201
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Mattiola I. Immune Circuits to Shape Natural Killer Cells in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133225. [PMID: 34203391 PMCID: PMC8267947 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Natural killer (NK) cells are circulating innate lymphocytes endowed with antitumoral functions. NK cells are the innate counterpart of effector T cells and among the first cells responding to infections and tumors. In this review, the immune circuits regulating the NK cell antitumoral functions and the possible strategies to shape natural killing in cancer will be discussed. Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells playing an important role in anti-cancer immunity. NK cells are efficient in controlling the spreading of metastasis but are not very powerful in fighting against primary tumors. The NK cell capability to infiltrate and persist in the tumor microenvironment and to exert their antitumoral functions is often limited by tumor escape mechanisms. These tumor-mediated strategies not only induce NK cell tolerance but also interfere with the NK cell-dependent immune networking. This review will provide an overview of the tumor escape mechanisms impacting NK cells, identify the immune circuits regulating the NK cell-dependent antitumor immunity and revise the emerging therapeutic approaches to unleash NK cells in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mattiola
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Strasse 2, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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202
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Sportoletti P, De Falco F, Del Papa B, Baldoni S, Guarente V, Marra A, Dorillo E, Rompietti C, Adamo FM, Ruggeri L, Di Ianni M, Rosati E. NK Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Their Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136665. [PMID: 34206399 PMCID: PMC8268440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key features of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are defects in the immune system and the ability of leukemic cells to evade immune defenses and induce immunosuppression, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections and disease progression. Several immune effectors are impaired in CLL, including T and natural killer (NK) cells. The role of T cells in defense against CLL and in CLL progression and immunotherapy has been extensively studied. Less is known about the role of NK cells in this leukemia, and data on NK cell alterations in CLL are contrasting. Besides studies showing that NK cells have intrinsic defects in CLL, there is a large body of evidence indicating that NK cell dysfunctions in CLL mainly depend on the escape mechanisms employed by leukemic cells. In keeping, it has been shown that NK cell functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), can be retained and/or restored after adequate stimulation. Therefore, due to their preserved ADCC function and the reversibility of CLL-related dysfunctions, NK cells are an attractive source for novel immunotherapeutic strategies in this disease, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. Recently, satisfying clinical responses have been obtained in CLL patients using cord blood-derived CAR-NK cells, opening new possibilities for further exploring NK cells in the immunotherapy of CLL. However, notwithstanding the promising results of this clinical trial, more evidence is needed to fully understand whether and in which CLL cases NK cell-based immunotherapy may represent a valid, alternative/additional therapeutic option for this leukemia. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about phenotypic and functional alterations of NK cells in CLL and the mechanisms by which CLL cells circumvent NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Additionally, we discuss the potential relevance of using NK cells in CLL immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers
- Cell Communication
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Humans
- Immune System/immunology
- Immune System/metabolism
- Immunotherapy/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Ligands
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Natural Killer Cell/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sportoletti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Beatrice Del Papa
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Valerio Guarente
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Andrea Marra
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesco Maria Adamo
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Loredana Ruggeri
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Hematology, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (P.S.); (F.D.F.); (B.D.P.); (S.B.); (V.G.); (A.M.); (E.D.); (C.R.); (F.M.A.); (L.R.)
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Civile “Santo Spirito”, ASL Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
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203
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Huhn O, Zhao X, Esposito L, Moffett A, Colucci F, Sharkey AM. How Do Uterine Natural Killer and Innate Lymphoid Cells Contribute to Successful Pregnancy? Front Immunol 2021; 12:607669. [PMID: 34234770 PMCID: PMC8256162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most abundant immune cells in the uterine mucosa both before and during pregnancy. Circumstantial evidence suggests they play important roles in regulating placental development but exactly how they contribute to the successful outcome of pregnancy is still unclear. Uterine ILCs (uILCs) include subsets of tissue-resident natural killer (NK) cells and ILCs, and until recently the phenotype and functions of uILCs were poorly defined. Determining the specific roles of each subset is intrinsically challenging because of the rapidly changing nature of the tissue both during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and high dimensional flow and mass cytometry approaches have recently been used to analyse uILC populations in the uterus in both humans and mice. This detailed characterisation has significantly changed our understanding of the heterogeneity within the uILC compartment. It will also enable key clinical questions to be addressed including whether specific uILC subsets are altered in infertility, miscarriage and pregnancy disorders such as foetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia. Here, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of the phenotypic and functional diversity of uILCs in non-pregnant endometrium and first trimester decidua, and review how these cells may contribute to successful placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisín Huhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Esposito
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Colucci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Sharkey
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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204
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Mazzurana L, Bonfiglio F, Forkel M, D’Amato M, Halfvarson J, Mjösberg J. Crohn's Disease Is Associated With Activation of Circulating Innate Lymphoid Cells. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1128-1138. [PMID: 33295628 PMCID: PMC8205634 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with disturbed mucosal innate lymphoid cell (ILC) composition, which is correlated to the degree of intestinal inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether circulating ILCs are dysregulated in patients with IBD. METHODS Blood samples from 53 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 43 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 45 healthy control subjects (HC) were analyzed by flow cytometry for markers of ILC subsets (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC precursors [ILCp]) and selected IBD-relevant proteins, as predicted by previous genome-wide association studies. A dimensionality reduction approach to analyzing the data was used to characterize circulating ILCs. RESULTS The frequency of ILCp expressing the ILC3 activation markers NKp44 and CD56 was increased in CD versus HC and UC (NKp44) or in CD versus HC (CD56), whereas the CD45RA+ ILCp were reduced in CD versus UC. Furthermore, the activation marker HLA-DR was increased on ILC1 and ILC2 in CD versus HC. Interestingly, the IBD-related protein SLAMF1 was upregulated on ILC2 from both CD and UC samples as compared with HC samples. In active CD, SLAMF1+ ILC2 frequency was negatively correlated with disease severity (Harvey-Bradshaw index). The characterization of SLAMF1+ ILC2 revealed a higher expression of the ILC2 markers CRTH2, CD161, and GATA3 as compared with SLAMF1- ILC2. CONCLUSIONS In line with the systemic nature of CD inflammation, our findings point toward the activation of ILCs in the blood of patients with CD. Furthermore, in active CD, circulating SLAMF1+ ILC2 are increased in patients with less active disease, introducing SLAMF1+ ILC2 as interesting therapeutic targets deserving further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mazzurana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferdinando Bonfiglio
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Forkel
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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205
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STING Gain-of-Function Disrupts Lymph Node Organogenesis and Innate Lymphoid Cell Development in Mice. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107771. [PMID: 32553167 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STING gain-of-function causes autoimmunity and immunodeficiency in mice and STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) in humans. Here, we report that STING gain-of-function in mice prevents development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We show that the absence of secondary lymphoid organs is associated with diminished numbers of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Although wild-type (WT) α4β7+ progenitors differentiate efficiently into LTi cells, STING gain-of-function progenitors do not. Furthermore, STING gain-of-function impairs development of all types of ILCs. Patients with STING gain-of-function mutations have fewer ILCs, although they still have lymph nodes. In mice, expression of the STING mutant in RORγT-positive lineages prevents development of lymph nodes and reduces numbers of LTi cells. RORγT lineage-specific expression of STING gain-of-function also causes lung disease. Since RORγT is expressed exclusively in LTi cells during fetal development, our findings suggest that STING gain-of-function prevents lymph node organogenesis by reducing LTi cell numbers in mice.
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206
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Diversity, localization, and (patho)physiology of mature lymphocyte populations in the bone marrow. Blood 2021; 137:3015-3026. [PMID: 33684935 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is responsible for generating and maintaining lifelong output of blood and immune cells. In addition to its key hematopoietic function, the BM acts as an important lymphoid organ, hosting a large variety of mature lymphocyte populations, including B cells, T cells, natural killer T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. Many of these cell types are thought to visit the BM only transiently, but for others, like plasma cells and memory T cells, the BM provides supportive niches that promote their long-term survival. Interestingly, accumulating evidence points toward an important role for mature lymphocytes in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoiesis in health and disease. In this review, we describe the diversity, migration, localization, and function of mature lymphocyte populations in murine and human BM, focusing on their role in immunity and hematopoiesis. We also address how various BM lymphocyte subsets contribute to the development of aplastic anemia and immune thrombocytopenia, illustrating the complexity of these BM disorders and the underlying similarities and differences in their disease pathophysiology. Finally, we summarize the interactions between mature lymphocytes and BM resident cells in HSC transplantation and graft-versus-host disease. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which mature lymphocyte populations regulate BM function will likely improve future therapies for patients with benign and malignant hematologic disorders.
