201
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Ceafalan LC, Fertig TE, Popescu AC, Popescu BO, Hinescu ME, Gherghiceanu M. Skeletal muscle regeneration involves macrophage-myoblast bonding. Cell Adh Migr 2017; 12:228-235. [PMID: 28759306 PMCID: PMC6149487 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1346774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration in adult skeletal muscle relies on the activation, proliferation, and fusion of myogenic precursor cells (MPC), mostly resident satellite cells (SC). However, the regulatory mechanism during this process is still under evaluation, with the final aim to manipulate regeneration when the intrinsic mechanism is corrupted. Furthermore, intercellular connections during skeletal muscle regeneration have not been previously thoroughly documented. Our hypothesis was that a direct and close cellular interaction between SC/MPC and invading myeloid cells is a key step to control regeneration. We tested this hypothesis during different steps of skeletal muscle regeneration: (a) the recruitment of activated SC; (b) the differentiation of MPC; (c) myotubes growth, in a mouse model of crush injury. Samples harvested (3 and 5 days) post-injury were screened by light and confocal microscopy. Ultrastructural analysis was performed by conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) followed by 3D modeling of electron tomography (ET) data. This revealed a new type of interaction between macrophages and myogenic cells by direct heterocellular surface apposition over large areas and long linear distances. In the analyzed volume, regions spaced below 20 nm, within molecular range, represented 31% of the macrophage membrane surface and more than 27% of the myotube membrane. The constant interaction throughout all stages of myogenesis suggests a potential new type of regulatory mechanism for the myogenic process. Thus, deciphering structural and molecular mechanisms of SC-macrophage interaction following injury might open promising perspectives for improving muscle healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,b Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology , School of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Tudor Emanuel Fertig
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Alexandru Cristian Popescu
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,b Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology , School of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,c Department of Neurology, School of Medicine , Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,b Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology , School of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- a Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory , Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology , Bucharest , Romania.,b Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology , School of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
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202
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Hyldahl RD, Chen TC, Nosaka K. Mechanisms and Mediators of the Skeletal Muscle Repeated Bout Effect. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2017; 45:24-33. [PMID: 27782911 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adapts to exercise-induced damage by orchestrating several but still poorly understood mechanisms that endow protection from subsequent damage. Known widely as the repeated bout effect, we propose that neural adaptations, alterations to muscle mechanical properties, structural remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and biochemical signaling work in concert to coordinate the protective adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hyldahl
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; 2Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan; and 3Centre for Exercise and Sports Sciences, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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203
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Le Moal E, Pialoux V, Juban G, Groussard C, Zouhal H, Chazaud B, Mounier R. Redox Control of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:276-310. [PMID: 28027662 PMCID: PMC5685069 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle shows high plasticity in response to external demand. Moreover, adult skeletal muscle is capable of complete regeneration after injury, due to the properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), the satellite cells, which follow a tightly regulated myogenic program to generate both new myofibers and new MuSCs for further needs. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have long been associated with skeletal muscle physiology, their implication in the cell and molecular processes at work during muscle regeneration is more recent. This review focuses on redox regulation during skeletal muscle regeneration. An overview of the basics of ROS/RNS and antioxidant chemistry and biology occurring in skeletal muscle is first provided. Then, the comprehensive knowledge on redox regulation of MuSCs and their surrounding cell partners (macrophages, endothelial cells) during skeletal muscle regeneration is presented in normal muscle and in specific physiological (exercise-induced muscle damage, aging) and pathological (muscular dystrophies) contexts. Recent advances in the comprehension of these processes has led to the development of therapeutic assays using antioxidant supplementation, which result in inconsistent efficiency, underlying the need for new tools that are aimed at precisely deciphering and targeting ROS networks. This review should provide an overall insight of the redox regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration while highlighting the limits of the use of nonspecific antioxidants to improve muscle function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 276-310.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeran Le Moal
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, EA7424, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Juban
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Groussard
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory, M2S, EA1274, University of Rennes 2, Bruz, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, Villeurbanne, France
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204
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TNF signaling and macrophages govern fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2979. [PMID: 28796253 PMCID: PMC5596562 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for appendage regeneration after amputation in regenerative species. The molecular mechanisms through which macrophages orchestrate blastema formation and regeneration are still unclear. Here, we use the genetically tractable and transparent zebrafish larvae to study the functions of polarized macrophage subsets during caudal fin regeneration. After caudal fin amputation, we show an early and transient accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages concomitant with the accumulation of non-inflammatory macrophages which, in contrast to pro-inflammatory macrophages, remain associated to the fin until the end of the regeneration. Chemical and genetic depletion of macrophages suggested that early recruited macrophages that express TNFα are critical for blastema formation. Combining parabiosis and morpholino knockdown strategies, we show that TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway is required for the fin regeneration. Our study reveals that TNFR1 has a necessary and direct role in blastema cell activation suggesting that macrophage subset balance provides the accurate TNFα signal to prime regeneration in zebrafish.
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205
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Patsalos A, Pap A, Varga T, Trencsenyi G, Contreras GA, Garai I, Papp Z, Dezso B, Pintye E, Nagy L. In situ macrophage phenotypic transition is affected by altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile muscle injury. J Physiol 2017; 595:5815-5842. [PMID: 28714082 DOI: 10.1113/jp274361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The in situ phenotypic switch of macrophages is delayed in acute injury following irradiation. The combination of bone marrow transplantation and local muscle radiation protection allows for the identification of a myeloid cell contribution to tissue repair. PET-MRI allows monitoring of myeloid cell invasion and metabolism. Altered cellular composition prior to acute sterile injury affects the in situ phenotypic transition of invading myeloid cells to repair macrophages. There is reciprocal intercellular communication between local muscle cell compartments, such as PAX7 positive cells, and recruited macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration. ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex interplay between various cell types including invading macrophages. Their recruitment to damaged tissues upon acute sterile injuries is necessary for clearance of necrotic debris and for coordination of tissue regeneration. This highly dynamic process is characterized by an in situ transition of infiltrating monocytes from an inflammatory (Ly6Chigh ) to a repair (Ly6Clow ) macrophage phenotype. The importance of the macrophage phenotypic shift and the cross-talk of the local muscle tissue with the infiltrating macrophages during tissue regeneration upon injury are not fully understood and their study lacks adequate methodology. Here, using an acute sterile skeletal muscle injury model combined with irradiation, bone marrow transplantation and in vivo imaging, we show that preserved muscle integrity and cell composition prior to the injury is necessary for the repair macrophage phenotypic transition and subsequently for proper and complete tissue regeneration. Importantly, by using a model of in vivo ablation of PAX7 positive cells, we show that this radiosensitive skeletal muscle progenitor pool contributes to macrophage phenotypic transition following acute sterile muscle injury. In addition, local muscle tissue radioprotection by lead shielding during irradiation preserves normal macrophage transition dynamics and subsequently muscle tissue regeneration. Taken together, our data suggest the existence of a more extensive and reciprocal cross-talk between muscle tissue compartments, including satellite cells, and infiltrating myeloid cells upon tissue damage. These interactions shape the macrophage in situ phenotypic shift, which is indispensable for normal muscle tissue repair dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Tamas Varga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | | | - Gerardo Alvarado Contreras
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltan Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Dezso
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eva Pintye
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institute of Oncology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE 'Lendület' Immunogenomics Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
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206
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Mussar K, Pardike S, Hohl TM, Hardiman G, Cirulli V, Crisa L. A CCR2+ myeloid cell niche required for pancreatic β cell growth. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93834. [PMID: 28768911 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific patterns of myeloid cells may contribute tissue-specific growth and/or regenerative potentials. The perinatal stage of pancreas development marks a time characterized by maximal proliferation of pancreatic islets, ensuring the maintenance of glucose homeostasis throughout life. Ontogenically distinct CX3CR1+ and CCR2+ macrophage populations have been reported in the adult pancreas, but their functional contribution to islet cell growth at birth remains unknown. Here, we uncovered a temporally restricted requirement for CCR2+ myeloid cells in the perinatal proliferation of the endocrine pancreatic epithelium. CCR2+ macrophages are transiently enriched over CX3CR1+ subsets in the neonatal pancreas through both local expansion and recruitment of immature precursors. Using CCR2-specific depletion models, we show that loss of this myeloid population leads to a striking reduction in β cell proliferation, dysfunctional islet phenotypes, and glucose intolerance in newborns. Replenishment of pancreatic CCR2+ myeloid compartments by adoptive transfer rescues these defects. Gene profiling identifies pancreatic CCR2+ myeloid cells as a prominent source of IGF2, which contributes to IGF1R-mediated islet proliferation. These findings uncover proproliferative functions of CCR2+ myeloid subsets and identify myeloid-dependent regulation of IGF signaling as a local cue supporting pancreatic proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Mussar
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie Pardike
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Crisa
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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207
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Neves J, Sousa-Victor P, Jasper H. Rejuvenating Strategies for Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:161-175. [PMID: 28157498 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of tissue regeneration and the development of efficient approaches to induce and differentiate pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies promise exciting avenues for treating degenerative age-related diseases. However, clinical studies and insights from model organisms have identified major roadblocks that normal aging processes impose on tissue regeneration. These new insights suggest that specific targeting of environmental niche components, including growth factors, ECM, and immune cells, and intrinsic stem cell properties that are affected by aging will be critical for the development of new strategies to improve stem cell function and optimize tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Neves
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany.
