioeconomic (deprivation, deindustrialisation) and political (detrimental economic and social policies) exposures, resulting in worse outcomes. This vulnerability was generated by a series of historical factors, processes and decisions: the lagged effects of historical overcrowding; post-war regional policy including the socially selective relocation of population to outside the city; more detrimental processes of urban change which impacted on living conditions; and differences in local government responses to UK government policy in the 1980s which both impacted in negative terms in Glasgow and also conferred protective effects on comparator cities. Further resulting protective factors were identified (e.g. greater 'social capital' in Liverpool) which placed Glasgow at a further relative disadvantage. Other contributory factors were highlighted, including the inadequate measurement of deprivation. A similar 'explanatory model' resulted for Scotland as a whole. This included: the components of the Glasgow model, given their impact on nationally measured outcomes; inadequate measurement of deprivation; the lagged effects of deprivation (in particular higher levels of overcrowding historically); and additional key vulnerabilities. CONCLUSIONS The work has helped to further understanding of the underlying causes of Glasgow's and Scotland's high levels of excess mortality. The implications for policy include the need to address three issues simultaneously: to protect against key exposures (e.g. poverty) which impact detrimentally across all parts of the UK; to address the existing consequences of Glasgow's and Scotland's vulnerability; and to mitigate against the effects of future vulnerabilities which are likely to emerge from policy responses to contemporary problems which fail sufficiently to consider and to prevent long-term, unintended social consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Walsh
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Olympia Building, 2-16 Orr Street, Bridgeton Cross, Glasgow G40 2QH, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - C Collins
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley Campus, Scotland, UK
| | - M Taulbut
- NHS Health Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - G D Batty
- University College London, London, UK
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183
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Kabayama M, Watanabe C, Ryuno H, Kamide K. Positive and negative associations of individual social capital factors with health among community-dwelling older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017. [PMID: 28643419 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous literature has found positive correlations between social capital and health in older adults, fewer studies have investigated the subdimension's effects of social capital on health. We aimed to determine the individual social capital subfactors in community-dwelling older adults in Japan, and to analyze the associations of these factors with physical and mental health. METHOD We sent a self-administered questionnaire assessing their perception of social group activity as the individual social capital, and mental and physical health (measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) to 4320 randomly selected older people. RESULTS There were 1836 valid responses. We clarified that people who participated in any social activity group were in significantly better physical and mental health compared with the people who did not. By the factor analysis of the perception for the social group activity, we identified three components of the individual social capital aspect that we termed harmonious, hierarchic and diversity. Using multiple linear regression, we found the hierarchic aspect was significantly negatively associated with mental health, whereas the harmonious aspect was significantly positively associated with mental and physical health, and diversity was significantly positively associated with mental health. CONCLUSION As the previous research literature on social capital has mainly emphasized its positive health consequences, the present findings provide a novel demonstration that some aspects of individual social capital can have negative associations with health outcomes in community-dwelling older people. For the practical application of promoting a healthier society, it is important to consider both the positive and negative sides of social capital. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2427-2434.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hirochika Ryuno
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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184
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Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Zadok A. Risk analysis and prediction in welfare institutions using a recommender system. AI & SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00146-017-0735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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185
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Hayat TZ, Brainin E, Neter E. With Some Help From My Network: Supplementing eHealth Literacy With Social Ties. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e98. [PMID: 28360024 PMCID: PMC5391437 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background eHealth literacy is defined as the ability to seek, find, understand, and appraise health information from electronic sources and apply knowledge gained to addressing or solving a health problem. Previous research has shown high reliance on both online and face-to-face interpersonal sources when sharing and receiving health information. Objective In this paper, we examine these interpersonal sources and their interplay with respondents’ eHealth literacy and perceived health outcomes. Specifically, we look at how the relationship between eHealth literacy and health outcomes is moderated by (1) finding help while performing online activities, (2) finding others with similar health concerns online, and (3) the importance of finding others with similar health concerns for people from ethnic minorities, specifically Palestinian citizens of Israel versus Israeli Jews. Methods We used a nationally representative random-digit dial telephone household survey of an Israeli adult population (age ≥21 years, N=819). The collected data were analyzed using two regression models. The first examined how the correlation between eHealth literacy and perceived outcomes was moderated by the availability of help. The second examined how the correlation between eHealth literacy and perceived outcomes was moderated by finding others with similar health concerns and by ethnicity. Results Respondents with low eHealth literacy who were able to recruit help when performing online activities demonstrated higher perceived health outcomes compared to similar respondents who did not find help. Respondents with low eHealth literacy, who were able to find others with similar health concerns (online), demonstrated higher perceived health outcomes when compared to similar respondents who did not find others with similar health concerns. Finally, finding similar others online was more helpful in enhancing health outcomes for ethnic minorities; Palestinian citizens of Israel gained more health benefits by finding similar others compared to Israeli Jews. Conclusions Although the availability of help and the notion of ethnicity have been discussed extensively within the context of social capital and health, our findings offer initial evidence for the relevancy of these concepts when studying individuals’ eHealth literacy. Specifically, our findings enable a better understanding of the role of social ties and ethnicity in moderating the interplay between eHealth literacy and perceived health outcomes. Given the increased importance of eHealth information, our findings enhance understanding of how social ties can potentially compensate for low eHealth literacy.
