151
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Safaeizadeh M, Boller T. Differential and tissue-specific activation pattern of the AtPROPEP and AtPEPR genes in response to biotic and abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:e1590094. [PMID: 30907222 PMCID: PMC6512929 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1590094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana AtPEPR1 and AtPEPR2 act as the receptors for the endogenous AtPROPEP-derived Pep peptides and subsequently initiate defense-signaling cascades. In the previous work,9 the expression pattern of the genes encoding the PEPR receptors and the AtPROPEP peptide precursor proteins was studied using promoter-GUS reporter constructs. Here, using the same constructs to study their expression pattern under biotic and abiotic stress, including AtPep1, flg22, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and NaCl treatments, we observed that in response to AtPep1 and flg22, the activation of AtPEPR1 promoter was different from AtPEPR2. We also found that these promoters were differentially activated in response to NaCl. Remarkably, we showed that it is possible to classify the genes of the AtPROPEP family, based on the response of their promoters to the various stimuli employed: thus, we classify AtPROPEP1 in one group; AtPROPEP2 and AtPROPEP3 in a second group; AtPROPEP4, AtPROPEP7 and AtPROPEP8 in a third group and AtPROPEP5 in a fourth group. Our finding, confirm non-redundant roles among the members of the AtPROPEP family and their corresponding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Safaeizadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- CONTACT Mehdi Safaeizadeh ; ; Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boller
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Botany, Part of the Swiss Plant Science Web, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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152
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Lakkis S, Trotel-Aziz P, Rabenoelina F, Schwarzenberg A, Nguema-Ona E, Clément C, Aziz A. Strengthening Grapevine Resistance by Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2 Relies on Distinct Defense Pathways in Susceptible and Partially Resistant Genotypes to Downy Mildew and Gray Mold Diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1112. [PMID: 31620150 PMCID: PMC6759587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola and gray mold caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea are among the highly threatening diseases in vineyards. The current strategy to control these diseases relies totally on the application of fungicides. The use of beneficial microbes is arising as a sustainable strategy in controlling various diseases. This can be achieved through the activation of the plants' own immune system, known as induced systemic resistance (ISR). We previously showed that bacteria-mediated ISR in grapevine involves activation of both immune response and priming state upon B. cinerea challenge. However, the effectiveness of beneficial bacteria against the oomycete P. viticola remains unknown, and mechanisms underpinning ISR against pathogens with different lifestyles need to be deciphered. In this study, we focused on the capacity of Pseudomonas fluorescens PTA-CT2 to induce ISR in grapevine against P. viticola and B. cinerea by using two grafted cultivars differing in their susceptibility to downy mildew, Pinot noir as susceptible and Solaris as partially resistant. On the basis of their contrasting phenotypes, we explored mechanisms underlying ISR before and upon pathogen infection. Our results provide evidence that in the absence of pathogen infection, PTA-CT2 does not elicit any consistent change of basal defenses, while it affects hormonal status and enhances photosynthetic efficiency in both genotypes. PTA-CT2 also induces ISR against P. viticola and B. cinerea by priming common and distinct defensive pathways. After P. viticola challenge, PTA-CT2 primes salicylic acid (SA)- and hypersensitive response (HR)-related genes in Solaris, but SA and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in Pinot noir. However, ISR against B. cinerea was associated with potentiated ethylene signaling in Pinot noir, but with primed expression of jasmonic acid (JA)- and SA-responsive genes in Solaris, together with downregulation of HR-related gene and accumulation of ABA and phytoalexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lakkis
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | | | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Centre Mondial de l’Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection (RIBP), SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Aziz Aziz,
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153
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Chiu YS, Chen PY, Kuan T, Wang PC, Chen YJ, Yang YL, Yeh HH. A Polysaccharide Derived from a Trichosporon sp. Culture Strongly Primes Plant Resistance to Viruses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1257-1270. [PMID: 29877166 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-18-0012-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause devastating diseases in plants, yet no effective viricide is available for agricultural application. We screened cultured filtrates derived from various soil microorganisms cultured in vegetable broth that enhanced plant viral resistance. A cultured filtrate, designated F8 culture filtrate, derived from a fungus belonging to the genus Trichosporon, induced strong resistance to various viruses on different plants. Our inoculation assay found the infection rate of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-inoculated Nicotiana benthamiana with F8 culture filtrate pretreatment may decrease to 0%, whereas salicylic acid (SA)-pretreated N. benthamiana attenuated TMV-caused symptoms but remained 100% infected. Tracking Tobacco mosaic virus tagged with green fluorescence protein in plants revealed pretreatment with F8 culture filtrate affected the initial establishment of the virus infection. From F8 culture filtrate, we identified a previously unknown polysaccharide composed of D-mannose, D-galactose, and D-glucose in the ratio 1.0:1.2:10.0 with a α-D-1,4-glucan linkage to be responsible for the induction of plant resistance against viruses through priming of SA-governed immune-responsive genes. Notably, F8 culture filtrate only triggered local defense but was much more effective than conventional SA-mediated systematic acquired resistance. Our finding revealed that microbial cultured metabolites provided a rich source for identification of potent elicitors in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Chiu
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Pi-Yu Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Tung Kuan
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chen
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Liang Yang
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
| | - Hsin-Hung Yeh
- 1 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; and
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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154
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Xiaodong X, Olukolu B, Yang Q, Balint-Kurti P. Identification of a locus in maize controlling response to a host-selective toxin derived from Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causal agent of southern leaf blight. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2018; 131:2601-2612. [PMID: 30191251 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A host-selective, proteinaceous maize toxin was identified from the culture filtrate of the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. A dominant gene for toxin susceptibility was identified on maize chromosome 4. A toxic activity was identified from the culture filtrate (CF) of the fungus Cochliobolus heterostrophus, causal agent of the maize disease southern leaf blight (SLB) with differential toxicity on maize lines. Two independent mapping populations; a 113-line recombinant inbred line population and a 258-line association population, were used to map loci associated with sensitivity to the CF at the seedling stage. A major QTL on chromosome 4 was identified at the same locus using both populations. Mapping in the association population defined a 400 kb region that contained the sensitivity locus. By comparing CF-sensitivity of the parents of the RIL population with that of the F1 progeny, we determined that the sensitivity allele was dominant. No relationship was observed between CF-sensitivity in seedlings and SLB susceptibility in mature plants; however, a significant correlation (- 0.58) was observed between SLB susceptibility and CF-sensitivity in seedlings. The activity of the CF was light-dependent and was sensitive to pronase, indicating that the toxin was proteinaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Xiaodong
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, Guangxi, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7616, USA
| | - Bode Olukolu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7616, USA
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7616, USA
- College of Agronomy and State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7616, USA.
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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155
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Khare E, Mishra J, Arora NK. Multifaceted Interactions Between Endophytes and Plant: Developments and Prospects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2732. [PMID: 30498482 PMCID: PMC6249440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are present in all known plant species. The ability to enter and thrive in the plant tissues makes endophytes unique, showing multidimensional interactions within the host plant. Several vital activities of the host plant are known to be influenced by the presence of endophytes. They can promote plant growth, elicit defense response against pathogen attack, and can act as remediators of abiotic stresses. To date, most of the research has been done assuming that the interaction of endophytes with the host plant is similar to the plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes present in the rhizosphere. However, a new appreciation of the difference of the rhizosphere environment from that of internal plant tissues is gaining attention. It would be interesting to explore the impact of endosymbionts on the host’s gene expression, metabolism, and other physiological aspects essential in conferring resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. A more intriguing and inexplicable issue with many endophytes that has to be critically evaluated is their ability to produce host metabolites, which can be harnessed on a large scale for potential use in diverse areas. In this review, we discuss the concept of endophytism, looking into the latest insights related to the multifarious interactions beneficial for the host plant and exploring the importance of these associations in agriculture and the environment and in other vital aspects such as human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Khare
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Jitendra Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Arora
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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156
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Li X, Jousset A, de Boer W, Carrión VJ, Zhang T, Wang X, Kuramae EE. Legacy of land use history determines reprogramming of plant physiology by soil microbiome. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 13:738-751. [PMID: 30368524 PMCID: PMC6461838 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms associated with roots are thought to be part of the so-called extended plant phenotypes with roles in the acquisition of nutrients, production of growth hormones, and defense against diseases. Since the crops selectively enrich most rhizosphere microbes out of the bulk soil, we hypothesized that changes in the composition of bulk soil communities caused by agricultural management affect the extended plant phenotype. In the current study, we performed shotgun metagenome sequencing of the rhizosphere microbiome of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and metatranscriptome analysis of the roots of peanut plants grown in the soil with different management histories, peanut monocropping and crop rotation. We found that the past planting record had a significant effect on the assembly of the microbial community in the peanut rhizosphere, indicating a soil memory effect. Monocropping resulted in a reduction of the rhizosphere microbial diversity, an enrichment of several rare species, and a reduced representation of traits related to plant performance, such as nutrients metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis. Furthermore, peanut plants in monocropped soil exhibited a significant reduction in growth coinciding with a down-regulation of genes related to hormone production, mainly auxin and cytokinin, and up-regulation of genes related to the abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways. These findings suggest that land use history affects crop rhizosphere microbiomes and plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Institute for Environmental Biology, Ecology & Biodiversity, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse de Boer
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands.,Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Víctor J Carrión
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - Taolin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xingxiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China. .,Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yingtan, 335211, China.
