Analysis of factors affecting the adoption of IFRS in an emerging economy

This study examines the factors that facilitate or impede the voluntary adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in an emerging market. We propose practical solutions that are necessary for successful IFRS implementation in enterprises. To collect research data, we surveyed 350 enterprises in Vietnam using a non-probability convenience sampling method. Using qualitative research methods (through case studies and expert surveys) combined with quantitative and structural equation modelling (SEM), this study analyses the causal relationship between the influencing factors and enterprises' willingness to apply IFRS voluntarily. Evidence indicates that compliance with accounting regulations and principles, qualifications and experience of accountants, accounting regimes and government circulars, capabilities and perceptions of managers, and the benefits of IFRS adoption positively impact the application of IFRS. In addition, the factors of firm size and audit activities have a positive effect on promoting the willingness of enterprises to apply IFRS, while tax pressure and accounting psychology negatively affect the application of IFRS. By contrast, tax pressure and accounting psychology harm the application of IFRS. The study has limitations regarding the sample size, geographical scope, and sampling method. Even so, together with other studies drawn in alternative contexts, our findings are helpful to account for policymakers, regulators and businesses in different emerging countries to adopt IFRS in their countries successfully. The new insights gained in this study can help overcome the limitations of the conventional IFRS approach and design appropriate policies and roadmaps to improve the applicability of IFRS. The present study contributes significantly to the theory and practice at the end of the preparatory phase and the beginning of the voluntary phase of IFRS adoption in Vietnam. This is also the period where Vietnamese policymakers have announced their strategic plan for full IFRS adoption by 2025.

Interruptions in healthcare: Modeling dynamic processes and effects at a team level

Interruptions are associated with increases in medical errors amongst healthcare professionals, yet interventions to reduce interruptions have not been widely successful. While interruptions can be problematic for the interruptee, they may be necessary for the interrupter to maintain patient safety. To understand the emergent effects of interruptions within a dynamic environment, we develop a computational model that describes how nurses make decisions about interruptions and the effects those decisions have at a team level. Simulations reveal the dynamic interplay between urgency, task importance, the cost of being interrupted and team efficiency, depending on the consequences of clinical or procedural error, and shed light on the ways that the risks from interruptions can be better managed.

A Clinico-Pathological Multidisciplinary Team Increases the Efficacy of Skin Biopsy and Reduces Clinical Risk in Dermatology

A clinical risk is an inherent risk in healthcare processes, including skin biopsy procedures, and may lead to misdiagnoses, increased healthcare costs and potential harm to patients. Indeed, clinical and histopathological data must be integrated if we are to reduce clinical risks and improve diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of dermatologic diseases. Although dermopathology services used to be part of a dermatologist's duty, the recent centralization of these laboratories has caused a loss of expertise and increased both complexity and safety issues. Some countries have implemented clinical-pathological correlation programs aimed at facilitating communication between clinicians and dermatopathologists. However, Italy has regulatory and cultural barriers that make the implementation of these programs difficult. Therefore, an internal analysis was carried out to assess the efficacy and impact that skin biopsy procedures for inflammatory and neoplastic conditions have on the quality of care in our dermatology department. As the analysis evidenced a high number of descriptive pathologic reports and discordant diagnoses, a multidisciplinary group of four dermatologists, four general pathologists and one dermatopathologist was set up. Herein, we present the results of this analysis and project and describe the structure of the multidisciplinary group. We also discuss the pros and cons, possibilities and limitations of our project, including the regulatory barriers of the Italian National Health System.

7 topics that business ecosystems navigate: Assessment of scientific activity and future research agenda

Business Ecosystems are made up of a group of companies that cooperate with each other to innovate in a product. This research had the purpose of assessing the scientific activity and thus be able to extract the topics explored by the authors involved, geographical gaps of scientific production and research topics for future studies. In the methodological design, the statistical software VOSviewer and RStudio were used, with which the documentation obtained from Scopus was analyzed and reflected in tables and figures. The results yielded: a) the 7 topics most worked on by researchers on the variable in question, b) a notable geographical scientific gap in Africa, and c) 5 topics of research that can be explored for future scientific papers. In short, this research was performed with high citation documents, therefore, authors are recommended to carry out research in collaboration with authors located in the geographical scientific gap or vice versa but based on the 5 topics of future research, in the niche topics and a declining topic.

Data, measurement and empirical methods in the science of science

The advent of large-scale datasets that trace the workings of science has encouraged researchers from many different disciplinary backgrounds to turn scientific methods into science itself, cultivating a rapidly expanding 'science of science'. This Review considers this growing, multidisciplinary literature through the lens of data, measurement and empirical methods. We discuss the purposes, strengths and limitations of major empirical approaches, seeking to increase understanding of the field's diverse methodologies and expand researchers' toolkits. Overall, new empirical developments provide enormous capacity to test traditional beliefs and conceptual frameworks about science, discover factors associated with scientific productivity, predict scientific outcomes and design policies that facilitate scientific progress.

Investigating the moral compensatory effect of unethical pro-organizational behavior on ethical voice

Introduction

Unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) can hinder the development of the organization. The existing literature on UPB rarely examines whether and how employees remedy such ethical misconduct after they have committed it. Based on moral compensation theory and social exchange theory, this study explores the self-moral compensation process of employees who engage in UPB.

Methods

Specifically, we adopt a moderated mediating model to examine how and when UPB facilitates ethical voice. We tested our theoretical model using data from 415 full-time employees in Chinese companies, which we obtained via a three-stage questionnaire.

Results

The results of the regression analysis revealed that UPB has a significant positive effect on ethical voice, and that moral ownership plays a mediating role between UPB and ethical voice. Furthermore, the results support the moderating role of benevolent leadership in the positive direct effect of UPB on ethical voice, and the positive indirect effect of UPB on ethical voice via moral ownership. When benevolent leadership is strong, the direct effect of UPB on ethical voice and indirect mediating effect of moral ownership are both significantly positive, whereas neither are significant when benevolent leadership is weak.

Discussion

These findings show the ethical compensation effect of UBP on ethical voice and provide a novel and comprehensive understanding of the consequences of UPB. They also have significant value for ethical practices in managing employee (mis)behavior.