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207
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Liu B, Liu N, Zhu X, Yang L, Ye B, Li H, Zhu P, Lu T, Tian Y, Fan Z. Circular RNA circZbtb20 maintains ILC3 homeostasis and function via Alkbh5-dependent m 6A demethylation of Nr4a1 mRNA. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1412-1424. [PMID: 33911218 PMCID: PMC8166869 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) play critical roles in innate immunity and gut homeostasis. However, how ILC3 homeostasis is regulated remains elusive. Here, we identified a novel circular RNA, circZbtb20, that is highly expressed in ILC3s and required for their maintenance and function. CircZbtb20 deletion causes reduced ILC3 numbers, increasing susceptibility to C. rodentium infection. Mechanistically, circZbtb20 enhances the interaction of Alkbh5 with Nr4a1 mRNA, leading to ablation of the m6A modification of Nr4a1 mRNA to promote its stability. Nr4a1 initiates Notch2 signaling activation, which contributes to the maintenance of ILC3 homeostasis. Deletion of Alkbh5 or Nr4a1 also impairs ILC3 homeostasis and increases susceptibilities to bacterial infection. Thus, our findings reveal an important role of circular RNA in the regulation of innate lymphoid cell homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Demethylation
- Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology
- Homeostasis
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA Stability
- RNA, Circular/genetics
- RNA, Circular/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Notch2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liuliu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buqing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huimu Li
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zusen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of CAS, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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208
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Roberts LB, Jowett GM, Read E, Zabinski T, Berkachy R, Selkirk ME, Jackson I, Niazi U, Anandagoda N, Araki M, Araki K, Kasturiarachchi J, James C, Enver T, Nimmo R, Reis R, Howard JK, Neves JF, Lord GM. MicroRNA-142 Critically Regulates Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Homeostasis and Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2725-2739. [PMID: 34021046 PMCID: PMC7610861 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-142 isoforms critically regulate ILC2 homeostasis and effector functions. MicroRNA-142 isoforms regulate the ILC2 lineage cell intrinsically. Socs1 and Gfi1 are miR-142 isoform regulated targets in ILC2s.
Innate lymphoid cells are central to the regulation of immunity at mucosal barrier sites, with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) being particularly important in type 2 immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that microRNA(miR)-142 plays a critical, cell-intrinsic role in the homeostasis and function of ILC2s. Mice deficient for miR-142 expression demonstrate an ILC2 progenitor–biased development in the bone marrow, and along with peripheral ILC2s at mucosal sites, these cells display a greatly altered phenotype based on surface marker expression. ILC2 proliferative and effector functions are severely dysfunctional following Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, revealing a critical role for miR-142 isoforms in ILC2-mediated immune responses. Mechanistically, Socs1 and Gfi1 expression are regulated by miR-142 isoforms in ILC2s, impacting ILC2 phenotypes as well as the proliferative and effector capacity of these cells. The identification of these novel pathways opens potential new avenues to modulate ILC2-dependent immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geraldine M Jowett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD program, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Read
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Cell Therapies and Regenerative Medicine PhD program, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Zabinski
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Berkachy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Murray E Selkirk
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Jackson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umar Niazi
- Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre Translational Bioinformatics Platform, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nelomi Anandagoda
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masatake Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jagath Kasturiarachchi
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chela James
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Enver
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Nimmo
- University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Reis
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Joana F Neves
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; .,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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209
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Poonpanichakul T, Chan-In W, Opasawatchai A, Loison F, Matangkasombut O, Charoensawan V, Matangkasombut P. Innate Lymphoid Cells Activation and Transcriptomic Changes in Response to Human Dengue Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:599805. [PMID: 34079535 PMCID: PMC8165392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.599805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection has a global impact on public health. The clinical outcomes (of DENV) can vary from a flu-like illness called dengue fever (DF), to a more severe form, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The underlying innate immune mechanisms leading to protective or detrimental outcomes have not been fully elucidated. Helper innate lymphoid cells (hILCs), an innate lymphocyte recently discovered, functionally resemble T-helper cells and are important in inflammation and homeostasis. However, the role of hILCs in DENV infection had been unexplored. Methods We performed flow cytometry to investigate the frequency and phenotype of hILCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from DENV-infected patients of different disease severities (DF and DHF), and at different phases (febrile and convalescence) of infection. Intracellular cytokine staining of hILCs from DF and DHF were also evaluated by flow cytometry after ex vivo stimulation. Further, the hILCs were sorted and subjected to transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression analysis was performed to compare the febrile and convalescent phase samples in DF and DHF. Selected differentially expressed genes were then validated by quantitative PCR. Results Phenotypic analysis showed marked activation of all three hILC subsets during the febrile phase as shown by higher CD69 expression when compared to paired convalescent samples, although the frequency of hILCs remained unchanged. Upon ex vivo stimulation, hILCs from febrile phase DHF produced significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-4 when compared to those of DF. Transcriptomic analysis showed unique hILCs gene expression in DF and DHF, suggesting that divergent functions of hILCs may be associated with different disease severities. Differential gene expression analysis indicated that hILCs function both in cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity during the febrile phase of DENV infection. Conclusions Helper ILCs are activated in the febrile phase of DENV infection and display unique transcriptomic changes as well as cytokine production that correlate with severity. Targeting hILCs during early innate response to DENV might help shape subsequent immune responses and potentially lessen the disease severity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiraput Poonpanichakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Chan-In
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anunya Opasawatchai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Fabien Loison
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Research Unit on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Integrative Computational BioScience Center (ICBS), Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Ponpan Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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210
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Abortive γδTCR rearrangements suggest ILC2s are derived from T-cell precursors. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5362-5372. [PMID: 33137203 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified subset of leukocytes that play a central role in pathogen surveillance and resistance, modulation of immune response, and tissue repair. They are remarkably similar to CD4+ T-helper subsets in terms of function and transcription factors required for their development but are distinguished by their lack of antigen-specific receptors. Despite their similarities, the absence of a surface T-cell receptor (TCR) and presence of ILCs and precursors in adult bone marrow has led to speculation that ILCs and T cells develop separately from lineages that branch at the point of precursors within the bone marrow. Considering the common lineage markers and effector cytokine profiles shared between ILCs and T cells, it is surprising that the status of the TCR loci in ILCs was not fully explored at the time of their discovery. Here, we demonstrate that a high proportion of peripheral tissue ILC2s have TCRγ chain gene rearrangements and TCRδ locus deletions. Detailed analyses of these loci show abundant frameshifts and premature stop codons that would encode nonfunctional TCR proteins. Collectively, these data argue that ILC2 can develop from T cells that fail to appropriately rearrange TCR genes, potentially within the thymus.
