151
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A metabolomics study of Qiliqiangxin in a rat model of heart failure: a reverse pharmacology approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3688. [PMID: 29487344 PMCID: PMC5829193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicine Qiliqiangxin (QL) has been shown to have a protective role in heart failure. Here, we explore the underlying working mechanism of the key therapeutic component in QL using a rat model of heart failure. Heart failure after myocardial infarction was induced surgically and confirmed using echocardiography; a separate group of rats underwent sham surgery. The rats with heart failure were randomly assigned to receive QL, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril, or placebo groups. Blood samples were collected from the rats at four time points for up to 8 weeks and used for biochemical analysis and mass spectrometry‒based metabolomics profiling. In total, we measured nine well-known biochemical parameters of heart failure and 147 metabolites. In the rats with heart failure, QL significantly improved these biochemical parameters and metabolomics profiles, significantly increasing the cardioprotective parameter angiopoietin-like 4 and significantly lowering inflammation-related oxylipins and lysophosphatidic acids compared to benazepril. Mechanistically, QL may improve outcome in heart failure by controlling inflammatory process and cardiac hypertrophy. Clinical studies should be designed in order to investigate these putative mechanisms in patients.
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152
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Beyond the Matrix: The Many Non-ECM Ligands for Integrins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020449. [PMID: 29393909 PMCID: PMC5855671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The traditional view of integrins portrays these highly conserved cell surface receptors as mediators of cellular attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM), and to a lesser degree, as coordinators of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. These canonical activities are indispensable; however, there is also a wide variety of integrin functions mediated by non-ECM ligands that transcend the traditional roles of integrins. Some of these unorthodox roles involve cell-cell interactions and are engaged to support immune functions such as leukocyte transmigration, recognition of opsonization factors, and stimulation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Other cell-cell interactions mediated by integrins include hematopoietic stem cell and tumor cell homing to target tissues. Integrins also serve as cell-surface receptors for various growth factors, hormones, and small molecules. Interestingly, integrins have also been exploited by a wide variety of organisms including viruses and bacteria to support infectious activities such as cellular adhesion and/or cellular internalization. Additionally, the disruption of integrin function through the use of soluble integrin ligands is a common strategy adopted by several parasites in order to inhibit blood clotting during hematophagy, or by venomous snakes to kill prey. In this review, we strive to go beyond the matrix and summarize non-ECM ligands that interact with integrins in order to highlight these non-traditional functions of integrins.
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153
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Petry B, Savoldi IR, Ibelli AMG, Paludo E, de Oliveira Peixoto J, Jaenisch FRF, de Córdova Cucco D, Ledur MC. New genes involved in the Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis in commercial broilers. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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154
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Angiopoietin-Like Proteins in Angiogenesis, Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020431. [PMID: 29389861 PMCID: PMC5855653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of secreted factors by tumor cells or cells of the tumor microenvironment is a key event in cancer development and progression. In the last decade, emerging evidences supported the autocrine and paracrine activity of the members of the Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) protein family in angiogenesis, inflammation and in the regulation of different steps of carcinogenesis and metastasis development. Thus, ANGPTL proteins become attractive either as prognostic or predictive biomarkers, or as novel target for cancer treatment. Here, we outline the current knowledge about the functions of the ANGPTL proteins in angiogenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, we discuss the most recent evidences sustaining their role as prognostic or predictive biomarkers for cancer therapy. Although the role of ANGPTL proteins in cancer has not been fully elucidated, increasing evidence suggest their key effects in the proliferative and invasive properties of cancer cells. Moreover, given the common overexpression of ANGPTL proteins in several aggressive solid tumors, and their role in tumor cells and cells of the tumor microenvironment, the field of research about ANGPTL proteins network may highlight new potential targets for the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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155
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Bourcier R, Le Scouarnec S, Bonnaud S, Karakachoff M, Bourcereau E, Heurtebise-Chrétien S, Menguy C, Dina C, Simonet F, Moles A, Lenoble C, Lindenbaum P, Chatel S, Isidor B, Génin E, Deleuze JF, Schott JJ, Le Marec H, Loirand G, Desal H, Redon R, Desal H, Bourcier R, Daumas-Duport B, Isidor B, Connault J, Lebranchu P, Le Tourneau T, Viarouge MP, Papagiannaki C, Piotin M, Redjem H, Mazighi M, Desilles JP, Naggara O, Trystram D, Edjlali-Goujon M, Rodriguez C, Ben Hassen W, Saleme S, Mounayer C, Levrier O, Aguettaz P, Combaz X, Pasco A, Berthier E, Bintner M, Molho M, Gauthier P, Chivot C, Costalat V, Darganzil C, Bonafé A, Januel AC, Michelozzi C, Cognard C, Bonneville F, Tall P, Darcourt J, Biondi A, Iosif C, Pomero E, Ferre JC, Gauvrit JY, Eugene F, Raoult H, Gentric JC, Ognard J, Anxionnat R, Bracard S, Derelle AL, Tonnelet R, Spelle L, Ikka L, Fahed R, Rouchaud A, Ozanne A, Caroff J, Ben Achour N, Moret J, Chabert E, Berge J, Marnat G, Barreau X, Gariel F, Clarencon F, Aggour M, Ricolfi F, Chavent A, Thouant P, Lebidinsky P, Lemogne B, Herbreteau D, Bibi R, Pierot L, Soize S, Labeyrie MA, Vandendries C, Houdart E, Kazemi A, Leclerc X, Pruvo JP, Gallas S, Velasco S. Rare Coding Variants in ANGPTL6 Are Associated with Familial Forms of Intracranial Aneurysm. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:133-141. [PMID: 29304371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are acquired cerebrovascular abnormalities characterized by localized dilation and wall thinning in intracranial arteries, possibly leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe outcome in case of rupture. Here, we identified one rare nonsense variant (c.1378A>T) in the last exon of ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-Like 6)-which encodes a circulating pro-angiogenic factor mainly secreted from the liver-shared by the four tested affected members of a large pedigree with multiple IA-affected case subjects. We showed a 50% reduction of ANGPTL6 serum concentration in individuals heterozygous for the c.1378A>T allele (p.Lys460Ter) compared to relatives homozygous for the normal allele, probably due to the non-secretion of the truncated protein produced by the c.1378A>T transcripts. Sequencing ANGPTL6 in a series of 94 additional index case subjects with familial IA identified three other rare coding variants in five case subjects. Overall, we detected a significant enrichment (p = 0.023) in rare coding variants within this gene among the 95 index case subjects with familial IA, compared to a reference population of 404 individuals with French ancestry. Among the 6 recruited families, 12 out of 13 (92%) individuals carrying IA also carry such variants in ANGPTL6, versus 15 out of 41 (37%) unaffected ones. We observed a higher rate of individuals with a history of high blood pressure among affected versus healthy individuals carrying ANGPTL6 variants, suggesting that ANGPTL6 could trigger cerebrovascular lesions when combined with other risk factors such as hypertension. Altogether, our results indicate that rare coding variants in ANGPTL6 are causally related to familial forms of IA.
