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Hudnall AM, Arthur JW, Lowery JW. Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β Signaling Pathways. J Osteopath Med 2017; 116:452-61. [PMID: 27367950 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2016.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes. Dysfunction in the regulation or activity of this superfamily's components underlies numerous human diseases and developmental defects. There are 2 distinct arms downstream of the TGF-β superfamily ligands-the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin/TGF-β signaling pathways-and these 2 responses can oppose one another's effects, most notably in disease states. However, studies have commonly focused on a single arm of the TGF-β superfamily, and the antagonism between these pathways is unknown in most physiologic and pathologic contexts. In this review, the authors summarize the clinically relevant scenarios in which the BMP and activin/TGF-β pathways reportedly oppose one another and identify several molecular mechanisms proposed to mediate this interaction. Particular attention is paid to experimental findings that may be informative to human pathology to highlight potential therapeutic approaches for future investigation.
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202
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Raju GT, Lakkakula BVKS, Murthy J, Kannan MA, Paul SFD. Transmission analysis of TGFB1 gene polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 100:14-17. [PMID: 28802359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) plays a significant role in craniofacial development. Previous linkage studies reported that the TGF-β1-locus at 19q13.1 harbour predisposing genes for non-syndromic oral clefts. In the present study case parents triads were evaluated to find the transmission effects of genetic variants in TGF- β1 towards non-syndromic cleft lip or palate (NSCL/P). METHODS Using allelic discrimination method148 families (case-parent triads) were assessed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TGF-β1 gene. The SNPs were checked for mendelian errors and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Transmission disequilibrium test and haplotype frequencies were estimated. RESULTS The TGF-β1 SNPs showed very low minor allele frequencies (MAFs) and observed heterozygosity (Hobs). The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and parent-of-origin likelihood ratio tests (PO-LRT) were not significant for any of the SNPs tested. Strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.722) was found between rs1800469 and rs1800470 SNPs. Haplotype analysis ignoring parent of origin showed strong evidence of excess transmission but it is not significant (p-value = 0.293). CONCLUSION Transmission of minor alleles were not observed from either parent indicating that the TGF-β1 gene polymorphisms by themselves do not confer risk for non-syndromic oral clefts but, rather, modify the stability and the activation process of TGF-β1. As the number of families included in the study are less, results must be considered still preliminary and require replication using more families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginila T Raju
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - Bhaskar V K S Lakkakula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India; Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, Raipur, India
| | - Jyotsna Murthy
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Solomon F D Paul
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India.
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203
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Shimizu Y, Amano H, Ito Y, Betto T, Yamane S, Inoue T, Nishizawa N, Matsui Y, Kamata M, Nakamura M, Kitasato H, Koizumi W, Majima M. Angiotensin II subtype 1a receptor signaling in resident hepatic macrophages induces liver metastasis formation. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1757-1768. [PMID: 28660748 PMCID: PMC5581524 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) are a clinically significant problem. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in tumor growth and metastases. This study was designed to evaluate the role of angiotensin II subtype receptor 1a (AT1a) in the formation of liver metastasis in CRC. A model of liver metastasis was developed by intrasplenic injection of mouse colon cancer (CMT-93) into AT1a knockout mice (AT1aKO) and wild-type (C57BL/6) mice (WT). Compared with WT mice, the liver weight and liver metastatic rate were significantly lower in AT1aKO. The mRNA levels of CD31, transforming growth factor- β1 (TGF-β1), and F4/80 were suppressed in AT1aKO compared with WT. Double immunofluorescence analysis showed that the number of accumulated F4/80+ cells expressing TGF-β1 in metastatic areas was higher in WT than in AT1aKO. The AT1aKO bone marrow (BM) (AT1aKO-BM)→WT showed suppressed formation of liver metastasis compared with WT-BM→WT. However, the formation of metastasis was further suppressed in WT-BM→AT1aKO compared with AT1aKO-BM→WT. In addition, accumulated F4/80+ cells in the liver metastasis were not BM-derived F4/80+ cells, but mainly resident hepatic F4/80+ cells, and these resident hepatic F4/80+ cells were positive for TGF-β1. Angiotensin II enhanced TGF-β1 expression in Kupffer cells. Treatment of WT with clodronate liposomes suppressed liver metastasis by diminishing TGF-β1+ F4/80+ cells accumulation. The formation of liver metastasis correlated with collagen deposition in the metastatic area, which was dependent on AT1a signaling. These results suggested that resident hepatic macrophages induced liver metastasis formation by induction of TGF-β1 through AT1a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Department of GastroenteologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Hideki Amano
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Betto
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Department of GastroenteologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Sakiko Yamane
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Department of GastroenteologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Inoue
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Department of GastroenteologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Department of SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Yoshio Matsui
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Mariko Kamata
- Department of NephrologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of MicrobiologyKitasato University School of Allied Health SciencesKanagawaJapan
| | - Hidero Kitasato
- Department of MicrobiologyKitasato University School of Allied Health SciencesKanagawaJapan
| | - Wasaburo Koizumi
- Department of GastroenteologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of PharmacologyKitasato University School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
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204
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Slattery ML, Trivellas A, Pellatt AJ, Mullany LE, Stevens JR, Wolff RK, Herrick JS. Genetic variants in the TGFβ-signaling pathway influence expression of miRNAs in colon and rectal normal mucosa and tumor tissue. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16765-16783. [PMID: 28061442 PMCID: PMC5370000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway is involved in regulation of cell growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in the TGF-β signaling pathway alters miRNA expression.We use data from 1188 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate associations between 80 SNPs in 21 genes.Seven variants eIF4E rs12498533, NFκB1 rs230510, TGFB1 rs4803455, TGFBR1 rs1571590 and rs6478974, SMAD3 rs3743343, and RUNX1 rs8134179 were associated with expression level of miRNAs in normal colorectal mucosa. RUNX2 rs12333172 and BMPR1B rs13134042 were associated with miRNAs in normal colon mucosa; eIF4EBP3 rs250425, SMAD3 rs12904944, SMAD7 rs3736242, and PTEN rs532678 were associated with miRNA expression in normal rectal mucosa. Evaluation of the differential expression between carcinoma and normal mucosa showed that SMAD3 rs12708491 and rs2414937, NFκB1 rs230510 and rs3821958, and RUNX3 rs6672420 were associated with several miRNAs for colorectal carcinoma. Evaluation of site-specific differential miRNA expression showed that BMPR1B rs2120834, BMPR2 rs2228545, and eIF4EBP3 rs250425 were associated with differential miRNA expression in colon tissue and SMAD3 rs12901071, rs1498506, and rs2414937, BMPR2 rs2228545, and RUNX2 rs2819854, altered differential miRNA expression in rectal tissue.These data support the importance of the TGF-β signaling pathway to the carcinogenic process, possibly through their influence on miRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Slattery
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Lila E Mullany
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - John R Stevens
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Roger K Wolff
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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205
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Genomic correlates of glatiramer acetate adverse cardiovascular effects lead to a novel locus mediating coronary risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182999. [PMID: 28829817 PMCID: PMC5567477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glatiramer acetate is used therapeutically in multiple sclerosis but also known for adverse effects including elevated coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular side effects of the medication are unclear. Here, we made use of the chromosomal variation in the genes that are known to be affected by glatiramer treatment. Focusing on genes and gene products reported by drug-gene interaction database to interact with glatiramer acetate we explored a large meta-analysis on CAD genome-wide association studies aiming firstly, to investigate whether variants in these genes also affect cardiovascular risk and secondly, to identify new CAD risk genes. We traced association signals in a 200-kb region around genomic positions of genes interacting with glatiramer in up to 60 801 CAD cases and 123 504 controls. We validated the identified association in additional 21 934 CAD cases and 76 087 controls. We identified three new CAD risk alleles within the TGFB1 region on chromosome 19 that independently affect CAD risk. The lead SNP rs12459996 was genome-wide significantly associated with CAD in the extended meta-analysis (odds ratio 1.09, p = 1.58×10−12). The other two SNPs at the locus were not in linkage disequilibrium with the lead SNP and by a conditional analysis showed p-values of 4.05 × 10−10 and 2.21 × 10−6. Thus, studying genes reported to interact with glatiramer acetate we identified genetic variants that concordantly with the drug increase the risk of CAD. Of these, TGFB1 displayed signal for association. Indeed, the gene has been associated with CAD previously in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Here we establish genome-wide significant association with CAD in large human samples.