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211
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Mirpuri J. The emerging role of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the neonate: interaction with the maternal and neonatal microbiome. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab009. [PMID: 34151271 PMCID: PMC8208228 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for host defense and are notably important in the context of the newborn when adaptive immunity is immature. There is an increasing evidence that development and function of group 3 ILCs (ILC3) can be modulated by the maternal and neonatal microbiome and is involved in neonatal disease pathogenesis. In this review, we explore the evidence that supports a critical role for ILC3 in resistance to infection and disease pathogenesis in the newborn, with a focus on microbial factors that modulate ILC3 function. We then briefly explore opportunities for research that are focused on the fetus and newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mirpuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Suite F3.302, Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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212
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Shin SB, McNagny KM. ILC-You in the Thymus: A Fresh Look at Innate Lymphoid Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681110. [PMID: 34025680 PMCID: PMC8136430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revolutionized our understanding of innate immunity and immune cell interactions at epithelial barrier sites. Their presence and maintenance are critical for modulating immune homeostasis, responding to injury or infection, and repairing damaged tissues. To date, ILCs have been defined by a set of transcription factors, surface antigens and cytokines, and their functions resemble those of three major classes of helper T cell subsets, Th1, Th2 and Th17. Despite this, the lack of antigen-specific surface receptors and the notion that ILCs can develop in the absence of the thymic niche have clearly set them apart from the T-cell lineage and promulgated a dogma that ILCs develop directly from progenitors in the bone marrow. Interestingly however, emerging studies have challenged the BM-centric view of adult ILC development and suggest that ILCs could arise neonatally from developing T cell progenitors. In this review, we discuss ILC development in parallel to T-cell development and summarize key findings that support a T-cell-centric view of ILC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Shin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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213
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Vanderkerken M, Baptista AP, De Giovanni M, Fukuyama S, Browaeys R, Scott CL, Norris PS, Eberl G, Di Santo JP, Vivier E, Saeys Y, Hammad H, Cyster JG, Ware CF, Tumanov AV, De Trez C, Lambrecht BN. ILC3s control splenic cDC homeostasis via lymphotoxin signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20190835. [PMID: 33724364 PMCID: PMC7970251 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spleen contains a myriad of conventional dendritic cell (cDC) subsets that protect against systemic pathogen dissemination by bridging antigen detection to the induction of adaptive immunity. How cDC subsets differentiate in the splenic environment is poorly understood. Here, we report that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s, together with B cells, control the splenic cDC niche size and the terminal differentiation of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s, independently of the microbiota and of bone marrow pre-cDC output. Whereas the size of the splenic cDC niche depended on lymphotoxin signaling only during a restricted time frame, the homeostasis of Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s required continuous lymphotoxin input. This latter property made Sirpα+CD4+Esam+ cDC2s uniquely susceptible to pharmacological interventions with LTβR agonists and antagonists and to ILC reconstitution strategies. Together, our findings demonstrate that LTα1β2-expressing Rorgt+ ILC3s drive splenic cDC differentiation and highlight the critical role of ILC3s as perpetual regulators of lymphoid tissue homeostasis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Immunity, Innate
- Lymphoid Tissue/cytology
- Lymphoid Tissue/immunology
- Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/immunology
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vanderkerken
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio P. Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco De Giovanni
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robin Browaeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L. Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paula S. Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1224, Paris, France
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d’Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jason G. Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Carl F. Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carl De Trez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart N. Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGhent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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214
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McFarland AP, Yalin A, Wang SY, Cortez VS, Landsberger T, Sudan R, Peng V, Miller HL, Ricci B, David E, Faccio R, Amit I, Colonna M. Multi-tissue single-cell analysis deconstructs the complex programs of mouse natural killer and type 1 innate lymphoid cells in tissues and circulation. Immunity 2021; 54:1320-1337.e4. [PMID: 33945787 PMCID: PMC8312473 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are heterogenous innate lymphocytes broadly defined in mice as Lin-NK1.1+NKp46+ cells that express the transcription factor T-BET and produce interferon-γ. The ILC1 definition primarily stems from studies on liver and small intestinal populations. However, NK1.1+NKp46+ cells in the salivary glands, uterus, adipose, and other tissues exhibit nonuniform programs that differ from those of liver or intestinal ILC1s or NK cells. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on murine NK1.1+NKp46+ cells from blood, spleen, various tissues, and solid tumors. We identified gene expression programs of tissue-specific ILC1s, tissue-specific NK cells, and non-tissue-specific populations in blood, spleen, and other tissues largely corresponding to circulating cells. Moreover, we found that circulating NK cell programs were reshaped in tumor-bearing mice. Core programs of circulating and tumor NK cells paralleled conserved human NK cells signatures, advancing our understanding of the human NK-ILC1 spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle P McFarland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam Yalin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shuang-Yin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Victor S Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tomer Landsberger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Children's Hospital in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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215
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Ghaedi M, Takei F. Innate lymphoid cell development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1549-1560. [PMID: 33965092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) mainly reside at barrier surfaces and regulate tissue homeostasis and immunity. ILCs are divided into 3 groups, group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILC3, on the basis of their similar effector programs to T cells. The development of ILCs from lymphoid progenitors in adult mouse bone marrow has been studied in detail, and multiple ILC progenitors have been characterized. ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells that develop in the perinatal period. More recently, ILC progenitors have also been identified in peripheral tissues. In this review, we discuss the stepwise transcription factor-directed differentiation of mouse ILC progenitors into mature ILCs, the critical time windows in ILC development, and the contribution of bone marrow versus tissue ILC progenitors to the pool of mature ILCs in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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216
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Muraoka WT, Korchagina AA, Xia Q, Shein SA, Jing X, Lai Z, Weldon K, Wang LJ, Chen Y, Kummer LW, Mohrs M, Vivier E, Koroleva EP, Tumanov AV. Campylobacter infection promotes IFNγ-dependent intestinal pathology via ILC3 to ILC1 conversion. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:703-716. [PMID: 33214656 PMCID: PMC8084871 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00353-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous family of immune regulators that protect against mucosal pathogens but can also promote intestinal pathology. Although the plasticity between ILCs populations has been described, the role of mucosal pathogens in inducing ILC conversion leading to intestinal pathology remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that IFNγ-producing ILCs are responsible for promoting intestinal pathology in a mouse model of enterocolitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni, a common human enteric pathogen. Phenotypic analysis revealed a distinct population of IFNγ-producing NK1.1-T-bet+ILCs that accumulated in the intestine of C. jejuni-infected mice. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated their capacity to promote intestinal pathology. Inactivation of T-bet in NKp46+ ILCs ameliorated disease. Transcriptome analysis and cell-fate mapping experiments revealed that IFNγ-producing NK1.1-ILCs correspond to ILC1 profile and develop from RORγt+ progenitors. Collectively, we identified a distinct population of NK1.1-ex-ILC3s that promotes intestinal pathology through IFNγ production in response to C. jejuni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne T. Muraoka
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, USA,Contributed equally,Current address: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Contributed equally
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, USA,Current address: Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xi Jing
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Korri Weldon
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Li-Ju Wang
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Markus Mohrs
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY, USA,Current address: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma and Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Ekaterina P. Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA,Correspondence: Alexei Tumanov (), 7703 Floyd Curl Dr. San Antonio, TX 78229, (210) 450-8157
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217
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NK cell and ILC heterogeneity in colorectal cancer. New perspectives from high dimensional data. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 80:100967. [PMID: 33941383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and tissue-resident natural killer (NK) cells ensure immunity at environmental interfaces and help maintain barrier integrity of the intestinal tract. This wide range of innate lymphocytes is able to provide fast and potent inflammatory responses that, when deregulated, have been associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). While the presence of tumor-infiltrating NK cells is generally associated with a favorable outcome in CRC patients, emerging evidence reveals distinct roles for ILCs in regulating CRC pathogenesis and progression. Advances in next generation sequencing technology, and in particular of single-cell RNA-seq approaches, along with multidimensional flow cytometry analysis, have helped to deconvolute the complexity and heterogeneity of the ILC system both in homeostatic and pathological contexts. In this review, we discuss the protective and detrimental roles of NK cells and ILCs in the pathogenesis of CRC, focusing on the phenotypic and transcriptional modifications these cells undergo during CRC development and progression.
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218
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Huang J, Lee HY, Zhao X, Han J, Su Y, Sun Q, Shao J, Ge J, Zhao Y, Bai X, He Y, Wang X, Wang X, Dong C. Interleukin-17D regulates group 3 innate lymphoid cell function through its receptor CD93. Immunity 2021; 54:673-686.e4. [PMID: 33852831 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-17 family, consisting of six members, promotes host defense but can in some context promote the development of autoimmune disease. Here, we examined the role of IL-17D, a poorly understood member in the IL-17 family. IL-17D was expressed primarily by colonic epithelial cells. Il17d-/- mice were more susceptible to acute colitis, bacterial infection and experimentally induced colon cancer than their wildtype counterparts. Il17d deficiency impaired IL-22 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) and reduced expression of IL-22-dependent antimicrobial peptides, RegIIIβ and RegIIIγ, in colon tissue at steady state and in colitis; this was associated with changes in microbial composition and dysbiosis. Protein purification studies revealed that IL-17D bound not canonical IL-17 receptors, but rather CD93, a glycoprotein expressed on mature ILC3s. Mice lacking Cd93 in ILC3s exhibited impaired IL-22 production and aggravated colonic inflammation in experimental colitis. Thus, an IL-17D-CD93 axis regulates ILC3 function to preserve intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Huang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hae-Youn Lee
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinyi Han
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Su
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qinli Sun
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiwan Ge
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi He
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai 200127, China.