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208
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Choo HJ, Canner JP, Vest KE, Thompson Z, Pavlath GK. A tale of two niches: differential functions for VCAM-1 in satellite cells under basal and injured conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C392-C404. [PMID: 28701357 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00119.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecules play key roles in maintaining quiescence or promoting activation of various stem cells in their niche. Muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SC) are critical for skeletal muscle regeneration after injury, but little is known about the role of adhesion molecules in regulating the behavior of these stem cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a cell-cell adhesion protein expressed on quiescent and activated SC whose function is unknown in this context. We deleted Vcam1 from SC using an inducible Cre recombinase in young mice. In the injured niche, Vcam1-/- SC underwent premature lineage progression to a more differentiated state as well as apoptosis leading to a transient delay in myofiber growth during regeneration. Apoptosis was also increased in Vcam1-/- SC in vitro concomitant with decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt, a prosurvival signal activated by VCAM-1 signaling in other cell types. During muscle regeneration, we observed an influx of immune cells expressing α4 integrin, a component of the major, high-affinity VCAM-1 ligand, α4β1 integrin. Furthermore, α4 integrin mRNA and protein were induced in SC 2 days after injury. These results suggest that SC interact with other SC as well as immune cells through α4β1 integrin in the injured niche to promote expansion of SC. In the uninjured niche, multiple cell types also expressed α4 integrin. However, only basal fusion of Vcam1-/- SC with myofibers was decreased, contributing to decreased myofiber growth. These studies define differential roles for VCAM-1 in SC depending on the state of their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Choo
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James P Canner
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Katherine E Vest
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Zachary Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Grace K Pavlath
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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209
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Reidy PT, Lindsay CC, McKenzie AI, Fry CS, Supiano MA, Marcus RL, LaStayo PC, Drummond MJ. Aging-related effects of bed rest followed by eccentric exercise rehabilitation on skeletal muscle macrophages and insulin sensitivity. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:37-49. [PMID: 28705613 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages are associated with insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle regeneration. Infiltrating macrophages in skeletal muscle during a period of physical inactivity and subsequent reloading/rehabilitation in older adults is unknown, but may provide insight into mechanisms related to the development of metabolic disease and changes in muscle cell size. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle macrophage infiltration is modulated differently between young and older adults after bed rest and exercise rehabilitation and if these responses are related to muscle and insulin sensitivity changes. 14 young and 9 older adults underwent 5-days of bed rest followed by 8-weeks of lower limb eccentric exercise rehabilitation (REHAB). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging and myofiber analysis were used to identify muscle morphology and CLIX-IR and CLIX-β were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle macrophages, CD68 (pan), CD11b (M1), CD163 (M2), CD206 (M2), were characterized using immunohistochemistry and gene expression. Insulin sensitivity, independent of age, decreased ~38% following bed rest and was restored following REHAB. We found robust age-related differences in muscle atrophy during bed rest, yet older and younger adults equally hypertrophied during REHAB. Interestingly, there were age-related differences in macrophage content (CD68+CD11b+ and CD68+CD11b- cells) but both young and old similarly increased macrophages with REHAB. Satellite cell changes during rehab corresponded to macrophage content changes. Muscle tissue resident macrophages and gene expression, were not associated with changes in insulin sensitivity following bed rest and REHAB. These data suggest that muscle macrophages are modulated as a result of exercise rehabilitation following bed rest and may more associated with muscle regrowth/hypertrophy rather than insulin sensitivity in young or older adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01669590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Reidy
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Catherine C Lindsay
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, 30 N. 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Division of Geriatrics, 30 N 1900 E, Room 4B120, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; VA Salt Lake City Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Robin L Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Paul C LaStayo
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84018, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E, RM 214, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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210
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Papah MB, Brannick EM, Schmidt CJ, Abasht B. Evidence and role of phlebitis and lipid infiltration in the onset and pathogenesis of Wooden Breast Disease in modern broiler chickens. Avian Pathol 2017; 46:623-643. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1339346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Papah
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Erin M. Brannick
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Carl J. Schmidt
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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211
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Yin Y, Wu RX, He XT, Xu XY, Wang J, Chen FM. Influences of age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells on macrophages during in-vitro culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:153. [PMID: 28646912 PMCID: PMC5483296 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely used in cytotherapy and tissue engineering due to their immunosuppressive ability and regenerative potential. Recently, the immunomodulatory influence of MSCs has been gaining increasing attention because their functional roles in modulating immune responses likely have high clinical significance. METHODS In this study, we investigated the influence of MSCs on macrophages (Mφs) in in-vitro cell culture systems. Given evidence that aged MSCs are functionally compromised, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) isolated from both young and aged mice (YMSCs and AMSCs) were evaluated and contrasted. RESULTS We found that YMSCs exhibited greater proliferative and osteo-differentiation potential compared to AMSCs. When cocultured with RAW264.7 cells (an Mφ cell line), both YMSCs and AMSCs coaxed polarization of Mφs toward an M2 phenotype and induced secretion of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. Compared to AMSCs, YMSCs exhibited a more potent immunomodulatory effect. While Mφs cocultured with either YMSCs or AMSCs displayed similar phagocytic ability, AMSC coculture was found to enhance Mφ migration in Transwell systems. When BMSCs were prestimulated with interferon gamma before coculture with RAW264.7 cells, their regulatory effects on Mφs appeared to be modified. Here, compared to stimulated AMSCs, stimulated YMSCs also exhibited enhanced cellular influence on cocultured RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that BMSCs exert an age-related regulatory effect on Mφs with respect to their phenotype and functions but an optimized stimulation to enhance MSC immunomodulation is in need of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145th West Changle Road, Xi’an, 710032 People’s Republic of China
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212
