151
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Li D, Jia J, Zeng H, Zhong X, Chen H, Yi C. Efficacy of exercise rehabilitation for managing patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2175-2188. [PMID: 38488551 PMCID: PMC11034587 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative neurological disease characterized by the deterioration of cognitive functions. While a definitive cure and optimal medication to impede disease progression are currently unavailable, a plethora of studies have highlighted the potential advantages of exercise rehabilitation for managing this condition. Those studies show that exercise rehabilitation can enhance cognitive function and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by AD. Therefore, exercise rehabilitation has been regarded as one of the most important strategies for managing patients with AD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available findings on exercise rehabilitation in patients with AD, with a focus on the exercise types which have shown efficacy when implemented alone or combined with other treatment methods, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying these positive effects. Specifically, we explain how exercise may improve the brain microenvironment and neuronal plasticity. In conclusion, exercise is a cost-effective intervention to enhance cognitive performance and improve quality of life in patients with mild to moderate cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it can potentially become both a physical activity and a tailored intervention. This review may aid the development of more effective and individualized treatment strategies to address the challenges imposed by this debilitating disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinning Jia
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haibo Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Huichang County People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Active Substance Screening and Translational Research, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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152
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Lacouth P, Majer A, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Custódio MR, Queiroz V. Physiological responses of Holothuria grisea during a wound healing event: An integrated approach combining tissue, cellular and humoral evidence. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111695. [PMID: 38992416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to their tissue structure similar to mammalian skin and their close evolutionary relationship with chordates, holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are particularly interesting for studies on wound healing. However, previous studies dealing with holothuroid wound healing have had limited approaches, being restricted to tissue repair or perivisceral immune response. In this study, we combined tissue, cellular and humoral parameters to study the wound healing process of Holothuria grisea. The immune responses of the perivisceral coelom were assessed by analyzing the number, proportion and viability of coelomocytes and the volume and protein concentration of the coelomic fluid. Additionally, the morphology of the healing tissue and number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue of different body wall layers were examined over 30 days. Our results showed that perivisceral reactions started 3 h after injury and decreased to baseline levels within 24 h. In contrast, tissue responses were delayed, beginning after 12 h and returning to baseline levels only after day 10. The number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue suggests a potential cooperation between these cells during wound healing: phagocytes and acidophilic spherulocytes act together in tissue clearance/homeostasis, whereas fibroblast-like and morula cells cooperate in tissue remodeling. Finally, our results indicate that the major phases observed in mammalian wound healing are also observed in H. grisea, despite occurring at a different timing, which might provide insights for future studies. Based on these data, we propose a model that explains the entire healing process in H. grisea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lacouth
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Majer
- Departamento de Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Márcio Reis Custódio
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Queiroz
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, n. 101, São Paulo (SP) CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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153
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Panagaki T, Janickova L, Petrovic D, Zuhra K, Ditrói T, Jurányi EP, Bremer O, Ascenção K, Philipp TM, Nagy P, Filipovic MR, Szabo C. Neurobehavioral dysfunction in a mouse model of Down syndrome: upregulation of cystathionine β-synthase, H 2S overproduction, altered protein persulfidation, synaptic dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. GeroScience 2024; 46:4275-4314. [PMID: 38558215 PMCID: PMC11336008 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition where the person is born with an extra chromosome 21. DS is associated with accelerated aging; people with DS are prone to age-related neurological conditions including an early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Using the Dp(17)3Yey/ + mice, which overexpresses a portion of mouse chromosome 17, which encodes for the transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), we investigated the functional role of the CBS/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral dysfunction in DS. The data demonstrate that CBS is higher in the brain of the DS mice than in the brain of wild-type mice, with primary localization in astrocytes. DS mice exhibited impaired recognition memory and spatial learning, loss of synaptosomal function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. Treatment of mice with aminooxyacetate, a prototypical CBS inhibitor, improved neurobehavioral function, reduced the degree of reactive gliosis in the DS brain, increased the ability of the synaptosomes to generate ATP, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress. H2S levels in the brain of DS mice were higher than in wild-type mice, but, unexpectedly, protein persulfidation was decreased. Many of the above alterations were more pronounced in the female DS mice. There was a significant dysregulation of metabolism in the brain of DS mice, which affected amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, endocannabinoid, and nucleotide metabolites; some of these alterations were reversed by treatment of the mice with the CBS inhibitor. Thus, the CBS/H2S pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction in DS in the current animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Panagaki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Janickova
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Petrovic
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-E.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Karim Zuhra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter P Jurányi
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Semmelweis University, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Olivier Bremer
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Ascenção
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Thilo M Philipp
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, HUN-REN-UVMB Laboratory of Redox Biology Research Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Chemistry Institute, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Milos R Filipovic
- Leibniz-Institut Für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-E.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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154
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Su X, Li Q, Yang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Ba Y, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Han L, Huang H. Resveratrol protects against a high-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing mitochondrial fission via targeting SIRT1/PGC-1α. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114899. [PMID: 39059737 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Various health issues have emerged due to consuming high-fat diets (HFD), particularly the detrimental impact they have on mitochondrial dynamics and subsequet cognition functions. Specially, mitochondrial fission can serve as an upstream signal in the regulation of cortical inflammation and neural pyroptosis. Our study was designed to verify the existence of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and demonstrated that resveratrol (RSV) attenuated neural deficits via regulation of cortical mitochondrial fission. A total of 50 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (Cont, 26 weeks on normal rodent diet); high-fat diet (HFD); dietary adjustments (HFD + ND); resveratrol intervention (HFD + R); joint intervention (HFD + ND + R) for 26 weeks. The spatial learning and memory function, spine density, NLRP3 inflammasome associated protein, mRNA and protein expression involved in mitochondrial dynamics and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway in brain were measured. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and resultant mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) alteration in PC12 cells exposed to palmitic acid (PA) or Drp1 inhibitor (Mdivi-1) were detected to reflect mitochondrial function. The findings suggested that prolonged treatment of RSV improved cognitive deficits and neuronal damage induced by HFD, potentially attributed to activation of the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis. We further indicated that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in PA (200 μM) treated PC12 cells could be inhibited by Mdivi-1. More importantly, Mdivi-1 (10 μM) reduced intracellular ROS levels and enhanced MMP by reversing Drp1-mediated aberrant mitochondrial fission. To summarize, those results clearly indicated that a HFD inhibited the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, which contributed to an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics and the onset of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. This effect was mitigated by the RSV possibly through triggering the SIRT1/PGC-1α axis, prevented aberrant mitochondrial fission and thus inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China; Shandong Engineering Research Center of Biomarker and Artificial Intelligence Application, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China; Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China.
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155
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Frederick MI, Nassef MZ, Borrelli MJ, Kuang S, Buensuceso A, More T, Cordes T, O'Donoghue P, Shepherd TG, Hiller K, Heinemann IU. Metabolic adaptation in epithelial ovarian cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167312. [PMID: 38901649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is highly lethal due to its unique metastatic characteristics. EOC spheroids enter a non-proliferative state, with hypoxic cores and reduced oncogenic signaling, all of which contribute to tumour dormancy during metastasis. We investigated the metabolomic states of EOC cells progressing through the three steps to metastasis. Metabolomes of adherent, spheroid, and re-adherent cells were validated by isotopic metabolic flux analysis and mitochondrial functional assays to identify metabolic pathways that were previously unknown to promote EOC metastasis. Although spheroids were thought to exist in a dormant state, metabolomic analysis revealed an unexpected upregulation of energy production pathways in spheroids, accompanied by increased abundance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain proteins. Tracing of 13C-labelled glucose and glutamine showed increased pyruvate carboxylation and decreased glutamine anaplerosis in spheroids. Increased reductive carboxylation suggests spheroids adjust redox homeostasis by shuttling cytosolic NADPH into mitochondria via isocitrate dehydrogenase. Indeed, we observed spheroids have increased respiratory capacity and mitochondrial ATP production. Relative to adherent cells, spheroids reduced serine consumption and metabolism, processes which were reversed upon spheroid re-adherence. The data reveal a distinct metabolism in EOC spheroids that enhances energy production by the mitochondria while maintaining a dormant state with respect to growth and proliferation. The findings advance our understanding of EOC metastasis and identify the TCA cycle and mitochondrional activity as novel targets to disrupt EOC metastasis, providing new approaches to treat advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory I Frederick
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Z Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthew J Borrelli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Siyun Kuang
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Adrian Buensuceso
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Tushar More
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thekla Cordes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Trevor G Shepherd
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; London Regional Cancer Program, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ilka U Heinemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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156
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Greer J, Ali A, Laksman C, Huang R, McClay M, Clewett D. Effortful retrieval of semantic memories induces forgetting of related negative and neutral episodic memories. Cognition 2024; 251:105908. [PMID: 39094255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) experiments show that the act of retrieving some recently encoded items from a given conceptual category leads to greater forgetting of competing items from that same category. However, RIF studies using emotional stimuli have produced mixed results, perhaps due to the reinstatement of arousal or negative affect during retrieval practice. To induce forgetting of negative episodic memories more indirectly, we examined if retrieving neutral semantic memories leads to RIF of related negative memories. In two experiments, participants studied eight categorized lists comprised of an equal number of negative and neutral words (Experiment 1) or neutral words preceded by neutral or negative images (Experiment 2). To avoid re-exposing individuals to negative material during retrieval practice, participants then performed a semantic memory retrieval task in which they generated (i.e., completed word-stems for) new neutral words from half of the studied categories. We found that semantic retrieval, or word generation, induced forgetting of recently studied words irrespective of their emotional valence or original emotional context. Additionally, across both experiments, less successful word generation was associated with stronger RIF effects. In Experiment 2, the magnitude of RIF was also correlated with higher subjective ratings of retrieval effort during word generation. Together, these results suggest that even when retrieving neutral semantic memories, effortful retrieval may enhance inhibitory processes that lead to forgetting of both neutral and negative episodic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Greer
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, United States of America.
| | - Amna Ali
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Camille Laksman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Ringo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - Mason McClay
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America
| | - David Clewett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States of America.