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219
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Piperoglou C, Larid G, Vallentin B, Balligand L, Crinier A, Banzet N, Farnarier C, Gomez-Massa E, Adalia AC, Michel G, Galambrun C, Barlogis V, Vivier E, Vély F. Innate lymphoid cell recovery and occurrence of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:161-172. [PMID: 33847423 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5a1019-522rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are essential for microbial immunity, tumor surveillance, and tissue homeostasis. However, the in vivo development and function of helper-like innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in humans remain much less well understood than those of T, B, and NK cells. We monitored hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to determine the kinetics of ILC development in both children and adults. It was found that, unlike NK cells, helper-like ILCs recovered slowly, mirroring the pattern observed for T cells, with normalization achieved at 1 year. The type of graft and the proportion of CD34+ cells in the graft did not significantly affect ILC reconstitution. As HSCT is often complicated by acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the potential role of ILC subsets in maintaining tissue integrity in these conditions was also analyzed. It was found that GVHD was associated with lower levels of activated and gut-homing NKp44+ ILCP, consistent with a non-redundant role of this ILC subset in preventing this life-threatening disorder in lymphopenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Piperoglou
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Larid
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Blandine Vallentin
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Balligand
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Marseille, France
| | | | - Nathalie Banzet
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Farnarier
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
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- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France
| | - Gérard Michel
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Galambrun
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Barlogis
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Hématologie et Oncologie Pédiatrique, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Vély
- APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Service d'Immunologie, Marseille-Immunopole, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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220
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Blanquart E, Laffont S, Guéry JC. Sex hormone regulation of innate lymphoid cells. Biomed J 2021; 44:144-156. [PMID: 33888441 PMCID: PMC8178548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets at barrier surfaces contribute to maintain tissue homeostasis and appropriate responses to infection. ILCs respond to environmental factors produced by non-hematopoietic cells within tissues, but also circulating cytokines or dietary compounds which allow them to adapt to organ milieu. Among these extrinsic signals, evidence is emerging that sex steroid hormones may act in a cell-intrinsic manner to regulate the development, maintenance in tissues and effector functions of specific subsets of ILCs. Understanding the nature and molecular mechanisms of sex steroid hormone actions on ILCs is important to unravel the cause of sexual disparity in human diseases and could lead to new drug development for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases or cancers. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the cell-intrinsic actions of sex steroid hormones on ILCs and their consequences on tissue-specific immunity with a particular focus on group 2 innate lymphoid cells and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Blanquart
- Physiopathology Center of Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France
| | - Sophie Laffont
- Physiopathology Center of Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- Physiopathology Center of Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), University of Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, 31300, France.
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221
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Ebihara T, Tatematsu M, Fuchimukai A, Yamada T, Yamagata K, Takasuga S, Yamada T. Trained innate lymphoid cells in allergic diseases. Allergol Int 2021; 70:174-180. [PMID: 33328130 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) reside in peripheral tissues such as the lungs, skin, nasal cavity, and gut and provoke innate type 2 immunity against allergen exposure, parasitic worm infection, and respiratory virus infection by producing TH2 cytokines. Recent advances in understanding ILC2 biology revealed that ILC2s can be trained by IL-33 or allergic inflammation, are long-lived, and mount memory-like type 2 immune responses to any other allergens afterwards. In contrast, IL-33, together with retinoic acid, induces IL-10-producing immunosuppressive ILC2s. In this review, we discuss how the allergic cytokine milieu and other immune cells direct the generation of trained ILC2s with immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive recall capability in allergic diseases and infections associated with type 2 immunity. The molecular mechanisms of trained immunity by ILCs and the physiological relevance of trained ILC2s are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Megumi Tatematsu
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Akane Fuchimukai
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kenki Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takasuga
- Department of Medical Biology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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222
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van de Pavert SA. Lymphoid Tissue inducer (LTi) cell ontogeny and functioning in embryo and adult. Biomed J 2021; 44:123-132. [PMID: 33849806 PMCID: PMC8178546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) are involved in homeostasis and immunity. Their dynamic differentiation and characterization depend on their tissue of residency and is adapted to their role within these tissues. Lymphoid Tissue inducer (LTi) cells are an ILC member and essential for embryonic lymph node (LN) formation. LNs are formed at pre-defined and strategic positions throughout the body and how LTi cells are initially attracted towards these areas is under debate. Besides their role in LN formation, LTi-like and the closely related ILC type 3 (ILC3) cells have been observed within the embryonic gut. New studies have now shown more information on their origin and differentiation within the embryo. This review will evaluate the embryonic LTi cell origin from a specific embryonic hemogenic wave, which has recently been described in mouse. Moreover, I will discuss their differentiation and similarities with the closely related ILC3 cells in embryo and adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A van de Pavert
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Marseille, France.
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223
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Bielecki P, Riesenfeld SJ, Hütter JC, Triglia ET, Kowalczyk MS, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Lian M, Vesely MCA, Kroehling L, Xu H, Slyper M, Muus C, Ludwig LS, Christian E, Tao L, Kedaigle AJ, Steach HR, York AG, Skadow MH, Yaghoubi P, Dionne D, Jarret A, McGee HM, Porter CBM, Licona-Limón P, Bailis W, Jackson R, Gagliani N, Gasteiger G, Locksley RM, Regev A, Flavell RA. Skin-resident innate lymphoid cells converge on a pathogenic effector state. Nature 2021; 592:128-132. [PMID: 33536623 PMCID: PMC8336632 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) help sustain barrier function and respond to local signals. ILCs are traditionally classified as ILC1, ILC2 or ILC3 on the basis of their expression of specific transcription factors and cytokines1. In the skin, disease-specific production of ILC3-associated cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22 in response to IL-23 signalling contributes to dermal inflammation in psoriasis. However, it is not known whether this response is initiated by pre-committed ILCs or by cell-state transitions. Here we show that the induction of psoriasis in mice by IL-23 or imiquimod reconfigures a spectrum of skin ILCs, which converge on a pathogenic ILC3-like state. Tissue-resident ILCs were necessary and sufficient, in the absence of circulatory ILCs, to drive pathology. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles of skin ILCs along a time course of psoriatic inflammation formed a dense transcriptional continuum-even at steady state-reflecting fluid ILC states, including a naive or quiescent-like state and an ILC2 effector state. Upon disease induction, the continuum shifted rapidly to span a mixed, ILC3-like subset also expressing cytokines characteristic of ILC2s, which we inferred as arising through multiple trajectories. We confirmed the transition potential of quiescent-like and ILC2 states using in vitro experiments, single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) and in vivo fate mapping. Our results highlight the range and flexibility of skin ILC responses, suggesting that immune activities primed in healthy tissues dynamically adapt to provocations and, left unchecked, drive pathological remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bielecki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Celsius Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Samantha J. Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Correspondence to: A.R , R.A.F , P.B , and S.J.R
| | - Jan-Christian Hütter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Elena Torlai Triglia
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Monika S. Kowalczyk
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Roberto R. Ricardo-Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA, Department of Medicine, Sandler Asthma Research Center University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mi Lian
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria C. Amezcua Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Lina Kroehling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michal Slyper
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Christoph Muus
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Leif S. Ludwig
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Elena Christian
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Liming Tao
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda J. Kedaigle
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Holly R. Steach
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Autumn G. York
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mathias H. Skadow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Parastou Yaghoubi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Abigail Jarret
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Heather M. McGee
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline B. M. Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge MA 02142, USA
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510
| | - Will Bailis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Division of Protective Immunity, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany, Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Department of Medicine, Sandler Asthma Research Center University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. .,Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Correspondence to: A.R , R.A.F , P.B , and S.J.R
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224
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Fernando N, Sciumè G, O'Shea JJ, Shih HY. Multi-Dimensional Gene Regulation in Innate and Adaptive Lymphocytes: A View From Regulomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:655590. [PMID: 33841440 PMCID: PMC8034253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.655590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise control of cytokine production by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their T cell adaptive system counterparts is critical to mounting a proper host defense immune response without inducing collateral damage and autoimmunity. Unlike T cells that differentiate into functionally divergent subsets upon antigen recognition, ILCs are developmentally programmed to rapidly respond to environmental signals in a polarized manner, without the need of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The specification of cytokine production relies on dynamic regulation of cis-regulatory elements that involve multi-dimensional epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, transcription factor binding, histone modification and DNA-DNA interactions that form chromatin loops. How these different layers of gene regulation coordinate with each other to fine tune cytokine production, and whether ILCs and their T cell analogs utilize the same regulatory strategy, remain largely unknown. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell identity and functionality of helper T cells and ILCs, focusing on networks of transcription factors and cis-regulatory elements. We discuss how higher-order chromatin architecture orchestrates these components to construct lineage- and state-specific regulomes that support ordered immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilisha Fernando
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - John J O'Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Han-Yu Shih
- Neuro-Immune Regulome Unit, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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225
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Abstract
Since their relatively recent discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been shown to be tissue-resident lymphocytes that are critical mediators of tissue homeostasis, regeneration, and pathogen response. However, ILC dysregulation contributes to a diverse spectrum of human diseases, spanning virtually every organ system. ILCs rapidly respond to environmental cues by altering their own phenotype and function as well as influencing the behavior of other local tissue-resident cells. With a growing understanding of ILC biology, investigators continue to elucidate mechanisms that expand our ability to phenotype, isolate, target, and expand ILCs ex vivo. With mounting preclinical data and clinical correlates, the role of ILCs in both disease pathogenesis and resolution is evident, justifying ILC manipulation for clinical benefit. This Review will highlight areas of ongoing translational research and critical questions for future study that will enable us to harness the full therapeutic potential of these captivating cells.