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156
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Al-Terki A, Abu-Farha M, AlKhairi I, Cherian PT, Sriraman D, Shyamsundar A, Ali S, Almulla F, Tuomilehto J, Abubaker JA. Increased Level of Angiopoietin Like Proteins 4 and 8 in People With Sleep Apnea. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:651. [PMID: 30524367 PMCID: PMC6262344 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder caused by the complete or partial obstruction of the upper airways. The worldwide prevalence of OSA is increasing due to its close association with obesity epidemic and multiple health complications, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and Type 2 diabetes. Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)-4 and ANGPTL8 (betatrophin) have been suggested to play a role in the development of these diseases through their role in regulating the metabolism of plasma lipid molecules. This study was designed to evaluate ANGPTL4 and 8 levels in an OSA group and a control group to clarify the effect of OSA on ANGPTL4 and 8 levels. Methods: In total, 74 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 22 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls with the Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) score of <5 events/h and 52 subjects with an AHI score of >5 events/h. Sleep apnea was assessed using a portable sleep test. ANGPTL4 and 8 levels were measured in plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Mean AHI score (2.5 ± 1.6) in the control group was significantly lower than that in the OSA group (22.9 ± 17.9; p < 0.0001). Leptin, interleukin-(IL) 6, insulin, and HOMA-IR values were higher in the OSA group than in the control group. ANGPTL8 level was higher in the OSA group (1130.0 ± 108.61 pg/mL) than in the control group (809.39 ± 108.78 pg/mL; p = 0.041). Similarly, ANGPTL4 was higher in the OSA group (179.26 ± 12.89 ng/mL) than in the control group (142.63 ±7.99 ng/mL; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that ANGPTL4 and 8 levels were increased in subjects with OSA, suggesting that the upregulation of these lipid metabolism regulators might play a role in lipid dysregulation observed in people with OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen Al-Terki
- Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Medical Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Mohamed Abu-Farha ;
| | - Irina AlKhairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi T. Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Devarajan Sriraman
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ambika Shyamsundar
- National Dasman Diabetes Biobank, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shamsha Ali
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Almulla
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Jehad A. Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- *Correspondence: Jehad A. Abubaker
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157
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Zhang Y, Guo X, Yan W, Chen Y, Ke M, Cheng C, Zhu X, Xue W, Zhou Q, Zheng L, Wang S, Wu B, Liu X, Ma L, Huang L, Huang K. ANGPTL8 negatively regulates NF-κB activation by facilitating selective autophagic degradation of IKKγ. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2164. [PMID: 29255244 PMCID: PMC5735157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation mediated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) plays a critical role in inflammation. Here we demonstrate that angiopoietin-like 8 (ANGPTL8) functions as a negative feedback regulator in TNFα-triggered NF-κB activation intracellularly. Inflammatory stimuli induce ANGPTL8 expression, and knockdown or knockout of ANGPTL8 potentiates TNFα-induced NF-κB activation in vitro. Mechanistically, upon TNFα stimulation, ANGPTL8 facilitates the interaction of IKKγ with p62 via forming a complex, thus promoting the selective autophagic degradation of IKKγ. Furthermore, the N-terminal domain mediated self-oligomerization of ANGPTL8 is essential for IKKγ degradation and NF-κB activation. In vivo, circulating ANGPTL8 level is high in patients diagnosed with infectious diseases, and the ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ axis is responsive to inflammatory stimuli in the liver of LPS-injected mice. Altogether, our study suggests the ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ axis as a negative feedback loop that regulates NF-κB activation, and extends the role of selective autophagy in fine-tuned inflammatory responses. NF-κB activation mediated by TNFα has a critical role in inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms await further investigation. Here the authors show that selective autophagy regulates NF-κB activation via an ANGPTL8/p62-IKKγ signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wanyao Yan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengxiang Ke
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiuqin Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weili Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Zhou
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lianqi Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Centre for Biomedicine Research, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan, 430075, China.
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158
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Cloning, expression, and spectral analysis of mouse betatrophin. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2017; 31:102. [PMID: 29951403 PMCID: PMC6014755 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.31.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Betatrophin, a novel secretory protein from liver and fatty tissues, is believed to be involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. However, its precise physiological role remains unclear. Here, we report the cloning, expression, and purification steps of mouse betatrophin in a prokaryotic system, followed by its structural analysis. Methods: Specific cloning primers were used to amplify the coding sequence of mouse liver betatrophin. The product was cloned into pET28 and expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The suitability of the refolding procedure was assessed by determining secondary structures of the initial and refolded proteins using circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results: The polymerase chain reaction resulted in a 549 bp nucleotide sequence, encoding a 183 amino acid polypeptide, with an apparent molecular weight of 21 kDa, which was expressed in an inclusion body. Following an optimization and refolding procedure, the recombinant protein was purified by anion exchange and metal affinity chromatography. CD spectra revealed that the refolded protein has suitable configuration. Conclusion: We believe that the produced betatrophin is suitable for further biochemical studies on glucose and lipid metabolism.
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159
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Gellrich L, Merk D. Therapeutic Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.11131/2017/101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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160
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Zuliani-Alvarez L, Marzeda AM, Deligne C, Schwenzer A, McCann FE, Marsden BD, Piccinini AM, Midwood KS. Mapping tenascin-C interaction with toll-like receptor 4 reveals a new subset of endogenous inflammatory triggers. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1595. [PMID: 29150600 PMCID: PMC5693923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition underpins innate immunity; the accurate identification of danger, including infection, injury, or tumor, is key to an appropriately targeted immune response. Pathogen detection is increasingly well defined mechanistically, but the discrimination of endogenous inflammatory triggers remains unclear. Tenascin-C, a matrix protein induced upon tissue damage and expressed by tumors, activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sterile inflammation. Here we map three sites within tenascin-C that directly and cooperatively interact with TLR4. We also identify a conserved inflammatory epitope in related proteins from diverse families, and demonstrate that its presence targets molecules for TLR detection, while its absence enables escape of innate immune surveillance. These data reveal a unique molecular code that defines endogenous proteins as inflammatory stimuli by marking them for recognition by TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anna M Marzeda
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Fiona E McCann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Brian D Marsden
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.,Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anna M Piccinini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.,School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kim S Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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161
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Wei X, Nie S, Liu H, Sun J, Liu J, Li J, Li S, Wang S, Han S, Wang J, Sun Y. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer progression by promoting the polarization of M2 tumor-associated macrophages. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:2220-2233. [PMID: 29218246 PMCID: PMC5714751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional phenotypes (M1 and M2) of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute greatly to the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanisms for TAM polarization remain unclear. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) is involved in tumor progression. In this study, Angptl2 expression was aberrantly increased in NSCLC cells and positively correlated with TAM infiltration, tumor size and poor patient survival. Moreover, in vitro tumor cell-macrophage co-culture and recombinant protein stimulation revealed that Angptl2 fostered the M2 polarization of TAMs through the p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) pathway. In addition, Angptl2-promoted TAM enhanced proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells and the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo, TAM depletion inhibited the tumor growth induced by Angptl2. Here, for the first time, we determined that Angptl2 promoted the M2 polarization of TAMs and enhanced NSCLC progression. Interfering with Angptl2 might be an effective strategy for reprogramming TAM polarization in NSCLC, providing a promising therapy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wei
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Siyue Nie
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jingyu Sun
- College of Life Science, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuyun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Genetic and Molecular Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Genetic and Molecular Diagnostic Center, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong Province, China
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162
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Angiopoietin-like 4 Is a Wnt Signaling Antagonist that Promotes LRP6 Turnover. Dev Cell 2017; 43:71-82.e6. [PMID: 29017031 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted signaling protein that is implicated in cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorder, and cancer. Outside of its role in lipid metabolism, ANGPTL4 signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we identify ANGPTL4 as a Wnt signaling antagonist that binds to syndecans and forms a ternary complex with the Wnt co-receptor Lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6). This protein complex is internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and degraded in lysosomes, leading to attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Angptl4 is expressed in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos and acts as a Wnt antagonist to promote notochord formation and prevent muscle differentiation. This unexpected function of ANGPTL4 invites re-interpretation of its diverse physiological effects in light of Wnt signaling and may open therapeutic avenues for human disease.