Qualitative Study on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within Radiation Oncology in Europe

PURPOSE

Organizational culture plays a major role in prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) objectives by aligning individual values of employees with organizational values. However, effective strategies to create an inclusive organizational culture, in which these values are aligned, remain unclear. The European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) launched a qualitative study, as a follow-up of the previous project on DEI that highlighted low levels of inclusion and work engagement among radiation oncology (RO) professionals in Europe. The aim of the present study was to gain an understanding of how DEI could be improved within RO departments by creating a more inclusive organizational culture.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A qualitative research study was conducted by enrolling RO professionals from 4 selected European countries through an open call on the ESTRO platform. Respondents who completed an online survey and met the inclusion criteria, such as experiencing low DEI levels at work, were invited for an online semistructured interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically with an abductive approach via concepts in relation to "DEI," "work engagement," "organizational culture," and "professional values."

RESULTS

Twenty-six eligible respondents from Great Britain, Italy, Poland, and Switzerland were interviewed. The thematic analysis identified cases in which limited engagement at work emerged when the personal values of RO professionals conflicted with dominant organizational values, hampering DEI. Three conflicts were found between the following personal versus organizational values: (1) self-development versus efficiency, (2) togetherness versus competition, and (3) people-oriented versus task-oriented cultures.

CONCLUSIONS

Awareness of how organizational values can conflict with professionals' values should be raised to improve inclusion and engagement in the workplace. Additionally, efforts should be focused on tackling existing power imbalances that hamper effective deliberation on organizational- versus personal-value conflicts.

Firms' digitalization in manufacturing and the structure and direction of green innovation

Green innovation will be one of the main drivers of future economic development. In the current wave of digital transformation, there is a paucity of literature that considers how corporate digital transformation affects green innovation and the characteristics of green innovation. Based on the data of China A-share listed manufacturing companies from 2007 to 2020, we find that digital transformation significantly improves corporate green innovation. This conclusion is robust to a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis finds that digital transformation promotes green innovation by increasing the investment of innovation resources and reducing the cost of debt. We further find that digital transformation significantly increases the number of citations of green patents, reflecting the pursuit of "quality" of green innovation by enterprises. At the same time, digital transformation is conducive to the simultaneous improvement of "source reduction" and "end-cleaning" green innovation, reflecting the combination of different pollution governance methods at the source and end of the enterprise. Finally, digital transformation can sustainably improve the level of green innovation. Our findings provide useful insights for promoting green technology innovation in emerging markets.

Social facilitation effects in online coaction: the moderating role of social comparison direction

Online and face-to-face coactions are widely used work organization modes. This study aims to investigate the effect of social comparison direction on task performance when people coact online. A total of 40 individuals were recruited to participate in a 2 (coaction type: online and face to face) × 3 (social comparison direction: upward, downward and no comparison) × 2 (phase: pre-comparison and post-comparison) within-subject experiment. The participants performed visual search tasks while their response time and search accuracy rates were measured. Results showed that the participants were reported to perform faster when they coacted online than face to face. The upward comparison led to a stronger social facilitation effect than the downward and no comparison directions, either in online or face-to-face coaction. These findings provide practical implications in the design of coaction modes for groups and teams working remotely.

An exploration of the role played by attachment factors in the formation of social media addiction from a cognition-affect-conation perspective

More and more users are overusing social media and the situation is getting worse, yet there is still a lack of research on social media addiction. Based on attachment theory and the Cognition-Affect-Conation (CAC) framework, this study combines the perception of intrinsic motivation and the technical features of social media as extrinsic motivators and explores the formative factors in social media addiction. The results show that social media addiction is determined by an individual's emotional and functional attachment to the platform, and that attachment is in turn influenced by intrinsic motivation (perceived enjoyment and perceived relatedness) and extrinsic motivation (functional support and information quality). The SEM-PLS technique was used to analyze the data collected from a questionnaire survey of 562 WeChat users. The results showed that social media addiction is determined by an individual's emotional and functional attachment to the platform. This attachment is, in turn, influenced by intrinsic motivation (perceived enjoyment and perceived relatedness) and extrinsic motivation (functional support and informational quality). The study first explains the latent antecedents of social media addiction. Second, it examines user attachment, particularly the role of emotional and functional attachment, and explores the platform technology system, which plays a key role in the development of addiction. Third, it extends attachment theory to the study of social media addiction.

Impact of Superiors' Ethical Leadership on Subordinates' Unethical Pro-Organizational Behavior: Mediating Effects of Followership

This study examined the impact of superiors' ethical leadership on subordinates' unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) and the mediating effects of followership. The research subjects were officials from the ten central departments of the South Korean government, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted among them. Overall, 404 questionnaires were used in the empirical analysis. Multiple regression analysis and Hayes Process Macro were used to validate the research hypotheses, which examined the relationship among ethical leadership, followership, and UPB. The results are as follows: First, the relationship between ethical leadership and followership was statistically significant. Second, the study showed that followership had a statistically significant effect on UPB but not ethical leadership. Third, testing the hypotheses regarding the mediating effect of followership on the relationship between ethical leadership and UPB revealed statistically significant results. This study confirms that followership significantly influences UPB and suggests that ethical leadership is an important precedent factor of followership. The study concludes with the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, along with the study's limitations.

How Did Reskilling During the COVID-19 Pandemic Relate to Entrepreneurship and Optimism? Barriers, Opportunities, and Implications for Equity

With shorter durations and fewer barriers to entry, reskilling programs may serve as vehicles for social mobility and equity, as well as tools for creating a more adaptive workforce and inclusive economy. Nevertheless, much of the limited large-scale research on these types of programs was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, given the social and economic disruptions spurred by the pandemic, our ability to understand the impact of these types of programs in recent labor market conditions is limited. We fill this gap by leveraging three waves of a longitudinal household financial survey collected across all 50 US states during the pandemic. Through descriptive and inferential methods, we explore the sociodemographic characteristics related to reskilling and associated motivations, facilitators, and barriers, as well as the relationships between reskilling and measures of social mobility. We find that reskilling is positively related to entrepreneurship and, for Black respondents, to optimism. Moreover, we find that reskilling is not merely a tool for upward social mobility, but also economic stability. However, our results demonstrate that reskilling opportunities are stratified across race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status through both formal and informal mechanisms. We close with a discussion of implications for policy and practice.