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
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157
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Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Brugman S, Warden CH, Rebel JMJ, Folkerts G, Pieterse CMJ. How Can We Define "Optimal Microbiota?": A Comparative Review of Structure and Functions of Microbiota of Animals, Fish, and Plants in Agriculture. Front Nutr 2018; 5:90. [PMID: 30333981 PMCID: PMC6176000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All multicellular organisms benefit from their own microbiota, which play important roles in maintaining the host nutritional health and immunity. Recently, the number of studies on the microbiota of animals, fish, and plants of economic importance is rapidly expanding and there are increasing expectations that productivity and sustainability in agricultural management can be improved by microbiota manipulation. However, optimizing microbiota is still a challenging task because of the lack of knowledge on the dominant microorganisms or significant variations between microbiota, reflecting sampling biases, different agricultural management as well as breeding backgrounds. To offer a more generalized view on microbiota in agriculture, which can be used for defining criteria of “optimal microbiota” as the goal of manipulation, we summarize here current knowledge on microbiota on animals, fish, and plants with emphasis on bacterial community structure and metabolic functions, and how microbiota can be affected by domestication, conventional agricultural practices, and use of antimicrobial agents. Finally, we discuss future tasks for defining “optimal microbiota,” which can improve host growth, nutrition, and immunity and reduce the use of antimicrobial agents in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sylvia Brugman
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Craig H Warden
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurobiology Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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158
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Trinh CS, Jeong CY, Lee WJ, Truong HA, Chung N, Han J, Hong SW, Lee H. Paenibacillus pabuli strain P7S promotes plant growth and induces anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:264-272. [PMID: 29906776 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), the bacterial strain Paenibacillus pabuli P7S (PP7S), showed promising plant growth-promoting effects. Furthermore, it induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis. When co-cultivated with PP7S, there was a significant increase in anthocyanin content and biomass of Arabidopsis seedlings compared with those of the control. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed higher expression of many key genes regulating anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in PP7S-treated seedlings when compared with that of the control. Furthermore, higher expression of pathogen-related genes and microbe-associated molecular pattern genes was also observed in response to PP7S, indicating that the PGPR triggered the induced systemic response (ISR) in A. thaliana. These results suggest that PP7S promotes plant growth in A. thaliana and increases anthocyanin biosynthesis by triggering specific ISRs in plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Son Trinh
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Jeong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea; Odus R&D Center, 262 Daecheong-Ro, Samseong-myeon Eumseong-Gun, Chungcheongbuk-Do 369-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai An Truong
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhyun Chung
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- Odus R&D Center, 262 Daecheong-Ro, Samseong-myeon Eumseong-Gun, Chungcheongbuk-Do 369-830, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Whan Hong
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Bioenergy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoung Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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159
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Saganová M, Bokor B, Stolárik T, Pavlovič A. Regulation of enzyme activities in carnivorous pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. PLANTA 2018; 248:451-464. [PMID: 29767335 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes regulates enzyme activities by sensing stimuli from the insect prey. Protein is the best inductor mimicking the presence of an insect prey. Carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes have evolved passive pitcher traps for prey capture. In this study, we investigated the ability of chemical signals from a prey (chitin, protein, and ammonium) to induce transcription and synthesis of digestive enzymes in Nepenthes × Mixta. We used real-time PCR and specific antibodies generated against the aspartic proteases nepenthesins, and type III and type IV chitinases to investigate the induction of digestive enzyme synthesis in response to different chemical stimuli from the prey. Transcription of nepenthesins was strongly induced by ammonium, protein and live prey; chitin induced transcription only very slightly. This is in accordance with the amount of released enzyme and proteolytic activity in the digestive fluid. Although transcription of type III chitinase was induced by all investigated stimuli, a significant accumulation of the enzyme in the digestive fluid was found mainly after protein and live prey addition. Protein and live prey were also the best inducers for accumulation of type IV chitinase in the digestive fluid. Although ammonium strongly induced transcription of all investigated genes probably through membrane depolarization, strong acidification of the digestive fluid affected stability and abundance of both chitinases in the digestive fluid. The study showed that the proteins are universal inductors of enzyme activities in carnivorous pitcher plants best mimicking the presence of insect prey. This is not surprising, because proteins are a much valuable source of nitrogen, superior to chitin. Extensive vesicular activity was observed in prey-activated glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Saganová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina B2, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Stolárik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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160
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Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms trigger an innate immune response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8534. [PMID: 29867089 PMCID: PMC5986815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of plant innate immunity by natural and synthetic elicitors is a promising alternative to conventional pesticides for a more sustainable agriculture. Sugar-based bolaamphiphiles are known for their biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. In this work, we show that Synthetic Rhamnolipid Bolaforms (SRBs) that have been synthesized by green chemistry trigger Arabidopsis innate immunity. Using structure-function analysis, we demonstrate that SRBs, depending on the acyl chain length, differentially activate early and late immunity-related plant defense responses and provide local increase in resistance to plant pathogenic bacteria. Our biophysical data suggest that SRBs can interact with plant biomimetic plasma membrane and open the possibility of a lipid driven process for plant-triggered immunity by SRBs.
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161
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Ibort P, Molina S, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Aroca R. Molecular Insights into the Involvement of a Never Ripe Receptor in the Interaction Between Two Beneficial Soil Bacteria and Tomato Plants Under Well-Watered and Drought Conditions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:633-650. [PMID: 29384430 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0292-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Management of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be implemented to deal with sustainable intensification of agriculture. Ethylene is an essential component for plant growth and development and in response to drought. However, little is known about the effects of bacterial inoculation on ethylene transduction pathway. Thus, the present study sought to establish whether ethylene perception is critical for growth induction by two different PGPB strains under drought conditions and the analysis of bacterial effects on ethylene production and gene expression in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). The ethylene-insensitive never ripe (nr) and its isogenic wild-type (wt) cv. Pearson line were inoculated with either Bacillus megaterium or Enterobacter sp. strain C7 and grown until the attainment of maturity under both well-watered and drought conditions. Ethylene perception is crucial for B. megaterium. However, it is not of prime importance for Enterobacter sp. strain C7 PGPB activity under drought conditions. Both PGPB decreased the expression of ethylene-related genes in wt plants, resulting in stress alleviation, while only B. megaterium induced their expression in nr plants. Furthermore, PGPB inoculation affected transcriptomic profile dependency on strain, genotype, and drought. Ethylene sensitivity determines plant interaction with PGPB strains. Enterobacter sp. strain C7 could modulate amino-acid metabolism, while nr mutation causes a partially functional interaction with B. megaterium, resulting in higher oxidative stress and loss of PGPB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ibort
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Nascimento F, Vicente C, Cock P, Tavares M, Rossi M, Hasegawa K, Mota M. From plants to nematodes: Serratia grimesii BXF1 genome reveals an adaptation to the modulation of multi-species interactions. Microb Genom 2018; 4. [PMID: 29781797 PMCID: PMC6113876 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia grimesii BXF1 is a bacterium with the ability to modulate the development of several eukaryotic hosts. Strain BXF1 was isolated from the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease affecting pine forests worldwide. This bacterium potentiates Bursaphelenchus xylophilus reproduction, acts as a beneficial pine endophyte, and possesses fungal and bacterial antagonistic activities, further indicating a complex role in a wide range of trophic relationships. In this work, we describe and analyse the genome sequence of strain BXF1, and discuss several important aspects of its ecological role. Genome analysis indicates the presence of several genes related to the observed production of antagonistic traits, plant growth regulation and the modulation of nematode development. Moreover, most of the BXF1 genes are involved in environmental and genetic information processing, which is consistent with its ability to sense and colonize several niches. The results obtained in this study provide the basis to a better understanding of the role and evolution of strain BXF1 as a mediator of interactions between organisms involved in a complex disease system. These results may also bring new insights into general Serratia and Enterobacteriaceae evolution towards multitrophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Nascimento
- 2Information and Computer Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK.,1Nemalab/ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Vicente
- 1Nemalab/ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.,3Department of Environmental Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Peter Cock
- 2Information and Computer Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Maria Tavares
- 4Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio Rossi
- 4Departamento de Microbiologia, Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Koichi Hasegawa
- 3Department of Environmental Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Manuel Mota
- 1Nemalab/ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal.,5Departamento Ciências da Vida, EPCV Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, C. Grande 376, Lisboa, 1749-024, Portugal
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163
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Maradiaga N, Aldridge B, Zeineldin M, Lowe J. Gastrointestinal microbiota and mucosal immune gene expression in neonatal pigs reared in a cross-fostering model. Microb Pathog 2018; 121:27-39. [PMID: 29742464 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cross fostering is employed to equalize the number of piglet between litters ensuring colostrum intake for their survival and growth. However, little is known about the impact of cross fostering on the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immune gene expression of the neonatal pig. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of maternal microbial communities on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and mucosal immune gene expression in young pigs reared in a cross-fostering model. Piglets were given high quality colostrum from birth dam or foster dam upon birth. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned at birth to 1 of 3 treatments according to colostrum source and postcolostral milk feeding during, as follow: treatment 1 (n = 8), received colostrum and post-colostral milk feeding from their own dam; treatment 2 (n = 8), received colostrum from foster dam and returned to their own dam for post-colostral milk feeding; and treatment 3 (n = 8), received colostrum and post-colostral milk feeding from foster dam. Genomic DNA was extracted, and the V1-V3 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was also performed to quantify the expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, TLR 4, TLR 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (IFNγ), and interleukin (IL) 4 and IL 10. Data analysis revealed that microbial communities were varied according to the GI biogeographical location, with colon being the most diverse section. Bacterial communities in both maternal colostrum and vaginal samples were significantly associated with those present in the fecal samples of piglets. Cross-fostering did not affect bacterial communities present in the piglet GI tract. However, the mRNA expression of TLR and inflammatory cytokines changed (P < 0.05) with biogeographical location in the GI tract. Higher mRNA expression of TLR and inflammatory cytokines was observed in ileum and ileum associated lymph tissues. This study suggests an impact of colostrum and maternal microbial communities on the microbiota development and mucosal immune gene expression in the newly born piglet. This study revealed novel information about the distribution and expression patterns of TLR and inflammatory cytokines in the GI tract of the young pig. Future studies are needed to determine the role and clinical importance of the mucosal microbiota and mucosal gene expression in health, productivity, and susceptibility to the development of GI disease, in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Maradiaga
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Brian Aldridge
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - James Lowe
- Integrated Food Animal Management Systems, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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164
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Zhou Z, Tian Y, Cong P, Zhu Y. Functional characterization of an apple (Malus x domestica) LysM domain receptor encoding gene for its role in defense response. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 269:56-65. [PMID: 29606217 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Apple gene, MD09G1111800, was identified as a chitin binding receptor-like kinase based on sequence similarity to AtCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1) from Arabidopsis. Sequence analysis on genomic structure, domain composition and transcriptional response to exogenous chitin treatment indicated that MD09G1111800 is an ortholog to AtCERK1 and was therefore named as MdCERK1. Tissue specific expression patterns indicated that MdCERK1 is primarily functional in vegetative tissues of leaf and root, rather than flower, fruit and seed of apple plant. The transcriptional regulation patterns in response to infection by Rhizoctonia solani demonstrated that MdCERK1 is a functional pattern recognition receptor protein (PRR) in apple root tissues. The ability of purified GST-MdCERK1 fusion protein to bind chitin molecules added biochemical evidence for its role in chitin mediated immune responses. An untargeted proteomic approach was also employed for identifying its putative in vivo interaction partners in apple root cells, and results indicated the existence of a functional receptor complex. These data support the conclusion that MdCERK1 is a chitin binding receptor kinase functioning in apple vegetative tissues, which plays an important role in defense activation in response to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, PR China
| | - Yi Tian
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, PR China
| | - Peihua Cong
- Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, Liaoning, 125100, PR China.