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157
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Tong H, Capuano AW, Carmichael OT, Gwizdala KL, Bennett DA, Ahima RS, Arnold SE, Arvanitakis Z. Brain Insulin Signaling is Associated with Late-Life Cognitive Decline. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2205-2215. [PMID: 38029396 PMCID: PMC11346412 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia, and the underlying mechanism might involve abnormal insulin signaling in the brain. The objective of this study was to examine the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive decline. Among participants of Religious Orders Study, a community-based clinical-pathological cohort, 150 deceased and autopsied older individuals (75 with diabetes matched to 75 without by age at death, sex, and education) had postmortem brain insulin signaling measurements collected in the prefrontal cortex using ELISA and immunohistochemistry. By using adjusted linear mixed-effects models, we examined the association of postmortem brain insulin signaling with late-life cognitive function assessed longitudinally (mean follow-up duration = 9.4 years) using a battery of neuropsychological tests. We found that a higher level of serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation (pT308AKT1/total AKT1) was associated with a faster decline in global cognition (estimate = -0.023, p = 0.030), and three domains: episodic memory (estimate = -0.024, p = 0.032), working memory (estimate = -0.018, p = 0.012), and visuospatial abilities (estimate = -0.013, p = 0.027). The level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) phosphorylation (pS307IRS1/total IRS1) was not associated with decline in global cognition or most cognitive domains, except for perceptual speed (estimate = 0.020, p = 0.020). The density of pS616IRS1-stained cells was not associated with decline in global cognition or any of the domains. In conclusion, these findings provide novel evidence for an association between brain insulin signaling and late-life cognitive decline. AKT phosphorylation is associated with a decline in global cognition and memory in particular, whereas IRS1 phosphorylation is associated with a decline in perceptual speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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158
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Marchesi S, De Tommaso D, Kompatsiari K, Wu Y, Wykowska A. Tools and methods to study and replicate experiments addressing human social cognition in interactive scenarios. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7543-7560. [PMID: 38782872 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, scientists investigating human social cognition have started bringing traditional laboratory paradigms more "into the wild" to examine how socio-cognitive mechanisms of the human brain work in real-life settings. As this implies transferring 2D observational paradigms to 3D interactive environments, there is a risk of compromising experimental control. In this context, we propose a methodological approach which uses humanoid robots as proxies of social interaction partners and embeds them in experimental protocols that adapt classical paradigms of cognitive psychology to interactive scenarios. This allows for a relatively high degree of "naturalness" of interaction and excellent experimental control at the same time. Here, we present two case studies where our methods and tools were applied and replicated across two different laboratories, namely the Italian Institute of Technology in Genova (Italy) and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore. In the first case study, we present a replication of an interactive version of a gaze-cueing paradigm reported in Kompatsiari et al. (J Exp Psychol Gen 151(1):121-136, 2022). The second case study presents a replication of a "shared experience" paradigm reported in Marchesi et al. (Technol Mind Behav 3(3):11, 2022). As both studies replicate results across labs and different cultures, we argue that our methods allow for reliable and replicable setups, even though the protocols are complex and involve social interaction. We conclude that our approach can be of benefit to the research field of social cognition and grant higher replicability, for example, in cross-cultural comparisons of social cognition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Marchesi
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Department, A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Davide De Tommaso
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Kyveli Kompatsiari
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Yan Wu
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Department, A*STAR Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Agnieszka Wykowska
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy.
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159
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Yamanaka K, Suzuki M, Pham LT, Tomita K, Van Nguyen T, Takagishi M, Tsukioka K, Gouraud S, Waki H. Involvement of D1 dopamine receptor in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rats in stress-induced hypertension and exercise. J Hypertens 2024; 42:1795-1804. [PMID: 38973449 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress can cause hypertension, whereas daily exercise promotes healthy well being through destressing. Although the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is involved in the development of hypertension, the molecular and physiological mechanisms of stress and exercise remain unclear. In this study, we tested whether gene expression in the NTS is altered by stress and daily exercise and whether this is involved in cardiovascular regulation. METHODS We have performed RT 2 Profiler PCR arrays targeting a panel of neurotransmitter receptor genes in the NTS of Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress (1 h a day over 3 weeks) with or without voluntary wheel exercise. We also performed immunohistochemistry to determine whether the identified molecules were expressed at the protein level. Additionally, microinjection studies in anesthetized rats were performed to examine whether validated molecules exhibit physiological roles in cardiovascular regulation of the NTS. RESULTS We observed that blood pressure was significantly increased by stress and the increase was suppressed by exercise. Using PCR analysis, we determined that the expression levels of four genes in the NTS, including the dopamine receptor D1 gene ( Drd1 ), were significantly affected by stress and suppressed by exercise. We also examined dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expression in NTS neurons and found significantly greater expression in the stressed than nonstressed animals. Furthermore, the microinjection of a D1R agonist into the NTS in anesthetized rats induced hypotensive effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that NTS D1R plays a role in the counteracting processes of stress-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Linh Thuy Pham
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Keisuke Tomita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Thu Van Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Miwa Takagishi
- Department of Therapeutic Health Promotion, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka
| | - Kei Tsukioka
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
| | - Sabine Gouraud
- Department of Natural Science, College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University, Tokyo
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, Inzai, Chiba, Japan
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Liang Z, Yang Z, Xie H, Rao J, Xu X, Lin Y, Wang C, Chen C. Small extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate spinal cord injury via miR-146a-5p-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2259-2269. [PMID: 38488560 PMCID: PMC11034578 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00027/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury. Strikingly, hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs (HSEVs) exhibit increased therapeutic potency. We thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord repair. SEVs or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient ultracentrifugation. HSEV administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord inflammation. HSEVs regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro. MicroRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that miR-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Reducing miR-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage polarization. Our data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting miR-146a-5p, which alters macrophage polarization. This study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhelun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haishu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jian Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiongjie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yike Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Neurosurgical Institute, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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161
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Glover CN, Borowiec BG, Joyce W. Editorial: Common methodological issues in comparative biochemistry and physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111697. [PMID: 39002941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Joyce
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Spain
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Allende LG, Natalí L, Cragnolini AB, Bollo M, Musri MM, de Mendoza D, Martín MG. Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in aged astrocytes impairs cholesterol delivery to neurons and can be rescued by cannabinoids. Glia 2024; 72:1746-1765. [PMID: 38856177 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is crucial for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells, especially neurons, which rely on cholesterol to maintain their complex structure and facilitate synaptic transmission. However, brain cells are isolated from peripheral cholesterol by the blood-brain barrier and mature neurons primarily uptake the cholesterol synthesized by astrocytes for proper function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aging on cholesterol trafficking in astrocytes and its delivery to neurons. We found that aged astrocytes accumulated high levels of cholesterol in the lysosomal compartment, and this cholesterol buildup can be attributed to the simultaneous occurrence of two events: decreased levels of the ABCA1 transporter, which impairs ApoE-cholesterol export from astrocytes, and reduced expression of NPC1, which hinders cholesterol release from lysosomes. We show that these two events are accompanied by increased microR-33 in aged astrocytes, which targets ABCA1 and NPC1. In addition, we demonstrate that the microR-33 increase is triggered by oxidative stress, one of the hallmarks of aging. By coculture experiments, we show that cholesterol accumulation in astrocytes impairs the cholesterol delivery from astrocytes to neurons. Remarkably, we found that this altered transport of cholesterol could be alleviated through treatment with endocannabinoids as well as cannabidiol or CBD. Finally, according to data demonstrating that aged astrocytes develop an A1 phenotype, we found that cholesterol buildup is also observed in reactive C3+ astrocytes. Given that reduced neuronal cholesterol affects synaptic plasticity, the ability of cannabinoids to restore cholesterol transport from aged astrocytes to neurons holds significant implications in aging and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro G Allende
- Departamento de Neurobiología Molecular y celular, Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Natalí
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biofísica, Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea B Cragnolini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-UNC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Bollo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biofísica, Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melina M Musri
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biofísica, Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Diego de Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Microbiana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauricio G Martín
- Departamento de Neurobiología Molecular y celular, Instituto Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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163
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Shafiee A, Aghajanian S, Heidari E, Abbasi M, Jafarabady K, Baradaran S, Bakhtiyari M. Contribution of obesity in the association between fast-food consumption and depression: A mediation analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:623-629. [PMID: 39019234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a significant mental health concern, and the ubiquitous presence of fast-food in modern diets raises questions about its impact on mental well-being. Understanding the intricate relationship between fast-food consumption, obesity, and depression is essential for addressing the complex web of factors contributing to this public health issue. METHODS In this study, we analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning from 2008 to 2018, involving 31,460 participants. RESULTS Among the 31,460 subjects in the survey, 2871 exhibited signs of depression, with an average age of 48.2 years. Each additional weekly fast-food meal was linked to 4 % higher odds of depression, with consuming over two such meals increasing the odds by 24 %. Adjusted models exploring the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fast-food consumption, and depression indicated an increased risk with greater fast-food intake, especially within subgroups based on obesity status. Mediation analysis revealed that fast-food consumption and depression were largely independent of obesity, with obesity accounting for only 6.5 % of the total effect. No significant mediation effect was found in the overweight subgroup, but the mediated effect was increased with higher BMI in more obese patients, notably in those with BMI ≥ 30 or ≥40. Sensitivity analysis confirmed these findings with more conservative estimates across all subgroups. CONCLUSION This study highlights a substantial connection between fast-food consumption and depression. While obesity plays a role, it does not fully mediate the relationship, suggesting the presence of other contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sepehr Aghajanian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Heidari
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Kyana Jafarabady
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sania Baradaran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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164