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163
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Ohno T, Yamamoto G, Hayashi JI, Nishida E, Goto H, Sasaki Y, Kikuchi T, Fukuda M, Hasegawa Y, Mogi M, Mitani A. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 regulates Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human gingival epithelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184825. [PMID: 28934245 PMCID: PMC5608282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) maintains tissue homeostasis by inducing inflammation and angiogenesis. It is produced in infiltrating immune cells or resident cells, such as adipocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and tumor cells. We hypothesized that ANGPTL2 might play an important role as a unique mediator in both systemic and periodontal disease. We demonstrated an increased ANGPTL2 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment strongly induced ANGPTL2 mRNA and protein levels in Ca9-22 human gingival epithelial cells. Recombinant human ANGPTL2 increased interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA and protein levels in Ca9-22 cells. Small-interfering (si)RNA-mediated ANGPTL2 knockdown in Ca9-22 cells reduced IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA and protein levels compared with control siRNA (p<0.01) in P. gingivalis LPS-stimulated Ca9-22 cells. Antibodies against integrin α5β1, an ANGPTL receptor, blocked induction of these inflammatory cytokines in P. gingivalis LPS-treated Ca9-22 cells, suggesting that secreted ANGPTL induces inflammatory cytokines in gingival epithelial cells via an autocrine loop. The classic sequential cascade of P. gingivalis LPS → inflammatory cytokine induction is well established. However, in the current study, we reveal a novel cascade comprising sequential P. gingivalis LPS → ANGPTL2 → integrin α5β1 → inflammatory cytokine induction, which might be responsible for inducing potent periodontal disorganization activity in gingival epithelial cells. Via this pathway, ANGPTL2 functions in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and contributes to prolonging chronic inflammation in patients with systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ohno
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Genta Yamamoto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jun-ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eisaku Nishida
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Goto
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sasaki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikuchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Chikusa-ku, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makio Mogi
- Department of Integrative Education of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akio Mitani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Katano H, Nishikawa Y, Yamada H, Yamada K, Mase M. Differential Expression of microRNAs in Severely Calcified Carotid Plaques. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 27:108-117. [PMID: 28939047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated whether microRNA (miRNA) alteration is related to the presence of calcification in carotid plaques. METHODS We classified 10 plaques from carotid endarterectomy patients into high- and low-calcified plaques based on Agatston calcium scores. A microarray analysis for miRNA profiles was performed, with validation by a miRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS The miRNA microarray identified 697 probes; 657 of them were downregulated. We selected the genes that satisfied total gene signal (TGS) >50, |Log2 ratio| > 1 and ≥1 of the following: (1) false discovery rate (FDR) <.05 in the comparison of mean values of logarithmic transformed signals between the groups; (2) .05 ≤ FDR < .1 and showing either high or median for context score+ in miRSearch among the 72 carefully selected genes related to angiogenesis or calcification; and (3) FDR < .1 in the comparison of 10 individual sets of high- and low-calcified plaques. The expression of miRNA validated by qRT-PCR revealed a significant downregulation of hsa-miR-4530, hsa-miR133b, and hsa-miR-1-3p. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed that the logarithmic TGSs for the microarray of hsa-miR-4530 and hsa-miR-133b were significantly inversely correlated with the carotid plaques' calcium scores, and the delta Cq values for the qRT-PCR showed a direct association. CONCLUSIONS In high-calcified carotid plaques, a specific profile for miRNA may be identified, and the expressions of hsa-miR-4530 and hsa-miR-133b had inverse correlations with the calcium score in the plaques, suggesting that miRNAs may play a modulating role in calcified plaques and plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Medical Informatics & Integrative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nishikawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamada
- Nagoya City Rehabilitation Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuhito Mase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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165
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Yan Q, Jiang L, Liu M, Yu D, Zhang Y, Li Y, Fang S, Li Y, Zhu YH, Yuan YF, Guan XY. ANGPTL1 Interacts with Integrin α1β1 to Suppress HCC Angiogenesis and Metastasis by Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5831-5845. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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166
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High Circulating Levels of ANGPTL2: Beyond a Clinical Marker of Systemic Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1096385. [PMID: 29138671 PMCID: PMC5613648 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1096385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 2 (ANGPTL2) is a proinflammatory protein belonging to the angiopoietin-like family. ANGPTL2 is secreted and detected in the systemic circulation. Different observational clinical studies reported that circulating levels of ANGPTL2 increase significantly in various chronic inflammatory diseases and showed associations between ANGPTL2 levels and diagnosis and/or prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and various types of cancers. However, these studies did not address the following questions: (a) what are the sources of circulating ANGPTL2? (b) How and by which mechanisms an increase in circulating ANGPTL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases? (c) Does an increase in circulating levels of ANGPTL2 measured in a well-defined chronic medical condition originate from a specific cell type? Mechanistic hypotheses have been proposed based on studies performed in mice and cultured cells, and proinflammatory, prooxidative, proangiogenic, proliferative, and antiapoptotic properties of ANGPTL2 have been reported. The aim of this review is to propose answers concerning the potential sources of circulating ANGPTL2 and its common pathological properties associated with various chronic inflammatory diseases and death in humans. We believe that high circulating ANGPTL2 levels are more than an inflammatory marker and may reflect the senescent cellular load of an individual.
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167
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McQueen AE, Kanamaluru D, Yan K, Gray NE, Wu L, Li ML, Chang A, Hasan A, Stifler D, Koliwad SK, Wang JC. The C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain of angiopoietin-like 4 stimulates adipose tissue lipolysis and promotes energy expenditure. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16122-16134. [PMID: 28842503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.803973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angptl4 (Angiopoietin-like 4) is a circulating protein secreted by white and brown adipose tissues and the liver. Structurally, Angptl4 contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain (CCD) connected to a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain (FLD) via a cleavable linker, and both full-length Angptl4 and its individual domains circulate in the bloodstream. Angptl4 inhibits extracellular lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and stimulates the lipolysis of triacylglycerol stored by adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT). The former activity is furnished by the CCD, but the Angptl4 domain responsible for stimulating adipocyte lipolysis is unknown. We show here that the purified FLD of Angptl4 is sufficient to stimulate lipolysis in mouse primary adipocytes and that increasing circulating FLD levels in mice through adenovirus-mediated overexpression (Ad-FLD) not only induces WAT lipolysis in vivo but also reduces diet-induced obesity without affecting LPL activity. Intriguingly, reduced adiposity in Ad-FLD mice was associated with increased oxygen consumption, fat utilization, and the expression of thermogenic genes (Ucp1 and Ppargc1a) in subcutaneous WAT. Moreover, Ad-FLD mice exhibited increased glucose tolerance. Chronically enhancing WAT lipolysis could produce ectopic steatosis because of an overflow of lipids from the WAT to peripheral tissues; however, this did not occur when Ad-FLD mice were fed a high-fat diet. Rather, these mice had reductions in both circulating triacylglycerol levels and the mRNA levels of lipogenic genes in the liver and skeletal muscle. We conclude that separating the FLD from the CCD-mediated LPL-inhibitory activity of full-length Angptl4 reveals lipolytic and thermogenic properties with therapeutic relevance to obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E McQueen
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Deepthi Kanamaluru
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Kimberly Yan
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Nora E Gray
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Leslie Wu
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Mei-Lan Li
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Anthony Chang
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | - Adeeba Hasan
- the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
| | | | - Suneil K Koliwad
- the Diabetes Center and .,the Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- From the Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and .,the Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 and
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168
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Siddiqa A, Cirillo E, Tareen SHK, Ali A, Kutmon M, Eijssen LMT, Ahmad J, Evelo CT, Coort SL. Visualizing the regulatory role of Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) in glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. Genomics 2017; 109:408-418. [PMID: 28684091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ANGPTL8 (Angiopoietin-like protein 8) is a newly identified hormone emerging as a novel drug target for treatment of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia due to its unique metabolic nature. With increasing number of studies targeting the regulation of ANGPTL8, integration of their findings becomes indispensable. This study has been conducted with the aim to collect, analyze, integrate and visualize the available knowledge in the literature about ANGPTL8 and its regulation. We utilized this knowledge to construct a regulatory pathway of ANGPTL8 which is available at WikiPathways, an open source pathways database. It allows us to visualize ANGPTL8's regulation with respect to other genes/proteins in different pathways helping us to understand the complex interplay of novel hormones/genes/proteins in metabolic disorders. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to present an integrated pathway view of ANGPTL8's regulation and its associated pathways and is important resource for future omics-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnah Siddiqa
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation - RCMS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan; Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Cirillo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Samar H K Tareen
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Amjad Ali
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences - ASAB, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Lars M T Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Research Centre for Modeling and Simulation - RCMS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan.