The role of trust, information and legal stability in the development of renewable energy: the analysis of non-economic factors affecting entrepreneurs' investments in green energy in Poland

The aim of the article is to analyse the factors influencing entrepreneurs' decisions about investing in renewable energy. It outlines a number of different factors that may affect the process of transforming entrepreneurs into business prosumers, who thus want to limit the effects of rising energy prices. The article defends the thesis that in addition to the economic, technological and psychological dimensions, legal and political stability, access to reliable information and the level of trust in a given society are equally important. Based on the quantitative research results, the article indicates which elements are particularly important for entrepreneurs when making decisions about investing in renewable energy and which institutions are indicated by Polish entrepreneurs as responsible for implementing energy transition. The article also indicates that information about the possibility of receiving funding from the European Union and the government, the government's energy policy and technological possibilities is important for entrepreneurs' decisions about investing in renewable energy in Poland. It is always difficult to implement sustainable development goals without an atmosphere of trust and predictable legal stability in which entrepreneurs can run their businesses.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03400-z.

Framing the pandemic: Multiplying "crises" in Dutch healthcare governance during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic

In this paper we explore the impact of the emerging COVID-19 pandemic on the governance of healthcare in the Netherlands. In doing so, we re-examine the idea that a crisis necessarily leads to processes of transition and change by focusing on crisis as a specific language of organizing collective action instead. Framing a situation as a crisis of a particular kind allows for specific problem definitions, concurrent solutions and the inclusion and exclusion of stakeholders. Using this perspective, we examine the dynamics and institutional tensions involved in governing healthcare during the pandemic. We make use of multi-sited ethnographic research into the Dutch healthcare crisis organization as it responded to the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on decision-making at the regional level. We tracked our participants through successive waves of the pandemic between March 2020 and August 2021 and identified three dominant framings of the pandemic-as-crisis: a crisis of scarcity, a crisis of postponed care and a crisis of acute care coordination. In this paper, we discuss the implications of these framings in terms of the institutional tensions that arose in governing healthcare during the pandemic: between centralized, top-down crisis management and local, bottom-up work; between informal and formal work; and between existing institutional logics.

Enablers and inhibitors of digital startup evolution: a multi-case study of Swedish business incubators

Global advances in digital technology are facilitating corresponding rises in digital entrepreneurship and its startup manifestation. There are many uncertainties on the road to digital startup evolution, some of which may be successfully navigated with the assistance of business incubators. While these organisations provide valuable guidance and support to the startup community, their efforts are at least partly constrained by the lack of a consistent, coherent roadmap to guide both them and their incubatees. T0 help efforts to develop such a map, this paper seeks to identify factors that influence digital startup evolution within an incubator setting through a multiple-case study focusing on digital startups under the umbrella of three business incubators in the Swedish city Umeå. Sets of enabling and inhibitory factors are identified through literature searches and the case studies. The latter may include inertia and possibly attitudes towards failure. In addition, present the Ideation Dynamics Model as a guide for both incubators and digital startups is proposed.

Impact of green technology innovation based on IoT and industrial supply chain on the promotion of enterprise digital economy

With the gradual deterioration of the natural environment, a green economy has become a competing goal for all countries. As a trend of green innovation development, the digital economy has become a research hotspot for scientists. In this article, we study the supply chain management of enterprises in green innovation and digital economy development and complete the identification and demand prediction of warehouse goods through the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). As the stuff meets the goods detection and storage, we employ an intelligent method to detect and classify the goods. The demand prediction analysis is carried out based on historical data on goods demand in the enterprise. The absolute error between the prediction result and the actual demand within 1 week is less than 30 goods by the particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (PSO-SVM) method used in this article. First, the goods identification task is completed based on video surveillance data using YOLOv4, and the recognition rate is as high as 98.3%. This article realises enterprises' intelligent supply chain management through the intelligent identification of goods and the demand forecasting analysis of goods in the warehouse, which provides new ideas for green innovation and digital economy development.

Work-related use of information and communication technologies (W_ICTs) and job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers: A moderated mediation model

The high turnover rate of kindergarten teachers has become a global problem. Job satisfaction is regarded as a contributing factor that can reduce turnover intention. We sought to examine the relationship between work-related use of information and communication technologies after hours (W_ICTs) and kindergarten teachers' job satisfaction, as well as the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating role of perceived organizational support in the link between W_ICTs and emotional exhaustion. A sample of 434 participants of kindergarten teachers completed questionnaires on W_ICTs, job satisfaction, perceived organizational support and emotional exhaustion. Results indicated that kindergarten teachers' emotional exhaustion played a partial mediating role in the relationship between W_ICTs and job satisfaction. In addition, perceived organizational support moderated the association between W_ICTs and emotional exhaustion. Specifically, W_ICTs had a greater impact on emotional exhaustion for kindergarten teachers with low perceived organizational support.

Moral Agency Development as a Community-Supported Process: An Analysis of Hospitals' Middle Management Responses to the COVID-19 Crisis

This paper investigates the process of moral agency development as a community-supported process. Based on a multimethod qualitative inquiry, including diaries, focus groups, and documentary analysis, we analyze the experiences of middle managers in two Norwegian hospitals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that moral agency is developed through a community-embedded value inquiry, emerging in three partially overlapping steps. The first step is marked by moral reflex, an intuitive, value-driven, pre-reflective response to a crisis situation. In the second step, the managers involved the community in value calibration, a collective-ethical sensemaking. In the third step, they took active stances to translate values into actions, with an increased awareness of values and an ability to explain and justify their actions. We label the steps, respectively: value inquiry-in-action, value inquiry-on-action and reflective enactment of value. An analysis of the process reveals two aspects critical for moral agency development: it happens through confrontation with uncertainty, and it is relational, that is, embedded in a community. While uncertainty forces an intuitive moral response, dialogical reflection in the community develops value awareness and relationships of mutual care and support.