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206
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IRS4, a novel modulator of BMP/Smad and Akt signalling during early muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8778. [PMID: 28821740 PMCID: PMC5562708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaborate regulatory networks of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathways ensure precise signalling outcome during cell differentiation and tissue homeostasis. Here, we identified IRS4 as a novel regulator of BMP signal transduction and provide molecular insights how it integrates into the signalling pathway. We found that IRS4 interacts with the BMP receptor BMPRII and specifically targets Smad1 for proteasomal degradation consequently leading to repressed BMP/Smad signalling in C2C12 myoblasts while concomitantly activating the PI3K/Akt axis. IRS4 is present in human and primary mouse myoblasts, the expression increases during myogenic differentiation but is downregulated upon final commitment coinciding with Myogenin expression. Functionally, IRS4 promotes myogenesis in C2C12 cells, while IRS4 knockdown inhibits differentiation of myoblasts. We propose that IRS4 is particularly critical in the myoblast stage to serve as a molecular switch between BMP/Smad and Akt signalling and to thereby control cell commitment. These findings provide profound understanding of the role of BMP signalling in early myogenic differentiation and open new ways for targeting the BMP pathway in muscle regeneration.
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207
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Kim KH, Han JW, Jung SK, Park BJ, Han CW, Joo M. Kaurenoic acid activates TGF-β signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 32:8-14. [PMID: 28732811 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid: KA) is a key constituent found in the roots of Aralia continentalis Kitagawa (Araliaceae) that has been used for treating rheumatism in traditional Asian medicine. HYPOTHESIS Although KA was reported to suppress inflammation by activating Nrf2, the anti-inflammatory function of KA is less characterized. Given the complex nature of the inflammatory response and the critical role of TGF-β in resolving inflammation, we hypothesized that KA suppresses inflammatory response by activating TGF-β signaling. METHODS Murine macrophage RAW 264.7, human lung epithelial cell MRC-5, and a TGFβRII defective cell HCT116 were treated with various amounts of KA. KA was also administered to mouse lung via intratracheal (i.t.) route. Phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 were analyzed by western blot. TGFβ-dependent gene expression was determined by immunoblotting of α-SMA and luciferase assay. RESULTS KA induced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, key activator molecules in TGF-β signaling. EW7197, an inhibitor for activin receptor-like kinase 5/TGF-β receptor I (TGFβR1) suppressed KA-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2. Similarly, KA failed to phosphorylate Smad2 in HCT116, suggesting that KA acts through the prototypic TGFβR. KA treatment increased the transcriptional activity driven by a Smad-binding element in a luciferase reporter assay and induced the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Similarly, i.t. KA induced the phosphorylation of Smad2 and increased the expression ofα-SMA in mouse lungs. CONCLUSION KA activated TGF-β signaling, suggesting that TGFβ signaling is associated with KA suppressing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun Ha Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Han
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ki Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Woo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea.
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208
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Gao Y, Lin P, Lydon JP, Li Q. Conditional abrogation of transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 in PTEN-inactivated endometrium promotes endometrial cancer progression in mice. J Pathol 2017; 243:89-99. [PMID: 28657664 DOI: 10.1002/path.4930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although a putative role for transforming growth factor-β (TGFB) signalling in the pathogenesis of human endometrial cancer has long been proposed, the precise function of TGFB signalling in the development and progression of endometrial cancer remains elusive. Depletion of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in the mouse uterus causes endometrial cancer. To identify the potential role of TGFB signalling in endometrial cancer, we simultaneously deleted TGFB receptor 1 (Tgfbr1) and Pten in the mouse uterus by using Cre-recombinase driven by the progesterone receptor (termed Ptend/d ;Tgfbr1d/d ). We found that Ptend/d ;Tgfbr1d/d mice developed severe endometrial lesions that progressed more rapidly than those resulting from conditional deletion of Pten alone, suggesting that TGFB signalling synergizes with PTEN to suppress endometrial cancer progression. Remarkably, Ptend/d ;Tgfbr1d/d mice developed distant pulmonary metastases, leading to a significantly reduced lifespan. The development of metastasis and accelerated tumour progression in Ptend/d ;Tgfbr1d/d mice are associated with increased production of proinflammatory chemokines, enhanced cancer cell motility, as shown by myometrial invasion and disruption, and an altered tumour microenvironment characterized by recruitment of tumour-associated macrophages. Thus, conditional deletion of Tgfbr1 in PTEN-inactivated endometrium leads to a disease that recapitulates invasive and lethal human endometrial cancer. This mouse model may be valuable for preclinical testing of new cancer therapies, particularly those targeting metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer and a major cause of death in endometrial cancer patients. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qinglei Li
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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209
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Conditioned Medium from Malignant Breast Cancer Cells Induces an EMT-Like Phenotype and an Altered N-Glycan Profile in Normal Epithelial MCF10A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081528. [PMID: 28763000 PMCID: PMC5577993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in cancer development and progression. Communication (crosstalk) between cancer cells and normal (nonmalignant) cells may facilitate cancer progression. Conditioned medium (CM) obtained from cultured cancer cells contains secreted factors capable of affecting phenotypes and the behaviors of normal cells. In this study, a culture of normal breast epithelial MCF10A cells with CM from malignant breast cancer cells (termed 231-CM and 453-CM) resulted in an alteration of morphology. CM-treated MCF10A, in comparison with control cells, showed a reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, increased expression of the mesenchymal markers fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and TWIST1, meanwhile cell proliferation and migration were enhanced while cell apoptosis was decreased. N-glycan profiles of 231-CM-treated and control MCF10A cells were compared by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) and a lectin microarray analysis. The treated cells showed lower levels of high-mannose-type N-glycan structures, and higher levels of complex-type and hybrid-type structures. Altered N-glycan profiles were also detected in 453-CM-treated and non-treated MCF10A cells by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS, and we found that the expression of five fucosylated N-glycan structures (m/z 1406.663, 1590.471, 1668.782, 2421.141, and 2988.342) and one high-mannose structure m/z 1743.722 have the same pattern as 231-CM-treated MCF10A cells. Our findings, taken together, show that CM derived from breast cancer cells induced an EMT-like process in normal epithelial cells and altered their N-glycan profile.
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210
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Rubio-Perez C, Guney E, Aguilar D, Piñero J, Garcia-Garcia J, Iadarola B, Sanz F, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Furlong LI, Oliva B. Genetic and functional characterization of disease associations explains comorbidity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6207. [PMID: 28740175 PMCID: PMC5524755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding relationships between diseases, such as comorbidities, has important socio-economic implications, ranging from clinical study design to health care planning. Most studies characterize disease comorbidity using shared genetic origins, ignoring pathway-based commonalities between diseases. In this study, we define the disease pathways using an interactome-based extension of known disease-genes and introduce several measures of functional overlap. The analysis reveals 206 significant links among 94 diseases, giving rise to a highly clustered disease association network. We observe that around 95% of the links in the disease network, though not identified by genetic overlap, are discovered by functional overlap. This disease network portraits rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, pulmonary diseases and Crohn's disease as hubs and thus pointing to common inflammatory processes underlying disease pathophysiology. We identify several described associations such as the inverse comorbidity relationship between Alzheimer's disease and neoplasms. Furthermore, we investigate the disruptions in protein interactions by mapping mutations onto the domains involved in the interaction, suggesting hypotheses on the causal link between diseases. Finally, we provide several proof-of-principle examples in which we model the effect of the mutation and the change of the association strength, which could explain the observed comorbidity between diseases caused by the same genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Rubio-Perez
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Structural Bioinformatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emre Guney
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Complex Network Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Aguilar
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Janet Piñero
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Javier Garcia-Garcia
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Barbara Iadarola
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ferran Sanz
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Narcís Fernandez-Fuentes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EB, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura I Furlong
- Integrative Biomedical Informatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Baldo Oliva
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, GRIB, IMIM, Department of Experimental and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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211
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Wu L. Functional characteristics of a novel SMAD4 mutation from thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). Gene 2017; 628:129-133. [PMID: 28716708 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SMAD4 is as an essential mediator of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, and dysregulated TGF-β signaling is linked with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). In this study, we functionally characterized the Smad4 S271N mutation (the mutation c. 812G>A in Smad4 results in the amino acid substitution Ser271Asn) that was isolated from TAA individuals. We first constructed wild-type human Smad4 and Smad4 S271N plasmids. These constructs were then transiently transfected into HEK293T cells, and subsequent real-time PCR and western blotting demonstrated that wild-type Smad4 and Smad4 S271N were successfully expressed in 293T cells. We found that HEK293T cells overexpressing Smad4 S271N showed a strong increase in both cytoplasmic and nuclear Smad4 protein levels in response to TGF-β1. Although TGF-β signaling was the same in wild-type Smad4- and Smad4 S271N-transfected cells following TGF-β1 exposure, interestingly, we observed that transient Smad4 S271N expression in HEK293T cells caused a significant basal activation of TGF-β signaling. These results indicated that Smad4 may not directly induce TAA; rather it may contribute to TAA in combination with other risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Wu
- Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian S Rd, Taiyuan, Shanxi 30001, China.