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Susan L Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Yang LY, Yu CG, Wang XH, Yuan SS, Zhang LJ, Lang JN, Zhao D, Feng YM. Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Is a High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Component for HDL Metabolism and Function in Nondiabetic Participants and Type-2 Diabetic Patients. J Am Heart Assoc 2017. [PMID: 28645936 PMCID: PMC5669195 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.005973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background ANGPTL4 (angiopoietin‐like protein 4) is a LPL (lipoprotein lipase) inhibitor and is present in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). However, it is not defined whether ANGPTL4 in HDLs could affect HDL metabolism and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods and Results ANGPTL4 levels in the circulation and HDLs were quantified in nondiabetic participants (n=201, 68.7% females) and T2DM patients (n=185, 66.5% females). HDLs were isolated from nondiabetic controls and T2DM patients to assess cholesterol efflux or subjected to endothelial lipase (EL)‐overexpressed HEK293 cells for EL hydrolysis in vitro. The association between ANGPTL4 in HDLs and HDL components and function was analyzed in nondiabetic participants or diabetic patients, respectively. Plasma or HDLs of ANGPTL4+/+ and ANGPTL4−/− mice was subjected for cholesterol efflux or EL hydrolysis, respectively. ANGPTL4 levels in the plasma and HDLs were 1.7‐ and 2.0‐fold higher in T2DM patients than nondiabetic controls, respectively (P<0.0001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that per 1 doubling increase of ANGPTL4 levels in HDLs, the changes amounted to +0.27% cholesterol efflux (P=0.03), +0.06 μg/mL apolipoprotein A‐I (P=0.09) and −9.41 μg/L serum amyloid A (P=0.02) in nondiabetic controls. In T2DM patients, the corresponding estimates were −0.06% cholesterol efflux (P=0.10), −0.06 μg/mL apolipoprotein A‐I (P=0.38), and +3.64 μg/L serum amyloid A (P=0.72). HDLs isolated from ANGPTL4−/− mice showed accelerated hydrolysis by EL and reduced cholesterol efflux compared with ANGPTL4+/+ littermates. Conclusions Physically, ANGPTL4 in HDLs protected HDLs from hydrolysis. Resulting from increased circulating ANGPTL4 levels in T2DM, ANGPTL4 levels in HDLs were elevated but with compromised inhibitory effect on EL, leading to increased HDL hydrolysis and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-Guo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Nan Lang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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170
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Chen H, Xiao Q, Hu Y, Chen L, Jiang K, Tang Y, Tan Y, Hu W, Wang Z, He J, Liu Y, Cai Y, Yang Q, Ding K. ANGPTL1 attenuates colorectal cancer metastasis by up-regulating microRNA-138. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:78. [PMID: 28606130 PMCID: PMC5467265 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been reported to suppress migration and invasion in lung and breast cancer, acting as a novel tumor suppressor candidate. Nevertheless, its effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly defined. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the biological function of ANGPTL1 in CRC cells. Methods We explored ANGPTL1 mRNA expression in human CRC tissues and its association with prognosis. CRC cell lines overexpressing ANGPTL1 or with ANGPTL1 knocked down were constructed and analyzed for changes in proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. ANGPTL1-regulated microRNAs were analyzed, and microRNA inhibitor and mimics were used to explore the role of microRNA in ANGPTL1-associated biological function. Results ANGPTL1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in CRC tissues, and high ANGPTL1 expression predicted better survival in CRC patients. ANGPTL1 overexpression resulted in suppressed migration and invasion in vitro, and it prolonged overall survival in mouse models. By contrast, its down-regulation enhanced migration and invasion of CRC cells. MicroRNA-138 expression was positively correlated with ANGPTL1 mRNA level in CRC tissues and up-regulated by ANGPTL1 in CRC cells. In addition, the microRNA-138 inhibitor or mimics could reverse or promote the ANGPTL1-mediated inhibition of the migratory capacity of CRC cells, respectively. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate the biological function of ANGPTL1 in CRC cells. ANGPTL1 expression was down-regulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with poor survival. ANGPTL1 repressed migration and invasion of CRC cells, and microRNA-138 was involved in this process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0548-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeting Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liubo Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangxiong Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjie He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibo Cai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Paththinige CS, Sirisena ND, Dissanayake V. Genetic determinants of inherited susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia - a comprehensive literature review. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:103. [PMID: 28577571 PMCID: PMC5457620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a strong determinant of mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular diseases and a major contributor to the global disease burden. Mutations in four genes (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9 and LDLRAP1) account for the majority of cases with familial hypercholesterolemia. However, a substantial proportion of adults with hypercholesterolemia do not have a mutation in any of these four genes. This indicates the probability of having other genes with a causative or contributory role in the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia and suggests a polygenic inheritance of this condition. Here in, we review the recent evidence of association of the genetic variants with hypercholesterolemia and the three lipid traits; total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), their biological pathways and the associated pathogenetic mechanisms. Nearly 80 genes involved in lipid metabolism (encoding structural components of lipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors and related proteins, enzymes, lipid transporters, lipid transfer proteins, and activators or inhibitors of protein function and gene transcription) with single nucleotide variants (SNVs) that are recognized to be associated with hypercholesterolemia and serum lipid traits in genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies were identified. In addition, genome-wide association studies in different populations have identified SNVs associated with TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in nearly 120 genes within or in the vicinity of the genes that are not known to be involved in lipid metabolism. Over 90% of the SNVs in both these groups are located outside the coding regions of the genes. These findings indicates that there might be a considerable number of unrecognized processes and mechanisms of lipid homeostasis, which when disrupted, would lead to hypercholesterolemia. Knowledge of these molecular pathways will enable the discovery of novel treatment and preventive methods as well as identify the biochemical and molecular markers for the risk prediction and early detection of this common, yet potentially debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Paththinige
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka.
| | - N D Sirisena
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - Vhw Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Kynsey Road, Colombo, 00800, Sri Lanka
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172
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Mysore R, Liebisch G, Zhou Y, Olkkonen VM, Nidhina Haridas PA. Angiopoietin-like 8 (Angptl8) controls adipocyte lipolysis and phospholipid composition. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:246-252. [PMID: 28528274 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 8 (Angptl8) inhibits lipolysis in the circulation together with Angplt3 and controls post-prandial fat storage in white adipose tissue (WAT). It is strongly induced by insulin in vivo in WAT and in vitro in adipocytes. In this study we addressed the function of Angptl8 in adipocytes by its stable lentivirus-mediated knock-down in 3T3-L1 cells, followed by analyses of triglyceride (TG) storage, lipid droplet (LD) morphology, the cellular lipidome, lipolysis, and gene expression. Depletion of Angptl8 did not drastically affect the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells but resulted in a moderate (18-19%) reduction of stored TGs. The lipidome analysis revealed a reduction of alkyl- phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) plasmalogens, as well as saturated PCs and PEs. Importantly, the Angptl8 depleted cells displayed enhanced lipolysis as measured by release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Consistently, mRNAs encoding Angptl4 and Leptin, which facilitate lipolysis, as well as Cpt1a, Cpt1b, and Pgc-1α involved in FA oxidation, were elevated. The Angptl8 mRNA itself was suppressed by pharmacologic treatments inducing lipolysis: stimulation with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. To conclude, knock-down of Angptl8 in adipocytes suggests that the protein acts to inhibit intracellular lipolysis, analogous to its activity in the circulation. Depletion of Angptl8 results in an altered cellular phospholipid composition. The findings identify Angptl8 as a central insulin-regulated controller of adipocyte lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Systems Immunity University Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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TNF-α decreases lipoprotein lipase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by up-regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:533-540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The microbiota is composed of commensal bacteria and other microorganisms that live on the epithelial barriers of the host. The commensal microbiota is important for the health and survival of the organism. Microbiota influences physiological functions from the maintenance of barrier homeostasis locally to the regulation of metabolism, haematopoiesis, inflammation, immunity and other functions systemically. The microbiota is also involved in the initiation, progression and dissemination of cancer both at epithelial barriers and in sterile tissues. Recently, it has become evident that microbiota, and particularly the gut microbiota, modulates the response to cancer therapy and susceptibility to toxic side effects. In this Review, we discuss the evidence for the ability of the microbiota to modulate chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy with a focus on the microbial species involved, their mechanism of action and the possibility of targeting the microbiota to improve anticancer efficacy while preventing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Roy
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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175
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Masuko K. Angiopoietin-like 4: A molecular link between insulin resistance and rheumatoid arthritis. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:939-943. [PMID: 28004425 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that common factor(s) or molecule(s) might regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, and bone and cartilage degeneration. These findings may be particularly relevant for cases of rheumatoid arthritis, in which chronic inflammation occurs in an autoimmune context and causes the degradation of articular joints as well as insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. Candidates for this common regulatory system include signals mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated regulator and its response factor, angiopoietin-like 4. The expression and bioactivity of angiopoietin-like 4, an adipocytokine that was originally reported to have an angiogenic function, have been detected not only in the vascular system and adipose tissue but also in rheumatoid joints. An essential role for angiopoietin-like 4 has been established in dyslipidemia, and recent reports indicate that it may modulate bone and cartilage catabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. The enhanced expression of angiopoietin-like 4 in rheumatoid arthritis may explain the occurrence of insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk, and joint destruction, thereby suggesting that this molecule could be a potential target for anti-rheumatoid arthritis strategies. This review describes recent research on the role of angiopoietin-like 4 in chronic inflammatory conditions and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as potential therapeutic candidates. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:939-943, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Masuko