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Zhu Q, Han F, Yu Y, Wang F, Wang Q, Shakeel A. A spinal circuit model with asymmetric cervical-lumbar layout controls backward locomotion and scratching in quadrupeds. Neural Netw 2024; 178:106422. [PMID: 38901095 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Locomotion and scratching are basic motor functions which are critically important for animal survival. Although the spinal circuits governing forward locomotion have been extensively investigated, the organization of spinal circuits and neural mechanisms regulating backward locomotion and scratching remain unclear. Here, we extend a model by Danner et al. to propose a spinal circuit model with asymmetrical cervical-lumbar layout to investigate these issues. In the model, the left-right alternation within the cervical and lumbar circuits is mediated by V 0D and V 0V commissural interneurons (CINs), respectively. With different control strategies, the model closely reproduces multiple experimental data of quadrupeds in different motor behaviors. Specifically, under the supraspinal drive, walk and trot are expressed in control condition, half-bound is expressed after deletion of V 0V CINs, and bound is expressed after deletion of V0 (V 0D and V 0V) CINs; in addition, unilateral hindlimb scratching occurs in control condition and synchronous bilateral hindlimb scratching appears after deletion of V 0V CINs. Under the combined drive of afferent feedback and perineal stimulation, different coordination patterns between hindlimbs during BBS (backward-biped-spinal) locomotion are generated. The results suggest that (1) the cervical and lumbar circuits in the spinal network are asymmetrically recruited during particular rhythmic limb movements. (2) Multiple motor behaviors share a single spinal network under the reconfiguration of the spinal network by supraspinal inputs or somatosensory feedback. Our model provides new insights into the organization of motor circuits and neural control of rhythmic limb movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zhu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fang Han
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengjie Wang
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Dynamics and Control, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Awais Shakeel
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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165
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Lei L, Lai CSW, Lee TMC, Lam CLM. The effect of transcranial direct current and magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and return of fear: A meta-analysis and systematic review. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:263-286. [PMID: 38908557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a meta-analysis and qualitative review on the randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation on fear extinction and the return of fear in non-primate animals and humans. METHODS The meta-analysis was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library and extracting fear response in the active and sham groups in the randomized controlled trials. The pooled effect size was quantified by Hedges' g using a three-level meta-analytic model in R. RESULTS We identified 18 articles on the tDCS effect and 5 articles on the TMS effect, with 466 animal subjects and 621 human subjects. Our findings show that tDCS of the prefrontal cortex significantly inhibit fear retrieval in animal models (Hedges' g = -0.50). In human studies, TMS targeting the dorsolateral/ventromedial prefrontal cortex has an inhibiting effect on the return of fear (Hedges' g = -0.24). LIMITATIONS The limited number of studies and the heterogeneous designs of the selected studies made cross-study and cross-species comparison difficult. CONCLUSIONS Our findings shed light on the optimal non-invasive brain stimulation protocols for targeting the neural circuitry of threat extinction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Clinical Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cora S W Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tatia M C Lee
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlene L M Lam
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Laboratory of Clinical Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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166
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Zhai T. Druggable genome-wide Mendelian randomization for identifying the role of integrated stress response in therapeutic targets of bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:843-852. [PMID: 39025441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
For bipolar disorder (BD), the inconsistency of treatment guidelines and the long phases of pharmacological adjustment remain major challenges. BD is known to be comorbid with many medical and psychiatric conditions and they may share inflammatory and stress-related aetiologies, which could give rise to this association. The integrated stress response (ISR) responds to various stress conditions that lead to alterations in cellular homeostasis. However, as a causative mechanism underlying cognitive deficits and neurodegeneration in a broad range of brain disorders, the impact of ISR on BD is understudied. Mendelian randomization has been widely used to repurpose licensed drugs and discover novel therapeutic targets. Thus, we aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets for BD and analyze their pathophysiological mechanisms, using the summary data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and Bayesian colocalization (COLOC) methods to integrate the summary-level data of the GWAS on BD and the expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) study in blood. We utilized the GWAS data including 41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the eQTL data from 31,684 participants of predominantly European ancestry from the eQTLGen consortium. The SMR analysis identified the EIF2B5 gene that was associated with BD due to no linkage but pleiotropy or causality. The COLOC analysis strongly suggested that EIF2B5 and the trait of BD were affected by shared causal variants, and thus were colocalized. Utilizing data in EpiGraphDB we find other putative causal BD genes (EIF2AK4 and GSK3B) to prioritize potential alternative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhai
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Institute of Child Development and Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China; Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Southeast University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211189, China.
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167
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Knippenberg N, Lowdon JW, Frigoli M, Cleij TJ, Eersels K, van Grinsven B, Diliën H. Development towards a novel screening method for nipecotic acid bioisosteres using molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) as alternative to in vitro cellular uptake assays. Talanta 2024; 278:126500. [PMID: 38991407 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Impaired expression of GABA transporters (GATs) is closely related to the pathogenesis of among others Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. As such, lipophilic nipecotic acid analogs have been extensively studied as GAT1-addressing drugs and radioligands but suffer from limited brain uptake due to the zwitterionic properties of the nipecotic acid moiety. Bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid group is a promising strategy to improve the brain uptake, though it requires knowledge on the binding of these isosteres to GAT1. To screen nipecotic acid isosteres for their affinity to GAT1 in a time- and cost-effective manner, this research aims to develop a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) that mimics the natural binding site of GAT1 and can act as an alternative screening tool to the current radiometric and mass spectrometry cellular-based assays. To this end, a nipecotic acid MIP was created using the electropolymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine (oPD) by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The optimization of the generated receptor layer was achieved by varying the scan rate (50-250 mV/s) and number of CV cycles (5-12), yielding an optimized MIP with an average imprinting factor of 2.6, a linear range of 1-1000 nm, and a theoretical LOD of 0.05 nm, as analyzed by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Selectivity studies facilitated the investigation of major binding interactions between the MIP and the substrate, building an experimental model that compares characteristics of various analogs. Results from this model indicate that the substrate carboxylic acid group plays a more important role in binding than an amine group, after comparing the binding of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (average IF of 1.7) and piperidine (average IF of 0.46). The research culminates in a discussion regarding the feasibility of the in vitro model, comparing the synthetic system against the biological performance of GAT1. Thus, evaluating if it is possible to generate a synthetic GAT1 mimic, and if so, provide directions for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Knippenberg
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joseph W Lowdon
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Margaux Frigoli
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Cleij
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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168
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Li R, Yang Y, Wang L, Tang G, Yang J, Gao S, Liu J. Blockade of pre- and post-synaptic GABA B receptors in the anteroventral bed nucleus of stria terminalis produces anxiolytic-like and anxiety-like effects in parkinsonian rats respectively. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110033. [PMID: 38866066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The anteroventral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (avBNST) is a limbic forebrain region involved in the regulation of anxiety, and expresses GABAB receptors, which are located at both pre- and post-synaptic sites. However, it is unclear how blockade of these receptors affects anxiety-like behaviors, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD)-related anxiety. In the present study, unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta in rats induced anxiety-like behaviors, and increased GABA release and decreased glutamate release in the avBNST, as well as decreased level of dopamine (DA) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). Intra-avBNST injection of pre-synaptic GABAB receptor antagonist CGP36216 produced anxiolytic-like effects, while the injection of post-synaptic GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 induced anxiety-like responses in both sham and 6-OHDA rats. Intra-avBNST injection of CGP36216 inhibited the GABAergic neurons and increased GABA/glutamate ratio in the avBNST and increased levels of DA and serotonin (5-HT) in the BLA; conversely, CGP35348 produced opposite effects on the firing activity of avBNST GABAergic neurons and levels of the neurotransmitters in the avBNST and BLA. Moreover, the doses of the antagonists producing significant behavioral effects in 6-OHDA rats were lower than those in sham rats, and the duration of action of the antagonists on the firing rate of the neurons and release of the neurotransmitters was prolonged in 6-OHDA rats. Altogether, these findings suggest that pre- and post-synaptic GABAB receptors in the avBNST are implicated in PD-related anxiety-like behaviors, and degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway enhances functions and/or upregulates expression of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruotong Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Guoyi Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Shasha Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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169
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Wang X, Lee HK, Tong SX. Temporal dynamics and neural variabilities underlying the interplay between emotion and inhibition in Chinese autistic children. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149030. [PMID: 38821334 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the neural dynamics underlying the interplay between emotion and inhibition in Chinese autistic children. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded from 50 autistic and 46 non-autistic children during an emotional Go/Nogo task. Based on single-trial ERP analyses, autistic children, compared to their non-autistic peers, showed a larger Nogo-N170 for angry faces and an increased Nogo-N170 amplitude variation for happy faces during early visual perception. They also displayed a smaller N200 for all faces and a diminished Nogo-N200 amplitude variation for happy and neutral faces during inhibition monitoring and preparation. During the late stage, autistic children showed a larger posterior-Go-P300 for angry faces and an augmented posterior-Nogo-P300 for happy and neutral faces. These findings clarify the differences in neural processing of emotional stimuli and inhibition between Chinese autistic and non-autistic children, highlighting the importance of considering these dynamics when designing intervention to improve emotion regulation in autistic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shelley Xiuli Tong
- Human Communication, Learning, and Development, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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170
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Lu Y, Wu S. Learning sequence attractors in recurrent networks with hidden neurons. Neural Netw 2024; 178:106466. [PMID: 38968778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The brain is targeted for processing temporal sequence information. It remains largely unclear how the brain learns to store and retrieve sequence memories. Here, we study how recurrent networks of binary neurons learn sequence attractors to store predefined pattern sequences and retrieve them robustly. We show that to store arbitrary pattern sequences, it is necessary for the network to include hidden neurons even though their role in displaying sequence memories is indirect. We develop a local learning algorithm to learn sequence attractors in the networks with hidden neurons. The algorithm is proven to converge and lead to sequence attractors. We demonstrate that the network model can store and retrieve sequences robustly on synthetic and real-world datasets. We hope that this study provides new insights in understanding sequence memory and temporal information processing in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center of Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, China
| | - Si Wu
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Center of Quantitative Biology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, China.