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226
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Kumar V. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Adaptive Immune Cells Cross-Talk: A Secret Talk Revealed in Immune Homeostasis and Different Inflammatory Conditions. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 40:217-251. [PMID: 33733998 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1895145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory immune response has evolved to protect the host from different pathogens, allergens, and endogenous death or damage-associated molecular patterns. Both innate and adaptive immune components are crucial in inducing an inflammatory immune response depending on the stimulus type and its duration of exposure or the activation of the primary innate immune response. As the source of inflammation is removed, the aggravated immune response comes to its homeostatic level. However, the failure of the inflammatory immune response to subside to its normal level generates chronic inflammatory conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly discovered innate immune cells, which are present in abundance at mucosal surfaces, including lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and reproductive tract. Also, they are present in peripheral blood circulation, skin, and lymph nodes. They play a crucial role in generating the pro-inflammatory immune response during diverse conditions. On the other hand, adaptive immune cells, including different types of T and B cells are major players in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.) and cancers. Thus the article is designed to discuss the immunological role of different ILCs and their interaction with adaptive immune cells in maintaining the immune homeostasis, and during inflammatory autoimmune diseases along with other inflammatory conditions (excluding pathogen-induced inflammation), including cancer, graft-versus-host diseases, and human pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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227
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Liu S, Liu Q, Xie H, Li M, Wang F, Shen J, Liu M, Ren C, Hou X. Imbalance of uterine innate lymphoid cells is involved in the abnormal pregnancy induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103312. [PMID: 33770728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite that causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical mediators of mucosal immunity, and have been reported to play an important role in uterine vascular adaptation for successful pregnancy. However, the specific role of ILCs in T. gondii-infection-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes remains elusive. In the present study, we found that T. gondii infection caused the imbalance of uterine ILC cells (uILCs). It was characterized by substantially lower expression of the transcription factor GATA-3 and RORγt and higher expression of T-bet in uILCs. Consistent with the transcription factor changes, uILCs from T. gondii-infected mice produced much less IL-5 and IL-17 and substantially more IFN-γ and TNF-α than did uILCs from uninfected mice. Notably, IL-12, IL-18, and their receptors were increased in the uterus of T. gondii-infected mice. In vitro experiments showed that IL-12 and IL-18 treatment reduced the percentages of uILC2 and uILC3 and increased the percentages of uILC1. Conclusion, our data suggest that alterations in uILC composition may disrupt the balance of immune microenvironment after T. gondii infection and contribute to the adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Xie
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Minmin Li
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jijia Shen
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Cuiping Ren
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin Hou
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
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228
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Miyazaki K, Miyazaki M. The Interplay Between Chromatin Architecture and Lineage-Specific Transcription Factors and the Regulation of Rag Gene Expression. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659761. [PMID: 33796120 PMCID: PMC8007930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell type-specific gene expression is driven through the interplay between lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) and the chromatin architecture, such as topologically associating domains (TADs), and enhancer-promoter interactions. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the cell fate decisions and cell type-specific functions, it is important to understand the interplay between chromatin architectures and TFs. Among enhancers, super-enhancers (SEs) play key roles in establishing cell identity. Adaptive immunity depends on the RAG-mediated assembly of antigen recognition receptors. Hence, regulation of the Rag1 and Rag2 (Rag1/2) genes is a hallmark of adaptive lymphoid lineage commitment. Here, we review the current knowledge of 3D genome organization, SE formation, and Rag1/2 gene regulation during B cell and T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medial Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medial Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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229
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Yang F, Luo X, Zhu W, Li J, Zheng Z, Zhu P. Dysregulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis and Mice with Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:1915068. [PMID: 33688303 PMCID: PMC7920742 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1915068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have roles in many diseases and immune pathways. To determine the roles of these cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), we measured ILC subsets using flow cytometry and multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Patients with stable RA had greater proportions of ILC2s and decreased proportions of ILC1s and ILC3s (all p < 0.05). The 28-joint disease activity (DAS28) score had positive correlations with the proportion of ILC1s and negative correlations with ILC2s (both p < 0.05). ILC2s of patients with RA expressed more IL-4 than healthy controls (p < 0.05). The proportions of ILC1s and ILC2s were greater in mice with CIA (both p < 0.05), especially the ILC2s in mice without arthritis after immunization and had correlations with multiple inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining described the distribution of ILCs in spleen tissues. Our results indicate that dysregulation of ILCs occurs during the pathogenesis of RA and CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfan Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaohui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032 Shaanxi, China
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230
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Michieletto MF, Henao-Mejia J. Ontogeny and heterogeneity of innate lymphoid cells and the noncoding genome. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:152-166. [PMID: 33559175 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery a decade ago, it has become evident that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play critical roles in protective immune responses against intracellular and extracellular pathogens but are also central regulators of epithelial barrier integrity and tissue homeostasis. ILCs populate almost every tissue in mammalian organisms; therefore, not surprisingly, dysregulation of their functions contributes to the development and progression of multiple inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Our knowledge of the transcriptional programs governing the development, differentiation, and functions of the different groups of ILCs has increased dramatically in the last ten years. However, with the advent of new technologies, an unprecedented level of heterogeneity, plasticity, and developmental complexity has started to be revealed. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of ILC development and their biological functions. In particular, we aim to emphasize how our increasing knowledge of the chromatin landscape and the noncoding genome of these innate lymphocytes is allowing us to better understand their development and functions in different contexts during homeostasis and inflammation. Moreover, we propose that the design of more refined genetic tools to study tissue-specific ILCs and their functions can be accomplished by leveraging our understanding of how specific noncoding elements of the genome regulate gene expression in ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël F Michieletto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Division of Protective Immunity, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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231
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Kang J, Loh K, Belyayev L, Cha P, Sadat M, Khan K, Gusev Y, Bhuvaneshwar K, Ressom H, Moturi S, Kaiser J, Hawksworth J, Robson SC, Matsumoto CS, Zasloff M, Fishbein TM, Kroemer A. Type 3 innate lymphoid cells are associated with a successful intestinal transplant. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:787-797. [PMID: 32594614 PMCID: PMC8049507 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play fundamental roles in mucosal barrier functionality and tissue homeostasis, ILC-related mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier function, homeostatic regulation, and graft rejection in intestinal transplantation (ITx) patients have yet to be thoroughly defined. We found protective type 3 NKp44+ ILCs (ILC3s) to be significantly diminished in newly transplanted allografts, compared to allografts at 6 months, whereas proinflammatory type 1 NKp44- ILCs (ILC1s) were higher. Moreover, serial immunomonitoring revealed that in healthy allografts, protective ILC3s repopulate by 2-4 weeks postoperatively, but in rejecting allografts they remain diminished. Intracellular cytokine staining confirmed that NKp44+ ILC3 produced protective interleukin-22 (IL-22), whereas ILC1s produced proinflammatory interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Our findings about the paucity of protective ILC3s immediately following transplant and their repopulation in healthy allografts during the first month following transplant were confirmed by RNA-sequencing analyses of serial ITx biopsies. Overall, our findings show that ILCs may play a key role in regulating ITx graft homeostasis and could serve as sentinels for early recognition of allograft rejection and be targets for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiman Kang
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Katrina Loh
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007,Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington DC, 20010
| | - Leonid Belyayev
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD, 20814
| | - Priscilla Cha
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD, 20814
| | - Mohammed Sadat
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Khalid Khan
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW, Suite 110, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, 2115 Wisconsin Ave NW, Suite 110, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Habtom Ressom
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 4000 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Sangeetha Moturi
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Jason Kaiser
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD, 20814
| | - Jason Hawksworth
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD, 20814
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, CLS 612, 330 Brookline Avenue, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115
| | - Cal S. Matsumoto
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Michael Zasloff
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Thomas M. Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Road NW, Washington DC, 20007
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232
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Huang Q, Jacquelot N, Preaudet A, Hediyeh-zadeh S, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, McKenzie ANJ, Hansbro PM, Davis MJ, Mielke LA, Putoczki TL, Belz GT. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect against Colorectal Cancer Progression and Predict Improved Patient Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:559. [PMID: 33535624 PMCID: PMC7867134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. While the role of adaptive T cells in CRC is now well established, the role of innate immune cells, specifically innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), is not well understood. To define the role of ILCs in CRC we employed complementary heterotopic and chemically-induced CRC mouse models. We discovered that ILCs were abundant in CRC tumours and contributed to anti-tumour immunity. We focused on ILC2 and showed that ILC2-deficient mice developed a higher tumour burden compared with littermate wild-type controls. We generated an ILC2 gene signature and using machine learning models revealed that CRC patients with a high intratumor ILC2 gene signature had a favourable clinical prognosis. Collectively, our results highlight a critical role for ILC2 in CRC, suggesting a potential new avenue to improve clinical outcomes through ILC2-agonist based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolas Jacquelot
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Adele Preaudet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-zadeh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Center for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and the School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia;
| | - Melissa J. Davis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa A. Mielke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg 3084, Australia
| | - Tracy L. Putoczki
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (Q.H.); (N.J.); (A.P.); (S.H.-z.); (M.J.D.); (L.A.M.); (T.L.P.)