Developing engaged and 'teamful' leaders: A randomized controlled trial of the 5R identity leadership program

The social identity approach to leadership argues that leaders' capacity to influence and inspire others is grounded in a shared sense of social identity (or 'us-ness') that those leaders create, advance, represent, and embed for the groups they lead. The approach therefore argues that a key task for leaders is to develop insights and skills of (social) identity leadership that allow them to motivate and mobilize groups and transform them into a potent social and organizational force. In contrast to other approaches and programs which focus on leaders' leader identity (their 'I-ness'), the 5R leadership development program supports the development of leaders' social identity by raising awareness of the importance of social identity ('we-ness') for leadership and taking leaders through structured activities that help them build engaged and inclusive teams. The present research assessed the benefits of facilitated and learner self-directed versions of the 5R program (Ns = 27, 22 respectively) relative to a no-treatment control (N = 27). Results (including those of an intention-to-treat analysis; N = 76) indicated that, relative to leaders in the control condition, those who participated in both forms of 5R reported large increases in identity leadership knowledge, as well as medium-sized increases in both team engagement (a compound factor comprised of team identification, team OCB, team efficacy, and work engagement) and 'teamfulness' (comprised of team reflexivity, team psychological safety, team goal clarity, and inclusive team climate). We reflect on the importance of teamfulness for leadership and team functioning and on the value of programs that help leaders develop this.

What drives the dynamics of employment growth in firms? Evidence from East Africa

This study examines the firm level drivers of employment growth in East Africa in which they are categorized as firm specific, entrepreneur specific and business environment characteristics. Using a cross-sectional World Bank Enterprise survey dataset and pooled Ordinary Least Squares estimation (OLS), the results indicate that; (1) employment growth is significantly associated with firm specific characteristics (employment growth is positively related to firm size and innovation while it is negatively associated with the age of the firm), (2) a weak business environment characterized by electricity outages, informal payments and poor court system undermines the firm's ability to contribute to employment growth while strong business environment such as access to finance is positively associated with employment growth (3) employment growth is also positively influenced by managerial experience. Policy recommendations are suggested.

Cognitive proximity for innovation: Why matters? an applied analysis

The purpose of this research is to deepen the study of the influence of cognitive proximity has on the innovative performance of firms, as well as the mediating effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity in this relationship. For this purpose, an empirical analysis has been carried out. The primary data have been analyzed by means of PLS-SEM technique. The results show that the cognitive proximity of firms has both a direct and an indirect impact on their innovative performance, through their potential and realized absorptive capacity. We conclude that cognitive proximity matters for the innovation performance of firms, as it facilitates the understanding and establishment of positive reciprocity agreements between the companies, especially in terms of knowledge. Nevertheless, firms must develop a great capability to absorb new knowledge to exploit the advantages derived from its cognitive proximity to its stakeholders and leverage all the knowledge within their reach.

From strangers to social collectives? Sensemaking and organizing in response to a pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily exposed the inadequacy of established institutions and markets to handle a multidimensional crisis, but it also revealed the spontaneous emergence of social collectives to mitigate some of its consequences. Building upon more than 600 responses from an open-ended survey and follow-up qualitative interviews, we seek to understand the spontaneous formation of social collectives in neighborhoods during the initial global lockdown. Applying the sensemaking lens, we theorize the process that prevented the collapse of sensemaking; motivated neighbors to comply with the pandemic-related restrictions; and inspired the development of collective initiatives and the sharing of resources, experiences, and a feeling of belonging. In doing so, we identify mechanisms that allow distributed sensemaking and organizing for resilience: widely shared and accepted cues and frames, simultaneous enactment of practices, embeddedness, visibility of actions, and sense of community. Contrary to the literature on local community organizing and entrepreneurship, which emphasizes the importance of shared values and beliefs, we reveal how the abovementioned mechanisms enable social collectives to emerge and build resilience in times of crisis, even in the absence of pre-existing ties and physical and social isolation. Implications for sensemaking, resilience, organization studies, and community psychology are discussed.

Combating COVID-19 with charisma: Evidence on governor speeches in the United States

Using field and laboratory data, we show that leader charisma can affect COVID-related mitigating behaviors. We coded a panel of U.S. governor speeches for charisma signaling using a deep neural network algorithm. The model explains variation in stay-at-home behavior of citizens based on their smart phone data movements, showing a robust effect of charisma signaling: stay-at-home behavior increased irrespective of state-level citizen political ideology or governor party allegiance. Republican governors with a particularly high charisma signaling score impacted the outcome more relative to Democratic governors in comparable conditions. Our results also suggest that one standard deviation higher charisma signaling in governor speeches could potentially have saved 5,350 lives during the study period (02/28/2020-05/14/2020). Next, in an incentivized laboratory experiment we found that politically conservative individuals are particularly prone to believe that their co-citizens will follow governor appeals to distance or stay at home when exposed to a speech that is high in charisma; these beliefs in turn drive their preference to engage in those behaviors. These results suggest that political leaders should consider additional "soft-power" levers like charisma-which can be learned-to complement policy interventions for pandemics or other public heath crises, especially with certain populations who may need a "nudge."

Low Adoption of Video Consultations in Post-COVID-19 General Practice in Northern Europe: Barriers to Use and Potential Action Points

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, video consultation was introduced in general practice in many countries around the world as a solution to provide remote health care to patients. It was assumed that video consultation would find widespread adoption in post-COVID-19 general practice. However, adoption rates remain low across countries in Northern Europe, suggesting that barriers to its use exist among general practitioners and other practice staff. In this viewpoint, we take a comparative approach, reflecting on similarities and differences in implementation conditions of video consultations in 5 Northern European countries' general practice settings that might have created barriers to its use within general practice. We convened at a cross-disciplinary seminar in May 2022 with researchers and clinicians from 5 Northern European countries with expertise in digital care in general practice, and this viewpoint emerged out of dialogues from that seminar. We have reflected on barriers across general practice settings in our countries, such as lacking technological and financial support for general practitioners, that we feel are critical for adoption of video consultation in the coming years. Furthermore, there is a need to further investigate the contribution of cultural elements, such as professional norms and values, to adoption. This viewpoint may inform policy work to ensure that a sustainable level of video consultation use can be reached in the future, one that reflects the reality of general practice settings rather than policy optimism.