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Nielsen JL, Aagaard P, Prokhorova TA, Nygaard T, Bech RD, Suetta C, Frandsen U. Blood flow restricted training leads to myocellular macrophage infiltration and upregulation of heat shock proteins, but no apparent muscle damage. J Physiol 2017; 595:4857-4873. [PMID: 28481416 DOI: 10.1113/jp273907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscular contractions performed using a combination of low external loads and partial restriction of limb blood flow appear to induce substantial gains in muscle strength and muscle mass. This exercise regime may initially induce muscular stress and damage; however, the effects of a period of blood flow restricted training on these parameters remain largely unknown. The present study shows that short-term, high-frequency, low-load muscle training performed with partial blood flow restriction does not induce significant muscular damage. However, signs of myocellular stress and inflammation that were observed in the early phase of training and after the training intervention, respectively, may be facilitating the previously reported gains in myogenic satellite cell content and muscle hypertrophy. The present results improve our current knowledge about the physiological effects of low-load muscular contractions performed under blood flow restriction and may provide important information of relevance for future therapeutic treatment of muscular atrophy. ABSTRACT Previous studies indicate that low-load muscle contractions performed under local blood flow restriction (BFR) may initially induce muscle damage and stress. However, whether these factors are evoked with longitudinal BFR training remains unexplored at the myocellular level. Two distinct study protocols were conducted, covering 3 weeks (3 wk) or one week (1 wk). Subjects performed BFR exercise (100 mmHg, 20% 1RM) to concentric failure (BFRE) (3 wk/1 wk), while controls performed work-matched (LLE) (3 wk) or high-load (HLE; 70% 1RM) (1 wk) free-flow exercise. Muscle biopsies (3 wk) were obtained at baseline (Pre), 8 days into the intervention (Mid8), and 3 and 10 days after training cessation (Post3, Post10) to examine macrophage (M1/M2) content as well as heat shock protein (HSP27/70) and tenascin-C expression. Blood samples (1 wk) were collected before and after (0.1-24 h) the first and last training session to examine markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase), oxidative stress (total antibody capacity, glutathione) and inflammation (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α). M1-macrophage content increased 108-165% with BFRE and LLE at Post3 (P < 0.05), while M2-macrophages increased (163%) with BFRE only (P < 0.01). Membrane and intracellular HSP27 expression increased 60-132% at Mid8 with BFRE (P < 0.05-0.01). No or only minor changes were observed in circulating markers of muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammation. The amplitude, timing and localization of the above changes indicate that only limited muscle damage was evoked with BFRE. This study is the first to show that a period of high-frequency, low-load BFR training does not appear to induce general myocellular damage. However, signs of tissue inflammation and focal myocellular membrane stress and/or reorganization were observed that may be involved in the adaptation processes evoked by BFR muscle exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tatyana A Prokhorova
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nygaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bech
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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213
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Juban G, Chazaud B. Metabolic regulation of macrophages during tissue repair: insights from skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3007-3021. [PMID: 28555751 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are highly versatile cells that are involved both in the mounting and the resolution of inflammatory responses. Besides their properties in innate immunity to fight against pathogens, macrophages are essential for tissue repair, during which they adopt sequential inflammatory status. While the acquisition of some canonical polarized inflammatory statuses in vitro (M1/M2) is beginning to be understood at the molecular level, the regulation of macrophage skewing in vivo has been less investigated. Immunometabolism, in particular, is an emerging field, and most of the studies so far have investigated the control of macrophage polarization using in vitro set-ups. In this context, skeletal muscle regeneration is an excellent paradigm to study tissue repair, since the sequential steps of inflammatory response and tissue repair are well characterized. In this Review, after introducing macrophage populations and functions during skeletal muscle regeneration, we present the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of macrophage inflammatory status, with particular emphasis on the comparison between in vitro and in vivo models of macrophage activation. We also discuss the metabolic regulation of macrophages in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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214
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Mounier R, Chazaud B. [PPARγ transcription factor controls in anti-inflammatory macrophages the expression of GDF3 that stimulates myogenic cell fusion during skeletal muscle regeneration]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:466-469. [PMID: 28612715 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173305003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mounier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, Inserm U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR-5310, Inserm U-1217, Institut NeuroMyoGène, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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215
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Preferred M2 Polarization by ASC-Based Hydrogel Accelerated Angiogenesis and Myogenesis in Volumetric Muscle Loss Rats. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2896874. [PMID: 28694827 PMCID: PMC5488492 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2896874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury resulted from massive muscle defects and diseases for which there are still no effective therapeutic treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs) and rASCs-conditioned medium- (CM-) based type I collagen hydrogel on macrophage (MP) transition, myogenesis, and vascularization in the rat VML model. Laser Doppler results demonstrated much higher blood flow in the rASC- and CM-based hydrogel groups. qRT-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin, immunofluorescence, and Sirius Red staining manifested that both rASCs and CM-based hydrogel implantation accelerated muscle repair with upregulated angiogenesis and myogenesis, attenuated inflammation while facilitating M2 transition, and decreased the collagen deposition compared with the hydrogel group. In vitro experiments indicated that factors secreted from polarized M2 MPs could accelerate the migration and tube formation capacities of HUVECs. These results suggested that rASCs exerted immunomodulatory effects on MPs which further enhanced the proangiogenic potential on ECs to promote myogenesis and angiogenesis during muscle repair. These fundamental results support further clinical applications of ASCs for muscle loss injury.
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216
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Biomaterials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 47:16-22. [PMID: 28575733 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle can naturally regenerate in response to minor injuries, more severe damage and myopathies can cause irreversible loss of muscle mass and function. Cell therapies, while promising, have not yet demonstrated consistent benefit, likely due to poor survival of delivered cells. Biomaterials can improve muscle regeneration by presenting chemical and physical cues to muscle cells that mimic the natural cascade of regeneration. This brief review describes strategies for muscle repair utilizing biomaterials that can provide signals to either transplanted or host muscle cells. These strategies range from approaches that utilize biomaterials alone to those that combine biomaterials with exogenous growth factors, ex vivo cultured cells, and extensive culture time.