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Ren X, White EJ, Nacke M, Mayeli A, Touthang J, Al Zoubi O, Kuplicki R, Victor TA, Paulus MP, Aupperle RL, Stewart JL. Blunted stimulus-preceding negativity during reward anticipation in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:779-787. [PMID: 39029684 PMCID: PMC11316661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing dysfunction is a core characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD), yet event-related potential (ERP) research in MDD has predominantly focused on reward receipt as opposed to anticipation. The stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) ERP reflects anticipatory brain processing. This study examines whether individuals with MDD exhibit deficits during reward anticipation as evidenced by altered SPN amplitude. METHODS We assessed prefeedback-SPN amplitudes during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in individuals with MDD (n = 142, 99 with comorbid anxiety disorders [MDD + ANX]) compared to Controls (n = 37). A mixed analysis of variance was performed on prefeedback-SPN amplitude and behavioral measures, with group (MDD, MDD + ANX, Control) as the between-subjects factor, and feedback (gain, loss) and electrode (F3, F4, Fz, C3, C4, Cz, P3, P4, Pz) as within-subjects factors. RESULTS A group main effect revealed faster reaction times for the Control group than MDD and MDD + ANX groups. A group x feedback interaction indicated that the MDD subgroup had smaller prefeedback-SPN amplitudes than MDD + ANX and Control groups when anticipating gain feedback. Additionally, individuals with current MDD, irrespective of past MDD and comorbid anxiety, exhibited smaller SPN amplitudes than Controls prior to gain feedback. LIMITATIONS The MID paradigm, designed for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data acquisition, lacks optimization for ERP analysis. Moreover, the clinical groups included more females than the Control group. CONCLUSIONS Reduced resource allocation to reward anticipation may differentiate MDD from MDD + ANX and Control groups. Further investigation of the neural mechanisms of distinct MDD phenotypes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Ren
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States.
| | - Evan J White
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Mariah Nacke
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James Touthang
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Obada Al Zoubi
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rayus Kuplicki
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Teresa A Victor
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Robin L Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, United States; Oxley College of Health and Natural Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
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172
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Steinmassl K, Paulus M. Malleability of the sense of bodily self in early childhood: 5- and 6-year-old children show the enfacement illusion. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 246:105990. [PMID: 38909521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the developing sense of bodily self are debated. Whereas some scholars stress the role of sensory factors, others propose the importance of contextual factors. By manipulating multisensory stimulation and social familiarity with the other person, we explored two factors that are proposed to relate to young children's developing sense of bodily self. Including an adult sample allowed us to investigate age-related differences of the malleability of the bodily self. To this end, the study implemented an enfacement illusion with children (N = 64) and adults (N = 33). Participants were exposed to one trial with synchronous interpersonal multisensory stimulation and one trial with asynchronous interpersonal multisensory stimulation-either with a stranger or with the mother as the other person. A self-recognition task using morph videos of self and other and an enfacement questionnaire were implemented as dependent measures. Results revealed evidence for the presence of the enfacement effect in children in both measures. The identity of the other person had a significant effect on the self-recognition task. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effect was significantly smaller in the caregiver condition. No significant differences between children and adults emerged. Our results demonstrate the role of both multisensory stimulation and contextual-here social familiarity-factors for the construction and development of a bodily self. The study provides developmental science with a novel approach to the bodily self by showing the validity of the self-recognition task in a child sample. Overall, the study supports proposals that the sense of bodily self is malleable early in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Steinmassl
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Paulus
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
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173
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Wilson BM, Seale-Carlisle TM, Colloff MF. Feeling the future of eyewitness research. Cognition 2024; 251:105879. [PMID: 39083884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
For decades, eyewitness memory research has had the worthy goal of minimizing the chances that an innocent suspect is falsely identified. However, this is not the only goal. Partial receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves provide a way to identify lineup procedures that keep the false alarm rate low while also maximizing the hit rate. Recently, there have been attempts to extend the ROC curve into high false alarm rate regions that fair lineups are intentionally designed to avoid. These new full ROCs could provide a way for the police to circumvent the protections offered by fillers in a fair lineup. Moreover, these attempts to extend the ROC curve are not based on a mathematically coherent model of latent diagnostic signals. In this article, we empirically demonstrate how this lack of a solid foundation can lead to dubious conclusions, such as eyewitnesses possessing precognition and being able to reliably identify the person they will see commit a crime in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent M Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| | | | - Melissa F Colloff
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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174
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Deng Z, Gao J, Li T, Chen Y, Gao B, Fang F, Culham JC, Chen J. Viewpoint adaptation revealed potential representational differences between 2D images and 3D objects. Cognition 2024; 251:105903. [PMID: 39126975 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
For convenience and experimental control, cognitive science has relied largely on images as stimuli rather than the real, tangible objects encountered in the real world. Recent evidence suggests that the cognitive processing of images may differ from real objects, especially in the processing of spatial locations and actions, thought to be mediated by the dorsal visual stream. Perceptual and semantic processing in the ventral visual stream, however, has been assumed to be largely unaffected by the realism of objects. Several studies have found that one key difference accounting for differences between real objects and images is actability; however, less research has investigated another potential difference - the three-dimensional nature of real objects as conveyed by cues like binocular disparity. To investigate the extent to which perception is affected by the realism of a stimulus, we compared viewpoint adaptation when stimuli (a face or a kettle) were 2D (flat images without binocular disparity) vs. 3D (i.e., real, tangible objects or stereoscopic images with binocular disparity). For both faces and kettles, adaptation to 3D stimuli induced stronger viewpoint aftereffects than adaptation to 2D images when the adapting orientation was rightward. A computational model suggested that the difference in aftereffects could be explained by broader viewpoint tuning for 3D compared to 2D stimuli. Overall, our finding narrowed the gap between understanding the neural processing of visual images and real-world objects by suggesting that compared to 2D images, real and simulated 3D objects evoke more broadly tuned neural representations, which may result in stronger viewpoint invariance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Deng
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and the School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510631, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and the School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510631, China
| | - Toni Li
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and the School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510631, China
| | - BoYu Gao
- College of Information Science and Technology/Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fang Fang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Machine Perception (Ministry of Education), Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jody C Culham
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and the School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510631, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China.