| | - Yanmin Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, Wenatchee, WA, 98801, USA.
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165
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Smith A, Lovelace AH, Kvitko BH. Validation of RT-qPCR Approaches to Monitor Pseudomonas syringae Gene Expression During Infection and Exposure to Pattern-Triggered Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:410-419. [PMID: 29436925 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-17-0270-ta] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is an important model plant pathogen, with a fully annotated genome and multiple compatible plant hosts. Very few studies have examined the regulation of DC3000 gene expression in vivo. We developed a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to monitor transcriptional changes in DC3000 inoculated into Arabidopsis thaliana leaves during disease and exposure to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). In our approach, bacterial RNA concentrations in total tissue RNA are standardized using P. syringae-specific 16S ribosomal RNA primers. We validated multiple stable reference genes for normalization in calculating the relative expression of genes of interest. We used empirically derived rates of amplification efficiency to calculate relative expression of key marker genes for virulence-associated regulation. We demonstrated that exposure to PTI alters DC3000 expression of type III secretion system, coronatine synthesis genes, and flagellar marker genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Smith
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A.; and
| | - Amelia H Lovelace
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A.; and
| | - Brian H Kvitko
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A.; and
- 2 The Plant Center, University of Georgia
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166
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Clifton EH, Jaronski ST, Coates BS, Hodgson EW, Gassmann AJ. Effects of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on soybean aphid and identification of Metarhizium isolates from agricultural fields. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194815. [PMID: 29566067 PMCID: PMC5864058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial plants can harbor endophytic fungi that may induce changes in plant physiology that in turn affect interactions with herbivorous insects. We evaluated whether the application of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum to soybean seeds could become endophytic and affect interactions with soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). It was found that A. glycines population sizes increased on plants with M. brunneum (strain F52) seed inoculum, but no significant effects were shown with analogous treatments with B. bassiana (strain GHA). Fungi recovered from soybean plant tissues indicate that endophytism was established, and that B. bassiana was more prevalent. Metarhizium brunneum was only recovered from stems, but B. bassiana was recovered from stems and leaves. This work confirms that some entomopathogenic fungi can be endophytic in soybean, however, some of these fungi may have a negative effect on the plants by increasing susceptibility of soybean to A. glycines. We also used DNA sequence data to identify species of Metarhizium obtained from agricultural fields in Iowa. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data, found that all isolates were Metarhizium robertsii, which is consistent with past studies indicating a cosmopolitan distribution and wide host range for this species. These results are important for understanding the dynamics of implementing environmentally sustainable measures for the control of pest insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H. Clifton
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Stefan T. Jaronski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab, Sidney, Montana, United States of America
| | - Brad S. Coates
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Erin W. Hodgson
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Gassmann
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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167
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Stempien E, Goddard ML, Leva Y, Bénard-Gellon M, Laloue H, Farine S, Kieffer-Mazet F, Tarnus C, Bertsch C, Chong J. Secreted proteins produced by fungi associated with Botryosphaeria dieback trigger distinct defense responses in Vitis vinifera and Vitis rupestris cells. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:613-628. [PMID: 29043572 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (Eutypa dieback, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback) are caused by a complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, which severely reduce yields in vineyards. Botryosphaeria dieback is associated with Botryosphaeriaceae. In order to develop effective strategies against Botryosphaeria dieback, we investigated the molecular basis of grapevine interactions with a virulent species, Neofusicoccum parvum, and a weak pathogen, Diplodia seriata. We investigated defenses induced by purified secreted fungal proteins within suspension cells of Vitis (Vitis rupestris and Vitis vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer) with putative different susceptibility to Botryosphaeria dieback. Our results show that Vitis cells are able to detect secreted proteins produced by Botryosphaeriaceae, resulting in a rapid alkalinization of the extracellular medium and the production of reactive oxygen species. Concerning early defense responses, N. parvum proteins induced a more intense response compared to D. seriata. Early and late defense responses, i.e., extracellular medium alkalinization, cell death, and expression of PR defense genes were stronger in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera, except for stilbene production. Secreted Botryosphaeriaceae proteins triggered a high accumulation of δ-viniferin in V. vinifera suspension cells. Artificial inoculation assays on detached canes with N. parvum and D. seriata showed that the development of necrosis is reduced in V. rupestris compared to V. vinifera cv. Gewurztraminer. This may be related to a more efficient induction of defense responses in V. rupestris, although not sufficient to completely inhibit fungal colonization. Overall, our work shows a specific signature of defense responses depending on the grapevine genotype and the fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stempien
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - M-L Goddard
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-organique COB EA 4566, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, BP 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Y Leva
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - M Bénard-Gellon
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - H Laloue
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - S Farine
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - F Kieffer-Mazet
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - C Tarnus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-organique COB EA 4566, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3bis rue Alfred Werner, BP 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - C Bertsch
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France
| | - J Chong
- Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement LVBE EA 3991, Université de Haute-Alsace, 33 rue de Herrlisheim, BP 68008, Colmar Cedex, France.