- Health Evaluation and Promotion Center, Sanno Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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176
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Lu Q, Lu L, Chen W, Lu P. Expression of angiopoietin-like protein 8 correlates with VEGF in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:1515-1523. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-017-3676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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177
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Takano A, Fukuda T, Shinjo T, Iwashita M, Matsuzaki E, Yamamichi K, Takeshita M, Sanui T, Nishimura F. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 is a positive regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Metabolism 2017; 69:157-170. [PMID: 28285646 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Several studies have reported that angiopoietin-like protein 2 (Angptl2) is expressed abundantly in adipocytes and is associated with adipose tissue inflammation. In the present study, we found that osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells also expressed Angptl2 at high levels. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Angptl2 in osteoblastic cell differentiation. METHODS Angptl2 expression was examined during osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The role of Angptl2 on cell differentiation and associated signaling was analyzed by gene knockdown using Angptl2 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). RESULTS Angptl2 was highly expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells, ST2 cells and primary osteoblasts, but not in RAW264 cells. Inhibition of Angptl2 expression using siRNA markedly inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1, ST2 cells and primary osteoblasts. Angptl2 siRNA also inhibited adipocyte differentiation in ST2 cells. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with Angptl2 siRNA led to the down-regulation of the activities of several cell signaling pathways, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signals. It also down-regulated the expression of Osterix, but not that of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), suggesting that Angptl2 is a positive activator of Osterix and its down-stream signals. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with anti-Angptl2 antibodies suppressed ALP gene expression. In addition, treatment of Angptl2 siRNA-treated cells with culture supernatants of normal MC3T3-E1 cells restored ALP gene expression, indicating that Angptl2 acts in an autocrine manner. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Angptl2 is an autocrine positive regulator of cell differentiation. Thus, it is suggested that Angptl2 regulates not only adipose tissue metabolism but also bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Takano
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Matsuzaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamichi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takeshita
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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178
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An YA, Sun K, Joffin N, Zhang F, Deng Y, Donzé O, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE. Angiopoietin-2 in white adipose tissue improves metabolic homeostasis through enhanced angiogenesis. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28355132 PMCID: PMC5391203 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many angiogenic factors playing crucial roles in metabolic homeostasis, effects of angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) in adipose tissue (AT) remain unclear. Utilizing a doxycycline-inducible AT-specific ANG-2 overexpression mouse model, we assessed the effects of ANG-2 in AT expansion upon a high-fat diet (HFD) challenge. ANG-2 is significantly induced, with subcutaneous white AT (sWAT) displaying the highest ANG-2 expression. ANG-2 overexpressing mice show increased sWAT vascularization and are resistant to HFD-induced obesity. In addition, improved glucose and lipid metabolism are observed. Mechanistically, the sWAT displays a healthier expansion pattern with increased anti-inflammatory macrophage infiltration. Conversely, ANG-2 neutralization in HFD-challenged wild-type mice shows reduced vascularization in sWAT, associated with impaired glucose tolerance and lipid clearance. Blocking ANG-2 causes significant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic changes, hallmarks of an unhealthy AT expansion. In contrast to other pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), this is achieved without any enhanced beiging of white AT. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.24071.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Nolwenn Joffin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Fang Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Deng
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | | | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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179
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Angiopoietin-Like Protein 7 Promotes an Inflammatory Phenotype in RAW264.7 Macrophages Through the P38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2017; 39:974-85. [PMID: 26973239 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 7 (Angptl7) has been extensively studied for decades, but its potential immune functions have not been characterized. Hence, we investigated the relationship between Angptl7 and inflammation by using RAW264.7 monocyte/macrophage cells. The expression of genes encoding inflammation-associated factors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)) decreased after RAW264.7 cells were treated with anti-Angptl7 polyclonal antibody but increased after the cells were transfected with an Angptl7-expressing plasmid. Angptl7 overexpression enhanced phagocytosis and inhibited the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Angptl7 antagonized the anti-inflammatory effects of TGF-β1 and dexamethasone. Pathway analysis showed that Angptl7 promoted the phosphorylation of both p65 and p38, but only the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway mediated Angptl7-associated inflammatory functions. Additionally, after 1 week of daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant TNF-α in a mouse model of peripheral inflammation, Angptl7 expression increased in the mouse eyes. Thus, Angptl7 is a factor that promotes pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages through the P38 MAPK signaling pathway and represents a potential therapeutic target for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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180
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Abu-Farha M, Cherian P, Al-Khairi I, Madhu D, Tiss A, Warsam S, Alhubail A, Sriraman D, Al-Refaei F, Abubaker J. Plasma and adipose tissue level of angiopoietin-like 7 (ANGPTL7) are increased in obesity and reduced after physical exercise. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173024. [PMID: 28264047 PMCID: PMC5338794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective ANGPTL7 is a member of the Angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) protein family that is composed of eight proteins (1–8). Increasing evidence is associating ANGPTL proteins to obesity and insulin resistance. The biological role of ANGPTL7 is yet to be understood except for a recently proposed role in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. This study was designed to shed light on the function of ANGPTL7 in obesity and its modulation by physical exercise as well as its potential association with lipid profile. Methods A total of 144 subjects were enrolled in this study and finished three months of physical exercise. The participants were classified based on their BMI, 82 subjects were non-obese and 62 obese. ANGPTL7 levels in plasma and adipose tissue were measured by ELISA, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results In this study, we showed that ANGPTL7 level was increased in the plasma of obese subjects (1249.05± 130.39 pg/mL) as compared to non-obese (930.34 ± 87.27 pg/mL) (p-Value = 0.032). ANGPTL7 Gene and protein expression levels in adipose tissue also showed over two fold increase. Physical exercise reduced circulating level of ANGPTL7 in the obese subjects to 740.98± 127.18 pg/mL, (p-Value = 0.007). ANGPTL7 expression in adipose tissue was also reduced after exercise. Finally, ANGPTL7 circulating level showed significant association with TG level in the obese subjects (R2 = 0.183, p-Value = 0.03). Conclusion In conclusion, our data shows for the first time that obesity increases the level of ANGPTL7 in both plasma and adipose tissue. Increased expression of ANGPTL7 might play a minor role in the regulation of TG level in obese subjects either directly or through interaction with other ANGPTL protein members. Physical exercise reduced the level of ANGPTL7 highlighting the potential for targeting this protein as a therapeutic target for regulating dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail: (MAF); (JA)
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dhanya Madhu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ali Tiss
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Samia Warsam
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Asma Alhubail
- Clinical Services Department; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Faisal Al-Refaei
- Clinical Services Department; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail: (MAF); (JA)
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181
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Kim HK, Kwon O, Park KH, Lee KJ, Youn BS, Kim SW, Kim MS. Angiopoietin-like peptide 4 regulates insulin secretion and islet morphology. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:113-118. [PMID: 28188788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β-cells is primarily regulated by the blood glucose level, and also modulated by a number of biological factors produced inside the islets or released from remote organs. Previous studies have shown that angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) controls glucose and lipid metabolism through its actions in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscles. In this present study, we investigated the possible role of Angptl4 in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Angptl4 was found to be highly expressed in the α-cells but not β-cells of rodent islets. Moreover, treatment of rodent islets with Angptl4 peptide potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through a protein kinase A-dependent mechanism. Consistently, Angptl4 knockout mice showed impaired glucose tolerance. In the cultured islets from Angptl4 knockout mice, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was significantly lower than in islets from wild type mice. Angptl4 peptide replacement partially reversed this reduction. Moreover, Angptl4 knockout mice had dysmorphic islets with abnormally distributed α-cells. In contrast, the β-cell mass and distribution were not significantly altered in these knockout mice. Our current data collectively suggest that Angptl4 may play a critical role in the regulation of insulin secretion and islet morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyong Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Han Park
- Department of Anatomy, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | | | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, South Korea.