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
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233
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Deng Y, Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang K, Zhang H, Hu H. Leaving no one behind: tracing every human thymocyte by single-cell RNA-sequencing. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:29-43. [PMID: 33449155 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is the primary organ for T-cell development, providing an essential microenvironment consisting of the appropriate cytokine milieu and specialized stromal cells. Thymus-seeding progenitors from circulation immigrate into the thymus and undergo the stepwise T-cell specification, commitment, and selection processes. The transcriptional factors, epigenetic regulators, and signaling pathways involved in the T-cell development have been intensively studied using mouse models. Despite our growing knowledge of T-cell development, major questions remain unanswered regarding the ontogeny and early events of T-cell development at the fetal stage, especially in humans. The recently developed single-cell RNA-sequencing technique provides an ideal tool to investigate the heterogeneity of T-cell precursors and the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent fates of certain T-cell precursors at the single-cell level. In this review, we aim to summarize the current progress of the study on human thymus organogenesis and thymocyte and thymic epithelial cell development, which is to shed new lights on developing novel strategies for in vitro T-cell regeneration and thymus rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Keyue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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234
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Baban B, Braun M, Khodadadi H, Ward A, Alverson K, Malik A, Nguyen K, Nazarian S, Hess DC, Forseen S, Post AF, Vale FL, Vender JR, Hoda MN, Akbari O, Vaibhav K, Dhandapani KM. AMPK induces regulatory innate lymphoid cells after traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2021; 6:126766. [PMID: 33427206 PMCID: PMC7821592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CNS is regarded as an immunoprivileged organ, evading routine immune surveillance; however, the coordinated development of immune responses profoundly influences outcomes after brain injury. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are cytokine-producing cells that are critical for the initiation, modulation, and resolution of inflammation, but the functional relevance and mechanistic regulation of ILCs are unexplored after acute brain injury. We demonstrate increased proliferation of all ILC subtypes within the meninges for up to 1 year after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) while ILCs were present within resected dura and elevated within cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of moderate-to-severe TBI patients. In line with energetic derangements after TBI, inhibition of the metabolic regulator, AMPK, increased meningeal ILC expansion, whereas AMPK activation suppressed proinflammatory ILC1/ILC3 and increased the frequency of IL-10-expressing ILC2 after TBI. Moreover, intracisternal administration of IL-33 activated AMPK, expanded ILC2, and suppressed ILC1 and ILC3 within the meninges of WT and Rag1-/- mice, but not Rag1-/- IL2rg-/- mice. Taken together, we identify AMPK as a brake on the expansion of proinflammatory, CNS-resident ILCs after brain injury. These findings establish a mechanistic framework whereby immunometabolic modulation of ILCs may direct the specificity, timing, and magnitude of cerebral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Surgery.,Department of Neurology
| | | | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology
| | | | | | - Aneeq Malik
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Skon Nazarian
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Scott Forseen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Md Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, and
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235
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Snyder LM, Denkers EY. From Initiators to Effectors: Roadmap Through the Intestine During Encounter of Toxoplasma gondii With the Mucosal Immune System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614701. [PMID: 33505924 PMCID: PMC7829212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is a major portal of entry for many pathogens, including the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Billions of people worldwide have acquired T. gondii at some point in their life, and for the vast majority this has led to latent infection in the central nervous system. The first line of host defense against Toxoplasma is located within the intestinal mucosa. Appropriate coordination of responses by the intestinal epithelium, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and lamina propria cells results in an inflammatory response that controls acute infection. Under some conditions, infection elicits bacterial dysbiosis and immune-mediated tissue damage in the intestine. Here, we discuss the complex interactions between the microbiota, the epithelium, as well as innate and adaptive immune cells in the intestinal mucosa that induce protective immunity, and that sometimes switch to inflammatory pathology as T. gondii encounters tissues of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Snyder
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Eric Y Denkers
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology and Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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236
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Mahapatro M, Erkert L, Becker C. Cytokine-Mediated Crosstalk between Immune Cells and Epithelial Cells in the Gut. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010111. [PMID: 33435303 PMCID: PMC7827439 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are small proteins that are secreted by a vast majority of cell types in the gut. They not only establish cell-to-cell interactions and facilitate cellular signaling, but also regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby playing a central role in genetic, inflammatory, and infectious diseases of the gut. Both, immune cells and gut epithelial cells, play important roles in intestinal disease development. The epithelium is located in between the mucosal immune system and the gut microbiome. It not only establishes an efficient barrier against gut microbes, but it also signals information from the gut lumen and its composition to the immune cell compartment. Communication across the epithelial cell layer also occurs in the other direction. Intestinal epithelial cells respond to immune cell cytokines and their response influences and shapes the microbial community within the gut lumen. Thus, the epithelium should be seen as a translator or a moderator between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system. Proper communication across the epithelium seems to be a key to gut homeostasis. Indeed, current genome-wide association studies for intestinal disorders have identified several disease susceptibility loci, which map cytokine signatures and their related signaling genes. A thorough understanding of this tightly regulated cytokine signaling network is crucial. The main objective of this review was to shed light on how cytokines can orchestrate epithelial functions such as proliferation, cell death, permeability, microbe interaction, and barrier maintenance, thereby safeguarding host health. In addition, cytokine-mediated therapy for inflammation and cancer are discussed.