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186
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Moradi Y, Nasehi M, Asadi-Lari M, Khamseh ME, Baradaran HR. The relationship between social capital components and control of type 2 diabetes: A path analysis model. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:21. [PMID: 29445650 PMCID: PMC5804475 DOI: 10.18869/mjiri.31.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Social capital is an important interpersonal organizational resource that may affect health behaviors and seems to be
an important factor in chronic diseases. Considering the lack of evidence on this topic, in the present study, we aimed at investigating
the association between components of social capital, socioeconomic condition, and controlling Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran.
Methods: This study was conducted on 300 patients with Type 2 diabetes in Tehran, Iran. In this study, simple random sampling
method was used for data collection. Path analysis model was used to examine the potential association between social capital components
and to determine the factors that control Type 2 diabetes.
Results: In the present study, most of the participants were female (70.7%) and married (78.7%). Path coefficients were calculated
by a series of multiple regression analyses based on the conceptual model. The final model had a proper fit with Chi-square = 2.08 (DF
= 1, P = 0.049), GFI = 0.542, AGFI = 0.915, NFI = 0.228, RFI = 0.284, IFI = 0.299, TLI = 0.292, CFI = 0.219, and RMSEA = 0.033.
The Groups and networks (network) (β = 0.051, p = 0.036) and trust and solidarity (β = -0.018, p = 0.028) had a direct positive and
negative effect on HbA1C, respectively. The results also revealed that education levels had a direct positive effect on groups and networks
(network) (β = 0.118, p = 0.036), trust and solidarity (β = 0.082, p = 0.007), information and communication (β = 0.037, p =
0.027), and contribution in team works and public activities (β = 0.064, p = 0.003). In addition, education levels had an indirect positive
effect on HbA1C through their effect on groups and networks (network), trust and solidarity, and information and communication.
Conclusion: Social capital has a significant relationship with diabetes. Although it was not specified clearly which components of
social capital were associated with diabetes, trust and solidarity showed a negative direct effect on HbA1C, respectively. Therefore,
developing and implementing local and collective programs to build trust and increase the standards of social trust in patients with
diabetes can be effective in controlling HbA1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Nasehi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Ebrahim Khamseh
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Baradaran
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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187
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Ralston K, Walsh D, Feng Z, Dibben C, McCartney G, O'Reilly D. Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK? J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:493-498. [PMID: 28270504 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of mortality not explained by differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed for Scotland and its largest city, Glasgow, compared with elsewhere in the UK. Previous cross-sectional research highlighted potentially relevant differences in social capital, including religious social capital (the benefits of social participation in organised religion). The aim of this study was to use longitudinal data to assess whether religious affiliation (as measured in UK censuses) attenuated the high levels of Scottish excess mortality. METHODS The study used the Scottish Longitudinal Study (SLS) and the ONS Longitudinal Study of England and Wales. Risk of all-cause mortality (2001-2010) was compared between residents aged 35 and 74 years of Scotland and England and Wales, and between Glasgow and Liverpool/Manchester, using Poisson regression. Models adjusted for age, gender, SES and religious affiliation. Similar country-based analyses were undertaken for suicide. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gender and SES, all-cause mortality was 9% higher in Scotland than in England and Wales, and 27% higher in Glasgow than in Liverpool or Manchester. Religious affiliation was notably lower across Scotland; but, its inclusion in the models did not attenuate the level of Scottish excess all-cause mortality, and only marginally lowered the differences in risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS Differences in religious affiliation do not explain the higher mortality rates in Scotland compared with the rest of the UK. However, it is possible that other aspects of religion such as religiosity or religious participation which were not assessed here may still be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ralston
- National Centre for Research Methods, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Walsh
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Dermot O'Reilly
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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188
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Brucker DL, Botticello A, O’Neill J, Kutlik A. Variations in social capital among vocational rehabilitation applicants. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra L. Brucker
- Institute on Disability, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Amanda Botticello
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John O’Neill
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ann Kutlik
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
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189