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217
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Mackey AL, Magnan M, Chazaud B, Kjaer M. Human skeletal muscle fibroblasts stimulate in vitro myogenesis and in vivo muscle regeneration. J Physiol 2017; 595:5115-5127. [PMID: 28369879 DOI: 10.1113/jp273997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Accumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix is an unfavourable characteristic of many muscle diseases, muscle injury and sarcopenia. The extent of cross-talk between fibroblasts, as the source of matrix protein, and satellite cells in humans is unknown. We studied this in human muscle biopsies and cell-culture studies. We observed a strong stimulation of myogenesis by human fibroblasts in cell culture. In biopsies collected 30 days after a muscle injury protocol, fibroblast number increased to four times control levels, where fibroblasts were found to be preferentially located immediately surrounding regenerating muscle fibres. These novel findings indicate an important role for fibroblasts in supporting the regeneration of muscle fibres, potentially through direct stimulation of satellite cell differentiation and fusion, and contribute to understanding of cell-cell cross-talk during physiological and pathological muscle remodelling. ABSTRACT Accumulation of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix is an unfavourable characteristic of many muscle diseases, muscle injury and sarcopenia. In addition to the indispensable role satellite cells play in muscle regeneration, there is emerging evidence in rodents for a regulatory influence on fibroblast activity. However, the influence of fibroblasts on satellite cells and muscle regeneration in humans is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate this in vitro and during in vivo regeneration in humans. Following a muscle injury protocol in young healthy men (n = 7), the number of fibroblasts (TCF7L2+), satellite cells (Pax7+), differentiating myogenic cells (myogenin+) and regenerating fibres (neonatal/embryonic myosin+) was determined from biopsy cross-sections. Fibroblasts and myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) were also isolated from human skeletal muscle (n = 4) and co-cultured using different cell ratios, with the two cell populations either in direct contact with each other or separated by a permeable membrane. MPC proliferation, differentiation and fusion were assessed from cells stained for BrdU, desmin and myogenin. On biopsy cross-sections, fibroblast number was seen to increase, along with myogenic cell number, by d7 and increase further by d30, where fibroblasts were observed to be preferentially located immediately surrounding regenerating muscle fibres. In vitro, the presence of fibroblasts in direct contact with MPCs was found to moderately stimulate MPC proliferation and strongly stimulate both MPC differentiation and MPC fusion. It thus appears, in humans, that fibroblasts exert a strong positive regulatory influence on MPC activity, in line with observations during in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mélanie Magnan
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène, INSERM U1217, UMR CNRS 5310, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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218
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Spadaro O, Camell CD, Bosurgi L, Nguyen KY, Youm YH, Rothlin CV, Dixit VD. IGF1 Shapes Macrophage Activation in Response to Immunometabolic Challenge. Cell Rep 2017; 19:225-234. [PMID: 28402847 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In concert with their phagocytic activity, macrophages are thought to regulate the host immunometabolic responses primarily via their ability to produce specific cytokines and metabolites. Here, we show that IL-4-differentiated, M2-like macrophages secrete IGF1, a hormone previously thought to be exclusively produced from liver. Ablation of IGF1 receptors from myeloid cells reduced phagocytosis, increased macrophages in adipose tissue, elevated adiposity, lowered energy expenditure, and led to insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The investigation of adipose macrophage phenotype in obese myeloid IGF1R knockout (MIKO) mice revealed a reduction in transcripts associated with M2-like macrophage activation. Furthermore, the MIKO mice infected with helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis displayed delayed resolution from infection with normal insulin sensitivity. Surprisingly, cold challenge did not trigger an overt M2-like state and failed to induce tyrosine hydroxylase expression in adipose tissue macrophages of control or MIKO mice. These results show that IGF1 signaling shapes the macrophage-activation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spadaro
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christina D Camell
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kim Y Nguyen
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Section of Comparative Medicine and Program on Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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219
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Cancedda R, Bollini S, Descalzi F, Mastrogiacomo M, Tasso R. Learning from Mother Nature: Innovative Tools to Boost Endogenous Repair of Critical or Difficult-to-Heal Large Tissue Defects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:28. [PMID: 28503549 PMCID: PMC5408079 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For repair of chronic or difficult-to-heal tissue lesions and defects, major constraints exist to a broad application of cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches, i.e., transplantation of “ex vivo” expanded autologous stem/progenitor cells, alone or associated with carrier biomaterials. To enable a large number of patients to benefit, new strategies should be considered. One of the main goals of contemporary regenerative medicine is to develop new regenerative therapies, inspired from Mother Nature. In all injured tissues, when platelets are activated by tissue contact, their released factors promote innate immune cell migration to the wound site. Platelet-derived factors and factors secreted by migrating immune cells create an inflammatory microenvironment, in turn, causing the activation of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis processes. Eventually, repair or regeneration of the injured tissue occurs via paracrine signals activating, mobilizing or recruiting to the wound site cells with healing potential, such as stem cells, progenitors, or undifferentiated cells derived from the reprogramming of tissue differentiated cells. This review, largely based on our studies, discusses the identification of new tools, inspired by cellular and molecular mechanisms overseeing physiological tissue healing, that could reactivate dormant endogenous regeneration mechanisms lost during evolution and ontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Cancedda
- Biorigen Srl, Genova, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Tasso
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST National Institute of Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
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220
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Davies OG, Liu Y, Player DJ, Martin NRW, Grover LM, Lewis MP. Defining the Balance between Regeneration and Pathological Ossification in Skeletal Muscle Following Traumatic Injury. Front Physiol 2017; 8:194. [PMID: 28421001 PMCID: PMC5376571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the formation of bone at atypical sites. This type of ectopic bone formation is most prominent in skeletal muscle, most frequently resulting as a consequence of physical trauma and associated with aberrant tissue regeneration. The condition is debilitating, reducing a patient's range of motion and potentially causing severe pathologies resulting from nerve and vascular compression. Despite efforts to understand the pathological processes governing HO, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the micro-environmental conditions conducive to its formation, and attempting to define the balance between muscle regeneration and pathological ossification remains complex. The development of HO is thought to be related to a complex interplay between factors released both locally and systemically in response to trauma. It develops as skeletal muscle undergoes significant repair and regeneration, and is likely to result from the misdirected differentiation of endogenous or systemically derived progenitors in response to biochemical and/or environmental cues. The process can be sequentially delineated by the presence of inflammation, tissue breakdown, adipogenesis, hypoxia, neo-vasculogenesis, chondrogenesis and ossification. However, exactly how each of these stages contributes to the formation of HO is at present not well understood. Our previous review examined the cellular contribution to HO. Therefore, the principal aim of this review will be to comprehensively outline changes in the local tissue micro-environment following trauma, and identify how these changes can alter the balance between skeletal muscle regeneration and ectopic ossification. An understanding of the mechanisms governing this condition is required for the development and advancement of HO prophylaxis and treatment, and may even hold the key to unlocking novel methods for engineering hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen G Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Darren J Player
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Neil R W Martin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of BirminghamBirmingham, UK
| | - Mark P Lewis
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, UK
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221
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Ogle ME, Krieger JR, Tellier LE, McFaline-Figueroa J, Temenoff JS, Botchwey EA. Dual Affinity Heparin-Based Hydrogels Achieve Pro-Regenerative Immunomodulation and Microvascular Remodeling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1241-1250. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly E. Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jack R. Krieger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Liane E. Tellier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jennifer McFaline-Figueroa
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Edward A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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222
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Rybalko V, Hsieh PL, Ricles LM, Chung E, Farrar RP, Suggs LJ. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells and macrophages for ischemic skeletal muscle repair. Regen Med 2017; 12:153-167. [PMID: 28244825 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Progressive ischemia due to peripheral artery disease causes muscle damage and reduced strength of the lower extremities. Autologous cell therapy is an attractive treatment to restore perfusion and improve muscle function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have therapeutic potential in tissue repair, including polarizing effects on macrophages (MPs). MATERIALS & METHODS Co-culture systems of ASCs and MPs were analyzed for gene and protein expression modifications in ASC-conditioned MPs. Co-transplantation of MPs/ASCs in vivo led to improved skeletal muscle regeneration in a mouse model of peripheral artery disease. RESULTS ASCs/MPs therapy restored muscle function, increased perfusion and reduced inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSION Combined MPs/ASCs cell therapy is a promising approach to restore muscle function and stimulate local angiogenesis in the ischemic limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Rybalko
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura M Ricles
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Eunna Chung
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Roger P Farrar
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Laura J Suggs
- Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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223
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Guardiola O, Andolfi G, Tirone M, Iavarone F, Brunelli S, Minchiotti G. Induction of Acute Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Cardiotoxin Injection. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28117768 DOI: 10.3791/54515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a physiological process that occurs in adult skeletal muscles in response to injury or disease. Acute injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration is a widely used, powerful model system to study the events involved in muscle regeneration as well as the mechanisms and different players. Indeed, a detailed knowledge of this process is essential for a better understanding of the pathological conditions that lead to skeletal muscle degeneration, and it aids in identifying new targeted therapeutic strategies. The present work describes a detailed and reproducible protocol to induce acute skeletal muscle regeneration in mice through a single intramuscular injection of cardiotoxin (CTX). CTX belongs to the family of snake venom toxins and causes myolysis of myofibers, which eventually triggers the regeneration events. The dynamics of skeletal muscle regeneration is evaluated by histological analysis of muscle sections. The protocol also illustrates the experimental procedures for dissecting, freezing, and cutting the Tibialis Anterior muscle, as well as the routine Hematoxylin & Eosin staining that is widely used for subsequent morphological and morphometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ombretta Guardiola
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR;
| | - Gennaro Andolfi
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR
| | - Mario Tirone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca; Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute
| | | | - Silvia Brunelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati Traverso", CNR
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224
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Saclier M, Theret M, Mounier R, Chazaud B. Effects of Macrophage Conditioned-Medium on Murine and Human Muscle Cells: Analysis of Proliferation, Differentiation, and Fusion. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1556:317-327. [PMID: 28247358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic tissue, which is able to regenerate after an injury. Effective and complete regeneration requires interactions between myogenic precursor cells and several cell types such as macrophages . Bone marrow derived macrophages in mouse and monocyte-derived macrophages in human are useful tools to obtain macrophage populations that may be specifically activated/polarized in vitro (e.g., pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and alternatively activated macrophages ). In vitro , human or murine primary myogenic cells recapitulate the adult myogenesis program through proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and fusion. Macrophages being highly secreting cells, they act on various biological processes including adult myogenesis . Here, we present protocols to analyze in vitro the effect of macrophage-secreted factors on muscle cell proliferation or differentiation in both mouse and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielle Saclier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marine Theret
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Villeurbanne, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, INMG, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR5310, Villeurbanne, France.