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168
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Aldon D, Mbengue M, Mazars C, Galaud JP. Calcium Signalling in Plant Biotic Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E665. [PMID: 29495448 PMCID: PMC5877526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes, leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular variation in free Ca2+ concentration is among the earliest events following the plant perception of environmental change. These Ca2+ variations differ in their spatio-temporal properties according to the nature, strength and duration of the stimulus. However, their conversion into biological responses requires Ca2+ sensors for decoding and relaying. The occurrence in plants of calmodulin (CaM) but also of other sets of plant-specific Ca2+ sensors such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) indicate that plants possess specific tools and machineries to convert Ca2+ signals into appropriate responses. Here, we focus on recent progress made in monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long distance propagation during biotic interactions. The contribution of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant immune responses mounted against bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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169
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Nascimento FX, Rossi MJ, Glick BR. Ethylene and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) in Plant-Bacterial Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:114. [PMID: 29520283 PMCID: PMC5827301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and its precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) actively participate in plant developmental, defense and symbiotic programs. In this sense, ethylene and ACC play a central role in the regulation of bacterial colonization (rhizospheric, endophytic, and phyllospheric) by the modulation of plant immune responses and symbiotic programs, as well as by modulating several developmental processes, such as root elongation. Plant-associated bacterial communities impact plant growth and development, both negatively (pathogens) and positively (plant-growth promoting and symbiotic bacteria). Some members of the plant-associated bacterial community possess the ability to modulate plant ACC and ethylene levels and, subsequently, modify plant defense responses, symbiotic programs and overall plant development. In this work, we review and discuss the role of ethylene and ACC in several aspects of plant-bacterial interactions. Understanding the impact of ethylene and ACC in both the plant host and its associated bacterial community is key to the development of new strategies aimed at increased plant growth and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X. Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Márcio J. Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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170
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Islam W, Noman A, Qasim M, Wang L. Plant Responses to Pathogen Attack: Small RNAs in Focus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E515. [PMID: 29419801 PMCID: PMC5855737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNA) are a significant group of gene expression regulators for multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. In plants, many sRNA silencing pathways produce extensive array of sRNAs with specialized roles. The evidence on record advocates for the functions of sRNAs during plant microbe interactions. Host sRNAs are reckoned as mandatory elements of plant defense. sRNAs involved in plant defense processes via different pathways include both short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) that actively regulate immunity in response to pathogenic attack via tackling pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and other effectors. In response to pathogen attack, plants protect themselves with the help of sRNA-dependent immune systems. That sRNA-mediated plant defense responses play a role during infections is an established fact. However, the regulations of several sRNAs still need extensive research. In this review, we discussed the topical advancements and findings relevant to pathogen attack and plant defense mediated by sRNAs. We attempted to point out diverse sRNAs as key defenders in plant systems. It is hoped that sRNAs would be exploited as a mainstream player to achieve food security by tackling different plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Islam
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Liande Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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171
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Desaki Y, Kouzai Y, Ninomiya Y, Iwase R, Shimizu Y, Seko K, Molinaro A, Minami E, Shibuya N, Kaku H, Nishizawa Y. OsCERK1 plays a crucial role in the lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response of rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1042-1049. [PMID: 29194635 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) mediate the signals from microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that induce immune responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, is a common MAMP perceived by animals and plants; however, the plant receptors/co-receptors are unknown except for LORE, a bulb-type lectin S-domain RLK (B-lectin SD1-RLK) in Arabidopsis. OsCERK1 is a multifunctional RLK in rice that contains lysin motifs (LysMs) and is essential for the perception of chitin, a fungal MAMP, and peptidoglycan, a bacterial MAMP. Here, we analyzed the relevance of OsCERK1 to LPS perception in rice. Using OsCERK1-knockout mutants (oscerk1), we evaluated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) production and gene expression after LPS treatment. We also examined the LPS response in knockout mutants for the B-lectin SD1-RLK genes in rice and for all LysM-protein genes in Arabidopsis. Compared with wild-type rice cells, LPS responses in oscerk1 cells were mostly diminished. By contrast, rice lines mutated in either of three B-lectin SD1-RLK genes and Arabidopsis lines mutated in the LysM-protein genes responded normally to LPS. From these results, we conclude that OsCERK1 is an LPS receptor/co-receptor and that the LPS perception systems of rice and Arabidopsis are significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Desaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kouzai
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ninomiya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwase
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yumi Shimizu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Keito Seko
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Eiichi Minami
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hanae Kaku
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishizawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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172
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Expert D, Patrit O, Shevchik VE, Perino C, Boucher V, Creze C, Wenes E, Fagard M. Dickeya dadantii pectic enzymes necessary for virulence are also responsible for activation of the Arabidopsis thaliana innate immune system. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:313-327. [PMID: 27925401 PMCID: PMC6638122 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft-rot diseases of plants attributed to Dickeya dadantii result from lysis of the plant cell wall caused by pectic enzymes released by the bacterial cell by a type II secretion system (T2SS). Arabidopsis thaliana can express several lines of defence against this bacterium. We employed bacterial mutants with defective envelope structures or secreted proteins to examine early plant defence reactions. We focused on the production of AtrbohD-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), callose deposition and cell death as indicators of these reactions. We observed a significant reduction in ROS and callose formation with a bacterial mutant in which genes encoding five pectate lyases (Pels) were disrupted. Treatment of plant leaves with bacterial culture filtrates containing Pels resulted in ROS and callose production, and both reactions were dependent on a functional AtrbohD gene. ROS and callose were produced in response to treatment with a cellular fraction of a T2SS-negative mutant grown in a Pels-inducing medium. Finally, ROS and callose were produced in leaves treated with purified Pels that had also been shown to induce the expression of jasmonic acid-dependent defence genes. Pel catalytic activity is required for the induction of ROS accumulation. In contrast, cell death observed in leaves infected with the wild-type strain appeared to be independent of a functional AtrbohD gene. It was also independent of the bacterial production of pectic enzymes and the type III secretion system (T3SS). In conclusion, the work presented here shows that D. dadantii is recognized by the A. thaliana innate immune system through the action of pectic enzymes secreted by bacteria at the site of infection. This recognition leads to AtrbohD-dependent ROS and callose accumulation, but not cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Expert
- Laboratoire Interactions Plantes–PathogènesInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 16 rue Claude Bernard 75231Cedex 05 ParisFrance
- lnstitut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, ERL3559 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris‐Saclay, RD1078026Versailles CedexFrance
| | - Oriane Patrit
- Laboratoire Interactions Plantes–PathogènesInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 16 rue Claude Bernard 75231Cedex 05 ParisFrance
| | - Vladimir E. Shevchik
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F‐69622 Villeurbanne, France; INSA‐Lyon, F‐69621 Villeurbanne, France; CNRS UMR5240 Microbiologie, Adaptation et PathogénieF‐69622 VilleurbanneFrance
| | - Claude Perino
- Laboratoire Interactions Plantes–PathogènesInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 16 rue Claude Bernard 75231Cedex 05 ParisFrance
| | - Virginie Boucher
- Laboratoire Interactions Plantes–PathogènesInstitut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 16 rue Claude Bernard 75231Cedex 05 ParisFrance
- Present address:
Ecole Normale SupérieureInstitut de Biologie de l'ENS IBENS75005ParisFrance
| | - Christophe Creze
- Bases of Infectious Diseases, CNRS, UMR 5086F‐69367Lyon Cedex 07France
| | - Estelle Wenes
- lnstitut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, ERL3559 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris‐Saclay, RD1078026Versailles CedexFrance
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- lnstitut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, ERL3559 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris‐Saclay, RD1078026Versailles CedexFrance
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173
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Zhao W, Caro F, Robins W, Mekalanos JJ. Antagonism toward the intestinal microbiota and its effect on Vibrio cholerae virulence. Science 2018; 359:210-213. [PMID: 29326272 PMCID: PMC8010019 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a nanomachine that delivers toxic effector proteins into target cells, killing them. In mice, we found that the Vibrio cholerae T6SS attacks members of the host commensal microbiota in vivo, facilitating the pathogen's colonization of the gut. This microbial antagonistic interaction drives measurable changes in the pathogenicity of V. cholerae through enhanced intestinal colonization, expression of bacterial virulence genes, and activation of host innate immune genes. Because ablation of mouse commensals by this enteric pathogen correlated with more severe diarrheal symptoms, we conclude that antagonism toward the gut microbiota could improve the fitness of V. cholerae as a pathogen by elevating its transmission to new susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florence Caro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William Robins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John J. Mekalanos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Corresponding Author:
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174
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Claverie J, Balacey S, Lemaître-Guillier C, Brulé D, Chiltz A, Granet L, Noirot E, Daire X, Darblade B, Héloir MC, Poinssot B. The Cell Wall-Derived Xyloglucan Is a New DAMP Triggering Plant Immunity in Vitis vinifera and Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1725. [PMID: 30546374 PMCID: PMC6280107 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules that can activate the plant innate immunity. DAMPs can derive from the plant cell wall, which is composed of a complex mixture of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin polysaccharides. Fragments of pectin, called oligogalacturonides (OG), can be released after wounding or by pathogen-encoded cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) such as polygalacturonases (PGs). OG are known to induce innate immune responses, including the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), production of H2O2, defense gene activation, and callose deposition. Thus, we hypothesized that xyloglucans (Xh), derived from the plant cell wall hemicellulose, could also act as an endogenous elicitor and trigger a signaling cascade similar to OG. Our results indicate that purified Xh elicit MAPK activation and immune gene expression in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to trigger induced resistance against necrotrophic (Botrytis cinerea) or biotrophic (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis) pathogens. Xh also induce resveratrol production in grapevine cell suspension and callose deposition in Arabidopsis which depends on the callose synthase PMR4. In addition, we characterized some signaling components of Xh-induced immunity using Arabidopsis mutants. Our data suggest that Xh-induced resistance against B. cinerea is dependent on the phytoalexin, salicylate, jasmonate, and ethylene pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Claverie
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Suzanne Balacey
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | | | - Daphnée Brulé
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Annick Chiltz
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Granet
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Daire
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | | | - Marie-Claire Héloir
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Agroécologie, Agrosup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS ERL, Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Poinssot,
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175
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Hael-Conrad V, Perato SM, Arias ME, Martínez-Zamora MG, Di Peto PDLÁ, Martos GG, Castagnaro AP, Díaz-Ricci JC, Chalfoun NR. The Elicitor Protein AsES Induces a Systemic Acquired Resistance Response Accompanied by Systemic Microbursts and Micro-Hypersensitive Responses in Fragaria ananassa. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:46-60. [PMID: 28635519 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-17-0121-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The elicitor AsES (Acremonium strictum elicitor subtilisin) is a 34-kDa subtilisin-like protein secreted by the opportunistic fungus Acremonium strictum. AsES activates innate immunity and confers resistance against anthracnose and gray mold diseases in strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and the last disease also in Arabidopsis. In the present work, we show that, upon AsES recognition, a cascade of defense responses is activated, including: calcium influx, biphasic oxidative burst (O2⋅- and H2O2), hypersensitive cell-death response (HR), accumulation of autofluorescent compounds, cell-wall reinforcement with callose and lignin deposition, salicylic acid accumulation, and expression of defense-related genes, such as FaPR1, FaPG1, FaMYB30, FaRBOH-D, FaRBOH-F, FaCHI23, and FaFLS. All these responses occurred following a spatial and temporal program, first induced in infiltrated leaflets (local acquired resistance), spreading out to untreated lateral leaflets, and later, to distal leaves (systemic acquired resistance). After AsES treatment, macro-HR and macro-oxidative bursts were localized in infiltrated leaflets, while micro-HRs and microbursts occurred later in untreated leaves, being confined to a single cell or a cluster of a few epidermal cells that differentiated from the surrounding ones. The differentiated cells initiated a time-dependent series of physiological and anatomical changes, evolving to idioblasts accumulating H2O2 and autofluorescent compounds that blast, delivering its content into surrounding cells. This kind of systemic cell-death process in plants is described for the first time in response to a single elicitor. All data presented in this study suggest that AsES has the potential to activate a wide spectrum of biochemical and molecular defense responses in F. ananassa that may explain the induced protection toward pathogens of opposite lifestyle, like hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hael-Conrad
