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Pérez-Mato M, Iglesias-Rey R, Vieites-Prado A, Dopico-López A, Argibay B, Fernández-Susavila H, da Silva-Candal A, Pérez-Díaz A, Correa-Paz C, Günther A, Ávila-Gómez P, Isabel Loza M, Baumann A, Castillo J, Sobrino T, Campos F. Blood glutamate EAAT 2-cell grabbing therapy in cerebral ischemia. EBioMedicine 2018; 39:118-131. [PMID: 30555045 PMCID: PMC6354443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) plays a pivotal role in glutamate clearance in the adult brain, thereby preventing excitotoxic effects. Considering the high efficacy of EAAT2 for glutamate uptake, we hypothesized that the expression of this transporter in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for systemic administration could yield a cell-based glutamate-grabbing therapy, combining the intrinsic properties of these cells with excitotoxic protection. Methods To address this hypothesis, EAAT2-encoding cDNA was introduced into MSCs and human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK cells) as the control cell line. EAAT2 expression and functionality were evaluated by in vitro assays. Blood glutamate-grabbing activity was tested in healthy and ischemic rat models treated with 3 × 106 and 9 × 106 cells/animal. Findings The expression of EAAT2 in both cell types conferred the expected glutamate-grabbing activity in in vitro and in vivo studies. The functional improvement observed in ischemic rats treated with EAAT2–HEK at low dose, confirmed that this effect was indeed mediated by the glutamate-grabbing activity associated with EAAT2 functionality. Unexpectedly, both cell doses of non-transfected MSCs induced higher protection than transfected EAAT2–MSCs by another mechanism independent of the glutamate-grabbing capacity. Interpretation Although the transfection procedure most likely interferes with some of the intrinsic protective mechanisms of mesenchymal cells, the results show that the induced expression of EAAT2 in cells represents a novel alternative to mitigate the excitotoxic effects of glutamate and paves the way to combine this strategy with current cell therapies for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez-Mato
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Vieites-Prado
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Dopico-López
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bárbara Argibay
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Héctor Fernández-Susavila
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrés da Silva-Candal
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Amparo Pérez-Díaz
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Correa-Paz
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Complex Systems-Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Paulo Ávila-Gómez
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Arnd Baumann
- Institute of Complex Systems-Cellular Biophysics (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - José Castillo
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Francisco Campos
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Department of Neurology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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152
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Villatoro AJ, Hermida-Prieto M, Fernández V, Fariñas F, Alcoholado C, Rodríguez-García MI, Mariñas-Pardo L, Becerra J. Allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in dogs with refractory atopic dermatitis: clinical efficacy and safety. Vet Rec 2018; 183:654. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Villatoro
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga, IBIMA; Málaga Spain
- Cellular Therapy Unit; Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Celular (IMMUNESTEM); Málaga Spain
| | | | - Viviana Fernández
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga, IBIMA; Málaga Spain
- Cellular Therapy Unit; Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Celular (IMMUNESTEM); Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Fariñas
- Cellular Therapy Unit; Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Celular (IMMUNESTEM); Málaga Spain
| | - Cristina Alcoholado
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga, IBIMA; Málaga Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - José Becerra
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences; University of Málaga, IBIMA; Málaga Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN); Madrid Spain
- Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND; Málaga Spain
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153
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Najar M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Faour WH, Merimi M, Sokal EM, Lombard CA, Fahmi H. Immunological modulation following bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and Th17 lymphocyte co-cultures. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:203-213. [PMID: 30506263 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective of the study is to uncover the influence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes in co-cultures of both BM-MSCs and T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS BM-MSCs, characterized according to the international society for cellular therapy (ISCT) criteria, were co-cultured with T cells isolated from peripheral blood. The expression levels of IL-17 receptor, RORγt and IL-23 receptor were evaluated using flow cytometry. The levels of cytokines involved in Th17 immunomodulation were measured using multiplex assay. TREATMENT Inflammatory primed and non-primed BM-MSCs were co-cultured with either activated or non-activated T cells either at (1/80) and (1/5) ratio respectively. RESULTS MSC/T-cell ratio and inflammation significantly influenced the effect of BM-MSCs on the generation of Th17 lymphocytes. Cocultures of either primed or non-primed BM-MSCs with activated T cells significantly induced IL-17A-expressing lymphocytes. Interestingly, the expression of the transcription factor RORγt was significantly increased when compared to levels in activated T cells. Finally, both cell ratio and priming of BM-MSCs with cytokines substantially influenced the cytokine profile of BM-MSCs and T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BM-MSCs significantly modulate the Th17 lymphocyte pathway in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Pharmacology, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Physiology, Ethnopharmacology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Etienne M Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine A Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale and Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, R11.424, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
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154
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Mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned by staphylococcal enterotoxin B enhance survival and bacterial clearance in murine sepsis model. Cytotherapy 2018; 21:41-53. [PMID: 30477894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a health-threatening progressive infectious disease, is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cell therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an innovative strategy with excessive therapeutic potential in the treatment of sepsis. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) preconditioning aims to prolong the interval of survival of transplanted MSCs which induces the production of cytoprotective agents, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory factors. The MSCs were preconditioned with an optimum dose of SEB (470 μmol/L). The expression levels of apoptosis genes and antibacterial activity of MSC and SEB-MSC and their conditioned medium (CM), as well as cell survival, were studied in vitro in an oxidative stress and serum deprivation condition. Following treatment of the septic mice with MSCs and SEB-MSCs, pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines, hematological factors, bacterial clearance and animal survival were assessed. The apoptotic and pro-inflammatory cytokine's genes expression was down-regulated while antibacterial peptides and anti-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in SEB-MSC-treated mice. The animal survival rates were improved; bacterial clearance was enhanced in the peritoneal fluids, blood and organs; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were reduced in blood, compared with saline and MSCs alone. This research concludes that transplantation of SEB-MSCs presents improved therapeutic effects on a live bacterial model of sepsis.
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155
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Muhammad SA, Nordin N, Fakurazi S. Regenerative potential of secretome from dental stem cells: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:321-332. [PMID: 29220331 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to tissues is a major clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells. Stem cell therapy is evolving rapidly as an alternative for tissue regeneration. However, increasing evidence suggests that the regenerative ability of stem cells is mainly mediated by paracrine actions of secretome that are generally secreted by the cells. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of dental stem cell (DSC)-conditioned medium in in vivo animal models of various tissue defects. A total of 15 eligible studies was included by searching Pubmed, Scopus and Medline databases up to August 2017. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool. Of 15 studies, seven reported the therapeutic benefit of the conditioned medium on neurological diseases and three reported on joint/bone-related defects. Two interventions were on liver diseases, whereas the remaining three addressed myocardial infarction and reperfusion, lung injury and diabetes. Nine studies were performed using mouse models and the remaining six studies used rat models. The methodological quality of the studies was low, as most of the key elements required in reports of preclinical studies were not reported. The findings of this review suggested that conditioned medium from DSCs improved tissue regeneration and functional recovery. This current review strengthens the therapeutic benefit of cell-free product for tissue repair in animal models. A well-planned study utilizing validated outcome measures and long-term safety studies are required for possible translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience and Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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156
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Fra-2 Expression in Osteoblasts Regulates Systemic Inflammation and Lung Injury through Osteopontin. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00022-18. [PMID: 30181393 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00022-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses require mobilization of innate immune cells from the bone marrow. The functionality of this process depends on the state of the bone marrow microenvironment. We therefore hypothesized that molecular changes in osteoblasts, which are essential stromal cells of the bone marrow microenvironment, influence the inflammatory response. Here, we show that osteoblast-specific expression of the AP-1 transcription factor Fra-2 (Fra-2Ob-tet) induced a systemic inflammatory state with infiltration of neutrophils and proinflammatory macrophages into the spleen and liver as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By in vivo inhibition of osteopontin (OPN) in Fra-2Ob-tet mice, we demonstrated that this process was dependent on OPN expression, which mediates alterations of the bone marrow niche. OPN expression was transcriptionally enhanced by Fra-2 and stimulated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion. Furthermore, in a murine lung injury model, Fra-2Ob-tet mice showed increased inflammatory responses and more severe disease features via an enhanced and sustained inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our findings demonstrate for the first time that molecular changes in osteoblasts influence the susceptibility to inflammation by altering evasion of innate immune cells from the bone marrow space.