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225
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Furrer R, Handschin C. Optimized Engagement of Macrophages and Satellite Cells in the Repair and Regeneration of Exercised Muscle. RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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226
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Peake JM, Neubauer O, Della Gatta PA, Nosaka K. Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:559-570. [PMID: 28035017 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00971.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Unaccustomed exercise consisting of eccentric (i.e., lengthening) muscle contractions often results in muscle damage characterized by ultrastructural alterations in muscle tissue, clinical signs, and symptoms (e.g., reduced muscle strength and range of motion, increased muscle soreness and swelling, efflux of myocellular proteins). The time course of recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage depends on the extent of initial muscle damage, which in turn is influenced by the intensity and duration of exercise, joint angle/muscle length, and muscle groups used during exercise. The effects of these factors on muscle strength, soreness, and swelling are well characterized. By contrast, much less is known about how they affect intramuscular inflammation and molecular aspects of muscle adaptation/remodeling. Although inflammation has historically been viewed as detrimental for recovery from exercise, it is now generally accepted that inflammatory responses, if tightly regulated, are integral to muscle repair and regeneration. Animal studies have revealed that various cell types, including neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, CD8 and T-regulatory lymphocytes, fibro-adipogenic progenitors, and pericytes help to facilitate muscle tissue regeneration. However, more research is required to determine whether these cells respond to exercise-induced muscle damage. A large body of research has investigated the efficacy of physicotherapeutic, pharmacological, and nutritional interventions for reducing the signs and symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage, with mixed results. More research is needed to examine if/how these treatments influence inflammation and muscle remodeling during recovery from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Peake
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; .,Center of Excellence for Applied Sport Science Research, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Tissue Repair and Translational Physiology Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kazunori Nosaka
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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227
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Abstract
Macrophages regulate tissue regeneration following injury. They can worsen tissue injury by producing reactive oxygen species and other toxic mediators that disrupt cell metabolism, induce apoptosis, and exacerbate ischemic injury. However, they also produce a variety of growth factors, such as IGF-1, VEGF-α, TGF-β, and Wnt proteins that regulate epithelial and endothelial cell proliferation, myofibroblast activation, stem and tissue progenitor cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. Proresolving macrophages in turn restore tissue homeostasis by functioning as anti-inflammatory cells, and macrophage-derived matrix metalloproteinases regulate fibrin and collagen turnover. However, dysregulated macrophage function impairs wound healing and contributes to the development of fibrosis. Consequently, the mechanisms that regulate these different macrophage activation states have become active areas of research. In this review, we discuss the common and unique mechanisms by which macrophages instruct tissue repair in the liver, nervous system, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and intestine and illustrate how macrophages might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Vannella
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
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228
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Vezzoli M, Sciorati C, Campana L, Monno A, Doglio MG, Rigamonti E, Corna G, Touvier T, Castiglioni A, Capobianco A, Mantovani A, Manfredi AA, Garlanda C, Rovere-Querini P. The clearance of cell remnants and the regeneration of the injured muscle depend on soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3. Mol Med 2016; 22:809-820. [PMID: 27900389 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The signals causing the resolution of muscle inflammation are only partially characterized. The long pentraxin PTX3, which modulates leukocyte recruitment and activation, could contribute. METHODS We analysed the expression of ptx3 after muscle injury and verified whether hematopoietic precursors are a source of the protein. The kinetics of regeneration and leukocytes infiltration, the accumulation of cell remnants and anti-histidyl-t-RNA synthetase autoantibodies were compared in wild-type and ptx3-deficient mice. RESULTS Ptx3 expression was up-regulated three-five days after injury and restricted to the extracellular matrix. Cellular debris and leukocytes persisted in the muscle of ptx3-deficient mice for a long time after wild-type animals had healed. ptx3-deficient macrophages expressed receptors involved in apoptotic cell clearance and engulfed dead cells in vitro. Accumulation of cell debris in a pro-inflammatory microenvironment was not sufficient to elicit autoantibodies. CONCLUSION PTX3 generated in response to muscle injury prompts the clearance of debris and the termination of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Vezzoli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Campana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Doglio
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Rigamonti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Corna
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Thierry Touvier
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castiglioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, Milano, Italy
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229
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San Emeterio CL, Olingy CE, Chu Y, Botchwey EA. Selective recruitment of non-classical monocytes promotes skeletal muscle repair. Biomaterials 2016; 117:32-43. [PMID: 27930948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of traumatic defects in skeletal muscle requires the synchronized behavior of multiple cells that participate in repair. The inflammatory cascade that is rapidly initiated after injury serves as a powerful node at which to guide the progression of healing and influence tissue repair. Here, we examine the role that myeloid cells play in the healing of traumatic skeletal muscle injury, and leverage their pro-regenerative functions using local delivery of the immunomodulatory small molecule FTY720. We demonstrate that increasing the frequency of non-classical monocytes in inflamed muscle coincides with increased numbers of CD206+ alternatively activated macrophages. Animals treated with immunomodulatory materials had greater defect closure and more vascularization in the acute phases of injury. In the later stages of repair, during which parenchymal tissue growth occurs, we observed improved regeneration of muscle fibers and decreased fibrotic tissue following localization of pro-regenerative inflammation. These results highlight non-classical monocytes as a novel therapeutic target to improve the regenerative outcome after traumatic skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L San Emeterio
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Claire E Olingy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yihsuan Chu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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230
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Latroche C, Gitiaux C, Chrétien F, Desguerre I, Mounier R, Chazaud B. Skeletal Muscle Microvasculature: A Highly Dynamic Lifeline. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:417-27. [PMID: 26525341 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00026.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is highly irrigated by blood vessels. Beyond oxygen and nutrient supply, new vessel functions have been identified. This review presents vessel microanatomy and functions at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Mechanisms of vessel plasticity are described during skeletal muscle development and acute regeneration, and in physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Latroche
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Gitiaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Desguerre
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Mounier
- CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; CGPhyMC, CNRS UMR5534, Villeurbanne, France; and Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
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231
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Corona BT, Greising SM. Challenges to acellular biological scaffold mediated skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 104:238-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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232
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Macrophages and regeneration: Lessons from the heart. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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233
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Dakin SG, Martinez FO, Yapp C, Wells G, Oppermann U, Dean BJF, Smith RDJ, Wheway K, Watkins B, Roche L, Carr AJ. Inflammation activation and resolution in human tendon disease. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:311ra173. [PMID: 26511510 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Improved understanding of the role of inflammation in tendon disease is required to facilitate therapeutic target discovery. We studied supraspinatus tendons from patients experiencing pain before and after surgical subacromial decompression treatment. Tendons were classified as having early, intermediate, or advanced disease, and inflammation was characterized through activation of pathways mediated by interferon (IFN), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), glucocorticoid receptor, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT-6). Inflammation signatures revealed expression of genes and proteins induced by IFN and NF-κB in early-stage disease and genes and proteins induced by STAT-6 and glucocorticoid receptor activation in advanced-stage disease. The proresolving proteins FPR2/ALX and ChemR23 were increased in early-stage disease compared to intermediate- to advanced-stage disease. Patients who were pain-free after treatment had tendons with increased expression of CD206 and ALOX15 mRNA compared to tendons from patients who continued to experience pain after treatment, suggesting that these genes and their pathways may moderate tendon pain. Stromal cells from diseased tendons cultured in vitro showed increased expression of NF-κB and IFN target genes after treatment with lipopolysaccharide or IFNγ compared to stromal cells derived from healthy tendons. We identified 15-epi lipoxin A4, a stable lipoxin isoform derived from aspirin treatment, as potentially beneficial in the resolution of tendon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Clarence Yapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Graham Wells