Sustaining medical research - the role of trust and control

BACKGROUND

Medical research is increasingly interdisciplinary. However, not all projects are successful and cooperation is not always sustained beyond the end of funding. This study empirically assesses the effect of control and trust on the sustainability of interdisciplinary medical research in terms of its performance and satisfaction.

METHODS

The sample consists of 100 German publicly funded medical research collaborations with scientists from medicine, natural and social sciences (N = 364). We develop a system model to analyze the influence of trust and control on performance and satisfaction of the cooperation.

FINDINGS

Both control and trust are important prerequisites for sustainability, control mainly for the performance of the collaboration, and trust primarily for its satisfaction. While the level of interdisciplinarity is a positive moderator for performance, expectation of continuity is a negative intervening variable for the effect of trust and control on satisfaction. Moreover, trust principally adds to the positive impact of control on sustainability.

CONCLUSIONS

Interdisciplinary medical research requires a participative but systematic management of the respective consortium.

Flawless victory! Investigating search and experience qualities as antecedent predictors of video game success

In recent years, video games have been on the rise as entertainment goods, leading to a growing interest by practitioners, researchers, and, of course, consumers alike. While a few unusually successful video games produce overall high revenues, most released games struggle to break even. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand what distinguishes financially successful games from nonsuccessful video games. Accordingly, several researchers have called for investigations into the drivers of the financial success of video games. However, empirical studies within this respect are still lacking. Based on longitudinal data of 351 video games, the current study strives to fill this research gap by investigating the relative importance of potential success factors for the short-term and long-term financial success of video games. The results of multiple regression analyses confirm that search qualities such as brand popularity, reviews, and awards as well as experience qualities such as graphics, sound, and game duration significantly drive financial success in terms of the total number of sold video games in Europe. Consequently, managers in the video game industry can boost their chances for the production of a successful video game by focusing on these factors.

Knowledge transfer between physicians from different geographical regions in China's online health communities

Online Health Communities (OHCs) are a type of self-organizing platform that provide users with access to social support, information, and knowledge transfer opportunities. The medical expertise of registered physicians in OHCs plays a crucial role in maintaining the quality of online medical services. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of OHCs in transferring knowledge between physicians and most do not distinguish between the explicit and tacit knowledge transferred between physicians. This study aims to demonstrate the cross-regional transfer characteristics of medical knowledge, especially tacit and explicit knowledge. Based on data collected from 4716 registered physicians on Lilac Garden (DXY.cn), a leading Chinese OHC, Exponential Random Graph Models are used to (1) examine the overall network and two subnets of tacit and explicit knowledge (i.e., clinical skills and medical information), and (2) identify patterns in the knowledge transferred between physicians, based on regional variations. Analysis of the network shows that physicians located in economically developed regions or regions with sufficient workforces are more likely to transfer medical knowledge to those from poorer regions. Analysis of the subnets demonstrate that only Gross Domestic Product (GDP) flows are supported in the clinical skill network since discussions around tacit knowledge are a direct manifestation of physicians' professional abilities. These findings extend current understanding about social value creation in OHCs by examining the medical knowledge flows generated by physicians between regions with different health resources. Moreover, this study demonstrates the cross-regional transfer characteristics of explicit and tacit knowledge to complement the literature on the effectiveness of OHCs to transfer different types of knowledge.

Social networks are shaped by culturally contingent assessments of social competence

Cultural outsiders, like immigrants or international students, often struggle to make friends. We propose that one barrier to social connection is not knowing what it means to be socially competent in the host culture. First-year students at a U.S. business school (N = 1328) completed a social network survey and rated their own social competence and that of several peers. International students were rated by peers as less socially competent than U.S. students, especially if they were from nations more culturally dissimilar to the U.S. International students' self-reported competence ratings were uncorrelated with peers' judgments. Social network analysis revealed international students were less central to their peer networks than U.S. students, although this gap was reduced if peers evaluated them as socially competent. Peer-reported competence mediated the effects of international student status on social network centrality. Since learning local norms takes time, we suggest inclusivity will require host communities to define social competence more broadly.

Financial Behavioral Health and Investment Risk Willingness: Implications for the Racial Wealth Gap

Financial behavioral health (FBH) influences numerous socio-ecological domains, affecting investment risk willingness and consequent wealth levels. The experience of FBH by racial group is unknown, and findings of differences between Black and White investors' risk willingness are mixed. The study's aims are to establish an FBH measure and explore its application to risk willingness by racial group. The study used a subset of data from FINRA's 2018 National Financial Capability Study, including Black (n = 2835) and White (n = 21,289) respondents. Through factor analysis, 19 items were confirmed for the FBH measure; the measure was then applied to investment risk willingness using structural equation modeling (SEM). Invariance analyses showed that the FBH model had an excellent fit for White respondents but not Black respondents. The SEM analysis determined that FBH accounted for 37% of the variance in risk willingness (R² = 0.368; β = 0.256, p < 0.001). Racial group affiliation was a negligible predictor of risk willingness (β = -0.084, p < 0.001). This project contributes an empirical basis for FBH, emphasizes the importance of FBH for investment risk willingness, and elucidates that racial group differences in risk willingness could be an unlikely contributor to the wealth gap.

Working from anywhere: yin-yang cognition paradoxes of knowledge sharing and hiding for developing careers in China

Digital technology coupled with the quarantines caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has made working from anywhere (WFA)-a modern form of remote working-a widespread phenomenon. Given that WFA brings new career challenges to and engenders paradoxes of knowledge exchange among employees, this research aims to examine how the interactions of remote work time (RWT), knowledge sharing (KS), and knowledge hiding (KH) affect career development (CD) from a culturally grounded paradoxical framing of yin-yang harmonizing. The data were collected from Chinese manufacturing employees, and a moderated hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the hypotheses. The results show an inverted U-shaped relationship between RWT and CD. The interaction of KS and KH is significantly related to CD, and the inverted U-shaped RWT-CD relationship is moderated by the interaction term, in which RWT exerts the most substantial positive impact on CD when KS is high and KH is low. This study offers valuable implications for coping with perplexing employment relationships and increasing career challenges in volatile work environments. The primary originality is to adopt a novel cognitive frame of yin-yang harmonizing to examine the nonlinear effect of remote working and the symbiotic impact of KS and KH on CD, which not only enriches the understanding of flexible work arrangements in the digital economy but also provides novel insights into the interconnectedness of KS and KH and their interacting effects on HRM-related outcomes.