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175
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Murack M, Kadamani AK, Guindon-Riopel A, Traynor OH, Iqbal UH, Bronner S, Messier C, Ismail N. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sleep, depression-like behaviour, and central glucose and lactate metabolism in male and female pubertal mice exposed to chronic sleep disruption. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107146. [PMID: 39079447 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression significantly increases during puberty and adolescence. Puberty is the period during which sexual maturity is attained, while adolescence persists beyond puberty and includes physiological, social, emotional, and cognitive maturation. A stressor that has been shown previously to induce depression is chronic sleep disruption. Probiotics can prevent stress-induced depression. However, it was unclear whether probiotics could prevent depression following chronic sleep disruption and what mechanism may be involved. Therefore, we investigated whether pubertal probiotic treatment could prevent depression-like behavior in mice following chronic sleep disruption. We also examined whether probiotic treatment could improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in chronically sleep-disrupted mice. We hypothesized that probiotic treatment would prevent depression-like behavior, improve sleep quality, and increase serotonin, tryptophan, glucose, and L-lactate concentrations in sleep-disrupted mice. Male and female mice (N=120) received cannula and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode implants at postnatal day (PND) 26. Mice received Lacidofil® or Cerebiome® probiotics (PND 33-51) and were sleep-disrupted for the first 4 hours of the light phase (sleep period) (PND 40-51). Hippocampal L-lactate and glucose concentrations and sleep were measured over a 24-h period (PND 48-49). Depression-like behaviour was evaluated using tail suspension (PND 49) and forced swim tests (PND 50). Chronic sleep disruption increased depression-like behaviour and NREM duration in the dark phase, and reduced all metabolites and neuromodulating biomolecules measured within the brain. However, mice treated with probiotics did not display depression-like behaviour or decreased hippocampal L-lactate following chronic sleep disruption. Cerebiome prevented decreases to prefrontal serotonin and hippocampal glucose concentrations, while Lacidofil increased NREM duration in the latter half of the light phase. The current study not only replicates previous findings linking chronic sleep disruption to depression, but also demonstrates that pubertal probiotic treatment can mitigate the effects of chronic sleep disruption on depression-like behaviour and on the neural mechanisms underlying depression in a strain-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murack
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anthony K Kadamani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexi Guindon-Riopel
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia H Traynor
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Umar Haris Iqbal
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmont Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bronner
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Royalmont Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Claude Messier
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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176
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Brown RI, Barber HM, Kucenas S. Satellite glial cell manipulation prior to axotomy enhances developing dorsal root ganglion central branch regrowth into the spinal cord. Glia 2024; 72:1766-1784. [PMID: 39141572 PMCID: PMC11325082 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) exhibit remarkable diversity in the capacity to regenerate following neuronal injury with PNS injuries being much more likely to regenerate than those that occur in the CNS. Glial responses to damage greatly influence the likelihood of regeneration by either promoting or inhibiting axonal regrowth over time. However, despite our understanding of how some glial lineages participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration, less is known about the contributions of peripheral satellite glial cells (SGC) to regeneration failure following central axon branch injury of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. Here, using in vivo, time-lapse imaging in larval zebrafish coupled with laser axotomy, we investigate the role of SGCs in axonal regeneration. In our studies we show that SGCs respond to injury by relocating their nuclei to the injury site during the same period that DRG neurons produce new central branch neurites. Laser ablation of SGCs prior to axon injury results in more neurite growth attempts and ultimately a higher rate of successful central axon regrowth, implicating SGCs as inhibitors of regeneration. We also demonstrate that this SGC response is mediated in part by ErbB signaling, as chemical inhibition of this receptor results in reduced SGC motility and enhanced central axon regrowth. These findings provide new insights into SGC-neuron interactions under injury conditions and how these interactions influence nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin I Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather M Barber
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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177
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AlSharari SD, Alameen AA, Aldafiri FS, Ali YS, Alshammari MA, Sari Y, Damaj MI. Activation of α7 nicotinic receptors attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by palatable obesogenic diet withdrawal. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:86-101. [PMID: 39179339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of palatable food (PF) can alleviate anxiety, and pain in humans. Contrary, spontaneous withdrawal of long-term PF intake produces anxiogenic-like behavior and abnormal pain sensation, causing challenges to weight-loss diet and anti-obesity agents. Thus, we examined α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR) involvement since it plays essential role in nociception and psychological behaviors. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice were placed on a Standard Chow (SC) alone or with PF on intermittent or continuous regimen for 6 weeks. Then, mice were replaced with normal SC (spontaneous withdrawal). Body weight, food intake, and calories intake with and without the obesogenic diet were measured throughout the study. During PF withdrawal, anxiety-like behaviors and pain sensitivity were measured with PNU-282987 (α7nAChR agonist) administration. RESULTS Six weeks of SC + PF-intermittent and continuous paradigms produced a significant weight gain. PF withdrawal displayed hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. During withdrawal, PNU-282987 significantly attenuated hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors. CONCLUSION The present study shows that a PF can increase food intake and body weight. Also, enhanced pain sensitivity and anxiety-like behavior were observed during PF withdrawal. α7nAChR activation attenuated anxiolytic-like behavior and hyperalgesia in PF abstinent mice. These data suggest potential therapeutic effects of targeting α7 nAChRs for obesity-withdrawal symptoms in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir D AlSharari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa A Alameen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawzeyah S Aldafiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif S Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad A Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - M I Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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178
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Wang H, Chen J, Yuan Z, Huang Y, Lin F. NHSMM-MAR-sdNC: A novel data-driven computational framework for state-dependent effective connectivity analysis. Med Image Anal 2024; 97:103290. [PMID: 39094462 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2024.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The brain exhibits intrinsic dynamics characterized by spontaneous spatiotemporal reorganization of neural activity or metastability, which is associated closely with functional integration and segregation. Compared to dynamic functional connectivity, state-dependent effective connectivity (i.e., dynamic effective connectivity) is more suitable for exploring the metastability as its ability to infer causalities between brain regions. However, methods for state-dependent effective connectivity are scarce and urgently needed. In this study, a novel data-driven computational framework, named NHSMM-MAR-sdNC integrating nonparametric hidden semi-Markov model combined with multivariate autoregressive model and state-dependent new causality, is proposed to investigate the state-dependent effective connectivity. The framework is not constrained by any biological assumptions. Furthermore, state number can be inferred from the observed data directly and the state duration distributions will be estimated explicitly rather than restricted by geometric form, which overcomes limitations of hidden Markov model. Experimental results of synthetic data show that the framework can identify the state number adaptively and the state-dependent causality networks accurately. The dynamics of state-related causality networks are also revealed by the new method on real-world resting-state fMRI data. Our method provides a new data-driven computational framework for identifying state-dependent effective connectivity, which will facilitate the identification and assessment of metastability and itinerant dynamics of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houxiang Wang
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Zihao Yuan
- School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Yangxin Huang
- School of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Fuchun Lin
- National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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179
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Amo-Aparicio J, Dinarello CA, Lopez-Vales R. Metabolic reprogramming of the inflammatory response in the nervous system: the crossover between inflammation and metabolism. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2189-2201. [PMID: 38488552 PMCID: PMC11034585 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a fundamental process by which biochemicals are broken down to produce energy (catabolism) or used to build macromolecules (anabolism). Metabolism has received renewed attention as a mechanism that generates molecules that modulate multiple cellular responses. This was first identified in cancer cells as the Warburg effect, but it is also present in immunocompetent cells. Studies have revealed a bidirectional influence of cellular metabolism and immune cell function, highlighting the significance of metabolic reprogramming in immune cell activation and effector functions. Metabolic processes such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation have been shown to undergo dynamic changes during immune cell response, facilitating the energetic and biosynthetic demands. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the metabolic reprogramming that occurs in different immune cells upon activation, with a special focus on central nervous system disorders. Understanding the metabolic changes of the immune response not only provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms that regulate immune cell function but also opens new approaches for therapeutic strategies aimed at manipulating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruben Lopez-Vales
- Institute of Neurosciences, and Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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180
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Kugler BA, Lysaker CR, Franczak E, Hauger BM, Csikos V, Stopperan JA, Allen JA, Stanford JA, Koch LG, Britton SL, Thyfault JP, Wilkins HM. Intrinsic aerobic capacity modulates Alzheimer's disease pathological hallmarks, brain mitochondrial function and proteome during aging. GeroScience 2024; 46:4955-4967. [PMID: 38867031 PMCID: PMC11336007 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Low aerobic capacity is strongly associated with all-cause mortality and risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with early dementia and AD have lower aerobic capacity compared to age-matched controls. The mechanism by which aerobic capacity influences AD risk is unknown but is likely mediated by sexual dimorphism and tissue-level differences in mitochondrial energetics. Here, we used rats selectively bred for large differences in intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity. Brain tissue from 18-month and 24-month-old female and male low-capacity runner (LCR) and high-capacity runner (HCR) rats were analyzed for markers of mitochondrial function and AD-associated pathologies. LCR rats, irrespective of sex, exhibited a greater increase in brain amyloid beta (Aβ42) and tau hyperphosphorylation (pTauthr181/total tau) with aging. In female LCR rats, brain mitochondrial respiration at states 3, 4, and FCCP-induced uncoupling, when stimulated with pyruvate/malate, was reduced at 18 and 24 months, leading to lower ATP-linked mitochondrial respiration compared to mitochondria from HCR rats. Male LCR rats also showed reduced complex II-stimulated mitochondrial respiration (succinate + rotenone) at 24 months compared to HCR rats. Differences in mitochondrial respiration were associated with tau hyperphosphorylation and Aβ42 alterations in both HCR and LCR strains. Proteomic analysis unveiled a distinct difference in the mitochondrial proteome, wherein female LCR rats displayed diminished mitochondrial translation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins at 18 months compared to female HCR rats. Conversely, male LCR rats exhibited increased OXPHOS protein abundance but reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins compared to male HCR rats. These findings underscore a robust association between intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity, brain mitochondrial function, and AD pathologies during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Kugler
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Colton R Lysaker
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Edziu Franczak
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brittany M Hauger
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Vivien Csikos
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julia A Stopperan
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Julie A Allen
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John A Stanford
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and Internal Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Research Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Kansas Diabetes Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- University of Kansas Medical Center Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Blednov YA, Shawlot W, Homanics GE, Osterndorff-Kahanek EA, Mason S, Mayfield J, Smalley JL, Moss SJ, Messing RO. The PDE4 inhibitor apremilast modulates ethanol responses in Gabrb1-S409A knock-in mice via PKA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110035. [PMID: 38876310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