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157
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New Approaches to Treat Osteoarthritis with Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5373294. [PMID: 30305819 PMCID: PMC6165608 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5373294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common chronic health problems in the world that causes disability and chronic pain with reduced mobility and is a progressive degenerative disease in weight-bearing joints such as the knee. The pathology of the joint resulting from OA includes loss of cartilage volume and cartilage lesions leading to inflammation of the articular joint structures; its incidence and progression are associated with a variety of risk factors. Most of the current treatments focus on symptom management such as physical and occupational therapies, pharmacological intervention for pain management, and surgical intervention with limited success and do not address nor halt the progression of the disease. In this review, we will describe the current treatment options for OA and the exciting new translational medical research currently underway utilising mesenchymal stem cells for OA therapy.
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158
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Pro inflammatory stimuli enhance the immunosuppressive functions of adipose mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13325. [PMID: 30190615 PMCID: PMC6127134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The predominant mechanism by which adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) participate to tissue repair is through a paracrine activity and their communication with the inflammatory microenvironment is essential part of this process. This hypothesis has been strengthened by the recent discovery that stem cells release not only soluble factors but also extracellular vesicles, which elicit similar biological activity to the stem cells themselves. We demonstrated that the treatment with inflammatory cytokines increases the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory potential of AMSCs-derived exosomes, which acquire the ability to shift macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype by shuttling miRNA regulating macrophages polarization. This suggests that the immunomodulatory properties of AMSCs-derived exosomes may be not constitutive, but are instead induced by the inflammatory microenvironment.
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159
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Pereira Chilima TD, Moncaubeig F, Farid SS. Impact of allogeneic stem cell manufacturing decisions on cost of goods, process robustness and reimbursement. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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160
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Liu HM, Lin R, Song Y, Liu WT. Adoptive immunotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1434-1438. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i24.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease caused by an autoimmune disorder, which has attracted more and more attention due to its unique clinical and pathological features. European epidemiological data show that the incidence of AIH is increasing year by year, but its pathogenesis is not yet clear, and the targeted treatments are limited. Immunotherapy of autoimmune hepatitis has been extensively studied in recent years, especially in the area of adoptive immunotherapy. In this paper, we summarize the functional mechanism and clinical applications of adoptive immunotherapy with different kinds of immunocompetent cells in the treatment of AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Wen-Tian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
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161
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Abbaspanah B, Momeni M, Ebrahimi M, Mousavi SH. Advances in perinatal stem cells research: a precious cell source for clinical applications. Regen Med 2018; 13:595-610. [PMID: 30129876 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal tissues possess numerous types of stem (stromal) cells, which are considered effective candidates for cell therapy. These tissues possess common characteristics of both embryonic and adult stem cells, and cell therapists have begun to use perinatal stem cells to treat several diseases. Despite their benefits, these cells are considered biological waste and usually discarded after delivery. This review highlights the characteristics and potential clinical applications in regenerative medicine of perinatal stem cell sources - cord blood hematopoietic stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic membrane stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, amniotic epithelial cells and chorionic mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Momeni
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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162
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Chronic Niche Inflammation in Endometriosis-Associated Infertility: Current Understanding and Future Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082385. [PMID: 30104541 PMCID: PMC6121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease that affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age and accounts for up to 50% of female infertility cases. It has been highly associated with poorer outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART), including decreased oocyte retrieval, lower implantation, and pregnancy rates. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of endometriosis-associated infertility is crucial for improving infertility treatment outcomes. Current theories regarding how endometriosis reduces fertility include anatomical distortion, ovulatory dysfunction, and niche inflammation-associated peritoneal or implantation defects. This review will survey the latest evidence on the role of inflammatory niche in the peritoneal cavity, ovaries, and uterus of endometriosis patients. Nonhormone treatment strategies that target these inflammation processes are also included. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies are highlighted for potential endometriosis treatment because of their immunomodulatory effects and tropism toward inflamed lesion foci. Potential applications of stem cell therapy in treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility in particular for safety and efficacy are discussed.
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163
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Li J, Yawno T, Sutherland AE, Gurung S, Paton M, McDonald C, Tiwari A, Pham Y, Castillo-Melendez M, Jenkin G, Miller SL. Preterm umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells protect preterm white matter brain development against hypoxia-ischemia. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:120-131. [PMID: 30012511 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm infants are at high risk for white matter injury and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) have anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory actions and are of interest for neural repair in adults and newborns. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of allogeneic MSC, derived from preterm umbilical cord blood (UCB), in a preterm sheep model of white matter injury. METHODS Quad-lineage differentiation, clonogenicity and self-renewal ability of UCB-derived MSC were confirmed. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep (0.7 gestation) received either 25 min hypoxia-ischemia (HI) to induce preterm brain injury, or sham-HI. Ten million MSC, or saline, were administered iv to fetuses at 12 h after HI. Fetal brains were collected 10d after HI for histopathology and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS HI induced white matter injury, as indicated by a reduction in CNPase-positive myelin fiber density. HI also induced microglial activation (Iba-1) in the periventricular white matter and internal capsule (P < .05 vs control). MSC administration following HI preserved myelination (P < .05), modified microglial activation, and promoted macrophage migration (CD163) and cell proliferation (Ki-67) within cerebral white matter (P < .05). Cerebral CXCL10 concentration was increased following MSC administration (P < .05), which was likely associated with macrophage migration and cell proliferation within the preterm brain. Additionally, MSC administration reduced systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα at 3d post-HI (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS UCB-derived MSC therapy preserved white matter brain structure following preterm HI, mediated by a suppression of microglial activation, promotion of macrophage migration and acceleration of self-repair within the preterm brain. UCB-derived MSC are neuroprotective, acting via peripheral and cerebral anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tamara Yawno
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E Sutherland
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanti Gurung
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Madison Paton
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Courtney McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Abhilasha Tiwari
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yen Pham
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Graham Jenkin
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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164