Digital traces of brain drain: developers during the Russian invasion of Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused large scale destruction, significant loss of life, and the displacement of millions of people. Besides those fleeing direct conflict in Ukraine, many individuals in Russia are also thought to have moved to third countries. In particular the exodus of skilled human capital, sometimes called brain drain, out of Russia may have a significant effect on the course of the war and the Russian economy in the long run. Yet quantifying brain drain, especially during crisis situations is generally difficult. This hinders our ability to understand its drivers and to anticipate its consequences. To address this gap, I draw on and extend a large scale dataset of the locations of highly active software developers collected in February 2021, one year before the invasion. Revisiting those developers that had been located in Russia in 2021, I confirm an ongoing exodus of developers from Russia in snapshots taken in June and November 2022. By November 11.1% of Russian developers list a new country, compared with 2.8% of developers from comparable countries in the region but not directly involved in the conflict. 13.2% of Russian developers have obscured their location (vs. 2.4% in the comparison set). Developers leaving Russia were significantly more active and central in the collaboration network than those who remain. This suggests that many of the most important developers have already left Russia. In some receiving countries the number of arrivals is significant: I estimate an increase in the number of local software developers of 42% in Armenia, 60% in Cyprus and 94% in Georgia.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00389-3.

Building resilient partnerships: How businesses and nonprofits create the capacity for responsiveness

Increasingly, businesses are eager to partner with nonprofit organizations to benefit their communities. In spite of good intentions, differences between nonprofit and business organizations can limit the ability of potential partnerships to respond to a changing economic and public health landscape. Using a retrospective, multiple-case study, we sought to investigate the managerial behaviors that enabled businesses and nonprofits to be themselves together in sustainable partnerships. We recruited four nonprofit-business partnerships in the Boston area to serve as cases for our study. Each was designed to address social determinants of health. We thematically analyzed qualitative data from 113 semi-structured interviews, 9 focus groups and 29.5 h of direct observations to identify organizational capacities that build resilient partnerships. Although it is common to emphasize the similarities between partners, we found that it was the acknowledgement of difference that set partnerships up for success. This acknowledgement introduced substantial uncertainty that made managers uncomfortable. Organizations that built the internal capacity to be responsive to, but not control, one another were able to derive value from their unique assets.

Assessing the potential of plastic waste management in the circular economy: a longitudinal case study in an emerging economy

Plastic waste management represents a fundamental challenge in terms of environmental pollution and health in many emerging countries. Yet, some firms believe improved plastic waste management could lead to value creation and capture, especially from a circular economy perspective. This study draws on a longitudinal research approach that involved 12 organizations in assessing plastic waste management's contribution to Cameroon's circular economy. Our findings suggest that plastic waste management for value creation is still embryonic in Cameroon. Moving to the full value creation and capture stage will require overcoming various challenges identified and presented in the paper. We then discuss our findings and put forward several future research avenues.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10479-023-05386-3.

Navigating a Context of Severe Uncertainty: The Effect of Industry Unsafety Signals on Employee Well-being During the COVID-19 Crisis

Complex disaster situations like the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) create macro-level contexts of severe uncertainty that disrupt industries across the globe in unprecedented ways. While occupational health research has made important advances in understanding the effects of occupational stressors on employee well-being, there is a need to better understand the employee well-being implications of severe uncertainty stemming from macro-level disruption. We draw from the Generalized Unsafety Theory of Stress (GUTS) to explain how a context of severe uncertainty can create signals of economic and health unsafety at the industry level, leading to emotional exhaustion through paths of economic and health anxiety. We integrate recent disaster scholarship that classifies COVID-19 as a transboundary disaster and use this interdisciplinary perspective to explain how COVID-19 created a context of severe uncertainty from which these effects unfold. To test our proposed model, we pair objective industry data with time-lagged quantitative and qualitative survey responses from 212 employees across industries collected during the height of the initial COVID-19 response in the United States. Structural equation modeling results indicate a significant indirect effect of industry COVID-19 unsafety signals on emotional exhaustion through the health, but not economic, unsafety path. Qualitative analyses provide further insights into these dynamics. Theoretical and practical implications for employee well-being in a context of severe uncertainty are discussed.

A Holistic Analysis of Team Dynamics Using Relational Coordination as the Measure regarding Student Athlete Total Load: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND

Despite its small population, Norway wins a disproportionately large number of medals in international competitions. Therefore, it has been thought that the Norwegian sports model and sports school programs are influential in developing young Norwegian athletes to achieve such results. Today, more than 110 Norwegian private and public schools offer the elite sports program in Norway. Most student athletes attending those schools combine their high school education with elite sports, where they attend training sessions at both school and clubs. The number of people involved with the student athlete on a daily basis (i.e., other student athletes, club coaches, school coaches, schoolteachers, parents, and health personnel) indicate the importance of optimal communication and coordination. However, to the authors' knowledge, no previous studies have explored communication and coordination among this population group. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to use a holistic analysis of team dynamics using the Relational Coordination Survey as a measure to explore the relational coordination within and between student athletes, club coaches, and school coaches. A secondary objective of this study was to explore student athletes', club coaches', and school coaches' relational coordination with schoolteachers, parents, and health personnel. In addition, the study aimed to explore differences in student athletes' relational coordination with their significant others according to sport, school, performance level, sex, and school year.

METHODS

The quality of relational coordination was measured by a cross-sectional questionnaire of student athletes (n = 345), club coaches (n = 42), and school coaches (n = 25) concerning training load and life load. Multiple one-way analyses of variance were used to assess differences between groups.