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Marisa Perato
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marta Eugenia Arias
- 2 Cátedra de Anatomía Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina, and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Av. Belgrano 300, 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Catamarca, Argentina; and
| | - Martín Gustavo Martínez-Zamora
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pía de Los Ángeles Di Peto
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Gabriel Martos
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Atilio Pedro Castagnaro
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Díaz-Ricci
- 1 Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Nadia Regina Chalfoun
- 3 Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA, CONICET-Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres). Av. William Cross 3150, T4101XAC, Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
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176
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Luo S, Zhang X, Wang J, Jiao C, Chen Y, Shen Y. Plant ion channels and transporters in herbivory-induced signalling. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:111-131. [PMID: 32291026 DOI: 10.1071/fp16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to many biotic stresses that plants face, feeding by herbivores produces unique mechanical and chemical signatures. Plants have evolved effective systems to recognise these mechanical stimuli and chemical elicitors at the plasma membrane (PM), where this recognition generates ion fluxes, including an influx of Ca2+ that elicits cellular Ca2+ signalling, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and variation in transmembrane potential. These signalling events also function in propagation of long-distance signals (Ca2+ waves, ROS waves, and electrical signals), which contribute to rapid, systemic induction of defence responses. Recent studies have identified several candidate channels or transporters that likely produce these ion fluxes at the PM. Here, we describe the important roles of these channels/transporters in transduction or transmission of herbivory-induced early signalling events, long-distance signals, and jasmonic acid and green leaf volatile signalling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuitian Luo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinfei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunyang Jiao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingbai Shen
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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177
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Pizarro L, Leibman-Markus M, Schuster S, Bar M, Avni A. SlPRA1A/RAB attenuate EIX immune responses via degradation of LeEIX2 pattern recognition receptor. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1467689. [PMID: 29944445 PMCID: PMC6103275 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1467689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) are plasma membrane (PM) proteins that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), triggering an immune response. PRR are classified as receptor like kinases (RLKs) or receptor like proteins (RLPs). The PM localization of PRRs, which is crucial for their availability to sense MAMPs, depends on their appropriate trafficking through the endomembrane system. Recently, we have identified SlPRA1A, a prenylated RAB acceptor type-1 (PRA1) from S. lycopersicum, as a regulator of RLP-PRR localization and protein levels. SlPRA1A overexpression strongly decreases RLP-PRR protein levels, particularly those of LeEIX2, redirecting it to the vacuole for degradation. Interestingly, SlPRA1A does not affect RLK-PRRs, indicating its activity to be specific to RLP-PRR systems. As PRA1 proteins stabilize RABs on membranes, promoting RABs activity, we aimed to identify a RAB target of SlPRA1A. Screening of a set of A. thaliana RABs revealed that AtRABA1e is able to mimic SlPRA1A activity. Through live cell imaging, we observed that SlPRA1A enhances AtRABA1e localization on SlPRA1A positive punctuated structures. These results indicate that AtRABA1e is a putative target of SlPRA1, and a co-regulator of LeEIX2 trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pizarro
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M. Leibman-Markus
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S. Schuster
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M. Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - A. Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- CONTACT A. Avni School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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178
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Barton IS, Fuqua C, Platt TG. Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of a model facultative pathogen: Agrobacterium and crown gall disease of plants. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:16-29. [PMID: 29105274 PMCID: PMC5764771 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many important pathogens maintain significant populations in highly disparate disease and non-disease environments. The consequences of this environmental heterogeneity in shaping the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of these facultative pathogens are incompletely understood. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the causative agent for crown gall disease of plants has proven a productive model for many aspects of interactions between pathogens and their hosts and with other microbes. In this review, we highlight how this past work provides valuable context for the use of this system to examine how heterogeneity and transitions between disease and non-disease environments influence the ecology and evolution of facultative pathogens. We focus on several features common among facultative pathogens, such as the physiological remodelling required to colonize hosts from environmental reservoirs and the consequences of competition with host and non-host associated microbiota. In addition, we discuss how the life history of facultative pathogens likely often results in ecological tradeoffs associated with performance in disease and non-disease environments. These pathogens may therefore have different competitive dynamics in disease and non-disease environments and are subject to shifting selective pressures that can result in pathoadaptation or the within-host spread of avirulent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Barton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Clay Fuqua
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Thomas G. Platt
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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179
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Thapa G, Gunupuru LR, Hehir JG, Kahla A, Mullins E, Doohan FM. A Pathogen-Responsive Leucine Rich Receptor Like Kinase Contributes to Fusarium Resistance in Cereals. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:867. [PMID: 29997638 PMCID: PMC6029142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases form the largest family of receptors in plants and play an important role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and modulating the plant immune responses to invasive fungi, including cereal defenses against fungal diseases. But hitherto, none have been shown to modulate the wheat response to the economically important Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease of small-grain cereals. Homologous genes were identified on barley chromosome 6H (HvLRRK-6H) and wheat chromosome 6DL (TaLRRK-6D), which encode the characteristic domains of surface-localized receptor like kinases. Gene expression studies validated that the wheat TaLRRK-6D is highly induced in heads as an early response to both the causal pathogen of FHB disease, Fusarium graminearum, and its' mycotoxic virulence factor deoxynivalenol. The transcription of other wheat homeologs of this gene, located on chromosomes 6A and 6B, was also up-regulated in response to F. graminearum. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the barley HvLRRK-6H compromised leaf defense against F. graminearum. VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in two wheat cultivars, CM82036 (resistant to FHB disease) and cv. Remus (susceptible to FHB), confirmed that TaLRRK-6D contributes to basal resistance to FHB disease in both genotypes. Although the effect of VIGS did not generally reduce grain losses due to FHB, this experiment did reveal that TaLRRK-6D positively contributes to grain development. Further gene expression studies in wheat cv. Remus indicated that VIGS of TaLRRK-6D suppressed the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid signaling, which is a key hormonal pathway involved in defense. Thus, this study provides the first evidence of receptor like kinases as an important component of cereal defense against Fusarium and highlights this gene as a target for enhancing cereal resistance to FHB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Thapa
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Lokanadha R. Gunupuru
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - James G. Hehir
- Crop Science Department, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Teagasc, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Amal Kahla
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Crop Science Department, Oak Park Crops Research Centre, Teagasc, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Fiona M. Doohan
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Fiona M. Doohan,
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180
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Chuberre C, Plancot B, Driouich A, Moore JP, Bardor M, Gügi B, Vicré M. Plant Immunity Is Compartmentalized and Specialized in Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1692. [PMID: 30546372 PMCID: PMC6279857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Roots are important organs for plant survival. In recent years, clear differences between roots and shoots in their respective plant defense strategies have been highlighted. Some putative gene markers of defense responses usually used in leaves are less relevant in roots and are sometimes not even expressed. Immune responses in roots appear to be tissue-specific suggesting a compartmentalization of defense mechanisms in root systems. Furthermore, roots are able to activate specific defense mechanisms in response to various elicitors including Molecular/Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, (MAMPs/PAMPs), signal compounds (e.g., hormones) and plant defense activator (e.g., β-aminobutyric acid, BABA). This review discusses recent findings in root defense mechanisms and illustrates the necessity to discover new root specific biomarkers. The development of new strategies to control root disease and improve crop quality will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Chuberre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Plancot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
| | - John P. Moore
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Bruno Gügi, Maïté Vicré,
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA4358, Rouen, France
- Fédération de Recherche “NORVEGE”- FED 4277, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Bruno Gügi, Maïté Vicré,
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181
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Pizarro L, Leibman-Markus M, Schuster S, Bar M, Meltz T, Avni A. Tomato Prenylated RAB Acceptor Protein 1 Modulates Trafficking and Degradation of the Pattern Recognition Receptor LeEIX2, Affecting the Innate Immune Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29545816 PMCID: PMC5838007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognize microbial/pathogen associated molecular patterns (MAMP/PAMP) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggering an immune response against pathogen progression. MAMP/PAMP triggered immune response requires PRR endocytosis and trafficking for proper deployment. LeEIX2 is a well-known Solanum lycopersicum RLP-PRR, able to recognize and respond to the fungal MAMP/PAMP ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX), and its function is highly dependent on intracellular trafficking. Identifying protein machinery components regulating LeEIX2 intracellular trafficking is crucial to our understanding of LeEIX2 mediated immune responses. In this work, we identified a novel trafficking protein, SlPRA1A, a predicted regulator of RAB, as an interactor of LeEIX2. Overexpression of SlPRA1A strongly decreases LeEIX2 endosomal localization, as well as LeEIX2 protein levels. Accordingly, the innate immune responses to EIX are markedly reduced by SlPRA1A overexpression, presumably due to a decreased LeEIX2 availability. Studies into the role of SlPRA1A in LeEIX2 trafficking revealed that LeEIX2 localization in multivesicular bodies/late endosomes is augmented by SlPRA1A. Furthermore, inhibiting vacuolar function prevents the LeEIX2 protein level reduction mediated by SlPRA1A, suggesting that SlPRA1A may redirect LeEIX2 trafficking to the vacuole for degradation. Interestingly, SlPRA1A overexpression reduces the amount of several RLP-PRRs, but does not affect the protein level of receptor-like kinase PRRs, suggesting a specific role of SlPRA1A in RLP-PRR trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pizarro
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Silvia Schuster
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tal Meltz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Adi Avni,
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182
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Leppyanen IV, Shakhnazarova VY, Shtark OY, Vishnevskaya NA, Tikhonovich IA, Dolgikh EA. Receptor-Like Kinase LYK9 in Pisum sativum L. Is the CERK1-Like Receptor that Controls Both Plant Immunity and AM Symbiosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:E8. [PMID: 29267197 PMCID: PMC5795960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are able to discriminate and respond to structurally related chitooligosaccharide (CO) signals from pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. In model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa LysM-receptor like kinases (LysM-RLK) AtCERK1 and OsCERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1) were shown to be involved in response to CO signals. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the pea Pisum sativum L. LysM-RLK PsLYK9 was chosen as a possible candidate given its role on the CERK1-like receptor. The knockdown regulation of the PsLyk9 gene by RNA interference led to increased susceptibility to fungal pathogen Fusarium culmorum. Transcript levels of PsPAL2, PsPR10 defense-response genes were significantly reduced in PsLyk9 RNAi roots. PsLYK9's involvement in recognizing short-chain COs as most numerous signals of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, was also evaluated. In transgenic roots with PsLyk9 knockdown treated with short-chain CO5, downregulation of AM symbiosis marker genes (PsDELLA3, PsNSP2, PsDWARF27) was observed. These results clearly indicate that PsLYK9 appears to be involved in the perception of COs and subsequent signal transduction in pea roots. It allows us to conclude that PsLYK9 is the most likely CERK1-like receptor in pea to be involved in the control of plant immunity and AM symbiosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Leppyanen
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
| | - Vlada Y Shakhnazarova
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
| | - Oksana Y Shtark
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda A Vishnevskaya
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
| | - Igor A Tikhonovich
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
| | - Elena A Dolgikh
- All Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608, Podbelsky Shosse 3, St.-Petersburg, 196608 Pushkin, Russia.