We previously showed that the PDE4 inhibitor apremilast reduces ethanol consumption in mice by protein kinase A (PKA) and GABAergic mechanisms. Preventing PKA phosphorylation of GABAA β3 subunits partially blocked apremilast-mediated decreases in drinking. Here, we produced Gabrb1-S409A mice to render GABAA β1 subunits resistant to PKA-mediated phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of the S409A mutation and lack of changes in β1 subunit expression or phosphorylation at other residues. β1-S409A male and female mice did not differ from wild-type C57BL/6J mice in expression of Gabrb1, Gabrb2, or Gabrb3 subunits or in behavioral characteristics. Apremilast prolonged recovery from ethanol ataxia to a greater extent in Gabrb1-S409A mice but prolonged recovery from zolpidem and propofol to a similar extent in both genotypes. Apremilast shortened recovery from diazepam ataxia in wild-type but prolonged recovery in Gabrb1-S409A mice. In wild-type mice, the PKA inhibitor H89 prevented apremilast modulation of ataxia by ethanol and diazepam, but not by zolpidem. In Gabrb1-S409A mice, inhibiting PKA or EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) partially reversed apremilast potentiation of ethanol, diazepam, and zolpidem ataxia. Apremilast prevented acute tolerance to ethanol ataxia in both genotypes, but there were no genotype differences in ethanol consumption before or after apremilast. In contrast to results in Gabrb3-S408A/S409A mice, PKA phosphorylation of β1-containing GABAA receptors is not required for apremilast's effects on acute tolerance or on ethanol consumption but is required for its ability to decrease diazepam intoxication. Besides PKA we identified EPAC2 as an additional cAMP-dependent mechanism by which apremilast regulates responses to GABAergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William Shawlot
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Sonia Mason
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jody Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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182
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Brandt M, Kosmeijer C, Achterberg E, de Theije C, Nijboer C. Timed fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia cause cortical white matter injury, interneuron imbalances, and behavioral deficits in a double-hit rat model of encephalopathy of prematurity. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100817. [PMID: 39188404 PMCID: PMC11345510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme preterm birth-associated adversities are a major risk factor for aberrant brain development, known as encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP), which can lead to long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. Although progress in clinical care for preterm infants has markedly improved perinatal outcomes, there are currently no curative treatment options available to combat EoP. EoP has a multifactorial etiology, including but not limited to pre- or postnatal immune activation and oxygen fluctuations. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of EoP and determining the efficacy of potential therapies relies on valid, clinically translatable experimental models that reflect the neurodevelopmental and pathophysiological hallmarks of EoP. Here, we expand on our double-hit rat model that can be used to study EoP disease mechanisms and therapeutic options in a preclinical setting. Pregnant Wistar dams were intraperitoneally injected with 10 μg/kg LPS on embryonic day (E)20 and offspring was subjected to hypoxia (140 min, 8% O2) at postnatal day 4. Rats exposed to fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia (FIPH) showed neurodevelopmental impairments, such as reduced nest-seeking ability, ultrasonic vocalizations, social engagement, and working memory, and increased anxiety and sensitivity. Impairments in myelination, oligodendrocyte maturation and interneuron development were examined as hallmarks for EoP, in different layers and coordinates of the cortex using histological and molecular techniques. Myelin density and complexity was decreased in the cortex, which partially coincided with a decrease in mature oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, interneuron populations (GAD67+ and PVALB+) were affected. To determine if the timing of inducing fetal inflammation affected the severity of EoP hallmarks in the cortex, multiple timepoints of fetal inflammation were compared. Inflammation at E20 combined with postnatal hypoxia gave the most severe EoP phenotype in the cortex. In conclusion, we present a double-hit rat model which displays various behavioral, anatomical and molecular hallmarks of EoP, including diffuse white matter injury. This double-hit model can be used to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms and potential therapies for EoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J.V. Brandt
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.M. Kosmeijer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E.J.M. Achterberg
- Department of Animals in Science and Society, Division of Behavioural Neuroscience, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.G.M. de Theije
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.H. Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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183
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Yang M, Zhu H, Peng L, Yin T, Sun S, Du Y, Li J, Liu J, Wang S. Neuronal HIPK2-HDAC3 axis regulates mitochondrial fragmentation to participate in stroke injury and post-stroke anxiety like behavior. Exp Neurol 2024; 380:114906. [PMID: 39079624 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke anxiety (PSA) seriously affects the prognosis of patients, which is an urgent clinical problem to be addressed. However, the pathological mechanism of PSA is largely unclear. Here, we found that neuronal HIPK2 expression was upregulated in the ischemic lesion after stroke. The upregulation of HIPK2 promotes Drp1 oligomerization through the HDAC3-dependent pathway, leading to excessive mitochondrial damage. This subsequently triggers the release of cellular cytokines such as IL-18 from neurons under ischemic stress. Microglia are capable of responding to IL-18, which promotes their activation and enhances their phagocytosis, ultimately resulting in the loss of synapses and neurons, thereby exacerbating the pathological progression of PSA. HIPK2 knockdown or inhibition suppresses excessive pruning of neuronal synapses by activated microglia in the contralateral vCA1 region to compromise inactivated anxiolytic pBLA-vCA1Calb1+ circuit, relieving anxiety-like behavior after stroke. Furthermore, we discovered that early remimazolam administration can remodel HIPK2-HDAC3 axis, ameliorating the progression of PSA. In conclusion, our study revealed that the neuronal HIPK2-HDAC3 axis in the ischemic focus regulates mitochondrial fragmentation to balance inflammation stress reservoir to participate in anxiety susceptibility after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Tianyue Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Shuaijie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuhao Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jinya Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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184
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Wang L, Li S, Hao Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Zuo L, Tai F, Yin L, Young LJ, Li D. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics reduces sociality and brain oxytocin levels through the gut-brain axis in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174026. [PMID: 38885706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The rising global prevalence of microplastics (MPs) has highlighted their diverse toxicological effects. The oxytocin (OT) system in mammals, deeply intertwined with social behaviors, is recognized to be vulnerable to environmental stressors. We hypothesized that MP exposure might disrupt this system, a topic not extensively studied. We investigated the effects of MPs on behavioral neuroendocrinology via the gut-brain axis by exposing adolescent male C57BL/6 mice to varied sizes (5 μm and 50 μm) and concentrations (100 μg/L and 1000 μg/L) of polystyrene MPs over 10 weeks. The results demonstrated that exposure to 50 μm MPs significantly reduced colonic mucin production and induced substantial alterations in gut microbiota. Notably, the 50 μm-100 μg/L group showed a significant reduction in OT content within the medial prefrontal cortex and associated deficits in sociality, along with damage to the blood-brain barrier. Importantly, blocking the vagal pathway ameliorated these behavioral impairments, emphasizing the pivotal role of the gut-brain axis in mediating neurobehavioral outcomes. Our findings confirm the toxicity of MPs on sociality and the corresponding neuroendocrine systems, shedding light on the potential hazards and adverse effects of environmental MPs exposure on social behavior and neuroendocrine frameworks in social mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Ecology Postdoctoral Research Station at Hebei Normal University, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Yaotong Hao
- Ocean College, Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066003, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Lirong Zuo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, China
| | - Liyun Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Larry J Young
- Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 3032, United States; Center for Social Neural Networks, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-857, Japan
| | - Dongming Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
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185
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Horata E, Ay H, Aslan D. Autistic-like behaviour and changes in thalamic cell numbers a rat model of valproic acid-induced autism; A behavioural and stereological study. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149047. [PMID: 38823508 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of the thalamus to the development and behavioural changes in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a neurodevelopmental syndrome, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in thalamic volume and cell number in the valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD model using stereological methods and to clarify the relationship between thalamus and ASD-like behaviour. Ten pregnant rats were administered a single dose (600 mg/kg) of VPA intraperitoneally on G12.5 (VPA group), while five pregnant rats were injected with 5 ml saline (control group). Behavioural tests were performed to determine appropriate subjects and ASD-like behaviours. At P55, the brains of the subjects were removed. The sagittal sections were stained with cresyl violet and toluidine blue. The thalamic and hemispheric volumes with their ratios, the total number of thalamic cells, neurons and non-neuronal cells were calculated using stereological methods. Data were compared using a t-test and a Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between behaviour and stereological outcomes. VPA-treated rats had lower sociability and sociability indexes. There was no difference in social novelty preference and anxiety. The VPA group had larger hemispheric volume, lower thalamic volume, and fewer neurons. The highest percentage decrease was in non-neuronal cells. There was a moderate positive correlation between the number of non-neuronal cells and sociability, thalamic volume and the number of neurons as well as the time spent in the light box. The correlation between behaviour and stereological data suggests that the thalamus is associated with ASD-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Horata
- Orthopedic Prosthesis Orthotics, Atatürk Health Services Vocational School, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Ay
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aslan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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186
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Becegato M, Silva RH. Female rodents in behavioral neuroscience: Narrative review on the methodological pitfalls. Physiol Behav 2024; 284:114645. [PMID: 39047942 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Since the NIH 'Sex as biological variable' policy, the percentage of studies including female subjects have increased largely. Nonetheless, many researchers fail to adequate their protocols to include females. In this narrative review, we aim to discuss the methodological pitfalls of the inclusion of female rodents in behavioral neuroscience. We address three points to consider in studies: the manipulations conducted only in female animals (such as estrous cycle monitoring, ovariectomy, and hormone replacement), the consideration of males as the standard, and biases related to interpretation and publication of the results. In addition, we suggest guidelines and perspectives for the inclusion of females in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Becegato
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; MaternaCiência, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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187
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Argueta DL, Brice KN, Wu-Chung EL, Chen MA, Lai VD, Paoletti-Hatcher J, Denny BT, Green C, Medina LD, Schulz P, Stinson J, Heijnen C, Fagundes CP. LPS-induced whole-blood cytokine production and depressive symptoms in dementia spousal caregivers: The moderating effect of childhood trauma. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107140. [PMID: 39032477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Dementia spousal caregivers are at risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Caregiver burden, anticipatory grief, and proinflammatory cytokine production may contribute to depressive symptoms among caregivers. People who report childhood trauma are more likely to have exaggerated stress responses that may also contribute to depressive symptoms in adulthood. This study aimed to test whether the relationship between whole-blood cytokine production and depressive symptoms is strongest in caregivers who report high levels of childhood trauma. METHODS A sample of 103 dementia spousal caregivers provided self-report data on demographics, health information, caregiver burden, anticipatory grief, and depressive symptoms. We also determined lipopolysaccharide-induced whole-blood cytokine production as the primary measure of immune cell reactivity. We measured interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and converted z-scores of each cytokine into a composite panel. We regressed depressive symptoms on proinflammatory cytokine production, caregiver burden, and anticipatory grief, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates. RESULTS Whole-blood cytokine production and childhood trauma were associated with depressive symptoms. Childhood trauma moderated the relationship between whole-blood cytokine production and depressive symptoms. Whole-blood cytokine production was only associated with depressive symptoms at mean and high levels of childhood trauma, but not at low levels of childhood trauma. The main effects of burden and anticipatory grief on depressive symptoms were strongest for caregivers reporting high levels of childhood trauma. DISCUSSION Childhood trauma has lasting impacts on psychosocial experiences later in life and has effects that may confer susceptibility to inflammation-related depression. Our findings contribute to ongoing efforts to identify risk factors for adverse mental health in dementia spousal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly N Brice
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, USA
| | | | | | - Vincent D Lai
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, USA
| | | | - Bryan T Denny