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212
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Xu C, Lu G, Li Q, Zhang J, Huang Z, Gao X. Selenium modulates MMP2 expression through the TGFβ1/Smad signalling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and rabbits following lipid disturbance. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 42:59-67. [PMID: 28595793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat diet is a major risk factor for coronary heart diseases. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression is changed in many cardiovascular diseases. Selenium, which is an important trace element in animals, has a close relationship with cardiovascular diseases. The TGFβ1/Smad signalling pathway is ubiquitous in diverse tissues and cells, and it is also associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine selenium's effect on lipid metabolism, atherosclerotic plaque formation, and MMP2 expression, as well as the underlying functional mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo tests: 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: regular diet, high-fat diet, high-fat diet+selenium and regular diet+selenium groups. The high-fat diet induced the lipid disturbances of rabbits at week 12. Selenium supplementation lowered total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels (p<0.01). Selenium supplementation also suppressed MMP2 over-expression in thoracic aortas. In vitro tests: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of selenium or ox-LDL. Ox-LDL promoted MMP2 expression by increasing TGFβ1, pSmad2, pSmad3 and Smad3 expression (p<0.01). Selenium attenuated MMP2 over-expression by regulating the TGFβ1/Smad signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Selenium suppressed high-fat diet-induced MMP2 over-expression in vivo by improving lipid metabolism. In vitro, selenium attenuated MMP2 over-expression through the TGFβ1/Smad signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggui Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qinglang Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Juhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiuren Gao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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213
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Szychlinska MA, Stoddart MJ, D'Amora U, Ambrosio L, Alini M, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Regeneration Approach and Cell Senescence: Can We Manipulate Cell Aging and Function? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:529-539. [PMID: 28514935 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor triggering several degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Due to its poor self-healing capacity, once injured cartilage needs to be reestablished. This process might be approached through resorting to cell-based therapies and/or tissue engineering. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising approach due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. Presently, in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs is limited by two main reasons as follows: aging of MSCs, which determines the loss of cell proliferative and differentiation capacity and MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation, which limits the use of these cells in cartilage tissue regeneration approach. The effect of aging on MSCs is fundamental for stem cell-based therapy development, especially in older subjects. In the present review we focus on homeostasis alterations occurring in MSC-derived chondrocytes during in vitro aging. Moreover, we deal with potential cell aging regulation approaches, such as cell stimulation through telomerase activators, mechanical strain, and epigenetic regulation. Future investigations in this field might provide new insights into innovative strategies for cartilage regeneration and potentially inspire novel therapeutic approaches for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Szychlinska
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Ugo D'Amora
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- 3 Institute of Polymers , Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy .,4 Department of Chemical Science and Materials Technology, National Research Council of Italy , Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Alini
- 2 Musculoskeletal Regeneration, AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- 1 Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy .,5 Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries , UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland
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214
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Collado MS, Cole BK, Figler RA, Lawson M, Manka D, Simmers MB, Hoang S, Serrano F, Blackman BR, Sinha S, Wamhoff BR. Exposure of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Coculture to Hemodynamics Induces Primary Vascular Cell-Like Phenotypes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017. [PMID: 28628273 PMCID: PMC5689791 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into vascular endothelial (iEC) and smooth muscle (iSMC) cells. However, because iECs and iSMCs are not derived from an intact blood vessel, they represent an immature phenotype. Hemodynamics and heterotypic cell:cell communication play important roles in vascular cell phenotypic modulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that hemodynamic exposure of iECs in coculture with iSMCs induces an in vivo‐like phenotype. iECs and iSMCs were cocultured under vascular region‐specific blood flow hemodynamics, and compared to hemodynamic cocultures of blood vessel‐derived endothelial (pEC) and smooth muscle (pSMC) cells. Hemodynamic flow‐induced gene expression positively correlated between pECs and iECs as well as pSMCs and iSMCs. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 protein was lower in iECs than pECs, iECs were functionally mature as seen by acetylated‐low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. SMC contractile protein markers were also positively correlated between pSMCs and iSMCs. Exposure of iECs and pECs to atheroprone hemodynamics with oxidized‐LDL induced an inflammatory response in both. Dysfunction of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway is seen in several vascular diseases, and iECs and iSMCs exhibited a transcriptomic prolife similar to pECs and pSMCs, respectively, in their responses to LY2109761‐mediated transforming growth factor β receptor I/II (TGFβRI/II) inhibition. Although there are differences between ECs and SMCs derived from iPSCs versus blood vessels, hemodynamic coculture restores a high degree of similarity in their responses to pathological stimuli associated with vascular diseases. Thus, iPSC‐derived vascular cells exposed to hemodynamics may provide a viable system for modeling rare vascular diseases and testing new therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1673–1683
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Lawson
- HemoShear Therapeutics, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David Manka
- HemoShear Therapeutics, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Steve Hoang
- HemoShear Therapeutics, LLC, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Felipe Serrano
- Department of Medicine and WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sanjay Sinha
- Department of Medicine and WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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215
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Matsudate Y, Naruto T, Hayashi Y, Minami M, Tohyama M, Yokota K, Yamada D, Imoto I, Kubo Y. Targeted exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray for the molecular diagnosis of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 86:206-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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216
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Abstract
Hypertrophic scar and contracture in burn patients is a complex process. Contributing factors include critical injury depth and activation of key cell subpopulations, including deep dermal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and T-helper cells, which cause scarring rather than regeneration. These cells influence each other via cellular profibrotic and antifibrotic signals, which help to determine the outcome. These cells also both modify and interact with extracellular matrix of the wound, ultimately forming hypertrophic scar. Current treatments reduce hypertrophic scar formation or improve remodeling by targeting these pathways and signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Kwan
- 2A Plastic Surgery, Kaye Edmonton Clinic, University of Alberta, 11400 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z1, Canada
| | - Edward E Tredget
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2D2.28 WMHSC, 8440-112 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
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217
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Lu J, Liu Q, Wang L, Tu W, Chu H, Ding W, Jiang S, Ma Y, Shi X, Pu W, Zhou X, Jin L, Wang J, Wu W. Increased expression of latent TGF-β-binding protein 4 affects the fibrotic process in scleroderma by TGF-β/SMAD signaling. J Transl Med 2017; 97:591-601. [PMID: 28263294 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma is a fibrosis-related disorder characterized by cutaneous and internal organ fibrosis, and excessive collagen deposition in extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major cause of fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling has a central role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis by inducing abnormal collagen accumulation in ECM, and latent TGF-β-binding protein 4 (LTBP-4) affects the secretion of latent TGF-β to ECM. A previous study indicated that bleomycin (BLM) treatment increased LTBP-4 expression in lung fibroblasts of Thy-1 knockout mice with lung fibrosis, and LTBP-4 further promoted TGF-β bioavailability as well as SMAD3 phosphorylation. However, the expression and function of LTBP-4 in human scleroderma remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the potential role of LTBP-4 in scleroderma through clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies. LTBP-4 and TGF-β expressions were significantly upregulated in systemic scleroderma (SSc) patients' plasma compared with normal controls (LTBP-4, 1,215±100.2 vs 542.8±41.7 ng/ml, P<0.0001; TGF-β, 1.5±0.2 vs 0.7±0.1 ng/ml, P=0.0031), while no significant difference was found between localized scleroderma (LSc) and normal controls. The plasma concentrations of LTBP-4 and TGF-β were even higher in SSc patients with lung fibrosis (LTBP-4, 1462± 137.3 vs 892.8±113.4 ng/ml, P=0.0037; TGF-β, 2.0±0.4 vs 0.9±0.2 ng/ml, P=0.0212) and esophagus involvement (1390±134.4 vs 940.7±127.0 ng/ml, P=0.0269; TGF-β, 1.9±0.3 vs 0.9±0.2 ng/ml, P=0.0426). The area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of LTBP-4 was 0.86. Immunohistochemistry measurement also demonstrated a higher LTBP-4 expression in sclerotic skin tissue of LSc and SSc compared with normal controls. More positive fibroblasts were also found in BLM-induced scleroderma mouse model than the saline-treated group. In in vitro studies, knockdown of LTBP-4 in SSc skin fibroblasts prominently reduced downstream COL1A1, COL1A2, and COL3A1 mRNA level by 84%, 82%, and 43%, respectively, and other fibrosis-related genes' expression were also decreased. Furthermore, extracellular TGF-β level and the SMAD2/3 phosphorylation were inhibited through LTBP-4 knockdown treatment, suggesting that the knockdown of LTBP-4 reduced the collagen expression through TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that LTBP-4 affects fibrotic process in scleroderma, and the high expression of LTBP-4 in SSc plasma may serve as a clinical biomarker in diagnosing this disease. In addition, this study also lays the theoretical foundation for targeting LTBP-4 as treatment of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Tu