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183
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Ma Z, Ongena M, Höfte M. The cyclic lipopeptide orfamide induces systemic resistance in rice to Cochliobolus miyabeanus but not to Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1731-1746. [PMID: 28801742 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas- derived cyclic lipopeptide orfamide can induce resistance to Cochliobolus miyabeanus but not to Magnaporthe oryzae in rice. Abscisic acid signaling is involved in the induced systemic resistance response triggered by orfamide. Diverse natural products produced by beneficial Pseudomonas species have the potential to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants, and thus may contribute to control of diseases in crops. Some beneficial Pseudomonas spp. can produce cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs), amphiphilic molecules composed of a fatty acid tail linked to an oligopeptide which is cyclized. CLPs can have versatile biological functions, but the capacity of Pseudomonas-derived CLPs in triggering ISR responses has barely been studied. Pseudomonas protegens and related species can produce orfamide-type CLPs. Here we show that in rice, orfamides can act as ISR elicitors against the necrotrophic fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus, the causal agent of brown spot disease, but are not active against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Orfamide A can trigger early defensive events and activate transcripts of defense-related genes in rice cell suspension cultures, but does not cause cell death. Further testing in rice cell suspension cultures and rice plants showed that abscisic acid signaling, the transcriptional activator OsWRKY4 and pathogenesis-related protein PR1b are triggered by orfamide A and may play a role in the ISR response against C. miyabeanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwang Ma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Unit, Faculty of Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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184
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Kagan JC. Lipopolysaccharide Detection across the Kingdoms of Life. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:696-704. [PMID: 28551077 PMCID: PMC5624813 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies in recent years have uncovered a diverse set of eukaryotic receptors that recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. Indeed, Toll-like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, integrins, receptor-like kinases, and caspases have emerged as important LPS-interacting proteins. In this review, the mammalian receptors that detect LPS are described. I highlight how no host protein is involved in all LPS responses, but a single lipid (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) regulates many LPS responses, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis. I further describe LPS response systems that operate specifically in plants, and discuss potentially new LPS response systems that await discovery. This diversity of receptors for a single microbial product underscores the importance of host-microbe interactions in multiple kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Kagan
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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185
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Sun C, Lin M, Fu D, Yang J, Huang Y, Zheng X, Yu T. Yeast cell wall induces disease resistance against Penicillium expansum in pear fruit and the possible mechanisms involved. Food Chem 2017; 241:301-307. [PMID: 28958532 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The results from this study showed that cell wall prepared from Rhodosporidium paludigenum induced strong disease resistance against blue mold rot caused by Penicillium expansum in pear fruit. Yeast cell wall reduced germination of P. expansum in vitro and in fruit wounds after 24h of treatment. Moreover, the cell wall treatment significantly enhanced the activities of defense-related enzymes (β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase) and the genes expression of PR proteins (PR1-like, endoGLU9, endoCHI-like and PR4), which may be an important mechanism by which cell wall reduces the fungal disease of pear fruit caused by P. expansum. These findings suggest that the mechanism by which R. paludigenum induced fruit resistance was linked to the function of its cell wall and application of cell wall might be a useful strategy for the control of postharvest disease in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yining Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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186
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Scarpari M, Reverberi M, Parroni A, Scala V, Fanelli C, Pietricola C, Zjalic S, Maresca V, Tafuri A, Ricciardi MR, Licchetta R, Mirabilii S, Sveronis A, Cescutti P, Rizzo R. Tramesan, a novel polysaccharide from Trametes versicolor. Structural characterization and biological effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171412. [PMID: 28829786 PMCID: PMC5567496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms represent a formidable source of bioactive compounds. Some of these may be considered as biological response modifiers; these include compounds with a specific biological function: antibiotics (e.g. plectasin), immune system stimulator (e,g, lentinan), antitumor agents (e.g. krestin, PSK) and hypolipidemic agents (e.g. lovastatin) inter alia. In this study, we focused on the Chinese medicinal mushroom "yun zhi", Trametes versicolor, traditionally used for (cit.) "replenish essence and qi (vital energy)". Previous studies indicated the potential activity of extracts from culture filtrate of asexual mycelia of T. versicolor in controlling the growth and secondary metabolism (e.g. mycotoxins) of plant pathogenic fungi. The quest of active principles produced by T. versicolor, allowed us characterising an exo-polysaccharide released in its culture filtrate and naming it Tramesan. Herein we evaluate the biological activity of Tramesan in different organisms: plants, mammals and plant pathogenic fungi. We suggest that the bioactivity of Tramesan relies mostly on its ability to act as pro antioxidant molecule regardless the biological system on which it was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Scarpari
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Reverberi
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Parroni
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Valeria Scala
- Research Unit for Plant Pathology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy, Roma, Italy
| | - Corrado Fanelli
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Chiara Pietricola
- Sapienza University, Dept. of Environmental Biology, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Slaven Zjalic
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, HR, Zadar
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Maria R Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Roberto Licchetta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
| | - Simone Mirabilii
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Hematology, "Sant'Andrea" University Hospital Sapienza, University of Rome Roma
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187
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Hatsugai N, Igarashi D, Mase K, Lu Y, Tsuda Y, Chakravarthy S, Wei HL, Foley JW, Collmer A, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F. A plant effector-triggered immunity signaling sector is inhibited by pattern-triggered immunity. EMBO J 2017; 36:2758-2769. [PMID: 28811287 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since signaling machineries for two modes of plant-induced immunity, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), extensively overlap, PTI and ETI signaling likely interact. In an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant, in which four major sectors of the signaling network, jasmonate, ethylene, PAD4, and salicylate, are disabled, the hypersensitive response (HR) typical of ETI is abolished when the Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrRpt2 is bacterially delivered but is intact when AvrRpt2 is directly expressed in planta These observations led us to discovery of a network-buffered signaling mechanism that mediates HR signaling and is strongly inhibited by PTI signaling. We named this mechanism the ETI-Mediating and PTI-Inhibited Sector (EMPIS). The signaling kinetics of EMPIS explain apparently different plant genetic requirements for ETI triggered by different effectors without postulating different signaling machineries. The properties of EMPIS suggest that information about efficacy of the early immune response is fed back to the immune signaling network, modulating its activity and limiting the fitness cost of unnecessary immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hatsugai
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Daisuke Igarashi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.,Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mase
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Yayoi Tsuda
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Suma Chakravarthy
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hai-Lei Wei
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joseph W Foley
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Ludmer Center for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Collmer
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jane Glazebrook
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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188
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Brader G, Compant S, Vescio K, Mitter B, Trognitz F, Ma LJ, Sessitsch A. Ecology and Genomic Insights into Plant-Pathogenic and Plant-Nonpathogenic Endophytes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:61-83. [PMID: 28489497 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants are colonized on their surfaces and in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere by a multitude of different microorganisms and are inhabited internally by endophytes. Most endophytes act as commensals without any known effect on their plant host, but multiple bacteria and fungi establish a mutualistic relationship with plants, and some act as pathogens. The outcome of these plant-microbe interactions depends on biotic and abiotic environmental factors and on the genotype of the host and the interacting microorganism. In addition, endophytic microbiota and the manifold interactions between members, including pathogens, have a profound influence on the function of the system plant and the development of pathobiomes. In this review, we elaborate on the differences and similarities between nonpathogenic and pathogenic endophytes in terms of host plant response, colonization strategy, and genome content. We furthermore discuss environmental effects and biotic interactions within plant microbiota that influence pathogenesis and the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Brader
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Stéphane Compant
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Kathryn Vescio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Birgit Mitter
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003;
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189
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Zhou B, Zeng L. Elucidating the role of highly homologous Nicotiana benthamiana ubiquitin E2 gene family members in plant immunity through an improved virus-induced gene silencing approach. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:59. [PMID: 28736574 PMCID: PMC5521103 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been used in many plant species as an attractive post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) method for studying gene function either individually or at large-scale in a high-throughput manner. However, the specificity and efficiency for knocking down members of a highly homologous gene family have remained to date a significant challenge in VIGS due to silencing of off-targets. RESULTS Here we present an improved method for the selection and evaluation of gene fragments used for VIGS to specifically and efficiently knock down members of a highly homologous gene family. Using this method, we knocked down twelve and four members, respectively of group III of the gene family encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Assays using these VIGS-treated plants revealed that the group III E2s are essential for plant development, plant immunity-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of the gene NbRbohB that is required for ROS production, and suppression of immunity-associated programmed cell death (PCD) by AvrPtoB, an effector protein of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomons syringae. Moreover, functional redundancy for plant development and ROS production was found to exist among members of group III E2s. CONCLUSIONS We have found that employment of a gene fragment as short as approximately 70 base pairs (bp) that contains at least three mismatched nucleotides to other genes within any 21-bp sequences prevents silencing of off-target(s) in VIGS. This improved approach in the selection and evaluation of gene fragments allows for specific and efficient knocking down of highly homologous members of a gene family. Using this approach, we implicated N. benthamiana group III E2s in plant development, immunity-associated ROS production, and suppression of multiple immunity-associated PCD by AvrPtoB. We also unraveled functional redundancy among group III members in their requirement for plant development and plant immunity-associated ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Zhou