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182
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Makoveichuk E, Ruge T, Nilsson S, Södergren A, Olivecrona G. High Concentrations of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 Detected in Serum from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Be Explained by Non-Specific Antibody Reactivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168922. [PMID: 28107351 PMCID: PMC5249215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is suggested to be a master regulator of plasma triglyceride metabolism. Our aim was to study whether the previously reported high levels of ANGPTL4 detected in serum from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by ELISA was due to any specific molecular form of this protein (oligomers, monomers or fragments). ANGPTL4 levels were first determined in serum from 68 RA patients and 43 age and sex matched control subjects and the mean values differed by a factor of 5.0. Then, ANGPTL4 was analyzed after size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of serum samples. With serum from one of the RA patients with high levels of ANGPTL4, the dominant reactivity was found in fractions corresponding to high-molecular weight proteins. In addition, a minor peak of reactivity eluting late from the column was found both in the patient and in controls. By the use of HeteroBlock®, and by careful selection of antibodies, we documented non-specific reactions for ANGPTL4 in 39% of samples from the RA patients, most likely due to cross-reactivity of the antibodies with rheumatoid factor (RF). The corresponding figure for control subjects was 6.3%. After corrections for non-specific reactions, the mean level of ANGPTL4 in serum from RA patients was still significantly higher than in control individuals (mean levels were 101±62 and 67±39 ng/ml respectively, P = 0.02). We re-analyzed samples from our previously published studies on ANGPL4 levels in patients on hemodialysis and patients with diabetes type 2. These samples did not show false positive reactions. The levels of ANGPTL4 were comparable to those detected previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makoveichuk
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Toralph Ruge
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Acute Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
| | - Solveig Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Södergren
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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183
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Costa RA, Cardoso JCR, Power DM. Evolution of the angiopoietin-like gene family in teleosts and their role in skin regeneration. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:14. [PMID: 28086749 PMCID: PMC5237311 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin in vertebrates is a protective barrier and damage is rapidly repaired to re-establish barrier function and maintain internal homeostasis. The angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) proteins are a family of eight secreted glycoproteins with an important role in skin repair and angiogenesis in humans. In other vertebrates their existence and role in skin remains largely unstudied. The present study characterizes for the first time the homologues of human ANGPTLs in fish and identifies the candidates that share a conserved role in skin repair using a regenerating teleost skin model over a 4-day healing period. RESULTS Homologues of human ANGPTL1-7 were identified in fish, although ANGPTL8 was absent and a totally new family member designated angptl9 was identified in fish and other non-mammalian vertebrates. In the teleost fishes a gene family expansion occurred but all the deduced Angptl proteins retained conserved sequence and structure motifs with the human homologues. In sea bream skin angptl1b, angptl2b, angptl4a, angptl4b and angptl7 transcripts were successfully amplified and they were differentially expressed during skin regeneration. In the first 2 days of skin regeneration, re-establishment of the physical barrier and an increase in the number of blood vessels was observed. During the initial stages of skin regeneration angptl1b and angptl2b transcripts were significantly more abundant (p < 0.05) than in intact skin and angptl7 transcripts were down-regulated (p < 0.05) throughout the 4-days of skin regeneration that was studied. No difference in angptl4a and angptl4b transcript abundance was detected during regeneration or between regenerating and intact skin. CONCLUSIONS The angptl gene family has expanded in teleost genomes. In sea bream, changes in the expression of angptl1b, angptl2b and angptl7 were correlated with the main phases of skin regeneration, indicating the involvement of ANGPTL family members in skin regeneration has been conserved in the vertebrates. Exploration of the fish angptl family in skin sheds new light on the understanding of the molecular basis of skin regeneration an issue of importance for disease control in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita A Costa
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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184
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Novel Regulators of Hemodynamics in the Pregnant Uterus. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 145:181-216. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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185
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Chen HA, Kuo TC, Tseng CF, Ma JT, Yang ST, Yen CJ, Yang CY, Sung SY, Su JL. Angiopoietin-like protein 1 antagonizes MET receptor activity to repress sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 64:1637-1651. [PMID: 27530187 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiopoietin-like protein 1 (ANGPTL1) has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. However, little is known about the effects of ANGPTL1 on sorafenib resistance and cancer stem cell properties in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the mechanism underlying these effects. Here, we show that ANGPTL1 expression positively correlates with sorafenib sensitivity in HCC cells and human HCC tissues. ANGPTL1 significantly decreases epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driven sorafenib resistance, cancer stemness, and tumor growth of HCC cells by repressing Slug expression. ANGPTL1 directly interacts with and inactivates MET receptor, which contributes to Slug suppression through inhibition of the extracellular receptor kinase/protein kinase B (ERK/AKT)-dependent early growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) pathway. ANGPTL1 expression inversely correlates with Slug expression, poor sorafenib responsiveness, and poor clinical outcomes in HCC patients. CONCLUSION ANGPTL1 inhibits sorafenib resistance and cancer stemness in HCC cells by repressing EMT through inhibition of the MET receptor-AKT/ERK-Egr-1-Slug signaling cascade. ANGPTL1 may serve as a novel MET receptor inhibitor for advanced HCC therapy. (Hepatology 2016;64:1637-1651).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsang-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Tseng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ti Ma
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Liang Su
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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186
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Abu-Farha M, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, Chandy B, Sriraman D, Alhubail A, Al-Refaei F, AlTerki A, Abubaker J. Increased ANGPTL3, 4 and ANGPTL8/betatrophin expression levels in obesity and T2D. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:181. [PMID: 27733177 PMCID: PMC5062897 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Angiopoietin like proteins particularly 3, 4 and recently 8 are well established regulators of plasma triglyceride level through regulating the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Plasma level and association between ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 is not well established in human subjects. This study was designed to establish the level of these proteins in plasma and adipose tissues and investigate the association between ANGPTL8 with ANGPTL3 and 4 in T2D and non-diabetics subjects. Methods A total of 235 subjects were enrolled in this study, 144 non-diabetics and 91 T2D. ANGPTL 3, 4 and 8 levels were measured in plasma by ELISA and using real time RT-PCR in adipose tissues. Results In this study, we showed that ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 were higher in T2D subjects. Dividing the non-diabetic subjects according to their BMI showed higher level of ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. No significant difference was observed between the T2D subjects. ANGPTL8 was showed positive correlation with ANGPTL3 in the non-diabetic subjects in the non-obese (r = 0.2437, p-Value = 0.0543) and obese subjects (r = 0.418, p-Value = 0.0125). No association was observed in the T2D subjects. On the other hand, ANGPTL4 was positively associated with the obese subjects in both the non-diabetics (r = 0.3322, p-Value = 0.0316) and the obese T2D subjects (r = 0.3161, p-Value = 0.0211). Conclusion In conclusion, our data shows that ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 are increased in obesity and T2D. ANGPTL8 associates with ANGPTL3 in the non-diabetic subjects while it associated more with ANGPTL4 in the obese and T2D subjects. Taken together, this data highlight the role of these proteins in metabolic diseases and how they interact with each other’s under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait.
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait
| | - Betty Chandy
- Tissue Banking Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Asma Alhubail
- Clinical Services Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Faisal Al-Refaei
- Clinical Services Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdulmohsen AlTerki
- Clinical Services Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 1180, Dasman, 15462, Kuwait.
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Siao-Pin S, Damian LO, Muntean LM, Rednic S. Acroosteolysis in systemic sclerosis: An insight into hypoxia-related pathogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3459-3463. [PMID: 27882179 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acro-osteolysis, or bony resorption of the terminal digital tufts, is a well-recognized, but under-researched, feature of systemic sclerosis. The mechanisms that disturbs local homeostatic balance of bone formation and resorption in favor of osteoclast activation and pathological bone loss remain to be established. Vascular alterations and reduced capillary density impair tissue oxygenation in systemic sclerosis, and the resulting hypoxia might contribute directly to the disease progression. In this paper we summarize the current evidence for hypoxia as the common pathophysiological denominator of digital vasculopathy and enhanced osteoclastic activity in systemic sclerosis-associated acroosteolysis. The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α and VEGF signaling has a critical role in regulating osteoclastic bone-resorption and angiogenesis, and increased osteoclastogenesis and higher VEGF levels may contribute to acroosteolysis in systemic sclerosis. The cells of the osteoblast lineage also have important roles in angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. The research in this field might help limiting the disability associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Siao-Pin
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura-Otilia Damian
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Mirela Muntean
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Rednic
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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188
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ANGPTL2 activity in cardiac pathologies accelerates heart failure by perturbing cardiac function and energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13016. [PMID: 27677409 PMCID: PMC5052800 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardioprotective response that alters ventricular contractility or promotes cardiomyocyte enlargement occurs with increased workload in conditions such as hypertension. When that response is excessive, pathological cardiac remodelling occurs, which can progress to heart failure, a leading cause of death worldwide. Mechanisms underlying this response are not fully understood. Here, we report that expression of angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) increases in pathologically-remodeled hearts of mice and humans, while decreased cardiac ANGPTL2 expression occurs in physiological cardiac remodelling induced by endurance training in mice. Mice overexpressing ANGPTL2 in heart show cardiac dysfunction caused by both inactivation of AKT and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)2a signalling and decreased myocardial energy metabolism. Conversely, Angptl2 knockout mice exhibit increased left ventricular contractility and upregulated AKT-SERCA2a signalling and energy metabolism. Finally, ANGPTL2-knockdown in mice subjected to pressure overload ameliorates cardiac dysfunction. Overall, these studies suggest that therapeutic ANGPTL2 suppression could antagonize development of heart failure. Heart responds to increased workload by enlarging cardiomyocytes to preserve function, but in pathologies hypertrophy leads to heart failure. Here the authors show that ANGPTL2 activity in the heart is critical for determining beneficial vs. pathological hypertrophy via its effect on AKT-SERCA2a signaling and myocardial energy.