- Division of Rheumatology, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weilin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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218
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Khosrowpour Z, Hashemi SM, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Soudi S. Pretreatment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells WithLeishmania majorSoluble Antigens Induce Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2764-2779. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khosrowpour
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of Biotechnology; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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219
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Zhang H, Liu Y, Weng J, Usuda K, Fujii K, Watanabe G, Nagaoka K. Decrease of lactogenic hormones induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGFβ1 and arachidonic acid during mammary gland involution. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:325-332. [PMID: 28381667 PMCID: PMC5481636 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammary gland involution, the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays an important role in tissue remodelling and in the termination of milk production. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) has been known as a central inducer to EMT and contributor to the mammary gland involution. However, the whole mechanism has accomplished the EMT process in mammary gland is still unclear. Here, we show that arachidonic acid, one of the major products in milk, is new player to control the EMT together with TGFβ during mammary gland involution. Firstly, we observed decrease in CDH1 (epithelial marker gene) expression and increases in VIM and TWIST1 (mesenchymal marker genes), TGFB1, and PLCG2 (arachidonic acid synthesis gene) at involution. In epithelial cells culture experiments, depletion of lactogenic hormones to mimic the involution induced TGFβ1 and PLCG2 expressions. Treatment with arachidonic acid in epithelial cells increased VIM and TWIST1 expressions without decrease of CDH1 expression, while TGFβ1 decreased CDH1 and increased VIM and TWIST1; more importantly, TGFβ1 induced the expression of PLCG2, but arachidonic acid did not induce the expression of TGFB1. Finally, arachidonic acid accelerated the TGFβ1 increasing VIM and TWIST1 expressions, meanwhile arachidonic acid synthase inhibitor partially blocked the TGFβ1 increasing VIM and TWIST1 expressions. In conclusion, TGFβ1 stimulates arachidonic acid synthesis and the arachidonic acid has a function to postulate the EMT process together with TGFβ1 during mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhang
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuning Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji Weng
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kento Usuda
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujii
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- United Graduate School of Veterinarian Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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220
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The Effect of Microporous Polysaccharide Hemospheres on Wound Healing and Scarring in Wild-Type and db/db Mice. Adv Skin Wound Care 2017; 30:169-180. [DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000513149.43488.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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221
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Peters SB, Wang Y, Serra R. Tgfbr2 is required in osterix expressing cells for postnatal skeletal development. Bone 2017; 97:54-64. [PMID: 28043895 PMCID: PMC5368008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is known to play an important role in early skeletal development. We previously demonstrated that loss of TGFβ receptor II (Tgfbr2) in Prx1-Cre-expressing mesenchyme results in defects in long bones, joints, and the skull vault in mice resulting from reduced naïve mesenchymal proliferation and condensation that interrupted osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, others have shown that the loss of Tgfbr2 in fully differentiated mature osteoblasts results in increased bone volume. To study the role of Tgfbr2 in immature osteoblasts, we generated Osx-Cre;Tgfbr2fl/fl mice and found defects in the postnatal development of the skull vault and long bones as compared to controls. No discernible skeletal defects were observed in newborn mice; however, at postnatal day 24 (P24), Tgfbr2-deleted mice demonstrated short stature that correlated with reduced proliferation in the growth plate. X-ray and microCT analysis of long bone and skull from P24 mice showed reduced bone volume. Histomorphometry indicated reductions in osteoblast number but not osteoclast number. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated mRNA levels for the osteoblast marker, Runx2, were not altered but mRNA levels of a marker for mature osteoblasts, Bglap, were down in mutant calvaria relative to controls. The mRNA of a proliferation marker, proliferative nuclear cell antigen (PCNA), was also reduced whereas the ratio of Bax2:Bcl2 was unaltered to demonstrate no change in apoptosis. These results suggest proliferation and maturation of immature osteoblasts requires Tgfbr2 signaling and that decreased bone volume in Osx-Cre;Tgfbr2fl/fl mice is likely due to fewer mature osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Peters
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Rosa Serra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA.
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222
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Deng B, Zhang F, Wen J, Ye S, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong P, Jiang S. The function of myostatin in the regulation of fat mass in mammals. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:29. [PMID: 28344633 PMCID: PMC5360019 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN), also referred to as growth and differentiation factor-8, is a protein secreted in muscle tissues. Researchers believe that its primary function is in negatively regulating muscle because a mutation in its coding region can lead to the famous double muscle trait in cattle. Muscle and adipose tissue develop from the same mesenchymal stem cells, and researchers have found that MSTN is expressed in fat tissues and plays a key role in adipogenesis. Interestingly, MSTN can exert a dual function, either inhibiting or promoting adipogenesis, according to the situation. Due to its potential function in controlling body fat mass, MSTN has attracted the interest of researchers. In this review, we explore its function in regulating adipogenesis in mammals, including preadipocytes, multipotent stem cells and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Deng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Wen
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiang Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430208 People's Republic of China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People's Republic of China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070 China
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223
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Xie HM, Werner P, Stambolian D, Bailey-Wilson JE, Hakonarson H, White PS, Taylor DM, Goldmuntz E. Rare copy number variants in patients with congenital conotruncal heart defects. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:271-295. [PMID: 28398664 PMCID: PMC5407323 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using different cardiac phenotypes, technologies and designs suggest a burden of large, rare or de novo copy number variants (CNVs) in subjects with congenital heart defects. We sought to identify disease-related CNVs, candidate genes, and functional pathways in a large number of cases with conotruncal and related defects that carried no known genetic syndrome. METHODS Cases and control samples were divided into two cohorts and genotyped to assess each subject's CNV content. Analyses were performed to ascertain differences in overall CNV prevalence and to identify enrichment of specific genes and functional pathways in conotruncal cases relative to healthy controls. RESULTS Only findings present in both cohorts are presented. From 973 total conotruncal cases, a burden of rare CNVs was detected in both cohorts. Candidate genes from rare CNVs found in both cohorts were identified based on their association with cardiac development or disease, and/or their reported disruption in published studies. Functional and pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of terms involved in either heart or early embryonic development. CONCLUSION Our study tested one of the largest cohorts specifically with cardiac conotruncal and related defects. These results confirm and extend previous findings that CNVs contribute to disease risk for congenital heart defects in general and conotruncal defects in particular. As disease heterogeneity renders identification of single recurrent genes or loci difficult, functional pathway and gene regulation network analyses appear to be more informative. Birth Defects Research 109:271-295, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo M Xie
- The Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Petra Werner
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Statistical Genetics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter S White
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Deanne M Taylor
- The Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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224
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IL-10 and TGF-β: Roles in chondroprotective effects of Glucosamine in experimental Osteoarthritis? PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2017; 24:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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225