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Lirong Zeng
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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190
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Ma Y, Zhao Y, Berkowitz GA. Intracellular Ca2+ is important for flagellin-triggered defense in Arabidopsis and involves inositol polyphosphate signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3617-3628. [PMID: 28595359 PMCID: PMC5853439 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ increase is a crucial and early step of plant immunity evoked by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagellin (flg). Components responsible for this increase are still not uncovered, although current models of plant immune signaling portray extracellular Ca2+ influx as paramount to flg activation of defense pathways. Work presented here provides new insights into cytosolic Ca2+ increase associated with flg-induced defense responses. We show that extracellular Ca2+ contributes more to immune responses evoked by plant elicitor peptide (Pep3) than that evoked by flg, indicating an intracellular Ca2+ source responsible for immune responses evoked by flg. Genetic impairment of the inositol polyphosphate (InsP) and G-protein signal associated with flg perception reduced flg-dependent immune responses. Previous work indicates that prior exposure of Arabidopsis plants to flg leads to an immune response reflected by less vigorous growth of a pathogenic microbe. We found that this immune response to flg was compromised in mutants lacking the ability to generate an InsP or G-protein signal. We conclude that the recruitment of intracellular Ca2+ stores by flg may involve InsP and G-protein signaling. We also found a notable difference in contribution of intracellular stores of Ca2+ to the immune signaling evoked by another PAMP, elf18 peptide, which had a very different response profile to impairment of InsP signaling. Although Ca2+ signaling is at the core of the innate immune as well as hypersensitive response to plant pathogens, it appears that the molecular mechanisms generating the Ca2+ signal in response to different PAMPs are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Gerald A Berkowitz
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Correspondence:
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191
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Zhang X, Yang Q, Rucker E, Thomason W, Balint-Kurti P. Fine mapping of a quantitative resistance gene for gray leaf spot of maize (Zea mays L.) derived from teosinte (Z. mays ssp. parviglumis). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2017; 130:1285-1295. [PMID: 28342108 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-017-2888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study we mapped the QTL Qgls8 for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance in maize to a ~130 kb region on chromosome 8 including five predicted genes. In previous work, using near isogenic line (NIL) populations in which segments of the teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) genome had been introgressed into the background of the maize line B73, we had identified a QTL on chromosome 8, here called Qgls8, for gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance. We identified alternate teosinte alleles at this QTL, one conferring increased GLS resistance and one increased susceptibility relative to the B73 allele. Using segregating populations derived from NIL parents carrying these contrasting alleles, we were able to delimit the QTL region to a ~130 kb (based on the B73 genome) which encompassed five predicted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rucker
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wade Thomason
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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192
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Fatima S, Anjum T. Identification of a Potential ISR Determinant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 against Fusarium Wilt in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:848. [PMID: 28620396 PMCID: PMC5450013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biocontrol of plant diseases through induction of systemic resistance is an environmental friendly substitute to chemicals in crop protection measures. Different biotic and abiotic elicitors can trigger the plant for induced resistance. Present study was designed to explore the potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM12 in inducing systemic resistance in tomato against Fusarium wilt. Initially the bioactive compound, responsible for ISR, was separated and identified from extracellular filtrate of P. aeruginosa PM12. After that purification and characterization of the bacterial crude extracts was carried out through a series of organic solvents. The fractions exhibiting ISR activity were further divided into sub-fractions through column chromatography. Sub fraction showing maximum ISR activity was subjected to Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry for the identification of compounds. Analytical result showed three compounds in the ISR active sub-fraction viz: 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzene methanol (HMB), eugenol and tyrosine. Subsequent bioassays proved that HMB is the potential ISR determinant that significantly ameliorated Fusarium wilt of tomato when applied as soil drench method at the rate of 10 mM. In the next step of this study, GC-MS analysis was performed to detect changes induced in primary and secondary metabolites of tomato plants by the ISR determinant. Plants were treated with HMB and Fusarium oxysporum in different combinations showing intensive re- modulations in defense related pathways. This work concludes that HMB is the potential elicitor involved in dynamic reprogramming of plant pathways which functionally contributes in defense responses. Furthermore the use of biocontrol agents as natural enemies of soil borne pathogens besides enhancing production potential of crop can provide a complementary tactic for sustainable integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Fatima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Anjum
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
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193
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Islam MT, Rookes JE, Cahill DM. Active defence by an Australian native host, Lomandra longifolia, provides resistance against Phytophthora cinnamomi. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:386-399. [PMID: 32480572 DOI: 10.1071/fp16266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance is rare against the oomycete plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Only a limited number of species have been recorded as field-resistant species in Australia. However, understanding the nature of resistance of those species when grown under controlled conditions is challenging because of their slow growth and the inherent difficulties of working with a root pathogen. We assessed the Australian native species, Lomandra longifolia Labill., as a resistant species by analysing in detail the response of roots to infection by P. cinnamomi in a series of comparative tests with Lupinus angustifolius L., a highly susceptible species. Following inoculation of L. longifolia roots, lesion length and colonisation percentage were significantly less than in roots of the susceptible species. Moreover, there was no statistical difference in root growth rate, whole-plant FW and leaf relative chlorophyll content between controls and inoculated L. longifolia. We then examined three key cellular responses that are related to resistance: the production of the reactive oxygen species, H2O2, callose formation and lignin deposition in L. longifolia roots following inoculation with P. cinnamomi. The upregulation of these resistance-related components in the early hours after inoculation suggested their involvement in resistance and that this is controlled by the coordinated response of multiple components. Resistance assessment and a detailed investigation of cellular resistance components along with gene expression analysis provides a platform for further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance against this generalist pathogen and presents opportunities for manipulating susceptible species for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tohidul Islam
- Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vic., 3216, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vic., 3216, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vic., 3216, Australia
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194
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Vilakazi CS, Dubery IA, Piater LA. Identification of lipopolysaccharide-interacting plasma membrane-type proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:155-165. [PMID: 27936405 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an amphiphatic bacterial glycoconjugate found on the external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. This endotoxin is considered as a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecule and has been shown to elicit defense responses in plants. Here, LPS-interacting proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane (PM)-type fractions were captured and identified in order to investigate those involved in LPS perception and linked to triggering of innate immune responses. A novel proteomics-based affinity-capture strategy coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed for the enrichment and identification of LPS-interacting proteins. As such, LPS isolated from Burkholderia cepacia (LPSB.cep.) was immobilized on three independent and distinct affinity-based matrices to serve as bait for interacting proteins from A. thaliana leaf and callus tissue. These were resolved by 1D electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. Proteins specifically bound to LPSB.cep. have been implicated in membrane structure (e.g. COBRA-like and tubulin proteins), membrane trafficking and/or transport (e.g. soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, patellin, aquaporin, PM instrinsic proteins (PIP) and H+-ATPase), signal transduction (receptor-like kinases and calcium-dependent protein kinases) as well as defense/stress responses (e.g. hypersensitive-induced response (HIR) proteins, jacalin-like lectin domain-containing protein and myrosinase-binding proteins). The novel affinity-capture strategy for the enrichment of LPS-interacting proteins proved to be effective, especially in the binding of proteins involved in plant defense responses, and can thus be used to elucidate LPS-mediated molecular recognition and disease mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius S Vilakazi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
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195