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Rink BE, Beyer T, French HM, Watson E, Aurich C, Donadeu FX. The Fate of Autologous Endometrial Mesenchymal Stromal Cells After Application in the Healthy Equine Uterus. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1046-1052. [PMID: 29790424 PMCID: PMC6067096 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their distinct differentiation, immunomodulatory, and migratory capacities, endometrial mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may provide an optimum source of therapeutic cells not only in relation to the uterus but also for regeneration of other tissues. This study reports the fate of endometrial MSCs following intrauterine application in mares. Stromal cell fractions were isolated from endometrial biopsies taken from seven reproductively healthy mares, expanded, and fluorescence labeled in culture. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or MSCs (15 × 106) were autologously infused into each uterine horn during early diestrus and subsequently tracked by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry of endometrial biopsies and blood samples taken periodically after infusion. The inflammatory response to cell infusion was monitored in endometrial cytology samples. MSCs were detected in endometrial sections at 6, 12, and 24 h, but not later (7 or 14 days), after cell infusion. Cells were in all cases located in the uterine lumen, never within the endometrial tissue. No fluorescence signal was detected in blood samples at any time point after infusion. Cytology analyses showed an increase in % of polymorphonuclear neutrophils between 1 and 3 h after uterine infusion with either MSCs or PBS and a further increase by 6 h only in mares infused with PBS. In summary, endometrial MSCs were detected in the uterine lumen for up to 24 h after infusion, but did not migrate into the healthy endometrium. Moreover, MSCs effectively attenuated the inflammatory response to uterine infusion. We conclude that endometrial MSCs obtained from routine uterine biopsies could provide a safe and effective cell source for treatment of inflammatory conditions of the uterus and potentially other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Elisabeth Rink
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine , St.Kitts, West Indies .,2 The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom .,3 Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa Beyer
- 3 Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Hilari M French
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine , St.Kitts, West Indies
| | - Elaine Watson
- 1 Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine , St.Kitts, West Indies
| | - Christine Aurich
- 3 Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- 2 The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Canine mesenchymal stem cells treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ enhance anti-inflammatory effects through the COX-2/PGE 2 pathway. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:19-26. [PMID: 29783120 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in studies on treatment of various diseases, and their application to immune-mediated diseases has garnered interest. Various methods for enhancing the immunomodulation effect of human MSCs have been used; however, similar approaches for canine MSCs are relatively unexplored. Accordingly, we evaluated immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms in canine MSCs treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with the conditioned media (CM) from canine MSCs for 48 h. Expression of RNA was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and protein levels were assessed by western blot. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly (one-way ANOVA) decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells incubated with CM from canine MSCs compared to that in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells alone. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of TNF-α- and IFN-γ-primed canine MSCs were significantly increased compared with those of naïve canine MSCs. Expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were likewise significantly increased in primed canine MSCs. The level of iNOS protein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells incubated with CM from the primed canine MSCs was decreased, but it increased when the cells were treated with NS-398(PGE2 inhibitor). In conclusion, compared with naïve canine MSCs, cells primed with TNF-α and IFN-γ cause a greater reduction in release of anti-inflammatory cytokines from LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells; the mechanism is upregulation of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway.
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Takeda K, Ning F, Domenico J, Okamoto M, Ashino S, Kim S, Jeong YY, Shiraishi Y, Terada N, Sutherland ER, Gelfand EW. Activation of p70S6 Kinase-1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Essential to Lung Tissue Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:551-558. [PMID: 29730892 PMCID: PMC6052610 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to promote lung tissue regeneration in animal models of emphysema. However, the reparative effects of the combination of the two and the role of p70S6 kinase‐1 (p70S6k1) activation in the repair process have not been defined. Twenty‐one days after intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), MSC and/or 10 days of ATRA treatment was initiated. Thirty‐two days later, static lung compliance (Cst), mean linear intercepts (MLIs), and alveolar surface area (S) were measured. After PPE, mice demonstrated increased values of Cst and MLI, and decreased S values. Both ATRA and MSC transfer were individually effective in improving these outcomes while the combination of ATRA and MSCs was even more effective. The combination of p70S6k1−/− MSCs transfer followed by ATRA demonstrated only modest effects, and rapamycin treatment of recipients with wild‐type (WT) MSCs and ATRA failed to show any effect. However, transfer of p70S6k1 over‐expressing‐MSCs together with ATRA resulted in further improvements over those seen following WT MSCs together with ATRA. ATRA activated p70S6k1 in MSCs in vitro, which was completely inhibited by rapamycin. Tracking of transferred MSCs following ATRA revealed enhanced accumulation and extended survival of MSCs in recipient lungs following PPE but not vehicle instillation. These data suggest that in MSCs, p70S6k1 activation plays a critical role in ATRA‐enhanced lung tissue repair, mediated in part by prolonged survival of transferred MSCs. p70S6k1‐activated MSCs may represent a novel therapeutic approach to reverse the lung damage seen in emphysema. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;7:551–558
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Fangkun Ning
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Joanne Domenico
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Masakazu Okamoto
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Shigeru Ashino
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Sang‐Ha Kim
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Yi Yeong Jeong
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Yoshiki Shiraishi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Erwin W. Gelfand
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of PediatricsNational Jewish HealthDenverColoradoUSA
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167
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Iohara K, Utsunomiya S, Kohara S, Nakashima M. Allogeneic transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells with the mismatched dog leukocyte antigen type is safe and efficacious for total pulp regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:116. [PMID: 29703239 PMCID: PMC5921747 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that autologous transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs) was a safe and efficacious potential therapy for total pulp regeneration in a clinical study. The autologous MDPSCs, however, have some limitations to overcome, such as limited availability of discarded teeth from older patients. In the present study, we investigated whether MDPSCs can be used for allogeneic applications to expand their therapeutic use. Methods Analysis of dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) was performed using polymerase chain reaction from blood. Canine allogeneic MDPSCs with the matched and mismatched DLA were transplanted with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in collagen into pulpectomized teeth respectively (n = 7, each). Results were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining, PGP9.5 immunostaining, and BS-1 lectin immunostaining performed 12 weeks after transplantation. The MDPSCs of the same DLA used in the first transplantation were further transplanted into another pulpectomized tooth and evaluated 12 weeks after transplantation. Results There was no evidence of toxicity or adverse events of the allogeneic transplantation of the MDPSCs with the mismatched DLA. No adverse event of dual transplantation of the MDPSCs with the matched and mismatched DLA was observed. Regenerated pulp tissues including neovascularization and neuronal extension were quantitatively and qualitatively similar at 12 weeks in both matched and mismatched DLA transplants. Regenerated pulp tissue was similarly observed in the dual transplantation as in the single transplantation of MDPSCs both with the matched and mismatched DLA. Conclusions Dual allogeneic transplantation of MDPSCs with the mismatched DLA is a safe and efficacious method for total pulp regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0855-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Shinji Utsunomiya
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sakae Kohara
- Preclinical Research Support Division, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd, Kainan, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
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Naskou MC, Sumner SM, Chocallo A, Kemelmakher H, Thoresen M, Copland I, Galipeau J, Peroni JF. Platelet lysate as a novel serum-free media supplement for the culture of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:75. [PMID: 29566772 PMCID: PMC5863827 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0823-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produced for clinical purposes rely on culture media containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) which is xenogeneic and has the potential to significantly alter the MSC phenotype, rendering these cells immunogenic. As a result of bovine-derived exogenous proteins expressed on the cell surface, MSCs may be recognized by the host immune system as non-self and be rejected. Platelet lysate (PL) may obviate some of these concerns and shows promising results in human medicine as a possible alternative to FBS. Our goal was to evaluate the use of equine platelet lysate (ePL) pooled from donor horses in place of FBS to culture equine MSCs. We hypothesized that ePL, produced following apheresis, will function as the sole media supplement to accelerate the expansion of equine bone marrow-derived MSCs without altering their phenotype and their immunomodulatory capacity. Methods Platelet concentrate was obtained via plateletpheresis and ePL were produced via freeze-thaw and centrifugation cycles. Population doublings (PD) and doubling time (DT) of bone marrow-derived MSCs (n = 3) cultured with FBS or ePL media were calculated. Cell viability, immunophenotypic analysis, and trilineage differentiation capacity of MSCs were assessed accordingly. To assess the ability of MSCs to modulate inflammatory responses, E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes were cocultured with MSCs cultured in the two different media formulations, and cell culture supernatants were assayed for the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Results Our results showed that MSCs cultured in ePL media exhibited similar proliferation rates (PD and DT) compared with those cultured in FBS at individual time points. MSCs cultured in ePL showed a statistically significant increased viability following a single washing step, expressed similar levels of MSC markers compared to FBS, and were able to differentiate towards the three lineages. Finally, MSCs cultured in ePL efficiently suppressed the release of TNF-α when exposed to LPS-stimulated monocytes similar to those cultured in FBS. Conclusion ePL has the potential to be used for the expansion of MSCs before clinical application, avoiding the concerns associated with the use of FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Naskou