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Benjamin J F Dean
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Richard D J Smith
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Kim Wheway
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Bridget Watkins
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Lucy Roche
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington OX3 7LD, UK. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
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234
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Bursac N, Juhas M, Rando TA. Synergizing Engineering and Biology to Treat and Model Skeletal Muscle Injury and Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 17:217-42. [PMID: 26643021 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although skeletal muscle is one of the most regenerative organs in our body, various genetic defects, alterations in extrinsic signaling, or substantial tissue damage can impair muscle function and the capacity for self-repair. The diversity and complexity of muscle disorders have attracted much interest from both cell biologists and, more recently, bioengineers, leading to concentrated efforts to better understand muscle pathology and develop more efficient therapies. This review describes the biological underpinnings of muscle development, repair, and disease, and discusses recent bioengineering efforts to design and control myomimetic environments, both to study muscle biology and function and to aid in the development of new drug, cell, and gene therapies for muscle disorders. The synergy between engineering-aided biological discovery and biology-inspired engineering solutions will be the path forward for translating laboratory results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Mark Juhas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708;
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305.,Rehabilitation Research & Development Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
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235
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The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is "Inflammation" Always Inflammation? Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2856213. [PMID: 27597803 PMCID: PMC4997018 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2856213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of "proinflammatory" cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine "inflammation"? In this review, we discuss the functions of "inflammatory" mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury.
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236
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Dufresne SS, Frenette J, Dumont NA. [Inflammation and muscle regeneration, a double-edged sword]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:591-7. [PMID: 27406769 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163206022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries are very frequent and are associated with an inflammatory reaction that varies in intensity. Classically the inflammatory process was considered harmful for muscle regeneration and anti-inflammatory agents are still part of a conventional therapy. Over the last decades, it has been demonstrated under some conditions that the inflammatory response could be detrimental for the musculoskeletal tissue. However, accumulating evidence indicate that controlled and efficient inflammatory response is necessary for an optimal muscle recovery. Among the resident and infiltrating leukocytes that participate into the inflammatory process, macrophages play a critical role in muscle regeneration due to their ability to switch from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes depending on their microenvironment. The present review synthesizes the recent advances regarding the interactions of the different infiltrating and resident leukocytes on myogenic cell function and muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien S Dufresne
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, G1V4G2 Québec, QC, Canada - Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas A Dumont
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine. Montréal, QC, Canada - École de réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 7077 avenue du Parc Montréal, H3N 1X7 Montréal QC, Canada
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237
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The Effect of Post-Resistance Exercise Amino Acids on Plasma MCP-1 and CCR2 Expression. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070409. [PMID: 27384580 PMCID: PMC4963885 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment and infiltration of classical monocytes into damaged muscle is critical for optimal tissue remodeling. This study examined the effects of an amino acid supplement on classical monocyte recruitment following an acute bout of lower body resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men (24.7 ± 3.4 years; 90.1 ± 11.3 kg; 176.0 ± 4.9 cm) ingested supplement (SUPP) or placebo (PL) immediately post-exercise in a randomized, cross-over design. Blood samples were obtained at baseline (BL), immediately (IP), 30-min (30P), 1-h (1H), 2-h (2H), and 5-h (5H) post-exercise to assess plasma concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), myoglobin, cortisol and insulin concentrations; and expressions of C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), and macrophage-1 antigen (CD11b) on classical monocytes. Magnitude-based inferences were used to provide inferences on the true effects of SUPP compared to PL. Changes in myoglobin, cortisol, and insulin concentrations were similar between treatments. Compared to PL, plasma MCP-1 was “very likely greater” (98.1% likelihood effect) in SUPP at 2H. CCR2 expression was “likely greater” at IP (84.9% likelihood effect), “likely greater” at 1H (87.7% likelihood effect), “very likely greater” at 2H (97.0% likelihood effect), and “likely greater” at 5H (90.1% likelihood effect) in SUPP, compared to PL. Ingestion of SUPP did not influence CD11b expression. Ingestion of an amino acid supplement immediately post-exercise appears to help maintain plasma MCP-1 concentrations and augment CCR2 expression in resistance trained men.
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238
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Hassan Gaballah M, Fukuta M, Maeno Y, Seko-Nakamura Y, Monma-Ohtaki J, Shibata Y, Kato H, Aoki Y, Takamiya M. Simultaneous time course analysis of multiple markers based on DNA microarray in incised wound in skeletal muscle for wound aging. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 266:357-368. [PMID: 27376479 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of incised wound age in skeletal muscles is important because fatal injuries are often complicated with muscle involvement. Transcriptome of injured skeletal muscle along with histopathological and immunohistochemistry staining, were analyzed to explore the biological effect of incised injuries using a mouse incised injury model. An incisional wound was made at the biceps femoris muscle of anesthetized mice, and the muscles were sampled at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48h post-injury. DNA microarray analysis using RNA extracted from the muscle samples of 12h post-injury identified 3,655 upregulated and 3,583 downregulated genes. Referring to the results of the gene ontology and gene expression pathway analysis, time course expression of five cytokines, namely chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin- 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-7 (IL-7), were analyzed by quantative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). CXCL5 was the most upregulated gene throughout the post-injury period with higher expression from 6 through 36h post injury. Upregulation of CCL4 and IL-1β was also persisted until 36h post injury. IL-6 mRNA was highly and rapidly expressed at 6h post-injury followed by significant decrease at 12h. Unlike other four cytokines, IL-7 showed slow and steady increasing over time until 48h post-injury. Immunohistochemical staining of post-injury samples showed gradual mild increase of staining intensity proportional to increasing time points especially around the wound edges. The present study highlights the unique dynamics of each cytokine and reflects their roles in the process of muscle wound healing, and suggests the potential of them as a tool for forensic wound age estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hassan Gaballah
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Mamiko Fukuta
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Maeno
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University College of Bioscience and Biotechnology 1200 Matumoto-cho Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Seko-Nakamura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Monma-Ohtaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuka Shibata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Aoki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences 1 Kawasumi Mizuho-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masataka Takamiya
- Department of Legal Medicine, Iwate Medical University 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho Shiwagun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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239