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AbuQamar S, Moustafa K, Tran LS. Mechanisms and strategies of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:262-274. [PMID: 28056558 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1271767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotic factors affect plant immune responses and plant resistance to pathogen infections. Despite the considerable progress made over the past two decades in manipulating genes, proteins and their levels from diverse sources, no complete genetic tolerance to environmental stresses has been developed so far in any crops. Plant defense response to pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, is a complex biological process involving various changes at the biochemical, molecular (i.e. transcriptional) and physiological levels. Once a pathogen is detected, effective plant resistance activates signaling networks through the generation of small signaling molecules and the balance of hormonal signaling pathways to initiate defense mechanisms to the particular pathogen. Recently, studies using Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants have shown that many genes are involved in plant responses to B. cinerea infection. In this article, we will review our current understanding of mechanisms regulating plant responses to B. cinerea with a particular interest on hormonal regulatory networks involving phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). We will also highlight some potential gene targets that are promising for improving crop resistance to B. cinerea through genetic engineering and breeding programs. Finally, the role of biological control as a complementary and alternative disease management will be overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synan AbuQamar
- a Department of Biology , United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- b Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , Paris , France
| | - Lam Son Tran
- c Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,d Signaling Pathway Research Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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196
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Gu Z, Liu T, Ding B, Li F, Wang Q, Qian S, Ye F, Chen T, Yang Y, Wang J, Wang G, Zhang B, Zhou X. Two Lysin-Motif Receptor Kinases, Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2, Contribute to Resistance against Verticillium wilt in Upland Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2133. [PMID: 29326741 PMCID: PMC5733346 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysin-motif (LysM) receptor kinases (LYKs) play essential roles in recognition of chitin and activation of defense responses against pathogenic fungi in the model plants Arabidopsis and rice. The function of LYKs in non-model plants, however, remains elusive. In the present work, we found that the transcription of two LYK-encoding genes from cotton, Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2, was induced after Verticillium dahliae infection. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2 in cotton plants compromises resistance to V. dahliae. As putative pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), both Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2 are membrane-localized, and all three LysM domains of Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK2 are required for their chitin-binding ability. However, since Gh-LYK2, but not Gh-LYK1, is a pseudo-kinase and, on the other hand, the ectodomain (ED) of Gh-LYK2 can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in planta, Gh-LYK2 and Gh-LYK1 may contribute differently to cotton defense. Taken together, our results establish that both Gh-LYK1 and Gh-LYK12 are required for defense against V. dahliae in cotton, possibly through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianzi Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwen Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Baolong Zhang
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xueping Zhou
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197
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Gayatri G, Agurla S, Kuchitsu K, Anil K, Podile AR, Raghavendra AS. Stomatal Closure and Rise in ROS/NO of Arabidopsis Guard Cells by Tobacco Microbial Elicitors: Cryptogein and Harpin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1096. [PMID: 28680439 PMCID: PMC5478720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants use stomatal closure mediated by elicitors as the first step of the innate immune response to restrict the microbial entry. We present a comprehensive study of the effect of cryptogein and harpin, two elicitors from microbial pathogens of tobacco, on stomatal closure and guard cell signaling components in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant. Cryptogein as well as harpin induced stomatal closure, while elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in the guard cells of A. thaliana. Kinetic studies with fluorescent dyes revealed that the rise in ROS levels preceded that of NO in guard cells, when treated with these two elicitors. The restriction of NO levels in guard cells, even by ROS modulators indicates the essentiality of ROS for NO production during elicitor-triggered stomatal closure. The signaling events during elicitor-induced stomatal closure appear to converge at NADPH oxidase and ROS production. Our results provide the first report on stomatal closure associated with rise in ROS/NO of guard cells by cryptogein and harpin in A. thaliana. Our results establish that A. thaliana can be used to study stomatal responses to the typical elicitors from microbial pathogens of other plants. The suitability of Arabidopsis opens up an excellent scope for further studies on signaling events leading to stomatal closure by microbial elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunja Gayatri
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Agurla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Kazuyuki Kuchitsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Kondreddy Anil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Appa R. Podile
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of HyderabadHyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Agepati S. Raghavendra, ;
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198
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Birkenbihl RP, Kracher B, Roccaro M, Somssich IE. Induced Genome-Wide Binding of Three Arabidopsis WRKY Transcription Factors during Early MAMP-Triggered Immunity. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:20-38. [PMID: 28011690 PMCID: PMC5304350 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During microbial-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (MTI), molecules derived from microbes are perceived by cell surface receptors and upon signaling to the nucleus initiate a massive transcriptional reprogramming critical to mount an appropriate host defense response. WRKY transcription factors play an important role in regulating these transcriptional processes. Here, we determined on a genome-wide scale the flg22-induced in vivo DNA binding dynamics of three of the most prominent WRKY factors, WRKY18, WRKY40, and WRKY33. The three WRKY factors each bound to more than 1000 gene loci predominantly at W-box elements, the known WRKY binding motif. Binding occurred mainly in the 500-bp promoter regions of these genes. Many of the targeted genes are involved in signal perception and transduction not only during MTI but also upon damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity, providing a mechanistic link between these functionally interconnected basal defense pathways. Among the additional targets were genes involved in the production of indolic secondary metabolites and in modulating distinct plant hormone pathways. Importantly, among the targeted genes were numerous transcription factors, encoding predominantly ethylene response factors, active during early MTI, and WRKY factors, supporting the previously hypothesized existence of a WRKY subregulatory network. Transcriptional analysis revealed that WRKY18 and WRKY40 function redundantly as negative regulators of flg22-induced genes often to prevent exaggerated defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer P Birkenbihl
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Koeln, Germany
| | - Barbara Kracher
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Koeln, Germany
| | | | - Imre E Somssich
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Koeln, Germany
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199
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Vargas-Hernandez M, Macias-Bobadilla I, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Romero-Gomez SDJ, Rico-Garcia E, Ocampo-Velazquez RV, Alvarez-Arquieta LDL, Torres-Pacheco I. Plant Hormesis Management with Biostimulants of Biotic Origin in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1762. [PMID: 29081787 PMCID: PMC5645530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Over time plants developed complex mechanisms in order to adapt themselves to the environment. Plant innate immunity is one of the most important mechanisms for the environmental adaptation. A myriad of secondary metabolites with nutraceutical features are produced by the plant immune system in order to get adaptation to new environments that provoke stress (stressors). Hormesis is a phenomenon by which a stressor (i.e., toxins, herbicides, etc.) stimulates the cellular stress response, including secondary metabolites production, in order to help organisms to establish adaptive responses. Hormetins of biotic origin (i.e., biostimulants or biological control compounds), in certain doses might enhance plant performance, however, in excessive doses they are commonly deleterious. Biostimulants or biological control compounds of biotic origin are called "elicitors" that have widely been studied as inducers of plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The plant response toward elicitors is reminiscent of hormetic responses toward toxins in several organisms. Thus, controlled management of hormetic responses in plants using these types of compounds is expected to be an important tool to increase nutraceutical quality of plant food and trying to minimize negative effects on yields. The aim of this review is to analyze the potential for agriculture that the use of biostimulants and biological control compounds of biotic origin could have in the management of the plant hormesis. The use of homolog DNA as biostimulant or biological control compound in crop production is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Vargas-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Israel Macias-Bobadilla
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sergio de J. Romero-Gomez
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Chemistry, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Enrique Rico-Garcia
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Rosalia V. Ocampo-Velazquez
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Luz de L. Alvarez-Arquieta
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Irineo Torres-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Biosystems Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Faculty of Engineering, Campus Amazcala, Queretaro, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Irineo Torres-Pacheco,
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200
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Diaz-Mendoza M, Velasco-Arroyo B, Santamaria ME, Diaz I, Martinez M. HvPap-1 C1A Protease Participates Differentially in the Barley Response to a Pathogen and an Herbivore. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1585. [PMID: 28955371 PMCID: PMC5601043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Co-evolutionary processes in plant-pathogen/herbivore systems indicate that protease inhibitors have a particular value in biotic interactions. However, little is known about the defensive role of their targets, the plant proteases. C1A cysteine proteases are the most abundant enzymes responsible for the proteolytic activity during different processes like germination, development and senescence in plants. To identify and characterize C1A cysteine proteases of barley with a potential role in defense, mRNA and protein expression patterns were analyzed in response to biotics stresses. A barley cysteine protease, HvPap-1, previously related to abiotic stresses and grain germination, was particularly induced by flagellin or chitosan elicitation, and biotic stresses such as the phytopathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae or the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae. To elucidate the in vivo participation of this enzyme in defense, transformed barley plants overexpressing or silencing HvPap-1 encoding gene were subjected to M. oryzae infection or T. urticae infestation. Whereas overexpressing plants were less susceptible to the fungus than silencing plants, the opposite behavior occurred to the mite. This unexpected result highlights the complexity of the regulatory events leading to the response to a particular biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Velasco-Arroyo
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal, Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Agronomica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Martinez,
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