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Scarlett M Sumner
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Anna Chocallo
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Hannah Kemelmakher
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ian Copland
- Emory Personalized Immunotherapy Center [EPIC], Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - John F Peroni
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Čamernik K, Barlič A, Drobnič M, Marc J, Jeras M, Zupan J. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Musculoskeletal System: From Animal Models to Human Tissue Regeneration? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:346-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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170
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Kim CS, Choi H, Park KC, Kim SW, Sun DI. The Ability of Human Nasal Inferior Turbinate-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Repair Vocal Fold Injuries. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:335-342. [PMID: 29557254 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818764627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the ability of implanted human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to repair injured vocal folds. To this end, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the early phase of wound healing and histopathological analysis to explore the late phase of wound healing in xenograft animal models. Study Design Prospective animal study. Setting Research laboratory. Subjects and Methods The right-side lamina propria of the vocal fold was injured in 20 rabbits and 30 rats. Next, hTMSCs were implanted into half of the injured vocal folds (hTMSC groups). As a control, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the other half of the injured vocal folds (PBS groups). Rat vocal folds were harvested for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 1 week after injury. Rabbit vocal folds were evaluated endoscopically and the larynges harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination at 2 and 8 weeks after injury. Results In the hTMSC group, PCR showed that hyaluronan synthase ( HAS) 1, HAS 2, and transforming growth factor ( TGF)-β1 were significantly upregulated compared with the PBS group. Procollagen type III ( COL III) messenger RNA expression was significantly upregulated in the PBS group compared with the normal group. Histological analyses showed that hTMSC administration afforded more favorable collagen and hyaluronic acid deposition than was evident in the controls. Implanted hTMSCs were observed in injured vocal folds 2 weeks after implantation. Conclusions Our results show that hTMSCs implantation into injured vocal folds facilitated vocal fold regeneration, with presenting antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choung-Soo Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- 2 Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- 2 Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Sun
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Feng L, Shi L, Lu YF, Wang B, Tang T, Fu WM, He W, Li G, Zhang JF. Linc-ROR Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Functioning as a Competing Endogenous RNA for miR-138 and miR-145. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:345-353. [PMID: 29858070 PMCID: PMC5992460 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which serve as important and powerful regulators of various biological activities, have gained widespread attention in recent years. Emerging evidence has shown that some lncRNAs play important regulatory roles in osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for bone fracture. As a recently identified lncRNA, linc-ROR was reported to mediate the reprogramming ability of differentiated cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) self-renewal. However, other functions of linc-ROR remain elusive. In this study, linc-ROR was found to be upregulated during osteogenesis of human bone-marrow-derived MSCs. Ectopic expression of linc-ROR significantly accelerated, whereas knockdown of linc-ROR suppressed, osteoblast differentiation. Using bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that linc-ROR functioned as a microRNA (miRNA) sponge for miR-138 and miR-145, both of which were negative regulators of osteogenesis. Further investigations revealed that linc-ROR antagonized the functions of these two miRNAs and led to the de-repression of their shared target ZEB2, which eventually activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway and hence potentiated osteogenesis. Taken together, linc-ROR modulated osteoblast differentiation by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), which may shed light on the functional characterization of lncRNAs in coordinating osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Fei Lu
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211100, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Quimby JM, Borjesson DL. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in cats: Current knowledge and future potential. J Feline Med Surg 2018; 20:208-216. [PMID: 29478398 PMCID: PMC10816289 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18758590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Stem cell therapy is an innovative field of scientific investigation with tremendous potential for clinical application in veterinary medicine. Based on the known desirable immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells, this therapy holds promise for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases in cats. AIMS This review details our current understanding of feline stem cell biology and proposed mechanism of action. Studies performed in feline clinical trials for diseases including gingivostomatitis, chronic enteropathy, asthma and kidney disease are summarized, with the goal of providing an overview of the current status of this treatment modality and its potential for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Quimby
- The Ohio State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- University of California–Davis, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of the study is to provide an overview on the possibility of treating congenital disorders prenatally with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Recent Findings MSCs have multilineage potential and a low immunogenic profile and are immunomodulatory and more easy to expand in culture. Their ability to migrate, engraft and differentiate, or act via a paracrine effect on target tissues makes MSCs candidates for clinical therapies. Fetal and extra-fetal MSCs offer higher therapeutic potential compared to MSCs derived from adult sources. Summary MSCs may be safely transplanted prenatally via ultrasound-guided injection into the umbilical cord. Due to these characteristics, fetal MSCs are of great interest in the field of in utero stem cell transplantation for treatment of congenital disease.
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Promotion of Cell-Based Therapy: Special Focus on the Cooperation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Gene Therapy for Clinical Trial Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1119:103-118. [PMID: 30155859 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a promising new field of medicine that has mobilized several new tools to repair or replace lost or damaged cells or tissues by stimulating natural regenerative mechanisms nearby cell and tissue-based therapy approaches. However, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapy has been shown to be safe and effective to a certain degree in multiple clinical trial studies (CTSs) of several diseases, in most MSC CTSs the efficacy of treatment has been reported low. Therefore, researchers have focused on efficacy enhancing of MSC to improve migratory and homing, survival, stemness, differentiation and other therapeutic applicable properties by using different approaches. Gene therapy is one of the experimental technique tools that uses genes to change cells for therapeutic and investigation purposes. In this study has been focused on genetically modified MSCs for use in RM with an emphasis on CTSs. We highlight the basic concept of genetic modifications and also discuss recent clinical studies aspects. Recently reviewed studies show that MSC therapy with assistant gene therapy can be used in cancer therapy, heart diseases, Fanconi anemia and several other diseases.
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175
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Recent challenges and advances in genetically-engineered cell therapy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017; 48:199-208. [PMID: 30680249 PMCID: PMC6312535 DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells naturally sense and actively response to their environment. Cell-therapy has long been studied and shown therapeutic effects in various diseases. However, several hurdles should be overcome to improve cell-based therapy. Gene delivery-mediated cellular modification has shown improvement of cell function by obstacle gene silencing and therapeutic gene expression. Especially, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing is a very promising method for gene modification. In this review, we describe the recent advances in genetic modification for cell therapy. Stem cells are still promising source of cell therapy due to their self-renewal character and differentiation potential. Immune cells regulate the inflammatory response and immunization, which inspired various cell therapy using immune-regulatory cells. Conclusively, we emphasize the need to develop gene-modification-based cell therapy as potent future treatment.