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237
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Poniewierska-Baran A, Tokarz-Deptuła B, Deptuła W. The role of innate lymphoid cells in selected disease states - cancer formation, metabolic disorder and inflammation. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:196-206. [PMID: 33488872 PMCID: PMC7811321 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently described group of immune cells that can regulate homeostasis and protect mammalian organisms, including humans, from infections and diseases. Considering this, ILC research is still ongoing to better understand the biology of these cells and their roles in the human body. ILCs are a multifunctional group of immune cells, making it important for the medical community to be familiar with the latest research about the ILC families and their functions in selected disease states, such as cancer formation, metabolic disorders and inflammation. By discovering the roles of ILC populations and their participation in many disorders, we can improve disease diagnostics and patient healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beata Tokarz-Deptuła
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Deptuła
- Veterinary Center of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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238
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López-Yglesias AH, Burger E, Camanzo E, Martin AT, Araujo AM, Kwok SF, Yarovinsky F. T-bet-dependent ILC1- and NK cell-derived IFN-γ mediates cDC1-dependent host resistance against Toxoplasma gondii. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008299. [PMID: 33465134 PMCID: PMC7875365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host resistance against intracellular pathogens requires a rapid IFN-γ mediated immune response. We reveal that T-bet-dependent production of IFN-γ is essential for the maintenance of inflammatory DCs at the site of infection with a common protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. A detailed analysis of the cellular sources for T-bet-dependent IFN-γ identified that ILC1s and to a lesser degree NK, but not TH1 cells, were involved in the regulation of inflammatory DCs via IFN-γ. Mechanistically, we established that T-bet dependent innate IFN-γ is critical for the induction of IRF8, an essential transcription factor for cDC1s. Failure to upregulate IRF8 in DCs resulted in acute susceptibility to T. gondii infection. Our data identifies that T-bet dependent production of IFN-γ by ILC1 and NK cells is indispensable for host resistance against intracellular infection via maintaining IRF8+ inflammatory DCs at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Américo H. López-Yglesias
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Elise Burger
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ellie Camanzo
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew T. Martin
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alessandra M. Araujo
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Samantha F. Kwok
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Felix Yarovinsky
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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239
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Intestinal-derived ILCs migrating in lymph increase IFNγ production in response to Salmonella Typhimurium infection. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:717-727. [PMID: 33414524 PMCID: PMC8075955 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are enriched in mucosae and have been described as tissue-resident. Interestingly, ILCs are also present within lymph nodes (LNs), in the interfollicular regions, the destination for lymph-migratory cells. We have previously shown that LN ILCs are supplemented by peripheral tissue-derived ILCs. Using thoracic duct cannulations, we here enumerate the intestinal lymph ILCs that traffic from the intestine to the mesenteric LNs (MLNs). We provide, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of these lymph-migratory ILCs. We show that all ILC subsets migrate in lymph, and while global transcriptional analysis reveals a shared signature with tissue-resident ILCs, lymph ILCs express migration-associated genes including S1PRs, SELL (CD62L) and CCR7. Interestingly, we discovered that while Salmonella Typhimurium infections do not increase the numbers of migrating ILCs, infection changes their composition and cytokine profile. Infection increases the proportions of RORyt+ T-bet+ ILCs, levels of IFNγ, and IFNγ/GM-CSF co-expression. Infection-induced changes in migratory ILCs are reflected in colon-draining MLN ILCs, where RORyt+ T-bet+ ILCs accumulate and display corresponding increased cytokine expression. Thus, we reveal that ILCs respond rapidly to intestinal infection and can migrate to the MLN where they produce cytokines.
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Brg1 restrains the pro-inflammatory properties of ILC3s and modulates intestinal immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:38-52. [PMID: 32612160 PMCID: PMC7790751 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), a subset of the innate lymphoid cells, are abundantly present in the intestine and are crucial regulators of intestinal inflammation. Brg1 (Brahma-related gene 1), a catalytic subunit of the mammalian SWI-SNF-like chromatin-remodeling BAF complex, regulates the development and function of various immune cells. Here, by genetic deletion of Brg1 in ILC3s (Smarca4ΔILC3), we prove that Brg1 supports the differentiation of NKp46+ILC3s by promoting the T-bet expression in NKp46-ILC3s, which facilitates the conversion of NKp46-ILC3s to NKp46+ILC3s. Strikingly, Smarca4ΔILC3 mice of the Rag1-/- background develop spontaneous colitis accompanied with increased GM-CSF production in ILC3s. By construction of a mixed bone marrow chimeric system, we demonstrate that Brg1 enhances T-bet and inhibits GM-CSF expression in ILC3s through a cell-intrinsic manner. Blockade of GM-CSF ameliorates colitis in Rag1-/-Smarca4ΔILC3 mice, suggesting that the suppression of GM-CSF production from ILC3s by Brg1 serves as a critical mechanism for Brg1 to restrain intestinal inflammation. We have further demonstrated that Brg1 binds to the Tbx21 and Csf2 gene locus in ILC3s, and favors the active and repressive histones modifications on gene locus of Tbx21 and Csf2 respectively. Our work reveals the essential role of Brg1 in intestinal immunity by regulating ILC3s.
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Tissue signals imprint Aiolos expression in ILC2s to modulate type 2 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1306-1322. [PMID: 34349237 PMCID: PMC8528704 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) manifest tissue heterogeneity and are crucial modulators of regional immune responses. The molecular mechanisms regulating tissue ILC2 properties remain elusive. Here, we interrogate the signatures of ILC2s from five tissues at the transcriptome and epigenetic level. We have found that tissue microenvironment strongly shapes ILC2 identities. The intestine induces Aiolos+ILC2s, whereas lung and pancreas enhance Galectin-1+ILC2s. Though being a faithful gut ILC2 feature under the steady state, Aiolos is induced in non-intestinal ILC2s by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, IL-33 stimulates Aiolos expression in both human and mouse non-intestinal ILC2s. Functionally, Aiolos facilitates eosinophil recruitment by supporting IL-5 production and proliferation of ST2+ILC2s through inhibiting PD-1. At the epigenetic level, ILC2 tissue characters are imprinted by open chromatin regions (OCRs) at non-promoters. Intestinal-specific transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) binds to Ikzf3 (encoding Aiolos) locus, increases the accessibility of an intestinal ILC2-specific OCR, and promotes the Ikzf3 transcription by enhancing H3K27ac. Consequently, Ahr prevents ILC2s entering an "exhausted-like" state through sustaining Aiolos expression. Our work elucidates mechanism of ILC2 tissue adaptation and highlights Aiolos as a potential target of type 2 inflammation.
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242
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Wang R, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Cao Q. Innate lymphoid cells in kidney diseases. Kidney Int 2020; 99:1077-1087. [PMID: 33387602 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that innate immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, contribute to pathogenesis and protection in various kidney diseases. The understanding of innate immunity has been advanced recently by the discovery of a new group of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3. ILCs lack adaptive antigen receptors, yet can be triggered by various pathogens and rapidly provide an abundant source of immunomodulatory cytokines to exert immediate immune reactions and direct subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. ILCs play critical roles in immunity, tissue homeostasis, and pathological inflammation. In this review, we highlight the biological function of ILC subpopulations in the normal kidney, and their important roles in acute and chronic kidney diseases, thus demonstrating the emerging importance of ILC-regulated immunity in this special organ and providing insights for future research directions and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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243
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Yu X, Vargas J, Green PH, Bhagat G. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Celiac Disease: Current Perspective. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:803-814. [PMID: 33309944 PMCID: PMC7851184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Although the mechanisms underlying gliadin-mediated activation of adaptive immunity in CD have been well-characterized, regulation of innate immune responses and the functions of certain immune cell populations within the epithelium and lamina propria are not well-understood at present. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are types of innate immune cells that have lymphoid morphology, lack antigen-specific receptors, and play important roles in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and protective immune responses against pathogens. Information regarding the diversity and functions of ILCs in lymphoid organs and at mucosal sites has grown over the past decade, and roles of different ILC subsets in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory intestinal diseases have been proposed. However, our understanding of the contribution of ILCs toward the initiation and progression of CD is still limited. In this review, we discuss current pathophysiological aspects of ILCs within the gastrointestinal tract, findings of recent investigations characterizing ILC alterations in CD and refractory CD, and suggest avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yu
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin Vargas
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter H.R. Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Govind Bhagat, MD, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC 14-228, New York, New York 10032. fax: (212) 305-2301.