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Nakano N, Tsuchiya Y, Kako K, Umezaki K, Sano K, Ikeno S, Otsuka E, Shigeta M, Nakagawa A, Sakata N, Itoh F, Nakano Y, Iemura SI, van Dinther M, Natsume T, Ten Dijke P, Itoh S. TMED10 Protein Interferes with Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β Signaling by Disrupting TGF-β Receptor Complex Formation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:4099-4112. [PMID: 28115518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensity and duration of TGF-β signaling determine the cellular biological response. How this is negatively regulated is not well understood. Here, we identified a novel negative regulator of TGF-β signaling, transmembrane p24-trafficking protein 10 (TMED10). TMED10 disrupts the complex formation between TGF-β type I (also termed ALK5) and type II receptors (TβRII). Misexpression studies revealed that TMED10 attenuated TGF-β-mediated signaling. A 20-amino acid-long region from Thr91 to Glu110 within the extracellular region of TMED10 was found to be crucial for TMED10 interaction with both ALK5 and TβRII. Synthetic peptides corresponding to this region inhibit both TGF-β-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and Smad-dependent transcriptional reporter activity. In a xenograft cancer model, where previously TGF-β was shown to elicit tumor-promoting effects, gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies for TMED10 revealed a decrease and increase in the tumor size, respectively. Thus, we determined herein that TMED10 expression levels are the key determinant for efficiency of TGF-β receptor complex formation and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Nakano
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuchiya
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kenro Kako
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Kenryu Umezaki
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Keigo Sano
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Souichi Ikeno
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Eri Otsuka
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Masashi Shigeta
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Ai Nakagawa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sakata
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- the Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yota Nakano
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iemura
- the Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, 11-25 Sakaemachi, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan
| | - Maarten van Dinther
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, S-1-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tohru Natsume
- the Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery (molprof), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan, and
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- the Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, S-1-P, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,the Science for Life Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Susumu Itoh
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan,
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226
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Jarad M, Kuczynski EA, Morrison J, Viloria-Petit AM, Coomber BL. Release of endothelial cell associated VEGFR2 during TGF-β modulated angiogenesis in vitro. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:10. [PMID: 28114883 PMCID: PMC5260130 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sprouting angiogenesis requires vascular endothelial proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. The process is regulated by soluble factors, principally vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and via bidirectional signaling through the Jagged/Notch system, leading to assignment of tip cell and stalk cell identity. The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) can either stimulate or inhibit angiogenesis via its differential surface receptor signaling. Here we evaluate changes in expression of angiogenic signaling receptors when bovine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to TGF-β1 under low serum conditions. Results TGF-β1 induced a dose dependent inhibition of tip cell assignment and subsequent angiogenesis on Matrigel, maximal at 5.0 ng/ml. This occurred via ALK5-dependent pathways and was accompanied by significant upregulation of the TGF-β co-receptor endoglin, and SMAD2 phosphorylation, but no alteration in Smad1/5 activation. TGF-β1 also induced ALK5-dependent downregulation of Notch1 but not of its ligand delta-like ligand 4. Cell associated VEGFR2 (but not VEGFR1) was significantly downregulated and accompanied by reciprocal upregulation of VEGFR2 in conditioned medium. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that this soluble VEGFR2 was not generated by a selective shift in mRNA isoform transcription. This VEGFR2 in conditioned medium was full-length protein and was associated with increased soluble HSP-90, consistent with a possible shedding of microvesicles/exosomes. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that endothelial cells exposed to TGF-β1 lose both tip and stalk cell identity, possibly mediated by loss of VEGFR2 signaling. The role of these events in physiological and pathological angiogenesis requires further investigation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-017-0127-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jarad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - E A Kuczynski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - J Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - A M Viloria-Petit
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada
| | - B L Coomber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, OVC Room 3645, Guelph, N1G 2W1, ON, Canada.
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227
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Wang Y, He T, Liu J, Liu H, Zhou L, Hao W, Sun Y, Wang X. Synergistic effects of overexpression of BMP‑2 and TGF‑β3 on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5514-5520. [PMID: 27878265 PMCID: PMC5355709 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) isoforms are important in advancing bone regeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the positive and reciprocal effect of TGF-β3, one of the three TGF-β isoforms, on BMP-2 in promoting osteogenic differentiation. Exogenous BMP-2 and TGF-β3 genes were separately, and in combination, overexpressed in rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs). Expression levels of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were evaluated using reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting assays. Furthermore, the osteogenic differentiation capacities of BMSCs were assessed by measuring Alizarin Red S staining, an alkaline phosphatase activity assay, and quantification of the osteogenic-specific genes, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx). Using lentiviral-mediated transfection, robust co-transfection efficiency of >90% was achieved. RT-PCR and immunoblotting results indicated a marked elevated expression of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 in rBMSCs undergoing co-transfection, compared with transfection with BMP-2 or TGF-β3 alone, indicating that BMP-2 and TGF-β3 are synergistically expressed in rBMSCs. Furthermore, enhanced osteogenic differentiation was observed in rBMSCs co-transfected with BMP-2/TGF-β3. The present study successfully delivered BMP-2 together with TGF-β3 into rBMSCs with high efficiency for the first time. Furthermore, TGF-β3 overexpression was demonstrated to enhance the osteogenic efficacy of BMP-2 in rBMSCs, and vice versa. This provides a potential clinical therapeutic approach for regenerating the function of osseous tissue, and may present a promising strategy for bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biochip Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Lugang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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228
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Qian C, Dang X, Wang X, Xu W, Pang G, Chen Y, Liu C. Molecular Mechanism of MicroRNA-200c Regulating Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD Family Member 3 (SMAD3) Pathway by Targeting Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in Hypospadias in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4073-4081. [PMID: 27794206 PMCID: PMC5091215 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to explore effects of microRNA-200c regulating TGF-β/Smad3 pathway by targeting Zeb1 on the occurrence and development of hypospadias and to evaluate the relationship between microRNA-200c and occurrence of hypospadias. Material/Methods Pregnant rats with a gestational age of 12 days were allocated into 2 groups; one received gavage of DEHP-contained soybean oil (1 ml/day, 8 days; Group A) and the other had gavage of normal soybean oil (1 ml/day, 8 days; Group B). Baby rats with hypospadias from Group A were assigned to the model group (n=20) and healthy baby rats from Group B were assigned to the control group (n=20). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed to detect microRNA-200c, Zeb1, TGF-β, and Smad3 mRNA and protein expressions in the model group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The relationship between microRNA-200c and Zeb1 was detected using a dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment. After the in vitro intervention experiment in fetal rat penises, Western blot was used to detect the expression of Zeb1, TGF-β, and Smad3. Results In the model group, microRNA-200c was expressed at a low level, and microRNA-200c expression in control group was 2.1 times higher than in the model group (P<0.05). When compared with the control group, mRNA expressions, protein expressions, and positive rates of Zeb1, TGF-β, and Smad3 were higher in the model group (all P<0.01). Luciferase gene report determined that Zeb1 is a target gene of microRNA-200c. The in vitro intervention experiment in fetal rat penises found that a high concentration of microRNA-200c inhibited hypospadias occurrence by suppressing the expression of Zeb1, TGF-β, and Smad3. Conclusions MicroRNA-200c was expressed in hypospadias penis tissues at low levels and was negatively correlated with Zeb1 expression. MicroRNA-200c up-regulated Zeb1 expression to regulate the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway, which led to the occurrence of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qian
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangyang Dang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xianglin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Guijian Pang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Chengbei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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229