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Krajewska-Włodarczyk M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W, Osowski A, Engelgardt P, Wojtkiewicz J. Role of Stem Cells in Pathophysiology and Therapy of Spondyloarthropathies-New Therapeutic Possibilities? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010080. [PMID: 29283375 PMCID: PMC5796030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the complex pathogenesis and treatment of spondyloarthropathies (SpA). Currently, along with traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), TNF-α, IL-12/23 and IL-17 are available for treatment of such diseases as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Although they adequately control inflammatory symptoms, they do not affect the abnormal bone formation processes associated with SpA. However, the traditional therapeutic approach does not cover the regenerative treatment of damaged tissues. In this regards, stem cells may offer a promising, safe and effective therapeutic option. The aim of this paper is to present the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in pathogenesis of SpA and to highlight the opportunities for using stem cells in regenerative processes and in the treatment of inflammatory changes in articular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, Municipal Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Engelgardt
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Foundation for Nerve Cell Regeneration, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Wu T, Xie Y, Huang J, Li P, Wang X, Yan Y, Xia T, Li L, Zhu F, Li H, Wu R. The Optimal Intervention Time of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ameliorating Cardiac Fibrosis Induced by Viral Myocarditis: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Mice. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3258035. [PMID: 29362568 PMCID: PMC5736900 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3258035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have recently been introduced to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, there are few researches focused on the application of BMSCs in treating viral myocarditis, not to mention its optimal intervention timer potential mechanisms. In our study, we concentrated on finding an optimal time window to perform BMSCs treatment in a murine model of myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). On the 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day after BALB/c mice were infected by CVB3, we intravenously injected equivalent BMSCs into the treatment groups. With a 28-day follow-up after inoculation, we found that the ventricular function was significantly improved in the BMSCs treatment group and cardiac fibrosis markedly ameliorated, especially when BMSCs were injected between 1 and 2 weeks after CVB3 inoculation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that after BMSCs treatment, the expressions of TGF-β, col1α1, and col3α1 were significantly decreased. Therefore, we conclude that BMSCs may have a potential to improve CVB3-induced myocarditis by ameliorating cardiac fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ping Li
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Xuliang Wang
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yaoyao Yan
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tianhe Xia
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lei Li
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hao Li
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Rongzhou Wu
- Children's Heart Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
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178
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Tissue regeneration: The crosstalk between mesenchymal stem cells and immune response. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:86-93. [PMID: 29221689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exist in almost all tissues with the capability to differentiate into several different cell types and hold great promise in tissue repairs in a cell replacement manner. The study of the bidirectional regulation between MSCs and immune response has ushered an age of rethinking of tissue regeneration in the process of stem cell-based tissue repairs. By sensing damaged signals, both endogenous and exogenous MSCs migrate to the damaged site where they involve in the reconstitution of the immune microenvironment and empower tissue stem/progenitor cells and other resident cells, whereby facilitate tissue repairs. This MSC-based therapeutic manner is conferred as cell empowerment. In this process, MSCs have been found to exert extensive immunosuppression on both innate and adaptive immune response, while such regulation needs to be licensed by inflammation. More importantly, the immunoregulation of MSCs is highly plastic, especially in the context of pathological microenvironment. Understanding the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs is necessary for appropriate application of MSCs. Here we review the current studies on the crosstalk of MSCs and immune response in disease pathogenesis and therapy.
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179
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Petrov VN, Agaeva EV, Popovkina OE, Konoplyannikov AG, Kaplan MA, Lepekhina LA, Sayapina EV, Semenkova IV. Modifying Effect of Autotransfusion of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytokines by Mononuclear Cells in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:233-240. [PMID: 29181671 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We studied in vivo modifying effect of autotransfusion of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells on ROS generation and production of cytokines (TNFα,TNFβ, IL-1α, IL-10, IFNγ, and GM-CSF) and PGE2 by mononuclear cells of patients (N=21) with chronic heart failure. These parameters were evaluated prior to (control) and after (immediately and on day 14) intravenous administration of stromal cells in doses of 100-200×106. Immediately after autotransfusion, significant increase of in vitro zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of blood mononuclear cells from 10 patients was observed. At later terms after autotransfusion (day 14), inhibition of chemiluminescent activity of blood mononuclear cells was revealed in 50% patients. We discuss possible mechanisms of involvement of transplanted autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in reprogramming of blood mononuclear phagocytes from the pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotype under conditions of their in vivo interaction manifesting in transition from activation to inhibition of ROS-producing activity of macrophages and significant suppression of in vitro LPS-induced production of TNFα and GM-CSF by blood mononuclears against the background of significantly elevated TNFβ, IL-10, and IL-1α concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Petrov
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - E V Agaeva
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia.
| | - O E Popovkina
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - A G Konoplyannikov
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - M A Kaplan
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - L A Lepekhina
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - E V Sayapina
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - I V Semenkova
- A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Affiliated Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
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180
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Agaeva EV, Petrov VN, Konoplyannikov AG, Popovkina OE, Lepekhina LA, Sayapina EV, Semenkova IV. Syngeneic and Xenogeneic Transplantations of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Modify the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species by Blood Mononuclears of Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:80-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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181
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Terlizzi V, Kolibabka M, Burgess JK, Hammes HP, Harmsen MC. The Pericytic Phenotype of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells Is Promoted by NOTCH2. Stem Cells 2017; 36:240-251. [PMID: 29067740 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long-term diabetes leads to macrovascular and microvascular complication. In diabetic retinopathy (DR), persistent hyperglycemia causes permanent loss of retinal pericytes and aberrant proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) may serve to functionally replace retinal pericytes and normalize retinal microvasculature during disease progression. We hypothesized that Notch signaling in ASC underlies regulation and stabilization of dysfunctional retinal microvascular networks such as in DR. ASC prominently and constitutively expressed NOTCH2. Genetic knockdown of NOTCH2 in ASC (SH-NOTCH2) disturbed the formation of vascular networks of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells both on monolayers of ASC and in organotypical three-dimensional cocultures with ASC. On ASC SH-NOTCH2, cell surface platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta was downregulated which disrupted their migration toward the chemoattractant platelet-derived growth factor beta subunits (PDGF-BB) as well as to conditioned media from EC and bovine retinal EC. This chemoattractant is secreted by pro-angiogenic EC in newly formed microvascular networks to attract pericytes. Intravitreal injected ASC SH-NOTCH2 in oxygen-induced retinopathy mouse eyes did not engraft in the preexisting retinal microvasculature. However, the in vivo pro-angiogenic capacity of ASC SH-NOTCH2 did not differ from controls. In this respect, multifocal electroretinography displayed similar b-wave amplitudes in the avascular zones when either wild type ASC or SH-NOTCH2 ASC were injected. In conclusion, our results indicate that NOTCH2 is essential to support in vitro vasculogenesis via juxtacrine interactions. In contrast, ongoing in vivo angiogenesis is influenced by paracrine signaling of ASC, irrespective of Notch signaling. Stem Cells 2018;36:240-251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Terlizzi
- Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Research Institute W.J.Kolff, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Research Institute W.J.Kolff, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Section of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Lab for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (CAVAREM), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Research Institute W.J.Kolff, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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182
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The Challenge in Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Recellularization of Decellularized Cartilage. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:50-67. [PMID: 27826794 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some decellularized musculoskeletal extracellular matrices (ECM)s derived from tissues such as bone, tendon and fibrocartilaginous meniscus have already been clinical use for tissue reconstruction. Repair of articular cartilage with its unique zonal ECM architecture and composition is still an unsolved problem, and the question is whether allogenic or xenogeneic decellularized cartilage ECM could serve as a biomimetic scaffold for this purpose.Hence, this survey outlines the present state of preparing decellularized cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds or composites for reconstruction of different cartilage types and of reseeding it particularly with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs).The preparation of natural decellularized cartilage ECM scaffolds hampers from the high density of the cartilage ECM and lacking interconnectivity of the rather small natural pores within it: the chondrocytes lacunae. Nevertheless, the reseeding of decellularized ECM scaffolds before implantation provided superior results compared with simply implanting cell-free constructs in several other tissues, but cartilage recellularization remains still challenging. Induced by cartilage ECM-derived scaffolds MSCs underwent chondrogenesis.Major problems to be addressed for the application of cell-free cartilage were discussed such as to maintain ECM structure, natural chemistry, biomechanics and to achieve a homogenous and stable cell recolonization, promote chondrogenic and prevent terminal differentiation (hypertrophy) and induce the deposition of a novel functional ECM. Some promising approaches were proposed including further processing of the decellularized ECM before recellularization of the ECM with MSCs, co-culturing of MSCs with chondrocytes and establishing bioreactor culture e.g. with mechanostimulation, flow perfusion pressure and lowered oxygen tension. Graphical Abstract Synopsis of tissue engineering approaches based on cartilage-derived ECM.