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Han WM, Jang YC, García AJ. Engineered matrices for skeletal muscle satellite cell engraftment and function. Matrix Biol 2016; 60-61:96-109. [PMID: 27269735 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of traumatically injured skeletal muscles is severely limited. Moreover, the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle declines with aging, further exacerbating the problem. Recent evidence supports that delivery of muscle satellite cells to the injured muscles enhances muscle regeneration and reverses features of aging, including reduction in muscle mass and regenerative capacity. However, direct delivery of satellite cells presents a challenge at a translational level due to inflammation and donor cell death, motivating the need to develop engineered matrices for muscle satellite cell delivery. This review will highlight important aspects of satellite cell and their niche biology in the context of muscle regeneration, and examine recent progresses in the development of engineered cell delivery matrices designed for skeletal muscle regeneration. Understanding the interactions of muscle satellite cells and their niche in both native and engineered systems is crucial to developing muscle pathology-specific cell- and biomaterial-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin M Han
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young C Jang
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Carlson S, Helterline D, Asbe L, Dupras S, Minami E, Farris S, Stempien-Otero A. Cardiac macrophages adopt profibrotic/M2 phenotype in infarcted hearts: Role of urokinase plasminogen activator. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 108:42-49. [PMID: 27262672 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages (mac) that over-express urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) adopt a profibrotic M2 phenotype in the heart in association with cardiac fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that cardiac macs are M2 polarized in infarcted mouse and human hearts and that polarization is dependent on mac-derived uPA. METHODS Studies were performed using uninjured (UI) or infarcted (MI) hearts of uPA overexpressing (SR-uPA), uPA null, or nontransgenic littermate (Ntg) mice. At 7days post-infarction, cardiac mac were isolated, RNA extracted and M2 markers Arg1, YM1, and Fizz1 measured with qrtPCR. Histologic analysis for cardiac fibrosis, mac and myofibroblasts was performed at the same time-point. Cardiac macs were also isolated from Ntg hearts and RNA collected after primary isolation or culture with vehicle, IL-4 or plasmin and M2 marker expression measured. Cardiac tissue and blood was collected from humans with ischemic heart disease. Expression of M2 marker CD206 and M1 marker TNFalpha was measured. RESULTS Macs from WT mice had increased expression of Arg1 and Ym1 following MI (41.3±6.5 and 70.3±36, fold change vs UI, n=8, P<0.007). There was significant up-regulation of cardiac mac Arg1 and YM1 with MI in both WT and uPA null mice (n=4-9 per genotype and condition). Treatment with plasmin increased expression of Arg1 and YM1 in cultured cardiac macs. Histologic analysis revealed increased density of activated fibroblasts and M2 macs in SR-uPA hearts post-infarction with associated increases in fibrosis. Cardiac macs isolated from human hearts with ischemic heart disease expressed increased levels of the M2 marker CD206 in comparison to blood-derived macs (4.9±1.3). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac macs in mouse and human hearts adopt a M2 phenotype in association with fibrosis. Plasmin can induce an M2 phenotype in cardiac macs. However, M2 activation can occur in the heart in vivo in the absence of uPA indicating that alternative pathways to activate plasmin are present in the heart. Excess uPA promotes increased fibroblast density potentially via potentiating fibroblast migration or proliferation. Altering macrophage phenotype in the heart is a potential target to modify cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Carlson
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Deri Helterline
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Laura Asbe
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Sarah Dupras
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Elina Minami
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Stephen Farris
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - April Stempien-Otero
- Departments of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States; Departments of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
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241
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Ogle ME, Segar CE, Sridhar S, Botchwey EA. Monocytes and macrophages in tissue repair: Implications for immunoregenerative biomaterial design. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1084-97. [PMID: 27229903 PMCID: PMC4898192 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in tissue development, homeostasis, and injury repair. These innate immune cells participate in guiding vascular remodeling, stimulation of local stem and progenitor cells, and structural repair of tissues such as muscle and bone. Therefore, there is a great interest in harnessing this powerful endogenous cell source for therapeutic regeneration through immunoregenerative biomaterial engineering. These materials seek to harness specific subpopulations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair by influencing their recruitment, positioning, differentiation, and function within a damaged tissue. Monocyte and macrophage phenotypes span a continuum of inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory or pro-regenerative cells (M2), and their heterogeneous functions are highly dependent on microenvironmental cues within the injury niche. Increasing evidence suggests that division of labor among subpopulations of monocytes and macrophages could allow for harnessing regenerative functions over inflammatory functions of myeloid cells; however, the complex balance between necessary functions of inflammatory versus regenerative myeloid cells remains to be fully elucidated. Historically, biomaterial-based therapies for promoting tissue regeneration were designed to minimize the host inflammatory response; although, recent appreciation for the roles that innate immune cells play in tissue repair and material integration has shifted this paradigm. A number of opportunities exist to exploit known signaling systems of specific populations of monocytes/macrophages to promote repair and to better understand the biological and pathological roles of myeloid cells. This review seeks to outline the characteristics of distinct populations of monocytes and macrophages, identify the role of these cells within diverse tissue injury niches, and offer design criteria for immunoregenerative biomaterials given the intrinsic inflammatory response to their implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Ogle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Claire E Segar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Sraeyes Sridhar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Edward A Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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242
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Capote J, Kramerova I, Martinez L, Vetrone S, Barton ER, Sweeney HL, Miceli MC, Spencer MJ. Osteopontin ablation ameliorates muscular dystrophy by shifting macrophages to a pro-regenerative phenotype. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:275-88. [PMID: 27091452 PMCID: PMC5084275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the degenerative disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammatory cells enter muscles in response to repetitive muscle damage. Immune factors are required for muscle regeneration, but chronic inflammation creates a profibrotic milieu that exacerbates disease progression. Osteopontin (OPN) is an immunomodulator highly expressed in dystrophic muscles. Ablation of OPN correlates with reduced fibrosis and improved muscle strength as well as reduced natural killer T (NKT) cell counts. Here, we demonstrate that the improved dystrophic phenotype observed with OPN ablation does not result from reductions in NKT cells. OPN ablation skews macrophage polarization toward a pro-regenerative phenotype by reducing M1 and M2a and increasing M2c subsets. These changes are associated with increased expression of pro-regenerative factors insulin-like growth factor 1, leukemia inhibitory factor, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Furthermore, altered macrophage polarization correlated with increases in muscle weight and muscle fiber diameter, resulting in long-term improvements in muscle strength and function in mdx mice. These findings suggest that OPN ablation promotes muscle repair via macrophage secretion of pro-myogenic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Capote
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental PhD Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Irina Kramerova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Leonel Martinez
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sylvia Vetrone
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M Carrie Miceli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Melissa J Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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243
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Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF, Sincennes MC, Rudnicki MA. Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1027-59. [PMID: 26140708 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Dumont
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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244
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Wynn TA, Vannella KM. Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis. Immunity 2016; 44:450-462. [PMID: 26982353 PMCID: PMC4794754 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2488] [Impact Index Per Article: 311.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. After tissue injury, monocytes and macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes to play critical roles during the initiation, maintenance, and resolution phases of tissue repair. Disturbances in macrophage function can lead to aberrant repair, such that uncontrolled production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, deficient generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages, or failed communication between macrophages and epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem or tissue progenitor cells all contribute to a state of persistent injury, and this could lead to the development of pathological fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that instruct macrophages to adopt pro-inflammatory, pro-wound-healing, pro-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-resolving, and tissue-regenerating phenotypes after injury, and we highlight how some of these mechanisms and macrophage activation states could be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wynn
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kevin M Vannella
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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245