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Zhao D, Yang LY, Wang XH, Yuan SS, Yu CG, Wang ZW, Lang JN, Feng YM. Different relationship between ANGPTL3 and HDL components in female non-diabetic subjects and type-2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:132. [PMID: 27620179 PMCID: PMC5020513 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a major lipoprotein regulator and shows positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in population studies and ANGPTL3 mutated subjects. However, no study has looked its correlation with HDL components nor with HDL function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We studied 298 non-diabetic subjects and 300 T2DM patients who were randomly recruited in the tertiary referral centre. Plasma levels of ANGPTL3 were quantified by ELISA. Plasma samples were fractionated to obtain HDLs. HDL components including apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), triglyceride, serum amyloid A (SAA), phospholipid and Sphingosine-1-phosphate were measured. HDLs were isolated from female controls and T2DM patients by ultracentrifugation to assess cholesterol efflux against HDLs. A Pearson unadjusted correlation analysis and a linear regression analysis adjusting for age, body mass index and lipid lowering drugs were performed in male or female non-diabetic participants or diabetic patients, respectively. Results We demonstrated that plasma level of ANGPTL3 was lower in female T2DM patients than female controls although no difference of ANGPTL3 levels was detected between male controls and T2DM patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 (164.6 ng/ml) associated with increase of 2.57 mg/dL cholesterol and 1.14 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 47.07 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of non-diabetic females (p < 0.05 for cholesterol and SAA; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I). By contrast, 1-SD increase of ANGPTL3 (159.9 ng/ml) associated with increase of 1.69 mg/dl cholesterol and 1.25 μg/mL apoA-I but decrease of 11.70 μg/L of SAA in HDL particles of female diabetic patients (p < 0.05 for cholesterol; p < 0.0001 for apoA-I; p = 0.676 for SAA). Moreover, one SD increase of ANGPTL3 associated with increase of 2.11 % cholesterol efflux against HDLs in non-diabetic females (p = 0.071) but decrease of 1.46 % in female T2DM patients (p = 0.13) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions ANGPTL3 is specifically correlated with HDL-c, apoA-I, SAA and HDL function in female non-diabetic participants. The decrease of ANGPTL3 level in female T2DM patients might contribute to its weak association to HDL components and function. ANGPTL3 could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for HDL metabolism for treating diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0450-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Long-Yan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Xu-Hong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Sha-Sha Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Cai-Guo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zong-Wei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Jia-Nan Lang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Department of Endocrinology, Lu He Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium.
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190
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Tanaka T, Imamura T, Yoneda M, Irie A, Ogi H, Nagata M, Yoshida R, Fukuma D, Kawahara K, Shinohara M, Nakayama H. Enhancement of active MMP release and invasive activity of lymph node metastatic tongue cancer cells by elevated signaling via the TNF-α-TNFR1-NF-κB pathway and a possible involvement of angiopoietin-like 4 in lung metastasis. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1377-84. [PMID: 27511626 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the role of TNF-α in tongue cancer metastasis, we made highly metastatic cells from a human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SAS) by repeating the passage in which the cells were injected into a nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized cervical lymph nodes. Cancer cells after 5 passages (GSAS/N5) increased invasive activity 7-fold in a TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1)-dependent manner and enhanced mRNA expression of TNF-α and TNFR1. In the highly metastatic cells, NF-κB activation was upregulated via elevated phosphorylation of Akt and Ikkα/β in the signaling pathway and secretion of TNF-α, active MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased. Suppression of increase of TNF-α mRNA expression and MMP secretion by NF-κB inhibitor NBD peptide suggested a positive feedback loop in GSAS/N5 cells; TNF-α activates NF-κB and activated NF-κB induces further TNF-α secretion, leading to increase of active MMP release and promotion of invasion and metastasis of the cells. GSAS/N5 cells that had been injected into the nude mouse tongue and harvested from metastasized lungs multiplied angiopoietin-like 4 (angptl4) expression with enhanced migration activity, which indicated a possible involvement of angptl4 in lung metastasis of the cells. These results suggest that TNF-α and angptl4 promote metastasis of the oral cancer cells, thus, these molecules may be therapeutic targets for patients with tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tanaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takahisa Imamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yoneda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Atsushi Irie
- Department of Immunogenetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hidenao Ogi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masashi Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ryoji Yoshida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenta Kawahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Shinohara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiological mechanisms and implications. J Hepatol 2016; 65:425-43. [PMID: 27091791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most frequent chronic liver diseases in the Western society and its prevalence is likely to rise even further. An increasing body of evidence shows that NAFLD is not only a potentially progressive liver disease, but also has systemic consequences. More specifically, evidence points out that NAFLD has to be considered as a significant independent risk factor for subclinical and clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). Long-term follow-up studies demonstrate cardiovascular mortality to be the most important cause of death in NAFLD patients. Moreover, ample evidence associates NAFLD with endothelial dysfunction, increased pulse wave velocity, increased coronary arterial calcifications and increased carotid intima media thickness, all established markers for CVD. Despite of all this evidence, the mechanisms by which NAFLD causally contributes to CVD are not fully elucidated. Furthermore, an extensive overview of all potential pathophysiological mechanisms and the corresponding current data are lacking. In this review we summarise current knowledge, originating from fundamental and clinical research, that mechanistically links NAFLD to CVD. Subsequently, the impact of CVD on current clinical practice and future research in the area of NALFD are discussed.
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192
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Wierzbicki AS, Viljoen A. Anti-sense oligonucleotide therapies for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2016; 16:1125-34. [PMID: 27248482 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1196182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies are a new development in clinical pharmacology offering greater specificity compared to small molecule inhibitors and the ability to target intracellular process' not susceptible to antibody-based therapies. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the chemical biology of ASOs and related RNA therapeutics. It then reviews the data on their use to treat hyperlipidaemia. Data on mipomersen - an ASO to apolipoprotein B-100(apoB) licensed for treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is presented. Few effective therapies are available to reduce atehrogenic lipoprotein (a) levels. An ASO therapy to apolipoprotein(a) (ISIS Apo(a)Rx) specifically reduced lipoprotein (a) levels by up to 78%. Treatment options for patients with familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (lipoprotein lipase deficiency; LPLD) or lipodystrophies are highly limited and often inadequate. Volanesorsen, an ASO to apolipoprotein C-3, shows promise in the treatment of LPLD and severe hypertriglyceridaemia as it increases clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and can normalise triglycerides in these patients. EXPERT OPINION The uptake of the novel ASO therapies is likely to be limited to selected niche groups or orphan diseases. These will include homozygous FH, severe heterozygous FH for mipomersen; LPLD deficiency and lipodystrophy syndromes for volanesorsen and treatment of patients with high elevated Lp(a) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Wierzbicki
- a Department of Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology , Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals , London , UK
| | - Adie Viljoen
- b Consultant in Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology , Lister Hospital , Stevenage , UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3, 4 and 8 have emerged as key regulators of plasma lipid metabolism by serving as potent inhibitors of the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In this review, we provide an integrated picture of the role of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism by focusing on their impact on LPL activity and plasma triglyceride clearance during physiological conditions such as fasting, refeeding, exercise and cold exposure. RECENT FINDINGS Upon refeeding, circulating ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 promote the replenishment of white adipose tissue depots by specifically inhibiting LPL activity in oxidative tissues. During exercise and cold exposure, ANGPTL4 represses local LPL activity to assure that plasma triglycerides are specifically shuttled to exercising muscle and brown adipose tissue, respectively. Overall, ANGPTL4 is the central component of a fatty acid-driven feedback mechanism that regulates plasma triglyceride hydrolysis and subsequent tissue fatty acid uptake in response to changes in lipid availability and cellular fuel demand. SUMMARY ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 together ensure that triglycerides from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are adequately distributed during different physiological conditions. The impact of the ANGPTLs on plasma lipid levels has led to scrutiny of ANGPTLs as therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieneke Dijk
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a leading cause of death in the United States. There is no cure for this disease, with current treatment strategies relying on blood pressure control through blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Such approaches only delay the development of end-stage kidney disease and can be associated with serious side effects. Recent identification of several novel mechanisms contributing to CKD development - including vascular changes, loss of podocytes and renal epithelial cells, matrix deposition, inflammation and metabolic dysregulation - has revealed new potential therapeutic approaches for CKD. This Review assesses emerging strategies and agents for CKD treatment, highlighting the associated challenges in their clinical development.