RESULTS

The results show that student athletes, club coaches, and school coaches perceived moderate to weak relational coordination with parents, schoolteachers, and health personnel. Student athletes' relational coordination score with parents was the only strong score observed. Furthermore, the results reveal notable differences in student athletes' relational coordination with the roles according to their characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings suggest a potential for enhancing relationships and communication within and between the significant roles involved with student athletes. The results further indicate that those involved with the student athlete should consider a holistic approach to enhance communication and coordination, including physical, psychological, and other life factors, for optimal student athlete management and development. More resources are necessary to facilitate effective communication and coordination regarding the student athlete's total load.

Inconsistent quality signals: evidence from the regional journals

Nowadays many countries and institutions use bibliometric assessment of journal quality in their research evaluation policies. However, bibliometric measures, such as impact factor or quartile, may provide a biased quality assessment for relatively new, regional, or non-mainstream journals, as these outlets usually do not possess a longstanding history, and may not be included into indexing databases. To reduce the information asymmetry between academic community (researchers, editors, policymakers) and journal management, we propose an alternative approach to evaluate journals quality signals using previous publication track record of authors. We explore the difference in the quality signals sent by regional journals. Traditional, journal-level, bibliometric measures are contrasted with generalised measures of authors' publishing records. We used a set of 50,477 articles and reviews in 83 regional journals in Physics and Astronomy (2014-2019) to extract and process data on 73 866 authors and their additional 329,245 publications in other Scopus-indexed journals. We found that traditional journal-level measures (such as journal quartile, CiteScore percentile, Scimago Journal Rank) tend to under-evaluate journal quality, thus contributing to an image of low-quality research venues. Author-level measures (including the share of papers in the Nature Index journals) send positive signals of journal quality and allow us to subdivide regional journals by their publishing strategies. These results suggest that research evaluation policies might consider attributing greater weight to regional journals, not only for the training purposes of doctoral students but also for gaining international visibility and impact.

The future of mobility-as-a-service: trust transfer across automated mobilities, from road to sidewalk

While trust in different types of automated vehicles has been a major focus for researchers and vehicle manufacturers, few studies have explored how people trust automated vehicles that are not cars, nor how their trust may transfer across different mobilities enabled with automation. To address this objective, a dual mobility study was designed to measure how trust in an automated vehicle with a familiar form factor-a car-compares to, and influences, trust in a novel automated vehicle-termed sidewalk mobility. A mixed-method approach involving both surveys and a semi-structured interview was used to characterize trust in these automated mobilities. Results found that the type of mobility had little to no effect on the different dimensions of trust that were studied, suggesting that trust can grow and evolve across different mobilities when the user is unfamiliar with a novel automated driving-enabled (AD-enabled) mobility. These results have important implications for the design of novel mobilities.

Mergers and acquisitions: does performance depend on managerial ability?

Companies in difficult financial situations may seek to survive through mergers and acquisitions. Managers must be able to use company resources efficiently to maintain and improve competitiveness and sustainable advantages. Managers' ability to make strategic decisions may determine whether a merger and acquisition is successful. This study aims to reveal the role of the acquirer's managerial ability in mergers and acquisitions based on short- and long-term performance as well as the type of M&A. Two metrics are used to assess short- and long-term performance: the market-to-book ratio (MTBR) as an indicator of operating performance and the buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR) as an indicator of stock return performance. The research sample consists of 153 M&A cases conducted by companies registered with the Business Competition Supervisory Commission in Indonesia between 2010 and 2017, and the performance till 2020. We used regression and difference analysis to analyze the data. We find that managerial ability has a positive impact on MTBR operating and BHAR stock performance. This result confirms that the higher ability of the acquirer's manager will ensure a successful M&A in the long run. Investors and potential investors might consider managerial ability in choosing investments in companies after an M&A. This study contributes to the M&A literature by examining the role of MA in the short- and long-term performance of acquiring firms following M&As in Indonesia.

Acquiring Financial Support for Children's Sports Participation: Co-Creating a Socially Safe Environment for Parents from Low-Income Families

Despite the many benefits of club-organized sports participation for children, sports participation is lower among children from low-income families than among those from middle- or high-income families. Social safety experienced by parents from low-income families is an important facilitator for parents to request financial support for their children's sports participation. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to better understand parental social (un)safety in the context of acquiring financial support for children's sports participation and how to create a safe social environment for low-income parents to request and receive this financial support. The second aim was to describe the co-creation process, which was organized to contribute to social safety solutions. To reach these goals, we applied a participatory action research method in the form of four co-creation sessions with professionals and an expert-by-experience, as well as a group interview with parents from low-income families. The data analysis included a thematic analysis of the qualitative data. The results showed that from the perspective of parents, social safety encompassed various aspects such as understandable information, procedures based on trust, and efficient referral processes. Sport clubs were identified as the primary source of information for parents. Regarding the co-creation process, the study found that stakeholders tended to overestimate parental social safety levels. Although the stakeholders enjoyed and learned from the sessions, differences in prior knowledge and a lack of a shared perspective on the purpose of the sessions made it challenging to collaboratively create solutions. The study's recommendations include strategies for increasing parental social safety and facilitating more effective co-creation processes. The findings of this study can be used to inform the development of interventions that contribute to a social environment in which parents from low-income families feel safe to request and receive financial support for their children's sports participation.

Espoused implicit leadership and followership theories and emergent workplace relations: a factorial survey

Previous research on implicit leadership and followership theories (ILTs/IFTs) and interpersonal congruence thereof has primarily focused on preexisting, vertical leader-follower dyads. This study explores interpersonal congruence of ILTs/IFTs at earliest stages of emergent workplace relations in which formal leader and follower roles are not preassigned. We suggest that ILTs/IFTs, when espoused to others, have sorting effects in the social marketplace of organizations toward adaptive workplace relations. We introduce the notion of espoused ILTs/IFTs (i.e., assumptions about leaders and followers that someone claims to have and articulates to others) and examine how congruence of self- and other-espoused ILTs/IFTs facilitates the initiation and emergence of lateral workplace relations in a 'New Work' design (i.e., job sharing). Results of an experimental study show that interpersonal congruence in espoused ILTs/IFTs drives attraction to a job sharing partner consistently across different types (ILTs vs. IFTs) and valences (prototypes vs. antiprototypes). While ILTs and IFTs have a similarly strong attraction effect when shared by self and other, the effect of prototype congruence is significantly larger than the effect of antiprototype congruence. The findings encourage leadership scholars to study ILTs/IFTs in a broader range of expression than hitherto and make practitioners aware of similarity biases in the formation of flexible work arrangements.