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, USA
| | - Charles Green
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | - Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, USA
| | - Paul Schulz
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, USA
| | | | - Cobi Heijnen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Houston, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
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188
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Wu H, Lu B, Xiang N, Qiu M, Da H, Xiao Q, Zhang Y, Shi H. Different activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex between anxious depression and non-anxious depression during an autobiographical memory task: A fNIRS study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:585-594. [PMID: 39019227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) previous studies have found that activation differences in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during an autobiographical memory task (AMT) under the condition of different emotional valences may be neurophysiological markers of depression and different depression subtypes. Additionally, compared with non-anxious depression, anxious depression presents abnormal hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC. This study aimed to use fNIRS to investigate hemodynamic activation in the DLPFC of depression patients with and without anxiety during AMT triggered by different emotional valence stimuli. METHODS We recruited 194 patients with depression (91 with non-anxious depression, 103 with anxious depression) and 110 healthy controls from Chinese college students. A 53-channel fNIRS was used to detect cerebral hemodynamic differences in the three groups during AMT. RESULTS The results showed that: (1) the activation of oxy-Hb in the left DLPFC was significantly higher under positive emotional valence than under negative emotional valence for healthy controls and patients with non-anxious depression, while there was no significant difference between positive and negative emotional valence observed in response to anxious depression; and (2) Oxy-Hb activation under negative emotional valence was significantly higher in the anxious depression group than in the non-anxious depression group. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the hemodynamic hyperactivation of negative emotional valence in the left DLPFC may be due to the neurophysiological differences between anxious and non-anxious patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Wu
- School of Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Baoquan Lu
- School of Education, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China; School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Nian Xiang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Da
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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189
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Sun Q, Xiong N, Wang Y, Xia Z, Chen J, Yan C, Sun H. Shared and distinct aberrations in frontal-striatal system functional patterns among patients with irritable bowel syndrome and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:391-403. [PMID: 38986877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the high comorbidity, shared risk factors, and genetic pathways between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and major depressive disorder (MDD), we hypothesized that there would be both shared and disorder-specific alterations in brain function. METHODS A total of 39 IBS patients, 39 MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled and matched for sex, age, and educational level. All subjects underwent resting-state functional MRI. The clinical variables of anxiety, depression, gastrointestinal symptoms and alexithymia were recorded. The 12 subregions of the striatum were employed as seeds to assess their functional connectivity (FC) with every voxel throughout the whole brain. RESULTS Compared to HC, IBS and MDD patients exhibited aberrant frontal-striatal circuitry. We observed a common decrease in FC between the dorsal striatum and regions of the hippocampus, sensorimotor cortex, and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in both IBS and MDD patients. Patients with IBS exhibited disorder-specific decreases in FC within the striatum, along with reduced connectivity between the ventral striatum and sensorimotor cortex. In contrast, MDD patients showed disorder-specific hyperconnectivity in the medial PFC-limbic system. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that frontal-striatal FC values could serve as transdiagnostic markers of IBS and MDD. Within the IBS group, striatal connectivity was not only negatively associated with weekly abdominal pain days but also negatively correlated with the levels of anxiety and alexithymia. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory analysis indicated that patients with IBS and MDD exhibited both shared and disorder-specific frontal-striatal circuit impairments, potentially explaining both comorbidity and distinct phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Nana Xiong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Chaogan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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190
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Rangel-Sosa MM, Mann F, Chauvet S. Pancreatic Schwann cell reprogramming supports cancer-associated neuronal remodeling. Glia 2024; 72:1840-1861. [PMID: 38961612 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system is a key regulator of cancer progression. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system inhibits cancer development. This inhibition is associated with extensive sympathetic nerve sprouting in early pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. However, the underlying mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles of pancreatic Schwann cells in the structural plasticity of sympathetic neurons. We examined the changes in the number and distribution of Schwann cells in a transgenic mouse model of PDAC and in a model of metaplastic pancreatic lesions induced by chronic inflammation. Schwann cells proliferated and expanded simultaneously with new sympathetic nerve sprouts in metaplastic/neoplastic pancreatic lesions. Sparse genetic labeling showed that individual Schwann cells in these lesions had a more elongated and branched structure than those under physiological conditions. Schwann cells overexpressed neurotrophic factors, including glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Sympathetic neurons upregulated the GDNF receptors and exhibited enhanced neurite growth in response to GDNF in vitro. Selective genetic deletion of Gdnf in Schwann cells completely blocked sympathetic nerve sprouting in metaplastic pancreatic lesions in vivo. This study demonstrated that pancreatic Schwann cells underwent adaptive reprogramming during early cancer development, supporting a protective antitumor neuronal response. These finding could help to develop new strategies to modulate cancer associated neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanny Mann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
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191
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Sebők-Welker T, Posta E, Ágrez K, Rádosi A, Zubovics EA, Réthelyi MJ, Ulbert I, Pászthy B, Bunford N. The Association Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Adolescent Affective Outcomes is Mediated by Childhood Maltreatment and Adolescent Behavioral Inhibition System Sensitivity. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1-21. [PMID: 36738426 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress is linked to offspring outcomes; however, there is little research on adolescents, behavioral, transdiagnostic outcomes, or the mechanisms through which relations operate. We examined, in N = 268 adolescents (Mage = 15.31 years; SD = 1.063; 57.8% boys) whether prenatal maternal stress is associated with adolescent affective outcomes; whether this association is mediated, serially, by childhood home atmosphere and adolescent behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity; and whether mediational effects are moderated by adolescent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or maternal internalizing symptomology. Prenatal maternal daily stress and major life events were associated with adolescent outcomes through childhood negative atmosphere/neglect and BIS sensitivity, with no evidence of moderation. Results have implications regarding the effect of prenatal maternal stress on offspring outcomes and regarding corresponding sensitive periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sebők-Welker
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - E Posta
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - K Ágrez
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - A Rádosi
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - E A Zubovics
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - M J Réthelyi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Balassa U. 6, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - I Ulbert
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter Utca 50/A, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - B Pászthy
- 1st Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Bókay János U. 53-54, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - N Bunford
- Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group Developmental and Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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192
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Christensen JF, Fernández A, Smith RA, Michalareas G, Yazdi SHN, Farahi F, Schmidt EM, Bahmanian N, Roig G. EMOKINE: A software package and computational framework for scaling up the creation of highly controlled emotional full-body movement datasets. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7498-7542. [PMID: 38918315 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
EMOKINE is a software package and dataset creation suite for emotional full-body movement research in experimental psychology, affective neuroscience, and computer vision. A computational framework, comprehensive instructions, a pilot dataset, observer ratings, and kinematic feature extraction code are provided to facilitate future dataset creations at scale. In addition, the EMOKINE framework outlines how complex sequences of movements may advance emotion research. Traditionally, often emotional-'action'-based stimuli are used in such research, like hand-waving or walking motions. Here instead, a pilot dataset is provided with short dance choreographies, repeated several times by a dancer who expressed different emotional intentions at each repetition: anger, contentment, fear, joy, neutrality, and sadness. The dataset was simultaneously filmed professionally, and recorded using XSENS® motion capture technology (17 sensors, 240 frames/second). Thirty-two statistics from 12 kinematic features were extracted offline, for the first time in one single dataset: speed, acceleration, angular speed, angular acceleration, limb contraction, distance to center of mass, quantity of motion, dimensionless jerk (integral), head angle (with regards to vertical axis and to back), and space (convex hull 2D and 3D). Average, median absolute deviation (MAD), and maximum value were computed as applicable. The EMOKINE software is appliable to other motion-capture systems and is openly available on the Zenodo Repository. Releases on GitHub include: (i) the code to extract the 32 statistics, (ii) a rigging plugin for Python for MVNX file-conversion to Blender format (MVNX=output file XSENS® system), and (iii) a Python-script-powered custom software to assist with blurring faces; latter two under GPLv3 licenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany.
| | - Andrés Fernández
- Methods of Machine Learning, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Georgios Michalareas
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva-Madeleine Schmidt
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasimeh Bahmanian
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Department of Modern Languages, Goethe University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Gemma Roig
- Computer Science Department, Goethe University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- The Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI), Darmstadt, Germany
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193
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Revol J, Lafit G, Ceulemans E. A new sample-size planning approach for person-specific VAR(1) studies: Predictive accuracy analysis. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7152-7167. [PMID: 38717682 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Researchers increasingly study short-term dynamic processes that evolve within single individuals using N = 1 studies. The processes of interest are typically captured by fitting a VAR(1) model to the resulting data. A crucial question is how to perform sample-size planning and thus decide on the number of measurement occasions that are needed. The most popular approach is to perform a power analysis, which focuses on detecting the effects of interest. We argue that performing sample-size planning based on out-of-sample predictive accuracy yields additional important information regarding potential overfitting of the model. Predictive accuracy quantifies how well the estimated VAR(1) model will allow predicting unseen data from the same individual. We propose a new simulation-based sample-size planning method called predictive accuracy analysis (PAA), and an associated Shiny app. This approach makes use of a novel predictive accuracy metric that accounts for the multivariate nature of the prediction problem. We showcase how the values of the different VAR(1) model parameters impact power and predictive accuracy-based sample-size recommendations using simulated data sets and real data applications. The range of recommended sample sizes is smaller for predictive accuracy analysis than for power analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Revol
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ginette Lafit
- Methodology of Educational Sciences Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ceulemans
- Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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194
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Bhatia N, Thareja S. Aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview (2019-2023). Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107607. [PMID: 39002515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Aromatase inhibition is considered a legitimate approach for the treatment of ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer as it accounts for more than 70% of breast cancer cases. Aromatase inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated to be highly effective in decreasing tumour size, increasing survival rates, and lowering the chance of cancer recurrence. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology and the role of aromatase in estrogen biosynthesis. Estrogen biosynthesis, various androgens, and their function in the human body have also been discussed. The salient aspects of the aromatase active site, its mode of action, and AIs, along with their intended interactions with presently FDA-approved inhibitors, have been briefly discussed. It has been detailed how different reported AIs were designed, their SAR investigations, in silico analysis, and biological evaluations. Various AIs from multiple origins, such as synthetic and semi-synthetic, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151401, India.