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LaFoya B, Munroe JA, Mia MM, Detweiler MA, Crow JJ, Wood T, Roth S, Sharma B, Albig AR. Notch: A multi-functional integrating system of microenvironmental signals. Dev Biol 2016; 418:227-41. [PMID: 27565024 PMCID: PMC5144577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling cascade is an evolutionarily ancient system that allows cells to interact with their microenvironmental neighbors through direct cell-cell interactions, thereby directing a variety of developmental processes. Recent research is discovering that Notch signaling is also responsive to a broad variety of stimuli beyond cell-cell interactions, including: ECM composition, crosstalk with other signaling systems, shear stress, hypoxia, and hyperglycemia. Given this emerging understanding of Notch responsiveness to microenvironmental conditions, it appears that the classical view of Notch as a mechanism enabling cell-cell interactions, is only a part of a broader function to integrate microenvironmental cues. In this review, we summarize and discuss published data supporting the idea that the full function of Notch signaling is to serve as an integrator of microenvironmental signals thus allowing cells to sense and respond to a multitude of conditions around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce LaFoya
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jordan A Munroe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Masum M Mia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Michael A Detweiler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Jacob J Crow
- Biomolecular Sciences PhD Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Travis Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Allan R Albig
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Biomolecular Sciences PhD Program, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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230
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Apgar JR, Mader M, Agostinelli R, Benard S, Bialek P, Johnson M, Gao Y, Krebs M, Owens J, Parris K, St. Andre M, Svenson K, Morris C, Tchistiakova L. Beyond CDR-grafting: Structure-guided humanization of framework and CDR regions of an anti-myostatin antibody. MAbs 2016; 8:1302-1318. [PMID: 27625211 PMCID: PMC5058614 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1215786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are an important class of biotherapeutics that offer specificity to their antigen, long half-life, effector function interaction and good manufacturability. The immunogenicity of non-human-derived antibodies, which can be a major limitation to development, has been partially overcome by humanization through complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting onto human acceptor frameworks. The retention of foreign content in the CDR regions, however, is still a potential immunogenic liability. Here, we describe the humanization of an anti-myostatin antibody utilizing a 2-step process of traditional CDR-grafting onto a human acceptor framework, followed by a structure-guided approach to further reduce the murine content of CDR-grafted antibodies. To accomplish this, we solved the co-crystal structures of myostatin with the chimeric (Protein Databank (PDB) id 5F3B) and CDR-grafted anti-myostatin antibody (PDB id 5F3H), allowing us to computationally predict the structurally important CDR residues as well as those making significant contacts with the antigen. Structure-based rational design enabled further germlining of the CDR-grafted antibody, reducing the murine content of the antibody without affecting antigen binding. The overall "humanness" was increased for both the light and heavy chain variable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susan Benard
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bialek
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yijie Gao
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Krebs
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jane Owens
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Parris
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Kris Svenson
- Biomedicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carl Morris
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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231
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Zeng L, Dang TA, Schunkert H. Genetics links between transforming growth factor β pathway and coronary disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 253:237-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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232
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Vishnubalaji R, Yue S, Alfayez M, Kassem M, Liu FF, Aldahmash A, Alajez NM. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) induces growth suppression and enhances chemosensitivity of human colon cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:77. [PMID: 27708551 PMCID: PMC5043592 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular profiling of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on global gene expression has revealed multiple dysregulated signalling pathways associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis. However, the role of BMP2 signaling in CRC is not fully characterised. METHODS Bioinformatics data analysis were conducted on the GSE21510 dataset. Leniviral technology was utilized to stably express BMP2 in the HCT116 CRC model. Gene expression profiling was conducted using Agilent microarray platform while data normalization and bioinformatics were conducted using GeneSpring software. Changes in gene expression were assessed using qRT-PCR. AlamarBlue assay was used to assess cell viability in vitro. In vivo experiments were conducted using SCID mice. RESULTS Our data revealed frequent downregulation of BMP2 in primary CRC tissues. Additionally, interrogation of publically available gene expression datasets revealed significant downregulation of BMP2 in metastatic recurrent compared to non-metastatic cancer (p = 0.02). Global gene expression analysis in CRC cells over-expressing BMP2 revealed multiple dysregulated pathways mostly affecting cell cycle and DNA damage response. Concordantly, lentiviral-mediated re-expression of BMP2 inhibited HCT116 CRC growth, sphere formation, clonogenic potential, cell migration, and sensitized CRC cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro. Additionally, BMP2 inhibited CRC tumor formation in SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data revealed an inhibitory role for BMP2 in CRC, suggesting that restoration of BMP2 expression could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Vishnubalaji
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shijun Yue
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Odense and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fei-Fei Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Abdullah Aldahmash
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Prince Naif Health Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11461 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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233
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Wheeler SE, Lee NY. Emerging Roles of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling in Diabetic Retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:486-489. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Wheeler
- Division of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
| | - Nam Y. Lee
- Division of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- Davis Heart Lung Research Institute; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center; The Ohio State University; Columbus Ohio
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234
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Chen JL, Colgan TD, Walton KL, Gregorevic P, Harrison CA. The TGF-β Signalling Network in Muscle Development, Adaptation and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 900:97-131. [PMID: 27003398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27511-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses remarkable ability to change its size and force-producing capacity in response to physiological stimuli. Impairment of the cellular processes that govern these attributes also affects muscle mass and function in pathological conditions. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β family, has been identified as a key regulator of muscle development, and adaptation in adulthood. In muscle, myostatin binds to its type I (ALK4/5) and type II (ActRIIA/B) receptors to initiate Smad2/3 signalling and the regulation of target genes that co-ordinate the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Interestingly, evidence is emerging that other TGF-β proteins act in concert with myostatin to regulate the growth and remodelling of skeletal muscle. Consequently, dysregulation of TGF-β proteins and their associated signalling components is increasingly being implicated in muscle wasting associated with chronic illness, ageing, and inactivity. The growing understanding of TGF-β biology in muscle, and its potential to advance the development of therapeutics for muscle-related conditions is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Chen
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colgan
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Muscle Research and Therapeutics Development, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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235
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Dysregulation of TGFβ1 Activity in Cancer and Its Influence on the Quality of Anti-Tumor Immunity. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5090076. [PMID: 27589814 PMCID: PMC5039479 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5090076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TGFβ1 is a pleiotropic cytokine that exhibits a variety of physiologic and immune regulatory functions. Although its influence on multiple cell types is critical for the regulation of numerous biologic processes in the host, dysregulation of both TGFβ1 expression and activity is frequently observed in cancer and contributes to various aspects of cancer progression. This review focuses on TGFβ1’s contribution to tumor immune suppression and escape, with emphasis on the influence of this regulatory cytokine on the differentiation and function of dendritic cells and T cells. Clinical trials targeting TGFβ1 in cancer patients are also reviewed, and strategies for future therapeutic interventions that build on our current understanding of immune regulation by TGFβ1 are discussed.
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236
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Transforming growth factor β as regulator of cancer stemness and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:761-9. [PMID: 27537386 PMCID: PMC5046208 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Key elements of cancer progression towards metastasis are the biological actions of cancer stem cells and stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Cross-communication between tumour and stromal cells is mediated by secreted cytokines, one of which, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), regulates essentially every cell within the malignant tissue. In this article, we focus on the actions of TGFβ on cancer stem cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells that assist the overall process of metastatic dissemination. We aim at illustrating intricate connections made by various cells in the tumour tissue and which depend on the action of TGFβ.