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183
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Regenerative Therapies in Dry Eye Disease: From Growth Factors to Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112264. [PMID: 29143779 PMCID: PMC5713234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome is a complex and insidious pathology with a high level of prevalence among the human population and with a consequently high impact on quality of life and economic cost. Currently, its treatment is symptomatic, mainly based on the control of lubrication and inflammation, with significant limitations. Therefore, the latest research is focused on the development of new biological strategies, with the aim of regenerating affected tissues, or at least restricting the progression of the disease, reducing scar tissue, and maintaining corneal transparency. Therapies range from growth factors and cytokines to the use of different cell sources, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, due to their multipotentiality, trophic, and immunomodulatory properties. We will review the state of the art and the latest advances and results of these promising treatments in this pathology.
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184
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The Immunomodulatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Polarization within the Tumor Microenvironment Niche. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4015039. [PMID: 29181035 PMCID: PMC5664329 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4015039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising tool for cell therapy, particularly for their antitumor effects. This cell population can be isolated from multiple tissue sources and also display an innate ability to home to areas of inflammation, such as tumors. Upon entry into the tumor microenvironment niche, MSCs promote or inhibit tumor progression by various mechanisms, largely through the release of soluble factors. These factors can be immunomodulatory by activating or inhibiting both the adaptive and innate immune responses. The mechanisms by which MSCs modulate the immune response are not well understood. Because of this, the relationship between MSCs and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment niche continues to be an active area of research in order to help explain the apparent contradictory findings currently available in the literature. The ongoing research aims to enhance the potential of MSCs in future therapeutic applications.
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185
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Biomaterial-assisted cell therapy in osteoarthritis: From mesenchymal stem cells to cell encapsulation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:730-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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186
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Smeriglio P, Lee J, Bhutani N. Soluble Collagen VI treatment enhances mesenchymal stem cells expansion for engineering cartilage. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:278-284. [PMID: 29313037 PMCID: PMC5689496 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) are an attractive source for cell‐based therapies in cartilage injury owing to their efficient differentiation into chondrocytes and their immune‐suppressive abilities. However, their clinical use is hampered by a scarcity of cells leading to compromised efficacy. While expansion of human MSC ex vivo can potentially overcome the scarcity of cells, current methods lead to a rapid loss of the stem cell properties. In this study, we report soluble Collagen VI (cartilage pericellular matrix component) as a potential biologic that can expand the MSC population while maintaining the stem cell phenotype as confirmed by expression of the stem cell markers CD105 and CD90. Short‐term treatment with Collagen VI additionally retains the potential of MSC to differentiate into mature chondrocytes in pellet culture. Cartilage pellets generated from MSC treated with Collagen VI or control express comparable amounts of the chondrogenic markers Collagen II, Aggrecan and Sox9, and the extracellular glycosaminoglycans. Our observations confirm that the use of the endogenous and cartilage‐specific factor Collagen VI is valuable for a rapid and efficient expansion of MSC for potential use in cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piera Smeriglio
- Dept. of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305
| | - Jieun Lee
- Dept. of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305
| | - Nidhi Bhutani
- Dept. of Orthopaedic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305
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187
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Sepsis and Associated Organ Dysfunction: A Promising Future or Blind Alley? Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:7304121. [PMID: 29098010 PMCID: PMC5618761 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7304121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, newly defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, is the most common cause of death in ICUs and one of the principal causes of death worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the understanding of fundamental mechanisms of sepsis, translation of these advances into clinically effective therapies has been disappointing. Given the extreme complexity of sepsis pathogenesis, the paradigm “one disease, one drug” is obviously flawed and combinations of multiple targets that involve early immunomodulation and cellular protection are needed. In this context, the immune-reprogramming properties of cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) represent an emerging therapeutic strategy in sepsis and associated organ dysfunction. This article provides an update of the current knowledge regarding MSC in preclinical models of sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Recommendations for further translational research in this field are discussed.
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188
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Sun J, Li J, Li H, Yang H, Chen J, Yang B, Huo F, Guo W, Tian W. tBHQ Suppresses Osteoclastic Resorption in Xenogeneic-Treated Dentin Matrix-Based Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28696515 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellularmatrix (ECM)-based scaffolds are important for their potential therapeutic application. Treated dentin matrix (TDM), a kind of ECM, seeded with allogeneic dental follicle stem cells (TDM/aDFC) provides a suitable inductive microenvironment for tooth root regeneration. Considering the limited sources, xenogeneic TDM (xTDM) is a possible alternative to allogeneic TDM; however, xTDM-based scaffold presents severe osteolysis and resorption lacunae causing regenerated tooth root failure. Immune response-induced excessive osteoclastogenesis plays a critical role in xenogeneic scaffold osteolysis and resorption. The impact of antioxidant, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), on xTDM/aDFCs-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption in vivo and in vitro are investigated. tBHQ upregulates heme oxygenase-1 release and downregulates high mobility group box 1 mRNA expression. mRNA expression of other osteoclast-related genes including nuclear factor-kappa Bp65, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, cathepsin K, and integrin β3, also decreases significantly. Furthermore, tBHQ-treated xTDM/aDFCs scaffolds implanted into rhesus macaques show reduced osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption by microcomputed tomography and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. tBHQ-induced suppression of xTDM/aDFC-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption presents a new strategy for the regeneration of biological tooth root and could be applied to the regeneration of other complex tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jie Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences College of Stomatology Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hefeng Yang
- Department of Dental Research The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University Kunming 650031 China
| | - Jinlong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Bo Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery West China School of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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189
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Mueller M, Kramer BW. Stem cells and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - The five questions: Which cells, when, in which dose, to which patients via which route? Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 24:54-59. [PMID: 28162941 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in newborns and children. Despite advances in perinatology, immature infants continue to face serious risks such chronic respiratory impairment from bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Current treatment options are insufficient and novel approaches are desperately needed. In recent years stem cells have emerged as potential candidates to treat BPD with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) being particularly promising. MSCs originate from several stem cell niches including bone marrow, skin, or adipose, umbilical cord, and placental tissues. Although the first MSCs clinical trials in BPD are ongoing, multiple questions remain open. In this review, we discuss the question of the optimal cell source (live cells or cell products), route and timing of the transplantation. Furthermore, we discuss MSCs possible capacities including migration, homing, pro-angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-regenerative potential as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Boris W Kramer
- Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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190
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Luz-Crawford P, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Direct the Immunological Fate of Macrophages. Results Probl Cell Differ 2017; 62:61-72. [PMID: 28455706 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54090-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells with a broad well-described immunosuppressive potential. They are able to modulate both the innate and the adaptive immune response. Particularly, MSC are able to regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages that are critical for different biological processes including wound healing, inflammation, pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, and tumor growth. These multifunctional roles of macrophages are due to their high plasticity, which enable them to adopt different phenotypes such as a pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. MSC promote macrophage differentiation toward an M2-like phenotype with a high tissue remodeling potential and anti-inflammatory activity but also a pro-tumorigenic function. MSC regulatory effect on macrophages is mediated through the secretion of different immunomodulatory molecules such as PGE2, IL1RA, and IL-6. Moreover, the presence of macrophages in damaged tissue and inflammation is essential for MSC to exert their therapeutic function. In this chapter, we discuss how the interplay between macrophages and MSC mutually modulates their phenotypes and functions, orchestrates tissue repair, and controls inflammation during autoimmunity and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm U1183, IRMB, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France.,Service d'Immuno-Rhumatologie, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Inserm U1183, IRMB, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France.