How we can protect the protectors: learning from police officers and staff involved in child sexual abuse and exploitation investigations

Background

Police officers and staff who work in child sexual abuse and exploitation (CSAE) investigations are routinely exposed to traumatic materials and situations. Despite support services, working in this space can have negative impacts on wellbeing. This paper explores the experiences and perceptions held by police officers and staff involved in CSAE investigations in the United Kingdom, regarding work-related wellbeing support and barriers to accessing such support.

Method

A sample of 661 serving police officers and staff working in CSAE investigations participated in a United Kingdom-wide 'Protecting the Protectors' survey. We analysed quantitative and qualitative responses relating to participants' experiences and perceptions regarding three main areas: (1) availability, usage and helpfulness of existing work-based well-being support; (2) barriers to accessing support; and (3) desired support services.

Findings

Five interconnected themes emerged from the qualitative data that represented participants' experiences and views of work-based wellbeing support and the barriers to accessing it. These were 'Lack of trust', 'Stigma', 'Organisational approaches to wellbeing', 'Support services', and 'Internalised barriers'. The findings suggest that whilst respondents were aware of work-based support, they indicated most frequently that they 'never or almost never' used them. Respondents also identified barriers to accessing support, which related to a perception of a critical or judgmental workplace culture and indicating a lack of trust in their organisations.

Conclusion

Stigma regarding mental ill health has a pervasive and harmful impact on emotional health and wellbeing of police officers and staff involved in CSAE investigations, which creates a sense of lack of emotional safety. Therefore, eliminating stigma and creating a workplace culture that explicitly values and prioritises the emotional health and wellbeing of the workforce would improve the wellbeing of officers and staff. Police organisations could further improve CSAE teams' wellbeing by developing a continuum of care which is available to workers from recruitment to the end of the role, training managers and supervisors to better support CSAE teams, improving workplace practices, and ensuring high quality, specialist support services are readily and consistently available across forces.

Assessing cohesion and diversity in the collaboration network of the SALURBAL project

The SALURBAL (Urban Health in Latin America) Project is an interdisciplinary multinational network aimed at generating and disseminating actionable evidence on the drivers of health in cities of Latin America. We conducted a temporal multilayer network analysis where we measured cohesion over time using network structural properties and assessed diversity within and between different project activities according to participant attributes. Between 2017 and 2020 the SALURBAL network comprised 395 participants across 26 countries, 23 disciplines, and 181 institutions. While the cohesion of the SALURBAL network fluctuated over time, overall, an increase was observed from the first to the last time point of our analysis (clustering coefficient increased [0.83-0.91] and shortest path decreased [1.70-1.68]). SALURBAL also exhibited balanced overall diversity within project activities (0.5-0.6) by designing activities for different purposes such as capacity building, team-building, research, and dissemination. The network's growth was facilitated by the creation of new diverse collaborations across a range of activities over time, while maintaining the diversity of existing collaborations (0.69-0.75 between activity diversity depending on the attribute). The SALURBAL experience can serve as an example for multinational research projects aiming to build cohesive networks while leveraging heterogeneity in countries, disciplines, career stage, and across sectors.

Starting from scratch: New work design to enact entrance screening during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND

Health care organizations are constantly creating new work to achieve evolving goals such as digitalization, equity, value, or well-being. However, scholars have paid less attention to how such work becomes "work" in the first place, despite implications for the design, quality, and experience of work and, consequently, employee and organizational outcomes.

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to investigate how new work becomes enacted in health care organizations.

METHODOLOGY

A longitudinal, qualitative case study on the enactment of entrance screening-a new operation in response to COVID-19-in a multihospital academic medical center was performed.

RESULTS

Entrance screening comprised four tasks, whose design was initially influenced by institutional guidelines (e.g., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations) and clinical experts. Organizational-level influences (e.g., resource availability) then became more prominent, necessitating multiple feedback-response loops to calibrate the performance of entrance screening. Finally, entrance screening was integrated into existing operations of the organization to ensure operational sustainability. The treatment of entrance screening as an operation changed over time-initially seen as infection control work, it eventually bifurcated into patient care and clerical work.

CONCLUSION

The enactment of new work is constrained by the fit between resources and its intended output. Furthermore, the schema of work influences how and when organizational actors calibrate this fit.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

Health care leaders and managers should continuously update their schemas of work so that they can develop more sufficient and accurate representations of the employee capabilities that are required for the performance of new work.

Carbon emission reduction effects of intellectual property institution construction in China

Institutions are the fundamental determinants of carbon emission performance. However, the environmental impact of intellectual property institution, especially its impact on carbon emissions, has been paid little attention. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to assess the effect of intellectual property institution on carbon emission reduction, revealing a new solution to control carbon emissions. To achieve the goal, this study regards the National Intellectual Property Demonstration City (NIPDC) policy in China as a quasi-natural experiment of intellectual property institution construction and exploits the difference in difference approach to objectively evaluate the impact of intellectual property institution on carbon emission reduction based on the panel data of China's cities. The study draws the following important conclusions. First, compared with non-pilot cities, the NIPDC policy has reduced urban carbon emissions by 8.64% in pilot cities. In particular, the "carbon emission reduction dividend" of the NIPDC policy is in the long term but not in the short term. Second, the influence mechanism analysis shows that the NIPDC policy can promote carbon emission reduction by stimulating technology innovation, especially breakthrough innovation. Third, the space overflow analysis reveals that the NIPDC policy can mitigate carbon emissions in adjacent areas, resulting in obvious spatial radiation effect. Fourth, the heterogeneity analysis confirms that the carbon emission reduction effect of the NIPDC policy is more obvious in low administrative hierarchic cities, small and medium-sized cities, and western cities. As a result, Chinese policymakers should orderly promote the construction of NIPDCs, strengthen technology innovation, give full play to the spatial radiation role of NIPDCs, and optimize the role of government, so as to better release the carbon emission abatement effect of intellectual property institution.