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244
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Spinner CA, Lazarevic V. Transcriptional regulation of adaptive and innate lymphoid lineage specification. Immunol Rev 2020; 300:65-81. [PMID: 33615514 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Once alerted to the presence of a pathogen, activated CD4+ T cells initiate distinct gene expression programs that produce multiple functionally specialized T helper (Th) subsets. The cytokine milieu present at the time of antigen encounter instructs CD4+ T cells to differentiate into interferon-(IFN)-γ-producing Th1 cells, interleukin-(IL)-4-producing Th2 cells, IL-17-producing Th17 cells, follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, or regulatory T (Treg) cells. In each of these Th cell subsets, a single transcription factor has been identified as a critical regulator of its specialized differentiation program. In this context, the expression of the "master regulator" is necessary and sufficient to activate lineage-specific genes while restricting the gene expression program of alternative Th fates. Thus, the transcription factor T-bet controls Th1 differentiation program, while the development of Th2, Th17, Tfh, and Treg cells is dependent on transcription factors GATA3, RORγt, Bcl6, and Foxp3, respectively. Nevertheless, master regulators or, more precisely, lineage-defining transcription factors do not function in isolation. In fact, they interact with a complex network of transcription factors, orchestrating cell lineage specification programs. In this review, we discuss the concept of the combinatorial interactions of key transcription factors in determining helper T cell identity. Additionally, lineage-defining transcription factors have well-established functions beyond their role in CD4+ Th subsets. They play critically important functions at distinct stages during T cell development in the thymus and they control the development of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the bone marrow. In tracking the journey of T cells traversing from the thymus to the periphery and during the immune response, we discuss in broad terms developmental stage and context-dependent functions of lineage-defining transcription factors in regulating specification programs of innate and adaptive lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille A Spinner
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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245
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Liu Q, Kim MH, Friesen L, Kim CH. BATF regulates innate lymphoid cell hematopoiesis and homeostasis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:eaaz8154. [PMID: 33277375 PMCID: PMC8375455 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz8154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early hematopoietic progenitors undergo sophisticated developmental processes to become committed innate lymphoid cell (ILC) progenitors and ultimately mature ILC subsets in the periphery. Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (Batf) plays important roles in lymphocyte biology. We report here that Batf regulates the production of bone marrow ILC progenitors and maintenance of peripheral ILCs. The expression of Batf is induced during ILC development at the α-lymphoid progenitor stage in response to the cytokine IL-7. As a potential mechanism, up-regulated Batf binds and activates transcription of the Nfil3 gene to promote ILC hematopoiesis. Batf is necessary to maintain normal numbers of early and late ILC progenitors in the bone marrow and mature ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, and NK cells in most peripheral tissues. Batf deficiency causes ILC lymphopenia, leading to defective ILC responses to inflammatory cytokines and defective immunity to enteric bacterial infections. Thus, Batf plays critical roles in bone marrow hematopoiesis, peripheral homeostasis, and effector functions of ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Myung H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Leon Friesen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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246
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De Salvo C, Buela KA, Pizarro TT. Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cell Plasticity in Gut Mucosal Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585319. [PMID: 33424837 PMCID: PMC7794016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal barriers are active sites that encounter a bombardment of antigenic stimuli derived from both the commensal flora and a variety of pathogens, as well as from environmental insults. As such, the ability to mount appropriate innate immune responses is an important first line of defense that confers protection to the host. Central to innate immunity are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which were first described a decade ago, and represent a family of heterogeneous cells driven by specific transcription factors and exhibit distinct cytokine profiles that are shared with their CD4+ T-helper cell counterparts. ILCs are particularly enriched at mucosal surfaces, and the tissue microenvironment and cytokine milieu in which ILCs reside are critical factors that drive the behavior and overall function of these cells. In fact, ILCs situated at mucosal barriers must be able to temper their response to a constant exposure of environmental antigens, but also promptly react to pathogens or signals that are potentially harmful to the host. In this context, the ability of ILCs to readily transdifferentiate in response to their dynamic surroundings has become a vigorous area of research, and defining specific mechanism(s) of ILC plasticity is at the advent of discovery. This review will summarize what is currently known regarding the network of cytokines and regulatory elements that enable ILCs to readily transform, based on the range of diverse signals and signal gradients they encounter that lead to either protective or pathogenic function(s), with focus on the gut mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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247
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Multidimensional molecular controls defining NK/ILC1 identity in cancers. Semin Immunol 2020; 52:101424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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248
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Valle-Noguera A, Gómez-Sánchez MJ, Girard-Madoux MJH, Cruz-Adalia A. Optimized Protocol for Characterization of Mouse Gut Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563414. [PMID: 33329525 PMCID: PMC7735015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have gradually been gaining greater relevance in the field of immunology due to their multiple functions in the innate immune response. They can mainly be found in mucosal and barrier organs like skin, gut, and lungs, and have been classified into five main types (NKs, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and Lti cells) according to their function and development. They all play major roles in functions such as tissue homeostasis, early pathogen defense, regulation of inflammation, or tissue remodeling. ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells tightly bound to the tissue structure, a fact that requires long and complex protocols that do not always provide sufficient yield for analysis. This suggests the need for optimized approaches aimed at ensuring that enriched and viable ILC samples are obtained, in order to furnish quality results. Herein a detailed protocol is established for obtaining a single-cell suspension highly enriched in lymphoid cells from mouse gut in order to identify the different subsets of ILCs by means of flow cytometry. The cell marker panel and flow cytometry gating strategies for identification and quantification of all the different ILC populations are provided for simultaneous analysis. Moreover, the protocol described includes a procedure for studying the different cytokines produced by ILC3s involved in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier and defending against extracellular pathogens. As a result, herein an efficient method is presented for studying mouse ILCs within the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon; this can constitute a useful tool for future investigations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle-Noguera
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Gómez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathilde J H Girard-Madoux
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université d'Aix-Marseille UM2, Inserm, U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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249
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Mendes J, Areia AL, Rodrigues-Santos P, Santos-Rosa M, Mota-Pinto A. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551707. [PMID: 33329512 PMCID: PMC7734178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.551707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a new set of cells considered to be a part of the innate immune system. ILCs are classified into five subsets (according to their transcription factors and cytokine profile) as natural killer cells (NK cells), group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, group 3 ILCs, and lymphoid tissue inducers (LTi). Functionally, these cells resemble the T helper population but lack the expression of recombinant genes, which is essential for the formation of T cell receptors. In this work, the authors address the distinction between peripheral and decidual NK cells, highlighting their diversity in ILC biology and its relevance to human pregnancy. ILCs are effector cells that are important in promoting immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. Recent studies have directed their attention to ILC actions in pregnancy. Dysregulation or expansion of pro-inflammatory ILC populations as well as abnormal tolerogenic responses may directly interfere with pregnancy, ultimately resulting in pregnancy loss or adverse outcomes. In this review, we characterize these cells, considering recent findings and addressing knowledge gaps in perinatal medicine in the context of ILC biology. Moreover, we discuss the relevance of these cells not only to the process of immune tolerance, but also in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Mendes
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, General Pathology Institute, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Areia
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, General Pathology Institute, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Obstetrics Department, Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos-Rosa
- Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Mota-Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, General Pathology Institute, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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250
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Mévélec MN, Lakhrif Z, Dimier-Poisson I. Key Limitations and New Insights Into the Toxoplasma gondii Parasite Stage Switching for Future Vaccine Development in Human, Livestock, and Cats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:607198. [PMID: 33324583 PMCID: PMC7724089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.607198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease affecting human, livestock and cat. Prophylactic strategies would be ideal to prevent infection. In a One Health vaccination approach, the objectives would be the prevention of congenital disease in both women and livestock, prevention/reduction of T. gondii tissue cysts in food-producing animals; and oocyst shedding in cats. Over the last few years, an explosion of strategies for vaccine development, especially due to the development of genetic-engineering technologies has emerged. The field of vaccinology has been exploring safer vaccines by the generation of recombinant immunogenic proteins, naked DNA vaccines, and viral/bacterial recombinants vectors. These strategies based on single- or few antigens, are less efficacious than recombinant live-attenuated, mostly tachyzoite T. gondii vaccine candidates. Reflections on the development of an anti-Toxoplasma vaccine must focus not only on the appropriate route of administration, capable of inducing efficient immune response, but also on the choice of the antigen (s) of interest and the associated delivery systems. To answer these questions, the choice of the animal model is essential. If mice helped in understanding the protection mechanisms, the data obtained cannot be directly transposed to humans, livestock and cats. Moreover, effectiveness vaccines should elicit strong and protective humoral and cellular immune responses at both local and systemic levels against the different stages of the parasite. Finally, challenge protocols should use the oral route, major natural route of infection, either by feeding tissue cysts or oocysts from different T. gondii strains. Effective Toxoplasma vaccines depend on our understanding of the (1) protective host immune response during T. gondii invasion and infection in the different hosts, (2) manipulation and modulation of host immune response to ensure survival of the parasites able to evade and subvert host immunity, (3) molecular mechanisms that define specific stage development. This review presents an overview of the key limitations for the development of an effective vaccine and highlights the contributions made by recent studies on the mechanisms behind stage switching to offer interesting perspectives for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zineb Lakhrif
- Team BioMAP, Université de Tours, INRAE, ISP, Tours, France
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