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191
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Goonoo N. Modulating Immunological Responses of Electrospun Fibers for Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700093. [PMID: 32646177 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The promise of tissue engineering is to improve or restore functions of impaired tissues or organs. However, one of the biggest challenges to its translation to clinical applications is the lack of tissue integration and functionality. The plethora of cellular and molecular events occurring following scaffold implantation is a major bottleneck. Recent studies confirmed that inflammation is a crucial component influencing tissue regeneration. Immuno-modulation or immune-engineering has been proposed as a potential solution to overcome this key challenge in regenerative medicine. In this review, strategies to modify scaffold physicochemical properties through the use of the electrospinning technique to modulate host response and improve scaffold integration will be discussed. Electrospinning, being highly versatile allows the fabrication of ECM-mimicking scaffolds and also offers the possibility to control scaffold properties for instance, tailoring of fiber properties, chemical conjugation or physical adsorption of non-immunogenic materials on the scaffold surface, encapsulating cells or anti-inflammatory molecules within the scaffold. Such electrospun scaffold-based immune-engineering strategies can significantly improve the resulting outcomes of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cµ), University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany.,Biomaterials, Drug Delivery & Nanotechnology Unit, Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, MSIRI Building, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
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192
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Martens A, Ordies S, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verleden SE, Vos R, Van Raemdonck DE, Verleden GM, Roobrouck VD, Claes S, Schols D, Verbeken E, Verfaillie CM, Neyrinck AP. Immunoregulatory effects of multipotent adult progenitor cells in a porcine ex vivo lung perfusion model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:159. [PMID: 28676074 PMCID: PMC5497348 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0603-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is considered to be the end result of an inflammatory response targeting the new lung allograft after transplant. Previous research has indicated that MAPC cell therapy might attenuate this injury by its paracrine effects on the pro-/anti-inflammatory balance. This study aims to investigate the immunoregulatory capacities of MAPC cells in PGD when administered in the airways. METHODS Lungs of domestic pigs (n = 6/group) were subjected to 90 minutes of warm ischemia. Lungs were cold flushed, cannulated on ice and placed on EVLP for 6 hours. At the start of EVLP, 40 ml of an albumin-plasmalyte mixture was distributed in the airways (CONTR group). In the MAPC cell group, 150 million MAPC cells (ReGenesys/Athersys, Cleveland, OH, USA) were added to this mixture. At the end of EVLP, a physiological evaluation (pulmonary vascular resistance, lung compliance, PaO2/FiO2), wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) sampling and a multiplex analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (2 × 30 ml) was performed. RESULTS Pulmonary vascular resistance, lung compliance, PaO2/FiO2 and W/D were not statistically different at the end of EVLP between both groups. BAL neutrophilia was significantly reduced in the MAPC cell group. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ in the BAL, but not in IFN-α; whereas IL-4, IL-10 and IL-8 were below the detection limit. CONCLUSIONS Although no physiologic effect of MAPC cell distribution in the airways was detected during EVLP, we observed a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils in BAL in the MAPC cell group. This effect on the innate immune system might play an important role in critically modifying the process of PGD after transplantation. Further experiments will have to elucidate the immunoregulatory effect of MAPC cell administration on graft function after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Martens
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Ordies
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M. Vanaudenaerde
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn E. Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E. Van Raemdonck
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Thoracic Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert M. Verleden
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pneumology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sandra Claes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Verbeken
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Verfaillie
- Stem Cell Institute Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arne P. Neyrinck
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Algology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Lung Transplant Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Sordi V, Pellegrini S, Krampera M, Marchetti P, Pessina A, Ciardelli G, Fadini G, Pintus C, Pantè G, Piemonti L. Stem cells to restore insulin production and cure diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:583-600. [PMID: 28545927 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advancement of knowledge in the field of regenerative medicine is increasing the therapeutic expectations of patients and clinicians on cell therapy approaches. Within these, stem cell therapies are often evoked as a possible therapeutic option for diabetes, already ongoing or possible in the near future. AIM The purpose of this document is to make a point of the situation on existing knowledge and therapies with stem cells to treat patients with diabetes by focusing on some of the aspects that most frequently raise curiosity and discussion in clinical practice and in the interaction with the patient. In fact, at present there are no clinically approved treatments based on the use of stem cells for the treatment of diabetes, but several therapeutic approaches have already been evaluated or are being evaluated in clinical trials. DATA SYNTHESIS It is possible to identify three large potential application fields: 1) the reconstruction of the β cell mass; 2) the immunomodulation in type 1 diabetes (T1D); 3) the treatment of complications. In this study we will limit the discussion to approaches that have the potential for clinical translation, deliberately omitting aspects of basic biology and preclinical data. Also, we intentionally omit the treatment of the complications that will be the subject of a future document. Finally, an overview of the Italian situation regarding the storage of cord blood cells for the therapy of diabetes will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - S Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy
| | - P Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pessina
- CRC-StaMeTec (Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cell Therapy), Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - G Ciardelli
- DIMEAS - Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Fadini
- Medicine Department (DIMED), University of Padua, Italy
| | - C Pintus
- Italian National Transplant Center (CNT), Italy
| | - G Pantè
- Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), Italy
| | - L Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Vitamin D3 Modifies the Impacts of the Supernatants of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Macrophages Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/zjrms.9761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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195
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Molecular Mechanisms of Immunomodulation Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A New Insight into the Role of ICAM-1. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:6516854. [PMID: 28761447 PMCID: PMC5518497 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6516854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) control excessive inflammation and create a microenvironment for tissue repair protecting from chronic inflammation and tissue fibrosis. We examined the molecular mechanisms of MSC immunomodulatory function in mixed cultures of human adipose-derived MSC with lymphocytes. Our data show that MSC promote unstimulated lymphocyte survival potentially by an increase in antigen presentation. Under inflammatory conditions, mimicked by stimulation of TCR in lymphocytes, MSC suppress activation and proliferation of stimulated T cells. Immunosuppression is accompanied by downregulation of IL-2Rα that negatively affects the survival of activated T cells. MSC upregulate transcription of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which generate products negatively affecting T cell function. Both MSC and lymphocytes dramatically increase the surface ICAM-1 level in mixed cultures. Antibody-mediated blockage of surface ICAM-1 partially releases MSC-mediated immune suppression in vitro. Our data suggest that MSC have cell-intrinsic molecular programs depending on the inflammatory microenvironment. We speculate that MSC sense soluble factors and respond by surface ICAM-1 upregulation. ICAM-1 is involved in the control of T cell activation leading to immunosuppression or modest stimulation depending on the T cell status. Immunomodulation by MSC ranging from support of naive T cell survival to immunosuppression of activated T cells may affect the tissue microenvironment protecting from aberrant regeneration.