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Saito M, Kondo N, Aida J, Kawachi I, Koyama S, Ojima T, Kondo K. Development of an instrument for community-level health related social capital among Japanese older people: The JAGES Project. J Epidemiol 2017; 27:221-227. [PMID: 28169107 PMCID: PMC5394224 DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed and validated an instrument to measure community-level social capital based on data derived from older community dwellers in Japan. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide survey involving 123,760 functionally independent older people nested within 702 communities (i.e., school districts). We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on survey items to determine the items in a multi-dimensional scale to measure community social capital. Internal consistency was checked with Cronbach's alpha. Convergent construct validity was assessed via correlating the scale with health outcomes. RESULTS From 53 candidate variables, 11 community-level variables were extracted: participation in volunteer groups, sports groups, hobby activities, study or cultural groups, and activities for teaching specific skills; trust, norms of reciprocity, and attachment to one's community; received emotional support; provided emotional support; and received instrumental support. Using factor analysis, these variables were determined to belong to three sub-scales: civic participation (eigenvalue = 3.317, α = 0.797), social cohesion (eigenvalue = 2.633, α = 0.853), and reciprocity (eigenvalue = 1.424, α = 0.732). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated the goodness of fit of this model. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis revealed that civic participation score was robustly associated with individual subjective health (Self-Rated Health: prevalence ratio [PR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-0.98; Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS]: PR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97). Reciprocity score was also associated with individual GDS (PR 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.00). Social cohesion score was not consistently associated with individual health indicators. CONCLUSIONS Our scale for measuring social capital at the community level might be useful for future studies of older community dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashige Saito
- Department of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan; Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Aida
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shihoko Koyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Nagoya, Japan; Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
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190
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Wang D, Xu X, Mei G, Ma Y, Chen R, Qin X, Hu Z. The Relationship Between Core Members' Social Capital and Perceived and Externally Evaluated Prestige and Cooperation Among HIV/AIDS-Related Civil Society Organizations in China. Eval Health Prof 2017; 40:61-78. [PMID: 28705012 DOI: 10.1177/0163278716684167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the core members' social capital was associated with individually perceived and externally evaluated prestige and cooperation among the HIV/AIDS-related civil society organizations (CSOs). To accomplish this, a cross-sectional study using multistage sampling was carried out in eight provinces of China. Data were collected from the 327 core members via questionnaires and self-evaluated performance of the respondents were evaluated and measured. The interviews were conducted with all core members and the supervisory staff of the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that social support (adjusted odds ratio [a OR] = 1.87) and organizational commitment (a OR = 1.57) were significantly associated with a higher odds of prestige performance in self-evaluation. Furthermore, social support (a OR = 1.65), trust (a OR = 1.33), and organizational commitment (a OR = 1.52) were significantly correlated with cooperation performance. Trust was positively associated with the cooperation performance on external evaluation. These findings may provide a new perspective on challenges that the CSOs face in response to a growing HIV/AIDS epidemic in China. Social capital may increase performance and accelerate organizational growth, ultimately improving HIV/AIDS prevention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wang
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,3 Department of Preventive Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guangliang Mei
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ren Chen
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Qin
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- 1 School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,2 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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191
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Stewart KE, Wright PB, Montgomery BEE, Cornell C, Gullette D, Pulley L, Ounpraseuth S, Thostenson J, Booth B. Reducing Risky Sex among Rural African American Cocaine Users: A Controlled Trial. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2017; 28:528-547. [PMID: 28239017 PMCID: PMC5669043 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2017.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rural African American cocaine users experience high rates of STIs/HIV. This NIDA-funded trial tested an adapted evidence-based risk reduction program versus an active control condition. Participants were 251 African American cocaine users in rural Arkansas recruited from 2009-2011. Outcomes included condom use skills and self-efficacy, sexual negotiation skills, peer norms, and self-reported risk behavior. The intervention group experienced greater increases in condom use skills and overall effectiveness in sexual negotiation skills. Both groups reported reductions in trading sex, improvements in condom use self-efficacy, and increased use of specific negotiation skills. Implications and limitations are discussed.