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195
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Augusto I, Girard-Dias W, Schoijet A, Alonso GD, Portugal RV, de Souza W, Jimenez V, Miranda K. Quantitative assessment of the nanoanatomy of the contractile vacuole complex in Trypanosoma cruzi. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402826. [PMID: 39074903 PMCID: PMC11287019 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi uses various mechanisms to cope with osmotic fluctuations during infection, including the remodeling of organelles such as the contractile vacuole complex (CVC). Little is known about the morphological changes of the CVC during pulsation cycles occurring upon osmotic stress. Here, we investigated the structure-function relationship between the CVC and the flagellar pocket domain where fluid discharge takes place-the adhesion plaque-during the CVC pulsation cycle. Using TcrPDEC2 and TcVps34 overexpressing mutants, known to have low and high efficiency for osmotic responses, we described a structural phenotype for the CVC that matches their corresponding physiological responses. Quantitative tomography provided data on the volume of the CVC and spongiome connections. Changes in the adhesion plaque during the pulsation cycle were also quantified and a dense filamentous network was observed. Together, the results suggest that the adhesion plaque mediates fluid discharge from the central vacuole, revealing new aspects of the osmoregulatory system in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Augusto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wendell Girard-Dias
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Plataforma de Microscopia Eletrônica Rudolf Barth, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Schoijet
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Daniel Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres", Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo V Portugal
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, Brazil
- Programa de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Kildare Miranda
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina de Precisão, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Multiusuário para Análise de Fenômenos Biomédicos, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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196
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Thorens B. Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1461-1486. [PMID: 38661565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is mainly under the control of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin and glucagon, which, respectively, stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by liver, fat, and muscle and glucose production by the liver. The balance between the secretions of these hormones is under the control of blood glucose concentrations. Indeed, pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells can sense variations in glycemia and respond by an appropriate secretory response. However, the secretory activity of these cells is also under multiple additional metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal signals that combine to ensure the perfect control of glycemia over a lifetime. The central nervous system (CNS), which has an almost absolute requirement for glucose as a source of metabolic energy and thus a vital interest in ensuring that glycemic levels never fall below ∼5 mM, is equipped with populations of neurons responsive to changes in glucose concentrations. These neurons control pancreatic islet cell secretion activity in multiple ways: through both branches of the autonomic nervous system, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and by secreting vasopressin (AVP) in the blood at the level of the posterior pituitary. Here, we present the autonomic innervation of the pancreatic islets; the mechanisms of neuron activation by a rise or a fall in glucose concentration; how current viral tracing, chemogenetic, and optogenetic techniques allow integration of specific glucose sensing neurons in defined neuronal circuits that control endocrine pancreas function; and, finally, how genetic screens in mice can untangle the diversity of the hypothalamic mechanisms controlling the response to hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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197
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Morrison FG, Van Orden LJ, Zeitz K, Kuijer EJ, Smith SL, Heal DJ, Wallace TL. Navacaprant, a novel and selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, has no agonist properties implicated in opioid-related abuse. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110037. [PMID: 38876309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptors (KORs) are implicated in the pathophysiology of various psychiatric and neurological disorders creating interest in targeting the KOR system for therapeutic purposes. Accordingly, navacaprant (NMRA-140) is a potent, selective KOR antagonist being evaluated as a treatment for major depressive disorder. In the present report, we have extended the pharmacological characterization of navacaprant by further demonstrating its selective KOR antagonist properties and confirming its lack of agonist activity at KORs and related targets involved in opioid-related abuse. Using CHO-K1 cells expressing human KOR, mu (MOR), or delta (DOR) opioid receptors, navacaprant demonstrated selective antagonist properties at KOR (IC50 = 0.029 μM) versus MOR (IC50 = 3.3 μM) and DOR (IC50 > 10 μM) in vitro. In vivo, navacaprant (10-30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently abolished KOR-agonist induced analgesia in the mouse tail-flick assay. Additionally, navacaprant (10, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced KOR agonist-stimulated prolactin release in mice and rats, confirming KOR antagonism in vivo. Navacaprant showed no agonist activity at any opioid receptor subtype (EC50 > 10 μM) in vitro and exhibited no analgesic effect in the tail-flick assays at doses ≤100 mg/kg, p.o. thereby confirming a lack of opioid receptor agonist activity in vivo. Importantly, navacaprant did not alter extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell of freely-moving rats following doses ≤100 mg/kg, p.o., whereas morphine (10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased dopamine levels. These results demonstrate that navacaprant is a KOR-selective antagonist with no pharmacological properties implicated in opioid-related abuse.
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MESH Headings
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Cricetulus
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Rats
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Dopamine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karla Zeitz
- Neumora Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA
| | - Eloise J Kuijer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - David J Heal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK; DevelRx Ltd., BioCity, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, UK
| | - Tanya L Wallace
- Neumora Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way, Watertown, MA, 02472, USA.
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198
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Jiao H, Kalsbeek A, Yi CX. Microglia, circadian rhythm and lifestyle factors. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110029. [PMID: 38852838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Microglia, a vital homeostasis-keeper of the central nervous system, perform critical functions such as synaptic pruning, clearance of cellular debris, and participation in neuroinflammatory processes. Recent research has shown that microglia exhibit strong circadian rhythms that not only actively regulate their own immune activity, but also affect neuronal function. Disruptions of the circadian clock have been linked to a higher risk of developing a variety of diseases. In this article we will provide an overview of how lifestyle factors impact microglial function, with a focus on disruptions caused by irregular sleep-wake patterns, reduced physical activity, and eating at the wrong time-of-day. We will also discuss the potential connection between these lifestyle factors, disrupted circadian rhythms, and the role of microglia in keeping brain health. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Jiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chun-Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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199
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Pocock J, Vasilopoulou F, Svensson E, Cosker K. Microglia and TREM2. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110020. [PMID: 38821351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
TREM2 is a membrane receptor solely expressed on microglia in normal brain. In this review we outline recent advances in TREM2 biology and its implications for microglial function, with particular emphasis on findings from iPSC-derived microglia (iMG) expressing TREM2 loss-of-function mutations. Alterations in receptor proximal and distal signalling underlie TREM2 risk variants linked to neurodegenerative disease, principally NH-linked FTD, and late-onset AD, but emerging data suggest roles for TREM2 in PD, MS and ALS. TREM2 downstream functions include phagocytosis of myelin debris, amyloid beta peptides, and phosphatidylserine-expressing cells (resulting from damage or stress). Microglial survival, migration, DAMP signalling, inflammasome activation, and intercellular signalling including tau spreading via exosomes, as well as roles for sTREM2 in protection and as a biomarker are discussed. The role of TREM2 in metabolic homeostasis, and immunometabolic switching are discussed regarding microglial responses to damage and protection. The use of iPSC models to investigate the role of TREM2 in AD, PD, MS, ALS, and other neurodegenerative diseases could prove invaluable due to their ability to recapitulate human pathology, allowing a full understanding of TREM2 and microglial involvement in the underlying disease mechanisms and progression. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK.
| | - Foteini Vasilopoulou
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
| | - Elina Svensson
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
| | - Katharina Cosker
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
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200
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Man K, Patterson JA, Simons CT. "That Looks Like My Kitchen!" - Personalized context by usage frequency and familiarity influences consumer perception and liking of chicken nuggets in VR. Food Res Int 2024; 193:114865. [PMID: 39160036 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Restoring relevant context during consumer sensory testing using virtual reality (VR) technologies may facilitate evaluations reflective of real-world experiences, enabling reliable data collection to better predict product success. Prior research has applied the same consumption scenario to all participants without accounting for variations in individual consumption habits. Thus, a consumption scenario of low personal relevance can lead to misleading conclusions. This study aimed to investigate how personal relevance (usage frequency and similarity) of a consumption environment influences consumer perception and acceptance during product evaluations. Using a VR system, 63 consumers evaluated four commercial frozen chicken nuggets in three virtual environments one week apart: sensory booth, high-relevance kitchen, and low-relevance kitchen. Participants assessed the products virtually on overall liking, Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) on 20 attributes, and purchase intent. They also completed a virtual presence and engagement questionnaire after testing. Results found better product discrimination in both kitchen environments compared to the booth as demonstrated in more post-hoc statistical subgroups (p's < 0.05) on liking and purchase intent. Additionally, more significant product differences were found among CATA attributes in the kitchens. CATA penalty-lift analyses indicated that sensory attributes had more pronounced positive and negative impacts on liking in the high relevance kitchen, followed by the low relevance kitchen, and lastly the booth. Consumers were equally present and engaged during testing across conditions (p's > 0.05). Results suggest providing a personally relevant consumption environment via VR technologies for consumer testing generated more discriminating data that can improve the quality of consumer insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Man
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy A Patterson
- Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design, The Ohio State University, 1813 N High St, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Christopher T Simons
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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