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Liang C, Jiang E, Yao J, Wang M, Chen S, Zhou Z, Zhai W, Ma Q, Feng S, Han M. Interferon-γ mediates the immunosuppression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on T-lymphocytes in vitro. Hematology 2017; 23:44-49. [PMID: 28581352 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2017.1333245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Erlie Jiang
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianfeng Yao
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulian Chen
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihua Zhai
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Ma
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Sizhou Feng
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzhe Han
- Transplant Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Tan K, Zheng K, Li D, Lu H, Wang S, Sun X. Impact of adipose tissue or umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells on the immunogenicity of human cord blood derived endothelial progenitor cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178624. [PMID: 28562647 PMCID: PMC5451078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of autologous endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation is a promising approach in therapeutic cardiovascular diseases and ischemic diseases. In this study, we compared the immunogenicity of EPCs, adipose tissue (AD)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs by flow cytometry and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The impact of AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs on the immunogenicity of EPCs was analyzed by the mixed lymphocyte reaction and cytokine secretion in vitro and was further tested by allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) induced immuno-rejection on a cell/matrigel graft in an SCID mouse model. EPCs and AD-MSCs express higher levels of MHC class I than UC-MSCs. All three kinds of cells are negative for MHC class II. UC-MSCs also express lower levels of IFN-γ receptor mRNA when compared with EPCs and AD-MSCs. EPCs can stimulate higher rates of proliferation of lymphocytes than AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs. Furthermore, AD-MSCs and UC-MSCs can modulate immune response and inhibit lymphocyte proliferation induced by EPCs, mainly through inhibition of the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Compared with UC-MSCs, AD-MSCs can significantly improve vessel formation and maintain the integrity of neovascular structure in an EPC+MSC/matrigel graft in SCID mice, especially under allo-PBMC induced immuno-rejection. In conclusion, our study shows that AD-MSC is a powerful candidate to minimize immunological rejection and improve vessel formation in EPC transplantation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefang Tan
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daiye Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyuan Lu
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Engineering and Research Center of Human Stem Cell, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lerrer S, Liubomirski Y, Bott A, Abnaof K, Oren N, Yousaf A, Körner C, Meshel T, Wiemann S, Ben-Baruch A. Co-Inflammatory Roles of TGFβ1 in the Presence of TNFα Drive a Pro-inflammatory Fate in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:479. [PMID: 28553282 PMCID: PMC5425596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High plasticity is a hallmark of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and as such, their differentiation and activities may be shaped by factors of their microenvironment. Bones, tumors, and cardiomyopathy are examples of niches and conditions that contain MSCs and are enriched with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). These two cytokines are generally considered as having opposing roles in regulating immunity and inflammation (pro- and anti-inflammatory, respectively). Here, we performed global gene expression analysis of human bone marrow-derived MSCs and identified overlap in half of the transcriptional programs that were modified by TNFα and TGFβ1. The two cytokines elevated the mRNA expression of soluble factors, including mRNAs of pro-inflammatory mediators. Accordingly, the typical pro-inflammatory factor TNFα prominently induced the protein expression levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators CCL2, CXCL8 (IL-8), and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in MSCs, through the NF-κB/p65 pathway. In parallel, TGFβ1 did not elevate CXCL8 protein levels and induced the protein expression of CCL2 at much lower levels than TNFα; yet, TGFβ1 readily induced Cox-2 and acted predominantly via the Smad3 pathway. Interestingly, combined stimulation of MSCs by TNFα + TGFβ1 led to a cooperative induction of all three inflammatory mediators, indicating that TGFβ1 functioned as a co-inflammatory cytokine in the presence of TNFα. The cooperative activities of TNFα + TGFβ1 that have led to CCL2 and CXCL8 induction were almost exclusively dependent on p65 activation and were not regulated by Smad3 or by the upstream regulator TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). In contrast, the TNFα + TGFβ1-induced cooperative elevation in Cox-2 was mostly dependent on Smad3 (demonstrating cooperativity with activated NF-κB) and was partly regulated by TAK1. Studies with MSCs activated by TNFα + TGFβ1 revealed that they release factors that can affect other cells in their microenvironment and induce breast tumor cell elongation, migration, and scattering out of spheroid tumor masses. Thus, our findings demonstrate a TNFα + TGFβ1-driven pro-inflammatory fate in MSCs, identify specific molecular mechanisms involved, and propose that TNFα + TGFβ1-stimulated MSCs influence the tumor niche. These observations suggest key roles for the microenvironment in regulating MSC functions, which in turn may affect different health-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Lerrer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nino Oren
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Afsheen Yousaf
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cindy Körner
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adit Ben-Baruch
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gómez-Aristizábal A, Sharma A, Bakooshli MA, Kapoor M, Gilbert PM, Viswanathan S, Gandhi R. Stage-specific differences in secretory profile of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) subjected to early- vs late-stage OA synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:737-741. [PMID: 27894935 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are being clinically investigated for their use in osteoarthritis (OA), it is unclear whether their postulated therapeutic properties are equally effective in the early- and late-stages of OA. In this study we investigated MSC cytokine secretion post-exposure to synovial fluid (SF), obtained from early- vs late-stage knee OA patients to justify a potential patient stratification strategy to maximize MSC-mediated treatment effects. METHOD Subjects were recruited and categorized into early- [Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade I/II, n = 12] and late-stage (KL-III/IV, n = 12) knee OA groups. SF samples were obtained, and their proteome was tested using multiplex assays, after 3-days culture, with and without MSCs. SFs cultured without MSCs were used as a baseline to identify MSC-secreted factors into SFs cultured with MSCs. Linear mixed-effect models and non-parametric tests were used to identify alterations in the MSC secretome during exposure to OA SF (3-days). MSCs cultured for 3-days in 0.5% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented medium were used to compare SF results with culture medium. RESULTS Following exposure to OA SF, the MSC secretome contained proteins that are involved in tissue repair, angiogenesis, chemotaxis, matrix remodeling and the clotting process. However, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-8 (CXCL8; chemoattractant), interleukin-6 (IL6) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) were elevated in the MSC-secretome in response to early- vs late-stage OA SF. CONCLUSION Early- vs late-stage OA SF samples elicit a differential MSC secretome response, arguing for stratification of OA patients to maximize MSC-mediated therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez-Aristizábal
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Sharma
- The Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M A Bakooshli
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Kapoor
- The Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Viswanathan
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Cell Therapy Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - R Gandhi
- The Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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200
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Cosenza S, Ruiz M, Maumus M, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Pathogenic or Therapeutic Extracellular Vesicles in Rheumatic Diseases: Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E889. [PMID: 28441721 PMCID: PMC5412468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell-to-cell communication pathways via the transport of proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lipids. There are three main types of EVs, exosomes, microparticles and apoptotic bodies, which are classified according to their size and biogenesis. EVs are secreted by all cell types and their function reproduces that of the parental cell. They are involved in many biological processes that regulate tissue homeostasis and physiopathology of diseases. In rheumatic diseases, namely osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), EVs have been isolated from synovial fluid and shown to play pathogenic roles contributing to progression of both diseases. By contrast, EVs may have therapeutic effect via the delivery of molecules that may stop disease evolution. In particular, EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reproduce the main functions of the parental cells and therefore represent the ideal type of EVs for modulating the course of either disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of EVs in OA and RA focusing on their potential pathogenic effect and possible therapeutic options. Special attention is given to MSCs and MSC-derived EVs for modulating OA and RA progression with the perspective of developing innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cosenza
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Marie Maumus
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Danièle Noël
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, INSERM, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France.
- Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Hôpital Lapeyronie, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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