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Mackey AL, Rasmussen LK, Kadi F, Schjerling P, Helmark IC, Ponsot E, Aagaard P, Durigan JLQ, Kjaer M. Activation of satellite cells and the regeneration of human skeletal muscle are expedited by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. FASEB J 2016; 30:2266-81. [PMID: 26936358 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With this study we investigated the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in human skeletal muscle regeneration. Young men ingested NSAID [1200 mg/d ibuprofen (IBU)] or placebo (PLA) daily for 2 wk before and 4 wk after an electrical stimulation-induced injury to the leg extensor muscles of one leg. Muscle biopsies were collected from the vastus lateralis muscles before and after stimulation (2.5 h and 2, 7, and 30 d) and were assessed for satellite cells and regeneration by immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR, and we also measured telomere length. After injury, and compared with PLA, IBU was found to augment the proportion of ActiveNotch1(+) satellite cells at 2 d [IBU, 29 ± 3% vs. PLA, 19 ± 2% (means ± sem)], satellite cell content at 7 d [IBU, 0.16 ± 0.01 vs. PLA, 0.12 ± 0.01 (Pax7(+) cells/fiber)], and to expedite muscle repair at 30 d. The PLA group displayed a greater proportion of embryonic myosin(+) fibers and a residual ∼2-fold increase in mRNA levels of matrix proteins (all P < 0.05). Endomysial collagen was also elevated with PLA at 30 d. Minimum telomere length shortening was not observed. In conclusion, ingestion of NSAID has a potentiating effect on Notch activation of satellite cells and muscle remodeling during large-scale regeneration of injured human skeletal muscle.-Mackey, A. L., Rasmussen, L. K., Kadi, F., Schjerling, P., Helmark, I. C., Ponsot, E., Aagaard, P., Durigan, J. L. Q., Kjaer, M. Activation of satellite cells and the regeneration of human skeletal muscle are expedited by ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lotte K Rasmussen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida C Helmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elodie Ponsot
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | | | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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246
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Domingues-Faria C, Vasson MP, Goncalves-Mendes N, Boirie Y, Walrand S. Skeletal muscle regeneration and impact of aging and nutrition. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:22-36. [PMID: 26690801 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
After skeletal muscle injury a regeneration process takes place to repair muscle. Skeletal muscle recovery is a highly coordinated process involving cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. It is well known that the physiological activities of both immune cells and muscle stem cells decline with advancing age, thereby blunting the capacity of skeletal muscle to regenerate. The age-related reduction in muscle repair efficiency contributes to the development of sarcopenia, one of the most important factors of disability in elderly people. Preserving muscle regeneration capacity may slow the development of this syndrome. In this context, nutrition has drawn much attention: studies have demonstrated that nutrients such as amino acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamin D can improve skeletal muscle regeneration by targeting key functions of immune cells, muscle cells or both. Here we review the process of skeletal muscle regeneration with a special focus on the cross-talk between immune and muscle cells. We address the effect of aging on immune and skeletal muscle cells involved in muscle regeneration. Finally, the mechanisms of nutrient action on muscle regeneration are described, showing that quality of nutrition may help to preserve the capacity for skeletal muscle regeneration with age.
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247
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Contreras O, Rebolledo DL, Oyarzún JE, Olguín HC, Brandan E. Connective tissue cells expressing fibro/adipogenic progenitor markers increase under chronic damage: relevance in fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and skeletal muscle fibrosis. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 364:647-660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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248
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The Development of Macrophage-Mediated Cell Therapy to Improve Skeletal Muscle Function after Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145550. [PMID: 26717325 PMCID: PMC4696731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration following acute injury is a multi-step process involving complex changes in tissue microenvironment. Macrophages (MPs) are one of the key cell types involved in orchestration and modulation of the repair process. Multiple studies highlight the essential role of MPs in the control of the myogenic program and inflammatory response during skeletal muscle regeneration. A variety of MP phenotypes have been identified and characterized in vitro as well as in vivo. As such, MPs hold great promise for cell-based therapies in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study we used bone-marrow derived in vitro LPS/IFN-y-induced M1 MPs to enhance functional muscle recovery after tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury (TK-I/R). We detected a 15% improvement in specific tension and force normalized to mass after M1 (LPS/IFN-γ) MP transplantation 24 hours post-reperfusion. Interestingly, we found that M0 bone marrow-derived unpolarized MPs significantly impaired muscle function highlighting the complexity of temporally coordinated skeletal muscle regenerative program. Furthermore, we show that delivery of M1 (LPS/IFN-γ) MPs early in regeneration accelerates myofiber repair, decreases fibrotic tissue deposition and increases whole muscle IGF-I expression.
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249
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Strömberg A, Olsson K, Dijksterhuis JP, Rullman E, Schulte G, Gustafsson T. CX3CL1--a macrophage chemoattractant induced by a single bout of exercise in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R297-304. [PMID: 26632602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00236.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages (MOs/MΦs) are suggested to be crucial for skeletal muscle repair and remodeling. This has been attributed to their proangiogenic potential, secretion of growth factors, and clearance of tissue debris. Skeletal muscle injury increases the number of MΦs in the tissue, and their importance for muscle regeneration has been supported by studies demonstrating that depletion of MOs/MΦs greatly impairs repair after muscle injury. Whether noninjurious exercise leads to induced expression of chemoattractants for MOs/MΦs is poorly investigated. To this end, we analyzed the expression of CX3CL1 (fractalkine), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CCL22 (MDC) in human skeletal muscle after a bout of exercise, all of which are established MO/MΦ chemotactic factors that are expressed by human myoblasts. Muscle biopsies from the musculus vastus lateralis were obtained up to 24 h after 1 h of cycle exercise in healthy individuals and in age-matched nonexercised controls. CX3CL1 increased at both the mRNA and protein level in human skeletal muscle after one bout of exercise. It was not possible to distinguish changes in CCL2 or CCL22 mRNA levels between biopsy vs. exercise effects, and the expression of CCL22 was very low. CX3CL1 mainly localized to the skeletal muscle endothelium, and it increased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with tissue fluid from exercised muscle. CX3CL1 increased the expression of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors in THP-1 monocytes (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) and in human primary myoblasts and myotubes. Altogether, this suggests that CX3CL1 participates in cross-talk mechanisms between endothelium and other muscle tissue cells and may promote a shift in the microenvironment toward a more regenerative milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Strömberg
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Karl Olsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jacomijn P Dijksterhuis
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Gunnar Schulte
- Section of Receptor Biology and Signaling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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250
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Minari ALA, Oyama LM, Dos Santos RVT. Downhill exercise-induced changes in gene expression related with macrophage polarization and myogenic cells in the triceps long head of rats. Inflammation 2015; 38:209-17. [PMID: 25249340 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most heterogenic immune cells involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. After skeletal muscle damage, M1 phenotypes exhibit pro-inflammatory reaction. In a later stage, they are converted to M2 phenotypes with anti-inflammatory properties. To study when gene expressions of macrophage polarization are changed after damage induced by downhill exercise to exhaustion is the objective of this paper. Before (CTRL) and 0 h (G0), 24 h (G24), 48 h (G48) and 72 h (G72) after 18 bouts of downhill exercise, the animals were euthanised, and the triceps were dissected. We measured gene expression of macrophages (CD68 and CD163), myogenic cells (MyoD and myogenin) and quantified cytokine secretion (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)). The CD68 expression was lower in G72 compared with G24 (P = 0.005) while CD163 was higher in G48 compared with G24 (P = 0.04). The MyoD expression was higher in G72 compared with G0 (P = 0.04). The myogenin expression was lower in G24 compared with CTRL (P = 0.01) and restored in G72 compared with G24 (P = 0.007). The TNF-α was significantly higher at all times after 24 h (all compared with CTRL, with P = 0.03). The CD68 and CD163 expressions behaved distinctly after exercise, which indicates macrophage polarization between 24 and 48 h. The distinct expression of myogenin, concomitantly with MyoD elevation in G72, indicates that myogenic cell differentiation and the significant change of TNF-α level show an important role of this cytokine in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis Araujo Minari
- Departamento de Biociências, Campus da Baixada Santista, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Silva Jardim, 136,Vila Mathias, Santos/SP-CEP, 11015-020, Brazil
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