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Liu D, Song J, Ji X, Liu Z, Cong M, Hu B. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms on VEGFA and VEGFR2 With Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3413. [PMID: 27175642 PMCID: PMC4902484 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a cardiovascular disease which is contributed by abnormal neovascularization. VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) and VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) have been revealed to be involved in the pathological angiogenesis. This study was intended to confirm whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of VEGFA and VEGFR2 were associated with CHD in a Chinese population, considering pathological features and living habits of CHD patients.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 810 CHD patients and 805 healthy individuals. Six tag SNPs within VEGFA and VEGFR2 were obtained from HapMap Database. Genotyping of SNPs was performed using SNapShot method (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA). Odd ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association between SNPs and CHD risk.Under the allelic model, 6 SNPs of VEGFA and VEGFR2 were remarkably associated with the susceptibility to CHD. Genotype CT of rs3025039, TT of rs2305948, and AA of rs1873077 were associated with a reduced risk of CHD when smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes were considered, while homozygote GG of rs1570360 might elevate the susceptibility to CHD (all P < 0.05) for patients who were addicted to smoking or those with hypertension. All of the combined effects of rs699947 (CC/CA) and rs2305948 (TT), rs3025039 (TT) and rs2305948 (TT), rs3025039 (CT) and rs1870377 (AA) had positive effects on the risk of CHD, respectively (all P < 0.05). By contrast, the synthetic effects of rs69947 (CA/AA) and rs1870377 (TA), rs699947 (CA) and rs7667298 (GG), rs699947 (AA) and rs7667298 (GG), rs1570360 (GG) and rs2305948 (TT), as well as rs1570360 (GG) and rs1870377 (AA) all exhibited adverse effects on the risk of CHD, respectively (all P < 0.05).Six polymorphisms in VEGFA and VEGFR2 may have substantial influence on the susceptibility to CHD in a Han Chinese population. Prospective cohort studies should be further designed to confirm the above conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Liu
- From the Emergency Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Abu-Farha M, Abubaker J, Al-Khairi I, Cherian P, Noronha F, Kavalakatt S, Khadir A, Behbehani K, Alarouj M, Bennakhi A, Elkum N. Circulating angiopoietin-like protein 8 (betatrophin) association with HsCRP and metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:25. [PMID: 26850725 PMCID: PMC4743238 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ANGPTL8 also called betatrophin is a regulator of lipid metabolism through its interaction with ANGPTL3. It has also been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and beta-cell proliferation. Based on its function, we hypothesized that ANGPTL8 will play a role in Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). To test this hypothesis we designed this study to measure ANGPTL8 level in subjects with MetS as well as its association with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP) level in humans. Methods ANGPTL8 level was measured using ELISA in subjects with MetS as well as their controls, a total of 1735 subjects were enrolled. HsCRP was also measured and its association with ANGPTL8 was examined. Results ANGPTL8 level was higher in subjects with MetS 1140.6 (171.9–11736.1) pg/mL compared to 710.5 (59.5–11597.2) pg/mL in the controls. Higher levels of ANGPTL8 were also observed with the sequential increase in the number of MetS components (p value = <0.0001). ANGPTL8 showed strong positive correlation with HsCRP (r = 0.15, p value = <0.0001). Stratifying the population into tertiles according to the level of HsCRP showed increased ANGPTL8 level at higher tertiles of HsCRP in the overall population (p value = <0.0001).A similar trend was also observed in MetS and non-MetS subjects as well as in non-obese and obese subjects. Finally, multiple logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity and HsCRP level showed that subjects in the highest tertiles of ANGPTL8 had higher odds of having MetS (odd ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = (1.6–3.1), p value <0.0001. Conclusion In this study we showed that ANGPTL8 is increased in subjects with MetS and it was significantly associated with HsCRP levels in different subgroups highlighting its potential role in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | | | - Sina Kavalakatt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Abdelkrim Khadir
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman 15462, P.O. Box 1180, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | | | | | | | - Naser Elkum
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Clinical Epidemiology, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
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Update on the molecular biology of dyslipidemias. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 454:143-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hu K, Babapoor-Farrokhran S, Rodrigues M, Deshpande M, Puchner B, Kashiwabuchi F, Hassan SJ, Asnaghi L, Handa JT, Merbs S, Eberhart CG, Semenza GL, Montaner S, Sodhi A. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 upregulation of both VEGF and ANGPTL4 is required to promote the angiogenic phenotype in uveal melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7816-28. [PMID: 26761211 PMCID: PMC4884956 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-regulated gene product, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), correlates with tumor vascularity in patients with uveal melanoma (UM). While the relationship between HIF-1 and VEGF in cancer is well-studied, their relative contribution to the angiogenic phenotype in UM has not previously been interrogated. Here we evaluate the contribution of HIF-1, VEGF, and a second HIF-1-regulated gene product, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), to angiogenesis in UM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN UM cells were examined for expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, and ANGPTL4. Their contribution to the angiogenic potential of UM cells was assessed using the endothelial cell tubule formation and directed in vivo angiogenesis assays. These results were corroborated in tissue from UM animal models and in tissue from patients with UM. RESULTS Inhibition of VEGF partially reduced tubule formation promoted by conditioned medium from UM cells. Inhibition of ANGPTL4, which was highly expressed in hypoxic UM cells, a UM orthotopic transplant model, a UM tumor array, and vitreous samples from UM patients, inhibited the angiogenic potential of UM cells in vitro and in vivo; this effect was additive to VEGF inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Targeting both ANGPTL4 and VEGF may be required for the effective inhibition of angiogenesis in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,2 The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Murilo Rodrigues
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monika Deshpande
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brooks Puchner
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Syed Junaid Hassan
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Asnaghi
- 3 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James T. Handa
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannath Merbs
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,3 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- 4 Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Biological Chemistry, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Montaner
- 5 Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- 1 Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chung HS, Lee MJ, Hwang SY, Lee HJ, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Kim SM, Choi KM. Circulating angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) and ANGPTL3 concentrations in relation to anthropometric and metabolic profiles in Korean children: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:1. [PMID: 26739706 PMCID: PMC4702335 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), also called as betatrophin, acts together with ANGPTL3 to regulate lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Moreover, ANGPTL8 promotes proliferation of pancreatic β-cells and induces insulin secretion. However, there are no previous longitudinal studies in humans. Methods We analyzed the age- and sex-matched data of 240 normal weight and overweight Korean children from the Korean Metabolic disorders and Obesity Study in Elementary School children (K-MOSES), a prospective observational cohort study. Results At baseline, ANGPTL8 concentrations were positively associated with triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.168, P = 0.010), whereas ANGPTL3 levels were associated with fasting insulin (r = 0.248, P < 0.001) and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.197, P = 0.002). Although both ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL3 levels did not differ between children with normal weight and children with overweight, ANGPTL8 levels were increased in males compared to females (341.2 [267.4–436.5] vs. 270.2 [213.9–378.8] pg/ml, P = 0.001). In particular, there was no significant inter-relationship between circulating ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL3 concentrations in Korean boys and girls (r = −0.073, P = 0.265). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline ANGPTL8 concentrations were independently associated with future changes of serum TG levels in Korean children after adjusting for confounding factors after a 3 year follow-up period (r = −0.165, P = 0.016). Conclusions This longitudinal study demonstrated for the first time that baseline ANGPTL8 levels were associated with baseline and future changes in TG levels in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji-A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seon Mi Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; all of which increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A chronic state of inflammation appears to be a central mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and MetS. In this review, we summarize recent research which has provided insight into the mechanisms by which inflammation underlies the pathophysiology of the individual components of MetS including visceral adiposity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. On the basis of these mechanisms, we summarize therapeutic modalities to target inflammation in the MetS and its individual components. Current therapeutic modalities can modulate the individual components of MetS and have a direct anti-inflammatory effect. Lifestyle modifications including exercise, weight loss, and diets high in fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains, and low-fat dairy and low in saturated fat and glucose are recommended as a first line therapy. The Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets are especially beneficial and have been shown to prevent development of MetS. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet has been associated with reductions in total and cardiovascular mortality. Omega-3 fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists lower high levels of triglyceride; their role in targeting inflammation is reviewed. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone blockers comprise pharmacologic therapies for hypertension but also target other aspects of MetS including inflammation. Statin drugs target many of the underlying inflammatory pathways involved in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tarec K Elajami
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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