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237
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Yu Q, Shi X, Greer T, Lietz CB, Kent KC, Li L. Evaluation and Application of Dimethylated Amino Acids as Isobaric Tags for Quantitative Proteomics of the TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Pathway. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3420-31. [PMID: 27457343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isobaric labeling has become a widespread tool for quantitative proteomic studies. Here, we report the development and evaluation of several dimethylated amino acids as novel isobaric tags for quantitative proteomics. Four-plex dimethylated alanine (DiAla), valine (DiVal), and leucine (DiLeu) have been synthesized, sharing common features of peptide tagging and reporter ion production. DiAla and DiLeu are shown to achieve complete labeling. These two tags' impacts on peptide fragmentation and quantitation are further evaluated using HEK293 cell lysate. DiAla labeling generates more abundant backbone fragmentation whereas DiLeu labeling produces more intense reporter ions. Nonetheless, both tags enable accurate quantitative analysis of HEK293 cell proteomes. DiAla and DiLeu tags are then applied to study the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway with four differentially treated mouse vascular smooth muscle (MOVAS) cells. Our MS data reveal proteome-wide changes of AdSmad3 as compared to the GFP control, consistent with previous findings of causing smooth muscle cell (SMC) dedifferentiation.1 Additionally, the other two novel mutations on the hub protein Smad3, Y226A, and D408H, show compromised TGF-β/Smad3-dependent gene transcription and reversed phenotypic switch. These results are further corroborated with Western blotting and demonstrate that the novel DiAla and DiLeu isobaric tagging reagents provide useful tools for multiplex quantitative proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xudong Shi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Tyler Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Christopher B Lietz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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238
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Hajian M, Hosseini SM, Ostadhosseini S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Targeting the transforming growth factor-β signaling during pre-implantation development in embryos of cattle, sheep and goats. Growth Factors 2016; 34:141-8. [PMID: 27442780 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2016.1206089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, application of chemical inhibitors against differentiation signaling pathways has improved establishment of mESCs. In this study, we applied inhibitors of TGF-β (SB431542) and BMP4 (Noggin) from cleavage to blastocyst stage in cattle, goat and sheep embryos. SB significantly decreases blastocyst rate and total cell number (TCN) in sheep blastocysts, whereas only TCN was significantly decreased in cattle blastocysts. In contrast to SB, Noggin significantly improved cattle blastocyst development but decreased TCN. However, Noggin treatment led to a significant increase in TCN in sheep blastocysts. Regarding pluripotency triad (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2) and cell lineage commitment (REX1, CDX2, GATA4), SB led to a significant reduction in SOX2 expression in goat and cattle, while Noggin increased at least one or two of pluripotent markers in these species. Taken together, this data suggests that inhibition of TGF-β by Noggin may be more favorable for derivation of stem cells in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajian
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Sayyed Morteza Hosseini
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- a Department of Reproduction and Development , Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR , Isfahan , Iran and
- b Department of Embryology , Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
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239
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Carthy JM, Stöter M, Bellomo C, Vanlandewijck M, Heldin A, Morén A, Kardassis D, Gahman TC, Shiau AK, Bickle M, Zerial M, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Chemical regulators of epithelial plasticity reveal a nuclear receptor pathway controlling myofibroblast differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29868. [PMID: 27430378 PMCID: PMC4949434 DOI: 10.1038/srep29868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in epithelial tissues relates to processes of embryonic development, tissue fibrosis and cancer progression. Pharmacological modulation of epithelial transitions during disease progression may thus be clinically useful. Using human keratinocytes and a robotic high-content imaging platform, we screened for chemical compounds that reverse transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition to TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitors, we identified small molecule epithelial plasticity modulators including a naturally occurring hydroxysterol agonist of the liver X receptors (LXRs), members of the nuclear receptor transcription factor family. Endogenous and synthetic LXR agonists tested in diverse cell models blocked α-smooth muscle actin expression, myofibroblast differentiation and function. Agonist-dependent LXR activity or LXR overexpression in the absence of ligand counteracted TGF-β-mediated myofibroblast terminal differentiation and collagen contraction. The protective effect of LXR agonists against TGF-β-induced pro-fibrotic activity raises the possibility that anti-lipidogenic therapy may be relevant in fibrotic disorders and advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Carthy
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Stöter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Bellomo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, Biomedical Center, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelos Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anita Morén
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Timothy C Gahman
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, Biomedical Center, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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240
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Duperret EK, Natale CA, Monteleon C, Dahal A, Ridky TW. The integrin αv-TGFβ signaling axis is necessary for epidermal proliferation during cutaneous wound healing. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2077-86. [PMID: 27295308 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1199306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of epidermal keratinocytes are essential for proper cutaneous wound closure after injury. αv integrins and several of their ligands-vitronectin, TGFβ and thrombospondin-are up-regulated in healing wounds. However, the role of αv integrins in wound re-epithelialization is unknown. Here, we show that genetic depletion or antibody-mediated blockade of pan-integrin αv, or the specific heterodimer αvβ6, in keratinocytes limited epidermal proliferation at the wound edge and prevented re-epithelialization of wounded human organotypic skin both in vivo and in vitro. While we did not observe a migration defect upon αv blockade in vivo, αv was necessary for keratinocyte migration over longer distances in organotypic skin. Integrin αv is required for local activation of latent TGFβ, and the wound healing defect in the setting of integrin αv loss was rescued by exogenous, active TGFβ, indicating that the αv-TGFβ signaling axis is a critical component of the normal epidermal wound healing program. As chronic wounds are associated with decreased TGFβ signaling, restoration of TGFβ activity may have therapeutic utility in some clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Duperret
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Christopher A Natale
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Christine Monteleon
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ankit Dahal
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Todd W Ridky
- a Department of Dermatology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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241
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Cribb JA, Osborne LD, Beicker K, Psioda M, Chen J, O'Brien ET, Taylor Ii RM, Vicci L, Hsiao JPL, Shao C, Falvo M, Ibrahim JG, Wood KC, Blobe GC, Superfine R. An Automated High-throughput Array Microscope for Cancer Cell Mechanics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27371. [PMID: 27265611 PMCID: PMC4893602 DOI: 10.1038/srep27371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular mechanical properties correlate with the progression of metastatic cancer along the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Few high-throughput methodologies exist that measure cell compliance, which can be used to understand the impact of genetic alterations or to screen the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. We have developed a novel array high-throughput microscope (AHTM) system that combines the convenience of the standard 96-well plate with the ability to image cultured cells and membrane-bound microbeads in twelve independently-focusing channels simultaneously, visiting all wells in eight steps. We use the AHTM and passive bead rheology techniques to determine the relative compliance of human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) cells, h-TERT transformed HPDE cells (HPNE), and four gain-of-function constructs related to EMT. The AHTM found HPNE, H-ras, Myr-AKT, and Bcl2 transfected cells more compliant relative to controls, consistent with parallel tests using atomic force microscopy and invasion assays, proving the AHTM capable of screening for changes in mechanical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Cribb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lukas D Osborne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kellie Beicker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Psioda
- Department of Biostatistics, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC United States of America
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - E Timothy O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Russell M Taylor Ii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.,Department of Computer Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Leandra Vicci
- Department of Computer Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Joe Ping-Lin Hsiao
- Department of Computer Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Chong Shao
- Department of Computer Science, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Joseph G Ibrahim
- Department of Biostatistics, The Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kris C Wood
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, 450 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Gerard C Blobe
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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242
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Ghobrial EE, Abdel-Aziz HA, Kaddah AM, Mubarak NA. Urinary Transforming Growth Factor β-1 as a Marker of Renal Dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease. Pediatr Neonatol 2016; 57:174-80. [PMID: 26508723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder that results in deformity of red blood cells. Renal dysfunction affects 5-18% of patients with SCD. To date, few studies have described urinary levels of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), which is a marker of fibrosis, as a biomarker in identifying patients at risk of developing renal disease in SCD. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of sickle cell nephropathy in Egyptian SCD patients. We aimed also to evaluate the association of urinary TGF-β1 with other conventional biomarkers of renal damage in SCD patients to identify a novel renal biomarker for early diagnosis of sickle nephropathy. METHODS We examined 40 SCD patients, 21 with sickle cell anemia, 16 sickle thalassemia, and three with sickle trait. We compared them to 20 control children with matched age and sex. The study was held in the time period between May 2013 and December 2013 in the Hematology Clinic, New Cairo University Children Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. RESULTS Urinary excretion of TGF-β1 was 7.07 ± 1.91 ng/mL in SCD patients versus 2.23 ± 0.76 ng/mL in control children (p < 0.001). SCD patients had elevated estimated glomerular filtration rate (177.44 ± 35.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), denoting a state of glomerular hyperfiltration. 47.5% of SCD patients had microalbuminuria. Urinary TGF-β1 correlated positively with microalbuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.001 and p = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSION We concluded that urinary TGF-β1 may serve as a marker of early renal injury in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad E Ghobrial
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine-Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hanan A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine-Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kaddah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine-Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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243
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Rizk N, Christoforou N, Lee S. Optimization of anti-cancer drugs and a targeting molecule on multifunctional gold nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:185704. [PMID: 27004512 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/18/185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common and deadly cancer among women worldwide. Currently, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are useful for cancer treatment; however, strategic planning is critical in order to enhance the anti-cancer properties and reduce the side effects of cancer therapy. Here, we designed multifunctional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with two anti-cancer drugs, TGF-β1 antibody and methotrexate, and a cancer-targeting molecule, folic acid. First, optimum size and shape of AuNPs was selected by the highest uptake of AuNPs by MDA-MB-231, a metastatic human breast cancer cell line. It was 100 nm spherical AuNPs (S-AuNPs) that were used for further studies. A fixed amount (900 μl) of S-AuNP (3.8 × 10(8) particles/ml) was conjugated with folic acid-BSA or methotrexate-BSA. Methotrexate on S-AuNP induced cellular toxicity and the optimum amount of methotrexate-BSA (2.83 mM) was 500 μl. Uptake of S-AuNPs was enhanced by folate conjugation that binds to folate receptors overexpressed by MDA-MB-231 and the optimum uptake was at 500 μl of folic acid-BSA (2.83 mM). TGF-β1 antibody on S-AuNP reduced extracellular TGF-β1 of cancer cells by 30%. Due to their efficacy and tunable properties, we anticipate numerous clinical applications of multifunctional gold nanospheres in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla Rizk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology, and Research, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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244
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Xia J, He LQ, Su X. Interventional mechanisms of herbs or herbal extracts on renal interstitial fibrosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2016; 14:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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245
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Chen N, Guo D, Guo Y, Sun Y, Bi H, Ma X. Paclitaxel inhibits cell proliferation and collagen lattice contraction via TGF-β signaling pathway in human tenon's fibroblasts in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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246
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An optimised mouse model of chronic pancreatitis with a combination of ethanol and cerulein. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:54-63. [PMID: 27095923 PMCID: PMC4829821 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.58816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an intractable and multi-factorial disorder. Developing appropriate animal models is an essential step in pancreatitis research, and the best ones are those which mimic the human disorder both aetiologically and pathophysiologically. The current study presents an optimised protocol for creating a murine model of CP, which mimics the initial steps of chronic pancreatitis in alcohol chronic pancreatitis and compares it with two other mouse models treated with cerulein or ethanol alone. Material and methods Thirty-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected, divided into four groups, and treated intraperitoneally with saline (10 ml/kg, control group), ethanol (3 g/kg; 30% v/v), cerulein (50 µg/kg), or ethanol + cerulein, for six weeks. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assays for chronic pancreatitis index along with real-time PCR assessments for mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrogenic markers were conducted to verify the CP induction. Results The results indicated that CP index (CPI) was significantly increased in ethanol-cerulein mice compared to the saline, ethanol, and cerulein groups (p < 0.001). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and myeloperoxidase activity were also significantly greater in both cerulein and ethanol-cerulein groups than in the saline treated animals (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed enhanced expression of TGF-β and α-SMA in ethanol-cerulein mice compared to the saline group. Conclusions Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of ethanol and cerulein could successfully induce CP in mice. IP injections of ethanol provide higher reproducibility compared to ethanol feeding. The model is simple, non-invasive, reproducible, and time-saving. Since the protocol mimics the initial phases of CP development in alcoholics, it can be used for investigating basic mechanisms and testing new therapies.