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192
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Kanamori S, Takamiya T, Inoue S, Kai Y, Kawachi I, Kondo K. Exercising alone versus with others and associations with subjective health status in older Japanese: The JAGES Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39151. [PMID: 27974855 PMCID: PMC5156899 DOI: 10.1038/srep39151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exercising with others may have extra health benefits compared to exercising alone, few studies have examined the differences. We sought to examine whether the association of regular exercise to subjective health status differs according to whether people exercise alone and/or with others, adjusting for frequency of exercise. The study was based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) Cohort Study data. Participants were 21,684 subjects aged 65 or older. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for poor self-rated health were significantly lower for people who exercised compared to non-exercisers. In analyses restricted to regular exercisers the ORs for poor health were 0.69 (95% confidence intervals: 0.60-0.79) for individuals exercising alone more often than with others, 0.74 (0.64-0.84) for people who were equally likely to exercise alone as with others, 0.57 (0.43-0.75) for individuals exercising with others more frequently than alone, and 0.79 (0.64-0.97) for individuals only exercising with others compared to individuals only exercising alone. Although exercising alone and exercising with others both seem to have health benefits, increased frequency of exercise with others has important health benefits regardless of the total frequency of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kanamori
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Human Resource Management Department, ITOCHU Techno-Solutions Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takamiya
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inoue
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kai
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Well-being and Society, Nihon Fukushi University, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Gerontology and Evaluation Study, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu city, Aichi, Japan
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193
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Rönnerstrand B. Contextual generalized trust and immunization against the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic in the American states: A multilevel approach. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:632-639. [PMID: 29349177 PMCID: PMC5757902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association between contextual generalized trust and individual-level 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic immunization acceptance. A second aim was to investigate whether knowledge about the A(H1N1) pandemic mediated the association between contextual generalized trust and A(H1N1) immunization acceptance. Data from the National 2009 H1N1 Flu Survey was used. To capture contextual generalized trust, data comes from an aggregation of surveys measuring generalized trust in the American states. To investigate the association between contextual generalized trust and immunization acceptance, while taking potential individual-level confounders into account, multilevel logistic regression was used. The investigation showed contextual generalized trust to be significantly associated with immunization acceptance. However, controlling for knowledge about the A(H1N1) pandemic did not substantially affect the association between contextual generalized trust and immunization acceptance. In conclusion, contextual state-level generalized trust was associated with A(H1N1) immunization, but knowledge about A(H1N1) was not mediating this association.
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194
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Villalonga-Olives E, Adams I, Kawachi I. The development of a bridging social capital questionnaire for use in population health research. SSM Popul Health 2016; 2:613-622. [PMID: 29349175 PMCID: PMC5757980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridging social capital is defined as the connections between individuals who are dissimilar with respect to socioeconomic and other characteristics. There is an important gap in the literature related to its measurement. We describe the development and validation of a questionnaire to measure bridging social capital. We focused the development of the questionnaire to be suitable for use in Latino immigrant populations in the U.S. The structure of the questionnaire comprised the following: Socialization in the job place (5 items); Membership in community activities (16 items); Participation in community activities (5 items); Contact with similar/different people (7 items); Assistance (17 items); Trust of institutions, corporations and other people(14 items); and Trust of intimate people (3 items). First, we used focus groups (N=17 participants) to establish content validity with an inductive thematic analysis to identify themes and subthemes. Changes were made to the questionnaire based on difficulty, redundancy, length and semantic equivalence. Second, we analyzed the questionnaire's psychometric properties (N=138). We tested internal consistency with Cronbach alpha and construct validity with a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for each sub-scale to test theoretical unity; discriminant validity to observe differences between participants from high and low SES backgrounds and different language; and content validity with an independent expert panel. Cronbach alphas ranged from 0.80 (Assistance) to 0.92 (Trust). CFA results indicated that CFI and TLI were higher than 0.90 in almost all the scales, with high factor loadings. The Wilcoxon tests indicated that there were statistically significant mean differences between SES and language groups (p<0.00). The independent expert panel determined that the questionnaire had good content validity. This is the first demonstration of a psychometrically validated questionnaire to measure bridging social capital in an immigrant population in the United States. Our questionnaire may be suitable for further refinement and adaptation to other immigrant groups in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Villalonga-Olives
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I. Adams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I. Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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195
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Mowen AJ, Rung AL. Park-based social capital: are there variations across visitors with different socio-demographic characteristics and behaviours? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14927713.2016.1253178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Mowen
- Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ariane L. Rung
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
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196
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Kim J, Kim JH, Sychareun V, Kang M. Recovering disrupted social capital: insights from Lao DPR rural villagers' perceptions of local leadership. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1189. [PMID: 27884133 PMCID: PMC5123331 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social capital is often believed to be one of the key prerequisites for successful implementation of community-based health programs. In less-developed countries, local leaders are positioned as major players in broad community health strategies and interventions, and their capacities and roles are expected to increase in prominence in future community-health-care promotions. In this study, we examined how local leaders’ capacities could be related to social capital in rural villages in Lao PDR, and thus to villagers’ willingness to participate in community-based health efforts. Methods We adopted a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews for both individuals and focus groups. In 2012, 103 people from six villages in the Khoun and Phoukoud districts participated in the interviews. For the individual interviews, we interviewed 22 mothers who had given birth in the past 5 years. For the focus groups, we interviewed 30 women (six groups), 30 men (six groups), and 21 senior villagers (five groups). Results First, we noted large variations in the levels of community social capital across villages: four out of six study villages showed a high level of social capital, while two villages suffered greatly from a low level of social capital. In search of the reasons for the disrupted social capital in the latter two villages, interviews revealed that failed leadership, especially in regard to local resource allocations—lack of transparency and corrupt practices—were commonly cited reasons for disrupted social capital. The data also showed that the villagers’ mistrust of these failed local leaders critically reduced their willingness to participate in community-based health efforts, and especially in those that involved resource mobilization and risk-sharing for healthcare. Finally, we found that good communication skills and participatory decision-making styles were attributes that rural villagers in Lao PDR expected of their local leaders. Conclusion This study suggests that failed local leadership is detrimental to community participation, resource mobilization, and building communities’ social capital. To achieve intended health care goals through community-based interventions, there is a need to first support local leadership at all levels through capacity-building and improved communication within communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 210 Teacher Education Building 225 North Mills Street, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Vanphanom Sychareun
- Faculty of Postgraduate Study, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Minah Kang
- Department of Public Administration, Ewha Womans University, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-750, Korea.
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197
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Sun X, Bernabé E, Liu X, Gallagher JE, Zheng S. Do contextual factors have a role in periodontal disease? J Clin Periodontol 2016; 44:13-21. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
- King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's; King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Population and Patient Health Division; London UK
| | - Eduardo Bernabé
- King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's; King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Population and Patient Health Division; London UK
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Jennifer E. Gallagher
- King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's; King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, Population and Patient Health Division; London UK
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
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198
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Vogelsang EM. Older adult social participation and its relationship with health: Rural-urban differences. Health Place 2016; 42:111-119. [PMID: 27755999 PMCID: PMC5116414 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In an aging world, there is increased need to identify places and characteristics of places that promote health among older adults. This study examines whether there are rural-urban differences in older adult social participation and its relationship with health. Using the 2003 and 2011 waves of the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n=3006), I find that older adults living in rural counties are less socially active than their counterparts in more-urban counties. I also find that relationships between social participation and health vary by the type of activity and rural-urban context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Vogelsang
- Department of Sociology, California State University-San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407-2397, United States.
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199
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Waverijn G, Heijmans M, Groenewegen PP. Chronic illness self-management: a mechanism behind the relationship between neighbourhood social capital and health? Eur J Public Health 2016; 27:594-599. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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200
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The Association Between Social Capital and Depression Among Chinese Older Adults Living in Public Housing. J Nerv Ment Dis 2016; 204:764-769. [PMID: 27434190 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social capital is a critical resource for physical and mental health among older adults, but few studies have investigated this relationship in Chinese populations, and specifically among those with low socioeconomic status. This study examined the association between depression and cognitive social capital (reciprocity and trust) and structural social capital (social participation) in a community sample of older adults living in public housing in Macau (SAR), China (N = 366). Multivariable linear regressions estimated the associations between dimensions of social capital and depression, while adjusting for potential confounders. Significant inverse associations were found between reciprocity and trust and depression. No association was found between social participation and depression. Poor self-reported health was a robust correlate of depression in all models tested. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether enhancing social capital may reduce depression among Chinese older adults living in poverty.
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