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247
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Baye E, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J, Hipkiss A, Aldini G, de Courten B. Physiological and therapeutic effects of carnosine on cardiometabolic risk and disease. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1131-49. [PMID: 26984320 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are the most common preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They represent major public health threat to our society. Increasing prevalence of obesity and T2DM contributes to escalating morbidity and mortality from CVD and stroke. Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ischaemic and chelating roles and is available as an over-the-counter food supplement. Animal evidence suggests that carnosine may offer many promising therapeutic benefits for multiple chronic diseases due to these properties. Carnosine, traditionally used in exercise physiology to increase exercise performance, has potential preventative and therapeutic benefits in obesity, insulin resistance, T2DM and diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications (CVD and stroke) as well as number of neurological and mental health conditions. However, relatively little evidence is available in humans. Thus, future studies should focus on well-designed clinical trials to confirm or refute a potential role of carnosine in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in humans, in addition to advancing knowledge from the basic science and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estifanos Baye
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alan Hipkiss
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
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248
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Correia-Costa L, Morato M, Sousa T, Cosme D, Guimarães JT, Guerra A, Schaefer F, Afonso AC, Azevedo A, Albino-Teixeira A. Urinary fibrogenic cytokines ET-1 and TGF-β1 are associated with urinary angiotensinogen levels in obese children. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:455-64. [PMID: 26482255 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrogenic cytokines are recognized as putative drivers of disease activity and histopathological deterioration in various kidney diseases. We compared urinary transforming growth factor β1 (U-TGF-β1) and endothelin 1 (U-ET-1) levels across body mass index classes and assessed their association with the level of urinary angiotensinogen (U-AGT), a biomarker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). METHODS The was a cross-sectional evaluation of 302 children aged 8-9 years. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), aldosterone level and renal function were evaluated. U-ET-1, U-TGF-β1 and U-AGT levels were determined by immunoenzymatic methods. RESULTS Obese children presented with the lowest levels of U-ET-1 and U-TGF-β1, but the difference was only significant for U-ET-1. In obese children, the median levels of both U-ET-1 and U-TGF-β1 tended to increase across tertiles (T1-T3) of U-AGT (U-ET-1: T1, 19.9 (14.2-26.3); T2, 32.5 (23.3-141.6); T3, 24.8 (18.7-51.5) ng/g creatinine, p = 0.007; U-TGF-β1: T1, 2.2 (1.8-4.0); T2, 4.3 (2.7-11.7); T3, 4.9 (3.8-10.1) ng/g creatinine, p = 0.004]. In multivariate models, in the obese group, U-ET-1 was associated with HOMA-IR and aldosterone and U-AGT levels, and U-TGF-β1 was associated with U-AGT levels and 24 h-systolic BP. CONCLUSIONS Whereas the initial hypothesis of higher levels of urinary fibrogenic cytokines in obese children was not confirmed in our study, both TGF-β1 and U-ET-1 levels were associated with U-AGT level, which likely reflects an early interplay between tissue remodeling and RAAS in obesity-related kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Correia-Costa
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Morato
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Cosme
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Guerra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Caldas Afonso
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Integrated Pediatric Hospital, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas, nº 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yang WH, Deng YT, Hsieh YP, Wu KJ, Kuo MYP. Thrombin Activates Latent TGFβ1 via Integrin αvβ1 in Gingival Fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2016; 95:939-45. [PMID: 26912222 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516634288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix production. It also plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. Thrombin is a key player in tissue repair, remodeling, and fibrosis after an injury, and it exerts profibrotic effects by activating protease-activated receptors. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF or CCN2) modulates cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, matrix production, and wound healing. It is overexpressed in many fibrotic disorders, including gingival overgrowth, and it is positively associated with the degree of fibrosis in gingival overgrowth. In human gingival fibroblasts, we previously found that TGFβ1 induced CCN2 protein synthesis through c-jun N-terminal kinase and Smad3 activation. Thrombin stimulates CCN2 synthesis through protease-activated receptor 1 and c-jun N-terminal kinase signaling. Curcumin inhibited TGFβ1- and thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis. In this study, we demonstrated that thrombin and protease-activated receptor 1 agonist SFLLRN induced latent TGFβ1 activation and Smad3 phosphorylation in human gingival fibroblasts. Pretreatment with a TGFβ-neutralizing antibody, TGFβ type I receptor inhibitor SB431542, and Smad3 inhibitor SIS3 inhibited approximately 86%, 94%, and 100% of thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis, respectively. Furthermore, blocking integrin subunits αv and β1 with antibodies effectively inhibited SFLLRN-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and CCN2 synthesis and increased activated TGFβ1 levels; however, similar effects were not observed for integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5. These results suggest that protease-activated receptor 1-induced CCN2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts is mediated through integrin αvβ1-induced latent TGFβ1 activation and subsequent TGFβ1 signaling. Moreover, curcumin dose dependently decreased thrombin-induced activated TGFβ1 levels. Curcumin-inhibited thrombin-induced CCN2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts is caused by the suppression of latent TGFβ1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Yang
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y T Deng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Y P Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - K J Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - M Y P Kuo
- School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu C, Yang Q, Fang G, Li BS, Wu DB, Guo WJ, Hong SS, Hong L. Collagen metabolic disorder induced by oxidative stress in human uterosacral ligament‑derived fibroblasts: A possible pathophysiological mechanism in pelvic organ prolapse. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2999-3008. [PMID: 26936098 PMCID: PMC4805094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a global health problem, for which the pathophysiological mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. The loss of extracellular matrix protein has been considered to be the most important molecular basis facilitating the development of POP. Oxidative stress (OS) is a well-recognized mechanism involved in fiber metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to clarify whether OS exists in the uterosacral ligament (USL) with POP, and to investigate the precise role of OS in collagen metabolism in human USL fibroblasts (hUSLFs). In the present study, 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4 hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), as oxidative biomarkers, were examined by immunohistochemistry to evaluate oxidative injury in USL sections in POP (n=20) and non-POP (n=20) groups. The primary cultured hUSLFs were treated with exogenous H2O2 to establish an original OS cell model, in which the expression levels of collagen, type 1, α1 (COL1A1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were evaluated by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. The results showed that the expression levels of 8-OHdG and 4-HNE in the POP group were significantly higher, compared with those in the control group. Collagen metabolism was regulated by H2O2 exposure in a concentration-dependent manner, in which lower concentrations of H2O2 (0.1–0.2 mM) stimulated the anabolism of COL1A1, whereas a higher concentration (0.4 mM) promoted catabolism. The expression levels of MMP-2, TIMP-2 and TGF-β1 exhibited corresponding changes with the OS levels. These results suggested that OS may be involved in the pathophysiology of POP by contributing to collagen metabolic disorder in a severity-dependent manner in hUSLFs, possibly through the regulation of MMPs, TIMPs and TGF-β1 indirectly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Gui Fang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Shu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - De-Bin Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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